Effect of Hormonal Changes Due to Natural Menopause on Temporal Perception, Speech Perception in Noise, and Working Memory

Abstract

Menopause marks the permanent cessation of menstruation due to declining ovarian function, typically occurring around age 51. Estrogen decline during menopause affects auditory processing and may contribute to hearing loss. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the effect of natural menopause on temporal perception, speech perception in noise, and working memory. The study also aimed to assess the gender differences in these abilities. The study utilized a between-group comparison design with 60 participants aged 50-60, divided into three groups: women with natural menopause, healthy women, and healthy men. Modulation detection test (MDT) and gap detection test (GDT), speech perception in noise, and auditory working memory abilities were compared between the three groups. Results revealed significant differences in MDT at 20Hz, 60Hz, and 200Hz, and GDT right ear among groups. Significant differences were also noted for forward digit, ascending, and descending digit tasks among groups. Women with natural menopause showed a significant decline in speech perception in noise, and few working memory abilities compared to normal healthy women and men. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to support cognitive and auditory health in postmenopausal women.