Profiling the Impact of Tinnitus through The ICF Classification

Abstract

The pathophysiology of tinnitus is complex and multifactorial, involving both auditory and non-auditory systems. People with bothersome tinnitus can report various associated problems, highlighting the diverse nature of the condition. By systematically profiling the auditory and non-auditory manifestations of tinnitus, clinicians and researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the condition and develop effective strategies for evaluation and management. This study aimed to profile the overall impact of tinnitus and correlate it with conventional auditory measures using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. The study highlights the use of open-ended questions in gathering helpful information about the impact of tinnitus and the importance of considering a comprehensive approach for the assessment and management of tinnitus. The study sample included 117 individuals diagnosed with tinnitus. A Problem Question (PQ) and a Life Effects Question (LEQ) were used to gather participant data. The study had 433 responses related to the Problem Questionnaire (PQ) and 158 responses to the Life Effects Questionnaire (LEQ). The study's findings revealed that the most affected domains differed between the PQ and LEQ. In the PQ, the most affected domain was activity limitation, indicating difficulties executing specific activities.On the other hand, in the LEQ, the most affected domain was body function, which refers to the physiological and psychological functions of the body. There was a significant difference in the total number of responses between PQ and LEQ. No significant correlations were found between the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based responses and audiological measures such as Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and Speech Identification Scores (SIS). However, a strong correlation was observed between the Problem Questionnaire (PQ), Life Effects Questionnaire (LEQ), and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores. These findings highlight the need to profile the heterogeneity of tinnitus using internationally established tools like the ICF.