____________________________________________________________ Endangered Languages-A Unique Project to Save Them: A Report from the School of Oriental and African Studies Author: Austin, Peter K Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 12,  (0, 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85651622?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project (HRELP) is presented, discussing its mission & objectives. It is noted that most of the 6500 languages existing today will not survive beyond the 21st century, & since most of these tongues are without literary tradition, their loss will leave no record in the history of human civilization. The HRELP's mission is to: (1) train new generations of linguists that would devote themselves to studying & documenting these languages, (2) promote opportunities for collaboration between individuals & organizations to work together with endangered language communities, (3) provide financial support in the form of research grants to projects researching languages threatened with extinction, (4) set up a comprehensive archive of endangered languages, & (5) raise funds needed for researching endangered languages. There are three basic components of HRELP: (1) Endangered Languages Documentation Program (ELDP), (2) Endangered Languages Academic Program (ELAP), & (3) Endangered Languages Archive (ELAR). In 2003, ELDP provided 21 grants totaling $1.194 million to study & document over 30 endangered languages across six continents. Z. Dubiel Subject: Language Maintenance (42950); Endangered Languages (21760); Descriptive Linguistics (18350); Linguistics Instruction (48200); Language Planning (43400) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 3 pages Title: Endangered Languages-A Unique Project to Save Them: A Report from the School of Oriental and African Studies Correspondence author: Austin, Peter K   Author e-mail address: pa2@soas.ac.uk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-0 1 Accession number: 200710783 ProQuest document ID: 85651622 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85651622?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Chinese Languages: A New Lexicographical Perspective from Hong Kong Author: Kam-mei, Jacqueline Lam11 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology lcjacqui@ust.hk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 12,  (0, 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85677622?accountid=50982 Abstract: People in Hong Kong live in a unique language environment. On one hand, the community is essentially Chinese: we speak, read & write in Chinese in our daily life. On the other hand, we need to maintain a high standard of English to ensure the city's global economic competitiveness. Our Government's language education policy is to enable our people to be biliterate (in written Chinese & English) & trilingual (in spoken English, Cantonese & Putonghua). Continuous efforts have been made to enhance the language proficiency of both our students & our working population. These include the development of appropriate standards-referenced assessment to gauge the progress of language learners & a learner-centred direction for on-going local curriculum reform. In this paper, however, I argue that the language proficiency of Hong Kong people will be strengthened by a set of Bi-Tri (biliterate & trilingual) dictionaries: basic, intermediate & advanced. The role & functions of such a range of dictionaries in enhancing the use of the Chinese languages in particular will be addressed. The effectiveness of such an endeavour will also be examined. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hong Kong (32750); Lexicography (46800); Educational Policy (20940); Language Policy (43450); Multilingualism (55650); Language Proficiency (43570); Curriculum Planning (16780); Dictionaries (18800); English (21900); Cantonese (10450); Chinese (12100); Dialects (18750) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, bilingual education Supplemental data: 9 pages Title: The Chinese Languages: A New Lexicographical Perspective from Hong Kong Correspondence author: Kam-mei, Jacqueline Lam   Author e-mail address: lcjacqui@ust.hk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710223 ProQuest document ID: 85677622 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85677622?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Fixing the Language, Fixing the Nation Author: Ghosh, Nandita11 Dept English/Communication/Philosophy, Fairleigh Dickinson U nan_dita@excite.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 10,  (October 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85639607?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the context of local separatist movements of the 1980s in India, a paradox arose whereby no Indian language could displace the privileged relation of English to technology although English is perceived to be inauthentic in India & a need was felt for a single national language to unify the country. An examination of representative novels & journalistic prose during the 1980s reveals the function of English as a tool of modernization, technology, & the assumption & maintenance of power by the middle class; both Hindi & Bengali, however, emerge as hegemonic within their own domains of use. The promotion of Hindi is seen as especially deleterious to the status & social functions of Urdu, & Bengali & other regional standards are imposed on local dialects as a centralizing force that fosters the power of those who identify with each standard. Failing a unifying national language, the national leadership has fallen back on the so-called three-language formula, whereby central power is exerted through determination of the direction of translations. The language situation in India, particularly during the 1980s, is characterized in Bakhtinian terms as a combative interaction of centripetal & centrifugal or heteroglossic forces. References. J. Hitchcock Subject: India (35100); Social Functions of Language (79925); English (21900); Indic Languages (35300); Language Planning (43400); Language Standardization (43900) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Title: Fixing the Language, Fixing the Nation Correspondence author: Ghosh, Nandita   Author e-mail address: nan_dita@excite.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-04-01 Accession number: 200704147 ProQuest document ID: 85639607 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85639607?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Declaring a Language Classical Author: Thirumalai, M S11 Bethany Coll Missions, Bloomington, MN thirumalai@bethanyinternational.org Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 10,  (October 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85640544?accountid=50982 Abstract: The demand of Tamil scholars that Tamil be recognized as a classical language, now entering a new phase with the establishment by the Indian government of criteria for classical language status, arose more than 150 years ago in response to the politically motivated decision of the British Indian Administration to treat Sanskrit, Persian, & Arabic as classical languages & to support programs of education & development in each language. Mindful of the long literary tradition of Tamil, which dates from circa 200 BC & is independent from Sanskrit, & the role of Tamil as a primary source of modern Indian culture including sacred works, Tamil scholars & other advocates seeking to enhance Tamil identity have argued their cause in vain, contending against a concern that proponents of other modern Indian languages would press their case for classical status. Arguments by George Hart (2000) in favor of classical status for Tamil are quoted at length in this context. J. Hitchcock Subject: Cultural Identity (16570); Language Status (43920); Social Functions of Language (79925); Tamil (87650); India (35100); Language Policy (43450) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Title: Declaring a Language Classical Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: thirumalai@bethanyinternational.org Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-04-01 Accession number: 200704152 ProQuest document ID: 85640544 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85640544?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi-The Official Language of India Author: Mallikarjun, B Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 11,  (November 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85650728?accountid=50982 Abstract: Hindi, according to the 1991 Census of India, is the mother tongue of 233,432,285 persons (22% of the entire Indian population) & is spoken as a language (which includes 47 or so mother tongues cobbled up under it) by 337,272,114 persons (42.22% of the entire Indian population). It is also used as a second language by another 6.16% of the population & as a third language by yet another 2.60% of other language speakers. In total, in India, Hindi is known officially to 50.98% of Indians &, thus, has the status of the major language of the nation. This paper traces, briefly, the history of the development of Hindi in two stages from 1900 to 1950, & from 1950 to 2003. Special attention is given to the varieties of legislation, mechanics of the implementation of the legislative provisions, relevant decisions of the various High Courts and the Supreme Court of India, the contribution of the globalization processes, problems with the linguistic structure & sociolinguistic functions, special characteristics of corpus of status planning as applied to Hindi, the response to such deep involvement in language planning by the government machinery from the native speakers of Hindi & non-Hindi States of the Union as well as the religious minorities of India & their impact on the language planning process, & the "peculiar" processes of developing a Hindi officialese, etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); India (35100); Language Planning (43400); Language Status (43920); Globalization (28120); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language History (42600) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 23 pages Title: Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi-The Official Language of India Correspondence author: Mallikarjun, B   Author e-mail address: mallikarjun@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710789 ProQuest document ID: 85650728 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85650728?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Towards Some "Standard" Telugu Author: Rama Rao, V V B Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 11,  (November 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85650741?accountid=50982 Abstract: The history of Telugu (Dravidian) & its literary tradition is outlined, & three premises are laid out as the foundation for developing a standard for this language: (1) language is primarily oral, (2) the aim of speaking is communication, & (3) all languages are culturally & communicatively adequate. The relationship between language & style is briefly examined before Telugu use in contemporary print media is critiqued. Four texts of various journalistic genre are examined for language use, norm violation, & the infiltration of colloquialisms & Anglicisms. The editors' & journalists' role in preserving & cultivating the standard is emphasized. Z. Dubiel Subject: Telugu (88320); Language History (42600); Literature (49250); Language Standardization (43900); Journalistic Language (39850); Stylistics (84950); Colloquial Language (13300); Borrowing (09300) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 8 pages Title: Towards Some "Standard" Telugu Correspondence author: Rama Rao, V V B   Author e-mail address: vvbramarao@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710792 ProQuest document ID: 85650741 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85650741?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka. Institute of Language and Literature Malaysia-A Brief Overview Author: Thirumalai, M S11 Bethany Coll Missions, Bloomington, MN thirumalai@bethanyinternational.org Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 11,  (November 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85651339?accountid=50982 Abstract: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language & Literature Malaysia) was set up in 1959 with the power & authority to develop Bahasa Malay as the national language of Malaysia. The Institute's objectives & services, pledged or provided, are listed. The aims targeted & projects carried out by the Language Research & Terminology Divisions of the Institute are mentioned. It is claimed that the Institute's work led to a remarkable success in reaching its goals & objectives: meticulous planning, broad participation of scholars & users of Bahasa Malay, support from the country's successive governments, & goal-oriented implementation are cited as the principal reason for this success. References. Z. Dubiel Subject: Malaysia (50800); Malay (50740); National Languages (56300); Language Planning (43400); Language Policy (43450) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 3 pages Title: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka. Institute of Language and Literature Malaysia-A Brief Overview Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: thirumalai@bethanyinternational.org Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710795 ProQuest document ID: 85651339 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85651339?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Tradition, Modernity, and Impact of Globalization: Whither Will Tamil Go? Author: Thirumalai, M S11 Bethany Coll Missions, Bloomington, MN thirumalai@bethanyinternational.org Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 11,  (November 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85653172?accountid=50982 Abstract: Tamil (Dravidian) standardization problems are addressed here, including: (1) oral vs written code gap, (2) avoidance of Sanskrit & elements from other foreign sources in technical terminology formation, (3) preference for calquing (loan translation) over direct borrowing, (4) resistence to adopting the Roman script, (5) the slow development of appropriate morphological models of derivation & inflection, (6) script limitations on the adoption & adaptation of foreignisms vs their profuse occurrence in oral language, (7) unresolved language planning issues: Tamil as a medium of instruction, (8) hybridization in written & spoken Tamil, & (9) popularity of English-language education among Tamil parents to further their children's professional opportunities in the era of globalization. References. Z. Dubiel Subject: Tamil (87650); Language Planning (43400); Language Standardization (43900); Spoken Written Language Relationship (83400); Borrowing (09300); Orthography (61750); Language of Instruction (43180); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 13 pages Title: Tradition, Modernity, and Impact of Globalization: Whither Will Tamil Go? Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: thirumalai@bethanyinternational.org Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710797 ProQuest document ID: 85653172 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85653172?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ One Hundred Years of Language Planning in Malaysia. Looking Ahead to the Future Author: Hassan, Abdullah11 Faculty Languages, Sultan Idris U Education, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia profdollah@upsi.edu.my Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 11,  (November 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85654319?accountid=50982 Abstract: The sociolinguistic landscape of Malaysia is sketched before a variety of issues pertaining to language planning in this country are addressed, including: (1) the relationship between Malay & English & the legacy of British colonization, (2) national language as a symbol of national identity & an instrument of social integration, (3) language planning strategies by the Malayan Ministry of Education & the Language and Literacy Agency: the modernization, codification, standardization, & dissemination of Malay, (4) the revision of the Roman script & development of pronunciation norms & technical terminology formation rules, (5) many vs single language in education & the question of integration through education, (6) the return of English as a medium of instruction, (7) the bilingual education controversy: the arguments of proponents & opponents, (8) textbook design & publication for primary & secondary education levels, (9) the opposition of Chinese & Indian communities against the dominance of Malay in the country's educational system, & (10) the Malayan government's policies on ethnic & minority languages. Figures, References. Z. Dubiel Subject: Malaysia (50800); Language Planning (43400); Language Policy (43450); Language Status (43920); National Languages (56300); Language Standardization (43900); Orthography (61750); Bilingual Education (08750); Language of Instruction (43180); Malay (50740); South Asian English (80810); Minority Languages (54250) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 18 pages Title: One Hundred Years of Language Planning in Malaysia. Looking Ahead to the Future Correspondence author: Hassan, Abdullah   Author e-mail address: profdollah@upsi.edu.my Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710787 ProQuest document ID: 85654319 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85654319?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Big Three: Chinese, English, and Spanish Author: McArthur, Tom11 Cambridge U Press scotsway@aol.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 4, Iss. 11,  (November 2004). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667816?accountid=50982 Abstract: Some observations are made on the dominance of English as a world language & the potentially rival positions of Chinese and Spanish in the near future. The terms "Englishes," "variety of English," & "English language complex" are scrutinized as suitable designations for the status & distribution the English language enjoys today on a global scale. Seven classes of world languages are differentiated: (1) English, (2) Chinese, Spanish, & Hindi-Urdu, (3) widely used historically & culturally significant languages, (4) major national & regional languages, (5) smaller but socially strong languages, (6) small languages of politically less powerful communities, & (7) very small languages with a limited number of speakers. Three characteristics of the relationship between English, Chinese, & Spanish as the dominant languages complexes in the world today are pointed out: (1) far more Spanish & Chinese native speakers learn English than the other way around, (2) far more Spanish & Chinese native speakers learn English than each other's language, & (3) English is learned by far more speakers of other languages than is Chinese or Spanish. The spread, prestige, usage, & world position of the English, Chinese, & Spanish language complexes are compared, & some predictions for the future are made. Z. Dubiel Subject: English as an International Language (22200); New Englishes (57455); International Languages (37350); Chinese (12100); Spanish (81800); Language Status (43920); Second Language Learning (75850) Classification: 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages Supplemental data: 7 pages Title: The Big Three: Chinese, English, and Spanish Correspondence author: McArthur, Tom   Author e-mail address: scotsway@aol.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2004 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710632 ProQuest document ID: 85667816 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667816?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Indian Television Globalizes Multilingualism but Is Counterproductive Author: Bayer, Jennifer M11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Mysore, India bayer/ciil@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 1,  (January 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85649017?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language use on television in India indicates that although TV globalizes multilingualism, it homogenizes & destabilizes dialects & restricts the development & cultivation of tribal languages. Thus, the TV medium may promote language loss & a shift away from less to more powerful languages. The network & cable channel lineup of Indian TV is presented, & the informing, educational, & entertaining functions of TV are characterized. It is pointed out that while the dominant Indian languages fare well in all three functions, the native tongues of tribal communities are excluded from broadcasts & thus further marginalized in the Indian society. In search of higher viewership & maximizing profits from commercials, small languages are passed over in favor of languages that can deliver these objectives. A concise survey of literature on the relationship between TV watching & language use is conducted, & the proactive policy of the French government to defend the national language against the invasion of English is contrasted with the inaction of Indian authorities. The importance of language planning & management to national integration in the multilingual & multicultural Indian society is stressed. References. Z. Dubiel Subject: India (35100); Television (88300); Language Use (44610); Globalization (28120); Multilingualism (55650); Minority Languages (54250); Language Shift (43750); Language Planning (43400) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 7 pages Title: Indian Television Globalizes Multilingualism but Is Counterproductive Correspondence author: Bayer, Jennifer M   Author e-mail address: bayer/ciil@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710784 ProQuest document ID: 85649017 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85649017?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ On the Mother Tongue Medium of Instruction Policy-Curriculum Innovation and the Challenges of Implementation in Nigeria Author: Iyamu, Ede O S; Aduwa Ogiegbaen, S E Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 1,  (January 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85651325?accountid=50982 Abstract: The religious missionary & colonial foundations of education in Nigeria largely explain most of the present inadequacies in the nation's schools. Of greater concern here is the neglect of indigenous languages in the curriculum & the current difficulties in implementing the mother-tongue medium of instruction in the schools, despite evidence on its potency for promoting children's learning. This study examines the perceptions of parents & teachers of the wisdom of this policy as well as the constraints to the implementation. Questionnaires were used to collect data from a sample of 1000 teachers & 1500 parents of primary school children. The data analysis showed that parents & teachers were perceptive of the wisdom of the policy, though parents would not subscribe to their children being taught in the mother tongue. It was also found that the push for a language of wider communication & lack of relevant materials are greater constraints to the implementation. Recommendations made include the need for a re-orientation of parents & the public, & genuine commitment of government to facilitate the implementation of innovative curriculum. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nigeria (57910); Educational Policy (20940); Curriculum Planning (16780); Language of Instruction (43180); Native Language (56390); Indigenous Languages (35320); Parent Attitudes (62759); Colonialism (13410) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 12 pages Title: On the Mother Tongue Medium of Instruction Policy-Curriculum Innovation and the Challenges of Implementation in Nigeria Correspondence author: Iyamu, Ede O S   Author e-mail address: nisioza@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710788 ProQuest document ID: 85651325 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85651325?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Experiment on the Effect of Language on Knowledge Author: Gupta, Alok Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 1,  (January 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85677597?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is a critical factor in education, which determines learner's performance in school & out of school. The environment in classroom & in industry or work is linguistically as well as culturally diverse in Indian contexts. Is there a correlation between proficiency in language attained at school, & skills in language required to acquire work specific product oriented knowledge? With the implementation of States' language policy taking a front seat, is there any change taking place in language performance & language competence required in school as well as in work place? In an officially trilingual country, the English-only scene is giving place to a combination of English & Indian languages in areas where English once held a high position. This paper presents results of an experiment conducted in a High Tech Industry, located in Mysore. The content of the try out was a text, taken from a training manual, for a new product that the employees were not familiar with. In understanding & discussing the dimensions of producing the new artifact, my analysis points to the pre-dominance of employees' culture language (home language) & functional English rather than only English. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Multilingualism (55650); Language Use (44610); Language Proficiency (43570); Knowledge (40930); Code Switching (12650); Academic Achievement (00070); Workplace Communication (98470); Language Policy (43450); English (21900); Kannada (40400) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, bilingual education Supplemental data: 5 pages Title: An Experiment on the Effect of Language on Knowledge Correspondence author: Gupta, Alok   Author e-mail address: alokgupta47@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710220 ProQuest document ID: 85677597 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85677597?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ How Biblical Languages Work Author: Thirumalai, M S (Review of: Silzer, Peter James; Finley, Thomas John) Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 2,  (February 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/57797633?accountid=50982 Abstract: None available. Classification: 5123: descriptive linguistics; language history; 5713: poetics/literary theory; historical text studies Supplemental data: Edition date: 2004 Title: How Biblical Languages Work Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S (Review of: Silzer, Peter James   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Book Review Update: 2007-10-01 Accession number: 200712687 ProQuest document ID: 577976 33 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/57797633?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Malayalam-How to Arrest Its Withering Away? Author: Chand Raj, M K Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 2,  (February 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85648600?accountid=50982 Abstract: The real threat of impending Malayalam extinction is addressed, examining why this ethnic language fares far worse than other national languages of India. The sharing in the status of official language of the state of Kerala by Malayalam & English is criticized as detrimental to the former's survival, recognizing, however, the formidable political opposition against making Malayalam the only language with that function. The failure of the University of Kerala to promote Malayalam in education is pointed out. It is observed that Kerala can learn from its neighboring states - Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, or Karnataka - how to cultivate & promote its national language. Measures to save Malayalam from extinction are considered, concluding that standardization & compulsory use as a medium of instruction are the two most important steps that need to be taken. Malayalam presence in the educational & judiciary systems & exclusive role as the state's official language are also recommended. Z. Dubiel Subject: Language Policy (43450); Official Languages (60500); Language of Instruction (43180); Language Standardization (43900); Malayalam (50770); English (21900); Endangered Languages (21760); Language Maintenance (42950); India (35100) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 4 pages Title: Malayalam-How to Arrest Its Withering Away? Correspondence author: Chand Raj, M K   Author e-mail address: sarangchand@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710785 ProQuest document ID: 85648600 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85648600?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Roots of Linguistic Reorganization of Indian Provinces: Dr. Annie Besant and Her Home Rule Movement Author: Thirumalai, M S11 Bethany Coll Missions, Bloomington, MD thirumalai@mn.rr.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 2,  (February 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85650525?accountid=50982 Abstract: The history of political activism in India on behalf of vernacular languages is traced, with special attention to agitations & demands by the Indian National Congress, an Indian political party founded in 1885. Speeches delivered in vernaculars in the Madras Congress of 1887 & the Nagpur Congress of 1891 are mentioned as the first initiatives to sanction the use of Indian languages in the deliberations of this party's national conventions. At the beginning of the 20th century, the implicit pro-English language policy of the Indian National Congress was gradually replaced by an implicit pro-Indian languages policy, mainly through the contributions of Annie Besant & Lokamanya Tilak, the two principal protagonists of the Home Rule Movement. Besant's presidential address delivered at the 1917 Calcutta Congress is summarized, & extensive quotes are produced to illustrate her interest in the promotion of Indian vernaculars in both administration & education. It was for the first time in the history of presidential addresses in the Indian National Congress that the important role & function of Sanskrit & vernaculars in the awakening of nation building & cultural revival in India were recognized. It is concluded that the Home Rule Movement was a very important milestone in inaugurating specific & formal debates on language use for public affairs in the Indian National Congress. References. Z. Dubiel Subject: India (35100); Language Policy (43450); Language Use (44610); Administrative and Governmental Language (00370); Language of Instruction (43180); Language History (42600); Sanskrit (74750); English (21900) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning Supplemental data: 15 pages Title: The Roots of Linguistic Reorganization of Indian Provinces: Dr. Annie Besant and Her Home Rule Movement Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: thirumalai@mn.rr.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710796 ProQuest document ID: 85650525 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85650525?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Relationship between Verbal Ability and Students' Achievement in Secondary School Social Studies in Southern Nigeria Author: Iyamu, Ede O S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 2,  (February 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671142?accountid=50982 Abstract: Over the years, the very unimpressive performances of students in Social Studies in the Junior Secondary School Certificate Examinations in Nigeria have been the concern of all stakeholders in education. Existing research on variables that are related to students' achievement in Social Studies has neglected the students' verbal ability & linguistic competence that are very important to effective & successful school learning. This study investigated the relationship between students' verbal ability & their achievement in Social Studies. The study used the grades of 2000 students in English Language & Social Studies for three years. These grades were converted to grade points & correlated, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation & t-test. It was found that a significant positive correlation exists between the students' verbal ability & achievement in social studies. It was, therefore, recommended that strategies should be explored to facilitate the students' verbal ability so as to enhance their achievement in Social Studies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nigeria (57910); Academic Achievement (00070); Content Area Instruction (15190); Language of Instruction (43180); English (21900); Language Proficiency (43570); Students (84750); Statistical Analysis (83850) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics Supplemental data: 8 pages Title: Relationship between Verbal Ability and Students' Achievement in Secondary School Social Studies in Southern Nigeria Correspondence author: Iyamu, Ede O S   Author e-mail address: eosiyamu@uniben.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710123 ProQuest document ID: 85671142 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671142?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language and Industrial Development in India Author: Gupta, Alok Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 2,  (February 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85672834?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language use in multilingual & multicultural India is naturally diverse. Although each state in India is carved out based on the dominant language of the region, any school or work environment is also multilingual & multicultural. In such a complex environment, the language of knowledge & the culture language may come into conflict with each other & hinder inter-community & intra-community communication. Likewise, because each organization is hierarchically structured, messages & instructions always do not get passed on in consonance with the intent of meaning. Industry in India has changed over time. Quality, price, service & guarantees, & skilled man power have added new dimensions to the concept of 'competition'. Given the fact that the language of knowledge in the industries is English & interaction is carried on as a mix of English with the local language, distortion of meaning across the hierarchy is apparent. Its impact, therefore, is on the end product as well as the economic stability of the industry. This paper draws on Pool's (1972) analysis of language use in multilingual contexts to situate a point of view that, despite language uniformity in most of the Indian states, per capita output is way below that of the other developed nations. There could be other socio-political reasons for this disparity, but the role of language needs also to be kept in mind. Therefore, inter- & intra-disciplinary attempts should be made by language researchers & management gurus to find a solution to this problem to evolve a viable practical model which could be applied to situations of the present day multilingual Indian Industrial set up. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Multilingualism (55650); Language Use (44610); Economic Factors (20600); Workplace Communication (98470); Knowledge (40930); English as an International Language (22200); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Supplemental data: 8 pages Title: Language and Industrial Development in India Correspondence author: Gupta, Alok   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2016-02-01 Accession number: 200710774 ProQuest document ID: 85672834 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85672834?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Vitality: The Experiences of Edo Community in Nigeria Author: Omoregbe, Esohe Mercy Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 3,  (March 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671670?accountid=50982 Abstract: The linguistic situation in the Edo state of Nigeria is a complex one & the complexity derives from the fact that it is a multilingual state with no common language. Edo is the main indigenous language spoken in Benin City, the capital of Edo state. But the mixture of languages in the land makes it difficult for the Edo language to maintain its high position & its vitality. In the bid to have a common language for easy communication in the state, Edo is facing the excruciating problem of being in constant struggle with the English language & pidgin. These two languages are being used as the languages of wider communication to the detriment of the Edo language. The result of this is the gradual abandonment of Edo, which is posing a big threat to its vitality. The chances of survival of any language in such circumstances depend largely on the attitudes portrayed towards it. This paper raises an alarm at the noticeable gradual decline in the use of Edo language even in its home base. It examines the attitudes of the speakers towards their language & provides some recommendations as a way of checking this negative tendency & ensuring the survival of Edo in spite of the heterogeneous linguistic situation in the land. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nigeria (57910); Multilingualism (55650); Language Maintenance (42950); Endangered Languages (21760); Language Attitudes (41800); Language Use (44610); Benue Congo Languages (08246); Pidgins (65850); English (21900) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Supplemental data: 11 pages Title: Language Vitality: The Experiences of Edo Community in Nigeria Correspondence author: Omoregbe, Esohe Mercy   Author e-mail address: esoheomoregbe@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710779 ProQuest document ID: 85671670 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671670?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Attitudinal Difference and Second Language Learning with Reference to Tamil and Malayalam Author: Balasubramanian, G11 U Calicut, Kerala, India g_balu123@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 5, Iss. 3,  (March 2005). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85672481?accountid=50982 Abstract: Tamil & Malayalam are characterized as two closely related Dravidian languages, which, however, differ in their phonology significantly because of the strong Sanskrit influence on Malayalam. Second language learning by migrant Tamils in Kerala & Malayalis in Tamilnadu is discussed, sketching the sociocultural backgrounds of the two Indian states & the readiness of immigrants to learn the language of the host state. Results of a survey of first generation Tamil immigrants in Kerala & first generation Malayalis in Tamilnadu (N = 30 each) are reported, showing each population's different attitudes to their native tongue & the language of their host state. It is found that: (1) 100% of Malayali respondents in Tamilnadu claim to know Tamil; 60% claim to have a reading competence & 20% a writing competence in this language, (2) 60% of Tamil respondents in Kerala claim to know Malayalam & 30% claim to have a reading competence; no respondent claiming a writing competence in this language, (3) 29 out of the 30 Malayalis think that their Tamil is appreciated by local Tamils, while only 22% of Tamils say that their Malayalam is appreciated by local Malayalis, & (4) 80% of Malayalis feel that local Tamils do not expect them to have a better command of Tamil, while 70% of Tamil respondents feel that better performance in Malayalam is expected from them. The tolerance difference is explained in terms of the perceived learning difficulty of each language & the loyalty & pride of native tongue. References. Z. Dubiel Subject: India (35100); Dravidian Languages (19800); Immigrants (34670); Second Language Learning (75850); Language Attitudes (41800); Language Contact (42100); Language Proficiency (43570); Social Factors (79910); Cultural Factors (16500); Malayalam (50770); Tamil (87650) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Supplemental data: 7 pages Title: Attitudinal Difference and Second Language Learning with Reference to Tamil and Malayalam Correspondence author: Balasubramanian, G   Author e-mail address: g_balu123@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2005 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-09-01 Accession number: 200710770 ProQuest document ID: 85672481 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85672481?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Practicing Literary Translation: A Symposium by Mail-Round Nine Author: Rama Rao, V V B Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 6, Iss. 7,  (July 2006). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85639022?accountid=50982 Abstract: To illustrate the notion of compensation in literary translation as hypothesized by Suresh Kumar (no bibliographical information provided), a Hindi poem by Sumitranandan Pant is presented in transliteration with an English translation by W. M. Murray & Suresh Kumar's analysis of the latter, noting four elements of loss without compensation of emotive effect & emphasis, adequate compensation through emotive expressions for a loss of plainness of referential expressions, & inadquate compensation of loss of emotivity by a referential expression. A Telugu poem by Raamaa Chandramouli is presented in transcription with three different English translations, each of which is analyzed in the same manner; it is suggested that the ideas of loss & compensation may only be relevant for translations from a language of India into English, particularly for a reader unfamiliar with Indian languages, as opposed to translations of poetry from one Indian language into another. J. Hitchcock Subject: Literary Translation (49150); Hindi (31950); Telugu (88320); English (21900); Poetry (66150); Emotions (21600) Classification: 4123: applied linguistics; translation Title: Practicing Literary Translation: A Symposium by Mail-Round Nine Correspondence author: Rama Rao, V V B   Author e-mail address: vvbramarao@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 6 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2006 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-04-01 Accession number: 200703577 ProQuest document ID: 85639022 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85639022?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The English Language Teacher's Awareness and Perceptions Author: Sunwani, Vijay K11 Regional Instit Education, Orissa, India vksunwani@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 6, Iss. 7,  (July 2006). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85640718?accountid=50982 Abstract: Results are reported from a survey of opinions on Indian English on the part of English teachers & teachers of other subjects (N = 38 & 41 respectively) in four eastern states of India, using questionnaires adapted from a similar survey of English teachers in China published in the journal English Today (2005, July). Results indicate positive attitudes towards Indian English in both teacher groups & a preference for the variety of English Ss have learned; a high comfort level with local English vernaculars contrasts with a preference for more than one variety of English & an emphasis on Indian culture & cultures of many countries as opposed to those of the UK & US. British English is favored over American English, however, & is identified as the standard variety of the language; a pluricentric approach to English instruction in India is suggested. References. J. Hitchcock Subject: Indian English (35150); Teachers (87860); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); India (35100); Language Attitudes (41800); Variationist Linguistics (93520) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The English Language Teacher's Awareness and Perceptions Correspondence author: Sunwani, Vijay K   Author e-mail address: vksunwani@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 6 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2006 Country of publication: India Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2007-04-01 Accession number: 200703624 ProQuest document ID: 85640718 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85640718?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Review of Imagining Multilingual Schools-Languages in Education and Glocalization Author: Bayer, Jennifer Marie11 Dept Communication & Literacy, Central Instit Indian Languages, Karnataka, India jennybayer49@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 1,  (January 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662925?accountid=50982 Abstract: A review of a book by Ofelia Garcia, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Maria E. Torres-Guzman [Eds], Imagining Multilingual Schools -- Languages in Education and Glocalization (Clevedon, UK: Linguistic Diversity and Language Rights Multilingual Matters Ltd., 2006) Adapted from the source document Subject: Multilingualism (55650); Educational Policy (20940); Globalization (28120); Language of Instruction (43180); Second Language Instruction (75700); Education (20900) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, bilingual education Title: A Review of Imagining Multilingual Schools-Languages in Education and Glocalization Correspondence author: Bayer, Jennifer Marie   Author e-mail address: jennybayer49@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-10-01 Accession number: 200815367 ProQuest document ID: 85662925 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662925?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gender Differences in the Use of Linguistic Forms in the Speech of Men and Women: A Comparative Study of Persian and English Author: Nemati, Azadeh1; Bayer, Jennifer Marie1 Dept Linguistics, U Mysore, Iran azadehnematiar@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 9,  (0, 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85664379?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research was intended to determine whether men and women were different with respect to the use of intensifiers, hedges and tag questions in English and Persian. To conduct the study, R. Lakoff's (1975) ideas concerning linguistic differences between males and females were taken into account. In order to gather the most natural-like data, 6 English and 8 Persian film-scripts with a family and social theme were randomly selected from amongst all the scenarios available in two libraries of University of Shiraz. In all, 9280 utterances were studied. The data were then divided into four major groups: (1) cross gender, same culture; (2) same gender, cross culture; (3) cross gender, cross culture; and (4) cross culture data. The results of the 21 Chi-squares computed showed no significant difference between the groups on the use of intensifiers, hedged and tag questions. The findings of the study did not confirm Lakoff's opinion regarding gender-bound language at least in the three areas and the corpus inspected in this research. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sex Differences (77850); Tag Questions (87330); Hedges/Hedging (31665); Intensifiers (36635); Persian (63700); English (21900); Language Comparison (41950); Language Usage (44600) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Supplemental data: 12 pages. Title: Gender Differences in the Use of Linguistic Forms in the Speech of Men and Women: A Comparative Study of Persian and English Correspondence author: Nemati, Azadeh   Author e-mail address: azadehnematiar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 9 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816946 ProQuest document ID: 85664379 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85664379?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological Problems in Making English-Manipuri Dictionary for Manipuri Speakers Author: Singh, Leihaorambam Sarbajit1; Singh, Soibam Imoba1 Dept Linguistics, Manipur U, Canchipur, India sarbajit.lei@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 9,  (0, 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85669497?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Manipuris, by virtue of their schooling and educational systems are bilinguals. They use two languages in different situations depending upon the context. Most of them learn English/second language straight from their school stage and they could be called school made bilinguals. Even then, errors in English learning are sustained due to the interference from the learner's mother tongue. The importance of a good bilingual dictionary as an aid to overcome the gravitational pull of the mother tongue cannot be exaggerated. In fact, the lexicographical art in Manipur is in its primal stages. Manipuri dictionaries, which can match the high standards of bilingual dictionaries available in developed languages, are still a long way off. English-Manipuri dictionaries have mostly been compiled and edited by non-English speaking people as well as un-trained lexicographers. Unfortunately, trained compilers are of very limited numbers in Manipur. Therefore, the qualitative values of English-Manipuri dictionary are very poor. The problems in making a bilingual dictionary broadly comprise a) Phonological, b) Grammatical, and c) Semantic. In this paper, the phonological problems confronted in making English to Manipuri Dictionary for Manipuri speakers will be discussed vividly. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); India (35100); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Linguistic Interference (47500); Bilingual Dictionaries (08700); English (21900); Phonology (65250) Classification: 5210: lexicography/lexicology; lexicography Supplemental data: 18 pages. Title: Phonological Problems in Making English-Manipuri Dictionary for Manipuri Speakers Correspondence author: Singh, Leihaorambam Sarbajit   Author e-mail address: sarbajit.lei@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 9 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200817144 ProQuest document ID: 85669497 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85669497?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Need for an Active Dictionary for the Advanced Learners of English in Pakistan Author: Ahmad, Mahmood11 Dept English, Government Coll, Burewala, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan mahmood.szbf@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 4,  (April 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671897?accountid=50982 Abstract: The learners have no escape from the dominant language, Urdu in the present case. Consequently, a lot of negative transfer takes place in the production of English. Various kinds of references works have been prepared to cater to the encoding needs of the learners. In case of encountering difficulties, while composing a text or translating into L2, the learner starts from Urdu/L1 word, which s/he hopes to find only in an Urdu-English dictionary. S/he uses this to find equivalents in English, along with information on their context of use and restrictions, if any. The existing Urdu- English dictionaries fail the users on various counts. There is a need for a learner's dictionary prepared along modern principles drawing upon the insights of research and advancement in lexicography, linguistics, psychology, translation studies, lexicology, and information technology. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Linguistic Interference (47500); Hindi (31950); Learners Dictionaries (45720); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 14 pages. Title: Need for an Active Dictionary for the Advanced Learners of English in Pakistan Correspondence author: Ahmad, Mahmood   Author e-mail address: mahmood.szbf@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816505 ProQuest document ID: 85671897 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671897?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Interaction between Field Dependent/Independent Learning Styles and Learners' Linguality in Third Language Acquisition Author: Maghshudi, Mojtaba11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Mysore, India maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 5,  (May 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85666854?accountid=50982 Abstract: Field Independent hinges on the perceptual skill of "seeing the forest for the trees." A person who can easily recognize the hidden castle or human face in 3-D posters & a child who can spot the monkeys camouflaged within the trees & leaves of an exotic forest in coloring books tend toward a field independent style. The "field" may be perceptual or it may be abstract, such as a set of ideas, thoughts, or feelings from which the task is to perceive specific subsets. Field dependence is, conversely, the tendency to be "dependent" on the total field so that the parts embedded within the field are not easily perceived, though that total field is perceived most clearly as a unified whole. In the present study the interaction between the learners' learning styles & their linguality in language acquisition was investigated. Results of data analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between dependent & independent students in their English Achievement Test scores, while there is NO significant interaction between students' learning styles & gender in their English Achievement Test scores. And also it was indicated that there is NO significant interaction between students' learning styles & their linguality in English Achievement Test scores. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cognitive Style (13100); Third Language Learning (89535); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English Proficiency (22335); Sex Differences (77850) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 16 pages. Title: The Interaction between Field Dependent/Independent Learning Styles and Learners' Linguality in Third Language Acquisition Correspondence author: Maghshudi, Mojtaba   Author e-mail address: maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816551 ProQuest document ID: 85666854 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85666854?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Use of the Roman Script in India Author: Gupta, Renu11 Center Language Research, U Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Fukushima, Japan renu@u-aizu.ac.jp Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 5,  (May 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85668490?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper describes domains in India where the Roman script is used to write Indian languages. Although one function is to write languages for which there is no written script, the Roman script has other functions -- as an icon & an index (Kurzon, 2003) & for wider communication. This paper explores these functions & describes some domains where the Roman script is used in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Writing Systems (98800); India (35100); Social Functions of Language (79925); Iconicity (33630); Indic Languages (35300); Dravidian Languages (19800); Written Language (98900) Classification: 5310: orthography, writing systems; orthography, writing systems Supplemental data: 14 pages. Title: Use of the Roman Script in India Correspondence author: Gupta, Renu   Author e-mail address: renu@u-aizu.ac.jp Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200817183 ProQuest document ID: 85668490 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85668490?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning English As Third Language-A Comparative Study between Iranian and Indian Bilinguals Author: Maghsudi, Mojtaba11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Mysore maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 6,  (June 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85663227?accountid=50982 Abstract: The acquisition of more than two language systems leads to the development of new skills such as learning how to learn. It also facilitates subsequent additional language acquisition as learners use meta-linguistic awareness to explore the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms underlying language. In the present study, by employing the Two-way ANOVA, results indicated that Indian bilingual students performed significantly better than Iranian bilingual students in General English Proficiency and Grammatical Judgment Test. It further indicated that the correlation effect between the countries and gender was significant in General English Proficiency Test, while it was non-significant in Grammatical Judgment Test. Adapted from the source document Subject: Metalinguistic Awareness (53180); Third Language Learning (89535); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English Proficiency (22335); India (35100); Iran (38300); Bilingualism (08850) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 12 pages. Title: Learning English As Third Language-A Comparative Study between Iranian and Indian Bilinguals Correspondence author: Maghsudi, Mojtaba   Author e-mail address: maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 6 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816552 ProQuest document ID: 85663227 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85663227?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effects of Age on the Ability to Learn English As a Second Language Author: Dadabhai, Mariam Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 6,  (June 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85664626?accountid=50982 Abstract: The idea that there is an age factor in language development has long been, and continues to be a constant debated topic. In this dissertation which examines the relationship of age to second language acquisition, we begin with a literature review, followed by briefly revisiting some of the early perspectives on the issue of age being a factor in language development, and it goes on to explore some of the relevant findings which emerged when comparing the English language of two adults of different ages who migrated from India. These two participants were tested on a wide variety of structures of the English language, by analysing their conversations in English in a natural situation, demonstrating a clear and strong advantage for young age over the older age. The dissertation concludes with a short discussion -- in the light of the foregoing -- of the notion that there may be not one, but a number, of age-related factors that affects second language acquisition. Substantial interest surrounds the question of how age affects second language acquisition. This is a particularly intriguing question for educators who must develop appropriate curricula and instructional strategies for refugees and immigrants of different ages who are entering this country. Unfortunately, too little is known about language acquisition in general to allow us to say definitively that X or Y makes acquisition easy at one age or difficult at another. A word of caution is necessary at the outset: generalisations about the relationship of age and language acquisition are treacherous for two obvious reasons. First, people of the same age do not share all the same characteristics. We can speak of a typical 16-year-old or an average 41-year-old, but we have to keep in mind that a norm or an ideal may be as much fiction as fact in the real world. Among people of the same age, differences in attitudes, abilities, knowledge, and skills make generalisations about learners' indefinable. Second, there is no uniform pattern of development that everyone follows. Even if we could say that everyone eventually achieves certain characteristics, it is clear that there is no common route to be followed. Knowledge and skill are acquired by each of us according to a highly individual map. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Age Differences (01150); English Proficiency (22335); English Language Learners (22310); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Individual Differences (35390) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 55 pages. Title: The Effects of Age on the Ability to Learn English As a Second Language Correspondence author: Dadabhai, Mariam   Author e-mail address: mazflopuk@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 6 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816514 ProQuest document ID: 85664626 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85664626?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Languages of School-Going Children-A Sample Survey in Mysore Author: Shanbal, Jayashree C1; Prema, K S1 All India Instit Speech & Hearing, Mysore, India jshanbal@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 6,  (June 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85668430?accountid=50982 Abstract: This report covers the findings of a survey conducted to estimate the number of children with different native language background studying in schools with English as the medium of instruction in Mysore city, Karnataka, India. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire method. A total of 5 schools in Mysore city were surveyed. The results of the survey showed that most of the children (around 67.9%) came from Kannada as their native language background, followed by Tamil (9.4%), Hindi (9.4%), Malayalam (7.5%) and Telugu (5.7%). Adapted from the source document Subject: Dravidian Languages (19800); Hindi (31950); India (35100); Native Language (56390); Students (84750); Language of Instruction (43180); English (21900) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, bilingual education Supplemental data: 14 pages. Title: Languages of School-Going Children-A Sample Survey in Mysore Correspondence author: Shanbal, Jayashree C   Author e-mail address: jshanbal@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 6 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: Eng lish Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816317 ProQuest document ID: 85668430 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85668430?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Memorization-A Constraint for Integrating Critical Thinking Skills into Indian ESL Classrooms Author: Ponniah, R Joseph11 Dept English, Mepco Engineering Coll, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India joseph_pnnh@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 7,  (July 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85663021?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the learning experience of students in ESL classrooms in India. In ESL classrooms, students are trained to use the rote-learned material as chunks to meet the requirement of examinations. This practice of learning an L2 will not allow them to critically think and present their thoughts in English. Consequently, they find it difficult to speak and write on their own. If they are given enough input inside and outside classrooms, they can develop fluency in the target language. The study reveals that they listen to L1 most of the time in classrooms and they are not given enough input in L2. Therefore, it is suggested that a new methodology, which gives input in L2 and which encourages students to generate ideas, is essential to replace the existing method of drilling them to memorize dictated notes. Adapted from the source document Subject: Memorization (52700); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Cognitive Processes (12950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Supplemental data: 6 pages. Title: Memorization-A Constraint for Integrating Critical Thinking Skills into Indian ESL Classrooms Correspondence author: Ponniah, R Joseph   Author e-mail address: joseph_pnnh@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816479 ProQuest document ID: 85663021 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85663021?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning and Teaching Tamil in Singapore-An Argument in Favor of Engaged Learning and Emphasis on Spoken Tamil Author: Thirumalai, M S11 St. John's Elementary School, Tamilnadu, India mthirumalai@comcast.net Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 10,  (October 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662353?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this article on Tamil, I present a review of the structure and content of Tamil textbooks that were/are prepared and used in Singapore. This review aims at identifying some of the very interesting features of the Tamil textbooks in use in Singapore. The review was presented as my Keynote address to the Seminar/worshop organized by the Tamil Curriculum Development Cell of the Ministry of Education, Government of Singapore in 2006. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tamil (87650); Singapore (78900); Language Textbooks (44300); Text Analysis (89100); Native Language Instruction (56400); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, bilingual education Title: Learning and Teaching Tamil in Singapore-An Argument in Favor of Engaged Learning and Emphasis on Spoken Tamil Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: mthirumalai@comcast.net Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816322 ProQuest document ID: 85662353 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662353?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Urdu Figurative Language and Creativity in Pakistani English Author: Anwar, Behzad11 Centre Advanced Research English, U Birmingham, UK behzad_215@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 10,  (October 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85689539?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the use of the Urdu figurative language in Pakistani English. Based on the written data from Pakistani English newspapers and magazines, this paper aims to show how Urdu similes, metaphors, fixed collocations, cultural and social expressions are involved in creating uniqueness in Pakistani English. This particular area of codeswitching has not yet been investigated in Pakistani English. This brief paper is an attempt to fill this gap. It would certainly encourage the other researchers to explore this phenomenon in detail. Urdu figurative language has potential to penetrate in Pakistani English since Urdu has a strong presence in the minds of the Pakistani Urdu-English bilinguals. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); South Asian English (80810); Rhetorical Figures (73400); Creativity (Linguistics) (15900); Code Switching (12650); Pakistan (62200); Bilingualism (08850); Mass Media (51500) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact Supplemental data: 11 pages. Title: Urdu Figurative Language and Creativity in Pakistani English Correspondence author: Anwar, Behzad   Author e-mail address: behzad_215@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200817007 ProQuest document ID: 85689539 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85689539?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Strategic Reading in L1 and L2-One System of Two Systems? Author: Talebi, Seyed Hassan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 11,  (November 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85692124?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study intends to determine whether strategic reading in L1 differs from that of L2 or not. In other words, whether there are two systems for strategic reading in L1 & L2 or one system for both L1 & L2. To this end, a test of English language proficiency was distributed among students to have two groups of intermediate & advanced proficiency levels. The subjects were put into control & experimental groups. Then reading comprehension tests in Persian & English as pretests were given to the students followed by a reading comprehension strategy questionnaire to determine what strategies students employed while reading in L1 & L2. The experimental group received strategy instruction in L1 & after the treatment the posttest was given to the students. The obtained results showed that the reading strategy awareness can be the same in L1 & L2 at two proficiency levels of intermediate & advanced. However, the reading ability of students in L1 & L2 was differently affected by the L1 reading strategy instruction. In other words, the same improvements in L1 reading performance were not observed in L2 reading as a result of L1 reading strategy instruction. Therefore, the reading strategy awareness in L1 & L2 can be one system but the reading performance is not necessarily the same in L1 & L2. Pedagogically, through reading strategy instruction in L1 our students can benefit from an increase in the reading strategy awareness in L1 & L2 without receiving any instruction in L2. However, in order to improve the L2 reading ability students need to be familiarized with the effective use of reading strategies in L2 classes with the L2 code. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Processes (71150); Native Language (56390); English as a Second Language (22100); Persian (63700); Reading Tests (71550); English Language Learners (22310); Second Language Reading (75930) Classification: 4120: applied linguistics; reading testing Supplemental data: 15 pages. Title: Strategic Reading in L1 and L2-One System of Two Systems? Correspondence author: Talebi, Seyed Hassan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-07-01 Accession number: 200912592 ProQuest document ID: 85692124 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85692124?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Attitude and Motivation in English Language Learning-A Study of Female Learners of Southern Punjab Author: Akram, Muhammad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 11,  (November 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700083?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study explores the attitude and motivation of the female English language learners towards English language learning. The participants comprised 9 female English Language Learners in Southern Punjab which is considered the primitive area of Punjab and the females are not provided many chances to carry their education at further or higher level. On the one hand, the present study explores the attitude and motivation of these learners and on the other their desire to learn foreign languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: English Language Learners (22310); Females (24000); Attitudes (05450); Motivation (55580); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); India (35100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 23 pages. Title: Attitude and Motivation in English Language Learning-A Study of Female Learners of Southern Punjab Correspondence author: Akram, Muhammad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-07-01 Accession number: 200912765 ProQuest document ID: 85700083 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700083?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ELT in Higher Education in Iran and India-A Critical Review Author: Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Hassan11 Post-Graduate Dept English, U Mysore, Karnataka, India mhhosseini2002@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 12,  (December 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662878?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper seeks to mirror the present contexts of learning in Education in general, and in ELT sphere in particular -- from a critical point of view -- in countries like Iran and India. It deals with statement of facts and tries to profile the deficiencies of language learning classes occasioned by the traditional lecture method. The destructive impacts of the present traditional modes of instruction have been spotlighted, both at class level and social/global level. Against this backdrop, the author endeavours to recalibrate educational policy makers and language specialists' attention from the traditional approach and even Communicative Approach, which is whimsically promulgated in recent years, towards some more pragmatic solutions to our present socio-educational problems. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Educational Policy (20940); Iran (38300); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Supplemental data: 11 pages. Title: ELT in Higher Education in Iran and India-A Critical Review Correspondence author: Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Hassan   Author e-mail address: mhhosseini2002@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816452 ProQuest document ID: 85662878 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662878?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Status and Teaching of English in Pakistan Author: Akram, Muhammad1; Mahmood, Anser1 Dept English (Applied Linguistics), Islamia U Bahawalpur, Pakistan Muhammadakram80@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 7, Iss. 12,  (December 2007). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85665957?accountid=50982 Abstract: There are more than 60 languages spoken in Pakistan. Urdu is the official and the national language of Pakistan whereas English is co-official language of Pakistan. The present paper highlights the status and significance of English language learning and teaching in Pakistan on the one hand and the attitude of different social classes towards English language in Pakistan on the other. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Official Languages (60500); Language Attitudes (41800); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Pakistan (62200); Language Status (43920) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics Supplemental data: 7 pages. Title: The Status and Teaching of English in Pakistan Correspondence author: Akram, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: Muhammadakram80@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Publication year: 2007 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816086 ProQuest document ID: 85665957 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85665957?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Linguistic Profile in Multi-Infarct Dementia-A Case Study Author: Chengappa, Shyamala1; Ravi, Sunil Kumar; Jennifer, Carmel1 All India Instit Speech & Hearing, Mysore, India shyamalakc@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 2,  (February 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85665960?accountid=50982 Abstract: Multi-Infarct Dementia (MID) is defined as a disorder involving deterioration in mental function caused by changes or damage to the brain tissues from lack of oxygen as a result of multiple blood clots through out the brain. Symptoms can range from amnesia, visuospatial deficits and aphasia from cortical lesions to memory impairment. The main aim of the present study is to draw attention of speech language pathologists, linguists and other professionals towards the nature of the language and cognitive deficits associated with MID and to profile the language deficits in MID. For this study, the authors had taken a subject who was diagnosed as having MID with onset prior to 6 months. The subject was assessed on Cognitive Linguistic Assessment Protocol in Kannada, Linguistic Profile Test in Kannada, Revised Token Test and Western Aphasia Battery in Kannada. The results were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and interpreted. The subject exhibited deficits like word finding difficulty, reduced mental abilities, and syntactic deficits, deficits in executing verbal commands like confusion of colors, sizes and objects. The present study revealed that patients with MID will have significant co-occurrence of language and cognition deficits. There is a greater need to identify them as soon as possible and the treatment should be started to slow down the further worsening of the disorder as there is no treatment that cures dementia. And also we should have more controlled studies to get to know about the language and cognitive deficits in patients with MID so that different treatment programs can be developed. Adapted from the source document Subject: Dementia (18020); Language Pathology (43250); Kannada (40400); Cognitive Processes (12950); Language Therapy (44400) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language-pathological and normal Supplemental data: 8 pages. Title: Linguistic Profile in Multi-Infarct Dementia-A Case Study Correspondence author: Chengappa, Shyamala   Author e-mail address: shyamalakc@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200817496 ProQuest document ID: 85665960 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85665960?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Attitudes towards English among Malaysian Undergraduates Author: Rahman, A R M Mostafizar11 Khulna U, Bangladesh mostafiz123@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 2,  (February 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671710?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is a continuing debate on the status and use of English in Malaysia. Historically, English has experienced a rise and fall of its status and importance here. This is because of the change of attitudes towards the language in the passage of time. Thus, the researcher found it relevant to profile Malaysians undergraduates' contemporary attitude towards English. The purpose of this study was to investigate Malaysian undergraduates' attitudes towards English since this group of people is considered an important source of human capital in the development of the nation. Data for this study was collected through a questionnaire survey administered upon a sample of UPM (University Putra Malaysia) undergraduates and analyzed them quantitatively. The findings revealed that the respondents showed positive attitudes towards English. They also felt that Malaysian variety of English should be standardized. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Attitudes (41800); College Students (13250); Malaysia (50800); Language Status (43920); English as an International Language (22200); New Englishes (57455) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Supplemental data: 14 pages. Title: Attitudes towards English among Malaysian Undergraduates Correspondence author: Rahman, A R M Mostafizar   Author e-mail address: mostafiz123@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200817304 ProQuest document ID: 85671710 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671710?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learners' Strategies, Preferences and Styles in Learning English as a Foreign Language: A Study on the Preferences of Higher Secondary Students in Bangladesh Author: Hoque, M Enamul11 Dept Forest Education & Training Wing, Ministry Environment & Forest, Government Bangladesh enamul_ju@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 3,  (March 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667193?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the learning strategies, preferences, and styles of Higher Secondary students in Bangladesh. For this purpose, 130 students were randomly selected from 10 Higher Secondary colleges to state their views through a questionnaire as to how they preferred learning English as a foreign language. The findings of the study revealed significant results suggesting a closer co-operation between students and teachers as to how learning activities should be arranged and practiced in the English class. Adapted from the source document Subject: Learning Strategies (46000); Cognitive Style (13100); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); High School Students (31700); Bangladesh (07450); Student Attitudes (84725) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 13 pages. Title: Learners' Strategies, Preferences and Styles in Learning English as a Foreign Language: A Study on the Preferences of Higher Secondary Students in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Hoque, M Enamul   Author e-mail address: enamul_ju@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Sch olarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816527 ProQuest document ID: 85667193 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667193?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Use and Rankings of Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Indian EFL Learners Author: Nemati, Azadeh11 Dept Linguistics, U Mysore, India azadehnematiar@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 4,  (April 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667304?accountid=50982 Abstract: Since by far vocabulary is the most unmanageable part of language, on the other hand, the most important part the present study seeks to shed some light on vocabulary learning strategies. To achieve this goal, the effects of two variables of proficiency and gender on the use of vocabulary learning strategies by a sample group of Indian pre-university learners were studied. The descriptive analysis of the result showed that, first of all, students were not familiar with different ways of vocabulary learning strategies as reported by themselves. Then, both genders use some selected vocabulary learning strategies more or less in the same rank; while, high proficiency students made use of those strategies of higher frequency. In addition, they also use strategies which according to Depth of Processing Hypothesis are appropriate for deep processing which leads to better retention of vocabulary. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Vocabulary Learning (76170); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Strategies (46000); English Proficiency (22335); Sex Differences (77850); High School Students (31700); India (35100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 11 pages. Title: Use and Rankings of Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Indian EFL Learners Correspondence author: Nemati, Azadeh   Author e-mail address: azadehnematiar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816562 ProQuest document ID: 85667304 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667304?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Transfer of Conjunctions in ESL Writing Author: Husain, Kausar1; Wahid, Rizwana1 Dept English, Aligarh Muslim U, India kausar05husain@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 4,  (April 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667444?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study has sought to examine the transfer of conjunctions from L1 to L2 in the writing of ESL students. The study was conducted on fifteen Hindi/Urdu speaking students of class XIth and XIIth of Aligarh Muslim University, who were given to write three types of compositions: descriptive, narrative and expository first in their L1, and then were required to translate them into English. The results of the study showed that of all the conjunctions used by the students in their L2 scripts, 86.46% were the result of transfer. Of all the transferred conjunctions on the other hand, the percentage of positively transferred conjunctions was 99.29%. This suggests that learners learn heavily in the process of transfer in their use of conjunctions in L2 writing, since connecting sentences logically together in a coherent whole is an inherent cognitive ability shared by all humans. It also implies then that providing the students with L2 equivalents of L1 conjunctions should be adequate for their successful transfer to L2 production; and precious time spent in the teaching of the use of conjunctions in the current ESL pedagogy can be devoted to other more important areas. Adapted from the source document Subject: Linguistic Interference (47500); Conjunctions (14650); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Second Language Writing (76180); Hindi (31950); College Students (13250); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 19 pages. Title: Transfer of Conjunctions in ESL Writing Correspondence author: Husain, Kausar   Author e-mail address: kausar05husain@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816530 ProQuest document ID: 85667444 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667444?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Patterns of Language Choice in the Domain of Office among the Malaysian University Undergraduates Author: Rahman, A R M Mostafizar11 Dept English Discipline, Khulna U, Bangladesh mostafiz123@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 5,  (May 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662315?accountid=50982 Abstract: The choice of a code in a multilingual context, that is, 'who speaks what language to whom, when, where and even why?' is a complex task and it depends upon different variables such as language user's social background, linguistic profile, profession, educational background, attitudes and social domains. This study investigated the patterns of language choice in the domain of office among University Putra Malaysia (UPM) undergraduates and examined the relationship between their patterns of language choice, and language proficiency, gender and ethnicity. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed them quantitatively using SPSS. The findings show that the respondents, especially non-Malays, are inclined to the use of English in the domain of office where Bahasa Melayu holds a constitutionally designated legitimate status as official language of Malaysia and the choice is influenced by language proficiency and ethnicity of the respondents. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Use (44610); College Students (13250); Malaysia (50800); Language Proficiency (43570); Sex Differences (77850); Cultural Background (16350); Malay (50740); English (21900) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, bilingual education Supplemental data: 16 pages. Title: Patterns of Language Choice in the Domain of Office among the Malaysian University Undergraduates Correspondence author: Rahman, A R M Mostafizar   Author e-mail address: mostafiz123@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816314 ProQuest document ID: 85662315 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85662315?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Transfer in Thanking and Apologizing in English: A Study on ESL Speakers of Hindustani Author: Husain, Kausar1; Wahid, Rizwana1 Dept English, Aligarh Muslim U, India kausar05_husain@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 5,  (May 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671990?accountid=50982 Abstract: Thanking and apologizing are two of the most commonly used speech acts and have the element of indebtedness as their common feature. A small scale study comprising 30 ESL undergraduate students of A.M.U. was conducted to examine the role of L1 transfer on the performance of these two speech acts. The results revealed that Hindi/Urdu speaking ESL students do not face any serious problems in expressing their thanks and apologies in English. Whatever problems they face, mostly lie in their lack of adequate command on L2 vocabulary and structures. Adapted from the source document Subject: Speech Acts (82400); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Linguistic Interference (47500); Hindi (31950); College Students (13250); Second Language Vocabulary Learning (76170) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 18 pages. Title: The Role of Transfer in Thanking and Apologizing in English: A Study on ESL Speakers of Hindustani Correspondence author: Husain, Kausar   Author e-mail address: kausar05_husain@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816529 ProQuest document ID: 85671990 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671990?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Measuring the Achievements of English Language Learners: A Study of the Learners of Punjab in Pakistan at the Secondary Level Author: Ghani, Mamuna1; Akram, Muhammad; Mahmood, Anser1 Dept English (Applied Linguistics), Islamia U Bahawalpur, Pakistan mamunaghani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 5,  (May 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85674413?accountid=50982 Abstract: Learning a foreign language is really an uphill task in the true sense of the word. The present study serves the two purposes i.e. on one hand, it shows the learners' achievements based on a test (paper) prepared by BISE (Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education) Sargodha, and on the other hand it explores the pattern of the test (paper) to check the students' potential to learn a foreign language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Secondary School Students (76400); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing Supplemental data: 9 pages. Title: Measuring the Achievements of English Language Learners: A Study of the Learners of Punjab in Pakistan at the Secondary Level Correspondence author: Ghani, Mamuna   Author e-mail address: mamunaghani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Languageof publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816207 ProQuest document ID: 85674413 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85674413?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Research Report on Engineering Students' Performance in English Language Speaking Test Author: Narayanan, R1; Nair, N Rajesekaran; Iyyappan, S1 Asan Memorial Coll Engineering & Technology, Tamilnadu, India narayanan_8268@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 6,  (June 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85665271?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper focuses on a research study made with 408 students of various engineering colleges in and around Chennai in India. It identified that female students have performed better than male students in speaking ability test in English language. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Tests (22150); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Oral Language (61300); College Students (13250); India (35100); Sex Differences (77850) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing Supplemental data: 8 pages. Title: A Research Report on Engineering Students' Performance in English Language Speaking Test Correspondence author: Narayanan, R   Author e-mail address: narayanan_8268@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 6 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816219 ProQuest document ID: 85665271 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85665271?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ What Is Necessary in Pre-Planned Materials? Author: Gutierrez-Colon, Mar11 Dept English & German Studies, U Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain mar.gutierrezcolon@urv.cat Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 6,  (June 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667192?accountid=50982 Abstract: The following paper analyzes the role of pre-planned materials in foreign language classes. It starts presenting different views on how class materials should be analyzed. The paper continues showing a specific criteria (Ur's criteria) for analyzing course materials. This criteria will then be re-evaluated by a group of students of the course English Teaching Methodology at the University Rovira i Virgili (Spain). Finally, the results and conclusion will be presented. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); College Students (13250); Spain (81750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Supplemental data: 15 pages. Title: What Is Necessary in Pre-Planned Materials? Correspondence author: Gutierrez-Colon, Mar   Author e-mail address: mar.gutierrezcolon@urv.cat Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 6 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816445 ProQuest document ID: 85667192 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85667192?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Action Research: Innovations beyond Imposition in Foreign/Second Language Teaching "Practice to Theorize to Practice" Author: Ali, Robatjazi Mohammad11 Dept Linguistics, U Mysore, India robatjazy_dr@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 6,  (June 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671713?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main premise of this paper is to highlight the significance and outcome of a nearly ignored or forgotten phenomenon in the domain of teaching and learning enterprise and arouse the dynamic potentialities teachers as professional researchers possess in action. Macro-linguistics has already paved the way for micro-linguistics where action research can serve as a systematic and planned inquiry of theory into practice and as an approach to promoting education through transition, and where the researcher searches for information and practical knowledge which encourage the teachers to grow adventurous and critical in their beliefs and reflection so that they can develop theories, draw premises, and dig rationales for their action or practice in their actual teaching milieus. Action research with a systematically designed framework helps teachers give reasoned justification for their public claims to professional knowledge. Action research autonomously helps teachers acknowledge their leadership roles to promote and support their own reflective programmes and contribute to their repertoire they enjoy on teaching and learning different subjects and terminate their thoughts and reflection in practice which [will] serves as a basis for a prospective theory. Since language development with all its perspectives is a socially criterion-based enterprise, it should be studied, investigated, researched and analyzed where it is manipulated as a subject matter of learning and teaching. Foreign and second language teaching, though different on some grounds, share basic and fundamental principles that go hand in hand in the real action research milieu. Finally, I contemplate to end the paper with a case-in-point reflecting on the experience in my own career as an EFL teacher (17 years of experience) in high school level touching upon an experiential, individual action research. Adapted from the source document Subject: Action Research (00240); Research Design (72950); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Secondary Education (76300); Second Language Teachers (76120); Cognitive Processes (12950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Supplemental data: 10 pages. Title: Action Research: Innovations beyond Imposition in Foreign/Second Language Teaching "Practice to Theorize to Practice" Correspondence author: Ali, Robatjazi Mohammad   Author e-mail address: robatjazy_dr@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 6 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-11-01 Accession number: 200816421 ProQuest document ID: 85671713 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671713?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Use of Layout in Malay Language Newspapers' Front Pages Author: Rajandran, Kumaran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 7,  (July 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85670978?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with the use of layout in Malay Language Newspapers' (MLN) front pages. It examines front pages as they are the face of MLN and are commonly seen by readers. Layout concerns the placement of elements in space that consists of framing, salience and information value. This paper posits two questions: How is layout used in MLN front pages? How do image and language interact via layout? These questions are answered using front pages from MLN in Malaysia and Indonesia. MLN front pages might seem aesthetic or haphazard to some but layout tries to make sense of them systematically. Layout recognizes that image and language elements placed in different parts of front pages gives them different values and hence different meanings. This also influences the roles of image and language in front pages and their inter-relations. These elements are not simply placed in front pages as designers have to exploit the space they have to create front pages that are cohesive and coherent. It is ultimately seen that layout helps make sense of MLN front pages. Its dynamic nature is seen that is also responsive to MLN genre and social practice. Adapted from the source document Subject: Newspapers (57800); Malay (50740); Mass Media (51500); Editing (20850); Text Analysis (89100) Classification: 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media Supplemental data: 16 pages. Title: The Use of Layout in Malay Language Newspapers' Front Pages Correspondence author: Rajandran, Kumaran   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-12-01 Accession number: 200818828 ProQuest document ID: 85670978 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85670978?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Exploring Ethnolinguistic Vitality-A Case Study of Lepchas in Dzongu Valley Author: Dattamajumdar, Satarupa Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 7,  (July 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671937?accountid=50982 Abstract: The recent comments on the gradual loss of influence of the Lepcha language on the Lepcha community trigger our attention for an intimate look at the Lepcha speech community. According to Landweer (2008), 'The indicators of ethno-linguistic vitality are a collection of factors that have been documented in sociolinguistic literature -- have been useful in indicating the probable direction a speech community will go relative to the maintenance of, or shift from, its traditional language. No one factor has become a leading indicator of linguistic vitality. Whether a language appears to be 'maintained' or 'dying' depends on the collective impact of positive or negative indicators that place the language on a continuum of stable vitality, change in process due to other-language interference, radical shift in process, and death. As such, language maintenance and shift are long-term consequences of consistent patterns of language choice throughout the speech community.' This paper examines the ethno-linguistic vitality of the speech community with special reference to the Lepchas of Dzongu valley, 'the prime Lepcha reserve' in North Sikkim. In order to explore the endangered situation of the language, the probable direction of language maintenance and shift, towards which the speech community is proceeding has been studied, keeping in view the socio-political aspects of Lepcha life and its impact on the Lepcha language and culture across time in the multilingual setting. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); India (35100); Speech Communities (82410); Endangered Languages (21760); Language Maintenance (42950); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Supplemental data: 18 pages. Title: Exploring Ethnolinguistic Vitality-A Case Study of Lepchas in Dzongu Valley Correspondence author: Dattamajumdar, Satarupa   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-12-01 Accession number: 200818852 ProQuest document ID: 85671937 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85671937?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Survival of the Minority Kristang Language in Malaysia Author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed; Mohideen, Shamimah Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 7,  (July 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85673255?accountid=50982 Abstract: Kristang, also known as the Malaccan Portuguese Creole, has a strong influence of Portuguese, together with the Malay language which is the dominant local language in Malaysia and the Malay-speaking region in Southeast Asia. This Creole is spoken by a microscopic minority of Catholic Christians who are descendants of Portuguese colonizers and Asian settlers in Malacca. Malacca was once a historically renowned state and empire which was coveted by major European powers. The Dutch followed the Portuguese and the last were the British. Because of the very small number of Kristang community members (1200) in the present Portuguese Settlement assigned to them by the authorities, the Kristang language is clearly a language struggling to survive. Its vocabulary is largely Portuguese-based, with a substantial contribution from the Malay language. It has also borrowed from the languages of other colonial European powers. Their vocabulary also includes some loan words from Chinese and Indian languages. This minority language may yet be maintained with the fervent effort of the few thousand remaining Kristang speakers and the Malaysian government, particularly the state government of Melaka (or Malacca). Kristang is a legacy and heritage left by the faraway Portuguese to Malaysian history. It would be tragic and unfortunate if this heritage is lost, to Malaysians in general and the tiny Portuguese community in Malaysia, in particular. Adapted from the source document Subject: Creoles (16150); Malaysia (50800); Malay (50740); Endangered Languages (21760); Portuguese (66800); Language Attrition (41805); Speech Communities (82410) Classification: 5120: descriptive linguistics; creole studies Supplemental data: 19 pages. Title: Survival of the Minority Kristang Language in Malaysia Correspondence author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-12-01 Accession number: 200818733 ProQuest document ID: 85673255 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85673255?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Syntactic Errors in English Committed by Indian Undergraduate Students Author: Khansir, Ali Akbar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 7,  (July 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85682310?accountid=50982 Abstract: In a second language or foreign language situation 'errors' explain the learner's inability to use appropriate grammatical structures, semantic categories and other linguistic units. This paper deals with 'errors' in second language especially at the sentence level. A test was administered to a group of one hundred college students enrolled in Second Year B.Com at Mysore University. The sentence lays more stress on the structural aspects of language. It aims at developing grammatical competence in learners. This study aims to classify 'errors' made by the students at the sentence levels such as: Auxiliary verbs, passive and tenses. The research shows errors committed in the use of auxiliary verbs, passive forms and tenses. The paper suggests remedial measures regarding type of errors committed by the students. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); India (35100); College Students (13250); Sentences (77450) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 12 pages. Title: Syntactic Errors in English Committed by Indian Undergraduate Students Correspondence author: Khansir, Ali Akbar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2008-12-01 Accession number: 200818400 ProQuest document ID: 85682310 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85682310?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effect of Transfer on Requesting in English-A Study on ESL Speakers of Hindustani Author: Husain, Kausar; Wahid, Rizwana Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 8,  (August 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705251?accountid=50982 Abstract: A quantitative case study comprising thirty undergraduate ESL students of Aligarh Muslim University with a Hindi/Urdu background was conducted to investigate the role of socio-cultural and socio-linguistic transfer on the speech act of requesting. The study revealed that Indian ESL students mostly make use of direct requests in speech as well as in writing. This makes their speech appear abrupt and rude in speech. However, in writing, the requests are softened by some formulaic terms transferred from the L1 sociolinguistic background, but which result in making the requests appear overly formal or artificial and strange according to native-speaker standards. The pedagogical implication of the study is that students need to be taught native speaker request forms in order to avoid embarrassment and offence when communicating in an L2 setting. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Questions (69930); Hindi (31950); Linguistic Interference (47500); Cultural Differences (16400); Cultural Instruction (16580) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Supplemental data: 17 pages. Title: The Effect of Transfer on Requesting in English-A Study on ESL Speakers of Hindustani Correspondence author: Husain, Kausar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 8 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-04-01 Accession number: 200900266 ProQuest document ID: 85705251 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705251?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Development and Validation of Needs Analysis Scale for Secondary School Teachers of English Author: Saxena, Vasundhra1; Satsangee, Nandita1 Dept Foundations Education, Faculty Education, Dayalbagh Educational Instit, Uttar Pradesh, India vasundhrasaxena@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 10,  (October 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705991?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study has been conducted to identify the Language and Pedagogical needs of teachers of English at secondary level. There are three phases in the study. In the first phase, an intensive review of literature related to English language teaching was done along with other measures for specification of the target skills required for efficient teaching of English. In the second phase, content validity of skills required was established through expert judgments and final draft of the Needs Analysis Scale (NAS) was prepared. In the final phase of the study, the reliability of the NAS was established through test-retest method. It is expected that the NAS will be of interest to trainers, curriculum designers & policy makers towards the goals of English language teaching (ELT) in the native as well as non-native context. The scale will be further used to analyze the prioritized needs of the profession to design an innovative curriculum for pre-service teachers of English studying in B.Ed course in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Native Language Instruction (56400); English (21900); Secondary Education (76300); Teachers (87860); Rating Scales (70250); Curriculum Planning (16780); Teacher Education (87850); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Supplemental data: 26 pages. Title: Development and Validation of Needs Analysis Scale for Secondary School Teachers of English Correspondence author: Saxena, Vasundhra   Author e-mail address: vasundhrasaxena@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 10 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916234 ProQuest document ID: 85705991 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705991?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Intuition and Insight for Professional Development-Reflective Practice Using Teaching Diaries Author: Lakshmi, D Samrajya11 Dept English, Lakireddy Balireddy Coll Engineering, Mylavaram Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 10,  (October 2008). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715935?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language teaching in India poses various challenges for the teachers however trained or experienced in the field. Text book or prescribed material is the blind reference to most of the teachers of English. As such, the classroom teaching has become more like a passive, teacher-focused or examination-oriented process. The purpose of English teaching will be at cross roads if the teacher merely concentrates on making the learners get marks and pass the examination concerned, because it fails the learners to suit the global job market. The demands on the English teacher's professionalism have become greater now in the context of foreign universities making forays into our country. This will be much greater in the near future when the Indian higher education institutions compete with foreign traders in higher education, once GATS (General Agreement On Trade In Services) becomes fully operational. The teacher of English is called upon to develop the delivery-related skills in the undergraduate learner. As a result, the teacher is constantly under pressure to aim for her professional development in order to make the classroom teaching effective and student friendly. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Teachers (76120); India (35100); Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Globalization (28120); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Supplemental data: 8 pages. Title: Intuition and Insight for Professional Development-Reflective Practice Using Teaching Diaries Correspondence author: Lakshmi, D Samrajya   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 10 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916232 ProQuest document ID: 85715935 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715935?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Use of Setswana As a Medium of Instruction, a Core Subject and a National Language: Is It Not a Negation of Affirmative Action? A Study of Botswana Linguistic Situation Author: Jeremiah, Koketso11 Dept Languages & Social Sciences Education, U Botswana, Gaborone Jeremiahk@mopipi.ub.bw Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 11,  (November 2008): 398-415. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704882?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the use of Setswana as a medium of instruction and as a core subject in primary schools, as a core subject and a medium of instruction in junior and senior secondary schools in Botswana, and as a national language. It argues that when Setswana is used as a medium of instruction and as a core subject in primary schools, students whose mother tongue is not Setswana are academically and culturally disadvantaged, and when it is used as a medium of instruction and as a core subject in junior and senior secondary schools, non-native Setswana students are also academically and culturally disadvantaged. It further argues that when Setswana is used as a national language, non-native Setswana speakers are disadvantaged in other spheres of life, for example, in employment. It gives examples of language policies that Botswana can adopt to solve the problems posed by its current language policy. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bantu Languages (07510); Language Use (44610); Language of Instruction (43180); Botswana (09320); Language Policy (43450); Educational Policy (20940); Elementary Education (21500); Secondary Education (76300); Social Factors (79910) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: The Use of Setswana As a Medium of Instruction, a Core Subject and a National Language: Is It Not a Negation of Affirmative Action? A Study of Botswana Linguistic Situation Correspondence author: Jeremiah, Koketso   Author e-mail address: Jeremiahk@mopipi.ub.bw Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Pages: 398-415 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916463 ProQuest document ID: 85704882 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704882?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of Idiomatic Expressions in Lurish and Persian Author: Touran, Kolsoum Ghaffari1; Talawar, Maruti R1 Dept Linguistics, U Mysore, Manasgangotri, India gh_tooran@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 11,  (November 2008): 425-440. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705703?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this research we attempted to show that Lurish as a main dialect of Indo-Iranian must be taken into consideration in linguistic research, since this dialect -- with more than four million speakers in a multilingual country -- can have a considerable influence on linguistic studies. The development of communication means and their influence on accents and dialects is ever-increasing, especially concerning native idoms and proverbs, which have been decreased in use and may be ignored completely in the future. In our research we discovered that, compared to older adults, young people usually cannot give the equivalent of a Persian idiom or proverb in their dialect. In addition, it is clear that the Lurs, because of their similar world view, religion, language origin, etc. with other Iranian tribes, have many similar idioms and proverbs that are different only in pronunciation, and sometimes in optional words. The results of the comparison between Persian and Lurish idioms showed that 71% of Persian idioms are used in Lurish dialect without any significant differences. In fact, the Lurs used such Persian idioms in their accent in order to be comprehensible to all Persian-speaking people. Adapted from the source document Subject: Idioms (34150); Proverbs (68865); Language Usage (44600); Persian (63700); Dialects (18750); Language Comparison (41950); Age Differences (01150); Language Change (41850); Cultural Background (16350) Classification: 5211: lexicography/lexicology; lexicology/phraseology Title: A Study of Idiomatic Expressions in Lurish and Persian Correspondence author: Touran, Kolsoum Ghaffari   Author e-mail address: gh_tooran@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Pages: 425-440 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916402 ProQuest document ID: 85705703 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705703?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Auxiliary Verb POO in Tamil and Telugu Author: Gantham, A Parimala11 Dept Lexicography, Telugu U, Hyderabad, India parimala11@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 11,  (November 2008): 416-424. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706168?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper the similarities and differences between the uses of the auxiliary verb poo in the Dravidian languages Tamil and Telugu are discussed. Also, some of the functions of poo when it follows the infinitive form, the verbal participle, and the past adverbial participle forms of the main verb are described for both languages. It is noted that, while the form is the same and while several functions and meanings expressed are the same in both languages, there are several interesting differences in their use and meanings. Though some of the functions are described and compared, further research is needed in order to achieve more accurate results for the comparison of these two languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Comparison (41950); Tamil (87650); Telugu (88320); Auxiliary Verbs (06950); Language Usage (44600); Syntactic Structures (86770); Word Order (97800); Meaning (52200) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: The Auxiliary Verb POO in Tamil and Telugu Correspondence author: Gantham, A Parimala   Author e-mail address: parimala11@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Pages: 416-424 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916351 ProQuest document ID: 85706168 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706168?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Survey of Factors Contributing to Language Change in English with Special Reference to Lexical Change Author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mahamed1; Mohideen, Shamimah1 Dept English Language & Literature, International Islamic U Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur deeneduc@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 11,  (November 2008): 441-463. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708382?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to create awareness among language users of the need to be current with our knowledge of lexis. Older and contemporary dictionaries as well as popular reading materials were used to investigate lexical change. It was found that certain lexical items had acquired additional meaning. Some were gradually being replaced with others. There was variation between varieties of English. Some were becoming old-fashioned in the modern context. Words which were considered formal were also used casually. Certain vocabulary items were unpredictable in meaning. It was also found that there were many euphemistic, non-sexist and new coinages. Language users, be they educators, students, journalists or concerned members of the public, need to be aware of ongoing lexical change for their academic and professional development. The language change described here is primarily with reference to Standard British English. References to other native varieties spoken by first language speakers of English and certain non-native varieties will be made where relevant. A brief mention of related changes in Bahasa Melayu/Bahasa Malaysia (BM), the major and national language spoken in Malaysia, will also be made, by way of comparison. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Change (41850); British English (09700); Semantic Change (76600); Lexicon (47150); Language Usage (44600); Meaning (52200); Language Varieties (44650); Formality (Language) (25290); Malaysia (50800) Classification: 5111: descriptive linguistics; diachronic linguistics Title: A Survey of Factors Contributing to Language Change in English with Special Reference to Lexical Change Correspondence author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mahamed   Author e-mail address: deeneduc@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Pages: 441-463 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916340 ProQuest document ID: 85708382 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708382?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Internet-Based Projects for Language Learning-A Student-Centered Approach Author: Ahluwalia, Gurleen11 Dept Applied Sciences, BBSB Engineering Coll, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India gurleenahluwalia@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 12,  (December 2008): 31-39. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705411?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article presents a student-centered approach of teaching English by making use of Internet-based projects. Whereas many educators enthusiastically embrace the use of Internet-based reading materials, little theoretical and empirical research exists that demonstrates how to make use of such practices in a sound pedagogical way. This article provides guidance to teachers and curriculum developers to integrating Internet-based reading materials into a language learning class. Based on concrete sample lessons, this article also describes the strengths of this approach from a pedagogical, technological and designer's point of view. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Internet (37500); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Reading Materials (71100); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Internet-Based Projects for Language Learning-A Student-Centered Approach Correspondence author: Ahluwalia, Gurleen   Author e-mail address: gurleenahluwalia@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Pages: 31-39 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916230 ProQuest document ID: 85705411 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705411?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evaluation of English-Manipuri Bilingual Dictionaries Author: Singh, Leihaorambam Sarbajit11 Dept Linguistics, Manipur U, Canchipur, India sarbajit.lei@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 12,  (December 2008): 1-30. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706689?accountid=50982 Abstract: The British started the history of Manipuri dictionaries during the colonial period. As a consequence, many dictionaries involving Manipuri have been compiled and published: mono-, bi- or trilingual. Bilingual and trilingual dictionaries with different combinations of Manipuri, English, Hindi, Bengali or other languages have been produced. So far fourteen English-Manipuri dictionaries, including glossaries, have been published. In fact, the lexicographical art in Manipuri is in its primal stages and Manipuri dictionaries that can match the high standards of dictionaries available in developed languages, are still a long way off. English-Manipuri dictionaries have mostly been compiled and edited by non-English speaking people as well as untrained lexicographers. Unfortunately, there are not many trained professionals working on Manipuri lexicography. The qualitative values of English-Manipuri dictionaries are rather poor, but any lexicographic work is highly appreciated. In this paper, an evaluation of the available English-Manipuri dictionaries will be made. Adapted from the source document Subject: Lexicography (46800); History of Lexicography (32147); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Bilingual Dictionaries (08700); English (21900); Dictionaries (18800); India (35100) Classification: 5210: lexicography/lexicology; lexicography Title: Evaluation of English-Manipuri Bilingual Dictionaries Correspondence author: Singh, Leihaorambam Sarbajit   Author e-mail address: sarbajit.lei@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Pages: 1-30 Number of pages: 30 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916398 ProQuest document ID: 85706689 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706689?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Materials Development in English As a Second Language in India-A Survey of Issues and Some Developments at the National Level Author: Meganathan, Rama11 Dept Languages, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi, India rama_meganathan@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 8, Iss. 12,  (December 2008): 446-464. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706720?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper presents some of the processes of recent curricular revision and materials development in English at the national level in India, especially as these relate to the initiatives of NCERT (National Council for Educational Research and Training). Teacher's needs and wants, their participation in the development of materials, the choices teachers have to make and their implications for classroom transactions are discussed from the experiences of one of the members of the textbooks development team of the NCERT. The paper attempts to answer the following questions: i. Should India need a textbook at the national level for teaching English as a Second Language? ii. Should methodology influence material or vice versa? iii. What can be material for textbooks in English in countries like India? iv. Can teachers prepare good materials? Is it possible to include materials development as part of professional development of teachers? An important aspect of this paper is the presentation of English language teachers' needs and wants as perceived by them and reported through various surveys. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Education (87850); Language Textbooks (44300); India (35100); Curriculum Planning (16780); Educational Policy (20940) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Materials Development in English As a Second Language in India-A Survey of Issues and Some Developments at the National Level Correspondence author: Meganathan, Rama   Author e-mail address: rama_meganathan@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Pages: 446-464 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2008 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-09-01 Accession number: 200916233 ProQuest document ID: 85706720 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706720?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Status of Urdu and Efforts and Strategies for Its Inclusion in the Mainstream of Indian Life Author: Patel, Mushtaq Ahmed I1; Ansari, Mohasina Anjum1 Maulana Azad National Urdu U, Andhra Pradesh, India patel.mushtaq@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 1,  (January 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85629264?accountid=50982 Abstract: Several misconceptions & prejudices about Urdu, an Indo-European, national language of India, are dispelled in this general description of its origins, current status, & efforts to include it into the mainstream of Indian life. Discussed are: (1) the meaning & etymology of the term "Urdu," (2) the amalgamation of foreign & South Asiatic elements in Urdu, (3) the history of the establishment of Urdu in India, (4) different theories on the origin of Urdu, (4) the various names in different periods & at different locations of Urdu, (5) census data on Urdu speakers, (6) policies & initiatives promoting Urdu in India, (7) obstacles to the implementation of Urdu-promoting policies, (8) Urdu protection in light of provisions on linguistic minorities' rights in India's Constitution, (9) Urdu in education & print media, & (10) low prestige of Urdu & its abandonment by native speakers. Suggestions for improving the status of Urdu in this country are made. References. Z. Dubiel Subject: Hindi (31950); Language Status (43920); Language Use (44610); India (35100); Language History (42600); Language Policy (43450); Minority Languages (54250); Language of Instruction (43180) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Status of Urdu and Efforts and Strategies for Its Inclusion in the Mainstream of Indian Life Correspondence author: Patel, Mushtaq Ahmed I   Author e-mail address: patel.mushtaq@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917827 ProQuest document ID: 85629264 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85629264?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Towards Education Reforms-Decolonizing English Studies in India Author: Rana, Sujata11 Dept English, CRM Jat Coll, Hisar, India sujju69rana@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 167-171. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85702364?accountid=50982 Abstract: Innovations & reforms in education invariably face a number of problems, but this discussion focuses on the Indian case & the fact that textbooks for learning the English language reflect too many hangovers from the British colonial period. The author contends that such textbooks generally represent a social climate & natural environment that are alien to Indian students, reflecting the language of British culture & history as well as flora & fauna, rather than the English of today's globalized society. S. Stanton Subject: Educational Policy (20940); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Language Textbooks (44300); Social Factors (79910); Globalization (28120); Colonialism (13410); India (35100) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: Towards Education Reforms-Decolonizing English Studies in India Correspondence author: Rana, Sujata   Author e-mail address: sujju69rana@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 167-171 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004810 ProQuest document ID: 85702364 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85702364?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Strategy-Based Scheme for Promoting Vocabulary Retention among Language Learners Author: Nemati, Azadeh11 Dept Studies Linguistics, U Mysore, India azadehnemtiar@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 119-137. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705157?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this article, different types of 'mnemonic' learning strategies, which according to 'Depth of Processing Hypothesis', are likely to help more on learning vocabulary and recalling later, are introduced. Also two different systematic ways of reviewing, namely, Oxford's spiraling and Pimsleur's memory schedule are explained. Finally, a practical scheme is introduced for budgeting classroom time as well as for better retention of the vocabulary items. It is recommended that teachers be informed of those learning strategies that can enhance vocabulary retention. Furthermore, it is proposed that the last 20-minute class time be preserved for the successful implementation of the first phase of systematic reviewing because it is the period during which most of forgetting takes place. It is also stated that the first phase of the scheme is implementable during the routine school hours which could be taken as an advantageous point concerning the proposed scheme. The way students must follow the other chains in the retention process is also illustrated using three tables. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Vocabulary Learning (94855); Retention (Memory) (73150); Learning Strategies (46000); Memory (52750); Teaching Methods (88150) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: A Strategy-Based Scheme for Promoting Vocabulary Retention among Language Learners Correspondence author: Nemati, Azadeh   Author e-mail address: azadehnemtiar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 119-137 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004853 ProQuest document ID: 85705157 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85705157?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ On Interrogating Language and Cognition Author: Dwivedi, Amitabh Vikram11 Faculty English, School Languages, Centre Philosophy/Culture/Languages, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi U, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, India amitabhvikram@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 155-166. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706855?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper interrogates language. My basic interest is to put forth a detailed linguistic analysis of the terms language, knowledge, meaning, and interpretation. The paper deals with them individually. Finally, it tries to break the vicious circle of binary oppositions and it also substitutes a rotary move (where language, knowledge, meaning and interpretation come one after another) to accommodate both cognition and language. It will provide readers with a perceptivity to connect the descriptive fragmentary textual chunks in a whole. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cognitive Linguistics (12900); Language (41500); Knowledge (40930); Meaning (52200); Functional Heads (26443) Classification: 4012: psycholinguistics; language and cognition/cognitive linguistics Title: On Interrogating Language and Cognition Correspondence author: Dwivedi, Amitabh Vikram   Author e-mail address: amitabhvikram@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 155-166 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004704 ProQuest document ID: 85706855 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85706855?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Onomatopoeic Words in Manipuri Author: Singh, H Dolen1; Singh, S Imoba1 North Eastern Regional Centre, Guwahati, Assam dolenhi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 1,  (January 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85707905?accountid=50982 Abstract: Following some general observations on onomatopoeias in natural languages, a detailed description of onomatopoeic words in Manipuri (Meithei), Sino-Tibetan, is given, providing examples of nouns, verbs, & lexical forms used as adverbs & adjectives. Onomatopoeic words produced by imitating sounds of animals, birds, or man-made objects & natural sounds in the environments are discussed. Total vs partial onomatopoeic words are distinguished. Manipuri compounds combining two roots, of which one is associated with a sound, are listed. It is concluded that onomatopoeias provide strong evidence for the universal nature of languages & may shed light on the origin of human languages. Several Manipuri zoonyms derive directly from onomatopoeias whose reduplicative form was reduced to a single element referring to the animal whose sound was imitated, eg, nijaw 'cat' from the onomatopoeia nijaw, nijaw. References. Z. Dubiel Subject: Onomatopoeia (60950); Sino Tibetan Languages (79100); Compound Words (13940); Language Universals (44550); Acoustics (00200); Reference (Semantic) (71970); Origin of Language (61550); Animals (03160); Lexical Semantics (46770) Classification: 4414: semantics; lexical semantics Title: Onomatopoeic Words in Manipuri Correspondence author: Singh, H Dolen   Author e-mail address: dolenhi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917233 ProQuest document ID: 85707905 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85707905?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Conceptualization of Nationalism through Language-An Analysis of Malaysian Situation Author: David, Maya Khemlani1; Tien, Wendy Yee Mei1 Faculty Languages & Linguistics, U Malaya, Malaysia mayadavid@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 1,  (January 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709297?accountid=50982 Abstract: Malaysia is a multiethnic society with people of many religions and languages. Ethnic diversity and polarization among the young has made the creation of a sense of national identity not only important but also urgent. After independence, the government drew up a National Language Policy to inculcate and nurture national consciousness among the diverse ethnic groups by promoting a common curriculum and a common language across the different types of schools to foster national unity and national identity. Bahasa Malaysia, the national language is used as the medium of instruction in national schools while in national type primary schools; it is taught as a compulsory subject. However, it is unclear if the use of the national language has had an impact on the formation of a national identity among Malaysians. A research study was conducted to compare the impact on two different groups of Malaysians (aged above 45 and under 30). The reasons for the focus on two different age groups will be explained. This paper will discuss the results and describe what patriotism and a sense of national identity means to these two groups of Malaysians. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Policy (43450); Cultural Identity (16570); Malaysia (50800); Language of Instruction (43180); Age Differences (01150); Multiculturalism (55635); Language Diversity (42350); Religions (72750) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Conceptualization of Nationalism through Language-An Analysis of Malaysian Situation Correspondence author: David, Maya Khemlani   Author e-mail address: mayadavid@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917786 ProQuest document ID: 85709297 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709297?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Shift among Singaporean Malayalee Families Author: Pillai, Anitha Devi Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 1,  (January 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709441?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper describes the language shift in the Singaporean Malayalee community by examining language choices and beliefs of three generations of Singaporean Malayalees. The changes in language choices of Singaporean Malayalees are a result of several sociopolitical factors that have taken place in the last 70 to 80 years. Several perspectives on language shift are analyzed in light of the data in this study. The study reveals that the members of the community who are below 50 years old are shifting from Malayalam to English and that Singaporean Malayalees are shifting from standard Malayalam to a hybrid variety of Malayalam described as Singaporean Malayalam. Adapted from the source document Subject: Malayalam (50770); Language Shift (43750); Families (23820); Language Use (44610); Beliefs (08100); Social Factors (79910); Political Factors (66453); English (21900); Singapore (78900) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Language Shift among Singaporean Malayalee Families Correspondence author: Pillai, Anitha Devi   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917829 ProQuest document ID: 85709441 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709441?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Learning Strategies-An Evaluation of Compensatory Strategies Author: Ogeyik, Muhlise Cosgun11 English Language Teaching Dept, Faculty Education, Trakya U, Edirne, Turkey muhlisecosgun@trakya.edu.tr Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 1,  (January 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712494?accountid=50982 Abstract: Learning strategies, which are presumed as goal oriented, purposeful and controlled behaviours encourage learners' performances in foreign language learning skills. In this context, use of the strategies can be considered as part of the assessment of learners' performances in foreign language teaching. Onomatopoeia is a word or process of forming words whose strategies are divided into various groups. For the assessment of strategies, various methods are used. This study highlights the assessment of compensatory strategies through strategy questionnaires in writing and speaking skills of English language learners. The aim is to find out how learners perform strategies in these language skills.phonetic form is perceived as imitating a sound, or sound The analysis of the data collected through questionnaires was computed statistically and percentage calculation was applied on the same data set. The overall results indicated that the learners of English at the English Language Department at Trakya University, in Turkey, employ similar strategies in both skills. In addition, they consciously employ the strategies in their activities. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Learning Strategies (46000); Language Proficiency (43570); Language Tests (44250); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Surveys (86000); Statistical Analysis (83850); Computer Generated Language Analysis (14300); Turkey (91750) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Language Learning Strategies-An Evaluation of Compensatory Strategies Correspondence author: Ogeyik, Muhlise Cosgun   Author e-mail address: muhlisecosgun@trakya.edu.tr Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917103 ProQuest document ID: 85712494 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712494?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Can Hurdles be Overcome by Learners of ESL in Learning to Speak English? Author: Sankary, D11 A.P.C. Mahalaxmi Coll Women, Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India shankmathi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 113-118. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712536?accountid=50982 Abstract: Even though proficiency in ESL includes all the four major skills, invariably, the skill of writing predominates the Indian ESL curriculum. The reason may be, perhaps, traced to the ESL education scenario which existed in the pre independence era, when the British government needed the Indian employees mostly in the domain of clerical jobs. (Chaudhary, S.C., 2002). But in the present context, Indians need considerable proficiency in all the four major skills in general, and the speaking skill in particular, to communicate with the rest of the world effectively. Against this backdrop, this article attempts to explore some of the factors behind the problems faced by the ESL learners at the tertiary level in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Second Language Writing (76180); Colonialism (13410); English Proficiency (22335); Communicative Competence (13650); College Students (13250); India (35100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Can Hurdles be Overcome by Learners of ESL in Learning to Speak English? Correspondence author: Sankary, D   Author e-mail address: shankmathi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 113-118 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005064 ProQuest document ID: 85712536 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712536?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Grammatical Influence of Telugu on Hyderabad Tamil Author: Parimalagantham, A11 Dept Lexicography, P.S.Telugu U, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India parimala11@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 32-42. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713482?accountid=50982 Abstract: When two languages come into contact, it is natural that one language influences the other. The situation when two languages come into contact is called bilingual contact situation. When more than two languages are in contact that situation is called multilingual contact. Linguistic changes may take place in the language in three major levels, that is, phonological, morphological, and lexical levels. The present paper aims to bring out some of the grammatical changes that occur in the speech of the Tamils who are settled in Hyderabad due to the influence of the major language Telugu and other languages such as Dakhini Urdu and Hindi. Adapted from the source document Subject: Telugu (88320); Tamil (87650); Language Contact (42100); Phonological Change (65100); Morphological Change (55400); Lexicon (47150) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Grammatical Influence of Telugu on Hyderabad Tamil Correspondence author: Parimalagantham, A   Author e-mail address: parimala11@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 32-42 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005518 ProQuest document ID: 85713482 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713482?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Separated by a Common Language-Asian Students Writing in English Author: Gupta, Renu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 43-62. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713972?accountid=50982 Abstract: According to research in contrastive rhetoric, student writing in English is influenced by the rhetorical structure of the native language. This study examines essays written on a general topic by MBA students from three countries -- China, India, and Singapore. An analysis of the essays showed that students from China, who learned English as a foreign language, structured their essays as an exposition, whereas students from India and Singapore, who had studied in English-medium schools, gave equal weight to a discussion of the counterarguments. Student comments revealed that prior instruction in English composition influenced the structure of their English texts. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language (22100); Second Language Writing (76180); Writing Strategies (98780); Text Structure (89200); Language of Instruction (43180); China (11980); India (35100); Singapore (78900) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Separated by a Common Language-Asian Students Writing in English Correspondence author: Gupta, Renu   Author e-mail address: renu@stanfordalumni.org Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 43-62 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004951 ProQuest document ID: 85713972 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713972?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Impact of Translation Method on Word Meaning and Fill-in-the-Blank Tests Procedures on Short-Term and Long-Term Retention of Vocabulary Items Author: Kavari, Sadeg Ebrhimi1; Fazeli, Seyed Hossein1 Dept Studies Arabic Language & Literature, Azad Islamic U, Abadan, Iran Ebrhimi_kavari2000@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 76-87. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715361?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of research described in the present study to investigate the impact of translation method on word meaning and fill-in-the-blank tests, their correlation, and procedures on both short-term and long-term retention of vocabulary items. The current study explores the relations between the methods of language teaching (here, translation method) and type of tests (here, word meaning and Fill-in-the-blank tests). The paper presents a vocabulary knowledge scale and scores the learners' learnt vocabularies as achievement test. The population for subject recruitment consisted of undergraduate students at the second semester in a large university in Iran (both male and female) who study English as a compulsory paper. In Iran, English is taught as a foreign language. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Translation (91200); Word Meaning (97700); Language Tests (44250); Retention (Memory) (73150); Vocabulary Learning (94855); Achievement Tests (00100); Iran (38300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Impact of Translation Method on Word Meaning and Fill-in-the-Blank Tests Procedures on Short-Term and Long-Term Retention of Vocabulary Items Correspondence author: Kavari, Sadeg Ebrhimi   Author e-mail address: Ebrhimi_kavari2000@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 76-87 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005020 ProQuest document ID: 85715361 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715361?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effect of Text Authenticity on the Performance of Iranian EFL Students in a C-Test Author: Beigi, Amir Biglar1; Cheng, Karen Kow Yip; Solaymani, Masood1 c/o Solaymani-U Malaya, Malaysia amirbiglarbeigi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 9,  (0, 2009): 138-154. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715947?accountid=50982 Abstract: As part of growing efforts to understand factors affecting C-test, this study aims to investigate the effect of text authenticity on the performance of Iranian EFL students in a C-Test. The C-Test is an integrative testing instrument that measures overall language competence, very much like the cloze test. In this study the rule of two has been applied: the second half of every second word has been deleted, beginning with the second word of the second sentence; the first and last sentences are left intact (Katona & Dornyei 1993, p.35). The research involves 60 randomly collected college students in their third year, majoring in English Literature, applying multi-stage sampling. Since the present study intended to investigate the role of two different formats, i.e. authentic and inauthentic texts (text translated from Persian into English), two different tailored C-Tests were made to measure and compare the performances of the participants. Two C-Tests, one with Authentic Text and the other with Inauthentic Text, were administered to this homogenized group comprising 30 subjects. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Second Language Writing (76180); Language Tests (44250); Measures (Instruments) (52300); English Proficiency (22335); Authentic Texts (06700); College Students (13250); Iran (38300) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: The Effect of Text Authenticity on the Performance of Iranian EFL Students in a C-Test Correspondence author: Beigi, Amir Biglar   Author e-mail address: amirbiglarbeigi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 138-154 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004861 ProQuest document ID: 85715947 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715947?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Agreement in Tamil and Telugu Author: Boologarambai, A11 Dept Tamil & Translation Studies, Dravidian U, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India arpudha_1@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 2,  (February 2009): 352-367. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85632081?accountid=50982 Abstract: The system of agreement in any language is a vital grammatical phenomenon. In past research both the terms agreement and concord were used as if they are synonyms. John Lyons (1968: p 239) describes concord as a kind of inflection. Agreement may be studied with reference to morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of the language. Moravcsik (1978: p 333) defines agreement as "a grammatical constituent A will be said to agree with a grammatical constituent B in properties C in language L, if C is a set of meaning-related properties of constituent B across some subset of the sentences of language L, where constituent B1 is adjacent to B and the meaning related non-categorical properties of constituent B1 are the properties of C". The present paper highlights the variations in the agreement system between Tamil and Telugu, two genetically related languages of the family of Dravidian languages. Though Tamil and Telugu belong to the same language family, they show variations in agreement system in addition to the similarities between these two languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: Agreement (Grammatical) (01230); Telugu (88320); Tamil (87650); Language Comparison (41950); Language Typology (44450); Dravidian Languages (19800); Grammatical Analysis (28700) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Agreement in Tamil and Telugu Correspondence author: Boologarambai, A   Author e-mail address: arpudha_1@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Pages: 352-367 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200920160 ProQuest document ID: 85632081 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85632081?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Indianized English in Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence Author: Sundarsingh, J11 Karunya U, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India sundarsingh@karunya.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 2,  (February 2009): 69-89. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712233?accountid=50982 Abstract: The language of Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence is evaluated based on Braj B. Kachru's theory of Indianization. The findings unravel the inevitable truth that English is no longer a foreign language but very much the language of Indian society. The study also confirms Deshpande's view that Indian expressions can be easily managed in English language. Especially women writers find themselves more comfortable writing in English as they are free from the cultural complications of their first language. Thus Shashi Deshpande is able to bring out the inner feelings of the Indian male self and female self without any restriction of the authorial self in That Long Silence. Adapted from the source document Subject: Literary Language (48950); Language Use (44610); India (35100); Official Languages (60500); Sex Differences (77850); English (21900); Emotions (21600); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Writing (98550) Classification: 5711: poetics/literary theory; literary criticism/theory Title: Indianized English in Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence Correspondence author: Sundarsingh, J   Author e-mail address: sundarsingh@karunya.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Pages: 69-89 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200920434 ProQuest document ID: 85712233 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712233?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Alternation Strategies in Nigerian Hip Hop and Rap Texts Author: Agbo, Maduabuchi11 Dept Linguistics & African Languages, Faculty Arts, U Benin, Nigeria maduagbo@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 2,  (February 2009): 34-62. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714306?accountid=50982 Abstract: This work is a linguistic study of Nigerian musical artists, especially of the Hip Hop genre. The study shows that the artists skillfully use language alternation strategies to enhance the aesthetic and rhetorical qualities of their music. It is revealed in the study that the language alternation patterns involve major Nigerian languages and English, and, they interact with elements of the lyrical structure, namely, the lines, rhymes and stanzas to enhance the musical qualities of the artists' works. Language alternations have other connotations as they also bear the qualities of identifying the artistes' linguistic identity and preferences. It also has semantic significance as when some lexical items are used to highlight code switching occurrences like contrastive and expressive code switching as well as reformulations and repetitions. It is also used to achieve a greater audience/participant constellation and greater understanding of the discourse/message of the song. Adapted from the source document Subject: Music (55800); Code Switching (12650); Nigeria (57910); Hip Hop (31970); Rhetoric (73300); Discourse Structure (19260); Linguistic Identity (47470); Stylistics (84950); Repetition (72923); English (21900); African Languages (00900) Classification: 4610: discourse analysis/text linguistics; discourse analysis Title: Language Alternation Strategies in Nigerian Hip Hop and Rap Texts Correspondence author: Agbo, Maduabuchi   Author e-mail address: maduagbo@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Pages: 34-62 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200920056 ProQuest document ID: 85714306 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714306?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Etymological Analysis for Some Words of Body Parts in Semitic Languages (Especially in Arabic & Hebrew) Author: Obeid, Nassim11 Dept Linguistics, Kuvempu Instit Kannada Studies, U Mysore, India nassim165@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 2,  (February 2009): 368-393. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714867?accountid=50982 Abstract: Etymological studies in Semitic languages are very rare and still in the beginning stage. In addition, each language has its own etymological studies. For example, in Hebrew there are many studies in etymology based on Hebrew language which according to Hebrew is the original of and the nearest ancestor to proto Semitic language. On the other hand, Arabian grammarians consider Arabic as the original of and the nearest ancestor to proto Semitic language. In this paper, I propose to investigate, between Arabic and Hebrew, which one is the nearest to proto Semitic language, based on the data which I collected from many dictionaries for most Semitic languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: Semitic Languages (77200); Hebrew (31650); Arabic (03750); Etymology (23250); Body/Body Parts (09238); Dictionaries (18800); Language Comparison (41950) Classification: 5215: lexicography/lexicology; etymology Title: Etymological Analysis for Some Words of Body Parts in Semitic Languages (Especially in Arabic & Hebrew) Correspondence author: Obeid, Nassim   Author e-mail address: nassim165@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Pages: 368-393 Number of pages: 26 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200920299 ProQuest document ID: 85714867 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714867?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorders-A SLP'S GUIDE Author: Chengappa, Shyamala1; S K , Anna; Gupta, Akanksha1 Dept Speech Language Pathology, All India Instit Speech & Hearing, Mysore, India shyamalakc@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 3,  (March 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704695?accountid=50982 Abstract: Autism encompasses a spectrum of disorders (ASDs) that emerge in childhood & typically impair an individual's ability to communicate & form relations with other people as well as respond to the environment in an appropriate manner. While there is no cure, there are interventions & treatments that may reduce the challenges of this disability. This paper reviews literature on specific language interventions with ASD clients: auditory integration therapy, visually cued instruction, picture exchange communication, & augmentative & alternative communication in ASD. Its aim is to develop a comprehensive treatment resource manual that provides (1) a means to profile the client's communication deficit & (2) a resource from which the speech/language pathologist (SLP) can plan a specific therapy based on the client's clinical profile. The methodologies for profiling the deficit & then determining & achieving the treatment goals are described. S. Stanton Subject: Autism (06800); Language Therapy (44400); Speech Therapy (83200); Communication Disorders (13625); Augmentative and Alternative Communication (06180); Speech/Language Therapists (83215) Classification: 6812: special education; language and speech therapy Title: Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorders-A SLP'S GUIDE Correspondence author: Chengappa, Shyamala   Author e-mail address: shyamalakc@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005938 ProQuest document ID: 85704695 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704695?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Plural in Tamil and Telugu-A Comparison Author: Parimalagantham, A11 Dept Lexicography, P. S. Telugu U, Hyderabad, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 3,  (March 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708080?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper presents a comparison of the use of the plural in Tamil & Telugu, which are structurally related languages belonging to the SOV (subject-object-verb) group. They have two distinctions in number & three in person. The author comparatively examines the functions of the plural, its surface markers, morphophonemic changes, & agreement markers in Tamil & Telugu, offering examples from each language to illustrate the differences. Variations in these respects exist even though Tamil & Telugu belong to the same language family. S. Stanton Subject: Tamil (87650); Telugu (88320); Language Comparison (41950); Number (Grammatical) (59850); Form (Language Structure) (25200); Word Order (97800); Morphophonemics (55550); Agreement (Grammatical) (01230); Language Typology (44450) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Plural in Tamil and Telugu-A Comparison Correspondence author: Parimalagantham, A   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005481 ProQuest document ID: 85708080 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708080?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Evaluation of the Communicative Approach and Audio-Lingual Method in Teaching Grammar in a Private High School in Turkey Author: Ogeyik, Muhlise Cosgun1; Dogruer, Sinem1 Faculty Education, Trakya U, Turkey muhlisecosgun@trakya.edu.tr Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 3,  (March 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708158?accountid=50982 Abstract: Finding out efficient ways for grammar teaching in second language learning has always been a great concern. Therefore, in this study, the benefits of teaching grammar through a communicative approach and an audio-lingual method are discussed in terms of their effects on the proficiency levels of target language learners. This study was carried out through classroom observations by participating in two classrooms in a private high school in Turkey. Sixteen students in both classes, all of whom ninth grade, were observed. Although they were ninth grade students, their linguistic levels were different: ten elementary students and six intermediate level students. For the elementary level students, grammar teaching was implemented through an audio-lingual method, while communicative teaching was applied for the intermediate level students. Data collection was accomplished through observation and interview reports. General findings of this research displayed that applying a communicative approach and an audio-lingual method in grammar teaching resulted in promising conclusions at different linguistic levels. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Grammar Instruction (28550); Secondary Education (76300); Turkey (91750) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: An Evaluation of the Communicative Approach and Audio-Lingual Method in Teaching Grammar in a Private High School in Turkey Correspondence author: Ogeyik, Muhlise Cosgun   Author e-mail address: muhlisecosgun@trakya.edu.tr Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004831 ProQuest document ID: 85708158 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708158?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Getting Exposure to Input in Multimedia Language Laboratory-A Pleasurable Learning Experience Author: Ponniah, R Joseph11 Dept Humanities, National Instit Technology, Tiruchi, Tamilnadu, India joseph@nitt.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 3,  (March 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713955?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper examines the learning experience of adult ESL students in an input-rich digital multimedia language laboratory and their attitude towards the application of multimedia in language learning. Responses of the students to the research questions on a questionnaire and the data collected through discussions reveal that the use of multimedia resources has given a pleasurable learning experience. It has also helped them to get exposure to comprehensible input. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Adults (00600); Student Attitudes (84725); Multimedia (55660) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Getting Exposure to Input in Multimedia Language Laboratory-A Pleasurable Learning Experience Correspondence author: Ponniah, R Joseph   Author e-mail address: joseph@nitt.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005063 ProQuest document ID: 85713955 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713955?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ "Why" And "How" of Literature in Language Classroom Author: Padmini, P11 Dept English, Madura Coll, Tamilnadu, India pad_maduraeng@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 3,  (March 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715450?accountid=50982 Abstract: Although the primary goal of teachers of English is to enable learners to achieve communicative competence, some students who have spent more than a decade learning English have not achieved this goal. They cannot understand nuances, lack versatility, & make simple mistakes in spelling & grammar. The author opines that difficulty lies in the heavy reliance on classical English literature & suggests instead reading materials that use idiomatic, everyday language. S. Stanton Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Literature (49250); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Communicative Competence (13650); Reading Materials (71100); Colloquial Language (13300); Pragmatics (66850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: "Why" And "How" of Literature in Language Classroom Correspondence author: Padmini, P   Author e-mail address: pad_maduraeng@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005026 ProQuest document ID: 85715450 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715450?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Incorporating Translated Malay Short Stories into Teaching English Language Skills Author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed1; Mohideen, Shamimah1 Dept English Language & Literature, Faculty Human Sciences, International Islamic U Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur deeneduc@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 3,  (March 2009). https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716756?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper shows the interaction between language, literature and language education. Active literature teaching in Malaysian schools is back. Though it seems there is forced persuasion to study literature, and there is apprehension felt by teachers, we can achieve two things -- acquisition of various language skills and appreciation of literature -- through carefully selected texts or award-winning literary works. In this way we can not only introduce Malay or local literature, but also make it popular through the teaching and learning of English. In this paper the researchers are going to demonstrate how the above can be done. Reading, listening, writing and speaking skills will be exploited by using selected award-winning short stories. Translations into English are entirely the researchers' effort. Adapted from the source document Subject: Malay (50740); Literature (49250); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Competence (13650); Reading Comprehension (70750); Writing Ability (98560); Listening Comprehension (48450); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Malaysia (50800) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Incorporating Translated Malay Short Stories into Teaching English Language Skills Correspondence author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed   Author e-mail address: deeneduc@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005002 ProQuest document ID: 85716756 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716756?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Perspectives on Teaching English Literature to English Literature Major Students Author: Mekala, S11 Dept Humanities, National Instit Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India mekala.mohan@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 4,  (April 2009): 312-322. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700320?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with two perspectives of teaching Part II General English course at the undergraduate level in colleges in Tamilnadu. The first perspective is the General English course offered to the B.A, and B.Sc., students of all majors including B.A. English Literature students. This course aims at improving the communication skills of the learners dealing with function-oriented texts. It demands the performance (the actual use of language in concrete situations) of the learners or the language proficiency of the graduates as an end product. The second perspective is concerned with the design of a separate General English syllabus for English Literature students. It should concentrate on improving the language proficiency and literary competence of learners, where the learners are expected to excel in both competence and performance. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Competence (13650); English Proficiency (22335); Language Textbooks (44300); Linguistic Performance (47550); Linguistic Competence (47400); Literature (49250); Higher Education (31750); Tamil (87650) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Perspectives on Teaching English Literature to English Literature Major Students Correspondence author: Mekala, S   Author e-mail address: mekala.mohan@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Pages: 312-322 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200919893 ProQuest document ID: 85700320 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700320?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English in Multiracial and Multilingual Nations. A Review of Maya Khemlani David's Book, A Guide for the English Teacher: A Malaysian Perspective Author: Thirumalai, M S1; Mohanlal, Sam1 St. John's Matriculation School, Tenkasi, Tamilnadu, India msthirumalai2@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 4,  (April 2009): 352-359. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704976?accountid=50982 Abstract: A review article on a book by Maya Khemlani David, A Guide for the English Language Teacher: A Malaysian Perspective. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Multilingualism (55650); Second Language Teachers (76120); Malaysia (50800); Cultural Background (16350); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English in Multiracial and Multilingual Nations. A Review of Maya Khemlani David's Book, A Guide for the English Teacher: A Malaysian Perspective Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: msthirumalai2@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Pages: 352-359 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2 940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200919902 ProQuest document ID: 85704976 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704976?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Acoustic Correlates of Stress in Konkani Language Author: Kumar, Radish1; Bhat, Jayashree S1 Dept Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical Coll, Mangalore Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 4,  (April 2009): 329-335. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715000?accountid=50982 Abstract: Stress is an extra effort put on a word or a syllable or a phrase to emphasize special meaning. The acoustic cues for stress include fundamental frequency, increased amplitude, lengthened duration and increased vowel quality. Thus cues vary depending on the languages. The acoustic correlates of stress in Konkani language is not well understood. Hence the present study attempted to investigate the acoustic correlates of stress in Konkani. A total of 10 subjects in the age range of 18-40 years participated in the study. Ten naive speakers of Konkani were asked to speak two word phrases (adjective + noun) with and without stress on the adjectives. Praat software was used to extract peak f0, peak intensity and duration of the first word (adjective) in both the conditions. An independent t-test was employed to compare the significance of differences of means between the stressed and unstressed conditions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stress (84550); Acoustic Analysis (00140); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Cues/Cueing (16330); Meaning (52200); Phrases (65600); Adjectives (00350); Sound Duration (Phonetics) (80400); Fundamental Frequency (26600) Classification: 6110: phonetics; phonetics Title: Acoustic Correlates of Stress in Konkani Language Correspondence author: Kumar, Radish   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 4 Pages: 329-335 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200920473 ProQuest document ID: 85715000 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715000?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Emotional Skills and Adjustment towards First and Second Language Learning and Academic Achievement Author: Sinha, Smita11 Dept Linguistics, Berhampur U, Orissa, India smitas6@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 5,  (May 2009): 90-100. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85699667?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study reveals that non-backward boys are far better and adjusted emotionally and educationally to language learning situation (both 1st and 2nd) and have higher academic achievement than Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) boys. This difference was particularly seen in rural areas in comparison to urban areas. Many factors have been identified which may be responsible for this state of affairs. The problems of untouchability, low socio-economic status, lack of self-esteem, lack of exposure to importance of education and language learning have influenced the adjustment of backward students. Similarly parent children relationship (Morrow & Wilson, 1961) and socio-economic status of schools (Gangadeep, 1986) also influence the adjustment to language learning situation and achievement level of students. Conflict, anxiety, frustration and a feeling of inferiority complex towards their own mother tongue which differ from the school languages also affect the learning process. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Native Language Acquisition (56394); Emotions (21600); Interpersonal Behavior (37550); Academic Achievement (00070); Urban versus Rural Areas (92980); Socioeconomic Status (80150); India (35100) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: A Study on Emotional Skills and Adjustment towards First and Second Language Learning and Academic Achievement Correspondence author: Sinha, Smita   Author e-mail address: smitas6@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 5 Pages: 90-100 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200919815 ProQuest document ID: 85699667 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85699667?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English in Minority Institutions Author: Sunwani, V K11 Regional Instit Education, NCERT, Shyamala Hills, Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh, India vksunwani@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 5,  (May 2009): 66-70. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704686?accountid=50982 Abstract: The article focuses on the teaching of English as a foreign language to Indian religious minority groups. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); India (35100); Minority Groups (54240); Religions (72750); Bilingual Education (08750); Educational Policy (20940) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English in Minority Institutions Correspondence author: Sunwani, V K   Author e-mail address: vksunwani@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 5 Pages: 66-70 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200919900 ProQuest document ID: 85704686 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85704686?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Attitudinal Factor in Second Language Acquisition: An Illustrative Example from a Class in University Author: Kavitha, V11 VIT U, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India kavitha_tpk2003@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 5,  (May 2009): 82-89. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85710429?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper examines Indian first-year engineering college students' attitudes towards English as a foreign language learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Student Attitudes (84725); College Students (13250); Surveys (86000); India (35100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Attitudinal Factor in Second Language Acquisition: An Illustrative Example from a Class in University Correspondence author: Kavitha, V   Author e-mail address: kavitha_tpk2003@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 5 Pages: 82-89 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-12-01 Accession number: 200919910 ProQuest document ID: 85710429 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85710429?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological, Grammatical and Lexical Interference in Adult Multilingual Speakers Author: Deepa, M S1; Avanthi, N; Abhishek, B P; Chengappa, Shyamala1 All India Institute Speech & Hearing, Mysore, India deepams12@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 6,  (June 2009): 11-22. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85707114?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study aimed at assessing the qualitative and quantitative differences in the nonnative speakers of the language, their proficiency of language and the different types of influence or transfer of the dominant language to the nonnative language. The results of the analysis were based on content and complexity of language. In content analysis, Phonological, Grammatical and Lexical interference were analysed. T-unit analysis was used to measure the complexity of language. Content and complexity of nonnative speakers were distinctly different from those of native speakers. Differences in terms of phrase length, usage of functional words and gender markers were seen. Results also indicated that there will be considerable influence or borrowing of features from a language that is learnt earlier or used more excessively in one's social context. In the present study, phonological, grammatical and lexical interference were studied. Further the study can be extended by studying the influence of both L1 and L2 on L3 separately, analysing stress, rhythm, and intonation of the nonnative language can be done objectively and can be compared with the native language, and studying more complex structures of grammar of nonnative language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Multilingualism (55650); Interference (Learning) (37150); Phonology (65250); Syntax (86800); Lexicon (47150); Nonnative Speakers (58230); Complexity (13922); Content Analysis (15150); Language Usage (44600) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: Phonological, Grammatical and Lexical Interference in Adult Multilingual Speakers Correspondence author: Deepa, M S   Author e-mail address: deepams12@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 6 Pages: 11-22 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200916996 ProQuest document ID: 85707114 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85707114?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Crosstalk and Communication Breakdown in Professional Interactions in English Author: Harnish, Svetlana I1; David, Maya Khemlani; Dumanig, Francisco Perlas1 Moscow Instit Sociology, Russia harnisch@isras.ru Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 6,  (June 2009): 1-10. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708323?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper emphasizes the kinds of problems or crosstalk which arise in professional communication among non-native English users. It is assumed that professional type of discourse differs from talk in the private domain. This is because in the professional domain there is common knowledge and experience about a specific profession and mutual comprehension among members of a profession is based on shared concepts and terms. The concept of crosstalk [Harnisch, 2008] is used here to refer to the types of obstacles and communication breakdown when English is used by non-native speakers of the language. Three types of crosstalk in professional interactions are discussed. These arise from (1) mispronunciation, (2) conceptual misinterpretations, and (3) semiotic interference. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communication Failure (13628); Workplace Communication (98470); English as a Second Language (22100); Language Usage (44600); Code Switching (12650); Terminology (88550); Occupations (60200); Error Analysis (Language) (22400) Classification: 5510: interpersonal behavior and communication; interpersonal and group communication, behavior, and relationships Title: Crosstalk and Communication Breakdown in Professional Interactions in English Correspondence author: Harnish, Svetlana I   Author e-mail address: harnisch@isras.ru Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-10 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917696 ProQuest document ID: 85708323 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708323?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Roots of Linguistic Reorganization of Indian States-The Experience of Orissa As a Linguistic Province in the British Raj Author: Mukherjee, Jhumpa11 Dept Political Science, St. Xavier's Coll, Kolkata, West Bengal, India jhumpa_27@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 6,  (June 2009): 56-63. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708369?accountid=50982 Abstract: The article offers a historical overview of the linguistic reorganization of Indian states. It focuses on the importance of the creation of the linguistic unit Assam in 1911 as a separate province of Bihar and Orissa. This set in motion a legitimization of the regional languages of India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Policy (43450); India (35100); 20th Century (1901-2000) (00010); Minority Languages (54250); Indigenous Languages (35320); Colonialism (13410); Historiography (32140); Political Factors (66453) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: The Roots of Linguistic Reorganization of Indian States-The Experience of Orissa As a Linguistic Province in the British Raj Correspondence author: Mukherjee, Jhumpa   Author e-mail address: jhumpa_27@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 6 Pages: 56-63 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917802 ProQuest document ID: 85708369 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85708369?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Technical Jargon through Word Formation to the Students of Engineering and Technology: Problems and Some Perspectives on Strategies Author: Malathy, P11 Dept English, Kumaraguru Coll Technology, Coimbatore Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 6,  (June 2009): 347-355. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714009?accountid=50982 Abstract: The technical jargon of every field derives its terms from a variety of languages, although these are used in English. Students, who are generally not exposed to such terms in their vernacular, perceive these terms to be difficult to learn in the beginning, which leads to some struggle in comprehending the concept fully and remembering the terms. English language teachers in engineering colleges need a better and intensive acquaintance with the processes for the formation of technical terms. They should also know how to use these processes integrated into their teaching of English. I will first focus on the importance of teaching technical English in engineering colleges, then I will present a brief description of the problem of teaching technical English, followed by a presentation of some of the processes that are prominent in word formation in technical terms. After this, I will briefly discuss the strategies that we can adopt in teaching technical English in engineering colleges. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English for Special Purposes (22300); Scientific Technical Language (75350); Word Formation (97400); Terminology (88550); Second Language Teachers (76120); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Technical Jargon through Word Formation to the Students of Engineering and Technology: Problems and Some Perspectives on Strategies Correspondence author: Malathy, P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 6 Pages: 347-355 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917066 ProQuest document ID: 85714009 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714009?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Language through Literary Texts in the ESL Classroom Author: Rana, Sujata11 Dept English, CRM Jat Coll, Haryana, India sujju69rana@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 6,  (June 2009): 72-80. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716549?accountid=50982 Abstract: The article focuses on the use of literary texts in English as a Second Language Teaching in India and discusses its advantages for students' language skills as well as the problems teachers face. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Literature (49250); Language Proficiency (43570); Reading Ability (70500); Writing Ability (98560); Second Language Teachers (76120); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Language through Literary Texts in the ESL Classroom Correspondence author: Rana, Sujata   Author e-mail address: sujju69rana@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 6 Pages: 72-80 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2009-10-01 Accession number: 200917072 ProQuest document ID: 85716549 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716549?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological Processes in English Speaking Indian Children Author: Ranjan, Rajesh11 Dept Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical Coll, Manipal U, Mangalore, Karnataka, India rajesh22_ranjan@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 7,  (July 2009): 16-24. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85702090?accountid=50982 Abstract: All children use phonological processes during the acquisition of speech sound. In general research on the normal use and suppression of phonological processes indicate that most children, regardless of the language being learnt use common processes readily available in their development of the sound system. All children tend to use phonological processes during the acquisition of speech sound to simplify the adult target and these processes tend to decrease as the age increases. Some phonological processes may be seen more in one language than other language. In the present study the phonological processes that persisted in 4- to 5-year-old children are cluster reduction, final consonant deletion and strident deletion. The phonological processes which decreased as age advanced from 3 to 5 years were diphthong reduction, vowel change, initial consonant deletion, backing of vowel, deaffrication, assimilation, fronting, and gliding. The phonological processes which disappear by 4-5 years of age are apicalization and dimunization. The phonological processes which were observed at only 4 to 5 years of age are stops replacing glide, affrication, and assimilation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Acquisition (41600); Phonology (65250); English (21900); Children (11850); Age Differences (01150); Reduction (Phonological or Phonetic) (71940); Ellipsis (21540); Assimilation (Language Change) (05200); India (35100) Classification: 4015: psycholinguistics; child language acquisition Title: Phonological Processes in English Speaking Indian Children Correspondence author: Ranjan, Rajesh   Author e-mail address: rajesh22_ranjan@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 7 Pages: 16-24 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004743 ProQuest document ID: 85702090 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85702090?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative and Contrastive Study of Preposition in Arabic and English Author: Al-Marrani, Yahya Mohammed Ali11 Dept English, Sana'a U, Yemen almarrani99@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 7,  (July 2009): 46-68. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85703345?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts a comparative and contrastive analysis of the subsystems of the prepositions in Arabic and English, in terms of their uses, function and meanings in order to find the major similarities and differences between Arabic and English and to account for any possible deviations that may characterize the performance of Arabic learners. The result showed that there are similarities and differences between these two subsystems of the prepositions in Arabic and English. The similarities between them facilitate the development process of learning a foreign language (positive transfer), whereas differences make learning process of a foreign language difficult and Arabic learners make many mistakes (negative transfer or interference). This study has pedagogical implications for teaching prepositions in English and to help teachers and motivate them to describe and analyse the learners' errors and also to prepare remedial exercises to eliminate the errors their students make in the use of prepositions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Comparison (41950); Contrastive Analysis (15570); Prepositions (67300); Arabic (03750); English (21900); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Transfer (Learning) (90850); Linguistic Interference (47500); Error Analysis (Language) (22400) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: A Comparative and Contrastive Study of Preposition in Arabic and English Correspondence author: Al-Marrani, Yahya Mohammed Ali   Author e-mail address: almarrani99@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 7 Pages: 46-68 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005469 ProQuest document ID: 85703345 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85703345?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching and Learning Language through Distance Education. Kannada for Administrators: A Case Study Author: Mallikarjun, B11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India mallikarjun/ciil@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 7,  (July 2009): 144-158. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709593?accountid=50982 Abstract: The language for administration in the Indian state of Karnataka has varied over time, with Kannada being used by Kannada kings, Urdu by Muslim rulers, & English during the British colonial period. Kannada was always the language of the people, however, so it was declared the Official Language of Karnataka in the Language Act of 1967. However, the lack of typewriters & computers capable of producing Kannada characters dictates the use of English not only in administrative documents but in many publications, including school textbooks. In fact, it is possible for individuals to complete their education without learning Kannada. This paper explores (1) the reasons for the slow progress of the Official Language Act in instituting a more general usage of Kannada in education, business, & government administration; (2) the means available for people to learn Kannada, focusing on the Composite Correspondence Course in Kannada; & (3) the shaping of the characters or 'letters' used in Kannada script. S. Stanton Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Distance Learning (19530); Orthography (61750); Kannada (40400); Administrative and Governmental Language (00370); Language Policy (43450); Official Languages (60500); Language Use (44610); India (35100) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Teaching and Learning Language through Distance Education. Kannada for Administrators: A Case Study Correspondence author: Mallikarjun, B   Author e-mail address: mallikarjun/ciil@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 7 Pages: 144-158 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005761 ProQuest document ID: 85709593 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709593?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communication Apprehensions in English Language Classrooms in Schools in Pakistan Author: Akram, Muhammad11 Dept English (Applied Linguistics), Islamia U Bahawalpur, Pakistan muhammadakram80@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 7,  (July 2009): 25-34. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712253?accountid=50982 Abstract: Communication is a great ornament to excel in any field of life. Communication Apprehensions make or mar the personality of a student. The present study highlights the importance of the communication on the one hand and on the other it throws light on the students' Communication Apprehensions in English classroom context at University level. The study shows, if provided with proper facilitations, the students can better their performance in their language classroom activities and can achieve better results. The study also provides with some solutions to overcome the communication apprehensions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communication Failure (13628); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Language of Instruction (43180); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); College Students (13250); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communication Apprehensions in English Language Classrooms in Schools in Pakistan Correspondence author: Akram, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: muhammadakram80@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 7 Pages: 25-34 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201005001 ProQuest document ID: 85712253 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712253?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effect of Reading Strategy Training on University ESL Learners' Reading Comprehension Author: Karbalaei, Alireza1; Rajyashree, K S1 Central Instit Indian Languages, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 7,  (July 2009): 111-127. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713945?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current research examined the effects of note-taking instruction on reading comprehension of college students at undergraduate level. A sample of 63 students majoring English, aged 17-25 (32 males, 31 females), were selected from among students of four classes in three different colleges in Mysore, India. They received 9 weeks of instruction and practice by Cornell method of note-taking. The effects of the note-taking instruction were measured by their performance on two multiple-choice reading comprehension texts. Students' performance on a proficiency test was used to group students into two levels (high vs. low) and functioned as an independent variable in analysis in addition to gender as another variable in this study. Results indicated significant treatment effect in favor of the strategy of note-taking instruction on both high and low groups. There was no statistically significant difference between low and high groups after instruction, although such a difference existed between two groups before instruction. The results suggest that students at college can be instructed to develop note-taking ability that promotes their learning without taking the gender factor into account, because there was no significant difference between males and females in this study. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Instruction (70950); Reading Strategies (71400); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Second Language Reading (75930); Teaching Methods (88150); College Students (13250); Reading Comprehension (70750); India (35100) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: The Effect of Reading Strategy Training on University ESL Learners' Reading Comprehension Correspondence author: Karbalaei, Alireza   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 7 Pages: 111-127 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-03-01 Accession number: 201004919 ProQuest document ID: 85713945 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713945?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English Language Skills for Law-A Malaysian Case Study Author: Menon, Devikamani1; David, Maya Khemlani1 Dept English Language, Faculty Languages & Linguistics, U Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 8,  (August 2009): 390-399. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85682977?accountid=50982 Abstract: The University of Malaya Spoken English Skills Project (UMSEP), launched by this university's Language Center in 1979, produced several language courses & textbooks for law students at this institution. To update the teaching materials for this population, the research project "Professional Skills for Law" was launched in 2007 by this university with the objective to redesign the textbook Spoken English for Professionals. Oral Skills for Law (Kuala Lumpur: U of Malaya Press, 1986). The new textbook, compiled by a team of five members of the staff of the Faculty of Language & Linguistics, is presented here, outlining its 21 units arranged in three parts. Teacher & student (N unspecified) questionnaires were administered to obtain feedback on the usefulness of the new materials; their input is reported & commented on. It is concluded that a successful English for Special Purposes (ESP) curriculum requires a skillful integration of several components: (1) the field's terminology & register characteristics, (2) teaching of general academic skills, & (3) training in ESP communication. A student need survey is necessary to correctly determine the particular requirements of an ESP course. Z. Dubiel Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English for Special Purposes (22300); Legal Language (46300); Malaysia (50800); Language Textbooks (44300); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Student Attitudes (84725); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Teaching English Language Skills for Law-A Malaysian Case Study Correspondence author: Menon, Devikamani   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 8 Pages: 390-399 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007598 ProQuest document ID: 85682977 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85682977?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Computational Linguistics as a Curriculum for Engineering Students in India Author: Bhuvaneswari, G1; Soman, K P1 CEN, Amrita Vishwa Vidya Peetham, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India bhuvaneswari.sb@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 8,  (August 2009): 361-371. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85688335?accountid=50982 Abstract: Natural language processing (NLP) and machine translation tools are upcoming areas of study in the field of computational linguistics. The development of language technology and its growth leads to the need for a detailed study of the computational aspect of language and especially for those who mastered the field of technology. This paper tends to create basic reference tools for those students and researchers who are interested in computational linguistics and also give some basic idea of every tool used to develop such software tools. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computational Linguistics (14100); Machine Translation (50250); Natural Language Processing (56550); India (35100); Curriculum Planning (16780); Computer Software (14360) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Computational Linguistics as a Curriculum for Engineering Students in India Correspondence author: Bhuvaneswari, G   Author e-mail address: bhuvaneswari.sb@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 8 Pages: 361-371 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008108 ProQuest document ID: 85688335 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85688335?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Tolkaappiyam-Kaviraajamaarga: A Brief Note of Comparison Author: Boologarambai, A11 Dept Tamil & Translation Studies, Dravidian U, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India arpudharambai@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 8,  (August 2009): 503-512. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691097?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to compare the first grammatical work of Tamil Tolkaappiyam and the first grammatical work of Kannada Kaviraajamaarga. A comparative study of grammars of two different languages helps us to appreciate their commonness and specialty. The main aim of this paper is to bring together these two grammars and briefly see the similarities and differences between them. Even though the two languages belong to the same language group within the same language family, there are some differences. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Grammars (42565); Kannada (40400); Tamil (87650); Language Comparison (41950); Language Typology (44450); Linguists (48250) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Tolkaappiyam-Kaviraajamaarga: A Brief Note of Comparison Correspondence author: Boologarambai, A   Author e-mail address: arpudharambai@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 8 Pages: 503-512 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008081 ProQuest document ID: 85691097 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691097?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Procedure to Develop Competency Based Self-Learning Materials Author: Nirmala, J R11 Faculty Malaysian Languages, U Malaya Kuala Lumpur sammohanlal@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 8,  (August 2009): 518-523. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697741?accountid=50982 Abstract: The development of didactic materials, either in print or in digital format, for self-learning of foreign languages, English in particular, is discussed. Seven "good quality" principles are formulated for the preparation of such materials: (1) meeting basic needs/goals, (2) fitting the materials' scope to their didactic purpose, (3) transparent design & clear structure, (4) flexible delivery, (5) affordability & cultural diversity, (6) well-balanced content, & (7) feedback & promotion of self-assessment. A model of developing learning materials based on these principles is outlined, & suggestions for its implementation in concrete material development projects are made. It is argued that effective self-learning materials must be: (1) self-explanatory, (2) self-contained, (3) self-directed, (4) self-motivating, (5) self-evaluating, & (6) self-teaching. Z. Dubiel Subject: Language Teaching Materials (43950); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Self Evaluation (76550); Cultural Factors (16500); Self Instruction (76555) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Procedure to Develop Competency Based Self-Learning Materials Correspondence author: Nirmala, J R   Author e-mail address: sammohanlal@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 8 Pages: 518-523 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007692 ProQuest document ID: 85697741 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697741?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bi/Multilingualism and Issues in Management of Communication Disorders with Emphasis on Indian Perspectives Author: Chengappa, Shyamala11 Dept Speech-Language Pathology, All India Instit Speech & Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India shyamalakc@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 8,  (August 2009): 400-429. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712999?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article is an extended version of the keynote address delivered by the author at the 7th International symposium on Bilingualism held in Utrecht, the Netherlands from 8th-11th July 2009. An Indian perspective of the following issues are highlighted in this paper. (1) Theoretical stand points of the west and the SLPs in India -- past, present, and future. (2) The actual context of bi/multilingualism in India. (3) Indian languages -- micro and macro structure. (4) Assessment dilemmas. (5) Issues in assessment and treatment by SLP. (6) Review of some of our studies. (7) Clinical implications. (8) Research implication, needs, and future directions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bilingualism (08850); Multilingualism (55650); Communication Disorders (13625); Tamil (87650); Speech Therapy (83200); Language Therapy (44400); India (35100) Classification: 6812: special education; language and speech therapy Title: Bi/Multilingualism and Issues in Management of Communication Disorders with Emphasis on Indian Perspectives Correspondence author: Chengappa, Shyamala   Author e-mail address: shyamalakc@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 8 Pages: 400-429 Number of pages: 30 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008456 ProQuest document ID: 85712999 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712999?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of English As a Tool for Communication in Tamil Society Author: Nehemiah, Shanthi11 Dept English, Karunya U, Karunyanagar, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India shanthi_nehemiah@yahoo.co.uk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 8,  (August 2009): 430-439. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716705?accountid=50982 Abstract: Issues related to the popularization of the study of English among the Tamils are addressed, including: (1) English as an international/global language; (2) the relationship between English & Tamilnadu; (3) English as a colonial language in India; (4) Indians' perception of & attitudes to English; (5) the status of English as an associate official language in India; (6) the influence of Western English on Indian English; (7) the uniqueness of Indian English, Indian English as one of the World Englishes; (8) varieties of Indian English; (9) words of Indian origin in English; (10) English words of Tamil origin; (11) Indian literature in English; & (12) the future of English in India & among the Tamils. Z. Dubiel Subject: Language Use (44610); English as an International Language (22200); India (35100); Tamil (87650); Language Attitudes (41800); Colonialism (13410); Language Status (43920); Language Varieties (44650); Literature (49250) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Role of English As a Tool for Communication in Tamil Society Correspondence author: Nehemiah, Shanthi   Author e-mail address: shanthi_nehemiah@yahoo.co.uk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 8 Pages: 430-439 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008327 ProQuest document ID: 85716705 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716705?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems in Reading Comprehension Skills among Secondary School Students in Yemen Author: Balfakeh, Suad Awad Dahman Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 275-283. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85692518?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to identify students' problems in answering reading comprehension questions. Two questionnaires and two reading tasks about students' perceptions of the areas under investigation were used. The subjects of the study consisted of 120 students who were in the final year of secondary school (scientific and literary sections) and 15 teachers who teach English to those students. The findings indicated that students have serious deficiencies in discourse-based reading skills such as recognizing text organization and identifying cohesive devices. It also shows that students fall back on Arabic, their mother tongue, when answering reading comprehension questions due to the difficulties they face in comprehending a text. The results of the tasks administered to the students contrast with the claim made by teachers that they pay attention to the reading skills investigated. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Comprehension (70750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Reading (75930); Student Attitudes (84725); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Reading Achievement (70600); Cohesion (13200); Text Structure (89200); Language Use (44610); Arabic (03750) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: Problems in Reading Comprehension Skills among Secondary School Students in Yemen Correspondence author: Balfakeh, Suad Awad Dahman   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 275-283 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201000552 ProQuest document ID: 85692518 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85692518?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English as a Second Language Using Communicative Language Teaching. An Evaluation of Practice in India Author: Savitri, M Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 129-140. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85693598?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper traces the history of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), reasons for Communicative Language Teaching in America and Europe, CLT theory and the advent of CLT in India. The reasons for CLT being popular are critically analyzed and evaluated. The implementation of CLT in India -- its success and failure -- is discussed. Suggestions for making CLT a success in India are discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); India (35100); United States of America (92750); Europe (23340) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English as a Second Language Using Communicative Language Teaching. An Evaluation of Practice in India Correspondence author: Savitri, M   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 129-140 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: Engl ish Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201000862 ProQuest document ID: 85693598 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85693598?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Using Problem-Based Learning Technique in Teaching English Grammar Author: Karthikeyan, R; Venkatraj; Baskaran, G Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 264-274. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697015?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present education system is primarily concerned with transferring substance to the learner and thus little importance is placed on the role of learning activity. Problem-based learning (PBL) is considered as a strategy which gives enough opportunity for the students to learn on their own. It is based on the assumption that learning is the process of constructing knowledge rather than merely obtaining it. It encourages independent learning and gives students practice in tackling puzzling situations and finding suitable solutions to the problem on hand. This paper presents an overview on PBL and on how this technique can be used in teaching English grammar and the criteria for assessing the performance of people involved in the process. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Grammar Instruction (28550); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Learning Strategies (46000); Knowledge (40930); Problem Solving (67850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Using Problem-Based Learning Technique in Teaching English Grammar Correspondence author: Karthikeyan, R   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 264-274 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201000834 ProQuest document ID: 85697015 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697015?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Textbook Analysis of English for Engineers Author: Jeyachandra, S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 187-224. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697022?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study analyzes the textbook prescribed by Anna University for engineering students. The various aspects of the textbook are analyzed to check whether the objectives are fulfilled and communicative skills are improved through the textbook. This is elucidated with statistical data and reports. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Textbooks (44300); English for Special Purposes (22300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Scientific Technical Language (75350); College Students (13250); Communicative Competence (13650) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Textbook Analysis of English for Engineers Correspondence author: Jeyachandra, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 187-224 Number of pages: 38 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201000785 ProQuest document ID: 85697022 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697022?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Spelling Variations in Kannada Author: Mallikarjun, B Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 1-8. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697250?accountid=50982 Abstract: Kannada is one of the scheduled languages of India spoken in the southern part of the country by nearly 5 crore people. It has a history of over two thousand years. So, variation in Kannada is not a new phenomenon. It has existed in Kannada for centuries and evidence exist for the same. Keshiraja, the Kannada grammarian who lived during 1260 AD or so, writes about variations in his grammar Shabdamani Darpana. Kannada has no technical term for spelling and it identifies spelling variation with a compound word 'akSara samyoojane' with the meaning equivalent 'combination of letters'. Here we can consider spelling variation as writing the same word in two or more forms. Pronunciation of both forms may be the same or may be different, but these may be written using different letters. However, the meaning remains the same for both forms. In this paper, it is intended to present an analysis of some of the spelling variations that exist in Kannada. Adapted from the source document Subject: Spelling (83240); Kannada (40400); Language Variation (44640); Language History (42600); Language Grammars (42565); Pronunciation (68500) Classification: 5310: orthography, writing systems; orthography, writing systems Title: Spelling Variations in Kannada Correspondence author: Mallikarjun, B   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 1-8 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201001499 ProQuest document ID: 85697250 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697250?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Survey of the State of the Art in Punjabi Language Processing Author: Lehal, Gurpreet Singh Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 9-23. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85698438?accountid=50982 Abstract: People all over the world have been using computers and Internet in their own languages. So far, Indian users in general and Punjabi users in particular have been compelled to use them in English despite the dominance of Indian engineers and scientists in the IT world. Unless we support our own languages in technology environments, it is impossible to use IT or the internet to uplift and improve the socio-economic environment of our country. There is a need for language-based content and technology and we have to address it. Society at large can effectively benefit from Information Technology if people can communicate with computers in their own languages. Barely 65 % of our population is literate, of which only an elite minority (approx. 5%) can read, write, and speak English. This shuts out most of the Indian population from the worldwide web and its huge potential. Therefore it is essential to have an interface that uses not only the local language but also speech, to cater to the needs of the semi-literate and illiterate sections of the population. A few government/educational organizations and some individual researchers have initiated programs for the technological development of Punjabi language. In this paper the technological development of Punjabi has been classified under certain heads and the undertaken and successfully completed research as well as the products developed are discussed in detail. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Human Computer Communication (32790); Language Use (44610); English (21900); Panjabi (62500); Language Processing (43550); Illiteracy (34358); Socioeconomic Status (80150) Classification: 5518: interpersonal behavior and communication; technology and communication Title: A Survey of the State of the Art in Punjabi Language Processing Correspondence author: Lehal, Gurpreet Singh   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 9-23 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201001590 ProQuest document ID: 85698438 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85698438?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Noun Reduplication in Tamil and Kannada Author: Rambai, A Boologa Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 48-67. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700353?accountid=50982 Abstract: Tamil and Kannada belong to the same language group, the Dravidian family. Both languages are treated as sister languages. The present paper highlights noun reduplication in Tamil and Kannada. This study of reduplicated structure in Tamil and Kannada reveals the fact that though reduplication is a general morphological feature of the language, some specifications can be drawn from a functional point of view and, as a result, from a semantic point of view as well. This is an attempt to study the reduplicated noun from the point of view of occurrence in the language, its function and semantic interpretation in Kannada and Tamil. These two languages have the following parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, postposition, and interjection. The formation of reduplication occurs in almost all of the above said parts of speech. This paper briefly deals with noun reduplication in Tamil and Kannada. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reduplication (71960); Nouns (59650); Tamil (87650); Kannada (40400); Morphology (55500); Semantic Analysis (76570); Language Typology (44450) Classification: 4510: morphology; morphology Title: Noun Reduplication in Tamil and Kannada Correspondence author: Rambai, A Boologa   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 48-67 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201001093 ProQuest document ID: 85700353 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700353?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English through Indian Writing in English in Rural India Author: Thorat, Sandeep K Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 250-254. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700732?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to point out that teaching English through Indian Writing in English (IWE) in rural India can be beneficial for several reasons: firstly, most of the rural Indians are closely connected to traditional belief systems; secondly, pride in such belief systems is seen to be an important part of one's identity as Indian and the practitioner of true Indian culture with all its prestige in rural India. In such circumstances Indian Writing in English offers good opportunities for reading, writing, speaking and thinking in English, engaging oneself with known values, metaphors, stories and expressions. Using IWE actually follows the universal trend which recognizes that "the English Language is no longer the preserve of a few nations, but it is now used globally" (Lazar, 1993). As a result, IWE is included as part of course materials to teach English in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Rural Areas (74335); India (35100); Second Language Writing (76180); Beliefs (08100); Cultural Identity (16570); Metaphors (53250); Story Telling (84400); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English through Indian Writing in English in Rural India Correspondence author: Thorat, Sandeep K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 250-254 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201000867 ProQuest document ID: 85700732 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700732?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Discovering Values in English Language Teaching Author: Behara, Arun; Behera, Rasmita Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 141-147. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85703068?accountid=50982 Abstract: No language, barring one's native language, comes to one naturally and spontaneously. It has to be laboriously and consistently learnt and taught. Of course, as far as one's mother tongue is concerned, it is acquired almost without any deliberate effort. One does not have to really work hard in order to pick up one's first language. First language could be simply the language of early childhood experience, not necessarily the language of the parents. Also simultaneously acquiring more than one language is possible when this happens in early childhood. But, in the case of other tongues, including English for most of us in India, one needs to put in a lot of systematic and long-term effort. Learning a language is not simply learning the structural code. Only learning/teaching in our setup in India does not serve the purpose. Some ingredients of human values should be incorporated in this process so that it becomes unique and great. It may, at the first instance, sound unrealistic and unachievable, but it is possible and ought to be adopted. Of course, readily, five basic human values -- truth, right conduct, love, peace, and nonviolence -- can be incorporated in the present education system to make it value-based. The goal of this article is to impart values with language learning. The saying 'End of education is character' speaks volumes on how much emphasis is put on character building which includes human values as well. Since character is a broad and all-encompassing concept, the present paper confines itself only to the values in teaching/learning and, to be more specific, values in English Language Teaching (ELT). Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Native Language Acquisition (56394); Children (11850); India (35100); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Strategies (46000); Ethics (22820) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Discovering Values in English Language Teaching Correspondence author: Behara, Arun   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 141-147 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201000798 ProQuest document ID: 85703068 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85703068?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Explicit Grammar Instruction Author: Rokni, Seyed Jalal Abdolmanafi Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 10,  (October 2009): 117-128. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713535?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the field of second language acquisition (SLA), following grammar instruction, the explicit-implicit dimension has long been one of the controversial issues and focuses for researchers. It provides relatively fresh theoretical as well as empirical views angled to formal grammar instruction. This paper reviews both theories of explicit-implicit issues and empirical studies on formal explicit and implicit grammar teaching, and presents some issues like explicit/implicit knowledge and interface debate that require to be noticed and attached much importance to these studies, expecting to provide some help to future research and to real SLA classroom settings. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Learning (75850); Grammar Instruction (28550); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Learning Environment (45880) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Explicit Grammar Instruction Correspondence author: Rokni, Seyed Jalal Abdolmanafi   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Pages: 117-128 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-01-01 Accession number: 201000390 ProQuest document ID: 85713535 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713535?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of the Effect of Explicit-Inductive and Explicit-Deductive Grammar Instruction in EFL Contexts: A Case Study of Persian Learners of English Author: Abdolmanafi, Seyed Jalal11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Mysore, Karnataka, India j.abdolmanafi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 151-175. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85687358?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper intends to study the effect of explicit-inductive and explicit-deductive grammar instruction on the acquisition of relative clauses by Persian learners of English. The two intact classes were randomly assigned to one of the treatments, inductive or deductive. Both groups received instruction about English relative clauses using the explicit-inductive treatment (experimental group), or the explicit-deductive one (control group). They were administered three similar but not identical tests, namely, a pretest, a posttest, and a delayed posttest containing a sentence combining test and a grammaticality judgment test. The findings displayed that both groups significantly increased their overall learning outcomes from the pretest to the posttest, but the experimental group scored significantly better than the control group. Also, both groups consistently scored higher on the grammaticality judgment test than on the sentence combining test, but the experimental group scored significantly higher that the control group on both the sentence combining test and the grammatical judgment test. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Grammar Instruction (28550); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Grammaticality (29200); Judgment (39900); Sentence Structure (77400); Relative Clauses (72650); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); Persian (63700) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study of the Effect of Explicit-Inductive and Explicit-Deductive Grammar Instruction in EFL Contexts: A Case Study of Persian Learners of English Correspondence author: Abdolmanafi, Seyed Jalal   Author e-mail address: j.abdolmanafi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 151-175 Number of pages: 25 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007606 ProQuest document ID: 85687358 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85687358?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Plea for the Use of Language Portals in Imparting Communication Skills Author: Geetha, B J1; Subramani, R1 Dept English, Periyar U, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India geetprem05@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 130-137. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691598?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teachers of English as a medium of communication in India toil desperately to find suitable methodologies to facilitate the students in acquiring communication skills. In the recent past, the number of teachers using Computer-Assisted Language Teaching has increased markedly and the role of technology in education in the 21st century is widely discussed. This paper is intended to analyze the multifaceted use of Internet as an interactive teaching medium to impart communication skills to the Indian learners and also to explore the possibilities of integrating the Internet in the field of English language teaching in India. A list of useful websites is presented which could be used for various teaching, learning and testing purposes. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Language Use (44610); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Internet (37500); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Plea for the Use of Language Portals in Imparting Communication Skills Correspondence author: Geetha, B J   Author e-mail address: geetprem05@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 130-137 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007621 ProQuest document ID: 85691598 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691598?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Helping the Limited English Proficient Learner Learn the Second Language Effectively through Strategy Instruction Author: Savitri, M11 Dept English, SRM Valliammai Engineering Coll, S.R.M. Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India savirajesh2003@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 342-347. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85694227?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper discusses the characteristic features of Limited English Proficient students and offers suggestions on how such students can be helped in the language classroom, assisted by the research efforts from Applied Linguistics. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English Proficiency (22335); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Applied Linguistics (03500) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Helping the Limited English Proficient Learner Learn the Second Language Effectively through Strategy Instruction Correspondence author: Savitri, M   Author e-mail address: savirajesh2003@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 342-347 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007699 ProQuest document ID: 85694227 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85694227?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Advances in Machine Translation Systems Author: Goyal, Vishal1; Lehal, Gurpreet Singh1 Dept Computer Science, Punjabi U, Patiala, India vishal.pup@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 138-150. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697370?accountid=50982 Abstract: The machine translation system is software designed to essentially take a text in one language (called the source language) and translates it into another language (called the target language). This paper presents the state of the art in the field of machine translation. The first part of this paper discusses machine translation systems for non-Indian languages and the second part discusses machine translation systems for Indian languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: Machine Translation (50250); Computer Software (14360); Computational Linguistics (14100); India (35100) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Advances in Machine Translation Systems Correspondence author: Goyal, Vishal   Author e-mail address: vishal.pup@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 138-150 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008110 ProQuest document ID: 85697370 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85697370?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Noun Morphology in Kuki-Chin Languages Author: Haukip, Pauthang11 Dept Linguistics, Assam U, Silchar, Assam, India pauthanghaokip@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 109-129. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709771?accountid=50982 Abstract: Noun morphology in six Kuki-Chin languages -- Thadou, Vaipheei, Gangte, Paite, Simte, & Zou -- spoken in the Churachandpur district of the Manipur State, India, is described, discussing: (1) morphologically simple (ie, nonderived) & morphologically complex (ie, derived) nouns, (2) nominalized nouns, (3) pronouns & their free vs clitic forms, (4) possessive, interrogative, & reflexive pronouns, (5) the semantic-morphological basis of gender & the animate (human vs nonhuman) & inanimate classes of nouns, (6) gender marking in the human & nonhuman classes, (7) the number system, (8) the case system: absolutive, ergative, instrumental, locative, genitive, ablative, dative, benefactive, & comitative, (9) verbal agreement with nouns & pronouns, (10) nominal classifiers, (11) noun reduplication, (12) noun compounding, & (13) noun modifiers: word order between noun & the adjective, demonstrative, numeral, & relative clause. Z. Dubiel Subject: Nouns (59650); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Morphological Complexity (55410); Pronouns (68400); Clitics (12500); Semantics Morphology Relationship (76910); Case (10700); Gender (Grammatical) (27100); India (35100) Classification: 4510: morphology; morphology Title: Noun Morphology in Kuki-Chin Languages Correspondence author: Haukip, Pauthang   Author e-mail address: pauthanghaokip@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 109-129 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007887 ProQuest document ID: 85709771 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709771?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Community, Culture and Curriculum in the Context of Tribal Education in Orissa, India Author: Mishra, Mahendra K11 Orissa Primary Education Programme Authority, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India mkmfolk@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 54-73. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712745?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper aims at exploring two community-based programmes adopted in Orissa as the outcome of "principles" put into "practices" to ensure an equitable quality education. One programme is "Multilingual Education", which aims at imparting mother tongue-based multilingual education to linguistic minority children of the state at primary stage through a thematic approach based on the philosophy of National Curriculum Framework 2005. Tribal communities have contributed their knowledge in framing the curriculum and preparing instructional materials for their children studying in 500 state schools. Some case studies have been presented to examine how community knowledge can be the better instrument for cognitive development in the classroom with a foundation of children's cultural contest, and community's intellectual participation in school. Another programme is "Srujan" (creativity), a cluster approach to education introduced in tribal areas where the school and community members provide a space for children to express their creative ability through community culture and connect this knowledge in the school curriculum. Adapted from the source document Subject: Curriculum Planning (16780); Educational Policy (20940); India (35100); Bilingual Education (08750); Cultural Factors (16500); Multilingualism (55650); Minority Groups (54240) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: Community, Culture and Curriculum in the Context of Tribal Education in Orissa, India Correspondence author: Mishra, Mahendra K   Author e-mail address: mkmfolk@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 54-73 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007379 ProQuest document ID: 85712745 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85712745?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Attitude towards Mother Tongue-A Study of the Tribal Students of Orissa Author: Sinha, Smita11 Dept Linguistics, Berhampur U, Orissa, India smitas6@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 1-18. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714130?accountid=50982 Abstract: Many tribal languages of Orissa are already dead. Many are in the process of dying. Tribal languages can survive only when their speakers want to retain the language. As many accultured tribals are switching over to Oriya and English, the future of tribal languages seems to pose certain threats for survival. This paper aims to study the attitude of tribal students towards their own mother tongue. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indigenous Languages (35320); Endangered Languages (21760); Language Attitudes (41800); Language Use (44610); English (21900); Indic Languages (35300); Native Language (56390) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Attitude towards Mother Tongue-A Study of the Tribal Students of Orissa Correspondence author: Sinha, Smita   Author e-mail address: smitas6@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-18 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008307 ProQuest document ID: 85714130 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85714130?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effective Use of Language in Communicating News through Political Emergency Author: Subramani, R11 Dept Journalism & Mass Communication, Periyar U, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India subbu_mathi71@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 329-341. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715247?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Uttar Pradesh High Court delivered judgment on June 12, 1975, declaring Indira Gandhi's 1971 election invalid. The state of emergency imposed on the whole country by her government in the wake of this decision put in effect a series of censorship measures on all media, publishers, printers, & editors, prohibiting the broadcasting/publication of any news pertaining to the government's action. After outlining the government's guidelines & censorship orders issued to news organizations, some of the strategies adopted by many Tamil newspapers & magazines to voice their opposition to the violation of constitutional rights & continue their mission of informing readers by defying the "Objectionable News Act" are described, including: (1) artful language use (caricature, satire, literary quotes, fables, etcetera), (2) sarcasm based on the citation of excerpts from religious texts, (3) ridicule & mocking while abiding by the censorship rules & regulations, (4) leaving blank pages signifying that a publication of a certain text was stopped by censors, (5) riddles with subtexts critical of the state of emergency, & (6) symbolic quotations. Z. Dubiel Subject: Language Usage (44600); Language Policy (43450); Politics (66480); India (35100); Mass Media (51500); Religions (72750); Humor (32950); Tamil (87650) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Effective Use of Language in Communicating News through Political Emergency Correspondence author: Subramani, R   Author e-mail address: subbu_mathi71@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 329-341 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008336 ProQuest document ID: 85715247 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715247?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Getting around 'Offensive' Language Author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed11 Dept English Language & Literature, Faculty Human Sciences Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 11,  (November 2009): 83-106. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716693?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the English language there are many expressions which may be considered 'offensive' by both native and nonnative speakers because they refer to sexual activity, private parts of the body and human waste, in a very crude and unpleasant manner. They are insulting to fellow human beings, besides being distasteful in other ways. Users may therefore find it repugnant to use such expressions in their discourse. The contemporary English language dictionaries which have included them often describe them as offensive, deeply offensive, and sometimes even carry a warning not to use them. In order to not give the impression that a speaker is rude, insensitive, vulgar, or uncultured, which other alternative words can speakers use? It is especially important for people who live in a society or community which values politeness in language use to be aware of 'bad' language and know how to use words which may be considered free from language unpleasantness. This awareness is not only necessary for nonnative speakers of English, but also for those to whom English is their dominant language of communication. Adapted from the source document Subject: Politeness (66350); Obscenities (60100); English (21900); Dictionaries (18800); Language Usage (44600); Native Speakers (56450); Nonnative Speakers (58230); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Getting around 'Offensive' Language Correspondence author: Ali, Haja Mohideen Bin Mohamed   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 83-106 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008279 ProQuest document ID: 85716693 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85716693?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Issues and Problems in Ph.D. in English-Degree Quality Assurance in Pakistan Author: Bacha, Mian Shah11 U Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan bachamsb@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 55-74. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691086?accountid=50982 Abstract: The primary objective of this article is to find out the possible issues and problems in the Ph.D. degree programmes in Pakistan. It also highlights the importance of higher education with special reference to the Ph.D. degree in English in this country. The reasons given normally for the ineffectiveness of the English Ph.D. degree are the lack of competent faculty members, inadequately equipped libraries, a shortage in the state of the art language labs, insufficient financial support for the given research, unnecessary delays in granting theses, a sense of narrow-mindedness among the language programme supervisors, a lack of the foreign subject specialists, excessive emphasis on the theoretical works, inadequate availability of full time internet access, insufficient collaboration with the foreign universities, and disharmony with overall national needs and requirements. The respondents' agreements with these problems as noted in the survey questionnaire used in this study is more frequent than their disagreements. These discrepancies need to be addressed in order to produce an effective indigenous English Ph.D. programme in Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Curriculum Planning (16780); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Issues and Problems in Ph.D. in English-Degree Quality Assurance in Pakistan Correspondence author: Bacha, Mian Shah   Author e-mail address: bachamsb@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 55-74 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007608 ProQuest document ID: 85691086 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691086?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching the Intangibles-The Role of the English Teacher Author: Menon, S Usha1; Alamelu, C1 Dept English, Easwari Engineering Coll, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India ushrun@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 43-49. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85694746?accountid=50982 Abstract: Many multinational firms have established branch firms in India, offering chances for employment to local populations. It was initially assumed that technical skills & certification would be the desired prerequisites for workers, but it has become recognized that communication, interpersonal, & problem-solving skills are equally necessary. These two sets of skills are referred to as hard & soft, respectively. The hard skills are obtained through technological institutions of higher learning, but there are no special schools for the soft skills. This paper contends that English teachers should equip themselves to teach these skills by adopting changes in their methodology of teaching, classroom management, & assessment/evaluation. Useful changes are suggested that would help enable & empower students through the acquisition of soft skills. S. Stanton Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Business (10100); Globalization (28120); Cross Cultural Communication (16300); Communicative Competence (13650); Problem Solving (67850); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching the Intangibles-The Role of the English Teacher Correspondence author: Menon, S Usha   Author e-mail address: ushrun@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 43-49 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007639 ProQuest document ID: 85694746 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85694746?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Quintessence of Sports Psychology and Language Author: Rajan, A Kaleb11 Faculty Physical Education, PSN Coll Engineering & Technology, Tamilnadu, India kalebrajan@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 95-103. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85699358?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper, I discuss the use of language in spectator sports and point out how language and nonverbal acts help the growth of solidarity among the members of the teams as well as their admirers. I also discuss the psychology of sports and sports persons, and describe how psychology works on the sports field and in training. Psychology has to be channeled through the use of language and nonverbal acts in order to become a reality. Truthfulness and steadfast loyalty to the values of the games need to be cultivated and this will happen only if there is continued pressure from the spectators on the sports persons and sports organizations. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Usage (44600); Sports (83550); Discourse Analysis (19200); Psychology (69205); Interpersonal Behavior (37550); Nonverbal Communication (58500) Classification: 4610: discourse analysis/text linguistics; discourse analysis Title: The Quintessence of Sports Psychology and Language Correspondence author: Rajan, A Kaleb   Author e-mail address: kalebrajan@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 95-103 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007941 ProQuest document ID: 85699358 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85699358?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Socio-Linguistic Constraints of Code Switching in Hindi-English-Kannada Multilinguals Author: Bhattacharjee, Mandira1; Rahman, Natasha; Chengappa, Shyamala K1 All India Instit Speech & Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India mandira44@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 75-89. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709324?accountid=50982 Abstract: Present-day human interaction exposes individuals to various new cultures and environments. Social acceptance becomes a prerequisite in such cases. Awareness of the language and its usage becomes an important event. Thus, the acquisition of local languages takes place in rapid pace. This is when the phenomenon of code switching becomes evident in the individual's language to meet his daily requirements and maintain the association with the new culture and its people. According to the 1971 census report, 13.04% of India's population was bilingual/multilingual (Mahapatra, 1990), which increased to 19.44% for bilinguals and 7.26% for trilinguals as reported by the 1991 census of India. This increasing trend stresses the importance of studies on bilingualism in the Indian context. Most of the studies have observed the pattern of code switching that was studied in typical bilinguals, but there is a vast interaction that takes place between languages in case of multilinguals. So, this study was taken up to consider the language transfer function in multilinguals with Hindi as their first language, English as their second language, and Kannada as their third language. We study code switching patterns, i.e., syntactic juncture, grammatical significance, the sociolinguistic context of the listener, language context, and word dominance. The present study is twofold: it examines the linguistic forms of Hindi-English-Kannada code switching in multilinguals and it explores its socio-cultural connotations. Adapted from the source document Subject: Code Switching (12650); India (35100); Multilingualism (55650); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Use (44610); English (21900); Hindi (31950); Kannada (40400) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: Socio-Linguistic Constraints of Code Switching in Hindi-English-Kannada Multilinguals Correspondence author: Bhattacharjee, Mandira   Author e-mail address: mandira44@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 75-89 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007500 ProQuest document ID: 85709324 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709324?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Conversational Cloze As a Measure of Ability in English in Indian Schools Author: Rana, Sohel11 Dept Linguistics, Aligarh Muslim U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India sohel.rana4@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 31-42. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85711015?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims to bridge the gap between English language teaching and mother tongue teaching (Bengali). The main focus of the present study was to measure the comprehension level of the informants in English Conversational Cloze tests in both English and Bengali medium schools to identify the level of command they have for the second language (English) in Standards XI and XII. In addition to this primary focus, the study also looked into the way a cloze differentiates among levels of proficiency as well as the practicality of the technique as a language testing tool. We earnestly hope that the findings of the present study will help in redesigning the curriculum of English language teaching and mother tongue teaching in the schools of West Bengal. The experiment is presented here in the following format: first, the paper deals with describing the materials and methods followed for this study and then it presents and discusses the results. Finally, the paper summarizes the findings and concludes with some general remarks. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cloze Procedure (12600); English Proficiency (22335); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Native Language Instruction (56400); Language of Instruction (43180); Language Tests (44250); Curriculum Planning (16780); India (35100); Bengali (08200) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Conversational Cloze As a Measure of Ability in English in Indian Schools Correspondence author: Rana, Sohel   Author e-mail address: sohel.rana4@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 31-42 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007444 ProQuest document ID: 85711015 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85711015?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Reality and Challenges for Tamil in a Multilingual Environment. Tamil in Malaysia: An Essay in Tamil Author: Lal, Sam Mohan11 Dept Malaysian Languages & Linguistics, U Malaya, Kuala Lumpur sammohanlal@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 132-168. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85711406?accountid=50982 Abstract: This essay in Tamil was the keynote address delivered at The International Conference on Tamil Linguistics, conducted by the Department of Malaysian Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Conference was held on 23-24 October 2009. The linguistic sitution in Malaysia and the place of Tamil in that situation are discussed in this address. A historical perspective of the prevailing situation, Tamil language use, coinage of terms, retention of dialectal forms, and special characteristics of Malaysian Tamil, in addition to the impact Tamil has received from other major Malaysian languages (Malay and Chinese) are presented and discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tamil (87650); Multilingualism (55650); Malaysia (50800); Language Use (44610); Diachronic Linguistics (18500); Dialects (18750); Language Varieties (44650); Language Contact (42100); Malay (50740); Chinese (12100) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: Reality and Challenges for Tamil in a Multilingual Environment. Tamil in Malaysia: An Essay in Tamil Correspondence author: Lal, Sam Mohan   Author e-mail address: sammohanlal@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 132-168 Number of pages: 37 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930 -2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007516 ProQuest document ID: 85711406 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85711406?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching and Learning a Classical-Modern Language-Some Thoughts Relating to Tamil Author: Thirumalai, M S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 169-172. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713353?accountid=50982 Abstract: The author contends that "language is a product of history," even though the historical development generally receives only minimal attention in language teaching. This paper examines the teaching & learning of classical stages of languages in India, focusing on Tamil, which requires that both historical & currently used rules be taught for full understanding of the language today as well as of historical texts. S. Stanton Subject: Tamil (87650); Language Acquisition (41600); Native Language Instruction (56400); Language History (42600); India (35100) Classification: 4111: applied linguistics; native language instruction Title: Teaching and Learning a Classical-Modern Language-Some Thoughts Relating to Tamil Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: msthirumalai2@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 169-172 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007388 ProQuest document ID: 85713353 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85713353?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Robustness of Free Reading in Second and Foreign Language Education Author: Ponniah, R Joseph11 Dept English, National Instit Technology, Trichirappalli, Tamilnadu, India joseph_pnnh@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 9, Iss. 12,  (December 2009): 20-30. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715803?accountid=50982 Abstract: Free reading is a powerful tool that provides input in a low-anxiety situation. Free reading is consistent with the Comprehension Hypothesis that learners acquire language when they focus on the meaning of the text they read. A brief review of studies on free reading reveals that reading has greater gains in all measures of language competence, with a strong impact on writing style, vocabulary, grammar, and reading fluency. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Processes (71150); Second Language Reading (75930); Second Language Learning (75850); Reading Materials (71100); Anxiety (03350); Reading Comprehension (70750); Meaning (52200); Fluency (24910) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: The Robustness of Free Reading in Second and Foreign Language Education Correspondence author: Ponniah, R Joseph   Author e-mail address: joseph_pnnh@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Pages: 20-30 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2009 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007426 ProQuest document ID: 85715803 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715803?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Interaction between Bilingualism, Educational and Social Factors and Foreign Language Leaning in Iran Author: Maghsoudi, Mojtaba11 Payam Noor U Shazand, Arak, Iran maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 167-193. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896434?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main concern of the present study was to probe the probable differences between Iranian bilingual/monolingual learners of English regarding their syntactic knowledge. It was an attempt to investigate whether bilingual and monolingual learners of English differ significantly in learning embedded question, preposition stranding and pied piping knowledge. To carry out this study, a total of 399 male and female subjects at seven pre-university centers in Arak were randomly selected from among two groups of Turkish-Persian bilinguals and Persian monolinguals. A general English proficiency test, a questionnaire, and a syntactic structure test were administered to both groups. Statistical analyses including ANOVA, t-test, post-hoc Scheffe test, and descriptive statistics revealed the following outcomes: 1. Monolingual and bilingual learners did not differ in acquiring syntactic structure. 2. No significant difference was observed between gender of monolinguals and bilinguals' performances in acquiring syntactic structure. 3. Learners whose parents are in low educational level had significantly lower scores in syntactic structure compared to learners whose parents are in high educational level. 4. Monolingual participants surpassed bilingual participants in general English proficiency. 5. Learners with high SES had significantly higher scores in general English proficiency than learners from low SES. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bilingualism (08850); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Iran (38300); Social Factors (79910); Syntactic Structures (86770); Learning Processes (45950); English Proficiency (22335); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); Socioeconomic Status (80150); Turkish (91900); Persian (63700) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: The Interaction between Bilingualism, Educational and Social Factors and Foreign Language Leaning in Iran Correspondence author: Maghsoudi, Mojtaba   Author e-mail address: maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 167-193 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101437 ProQuest document ID: 852896434 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896434?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Reported Perceptions and Practices of English Language Teachers at Secondary Level in Pakistan Author: Hafeez, Muhammad RAshid1; Asif, Saiqa Imtiaz1 Dept English, BZU Multan, Pakistan safnaan@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 290-300. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896512?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teachers' perceptions and attitudes play an important role in teaching learning process. The present descriptive study, part of a PhD thesis, attempts to measure the attitudes, experiences and perceptions of the English language teachers at secondary level in Pakistan. The study is significant in that it helps to compare the teachers' perception of how language learning takes place with their reported classroom practice. To accomplish the desired goal, the study employed a survey instrument i.e. a questionnaire, to collect data from 100 English language teachers at the secondary level. The sample was equally divided among the male-female and urban-rural demographic variables. The questionnaire was pilot tested before administration to the sample. The Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.82. The findings of the study revealed that there was a great difference between the teachers' perception of how the English language should be taught and their actual practices in the classroom. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Secondary Education (76300); Pakistan (62200); Teacher Attitudes (87840); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Learning Processes (45950); Teacher Education (87850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Reported Perceptions and Practices of English Language Teachers at Secondary Level in Pakistan Correspondence author: Hafeez, Muhammad RAshid   Author e-mail address: safnaan@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 290-300 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101520 ProQuest document ID: 852896512 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896512?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Selection Procedure for English Language Teachers' Professional Development Courses of HEC Pakistan-A Case Study Author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal1; Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz1 Abdul Wali Khan U, Mardan, Pakistan aburohaan2004@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 82-100. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896574?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study sought to explore selection/nomination procedure for the trainees as well as the resource persons for the teachers' professional development courses of the English Language Teaching Reforms (ELTR) Project of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. The researchers administered a questionnaire to 740 trainees and used semi-structured interviews with the 10 trainees and 20 resource persons to evaluate the selection/nomination procedure adopted by the HEC. The researchers found that the ELTR Project of the HEC could not make merit- and need-based selection/nomination of the trainees. It also exposed the negligence, regarding making merit-based selection of the resource persons, on part of the ELTR Project officials of the HEC. The researchers recommended that in order to make the teachers' professional development courses of the ELTR Project successful, the HEC ought to hold the stake by making fair selections/nominations, devising a fool-proof mechanism for the follow-up of the trainees and by providing facilities to the trainees for implementation of the training input. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Education (87850); Pakistan (62200); Case Studies (10820); Educational Policy (20940); Higher Education (31750); Surveys (86000); Interviews (37950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Selection Procedure for English Language Teachers' Professional Development Courses of HEC Pakistan-A Case Study Correspondence author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal   Author e-mail address: aburohaan2004@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 82-100 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101530 ProQuest document ID: 852896574 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896574?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language in Politics of Recognition-A Case of the Nepali Language in the Creation of Political Identity of the Nepalis in Darjeeling Author: Pradhan, Alina11 Dept Political Science, Darjeeling Government Coll, West Bengal, India alinatjp_9@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 222-231. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896818?accountid=50982 Abstract: The struggle of the Nepalese minority of Darjeeling, India, for the recognition of their language & ethnic identity is related, discussing: (1) the importance of language in defining individual & ethnic identity, (2) ethnic identity movements in postcolonial India, (3) constitutional provisions & the linguistic reorganization of states in India, (4) the history of the Nepalese communities in the Darjeeling District, West Bengal State, (5) the many names for the Nepalese language in Darjeeling: Nepali, Khas Kura, Parbatya, Pahari, & Gorkhali, (6) Nepalese artistic & religious literature & grammars, (7) the rise of a movement to promote Nepalese language & literature in Darjeeling, (8) the Nepalese linguistic movement: Nepali as a medium of instruction in schools & universities & the language of job examinations, (9) the movement for the constitutional recognition of Nepali, (10) Nepali vs Gorkha: the same language with two names & two separate advocacy movements, & (11) the constitutional recognition of Nepali by the Indian parliament in 1992. Z. Dubiel Subject: Linguistic Identity (47470); Political Factors (66453); Indic Languages (35300); India (35100); Minority Groups (54240); Minority Languages (54250); Cultural Identity (16570); Language Policy (43450); Language of Instruction (43180) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Language in Politics of Recognition-A Case of the Nepali Language in the Creation of Political Identity of the Nepalis in Darjeeling Correspondence author: Pradhan, Alina   Author e-mail address: alinatjp_9@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 222-231 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201102129 ProQuest document ID: 852896818 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896818?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ELT in Libyan Universities-A Pragmatic Approach Author: Rajendran, S11 Govt. Degree Coll, Jedcherla, Andhra Pradesh, India rajen120000@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 63-71. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896819?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching English language and literature is an uphill task in Libyan universities. Not only are the students first generation learners but they have also been affected by the pull of their mother tongue and special writing style. The experience of a foreign teacher in the universities of Libya is challenging and enriching as well. Lack of interest and motivation and competitive spirit on the part of students, non-availability of study materials, books, journals and news papers, absence of scholarly ambience and some of the blocks which hinder the process of learning the English language. However, there are also special attributes found in them such as their amazing memory power, communicative English, their eagerness to listen to stories their sense of humour, etc. Teaching English could be a rewarding experience in Libya if the teacher is imbibed with understanding, appreciation, encouragement and the skills for using appropriate, pragmatic teaching strategies so that the inherent talents of students could be brought out and enhanced. Hence, this paper focuses on the pragmatic approach to the teaching English to the Libyan students at the university level. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Libya (47250); Pragmatics (66850); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Higher Education (31750); Motivation (55580); Student Attitudes (84725); Communicative Competence (13650); Cultural Differences (16400) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: ELT in Libyan Universities-A Pragmatic Approach Correspondence author: Rajendran, S   Author e-mail address: rajen120000@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 63-71 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101548 ProQuest document ID: 852896819 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896819?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effective Teaching of English: A CLT Perspective for Haryana Author: Ms Daisy11 Dept English, BPS Memorial Girls' Coll, BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, Khanpur Kalan (Sonipat), Haryana, India daisynehra@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 56-62. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896896?accountid=50982 Abstract: After sketching the situation in English as a second language didactic in India today, the communicative language teaching (CLT) method is presented, & its implementation at the U of Haryana is discussed. The beginnings of the CLT are traced to the early 1970s, & the method's objectives, & activities with which the student's communicative competence is developed, are described. The CLT-based curriculum elaborated & taught at the U of Haryana is described, & positive personal experience of teaching it is reported. Suggestions are offered how to improve pedagogical effectiveness & students' learning performance in the CLT approach. Z. Dubiel Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); India (35100); Higher Education (31750); History of Language Teaching (32144); Communicative Competence (13650); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effective Teaching of English: A CLT Perspective for Haryana Correspondence author: Ms Daisy   Author e-mail address: daisynehra@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 56-62 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101542 ProQuest document ID: 852896896 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896896?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Prospective Teachers of English in India: A Perspective Author: Tasildar, Ravindra B Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 285-289. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896909?accountid=50982 Abstract: India has always felt a grave shortage of teachers of English at every level of education. It seems that enough attention is not paid to this long-term requirement of the nation. With the failure to implement the recommendations of various commissions and committees, the increase in the enrollment of students, rapid growth of English medium schools and introduction of English from class I, the paucity of teachers has continued to haunt even in the present century. This has led the National Knowledge Commission (2006) to recommend to induct graduates with high proficiency in English and good communication skills without formal teacher-training qualifications as teachers in schools. Despite a number of new job opportunities available today, majority of the students admitted to B.A. (Special English, or variously called Honours, Major, Principal English, etc.) and M.A. (English) courses aspire to enter the teaching profession. The term Special English has been used in this paper as used in the Report of Curriculum Development Centre (1989). This paper is an attempt to link the requirement of the nation with the aspirations of these students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Education (87850); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Language of Instruction (43180); Language Proficiency (43570); Communicative Competence (13650); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Prospective Teachers of English in India: A Perspective Correspondence author: Tasildar, Ravindra B   Author e-mail address: ravishmi1@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 285-289 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101555 ProQuest document ID: 852896909 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896909?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Extensive Reading and Reading Strategies: A Try-Out Author: Kirubahar, J Samuel1; Subashini, A1 Research Centre English, VHNSN Coll, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India samuelkirubhakar@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 124-152. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896932?accountid=50982 Abstract: A report of a test in extensive reading effectiveness for teaching English as a second language to Indian undergraduates is preceded with a general discussion on the following topics: (1) a definition of reading, (2) the process of reading, (3) a classification of reading skills; F. B. Davis's (1968) proposal, (4) types & modes of reading: intensive reading, extensive reading, skimming, & scanning, (5) reading in second language teaching: conventional & unconventional reading material, (6) extensive reading in second language teaching: the role of the student & the teacher, (7) classroom activities in extensive reading for the purpose of second language learning, (8) the impact of technological advances on extensive reading: the use of electronic texts as reading material, (9) the limitations & benefits of extensive reading, & (10) types of material suitable for extensive reading in the second language classroom. Freshmen at the Virudhunagar Hindu Nadar's Senthikumara Nadar College in the Tamil Nadu State participated in extensive reading activities in their English as a second language instruction, & their reading comprehension & vocabulary command were tested using cloze & yes/no questionnaires. Results showed that the extensive reading approach considerably advances students' skills in the target language. Z. Dubiel Subject: Reading Processes (71150); Reading Strategies (71400); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Reading (75930); India (35100); College Students (13250); Reading Materials (71100); Cloze Procedure (12600) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Extensive Reading and Reading Strategies: A Try-Out Correspondence author: Kirubahar, J Samuel   Author e-mail address: samuelkirubhakar@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 124-152 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101531 ProQuest document ID: 852896932 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896932?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Morph-Synthesizer for Oriya Language A Computational Approach Author: Mohapatra, Rudranarayan; Hembram, Lipi Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 205-211. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896967?accountid=50982 Abstract: Dealing with agglutinative languages like Oriya, Morph-Synthesizer plays a vital role for machine translation system in order to increase the output accuracy level. To build a morph-synthesizer for a language, it is necessary to take care of the morphological peculiarities of the language, specifically in Machine Translation (MT). In this paper, we describe our work on rule-based Oriya morph-synthesizer. Here we have concentrated only on the synthesis of the Nouns. Noun synthesis in Oriya depends upon the feature (animacy and honorific) and demands the semantic account and behaviors of the noun-endings. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computational Linguistics (14100); Agglutinative Languages (01180); Indic Languages (35300); Machine Translation (50250); Morphology (55500); Nouns (59650); Animacy and Inanimacy (03100); Honorifics (32770); Semantics (76850) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Morph-Synthesizer for Oriya Language A Computational Approach Correspondence author: Mohapatra, Rudranarayan   Author e-mail address: Rudra1979@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 205-211 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101877 ProQuest document ID: 852896967 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852896967?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Application of Skills Integration in Language Teaching Author: Deneme, Selma1; Ada, Selen1 Dept ELT, Trakya U, Edirne, Turkey selmadeneme@trakya.edu.tr Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 9-18. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897079?accountid=50982 Abstract: Skills are the building blocks of language learning process. They are effective elements of teaching and learning process. Nowadays a striking debate has arisen shortly on the discrimination of teaching language skills cooperatively. Teaching language is a comprehensive and complex process so in order to make this process effective and simple, skills integration is an advisable way of teaching language. It is a well-known fact that four language skills are rarely used alone in everyday life. Integrating language skills helps language learners to develop their ability in using two or more of the four skills within real context and also in their real life. All the language skills are vital in teaching and learning process and combination of the language skills has positive effects on student success. Reviewing the relevant literature in the field, this study aims to suggest a lesson model to teach language by integrating language skills cooperatively. In order to apply the technique, reading, listening, writing and speaking skills are integrated cooperatively in a chosen topic of "Maldive Island". Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Second Language Learning (75850); Learning Processes (45950); Communicative Competence (13650); Reading Instruction (70950); Listening Comprehension (48450); Written Language Instruction (99200) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: An Application of Skills Integration in Language Teaching Correspondence author: Deneme, Selma   Author e-mail address: selmadeneme@trakya.edu.tr Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 9-18 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101333 ProQuest document ID: 852897079 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897079?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Trends in Language Shift and Maintenance in the Eranad Dialect of Malayalam Author: Saidalavi, C11 Dept Malayalam, WMO Arts & Science Coll, Muttil, Wayanad, Kerala, India Said_Alavi27@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 153-160. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897231?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study tries to explore the changing trends of Eranad dialect of Malayalam in terms of their language attitude. The research problem is, to investigate whether there is any language shift or language maintenance among the Mappilas using Eranad dialect of Malayalam and if so, what role attitude plays in the shift and maintenance of their language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Shift (43750); Language Maintenance (42950); Dialects (18750); Malayalam (50770); Language Attitudes (41800); Language Use (44610) Classification: 5117: descriptive linguistics; dialectology Title: Trends in Language Shift and Maintenance in the Eranad Dialect of Malayalam Correspondence author: Saidalavi, C   Author e-mail address: Said_Alavi27@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 153-160 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101929 ProQuest document ID: 852897231 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897231?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Official Ways to Subjugate Languages-School Setting as a Cause of Pahari Dhundi-Kairali Decline Author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz1; Khattak, Zafar Iqbal1 Bahauddin Zakariya U, Multan, Pakistan gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 19-27. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897299?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the study of language shift and maintenance, school has an important role to play. Language taught in schools represents both a tendency of the community and the policy of the government toward a certain language. School is a place where most of the times the new generation is purged of the local native languages. Pahari Dhundi-Kairali or Dhundi and often known and used as Pahari (Abbasi et al, 2010: 207) is an indigenous language of Murree and its adjoining areas in Pakistan. This language has also been silently declared an outcast in the governments as well as private schools. This paper looks at the outlook of the teachers regarding their/and their students' use of Urdu, English and Pahari languages in schools. We notice that Urdu is viewed as a prestigious language whereas Pahari is not considered a valuable language enough to be taught and used in the so-called disciplined environment of school. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Shift (43750); Language Maintenance (42950); Language Policy (43450); Educational Policy (20940); Indigenous Languages (35320); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Hindi (31950); Language Status (43920) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Official Ways to Subjugate Languages-School Setting as a Cause of Pahari Dhundi-Kairali Decline Correspondence author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz   Author e-mail address: gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 19-27 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201102120 ProQuest document ID: 852897299 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897299?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching the Extra-Essentiality of Bringing Eclecticism into Classroom Author: Bojan, Rajesh11 Dept English, Anna U, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India rajeshbojan@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 9,  (0, 2010): 48-55. https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897412?accountid=50982 Abstract: What they learnt is different from what we learn (today) and what we learn would be different from what they will learn (tomorrow). The difference is not in terms of what is learnt, but on how it is learnt. The field of language teaching has always remained exposed to such change. At every specific period, learners had variety of expectations and followed different techniques to fulfill them. Learners were exposed to strategies that were believed to be effective in terms of language acquisition. Strategies like Communicative language teaching and Cooperative language learning have been accepted and acclaimed by many to be very innovative and highly effective. But, no matter how best a strategy is, if we simply fail to look forward, update and adapt to any advancement, it is definitely impossible to retain the quality of learning. It is with the background of such a principle, this paper is specifically structured to focus on the necessity and benefits of extra-teaching as well as the essentiality of bringing the concept of eclecticism into classroom. Adapted from the source document Subject: History of Language Teaching (32144); Learning Strategies (46000); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Learning (75850); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Collaboration (13220) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Teaching the Extra-Essentiality of Bringing Eclecticism into Classroom Correspondence author: Bojan, Rajesh   Author e-mail address: rajeshbojan@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 9 Pages: 48-55 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-02-01 Accession number: 201101327 ProQuest document ID: 852897412 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/852897412?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Teaching-The Present Day Challenges Author: Rao, D Kanta1; Thilakha, J M Kanthi1 Dept English, Godavari Instit Engineering & Technology, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India dkantarao@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 218-225. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85617045?accountid=50982 Abstract: If language teachers teach as they taught earlier, then one may not achieve the required goals of teaching English in the present global scenario. This paper deals with the importance of teaching English to fulfill the ever growing demands of English. The methods and approaches adopted or followed by teachers in the past to teach English language, the lacunae in their language teaching which is the second language for both teacher and students is discussed. Challenges for teachers in present-day English language teaching are taken up in this study. The way in which students can put their learning into practice in day-to-day use to fulfill their practical demands through effective communication skills apart from gaining command over the English language is highlighted. This paper also deals with various language games which are introduced in teaching to create interest of students in learning English language apart from conventional learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as an International Language (22200); Globalization (28120); Communicative Competence (13650); Word Games (97600) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Language Teaching-The Present Day Challenges Correspondence author: Rao, D Kanta   Author e-mail address: dkantarao@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 218-225 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007648 ProQuest document ID: 85617045 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85617045?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Conveniences and Complexities of Computer-Aided Language Learning Author: Yugandhar, K1; Srinivas, V; Rao, A Ramakrishna1 Dept Humanities & Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological U, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India yogi_english@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 188-195. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85683312?accountid=50982 Abstract: Computer Assisted Language Learning is a relatively new and rapidly evolving academic field that exposes the role of information and technology involved in language learning and teaching. Computers provide an excellent ambience conducive to second language learning in any aspect of the target language, be it vocabulary, composition, pronunciation or other linguistic and pragmatic skills. But many English teachers believe that the use of computer software and programs cannot become the premier part of their arena. Some suggestions to reconcile these opposing viewpoints are suggested. Ideal CALL course material remains not an alternative but an extended application in reinforcing classroom activities. Eventually, CALL will enable students to receive individualized attention from both teachers and machines to a degree that has hitherto been impossible. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Vocabulary Learning (94855); Writing Acquisition (98570); Pronunciation (68500); Computer Software (14360); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Conveniences and Complexities of Computer-Aided Language Learning Correspondence author: Yugandhar, K   Author e-mail address: yogi_english@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 188-195 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007662 ProQuest document ID: 85683312 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85683312?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Multiple Intelligences and Second Language Learning Author: Diravidamani, S11 Bharathiar U, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India boss_babies@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 345-348. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85683354?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper focuses on using multiple intelligences in acquiring second language. I take a few stanzas of the poem 'The Fly' by William Blake and analyze the poem linguistically and involve my student-friends to interact so that inter- and intrapersonal intelligences can be built in. This is possible in a classroom situation where students can easily be made to develop their intelligences and learn the language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Intelligence (36450); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Poetry (66150); Educational Activities (20910); Reading Comprehension (70750); Reading Materials (71100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Multiple Intelligences and Second Language Learning Correspondence author: Diravidamani, S   Author e-mail address: boss_babies@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 345-348 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholar ly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007671 ProQuest document ID: 85683354 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85683354?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Silent Way Author: Selvalakshmi, A11 Sri Sarada Coll Women (Autonomous), Salem, Tamilnadu, India selvalakshmi.masc@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 248-252. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691313?accountid=50982 Abstract: Among the new methods for language teaching developed during the 20th century is Calels Gattegno's "silent way." Related to the "problem-solving approaches to learning," its premise is that the teacher, rather than lecturing, should encourage the learner to speak as much as possible because, as Benjamin Franklin said: "Tell me & I forget, teach me & I remember, involve me & I learn." Methods for teaching the "silent way" are outlined, including sound/color charts. S. Stanton Subject: Language Teaching Methods (44100); Second Language Instruction (75700); Learning Strategies (46000); Silence (78700); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); 20th Century (1901-2000) (00010) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Silent Way Correspondence author: Selvalakshmi, A   Author e-mail address: selvalakshmi.masc@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 248-252 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007650 ProQuest document ID: 85691313 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691313?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Practices and Paradigms of Using Multimedia and Language Laboratory for Teaching Communication Skills to Technical Students Author: Yugandhar, K1; Srinivas, V; Rao, A Ramakrishna1 Dept Humanities & Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological U, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India yogi_english@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 204-210. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691346?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper explores technical and pedagogical prospects in linking multimedia and language laboratories to teach communication skills to technical students. A variety of data, audio and visual sources, is used in the study for the analysis. Learners are given the opportunity to get exposure to various real-world environments using the target language in the language laboratory. This exposure facilitates the students to observe and imitate model users of English. Through this, the processes that the learners actually engaged in while interpreting and carrying out multimedia tasks and group activities are illustrated. A process and eclectic-driven study is made with the ultimate goal of using the laboratory technology effectively. The study focuses on teaching listening, speaking, reading, writing skills, nonverbal communication and speech receptive behaviour using multimedia and language laboratory. The findings emerged from the teaching learning process in computer-aided language learning laboratory are critically examined. In the end, factors that help the integration of multimedia and language laboratory into the training of communication skills to technical students are inferred from the study. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English for Special Purposes (22300); Scientific Technical Language (75350); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Multimedia (55660); Language Laboratories (42850); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Practices and Paradigms of Using Multimedia and Language Laboratory for Teaching Communication Skills to Technical Students Correspondence author: Yugandhar, K   Author e-mail address: yogi_english@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 204-210 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007663 ProQuest document ID: 85691346 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691346?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching in Developing Countries. Error Analysis and Remedial Teaching Methods-An Overview Author: Krishnalalitha, K A11 Dept English, Amrita School Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Krishna_lalithasamy@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 159-164. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691645?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper analyses the common errors committed by ESL learners. It also focuses on the remedial teaching methodology. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching in Developing Countries. Error Analysis and Remedial Teaching Methods-An Overview Correspondence author: Krishnalalitha, K A   Author e-mail address: Krishna_lalithasamy@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 159-164 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007632 ProQuest document ID: 85691645 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85691645?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Is Literature a Viable Medium for ESL Acquisition? Author: Sakthivel, V1; Kavidha, N1 Dept English, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar Coll Engineering, Tiruchendur, Tamilnadu, India v.sakthivel@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 226-231. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85694778?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is suggested that because of the interrelations among 7life, literature, & language, literature is an excellent means for mastering a language. As the reader becomes emotionally involved in the story, the patterns of sentences & phrases & the different meanings of words are absorbed with little effort. Ways in which ESL teachers can incorporate literature in their curriculum are suggested. S. Stanton Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Literature (49250); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Reading Comprehension (70750); Emotions (21600); Reading Processes (71150); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Is Literature a Viable Medium for ESL Acquisition? Correspondence author: Sakthivel, V   Author e-mail address: v.sakthivel@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 226-231 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007649 ProQuest document ID: 85694778 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85694778?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Problems of Teaching/Learning Tenses Author: Vijaya, K R1; Viswanath, Latha1 Dept English, Rajalakshmi Engineering Coll, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India viji.murari@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 92-97. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700310?accountid=50982 Abstract: Theory and practice of language teaching is characterized by frequent changes. Teachers are expected to work within the rigid framework of the principles of grammar. In the field of Technical English in Engineering Colleges, the teachers' aim is to make the students acquire communication skills, listening skill, reading skill and for the use of English to meet the demands of business. This paper focuses on the difficulties of teaching and learning Technical English especially tenses. Communicative language teaching enables students to perform spontaneously, but it cannot guarantee linguistic accuracy. Tense errors are the most common errors and are difficult to remedy. The students are also confused about the use of proper tenses and are demotivated. This paper discusses how teachers of grammar can facilitate learning appropriate grammar and how we can enable the students to discover the rules of usage on their own. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Tense (88500); Grammar Instruction (28550); Scientific Technical Language (75350); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Higher Education (31750); Reading Comprehension (70750); Listening Comprehension (48450) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Problems of Teaching/Learning Tenses Correspondence author: Vijaya, K R   Author e-mail address: viji.murari@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 92-97 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007656 ProQuest document ID: 85700310 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85700310?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effectiveness of Group Investigation Model and Simulation Model in Teaching English Author: Athyal, John George1; Dutt, Maya1 Christian Coll, Chengannur, Kerala, India johnathyal@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 330-337. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709537?accountid=50982 Abstract: The emphasis of this paper is on the importance of language ability to a person's overall growth & development & the failure of past methods of English teaching in India to improve communication skills that lead to such development. Following an assessment of methods that have not worked in Indian classrooms, new models of teaching developed by Bruce Joyce & Marsha Weil (1997) are discussed. Four sets of models -- grouped into the social, information-processing, personal, & behavioral systems families -- help students overcome mental barriers to learning English in the cooperative environment of "group investigation," promoted as the most direct route to developing a community of learners. This concept derives from John Dewey's notion that "education in a democratic society should teach the democratic process directly." It is concluded that the appropriate aim of teaching is to guide, inspire, & motivate students to learn together as a cooperative group. S. Stanton Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Collaboration (13220); Motivation (55580); Learning Strategies (46000); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effectiveness of Group Investigation Model and Simulation Model in Teaching English Correspondence author: Athyal, John George   Author e-mail address: johnathyal@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 330-337 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 19 30-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007607 ProQuest document ID: 85709537 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85709537?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context: Tamil in Pondicherry Author: Ramamoorthy, L11 Dept Asian Languages & Culture, U Michigan, Ann Arbor lrmurthy@umich.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 1-91. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85711715?accountid=50982 Abstract: Tamil is a dynamic living language with ancient heritage and moorings. Continuously spoken and written for over 2000 years, Tamil offers many interesting dimensions for us to investigate. Arguments in favor of some form of linguistic purism to maintain the distinctive characteristic of Tamil have their roots in an ancient grammar, possibly written two thousand years ago. That the same tendency comes up with great vigor in modern times is amazing, and deserves a deep study in conjunction with sociological, political, cultural and even economic factors. In this monograph I undertake this study of linguistic purism in a multilingual context, drawing materials from the Union Territory of Pondicherry, where the majority of the people speak Tamil as their first language. Pondicherry was a colony of the French, and had been ceded to the Indian Union by the French in 1962. This Union Territory has three enclaves: the Tamil enclave surrounded by Tamilnadu, a Malayalam enclave surrounded by Kerala, where Malayalam is the dominant language, and a Telugu enclave surrounded by Andhra Pradesh, where Telugu is the dominant language. In addition, because of Aurobindo cultus, a good number of Bengalis find their residence in Pondicherry. In addition, since joining the Indian Union, a good number of the speakers of the Indo-Aryan family of languages have arrived to pursue their business and other interests. Again, modern New Age Movement followers from Europe and America make Pondicherry their destination for spiritual and corporate living in Auroville. Language planning becomes, then, very complex. Added to this mix is the demand and insistence on pursuing linguistic purism in so far as Tamil is concerned. When Hindi and other Indian languages seek their renewal and enrichment deleting commonly used Urdu-Persian-Arabic words and constructions, and drawing heavily from Sanskrit sources, Tamil, another classical language of India, with continuity as its important distinguishing mark, seeks to strengthen and enlarge its domains of use drawing from its own ancient sources, etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Purism (43590); Language Planning (43400); Tamil (87650); Multilingualism (55650); Language Grammars (42565); Language History (42600); Historiography (32140); Colonialism (13410); Indo Iranian Languages (35430) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context: Tamil in Pondicherry Correspondence author: Ramamoorthy, L   Author e-mail address: lrmurthy@umich.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-91 Number of pages: 91 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201008305 ProQuest document ID: 85711715 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85711715?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Multimedia in Teaching Writing in English Author: Nagaraj, P1; Thamban, Sindhu1 c/o Thamban-Dept English & Foreign Languages, Bharathiar U, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India sindhuthamban@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 1,  (January 2010): 355-358. https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715835?accountid=50982 Abstract: Today's educational technology gives teachers access to a variety of technological aids to help achieve their goals. This paper explores the value of computers in English language teaching in India & describes the strategies adopted by the authors to teach story writing on the computer using the process genre approach. In one instance, winter scenery displayed on the monitor helped the students write a story about being in the Himalayan region in winter. S. Stanton Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Written Language Instruction (99200); Multimedia (55660); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Writing Strategies (98780); Discourse/Text Genres (19280); India (35100) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: The Role of Multimedia in Teaching Writing in English Correspondence author: Nagaraj, P   Author e-mail address: sindhuthamban@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 355-358 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-04-01 Accession number: 201007491 ProQuest document ID: 85715835 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/85715835?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Challenges and Problems in the Teaching of Grammar Author: Mishra, Prashant11 Dept English, S. V. Government P.G. Coll, Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh, India drprashant_mishra@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 175-187. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744444379?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching grammar has always remained a controversial subject as the method and material adopted in teaching it. L1 learners learn their mother tongue intuitively, but for L2 learners teaching of grammar becomes inevitable in order to acquaint them with the norms of the target language. In the 21st century, so many paradigms -- Structuralism, Transformational Generative Grammar, Functional Grammar, Pragmatics, etc. -- came into existence and bewildered the language teachers with their jargon and hypotheses. A grammar teacher remains in a state of confusion to decide whether he should follow the old prescriptive approach or the descriptive approach of the Structural Linguists; whether he should aim at the achievement of grammatical competence or communicative competence of the learners; whether he should concentrate on the parts of sentences by parsing them or on the utterances of the speakers; whether a teacher should concentrate in his pedagogy on the teaching of rules or the correct use of language. The paper attempts to explore the challenges and problems faced by a language teacher in the teaching of grammar. It is written in the light of the necessity of grammar teaching to maintain intelligibility and comprehensibility of the speech of the learners of the second language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Grammar Instruction (28550); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Generative Grammar (27350); Functional Grammar (26440); Pragmatics (66850); Structuralist Linguistics (84700); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Challenges and Problems in the Teaching of Grammar Correspondence author: Mishra, Prashant   Author e-mail address: drprashant_mishra@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 175-187 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201011025 ProQuest document ID: 744444379 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744444379?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of Language in Effective Managerial Communication Author: Jha, Madhulika11 Instit English & Business Communication, Amity U, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India madhulikaj@amity.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 126-137. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744444989?accountid=50982 Abstract: Business success depends for a large part on having successful managers to build, develop, & run businesses. This paper discusses why some managers are more successful than others & demonstrates that their acumen stems from effective communication. They must accurately transmit information, opinions, & decisions in an efficient & confident manner. The author emphasizes the role of competent communication in the manager's accomplishment of complex tasks; analyzes different types of managerial communication & their implications for managerial efficiency; & demonstrates how good managerial communication serves to integrate relations both within & outside the company, harmonize interests, & create premises to attain set goals. The paper concludes by elaborating some psychological techniques for modern management. S. Stanton Subject: Business Communication (10110); Language Usage (44600); Discourse Strategies (19255); Communicative Competence (13650); Psychology (69205) Classification: 5510: interpersonal behavior and communication; interpersonal and group communication, behavior, and relationships Title: Role of Language in Effective Managerial Communication Correspondence author: Jha, Madhulika   Author e-mail address: madhulikaj@amity.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 126-137 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201012078 ProQuest document ID: 744444989 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744444989?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Think-Aloud Protocol-Elicitation of Strategy Use and Solution to Learning Problem Author: Beena, Philip M11 Govt. Higher Secondary School, Azchavattom, Calicut, Kerala, India noonebeena@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 228-237. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744445461?accountid=50982 Abstract: In a fast moving world of teaching and learning, where does one find time to trace the thought processes of a learner, and that too in teaching/learning English as a Second Language, might be the first doubt raised by an average teacher when she comes across the term 'think-aloud protocol'. This paper tries to clear the doubt by giving substantial theoretical and experimental support. 'Think-aloud protocol' is one of the techniques practiced by teachers to elicit the learning strategies used by learners, or in other words, it is an instrument of data collection administered by teachers on experimental studies. Apart from the very basic purpose of this technique, the present paper also examines the purpose it serves in promoting self-learning and in solving learning problems to some extent, especially in a collaborative language learning and teaching context. Based on the National Curriculum Framework-2005, which envisages every learner as a constructor of knowledge, the think-aloud protocol can be considered as a better learning strategy not only in ESL learning, but in other subjects also. However, the whole process is treated as a complex cognitive skill within a cognitive-theoretical framework. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Strategies (46000); Cognitive Processes (12950); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Curriculum Planning (16780); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Think-Aloud Protocol-Elicitation of Strategy Use and Solution to Learning Problem Correspondence author: Beena, Philip M   Author e-mail address: noonebeena@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 228-237 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201011266 ProQuest document ID: 744445461 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744445461?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative Language Teaching: An Overview Author: Bhushan, Ravi Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 66-73. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744445598?accountid=50982 Abstract: As situational language teaching (SLT) began to die out in the late 1960s, communicative language teaching (CLT) -- the traditional concept that utterances express the meanings of those who create them -- was welcomed back. This change was partly due to the American linguist Noam Chomsky's criticism of SLT, but perhaps more to the British linguist D. A. Wilkins's (1972) proposed communicative definition of language teaching & the influence of his Notional Syllabuses (1976) on CLT. The scope of CLT has expanded over time & now has two aims: (1) making communicative competence the goal of language teaching; & (2) teaching English language skills that acknowledge the interdependence of language & communication. Different versions & characteristics of CLT are discussed, & several CLT theories are outlined. S. Stanton Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); History of Language Teaching (32144); Communicative Competence (13650); Chomsky, Avram Noam (12200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communicative Language Teaching: An Overview Correspondence author: Bhushan, Ravi   Author e-mail address: bhushanravi_sharma@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 66-73 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201011205 ProQuest document ID: 744445598 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744445598?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Towards Meeting Global Challenge-Cyber Based Instruction in Foreign Language Teaching Author: Jaishree, N11 Dept English, Sri Eshwar Coll Engineering, Kinathukadavu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India jaishreesuccess@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 105-114. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447163?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for English teachers to introduce effective cyber-based instruction in their classes to nurture the perception quotient of the young learners. The paper also suggests useful websites to enhance ELT and construct communicative competency. It stresses the need to switch from teacher-centered to student-centered language classroom to mould them to the current global challenges in business, education and technology, etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Globalization (28120); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Second Language Teachers (76120); English for Special Purposes (22300); Websites (95880) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Towards Meeting Global Challenge-Cyber Based Instruction in Foreign Language Teaching Correspondence author: Jaishree, N   Author e-mail address: jaishreesuccess@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 105-114 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 193 0-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201011224 ProQuest document ID: 744447163 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447163?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Varied Horizon of Multimedia and Web Tools for English Language Acquisition in the Information Age Author: Kavidha, N; Sakthivel, V Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 164-174. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447475?accountid=50982 Abstract: Today computers have become so widespread in schools and homes and their uses have expanded so dramatically that the majority of language teachers must now begin to think about the implications of computers for language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning or CALL is different things to different people. To some it is the use of text editors in the process of writing a homework assignment. To others it is surfing the internet for strengthening a language through tasks and exercises. Whatever be the motivation and the mode of study, to any enthusiastic learner it brings the welcome air of novelty to break the boredom of the language classroom. It is the promised land of language teaching and learning, with learners acquiring language knowledge and skills effortlessly from the machine, and the teacher walking benignly among workstations and laptops, offering help and guidance when needed. This paper discusses some fruitful activities, which can be assigned for the learners to equip them with better speaking skills and a sharper vocabulary and to enable them to retain in memory the words that they have learnt. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Multimedia (55660); Internet (37500); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Varied Horizon of Multimedia and Web Tools for English Language Acquisition in the Information Age Correspondence author: Kavidha, N   Author e-mail address: kavith_n@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 164-174 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201011280 ProQuest document ID: 744447475 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447475?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Culture and Second Language Learning and Teaching-An Exploration in Tamil Author: Lal, Sam Mohan11 Faculty Languages & Linguistics, U Malaya, Kuala Lumpur sammohanlal@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 80-93. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447573?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article in Tamil explores the aspects and problems of culture learning and its relationship to second language learning and teaching. The paper deals with language structure and its relationship to the social functions of language in human societies, with examples from Tamil. It also deals with culture perception and language perception and how these perceptions guide and affect second language learning and teaching. The relationship between language and culture as it relates to language learning and teaching is taken up and explained with examples from Tamil. Problems of learning Indian languages are presented, with a special focus on learning cognate languages as second language. While areal features help learn the syntactic structures of an Indian language in India, mastery of lexicon still poses problems to the second language learners of Indian languages from India. Several aspects of nonverbal and verbal communication as these relate to the teaching and learning of second languages are discussed. For example, how physical space is handled in discourse is illustrated. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700); Cultural Instruction (16580); Cultural Background (16350); Tamil (87650); Cognates (12800); Vocabulary Learning (94855) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Culture and Second Language Learning and Teaching-An Exploration in Tamil Correspondence author: Lal, Sam Mohan   Author e-mail address: sammohanlal@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 80-93 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201011020 ProQuest document ID: 744447573 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447573?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Insight through Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication References In Tirukkural Author: Subramani, R11 Dept Journalism & Mass Communication, Periyar U, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India subbu_mathi71@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 216-227. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744448051?accountid=50982 Abstract: Nonverbal Communication may be defined as transfer of messages without words. It comprises visible expressions like touching, eye contact and gazes, facial expressions and intonations, as well as less noticeable messages like dress, posture, and space between human beings. There are clear distinctions between the meanings we offer in words and the meanings we give off in non-verbal signs. Senders and receivers simultaneously encode and decode the meanings of the messages in non-verbal communication and it can be considered as an interactive medium in human communication. Around sixty five percent of the social meanings of the messages are exchanged with others non-verbally. Human emotions can effectively be transformed through nonverbal communication and are likely to influence others' perceptions. One of the ancient Tamil scriptures, which is popularly known as Tirukkural, has eminently articulated the use of body language in interpersonal communication in its couplets. This paper tries to explore the insight through body language and Non verbal communication references in Tirukkural. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nonverbal Communication (58500); Gestures (27950); Eye Movements (23600); Intonation (38100); Body/Body Parts (09238); Tamil (87650); Pragmatics (66850); Semiotics (77100); Historical Text Analysis (32130) Classification: 5810: nonverbal communication; human nonverbal language Title: Insight through Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication References In Tirukkural Correspondence author: Subramani, R   Author e-mail address: subbu_mathi71@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 216-227 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Sourcetype: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201012208 ProQuest document ID: 744448051 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744448051?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Novel Technologies, Engines and Mobiles in Language Learning Author: Kirubahar, J Samuel; Santhi, V Jeya; Subashini, A Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 2,  (February 2010): 115-125. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744448197?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of Educational Technology is the promotion of learning by improving communication and interactivity using Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). The language laboratory has now become a place where CALL is engaged more actively. Of all the languages taught in India, English is more advanced in using CALL. In this paper we present aspects of CALL as these relate to teaching and learning English in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); India (35100); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Communicative Language Teaching (13750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Novel Technologies, Engines and Mobiles in Language Learning Correspondence author: Kirubahar, J Samuel   Author e-mail address: samuelkirubakar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 115-125 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-06-01 Accession number: 201011227 ProQuest document ID: 744448197 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744448197?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English As a Foreign Language to Very Young Learners: A Case from Turkey Author: Deneme, Selma11 Dept ELT, Trakya U, Edirne, Turkey selmadeneme@trakya.edu.tr Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 3,  (March 2010). https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115143?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study aims to describe and analyze the current system at preschools in Turkey in terms of teaching English to very young learners as a foreign language. The research was carried out by using the descriptive research model. The data was collected via observations and an interview conducted on the preschool English teachers. The researchers made observations at two private preschools in Edirne and analyzed the current system in terms of teaching English to very young learners; to achieve this, they analyzed and described the teaching methods applied in English classes; they also described the activities, the techniques and the materials used to teach English as a foreign language in private preschools. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Age of Acquisition (01154); Preschool Children (67350); Turkey (91750); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English As a Foreign Language to Very Young Learners: A Case from Turkey Correspondence author: Deneme, Selma   Author e-mail address: selmadeneme@trakya.edu.tr Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019297 ProQuest document ID: 758115143 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115143?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Impact of Dramatics on Composition Skills of Secondary School English Language Learners in Pakistan Author: Hafeez, Muhammad Rashid1; Asif, Saiqa Imtiaz1 Dept English, Federal Coll Education, Islamabad, Pakistan safnaan@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 3,  (March 2010): 127-140. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115229?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper, a part of a Ph.D. thesis in progress, aims to compare the relative efficacy of the grammar translation method (GTM) and dramatics in developing composition skills of secondary school English language learners. Pre-test post-test control group design was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 138 secondary school students, and was randomly assigned to the control and the experimental groups on the basis of a pre-test. After the treatment, a post-test was administered in order to measure the difference of achievement. The rating scale for measuring different components of composition was developed and validated before the actual test. The t-test was used to find out the significant difference between the means of the two scores at the selected probability level i.e. x=.05. It was found that the students taught through dramatics performed significantly better than those taught through GTM. The study recommends that dramatics should be frequently used to develop creative and original writing among the learners of English. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Writing Ability (98560); Secondary School Students (76400); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Writing (76180); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); Creativity (Linguistics) (15900); Drama (19750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Impact of Dramatics on Composition Skills of Secondary School English Language Learners in Pakistan Correspondence author: Hafeez, Muhammad Rashid   Author e-mail address: safnaan@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 127-140 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019301 ProQuest document ID: 758115229 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115229?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems of Teaching Hindi at Higher Secondary Level from a Linguistic Perspective Author: Vijayalakshmi, S11 Dept Linguistics, Bharathiar U, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India vijilakshmi75@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 3,  (March 2010): 1-102. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115246?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching of Verbs is an important component in grammar classes as it is the vital component of understanding the mechanism in working of language with reference to its action, time of action and the mood of action. Every sentence in any language should have action form of word (directly or indirectly). In all sentences verb will occur in sentence structure. A mother-tongue is acquired automatically and unconsciously, on the other hand a second language is learnt with effort. Hindi verb system poses a great problem in learning Hindi. The infinitive is formed by adding Na: to the root of a verb kha 'eat', khana: 'to eat' The problem will occur in Hindi verb, compound verb like two verb used to intensify the verb to give this intensified meaning chala: Gaya 'went away'; gir phda 'fell down'; the same way casual verb Marna: 'to die', ma: rna: 'to kill', marva:na: 'to cause to kill'; auxiliary verb; transitive and intransitive verb. As L2 Hindi learner can easily understand the verb system in Hindi. This study would there by help the Hindi learners a lot especially, to the people who have been influenced by English and to learners who learn Hindi as second language. It is the need of the hour to identify the problems and difficulties faced by the students learning Hindi with reference the usage of verbs and its components which includes auxiliary verb, compound verb casual verb, tense gender and number. It also identifies the possible reason for those errors which in due course may be taken into consideration in order to construct remedial material. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Hindi (31950); Grammar Instruction (28550); Secondary Education (76300); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Inflection (Morphology) (35850); Verbs (93900); Semantics Morphology Relationship (76910); Error Analysis (Language) (22400) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Problems of Teaching Hindi at Higher Secondary Level from a Linguistic Perspective Correspondence author: Vijayalakshmi, S   Author e-mail address: vijilakshmi75@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-102 Number of pages: 102 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019143 ProQuest document ID: 758115246 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115246?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Stress among ELT Teachers: A Study of Performance Evaluation from a Private Secondary School in Haryana Author: Chhikara, Mayur11 Dept Humanities & Applied Sciences, International Instit Technology & Business, Jhundpur, Vidaygram, Sonipat, Haryana, India mayurchh2000@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 3,  (March 2010): 274-286. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115302?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study examines aspects of C.B.S.E. inspection and school based supervision meant for ELT teachers as carried out at a private school in Haryana. Data were gathered from administrators, teachers and students through interviews, critical incidents and relevant documentation. The study points out that a combination of the two supervision systems offers benefits that a single system cannot. It highlights the problems and the dilemma ELT teachers find themselves in when faced with two systems of summative nature. The study concludes that C.B.S.E. inspection and SBS can co-exist. They must be a foil for each other and not copy functions. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); India (35100); Curriculum Planning (16780); Emotions (21600) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Stress among ELT Teachers: A Study of Performance Evaluation from a Private Secondary School in Haryana Correspondence author: Chhikara, Mayur   Author e-mail address: mayurchh2000@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 274-286 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019296 ProQuest document ID: 758115302 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115302?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Linguistics of Newspaper Advertising in Nigeria Author: Ezejideaku, Emma1; Ugwu, Esther Nkiruka1 Dept Linguistics, Faculty Arts, U Benin, Nigeria obinze2003@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 3,  (March 2010): 103-119. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116060?accountid=50982 Abstract: Following some preliminaries on the ancient history of advertising & generalities on the "loaded nature" of advertising language, a list of linguistic devices most often found in advertising is compiled, including: (1) alliteration, (2) ideophones/onomatopoeias, (3) repetition/rhyming, (4) orthographic modification, (5) blends/acronyms, (6) emphasis/deixis, (7) personification, (8) rhetorical questions, (9) metaphor, & (10) pun/epigram. Phonological, morphological, syntactic, & semantic analyses are conducted to demonstrate how these linguistic devices are exploited in advertisements published by Nigeria's English-language newspapers. G. N. Leech's (1966) four ingredients of successful advertising are mentioned: (1) attention-getting, (2) readability ease, (3) memorability, & (4) salability. It is concluded that the language of advertising in Nigerian newspapers has to do more with the aesthetics of language than commerce. Z. Dubiel Subject: Advertisements (00670); Newspapers (57800); Nigeria (57910); Discourse Strategies (19255); Phonology (65250); Morphology (55500); Syntax (86800); Semantics (76850); Stylistics (84950) Classification: 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media/advertising Title: The Linguistics of Newspaper Advertising in Nigeria Correspondence author: Ezejideaku, Emma   Author e-mail address: obinze2003@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 103-119 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201020105 ProQuest document ID: 758116060 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116060?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Indian English: A Linguistic Reality Author: Richa11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India rsrishti@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 3,  (March 2010): 242-253. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116710?accountid=50982 Abstract: Several topics related to the worldly dominance of English as a language of international communication are addressed, including: (1) the meaning of the term "World Englishes" & the use of the terms "International English" & "Global English," (2) English as a pluralistic language & the obsolete distinction native vs second/foreign English, (3) varieties of World English; inner & outer circle Englishes, (4) the English language in India; a minority & elitist language of power & prestige, (5) the many meanings of the term "Indian English," (6) Indianisms in Indian English, (7) the identity function, acceptability, & intelligibility of Indian English, (8) inner vs outer circle perspective on Indian English as a member of the family of World Englishes, (9) the syntactic peculiarities of Indian English, & (10) the functioning of Indian English within the linguistic & cultural space of India. Z. Dubiel Subject: Language Varieties (44650); English (21900); India (35100); English as an International Language (22200); Cross Cultural Communication (16300); Minority Languages (54250); Language Status (43920); Language Use (44610) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Indian English: A Linguistic Reality Correspondence author: Richa   Author e-mail address: rsrishti@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 242-253 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201020234 ProQuest document ID: 758116710 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116710?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Women's Representation in Polity-A Need to Enhance Their Participation Author: Jayamala, M1; Sheela, J1 Centre Women's Studies, PSGR Krishnammal Coll Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India drjmala@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 3,  (March 2010): 304-313. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116953?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is a general impression that development means just creation of infrastructure. As a result of this, development could not become need-based and relevant to social circumstances. Participation implies participation at all stages of the programme, viz., planning, formulation, implementation, decision-making, sharing the benefits of development, monitoring and evaluation. The development of human resources particularly women have been neglected/denied. Educational backwardness is the major reason why women lag behind men. Moreover, women in India experience unacceptable levels of violence in the family within the community, work place, public places and at the custodial institutions. It is the manifestation of the historically unequal power relations between men and women, which have lead to domination over and discrimination against women and the prevention of women's full advancement. The paper attempts to look into the progress of women's participation in polity. Participation in polity carves out for themselves a place of significance. The attempt of the study is based on the secondary source of Inter Parliamentary Union Reports and Reports from Government of India. Based on the data it is inferred that the rate of female representation at national level stands at merely 18 per cent globally. In India, women hold only 28 of 242 seats. Women were proposed for 33 per cent reservation by the parliament but yet the society witness lungpower battles over the Women's Reservation Bill. Gender identity is the realistic and regenerative developmental effort in the direction of progress, in terms of economic independence for women and for their educational advancement. It simply means the manifestation of redistribution of power that challenges patriarchal ideology and male dominance. In India, the sixth five year plan (1980-85) may be taken as a landmark for the cause of women. During this plan period, the concept of 'women and development' was introduced for the first time. Adapted from the source document Subject: Females (24000); Social Factors (79910); Academic Achievement (00070); Sex Differences (77850); India (35100); Interpersonal Behavior (37550) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Women's Representation in Polity-A Need to Enhance Their Participation Correspondence author: Jayamala, M   Author e-mail address: drjmala@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 304-313 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201020146 ProQuest document ID: 758116953 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116953?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of the Reported Language Skill Development Strategies of the Student Teachers in Pakistan Author: Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed; Naoreen, Bushra Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 263-270. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744441764?accountid=50982 Abstract: This descriptive study was carried out to study the foreign language skill development of the student teachers of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB). Two hundred student teachers from IUB were the sample. A forty items questionnaire was administered, the reliability of which was 0.903. No significant difference was found between mean scores gender wise. It was also found that students of B.Ed. class have higher mean score on reading, writing and listening skills but the difference is not significant. Conversely, students of M.Ed. class have higher mean score on speaking skills; however, the difference is not significant. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reported Speech (72925); Second Language Learning (75850); Reading Strategies (71400); Writing Ability (98560); Oral Language (61300); Listening Comprehension (48450); Student Teachers (84735); Second Language Instruction (75700); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: A Study of the Reported Language Skill Development Strategies of the Student Teachers in Pakistan Correspondence author: Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 263-270 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201013630 ProQuest document ID: 744441764 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744441764?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effects of Using Urdu Dictionary as a Teaching Tool for Teaching Urdu in Urdu Language Classroom in Pakistan Author: Iqbal, Zafar; Ahmad, Ali; Aslam, Rana Faqir Muhammad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 215-223. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744441814?accountid=50982 Abstract: Dictionary can be a great tool for teaching and learning language as it covers the language at stretch. The present study aims at investigating the effects of using a dictionary during language teaching at secondary level. The hypothesis tested was that the use of dictionary brings no difference in language learning. The study, quantitative in nature, followed a pre-test, post-test single group experimental design. A questionnaire was also administered among the teachers imparting language education. The population of the study consisted of the high school students learning Urdu as a subject as well as the teachers teaching Urdu at this level. Fifty secondary school teachers teaching Urdu at secondary level and 100 students learning Urdu at the said level were selected as the sample of the study. It was found that the use of dictionary during teaching enhanced the language learning. The students started taking more interest in language learning and the use of dictionary made language teaching very powerful and learners brought significantly different results from the group who were learning language without using a dictionary. Adapted from the source document Subject: Dictionaries (18800); Hindi (31950); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Materials (43950); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Second Language Learning (75850); Secondary Education (76300); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Effects of Using Urdu Dictionary as a Teaching Tool for Teaching Urdu in Urdu Language Classroom in Pakistan Correspondence author: Iqbal, Zafar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 215-223 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201013635 ProQuest document ID: 744441814 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744441814?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Acoustic Correlates of Stress in Mizo, a Tonal Language Author: Narasimhan; Jose, Litha Rose; Hasain, B Shahid Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 224-235. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744441915?accountid=50982 Abstract: As tone languages use pitch and stress to signal a difference in meaning between words (Avery 1977), the acoustic factors which contribute to this stress patterns in tone languages may differ from the stress patterns in non tone language. Hence the present study aimed at identifying the acoustic correlates of stress in the Mizo language. A total of 22 native Mizo speakers participated in the study. Ten Mizo phrases were selected. All the speakers were asked to say those phrases in stressed and unstressed conditions. Recorded phrases were subjected to acoustical analysis and Tone Duration, Tone Height and Peak Amplitude was measured and S-ratios for the same parameters were calculated. The results indicated that tone speakers give stress by increasing the duration of the word or the syllable and also, they perceive stress with increased duration of the word or the syllable. Tone duration was the major cue for stress in Mizo language which is in consonance with other studies in tone languages. The obtained data will foster our understanding of the behavior of stress in tone languages. It will provide a thrust to the long felt need for research in the field of prosody in tonal languages of India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stress (84550); Acoustic Analysis (00140); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Tone (90300); Pitch (Phonology) (65950); Language Patterns (43300); Speech Production (82780); Prosody (68735) Classification: 4030: psycholinguistics; speech production Title: Acoustic Correlates of Stress in Mizo, a Tonal Language Correspondence author: Narasimhan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 224-235 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201013600 ProQuest document ID: 744441915 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744441915?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Strategies for Communication Skills Development Author: Gunasekaran, S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 271-278. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744442027?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language, the language of the most powerful and progressive countries of the world, is a universal avenue for political, historical and scientific thoughts. It is used to comply with the demands of trade and travel. This language has made progress in every field of human activity and it spells opportunities in plenty, both national and international. To be able to speak fluently in English is lionized and one can't deny the fact that English speaking people have an ascendancy over others. They ride the crest with confidence around the world. In such a scenario, to prepare the student community to speak effectively in English is a time consuming and challenging task confronting language teachers. The present article is to explore the problems standing in the way of language pedagogue in developing communication skills of the students. It examines the possible tools by which the communicative competence of the students can be improved. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as an International Language (22200); Fluency (24910); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Strategies for Communication Skills Development Correspondence author: Gunasekaran, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 271-278 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201013917 ProQuest document ID: 744442027 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744442027?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Stimulating Language Strategies through Thinking-Help for Slow Learners Author: Barathiraja, M; Baskaran, G Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 240-245. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744442230?accountid=50982 Abstract: There has been a prominent shift within the field of language learning and teaching over the last twenty years with greater emphasis being put on learners and learning rather than on teachers and teaching. And the books are increasingly learner-centered. A large numbers of grammar and study exercises are drafted using this format to make the students learn themselves. As parallel to this shift in interest, we seek to learn how learners process new information and what kinds of strategies they employ to understand. Learn or remember the information has been the primary concern of the researchers dealing with the area of foreign language learning. Questionnaires are prepared with the intention of enabling the students to answer the questions raised. For example, if the learner is reading a question like this, "Is this the college where you are learning the art of speaking?," he or she can easily frame the answer and say, "Yes, this is the college where I am learning the art of speaking". Adapted from the source document Subject: Learning Strategies (46000); Cognitive Processes (12950); Second Language Learning (75850); Surveys (86000); Questions (69930) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: Stimulating Language Strategies through Thinking-Help for Slow Learners Correspondence author: Barathiraja, M   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 240-245 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201013672 ProQuest document ID: 744442230 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744442230?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Achieving Professional Goals: Use of a Mixed Discourse in Interviews Author: David, Maya Khemlani; Ong, Usha Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 289-298. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744446046?accountid=50982 Abstract: In multilingual Malaysia, using two or more languages in one's discourse has become a norm, be it in formal (see David, 2003 on code switching in Malaysian courts) and informal settings (see David, 2007 on code switching among Malay, Chinese and Indian Malaysian youth). While purists, including political figures in the country, disparage the use of a mixed discourse especially when it entails the mix of Malay, the national language, with the other languages used in the country, this paper argues that the use of a mixed code, especially between the national language, Malay and the international language, English has become the sine qua non of language choice and is a strategy used to achieve certain professional objectives in business talk and professional interactions among the many ethnic groups in the country. This paper focuses on interviews by journalists of local English dailies and examines the existence and frequency of use of a mixed code and the reasons for the mixed discourse between interviewers and interviewees. Code switching should no longer be viewed negatively as a strategy to overcome differences in levels of proficiency of the interlocutors involved. The analysis clearly shows that code switching is intentionally used to achieve professional objectives. Adapted from the source document Subject: Code Switching (12650); Journalistic Language (39850); Occupations (60200); Interviews (37950); Multilingualism (55650); Discourse Strategies (19255); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Use (44610); Malaysia (50800); Malay (50740); English (21900) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Achieving Professional Goals: Use of a Mixed Discourse in Interviews Correspondence author: David, Maya Khemlani   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 289-298 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201014825 ProQuest document ID: 744446046 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744446046?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Techniques to Teach Vocabulary to Regional Medium Students Author: Nirmala, J R Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 307-314. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744446828?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aim of the present study is to study the impact of vocabulary teaching techniques on vocabulary learning by Regional Medium Students of Tamilnadu. For this study, nearly 60 students from professional colleges, particularly 1st-year B.E./B.Tech. students, were identified based on their medium of instruction at the school level. This strength was divided into two different groups, namely, 1. Students studying from Urban Backgrounds with Tamil as a medium of instruction -- Tamil Medium & Urban Background, TM & UB. 2. Students from Rural Backgrounds with Tamil as a medium of instruction -- Tamil Medium & Rural Background, TM & RB. The First Group TM & UB, consists of 28 students, both boys & girls. Of this strength 12 are girls and 16 are boys. These students were taught to learn new English words by producing either spoken or written sentences using them (a contextualizing technique). The Second group TM & RB had 32 students. Of this, 10 were girls, and the remaining 22 were boys. These students were taught to learn new English words by memorizing word lists associated with their Technical Subjects (a de-contextualizing technique) and allowing them to practice. The data were collected using two types of tests: a memorization test and a sentence-making test, which were administered to both groups. The results of the study revealed that the students in the TM & RB outperformed those in the TM & UB quite significantly on a vocabulary memorization test. The TM & UB had better performance on a sentence-making test than the TM & RB, though the difference was not statistically significant. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that memorization of word-lists can work better than sentence-making practice, especially for Tamil Medium Students of Rural Background at low levels of proficiency. Adapted from the source document Subject: Vocabulary Instruction (94850); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Language of Instruction (43180); Tamil (87650); Urban versus Rural Areas (92980); Learning Strategies (46000); Memorization (52700); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); Word Lists (97665) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Techniques to Teach Vocabulary to Regional Medium Students Correspondence author: Nirmala, J R   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 307-314 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201013973 ProQuest document ID: 744446828 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744446828?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Some Gaps in the Current Studies of Reading in Second/Foreign Language Learning Author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 373-386. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447019?accountid=50982 Abstract: The ability to read written material is very important in the civilized world. In a society characterized by globalization and technological change, where knowledge is becoming increasingly important, reading ability is a key skill for active participation. The intent of the current study is to set out the nature of reading alongside express importance of reading and reading comprehension. The importance of the present study is to explore the current studies of reading in order to find out some common main gaps in such studies. Such gaps are related to reading, reading comprehension and reading strategies, vocabulary and fluency. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Reading Acquisition (70650); Second Language Reading (75930); Reading Comprehension (70750); Reading Strategies (71400); Reading Ability (70500); Vocabulary (94830); Fluency (24910) Classification: 4116: applied linguistics; reading readiness/acquisition/achievement Title: Some Gaps in the Current Studies of Reading in Second/Foreign Language Learning Correspondence author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 373-386 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201013738 ProQuest document ID: 744447019 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744447019?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Influence of First Language Grammar (L1) on the English Language (L2) Writing of Tamil School Students: A Case Study from Malaysia Author: Maniam, Mahendran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 4,  (April 2010): 1-209. https://search.proquest.com/docview/744448005?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study focuses on the interference of L1 grammatical rules in the writing of L2 with specific reference to the interference of Tamil (L1) in English (L2). This study seeks to find out the components of the L1 grammar that the students of Tamil schools use interchangeably in their daily writing of L2, namely English. It further seeks to find out which grammatical components dominate the inter-language grammar. The research hopes to seek further understanding regarding the theoretical debate on inter-language grammar influence. Adapted from the source document Subject: Linguistic Interference (47500); Grammar Instruction (28550); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Second Language Writing (76180); Tamil (87650); Grammar Theories (28600); Case Studies (10820); Malaysia (50800) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Influence of First Language Grammar (L1) on the English Language (L2) Writing of Tamil School Students: A Case Study from Malaysia Correspondence author: Maniam, Mahendran   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-209 Number of pages: 209 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-07-01 Accession number: 201014064 ProQuest document ID: 744448005 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/744448005?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Virtual Learning Environment in an ESL Classroom in a Technical University in India Author: Gunasekaran, S11 Dept English, Anna U Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India gunakundhavai@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 83-88. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758114584?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper aims at presenting the enriched learning experiences that my engineering students had in an ESL classroom despite the prevalence of a number of constraints. Creating a virtual environment in the ESL context is quite challenging, as there are limitations in using new technologies in our teaching. However, in order to promote effective learning of Corporate English among my students I conducted an action research. I trained them in communication skills with the help of two web tools Podcasts and blogs. My objective was to: 1. Teach new expressions that are normally used in corporate communication; 2. Create a podcast and upload the dialogues written by the students into it; 3. Create a "class blog" for students to post their summary of news stories on current affairs. Adapted from the source document Subject: Learning Environment (45880); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Action Research (00240); Blogs (09170); India (35100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: A Virtual Learning Environment in an ESL Classroom in a Technical University in India Correspondence author: Gunasekaran, S   Author e-mail address: gunakundhavai@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 83-88 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019342 ProQuest document ID: 758114584 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758114584?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching beyond the Regular Curriculum Author: Bojan, Rajesh11 Dept English, Anna U, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India rajeshbojan@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 215-223. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758114725?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to explore the importance of teaching beyond the regular curriculum with special emphasis on adopting communicative and cooperative learning strategies. Learning a second language has become unavoidable particularly in the case of English. No matter to what speech community, to what society one belongs to, there is every chance that one may face English. In every walk of life we choose, whether education, business, travel, etc., it has become an essential requirement to learn English. The concept of learning English as the second language is not novel. Much work has been done. The complexity and challenge involved in teaching English as a second or foreign language has kept this field still active and interesting. In spite of a long list of teaching approaches and methods, the innovations and improvements have not yet helped totally to overcome the difficulties in the acquisition of a second language. No doubt that every method, old or new, promotes second language learning to some extent. However, the problem lies with the fact that how well these approaches and methods are being utilized. It is also evident made clear that adhering to any one single method is insufficient to fulfill the requirements of every learner. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Curriculum Planning (16780); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Teaching beyond the Regular Curriculum Correspondence author: Bojan, Rajesh   Author e-mail address: rajeshbojan@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 215-223 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019339 ProQuest document ID: 758114725 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758114725?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of the ELT Teachers' Perception of Teaching Language through Literature at the Higher Secondary School and Degree Levels in Pakistani Milieu Author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal1; Asif, Saiqa Imtiaz; Khattak, Bashir Khan1 Dept English, Abdul Wali Khan U, Mardan, Pakistan aburohaan2004@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 115-131. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115140?accountid=50982 Abstract: In Pakistan, ELT courses at the higher secondary school and degree levels do not provide ample opportunities for the fulfillment of governmental objectives (Hafeez, 2004). Over the past two decades and because of the influence of linguistics as a discipline there has generally been felt the need for revising the existing ELT courses at both the levels. The present study was designed with the intent to find out the soundness of such a generally observed and overtly done criticism of ELT courses at the target levels. The methodology, we used, was centered on the teachers' perception of ELT courses at both the target levels. The data collected were primarily quantitative in the form of a short survey. The structure of the survey was based on a short questionnaire of 9 items asking for teachers' perception on these courses. The questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 226 English teachers who were actively involved in the teaching of English both at the higher secondary school and degree levels across the country. The results, obtained through the SPSS Statistics Version 17 analysis showed that the teachers were least satisfied with the courses they were teaching. According to their perception, the content of ELT courses predominantly carries literature components, lacks opportunities for teaching the four language skills and, therefore, needs to be revised. The study suggested that future ELT curriculum designers should think about the inclusion of local culture in the curriculum, make the courses need-based, and bring in internal harmony in these respective courses in terms of focusing on teaching language through literature. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Literature (49250); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Second Language Teachers (76120); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Study of the ELT Teachers' Perception of Teaching Language through Literature at the Higher Secondary School and Degree Levels in Pakistani Milieu Correspondence author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal   Author e-mail address: aburohaan2004@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 115-131 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019308 ProQuest document ID: 758115140 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115140?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ When a School Becomes a Pool-What Can We Do to Make Language Learning Interesting to Yemeni Students Author: Al-Shuaibi, Abdulghani M A11 School Languages/Literacies/Translation (SoLLaT), U Sains Malaysia, Penang gani_english@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 89-91. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115199?accountid=50982 Abstract: The title of the present essay is picked out carefully to denote the whole concept of this essay. I attempt to review the educational situation of our pupils in Yemen in three stages. The salient aim is to present some suggestions for the improvement of the educational process in Yemeni schools. As a Yemeni teacher in the field, my objectives are constructed based on my own experience of teaching as well as the experience of some of my colleagues. I will describe some points to be followed and applied for the betterment of the educational situation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Teachers (76120); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Curriculum Planning (16780); Republic of Yemen (72930) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: When a School Becomes a Pool-What Can We Do to Make Language Learning Interesting to Yemeni Students Correspondence author: Al-Shuaibi, Abdulghani M A   Author e-mail address: gani_english@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 89-91 Number of pages: 3 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019127 ProQuest document ID: 758115199 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115199?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of the Language Learning Strategies Used by the Students of Formal and Non-Formal Systems of Education in Pakistan Author: Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed1; Naoreen, Bushra; Aslam, Saima1 Dept Education, Federal Coll Education, Islamabad, Pakistan seek_to_learn@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 37-58. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115223?accountid=50982 Abstract: Formal and Non-Formal education differ in many ways. Whereas in the formal settings the learner learns through face to face interaction with a teacher, in the Non-Formal system the learner has to learn independently of the classroom. The learner, in a Non-Formal education programme, depends on the sent material and the workshops arranged by the institution. There is also the use of the information technology in Non-Formal education. Thus Non-Formal education throws new challenges and a wide array of opportunities to the students. This would be especially so as far as language learning in Non-Formal education is concerned, because of the fact that the learners have more chances to have experiment with their language. The present study attempts to compare the language learning strategies of formal and non-formal graduate students. It is descriptive in nature. In order to get the desired end, four hundred graduate students. Two hundred each from Formal and Non-Formal systems of education were selected as sample and a questionnaire with fifty items was constructed (Likert Scale) and pilot tested. The reliability of the research tool was 0.990 (Cornbach's Alpha). The questionnaire was divided into seven parameters: memory strategies, cognitive strategies, compensatory strategies, meta-cognitive, affective strategies, social strategies and overall strategies. The study reports that there is a statistically significant relationship between reported frequency of language learning strategy use and the system of education. The students from non-formal system of education are significantly better on using the compensatory strategies and the students from formal system of education are significantly better on use of social strategies. On the remaining parameters, namely, memory strategies, cognitive strategies, meta cognitive strategies, affective strategies and overall strategies, no significant difference was found between the students from both the systems. The Non-formal education (Distance education) students reported the use of more language learning strategies than their counterparts in the Formal settings. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Learning Strategies (46000); Teaching Methods (88150); Student Teacher Relationship (84730); Distance Learning (19530); Learning Environment (45880); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Memory (52750); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: A Comparative Study of the Language Learning Strategies Used by the Students of Formal and Non-Formal Systems of Education in Pakistan Correspondence author: Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed   Author e-mail address: seek_to_learn@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 37-58 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: Indi a ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019157 ProQuest document ID: 758115223 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115223?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Code Mixing and Code Switching in Tamil Proverbs Author: Geetha, V1; Kamatchi, B1 Centre Advanced Study Linguistics, Annamalai U, Tamilnadu, India viigeet_ling@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 232-241. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115369?accountid=50982 Abstract: Code mixing and code switching are common multilingual phenomena. These phenomena occur when bilinguals substitute a word or phrase from one language to another language. In a language contact situation, the process of code mixing, code switching and interference do take place. Code mixing is the intra-sentential switching whereas code switching is the inter-sentential switching. Language contact sometimes occurs when there is an increased social interaction between people who living as neighbourhood and have traditionally spoken different languages. But more frequently it is initiated by the spread of languages of power and prestige. As far as Tamil proverbs are concerned, the social variables like age, religion, social class, and education are playing a vital role to bring language changes in the old version of Tamil proverbs. Such variables are cause to bring language changes at intra-sentential level only. The process of code switching is taking place at monolingual situation among the educated person according to the social context, i.e., in formal situation. Though many proverbs are having written form, some of them which are used in platform speech, school education etc., switching from spoken into written style. There are two types of mixing found in Tamil proverbs, namely, 1. Mixing of linguistic elements from two different languages. 2. Mixing of dialectal forms from one dialect into other dialect. In this paper an attempt is made to explain the types of code mixing and code switching found in Tamil proverbs and the reasons for such mixing will be explained. Adapted from the source document Subject: Code Switching (12650); Tamil (87650); Proverbs (68865); Multilingualism (55650); Language Contact (42100); Interpersonal Communication (37700); Language Status (43920); Social Factors (79910); Spoken Written Language Relationship (83400) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: Code Mixing and Code Switching in Tamil Proverbs Correspondence author: Geetha, V   Author e-mail address: viigeet_ling@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 232-241 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019256 ProQuest document ID: 758115369 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115369?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Some Aspects of Teaching-Learning English As a Second Language Author: Krishnaveni, R11 Dept English, Anna U Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India krishnaveni@tau.edu.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 131-159. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115423?accountid=50982 Abstract: A booklet presenting a didactically effective methodology of developing the four basic skills -- speaking, listening comprehension, reading & writing -- in English as a second language is published. The main objective of this work is to provide an easy to understand yet comprehensive in-depth description of the most recent teaching trends in glottodidactics & familiarize English teachers in India with theoretical models & empirical practices resulting with more effective & successful second language pedagogy; the contents, methods, & strategies offered here are easily transferable to Indian schools & diverse teaching contexts & situations. The particular challenges teachers & students of English in India face are taken into account, addressing issues of rural vs urban schools, native vs second language learning conditions, & foreign language learning aptitude, motives, & attitudes. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Oral Language (61300); Listening Comprehension (48450); Reading Comprehension (70750); Written Language (98900); Second Language Teachers (76120); Motivation (55580); Urban versus Rural Areas (92980); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Some Aspects of Teaching-Learning English As a Second Language Correspondence author: Krishnaveni, R   Author e-mail address: krishnaveni@tau.edu.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 131-159 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019310 ProQuest document ID: 758115423 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115423?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Challenges Encountered by Teachers in Rural Areas and Strategies to Triumph Over Author: Padmini, P1; Anbukkani, M1 Dept English, Madura Coll (Autonomous), Madurai, Tamilnadu, India pad_maduraeng@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 160-169. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115596?accountid=50982 Abstract: Presented is a laundry list of problems & obstacles that hamper effective English as a second language didactics in India's rural schools, including: (1) students' perception that English is too difficult to learn, (2) teachers' negative attitude toward their students (eg, the belief that their students cannot learn a foreign language), (3) lack of motivation, (4) low linguistic aptitude, (5) low educational level of the school, (6) pronunciation teaching/learning difficulties caused by the "unpredictable character" of English pronunciation, (7) difficult English grammar, (8) poor physical condition of the classroom (eg, lack of equipment or proper lighting or space), (9) overcrowded classroom, (10) lack of exposure to authentic interactions in English, (11) lack of visual aids, (12) deficient training of teachers, (13) teachers' unfamiliarity with recent research & practices in glottodidactics, (14) inadequate teaching materials & limited instruction period, & (15) the teacher's failure to motivate & inspire the student. Z. Dubiel Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Rural Areas (74335); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Student Attitudes (84725); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Motivation (55580); Pronunciation (68500); Language Grammars (42565); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Challenges Encountered by Teachers in Rural Areas and Strategies to Triumph Over Correspondence author: Padmini, P   Author e-mail address: pad_maduraeng@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 160-169 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019317 ProQuest document ID: 758115596 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115596?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Comparative Analysis of MA English Results under Annual and Semester System: Quality Assurance in Pakistan Author: Malik, Tayyaba1; Avais, Priya; Khanam, Tahira1 Dept English (SS & H), UMT, Johar Town, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan capt_tanveeraslam@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 68-82. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115660?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. It also focuses to identify which system provides quality education to the students to make them better professionals. For that hypothesis adopted was that there is significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. A questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected people from education department, students who experienced both these systems and focus group discussion was carried out to record the perceptions of people towards both systems of education. Independent sample t test was also applied. The results proved that there is significant difference in the quality of results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. In annual system students get ample time to mastery over the subject while semester system train the students to synthesize the subjects and students are not only intellectually evaluated but also on grounds of behavior. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Higher Education (31750); Surveys (86000); English Proficiency (22335); Teaching Methods (88150); English as a Second Language Tests (22150) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Comparative Analysis of MA English Results under Annual and Semester System: Quality Assurance in Pakistan Correspondence author: Malik, Tayyaba   Author e-mail address: capt_tanveeraslam@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 68-82 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019315 ProQuest document ID: 758115660 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115660?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Phonetic and Phonological Study of the Consonants of English and Arabic Author: Al-Hattami, Abdulghani A Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 242-365. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115847?accountid=50982 Abstract: Since a contrastive analysis of any two languages will give us a clear picture of the areas of difficulty that the learners of a foreign language face, the researcher, as a teacher of English as a foreign language to Yemeni learners felt that it is vitally important to contrast the two languages-English and Arabic. As a teacher, the researcher has noticed peculiar phonetic and phonological features in his learners' spoken English. So in this dissertation the researcher has attempted a contrastive analysis of one aspect of his learners' mother tongue with that of English. The area chosen for contrastive analysis is a phonetic and phonological study of the consonants of English and Arabic. In chapter one of this dissertation, the researcher has discussed the value of contrastive analysis between the two languages and the pedagogical implications of such a study. The chapter also discusses briefly the relationship between linguistics and phonetics and the relationship between phonetics and phonology. The second chapter is a brief outline of the aim and scope of the study. This chapter also gives reasons for choosing Classical Arabic and Received Pronunciation as the dialects to be compared and contrasted and the factors motivating this research. In the third chapter, since this is a phonetic study, the researcher has discussed briefly the vocal organs that play an important role while producing sounds and the classification of speech sounds. Chapter four has been devoted to the classification and description of the consonants of English and their occurrence in different positions in a word. In chapter five, the researcher discusses the consonants of Arabic in the same way in which the consonants of English have been described and discussed in chapter four. Chapter six is a chapter devoted to a contrastive analysis of the two systems. The points of similarities and dissimilarities between the two languages have been pointed out. This chapter also discusses those sounds in pronouncing which an Arabic learner of English may face problems and the pedagogical implications of this study. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phonology (65250); Phonetics (64850); Consonants (14900); English (21900); Arabic (03750); Contrastive Analysis (15570); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: A Phonetic and Phonological Study of the Consonants of English and Arabic Correspondence author: Al-Hattami, Abdulghani A   Author e-mail address: aaa47@pitt.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 242-365 Number of pages: 124 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019778 ProQuest document ID: 758115847 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115847?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Does Number Affect English Pronunciation? Author: Behera, Arun Kumar1; Behera, Rasmita1 Sri Sathya Sai U, Brindavan, Bangalore, Karnataka, India arunbehera_65@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 92-95. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115994?accountid=50982 Abstract: The difficulties experienced by English as a second language learners with correct use of the category of number are noted, & nine general rules aiding students with mastering this area of target language usage are formulated. It is observed, however, there is a special class of nouns, mostly of French origin, that change pronunciation when their number is changed from the singular to plural, even though their spelling does not change. A list of such words is compiled. Z. Dubiel Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Number (Grammatical) (59850); French (25750); Borrowing (09300); Language Use (44610); Pronunciation (68500); Grapheme Phoneme Correspondence (29250) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Does Number Affect English Pronunciation? Correspondence author: Behera, Arun Kumar   Author e-mail address: arunbehera_65@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 92-95 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201019338 ProQuest document ID: 758115994 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758115994?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Variation of Voice Onset Time (VOT) in Kannada Language Author: Manjunath, N1; Varghese, Sneha Mareen; Narasimhan, S V1 Dept Speech-Language Pathology, J.S.S. Instit Speech & Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India man_n94@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 170-181. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116021?accountid=50982 Abstract: Speaking rate changes during normal conversation alters the duration of acoustic properties that specify phonetic segments (Summerfield, 1975). One such acoustic property which is affected by speaking rate is Voice Onset Time (VOT). As most of the studies on VOT are in English and therefore, do not provide sufficient data for generalization to other languages, the present study was planned to investigating the changes in VOT for voiceless and voiced stop consonants in Kannada language (a south Indian Dravidian Language) across different speaking rates. A total of 20 Kannada speaking young adults, age ranging from 18 to 24 years participated in the study. A set of six phrases were constructed, which were meaningful and they had voiceless & voiced sounds in initial position of the words. Subjects were asked to read the phrases at three different speaking rates. The flashlight from a metronome was used to help the participants to maintain the speaking rate and all the utterances were acoustically analyzed for VOT. Results revealed that, VOT values were higher at slower speaking rates and lower at faster speaking rates. These results are consistent with the earlier studies by Volaitis & Miller (1992). The results are also discussed in relation to the speech motor control with reference to the 'Target undershoot Model' by Lindblom (1963). The changes in VOT across speaking rates can also be attributed to the changes primarily in dynamic specification of gesture of articulators. Adapted from the source document Subject: Voice Onset Time (VOT) (95190); Kannada (40400); Speech Rate (82850); Acoustic Analysis (00140); Phonetics (64850); Voicing (95400); Consonants (14900); Articulation (04600) Classification: 6110: phonetics; phonetics Title: Variation of Voice Onset Time (VOT) in Kannada Language Correspondence author: Manjunath, N   Author e-mail address: man_n94@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 170-181 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201020342 ProQuest document ID: 758116021 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116021?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Dilemma of Usage and Transmission-A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Dhundi-Pahari in Pakistan Author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz1; Asif, Saiqa Imtiaz1 Dept English, Bahauddin Zakariya U, Multan, Pakistan gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 197-214. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116156?accountid=50982 Abstract: Dhundi-Pahari, commonly known as Pahari, is an indigenous language of the people of Murree and its adjacent areas in Pakistan. It, being a minority and regional language has the same kind of threat from Urdu and English as is evident in the case of other minority languages of the world vis-a-vis powerful languages. There is a growing reduction in the transmission of Dhundi-Pahari to the coming generations. Even the family domain which is supposed to be the last powerful citadel of language is being under tremendous pressure. In order to judge this phenomenon, a sociolinguistic study was conducted and through open ended interviews, it was found out that not only was Dhundi-Pahari threatened but also the attitudes of the indigenous speakers were diverted to other powerful languages like Urdu and English. Transmission of Dhundi-Pahari to their children seems to have become their least priority. The present study concludes that serious efforts are needed to enliven Dhundi-Pahari language and motivate the indigenous population to adopt their native language as a cultural asset for them. (The paper is partially based on a section of my Ph.D. thesis and is submitted with modifications and additions from the large corpus of interview data). Adapted from the source document Subject: Sociolinguistics (80200); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Language Use (44610); Indigenous Languages (35320); Minority Languages (54250); Hindi (31950); English (21900); Language Attitudes (41800); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Dilemma of Usage and Transmission-A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Dhundi-Pahari in Pakistan Correspondence author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz   Author e-mail address: gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 197-214 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201020125 ProQuest document ID: 758116156 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116156?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Two Different Clinical Language Intervention Procedures Author: Vishnu, K K1; Leela, Maya; Rao, T A Subba; Chengappa, Shyamala K1 Dept Speech-Language Pathology, All India Instit Speech & Hearing, Manasagangothrri, Mysore, Karnataka, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 5,  (May 2010): 182-196. https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116587?accountid=50982 Abstract: After differentiating between traditional & naturalistic approaches to language therapy of children, & identifying several most effective techniques within the latter, an empirical study comparing the therapeutic effectiveness of the milieu technique & a traditional method is reported. Language-impaired Indian children suffering from autism & mental retardation (N = 6 each) were divided into experimental & control groups, as they underwent intervention to improve functional communication skills; the subjects ranged in chronological age from 3 to 5 while their language development remained in the range of 14 to 28 months. Pre- & post-test data on subjects' functional communication were collected by observing each group during a 30-minute semi-structured play activity; each play activity was repeated for three days & was video-recorded. Samples were analyzed & rated for 30 parameters, & a paired t-test was used to compare changes between groups & between pre- & post-test data. It is fund that subjects treated with the milieu-based therapy showed highly significant differences for most parameters, increasing use of target language & functional communication ability & time across settings & conversational partners. The superiority of the milieu intervention was also documented in other studies reported in the language rehabilitation literature. However, the study reported here found a slight increase in language content in subjects who received traditional intervention; it seems that the traditional therapist is more favorable for the initial acquisition of language content but fails to promote the child's functional communication skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Therapy (44400); Children (11850); Therapy Progress Assessment (89508); Mental Retardation (52950); Autism (06800); Language Impairment (42700); Communication Disorders (13625); Speech/Language Therapists (83215); India (35100) Classification: 6812: special education; language and speech therapy Title: A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Two Different Clinical Language Intervention Procedures Correspondence author: Vishnu, K K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 5 Pages: 182-196 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-10-01 Accession number: 201020429 ProQuest document ID: 758116587 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/758116587?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Attitudes toward Women Expressed in the Speech of Male College Students Author: Prasad, B A Mahalakshmi11 Dept English, SBRR Mahajana First Grade Coll, Jayalakshmipuram, Mysore, Karnataka, India machiprasad@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (June 2010): 147-152. https://search.proquest.com/docview/772280132?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to study the attitude of college going boys towards women, as seen in their use of language, in the city of Mysore, Karnataka in South India. The modern college-going student uses the language he has acquired. In the case of a college student studying in Mysore, Karnataka, India, the predominant languages are Kannada, English and Hindi. The student uses these languages to convey his status, group that he identifies himself with, his education and thinking through the creative use of terms and by giving extended meaning to lexical terms that are in no way connected to the original meaning of these words. The paper's primary focus is on the attitudes that the college going boys portray towards women that is enumerated in the language used by the students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stereotypes (84050); Attitudes (05450); Males (50830); Sex Differences (77850); College Students (13250); Language Usage (44600); India (35100); Linguistic Identity (47470); Language Use (44610); Kannada (40400); English (21900); Hindi (31950) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Attitudes toward Women Expressed in the Speech of Male College Students Correspondence author: Prasad, B A Mahalakshmi   Author e-mail address: machiprasad@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 6 Pages: 147-152 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-11-01 Accession number: 201021797 ProQuest document ID: 772280132 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/772280132?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Improving Chemmozhi Learning and Teaching-Descriptive Studies in Classical-Modern Tamil Grammar Author: Rambai, A Boologa11 Dept Tamil Language & Translation Studies, Dravidian U, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India arpudharambai@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (June 2010): 217-359. https://search.proquest.com/docview/772281734?accountid=50982 Abstract: I believe that describing Tamil as it is used in current standard written Tamil will help improve our language use. In the pages that follow I've made initial attempts to describe some aspects of elements of Tamil grammar. My focus here is on reduplication, nominal compounds, lexical opposites, auxiliary verb and agreement. Descriptions of these aspects will help write appropriate grammar lessons with an eye on acquiring and using that will impart modernity and continuity. Another focus of this work is to compare some of the aspects of Tamil grammar with two other Dravidian languages, namely, Kannada and Telugu. Additional information derived from these two languages will help decide on the selection, gradation and presentation of grammatical elements for the teaching of Tamil to bilingual populations in Tamilnadu. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tamil (87650); Second Language Instruction (75700); Grammar Instruction (28550); Reduplication (71960); Compound Words (13940); Auxiliary Verbs (06950); Agreement (Grammatical) (01230); Language Comparison (41950); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Kannada (40400); Telugu (88320) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Improving Chemmozhi Learning and Teaching-Descriptive Studies in Classical-Modern Tamil Grammar Correspondence author: Rambai, A Boologa   Author e-mail address: arpudharambai@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 6 Pages: 217-359 Number of pages: 143 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-11-01 Accession number: 201020898 ProQuest document ID: 772281734 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/772281734?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Emerging Paradigms in Language Communication in India and Their Impact on the Corporate Competencies Author: Kashyap, Tanu11 Instit Management Studies, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India tanukashyap07@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (June 2010): 101-110. https://search.proquest.com/docview/772287282?accountid=50982 Abstract: Seven major barriers that hinder a productive communication are identified & examined using examples from Indian English: (1) difference in perspective, (2) difference in knowledge level, (3) lack of common language, (4) adoption of stereotypes, (5) strong emotions, (6) self-centeredness, & (7) laziness. The following proposals are made to overcome these roadblocks to efficient communication: (1) get to know your interlocutor, (2) consider the interlocutor's perspective, (3) seek & offer feedback, (4) communicate through the right medium & channel, (5) be a good listener, & (6) prepare & plan your communication. Z. Dubiel Subject: Communication (13600); India (35100); Communicative Competence (13650); English (21900); Language Varieties (44650); Stereotypes (84050); Emotions (21600); Language Use (44610); Feedback (23950) Classification: 5510: interpersonal behavior and communication; interpersonal and group communication, behavior, and relationships Title: Emerging Paradigms in Language Communication in India and Their Impact on the Corporate Competencies Correspondence author: Kashyap, Tanu   Author e-mail address: tanukashyap07@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 6 Pages: 101-110 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-294 0 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-11-01 Accession number: 201021705 ProQuest document ID: 772287282 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/772287282?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English Language and Literature in Non-Native Context Author: Mujumdar, Smita A11 Dept English, Shivraj Coll, Gadhinglaj, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharastra, India smitamujumdar@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (June 2010): 210-216. https://search.proquest.com/docview/772293005?accountid=50982 Abstract: There are varieties of English but English literature produced by the native speakers or writers has remained an important, original, standard and accepted variety of English. At the same time, teaching English literature and literature written in English by non-native writers also has gained importance and worldwide recognition. This literature has become an important phenomenon of English in current global scenario. Literature has been included in the syllabi of higher education since long time and it is continued even now. In many parts of the world today, there is a great demand for English language learning as it is a language of international communication of business, commerce, science, technology and higher education. However, the fact is that English language teachers face certain difficulties and problems in non-native contexts. Therefore, recognizing the need of the significant role of an English teacher and literature, this paper attempts to discuss the need, difficulties and remedies in teaching English literature in non-native contexts and finally makes a statement on the importance of literature. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Literature (49250); Language Varieties (44650); Language Standardization (43900); English as an International Language (22200); Higher Education (31750); Cross Cultural Communication (16300); Language Use (44610) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English Language and Literature in Non-Native Context Correspondence author: Mujumdar, Smita A   Author e-mail address: smitamujumdar@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 6 Pages: 210-216 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2 940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-11-01 Accession number: 201021189 ProQuest document ID: 772293005 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/772293005?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teachers' Professional Development in ELT at Tertiary Level: ELTR Project of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan-A Case Study Author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal1; Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz; Khattak, Bashir Khan1 Abdul Wali Khan U, Mardan, Pakistan aburohaan2004@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (June 2010): 153-167. https://search.proquest.com/docview/772293166?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study describes impact analysis of the English Language Teaching Reforms (ELTR) Project of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. It seeks to explore the perception of the concerned ELT population about the effectiveness of the Commission's professional development courses. The study was carried out mainly with the help of a detailed questionnaire administered to the randomly selected 740 trainees, asking them about different aspects of the courses such as the course content, the adopted methodology and knowledge of the resource persons, and about the overall impact of the courses on their teaching. The researchers found that teachers' professional development courses were quite effective; however, the ELTR Project could have made these courses far more successful if it had selected the trainees or got them nominated on merit or need-basis and if the project had made the trainees accountable by telling them that they would be followed-up for any internal or external evaluation. The researchers had asked the trainees to give suggestions to help improve upon the future teachers' professional development courses under the ELTR Project. Keeping their valuable suggestions at forefront coupled with considering the major research findings of the study, some recommendations have been made for bettering the teachers' professional development courses and also for bringing in positive changes in terms of planning and implementation of the future ELT Projects. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Teacher Education (87850); Higher Education (31750); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teachers' Professional Development in ELT at Tertiary Level: ELTR Project of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan-A Case Study Correspondence author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal   Author e-mail address: aburohaan2004@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 6 Pages: 153-167 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-29 40 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-11-01 Accession number: 201021181 ProQuest document ID: 772293166 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/772293166?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Global Perspective of Teaching English Literature in Higher Education in Pakistan Author: Rustam, Rabiah11 Dept English, U Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan rabeetanoli@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (June 2010): 360-494. https://search.proquest.com/docview/772295719?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study investigates the need to reform and restructure English literature syllabus at graduate level in higher education in Pakistan. Due to the changing global context, the requirements of the students have changed. Teaching English literature from global perspective requires that the language used in literature should be easy to comprehend. If the material used is easy, it can be exploited for language use. Literature component needs to be integrated to the language activity in order to develop the reading, writing, listening and speaking skills of the students. Moreover, the students need to be made aware of the local as well as the global culture. The study was conducted in various colleges of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan where English literature is taught for teaching language at the graduate level. Quantitative as well as qualitative data was collected and analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the basic English of the students require attention. They need to be made conscious of the Pakistani literature as well as the world literatures in English. The study has suggested a syllabus for the graduate level students that can be used in place of the already existing syllabus. The study recommends that further research is required on the already existing syllabi for the sake of improvement in their quality, raising consciousness about the local literature and promoting the cross cultural understanding through the incorporation of the global English literature in the syllabus. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Literature (49250); Pakistan (62200); Higher Education (31750); Globalization (28120); Language Textbooks (44300); Second Language Reading (75930); Content Area Instruction (15190) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Global Perspective of Teaching English Literature in Higher Education in Pakistan Correspondence author: Rustam, Rabiah   Author e-mail address: rabeetanoli@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 6 Pages: 360-494 Number of pages: 135 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-11-01 Accession number: 201021193 ProQuest document ID: 772295719 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/772295719?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Patterns of Indian Multilingualism Author: Mallikarjun, B11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, India mallikarjun56@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (June 2010): 1-18. https://search.proquest.com/docview/772305838?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the Census data to capture some aspects Indian multilingualism. The major source to understand Indian multilingualism comes from the decennial census conducted since 1872 till 2001. However the language information is collected only from 1881 Census. In general, the Census data provides inputs to various kinds of planning in the country, and language data helps us to understand the sociolinguistic situation of the country. Unfortunately, in my assessment, the data obtained has not been used much in language planning in post-independence India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Multilingualism (55650); India (35100); Language History (42600); Demography (18065); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Planning (43400); 19th Century (1801-1900) (00009); 20th Century (1901-2000) (00010); 21st Century (2001-2100) (00011) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: Patterns of Indian Multilingualism Correspondence author: Mallikarjun, B   Author e-mail address: mallikarjun56@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-18 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-11-01 Accession number: 201021103 ProQuest document ID: 772305838 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/772305838?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Using Technology in the English Language Classroom Author: Gupta, Renu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 61-77. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513069?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the use of technology in the language classroom. It examines the role of the language class (specifically, the English class) and how this frames the use of technology to support its academic and communication roles. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Computer Mediated Communication (14353) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Using Technology in the English Language Classroom Correspondence author: Gupta, Renu   Author e-mail address: renu@stanfordalumni.org Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 61-77 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022979 ProQuest document ID: 822513069 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513069?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Compounding in Technical English Prescribed for Engineering Students in Tamilnadu Author: Malathy, P11 Dept English, Kumaraguru Coll Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India visitmalu@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 157-164. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513135?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching word compounding in technical English courses offered to students of engineering schools in the Tamil Nadu State, India, is discussed, noting the high occurrence of compound items in this specialized variety of English. The most important compounding processes & strategies in English are described for didactic purposes. Syntactic & juxtaposed compounds are differentiated as two major classes, & several categories are differentiated within each: (1) verb + noun, (2) adjective + noun, (3) verb + preposition, (4) preposition + noun, & (5) phrasal compounds are described & illustrated with examples as the five subtypes in the class of syntactic compounds, & five categories are also distinguished in the juxtaposed compounds class: (1) noun + noun, (2) noun/abbreviation + present participle, (3) present participle + noun, (4) noun + verb, & (5) adjective + noun. Methodological suggestions to teachers are offered how to practice compounding in the language class. Z. Dubiel Subject: English for Special Purposes (22300); Scientific Technical Language (75350); Compound Words (13940); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Syntax (86800); Tamil (87650); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Role of Compounding in Technical English Prescribed for Engineering Students in Tamilnadu Correspondence author: Malathy, P   Author e-mail address: visitmalu@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 157-164 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022997 ProQuest document ID: 822513135 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513135?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effect of Teachers' Academic Qualification on Students' L2 Performance at the Secondary Level Author: Umar-ud-Din; Khan, M Kamal; Mahmood, Shahzad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 235-245. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513165?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study reports the analysis of the performance of the English Language Teachers (ELTs) and Teachers with Formal Education (TFEs) at secondary level in public high schools. The study shows that ELTs have positive influence on the performance of the students in the final examinations conducted by the board of intermediate and secondary education. We collected the data for present study from three different public schools where ELTs and TFEs were teaching in parallel. The results of the students in their final exam conducted by the board were collected. The results show that those students who receive instruction from the ELTs show better results in the final examinations as compared to those who receive input from the TFEs. The study suggests that the practice of inducting qualified English language teachers at secondary level should continue. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Teachers (76120); Secondary Education (76300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effect of Teachers' Academic Qualification on Students' L2 Performance at the Secondary Level Correspondence author: Umar-ud-Din   Author e-mail address: umariqra@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 235-245 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023014 ProQuest document ID: 822513165 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513165?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Mother Tongue! The Neglected Resource for English Language Teaching And Learning Author: Bhushan, Ravi11 BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya. Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, India bhushanravi_sharma@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 210-220. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513203?accountid=50982 Abstract: The role of mother tongue in teaching and learning of English has been discussed in literature. The influence of mother tongue is proved both positive and negative in teaching and learning of English. A learner's L1 is an important determinant of Second Language Acquisition. The L1 is a resource which learners use both consciously and subconsciously to help them arrange and re-arrange the L2 data in the input and to perform as best as they can. When and how L1 is put to use depends on Linguistic, Psychological and Sociolinguistics factors. Perhaps the influence of L1 is most evident in L2 phonology. Second language acquisition is a developmental process; L1 can be a contributing factor to it. The cultural features connected with L1 use can be put to good effect when teaching L2. While attempting a writing task in any examination in which a sample writing task may be like writing an article for an international student magazine describing 'a festival or celebration in your country,' or similar topics that refer to their own cultural backgrounds, learners quite often resort to the knowledge of L1 to overcome their difficulty with English equivalents (e.g. Eid ul Fitr, Holi, etc.). This can be used as an opportunity to exploit L1 for L2 practice. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Language of Instruction (43180); Language Use (44610); Native Language (56390); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Phonology (65250); Cultural Background (16350); Study Abroad (84790) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Mother Tongue! The Neglected Resource for English Language Teaching And Learning Correspondence author: Bhushan, Ravi   Author e-mail address: bhushanravi_sharma@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 210-220 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022962 ProQuest document ID: 822513203 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513203?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ e-Learning of Japanese Pictography-Some Perspectives Author: Roy, Sanjiban Sekhar1; Mukerji, Santanu1 School Computing Science & Engineering, VIT U, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India sanjibanroy09@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 91-102. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513237?accountid=50982 Abstract: To understand foreign culture, one has to learn the foreign languages. Among foreign languages, Japanese language has a very important role to play throughout the world. This paper is based on the self-learning process of Japanese pictography (KANJI). We are developing an e-learning tool which will help us to learn Japanese pictography on our own. For that, a colligated study has been made on e-learning of Japanese pictography (Kato& Okamoto, 2003). With the rapid progress of computing technology, this e-learning tool can be of great use to the common people who are interested in learning Japanese language. At the same time, any educational institute's foreign language department can implement this concept while teaching Japanese language to their students. The efforts which we make in this paper, its message, conceptualization and demonstration, fairly minimize the usual customary routine teaching and would inspire the young students to learn the Japanese language by themselves. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Cultural Instruction (16580); Japanese (39500); Japan (39400); Orthography (61750); Computer Software (14360); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: e-Learning of Japanese Pictography-Some Perspectives Correspondence author: Roy, Sanjiban Sekhar   Author e-mail address: sanjibanroy09@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 91-102 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022760 ProQuest document ID: 822513237 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513237?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of L2 Motivation and the Performance of Intermediate Students in the English (L2) Exams in Pakistan Author: Malik, Tahir Ghafoor11 Dept English (SSS & H), UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan tahirgmalik@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 37-49. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513290?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper investigates the role of motivation in the performance of Intermediate students in the English (L2) Exams. Motivation has been regarded as one of the most important factors in the process of second language learning. A class of Intermediate (F.A./F.Sc.) students is studied. Students' motivation is investigated according to Gardner's views on motivation as he described them is his socio-educational model (Gardner & MacIntyre, 1993). A result of final English (L2) Exam is collected in order to see whether or not there is a difference between the performance of F.A. (Arts and Humanities) and F.Sc. (Pre-Engineering/Pre-Medical) students in the English exams. To check the role of motivation in the students' performance, two lickert scale questionnaires are developed consisting of 15 items each; one questionnaire for the students and the other for the concerned teacher. The opinion of the concerned teacher is also obtained on a blank piece of paper. The study shows that there is a big difference between the performance of F.A. and F.Sc. students in the English exams, whereas there is no significant difference between the motivation level of F.A. and F.Sc. students for learning English as L2. So, the paper suggests that the L2 motivation does not play a significant role in the better performance of intermediate F.Sc.. students in the English exams. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Motivation (55580); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); Academic Achievement (00070); Rating Scales (70250); Student Attitudes (84725); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Surveys (86000); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Role of L2 Motivation and the Performance of Intermediate Students in the English (L2) Exams in Pakistan Correspondence author: Malik, Tahir Ghafoor   Author e-mail address: tahirgmalik@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 37-49 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022785 ProQuest document ID: 822513290 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513290?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Importance of Task-Based Teaching in Second Language Acquisition-A Review Author: Hosseini, Hossein Shams1; Pillai, Nadaraja1 Dept Linguistics, KIKS U Mysore, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, India h.shams.h@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 117-132. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513312?accountid=50982 Abstract: Task-Based language teaching has attracted the attention of second language learning which was coined and later developed by second language researchers and educators in reaction to other teacher-dominated, form-oriented methods. Since a better understanding of the theories of Task-Based English Teaching is a prerequisite to better understanding of the perceptions of teachers and how these perceptions affect their teaching, this paper attempts to deal with the issue of task-based in language teaching classrooms in detail. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Verbal Tasks (93800); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Importance of Task-Based Teaching in Second Language Acquisition-A Review Correspondence author: Hosseini, Hossein Shams   Author e-mail address: h.shams.h@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 117-132 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scho larly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022703 ProQuest document ID: 822513312 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513312?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Is It a Language Worth Researching? Ethnographic Challenges in the Study of Pahari Language Author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz11 Bahauddin Zakariya U, Multan, Pakistan gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 103-110. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513464?accountid=50982 Abstract: Pahari, also called Dhundi-Pahari or Dhundi Kairali, is the indigenous language of the native population of Murree in the extreme north of the Punjab province, including some areas of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa province ('Consensus reached,' 2010). It is like other regional languages in Pakistan. It is an underdeveloped, unprivileged and ignored language which lacks proper orthography. A sociolinguistic study was conducted by the researcher to gauge the level of language shift and maintenance. This paper does not directly deal with the results of the original research but with an intermediate issue of ethnographic difficulties faced by the researcher during the prolonged stay in the field for interviews and participant observation. This study focuses on the reaction of the community members towards the idea of Pahari as a language as well as the emergent challenges during the presence of the researchers in the field. The study concludes that Pahari needs to be maintained and sustained through the confidence building measures among the native speakers regarding the value and significance of their language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Ethnolinguistics (22950); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Indigenous Languages (35320); Regional Dialects (72100); Orthography (61750); Language Shift (43750); Language Maintenance (42950); Language Attitudes (41800); Fieldwork (24140) Classification: 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: Is It a Language Worth Researching? Ethnographic Challenges in the Study of Pahari Language Correspondence author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz   Author e-mail address: gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 103-110 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023420 ProQuest document ID: 822513464 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513464?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Instances of Code Switching in Indian Television Serials Author: Prasad, Mahalakshmi11 Dept English, SBRR Mahajana First Grade Coll, Jayalakshmipuram, Mysore, Karnataka, India machiprasad@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 150-156. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822514003?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper tries to look at the phenomenon of Code Switching in TV serials being telecast on Indian Television and tries to analyse the motivations for the use of Code Switching in the dialogues in serials being telecast in Hindi language in India in the framework of Butler's (1997) Performative Theory and Austin's (1962) Illocutionary Acts. Adapted from the source document Subject: Code Switching (12650); Television (88300); Discourse/Text Genres (19280); India (35100); Dyadic Interaction (20150); Language Use (44610); Hindi (31950); Speech Acts (82400); Austin, John Langshaw (06200) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Instances of Code Switching in Indian Television Serials Correspondence author: Prasad, Mahalakshmi   Author e-mail address: machiprasad@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 150-156 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-07-01 Accession number: 201023766 ProQuest document ID: 822514003 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822514003?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning from Movies-'Slumdog Millionaire' and Language Awareness Author: David, Maya Khemlani1; DeAlwis, Caesar1 Faculty Languages & Linguistics, U Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia mayadavid@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 16-26. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822514221?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is important for language teachers and students in multilingual societies to know when, why and with whom a language should be chosen. In this way teachers and students can make links between their linguistic repertoire and the discourse norms of the various interlocutors in such a diverse society. Those with limited language proficiency when speaking to someone who speak a different language might have to use various communicative strategies acquired from their first language to compensate for their lack of proficiency in their speech partner's language. This paper describes the communicative strategies in interactions as used in the movie Slumdog Millionaire to show how an audience outside India, could actually understand the movie which is not entirely in English. This paper shows how a diverse audience who can speak English but not Hindi are able to negotiate meanings through the dialogues which display the use of unique communicative strategies. Learners and teachers can learn from movies such as Slumdog Millionaire and become sociolinguistically competent in a multilingual society. In Slumdog Millionaire, which will be discussed, the characters who are young urbanites code mix many English lexical items in their Hindi dialogues. Adapted from the source document Subject: Metalinguistic Awareness (53180); Films (24300); India (35100); Multilingualism (55650); Discourse Strategies (19255); Communication (13600); Language Proficiency (43570); Code Switching (12650); Audience (05480); English (21900); Hindi (31950) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Learning from Movies-'Slumdog Millionaire' and Language Awareness Correspondence author: David, Maya Khemlani   Author e-mail address: mayadavid@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 16-26 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-29 40 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023760 ProQuest document ID: 822514221 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822514221?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ What Is Most Important? Fluency or Accuracy? Is Learning a Second Language a Conscious Process? Author: Vijay, G11 Dept English, School Science & Humanities, PSNA Coll Engineering & Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India rgvijayac@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 7,  (July 2010): 246-251. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822516664?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper has the objective of finding out the process which Non-native speakers of English adopt to acquire English as their Second Language. It concentrates on two important factors "fluency and proficiency". It supports the need for fluency rather than for proficiency. Feed back of the people who use the English language as a Second Language is gathered through interview method and used for the analysis. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Learning Processes (45950); Fluency (24910); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English Proficiency (22335) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: What Is Most Important? Fluency or Accuracy? Is Learning a Second Language a Conscious Process? Correspondence author: Vijay, G   Author e-mail address: rgvijayac@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 246-251 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023095 ProQuest document ID: 822516664 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822516664?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gender Issues in Teacher Training Materials of ELTIS (English Language Training for Islamic Schools): A Study from Indonesia Author: Rohmah, Zuliati11 ELTIS Surabaya, SAC, Surabaya, Indonesia zettira@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 39-50. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513087?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper presents the results of evaluation done by evaluators of the training materials used for English Language Training for Islamic Schools in three provinces in Indonesia: East Java, West Nusa Tenggara and South Sulawesi. The evaluation focusing on gender issues was conducted using five criteria. The results show that the materials have fulfilled the gender criteria. The materials used for higher training level show better scores compared to the materials for the lower level. This might explain that the materials writers have learned from the previous evaluation given by the ELTIS gender adviser. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Education (87850); Teaching Materials (87950); Sex Differences (77850); Indonesia (35500); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Religions (72750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Gender Issues in Teacher Training Materials of ELTIS (English Language Training for Islamic Schools): A Study from Indonesia Correspondence author: Rohmah, Zuliati   Author e-mail address: zettira@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 39-50 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Sc holarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023007 ProQuest document ID: 822513087 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513087?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Composition to Adult Learners of ESL-Strategically Bridging Learner Deficiency and Metacognitive Proficiency through Emotional Intelligence: A Case Study of Indian and Libyan Situations Author: Dash, Pratap Kumar11 Faculty Education, Brak, Sebha U, Libya pratap_dash70@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 136-145. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513193?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper reflects on the experience and success of the writer in teaching composition to the adult learners of ESL in the rural and tribal areas of India and remote areas of Libya. The writer focuses on the problems of the learners associated with formal composition both in speech and writing. The paper gives an account of how after conducting a series of experiments, it is observed that learner deficiency in ESL composition can be improved substantially to arouse metacognitive proficiency by applying the delicate strategies of ESL learning associated with the broad term called Emotional Intelligence. Then, it gives information about how the writer diagnosed the problems specifically related to society, culture, environment, individual background, linguistic range and exposure, attitude and performance of the learners and adopted methods of proper motivation, design special syllabus and task, suitable teaching-learning methods and materials to help learners to learn better. The paper also discusses how we can create learners' interest and make them participate in classroom activities; improve the knowledge of the subject, style, and the range of vocabulary for the development of composition skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Written Language Instruction (99200); Oral Language Instruction (61350); Metacognition (53100); Emotions (21600); Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); India (35100); Libya (47250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Composition to Adult Learners of ESL-Strategically Bridging Learner Deficiency and Metacognitive Proficiency through Emotional Intelligence: A Case Study of Indian and Libyan Situations Correspondence author: Dash, Pratap Kumar   Author e-mail address: pratap_dash70@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 136-145 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022971 ProQuest document ID: 822513193 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513193?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Code Switching and Code Mixing in Arab Students-Some Implications Author: Kiranmayi, N C1; Phil, M1 Scientific Coll Design, Airport Heights, Mutrah, Sultanate Oman mayidhar@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 153-167. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513231?accountid=50982 Abstract: More recently, educators explored code-switching and code mixing in classrooms and have found it to be effective as a teaching and communicative strategy which can be used among students (Aguirre, 1988; Hudelson, 1983; Olmedo-Williams, 1983). This survey aimed at finding out the implications of code switching and code mixing in Arabic context. It looked at attitudes, outlook and need for code mixing and code switching in Arabs. The survey was conducted using questionnaires, tape recorded conversations, classroom observations, newspapers, billboards, brochures and other relevant materials available to the students. The survey was conducted in the context of the classroom and interactions with other people as well. The data was collected, analysed and results tabulated. The results were further analysed for their positive and negative implications on learning a second language -- English. The researcher hopes that the survey and its results will interest the English teachers not only from the Arab countries but other countries as well, because code mixing and code switching, the two phenomena have positive implications but not negative as was thought by the earlier linguists. Adapted from the source document Subject: Code Switching (12650); Arabic (03750); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Classroom Communication (12250); Language of Instruction (43180); Discourse Strategies (19255); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Language Attitudes (41800); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Code Switching and Code Mixing in Arab Students-Some Implications Correspondence author: Kiranmayi, N C   Author e-mail address: mayidhar@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 153-167 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022986 ProQuest document ID: 822513231 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513231?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Technical Language Lab and CALL-A Descriptive Report Author: Kirubahar, J Samuel Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 127-135. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513342?accountid=50982 Abstract: The modern sophisticated language laboratory is an ideal communication tool because it has a number of advanced facilities that help a student learn a language with proficiency to communicate. The learners can change their attitude by attending CALL laboratory and this enables the teacher develop and use suitable materials and methods. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Language Laboratories (42850); Second Language Learning (75850); Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Communicative Competence (13650); Language Teaching Materials (43950); Language Teaching Methods (44100) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: Technical Language Lab and CALL-A Descriptive Report Correspondence author: Kirubahar, J Samuel   Author e-mail address: samuelkirubhakar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 127-135 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022749 ProQuest document ID: 822513342 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513342?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Classical Language Issues for Telugu and Kannada Author: Thirumalai, M S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 215-219. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513579?accountid=50982 Abstract: Three Dravidian languages of India -- Telugu, Kannada, & Malayalam -- are discussed, noting that the first two received the recognition from the Indian government as classical languages & expressing hope that Malayalam will also attain this status soon. Issues of continuity & change are addressed, pointing out the dangers of contact with Sanskrit phonology & mentioning the resistance of Tamil, also a Dravidian language, to become influence by Sanskrit. The value of literary texts to the maintenance of a classical language is recognized, & educators are urged to include classical style, vocabulary, & texts into school curricula. A restoration of native words from literary texts of the classical period for current use should be undertaken methodically: although it is unavoidable that Telugu, Kannada, & Malayalam will continue borrowing roots & idioms from Sanskrit, all three languages may become significantly enriched with the restoration of native roots & regional & sociolectal usages; modern writers in these languages should become seriously involved in this task. Classical language items are desirable not only in school textbooks or artistic writings, but can also have a role in mass media communication, eg, advertising. Z. Dubiel Subject: Language Policy (43450); Telugu (88320); Kannada (40400); Malay (50740); India (35100); Language Status (43920); Language Contact (42100); Borrowing (09300); Language Usage (44600); Sanskrit (74750); Tamil (87650) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Classical Language Issues for Telugu and Kannada Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: msthirumalai2@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 215-219 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023754 ProQuest document ID: 822513579 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513579?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Mind Your Vocabulary! Author: Pratheeba, N11 Kamaraj Coll Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar, TamilNadu, India pratheeba.bose@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 51-55. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513632?accountid=50982 Abstract: In recent years, English is turning out to be the preferred medium of instruction for mathematics and sciences. Most States in India have made English compulsory for all classes. Immediately after Independence, regional languages replaced English as the medium of instruction in many states. However, current economic realities have necessitated the turn around. English is now seen to be a pre-requisite for success in most careers. IT revolution brought thousands of jobs and such jobs were available mostly to those who had adequate skills in English. With the bio-technological boom also in the offing, the demand for English skills will rather increase, not decrease. This paper presents some methods with which an ESL learner can increase his English vocabulary. Some play-way methods are listed here to help students (and teachers) to increase their active as well as passive vocabulary. When learners uses the methods listed below, they certainly can increase the number of vocabulary they have and use such vocabulary efficiently. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language (22100); Language of Instruction (43180); Mathematics (51850); Content Area Instruction (15190); Natural Sciences (56606); Vocabulary (94830); English for Academic Purposes (22270) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Mind Your Vocabulary! Correspondence author: Pratheeba, N   Author e-mail address: pratheeba.bose@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 51-55 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201022956 ProQuest document ID: 822513632 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822513632?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Lexical Borrowing: A Study of Punjabi and Urdu Kinship Terms Author: Malik, Tahir Ghafoor11 Dept English (SSS & H), UMT, Punjab, Pakistan tahirgmalik@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 22-32. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822514071?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper investigates the phenomenon of borrowing of the kinship terms from one language to another. The languages under inquiry are Punjabi and Urdu in an area where both the languages are spoken as the major languages. It is natural for languages to adopt words from other languages due to their contact with each other. The paper explores the contact situation of Urdu and Punjabi with particular focus on the phenomenon of the borrowing of the kinship terms. A sufficient amount of literature is reviewed on language contact, loanwords, borrowing kinship terms between Urdu and Punjabi. In order to investigate the matter quantitatively, thirty subjects were selected, whose first language (L1) was Punjabi. A questionnaire was made containing kinship terms of Urdu language and the subjects' knowledge of the Punjabi kinship terms was checked. In a community where the speakers are bilinguals with Punjabi and Urdu languages, the study shows that Urdu kinship terms are preferred over Punjabi kinship terms to such an extent that the speakers use Urdu kinship terms even when they speak their mother tongue, namely, Punjabi. Adapted from the source document Subject: Borrowing (09300); Vocabulary (94830); Panjabi (62500); Hindi (31950); Kinship Terminology (40900); Language Contact (42100); Quantitative Analysis (69710); Surveys (86000); Bilingualism (08850) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Lexical Borrowing: A Study of Punjabi and Urdu Kinship Terms Correspondence author: Malik, Tahir Ghafoor   Author e-mail address: tahirgmalik@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 22-32 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023564 ProQuest document ID: 822514071 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822514071?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparison of Students' Achievement in the Subject of English-A Pakistani Context Author: Gillani, Iram Gul1; Khurshid, Khalid; Jumani, Nabi Bux; Rahman, Fazalur1 Dept Education, B. Z. U, Multan, Pakistan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 8,  (August 2010): 146-152. https://search.proquest.com/docview/822517268?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study aims at analyzing the effects of medium of instruction on students' achievement in the subject of English at secondary level. The participants of the study were 310 students of grade X. Sample was randomly selected from 12 boys and girls schools. A multiple choice-item test in subject of English was used as research instrument. It was found that in most cases the performance of the English medium school students was better than that of the Urdu medium students. On the whole, in some cases, by keeping in view the difference of means, the study showed almost the similar performance of both groups but apparently, the students of English medium school students were better in the subject of English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Academic Achievement (00070); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English Proficiency (22335); Pakistan (62200); Language of Instruction (43180); Secondary School Students (76400); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); Hindi (31950) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: A Comparison of Students' Achievement in the Subject of English-A Pakistani Context Correspondence author: Gillani, Iram Gul   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 146-152 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2010-12-01 Accession number: 201023064 ProQuest document ID: 822517268 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/822517268?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Influence of Learning Environment on Learners' Attitude in a Foreign Language Setting Author: Hussain, Muhammad Athar11 Dept Education, International Islamic U, Islamabad, Pakistan athar_iiu@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 573-588. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448714?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate whether there was relationship of classroom learning environment with attitude of secondary school students, gender differences and location-wise differences in Pakistani context in which English is taught as a foreign language. Data were collected from 720 secondary school students in 06 districts of the Punjab Province. Two questionnaires were used, one for learning environment and second for measuring students attitude towards English language. After the instruments were found to be reliable and valid, data were analyzed statistically. Mean score of each item of the two questionnaires was calculated to find central tendency of responses. Gender differences were analyzed by using t-test and Pearson Correlation was calculated to find out relationship between learning environment and attitude towards English. Analysis showed that significant differences were found between male and female students on classroom learning environment and attitude towards English. It is further concluded that female students were more favorable on classroom learning environment and had more positive attitude towards the learning of English. Significant positive correlation was found between classroom learning environment and attitude towards the learning of English. Results showed that learning environment may be made favorable by fostering better pupil-teacher relationship in order to develop positive attitude to learn a foreign language. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Environment (45880); Student Attitudes (84725); Sex Differences (77850); Pakistan (62200); Secondary School Students (76400); Statistical Analysis (83850) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Influence of Learning Environment on Learners' Attitude in a Foreign Language Setting Correspondence author: Hussain, Muhammad Athar   Author e-mail address: athar_iiu@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 573-588 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100356 ProQuest document ID: 837448714 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448714?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Development of a Hindi to Punjabi Machine Translation System: A Doctoral Dissertation Author: Goyal, Vishal11 Dept Computer Science, Punjabi U, Patiala, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 599-946. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448762?accountid=50982 Abstract: Machine Translation is a task of automatic translation a text from one natural language to another. Even after more than 60 years of research, Machine Translation is still an open problem. Work for the development of Machine Translation systems for Indian languages is still in infancy. This research work is an attempt to develop a Machine Translation system from Hindi to Punjabi language. A number of Machine Translation systems have already been developed though their accuracy needs to be improved. Machine Translation is not a trivial task by nature of translation process itself. But Machine Translation of closely related languages eases the task. We call a language pair to be closely related if the languages have the grammar that is close in structure, contain similar constructs having almost same semantics, and share a great deal of lexicon. By closely related languages, we also mean inflectively and morphosyntactically similar languages. Some linguist define closeness between the languages on the basis of features viz. common root, similar alphabets, similar verb patterns, structural similarity, similar grammar, similar religio-cultural and demographic contexts and references, a similar clearly displayed ability to blend with foreign tongues. Generally, such languages have originated from the same source and spoken in the areas in close proximity. Hindi and Punjabi belong to same sub group of the Indo European family, thus are sibling languages. It has been analysed that Hindi and Punjabi languages share all features of closely related languages. For such closely related sibling languages, effective word for word translation can be achieved (Hajic et al., 2000) [90]. Thus for our system, Direct Machine Translation approach which seems promising approach has been used. The challenges in developing Hindi to Punjabi Machine Translation system lie with major problems mainly related to the non-availability of lexical resources, spelling variations, word sense disambiguation, transliteration, named entity recognition and collocations. Adapted from the source document Subject: Machine Translation (50250); Hindi (31950); Panjabi (62500); Natural Language Processing (56550); Language Typology (44450); Similarity (78820); Transliteration (91365); Recognition (71850); Collocations (13280) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Development of a Hindi to Punjabi Machine Translation System: A Doctoral Dissertation Correspondence author: Goyal, Vishal   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 599-946 Number of pages: 348 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100636 ProQuest document ID: 837448762 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448762?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Spread of English Globalisation Threatens English Language Teaching (ELT) in Pakistan Author: Bacha, Mian Shah1; Bibi, Bakht Sheema1 Shaheed Benazir Bhutto U Sheringal Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkwa, Pakistan bachamsb@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 528-545. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448783?accountid=50982 Abstract: The primary purpose of this article is to see English in its global role and to find out whether its globalisation causes any concern for ELT pedagogy in Pakistan. For this purpose, to record the perceptions of the ELTs (English Language Teachers and ELSts (English Language Students) regarding English as a Global Language and its pedagogical concerns for ELT in Pakistan, questionnaires were distributed among the students and teachers of Two Universities and one Post Graduate College. Later on, interviews were also conducted. The results showed that, quite contrary to the hypothesis, Globalisation of English would produce detrimental impact on the indigenous languages and culture and its teaching at University and Post Graduate Levels. But the respondents found it a healthy phenomenon taking exception only to inharmonious contents of the English Language (EL) in the Pakistani context. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as an International Language (22200); Globalization (28120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pakistan (62200); English Language Learners (22310); Language Status (43920); Higher Education (31750); Indigenous Languages (35320) Classification: 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages Title: Spread of English Globalisation Threatens English Language Teaching (ELT) in Pakistan Correspondence author: Bacha, Mian Shah   Author e-mail address: bachamsb@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 528-545 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-29 40 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100673 ProQuest document ID: 837448783 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448783?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Report on the State of Urdu Literacy in India, 2010 Author: Khalidi, Omar11 Massachusetts Instit Technology, Cambridge okhalidi@mit.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 25-149. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448799?accountid=50982 Abstract: What is the status of Urdu literacy in India at the turn of the twenty-first century as gauged through school education? Or how many students in primary schools in various states of India are studying through Urdu as the language of instruction? How many students are learning Urdu as one of the subjects under the three (or four) language formula in various levels of schools? Have the various levels of government -- central, state, and local -- facilitated or obstructed learning of Urdu in various states since independence? To what can we attribute the uneven levels of Urdu literacy and education in various states? Besides schools run by the state, who are the other institutions involved in promoting Urdu literacy? This Report thus asks five critical questions as noted earlier, and answers to these questions will enable reasonable projections about the future of literacy (as opposed to orality) in and education through Urdu. Essentially, then, this Report quantifies and measures Urdu literacy in India since the 1950s. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); Literacy (48550); India (35100); 21st Century (2001-2100) (00011); Education (20900); History of Language Teaching (32144); 20th Century (1901-2000) (00010) Classification: 4115: applied linguistics; adult language development/literacy studies Title: A Report on the State of Urdu Literacy in India, 2010 Correspondence author: Khalidi, Omar   Author e-mail address: okhalidi@mit.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 25-149 Number of pages: 125 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100213 ProQuest document ID: 837448799 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448799?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Caste-Gender Ideology in Gundert's Malayalam-English Dictionary Author: Joseph, Deepa Mary11 Dept Malayalam, U Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India maryjosephdeepa@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 589-598. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448801?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language, a medium for communication, represents a speech community. 'Speech community' signifies a society that shares the same language and culture. Nevertheless, linguistic variations, on the basis of region, religion and caste differences of a social group, could also be seen in a speech community. Social structure and social mobility are the prominent factors of language hierarchy and variations. These linguistic variations reflect overtly the different social facts of a society. In short, language and society are inter-locked. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society (Hudson, 1980). Sociolinguistic is not only to study language in its social context but also to analyze the society from the point of view of language. This study takes up the linguistic and the social variable of a specific speech community and scientifically interprets the relation of the community and its language. The present paper takes two social variables i.e. caste and gender to examine the Sociolinguistic nature of the Dictionary with particular reference to the Kerala society. This paper aims to study the significance of Sociolinguistic nature of Malayalam-English Dictionary by Hermann Gundert (1814-1893), a German missionary. It is written according to the western logic and includes words from the social domain. This dictionary was published in 1872; hence, it represents, among other features, the social structure of nineteenth century Kerala. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bilingual Dictionaries (08700); Ideologies (33850); Social Class (79900); Sex Differences (77850); Malayalam (50770); English (21900); Speech Communities (82410); Cultural Factors (16500); Religions (72750) Classification: 5210: lexicography/lexicology; lexicography Title: Caste-Gender Ideology in Gundert's Malayalam-English Dictionary Correspondence author: Joseph, Deepa Mary   Author e-mail address: maryjosephdeepa@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 589-598 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100694 ProQuest document ID: 837448801 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448801?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Loanwords in Meiteiron: A Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Analysis Author: Pusparani, P1; Pramodini, N1 Dept Linguistics, Manipur U, Imphal, India pusparani.puyam@gmail.com.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 1-24. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448843?accountid=50982 Abstract: English emerged as an International language due to the economic and political power of Britain and the US. Many English words have been absorbed by most of the languages of the world. Meiteiron also contains thousands of such English borrowed words in it. Many of them are firmly rooted in Meiteiron. For this study, a list of English loanwords commonly used in Meiteiron was collected from the written literatures, newspapers, radio, T.V and also from normal day to day conversations. This paper begins with the background introduction of the study of 'Loanword' and the historical context of the language contact of English and Meiteiron. To discuss the nativization process of English loanwords, the phonemic charts of English and Meiteiron are given in the second section. The nativization of unfamiliar sounds of the English loanwords in Meiteiron is the primary focus of this study which is discussed in the third section of this paper. This is followed by a brief discussion of the medium of borrowing in Meiteiron (Eye and Ear borrowing). The impact of English loanwords on Meiteiron is discussed in the fifth section which includes hybridization, obsolescence and phonemic innovation. Finally, the summary of the study concludes this presentation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Borrowing (09300); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Sociolinguistics (80200); English as an International Language (22200); Language Contact (42100); Language History (42600); Phonemics (64670) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: English Loanwords in Meiteiron: A Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Analysis Correspondence author: Pusparani, P   Author e-mail address: pusparani.puyam@gmail.com.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 1-24 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100664 ProQuest document ID: 837448843 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448843?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Micro-Case Study of Vocabulary Acquisition among First Year Engineering Students Author: Vijaya, K R11 Dept English, Rajalakshmi Engineering Coll, Thandalam, Tamilnadu, India viji.murari@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 556-564. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448872?accountid=50982 Abstract: Vocabulary knowledge is very essential to be proficient in any second language. Effective use of language lies in the way one uses its words. The second language teacher always has a question in her mind, "What should I do to enable my students acquire a good stock of words?". This paper aims at giving an answer to this Question. It is a micro-case study of I year engineering students using various teaching strategies while teaching them vocabulary. It has also evolved effective strategies that can be used by English teachers for teaching vocabulary successfully. Adapted from the source document Subject: Vocabulary Learning (94855); Scientific Technical Language (75350); Second Language Learning (75850); Language Usage (44600); Second Language Teachers (76120); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Micro-Case Study of Vocabulary Acquisition among First Year Engineering Students Correspondence author: Vijaya, K R   Author e-mail address: viji.murari@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 556-564 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100343 ProQuest document ID: 837448872 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448872?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English for Medical Students of Hodeidah University, Yemen: A Pre-Sessional Course Author: Al-Ahdal, Arif Ahmed Mohammed11 Panjab U, Chandigarh, India arif_al_ahdal@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 180-377. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448954?accountid=50982 Abstract: Despite Arabic being the medium of instruction in Yemeni schools, English is the medium in many higher educational institutions in Yemen, like medical colleges. This change in the medium puts a strain on the students. As a result, many of them rush to language teaching institutes to learn to cope with the new medium in tertiary education. Many students, it is observed, watch English movies and use electronic media to develop communication skills. They struggle hard to learn to both receive and produce English sentences and discourse. The deficiency of the English-oriented programmes at the pre-university level can be traced to the approach adopted by the teachers of English. They design courses and teach them in such a way that the learner is no more than a passive element in the educational process. Teaching or learning, in such a strategy, is essentially monologic; it is not based on interaction as promoted by the communicative theories of language teaching. The increasing significance of English in all the fields of knowledge calls for a re-orientation in the curriculum, the methods of teaching and the approaches adopted to serve such a purpose. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Medical Language (52400); English for Special Purposes (22300); Republic of Yemen (72930); Language of Instruction (43180); Higher Education (31750); Communicative Competence (13650); Pragmatics (66850); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Arabic (03750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English for Medical Students of Hodeidah University, Yemen: A Pre-Sessional Course Correspondence author: Al-Ahdal, Arif Ahmed Mohammed   Author e-mail address: arif_al_ahdal@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 180-377 Number of pages: 198 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100332 ProQuest document ID: 837448954 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448954?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Multiple Intelligences, Blended Learning and the English Teacher Author: Chakraborty, Prasanta11 Dept English, Women's Coll, Agartala, Tripura, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 546-555. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448968?accountid=50982 Abstract: Taare Zameen Par is a stimulation to handle multiple intelligences in a classroom. In 1983, Dr. Howard Gardner proposed eight different intelligences asking the teaching community to take into account all the varieties of intelligences to assess the potential in the students. Teachers should be trained to present their lessons in a wide variety of ways. The challenge is to involve many more teachers, school administrators, and others to adopt this unique teaching philosophy, to provide each child an opportunity to learn in ways best suited to his/her unique frame of mind. It may not be feasible for many teachers to handle a classroom full of students with multiple intelligences by their own but the modern communication technology, if adopted, could help them face this challenge. Thus, blended learning can be seen also as the linkage among teachers of English, learners, and classroom located in two separate places. At times, blended learning might supplement English course readings and activities with online articles, simulations, video clips of events and other resources. Because of its flexibility, blended learning is preferred by the English teacher equipped with the know-how of modern communication technology. A teacher can introduce an English lesson on grammar in the classroom and then proceed online. The teacher's role becomes that of learning facilitator ensuring if it be a face-to-face interaction, an online course or a blended course. There is social pressure on English teachers to prepare students down-to-business participation in an increasingly global society and give them opportunities to be at par with financially privileged professionals. Thus a programme on Business English can be implemented through a blended learning strategy. However, with computer, Internet in the classroom, it is the language teacher with his/her experience and knowledge that will identify the resource and the facilities suited for an individual learner with his/her unique intelligence and extend them the direction needed. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Intelligence (36450); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Classroom Communication (12250); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Business English (10120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Multiple Intelligences, Blended Learning and the English Teacher Correspondence author: Chakraborty, Prasanta   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 546-555 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100335 ProQuest document ID: 837448968 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837448968?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Omani Women: Are Their Language Skills Good Enough for the Workplace? Author: Chakravarthi, Kiranmayi11 Scientific Coll Design, Mutrah, Sultanate Oman mayidhar@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 10,  (October 2010): 509-527. https://search.proquest.com/docview/837449031?accountid=50982 Abstract: His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said, the king of Oman said "We call upon Omani women everywhere... to roll up their sleeves and contribute to the process of economic and social development." (on the occasion of 20th National Day of Oman) "... of paramount importance, are interpersonal and communication skills. And this is where women can shine, because these are skills we learned from the earliest age. For Arab women today, communication skills must include mastery of the English language as the main mode of communication in the international business world". Dr Rawya Al Busaidi, Minister of Higher Education, Oman, said to the Arab International Women's Forum on 'Women as Engines of Economic Growth' at The European Parliament, Brussels, April 2005. It is in this context that the presenter, an English Language Instructor for the last six years in Oman wishes to report the results of the survey conducted to know if the English Language Programs offered by higher colleges of education in Oman are effectual in providing the necessary language skills to women and girls in preparation for the workplace. Adapted from the source document Subject: Workplace Communication (98470); Females (24000); Oman (60850); Communicative Competence (13650); Interpersonal Communication (37700); English as an International Language (22200); Business English (10120); Cross Cultural Communication (16300) Classification: 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: Omani Women: Are Their Language Skills Good Enough for the Workplace? Correspondence author: Chakravarthi, Kiranmayi   Author e-mail address: mayidhar@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Pages: 509-527 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-01-01 Accession number: 201100745 ProQuest document ID: 837449031 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/837449031?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Development of Time-Compressed Speech Test for Children between 8-12 Years of Age in Telugu Author: Bhargavi, Ch1; Prakash, S G R; Kumar, S B Rathna; Sindhura, G Yamini1 Ali Yavar Jung National Instit Hearing Handicapped, Southern Regional Centre, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India bhargavijan10@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 96-115. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397487?accountid=50982 Abstract: Time compressed speech test is a test for assessing APD, which is a monaural low redundancy speech test. This test provides information about auditory closure and is sensitive to cortical and sub-cortical regions. In literature it has been found that the test that was developed in West cannot be directly used in India due to variation in accent. Hence there is a need to develop tests appropriate for the Indian context. The present study aims at developing a time compressed speech test in Telugu for normal hearing Telugu speaking children. The study also aims at obtaining perceptual norms of bi-syllabic phonetically balanced words in different age groups of 8-12 years using the test with four compression levels (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%). The results reveal as follows: There was no significant difference in right and left ear scores for the monotically presented time compressed Telugu speech stimuli. There was no significant difference in the performance scores of males and females across the ages at different levels of compression. With increase in compression level the scores generally dropped. However, the effect of compression at each of the age groups was not identical. There was a significant decrease in performance observed with increase in the level of compression. The findings of the present study on Indian population are consistent with findings obtained on Western population and similar to non-native speakers English speakers and Kannada speaking children. Adapted from the source document Subject: Speech Tests (83100); Children (11850); Telugu (88320); Accentuation (00080); India (35100); Test Validity and Reliability (88800); Speech Perception (82700); Lateralization (Neurolinguistics) (45385); Ears (20465); English as a Second Language (22100); Kannada (40400) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Development of Time-Compressed Speech Test for Children between 8-12 Years of Age in Telugu Correspondence author: Bhargavi, Ch   Author e-mail address: bhargavijan10@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 96-115 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102769 ProQuest document ID: 856397487 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397487?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Implementing Explicit Grammatical Instruction in Thailand Schools Author: Ashade, Dele11 Dept TESOL, Payap U, Chiang Mai, Thailand ashdelle@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 1-14. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397543?accountid=50982 Abstract: A great deal of research has found that, if well implemented, explicit grammar teaching will most likely result in learners' ability to write grammatically correct English and also speak it fluently. Contrary to this position, it is believed that English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) learners in Thailand are lacking in ability to write grammatically correct sentences and even speak English correctly and fluently. This article is based on the hypothesis that one of the major causes of this problem is the wrong implementation of explicit grammatical instruction adopted in several Thailand schools and by a great many teachers of grammar. This article, therefore, seeks to present a step-by-step guide for teachers, first in Thailand and, further, in other countries where English is studied as a foreign language and not as a second language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Grammar Instruction (28550); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Thailand (89250); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Fluency (24910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Implementing Explicit Grammatical Instruction in Thailand Schools Correspondence author: Ashade, Dele   Author e-mail address: ashdelle@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-14 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102897 ProQuest document ID: 856397543 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397543?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ELT in Yemen and India-The Need for Remedial Measures Author: Al-Ahdal, Arif Ahmed Mohammed Hassan11 Panjab U, Chandigarh, India arif_al_ahdal@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 140-153. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397636?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to investigate the ELT scenario in both Yemen and India at the school level with an aim to project/highlight the problems of both the situations and present some suggestions that, once carried out, can improve the teachers' performance and thereby enhance the standard of teaching of English in the said contexts. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Republic of Yemen (72930); India (35100); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: ELT in Yemen and India-The Need for Remedial Measures Correspondence author: Al-Ahdal, Arif Ahmed Mohammed Hassan   Author e-mail address: arif_al_ahdal@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 140-153 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102896 ProQuest document ID: 856397636 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397636?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Enhancing Language Skills Using Learn to Speak English Software in Engineering Students of Andhra Pradesh Author: Kumar, E Suresh1; Madhavi, K V1 Dept English, Osmania U, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India suresh.erpula@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 213-222. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397642?accountid=50982 Abstract: The methods of teaching and learning English have changed significantly. A new way of learning technique has emerged with the facility of computers and internet. The present paper highlights the use of LEARN TO SPEAK ENGLISH software in enhancing language skills among the Engineering students of Andhra Pradesh. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Learning Strategies (46000); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Computer Software (14360); Scientific Technical Language (75350); English for Special Purposes (22300); Oral Language Instruction (61350) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Enhancing Language Skills Using Learn to Speak English Software in Engineering Students of Andhra Pradesh Correspondence author: Kumar, E Suresh   Author e-mail address: suresh.erpula@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 213-222 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102912 ProQuest document ID: 856397642 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397642?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language and Gender-Linguistic Analysis of Intermediate English Textbooks in Pakistan Author: Hussain, Malik1; Afsar, Ayaz1 Dept English, International Islamic U Islamabad, Pakistan maliknaseerhussain@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 26-42. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397700?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims at analyzing the four English language textbooks of intermediate classes in Pakistan. The textbooks are the approved course of Intermediate classes by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Islamabad [FBISE], Pakistan and all the educational boards of the Punjab, Pakistan. The starting point of the study is that gender equality and gender equity are among the major concerns of the world today. This concern about gender equality has also been reiterated in the Pakistan Education Sectors Reforms 2001-2005, and National Plan of Action concerning Education for All [EFA] 2001-2015. But the current practices in education sector in Pakistan do not speak for it. The study has been conducted by employing feminist perspective on the textbooks. The analysis uses the qualitative approach of Kabira & Masinjila (1997) framework of gender analysis. This model looks at the textbooks by raising a series of questions that expose the gender responsiveness of a text. This paper uses only one aspect named "language use" of the model to analyse the gender related language of the textbooks. The results of the study show that in most of the textbook items language regarding gender issues is stereotypical and does not represent the present world realities. The study concludes that female gender has been demeaned and marginalized through the negative stereotyping of the language whereas male gender has been uplifted in the textbooks. Thus, the textbooks offer only the realities of the past which cannot be acceptable to females in the present world. Moreover, such type of biased use of language may impart negative impact on the minds of the students who study these textbooks on daily basis. Therefore, the study recommends that textbooks should be reviewed, and instead of gender biased and gender blind use of language in the textbooks, gendered balanced and gender aware language should be used in the English language textbooks. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Textbooks (44300); Sex Differences (77850); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Feminism (24100); Text Analysis (89100); Stereotypes (84050) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Language and Gender-Linguistic Analysis of Intermediate English Textbooks in Pakistan Correspondence author: Hussain, Malik   Author e-mail address: maliknaseerhussain@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 26-42 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102906 ProQuest document ID: 856397700 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397700?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effectiveness of Technology in Teaching Study Skills Author: Jayachandran, J11 Anna U Technology-Chennai, Viluppuram, Tamilnadu, India jjannauniv@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 179-184. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397746?accountid=50982 Abstract: This Paper discusses on how students can learn Study Skills by integrating pedagogy and technology. Technology is an ever increasing part of English Language Teaching, thus with this integrated skills, the effectiveness of technology in learning study skills is emphasized. Adapted from the source document Subject: Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Effectiveness of Technology in Teaching Study Skills Correspondence author: Jayachandran, J   Author e-mail address: jjannauniv@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 179-184 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Jo urnals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102908 ProQuest document ID: 856397746 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397746?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Nature of Sentence Intonation in Kannada, Tulu and Konkani Author: Mathew, Mili Mary1; Bhat, Jayashree S1 Dept Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical Coll, Manipal U, Mangalore, Karnataka, India mili.mathew@manipal.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 15-25. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397931?accountid=50982 Abstract: Intonation is one parameter of prosody that gives information on the production aspects of linguistic prosody. The aim of this study was to understand the terminal intonation patterns of different types of sentences in three languages Kannada, Tulu and Konkani. Four simple sentences, one for each sentence type namely, declaratives, exclamatory, interrogatives, and imperatives were taken and recorded in Motor Speech Profile software, by native speakers of the three languages. F0 patterns were plotted using the PHH model of intonation. The results showed that declaratives and imperatives had falling contours in all languages. Exclamatory sentences had raising contours in Kannada and Konkani, but falling contour in Tulu. Interrogatives had raising patterns across all languages, except for males in Kannada. The production of sentences in Kannada, Konkani and Tulu indicated that there are differences in the terminal F0 pattern across the different sentence types. Adapted from the source document Subject: Intonation (38100); Sentences (77450); Prosody (68735); Language Patterns (43300); Language Comparison (41950); Computer Software (14360); Fundamental Frequency (26600); Questions (69930); Kannada (40400); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Dravidian Languages (19800) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Nature of Sentence Intonation in Kannada, Tulu and Konkani Correspondence author: Mathew, Mili Mary   Author e-mail address: mili.mathew@manipal.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 15-25 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201103242 ProQuest document ID: 856397931 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856397931?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems in Teaching of English Language at the Primary Level in District Kohat, NWFP, Pakistan Author: Naseer, Muhammad11 Instit Education & Research, KUST, N.W.F.P., Pakistan drmnaseeruddin@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 223-231. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856398082?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper, the author discusses problems in teaching of English language at the Primary Level in District Kohat, in the North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) in Pakistan. The study was undertaken to identify the problems of teachers as well as students, regarding the subject. The main objectives of the study were (i) to investigate the academic and professional qualification of English teachers, (ii) to evaluate the problems related to teaching of English as compulsory subject in primary schools and (iii) to make recommendations in the light of findings of the study. The participants of the study were from eight schools, six male and two female schools were randomly selected within the District Kohat. This is considered only as a sample study. The researcher himself identified various areas of problems in teaching English language. On the basis of these areas, two questionnaires were developed, one for the head teachers of the schools and the other for the English language teachers of the schools. Data collected through the questionnaires was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using percentage and chi square formula. In the light of the objectives, the main conclusions were: Majority of the teachers were matriculate and had the professional degree of PST, so they were under-qualified for teaching English at the primary level, Audio-Visual aids were not available in the schools and there was no environment of speaking English at schools. On the basis of the conclusions arrived at, recommendations were given. English language teachers should have professional qualifications up to B.Ed. The English language teachers should be provided special training to practice spoken English and should be enabled to use teaching methods specially designed for teaching English at the primary level. Adequate teaching aids may be provided in schools. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Elementary Education (21500); Pakistan (62200); Sex Differences (77850); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Problems in Teaching of English Language at the Primary Level in District Kohat, NWFP, Pakistan Correspondence author: Naseer, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: drmnaseeruddin@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 223-231 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 19 30-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102921 ProQuest document ID: 856398082 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856398082?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Reduplication in Bengali Language Author: Rana, Sohel11 Dept Linguistics, Aligarh Muslim U, Uttar Pradesh, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 88-95. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856398304?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses the reduplication process in Bengali language. It also gives examples from other languages, especially Hindi, Urdu and Panjabi. Bengali is a language, which originated between 900 A.D. to 1000 A.D. It is now spoken by more than 230 million speakers, mostly from West Bengal, Assam. Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, some part of Andaman in India, and in Bangladesh where it is the national language of that country. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reduplication (71960); Bengali (08200); Language History (42600); India (35100); Bangladesh (07450); Hindi (31950); Panjabi (62500) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Reduplication in Bengali Language Correspondence author: Rana, Sohel   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 88-95 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201103200 ProQuest document ID: 856398304 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856398304?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sentence Pattern Method-A New Approach for Teaching Spoken English for Tamil/Indian/EFL Learners Author: Jayakumar, K S11 Dept Mechanical Engineering, SSN Coll Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ksjayakumar@pmail.ntu.edu.sg Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 202-212. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856399017?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses a new methodology, Sentence Pattern Method (SPM), for teaching spoken English for EFL learners. The SPM helps a learner to convert his/her thoughts (in mother tongue) into English sentences very easily. The paper also discusses five important rules for developing spoken English fluency for the learner in a very short time. The SPM was tested with school students, arts and engineering graduates of Tamil medium. It was found out that the learner showed great interest in learning the spoken English and starts speaking English without fear. In other words, the learner started speaking English without worrying about the errors and the nervousness of the learner was reduced considerably. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sentence Structure (77400); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Oral Language Instruction (61350); Tamil (87650); India (35100); Fluency (24910); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Anxiety (03350) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Sentence Pattern Method-A New Approach for Teaching Spoken English for Tamil/Indian/EFL Learners Correspondence author: Jayakumar, K S   Author e-mail address: ksjayakumar@pmail.ntu.edu.sg Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 202-212 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2 940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201102909 ProQuest document ID: 856399017 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856399017?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Politics of Sambalpuri or Kosali as a Dialect of Oriya in Orissa Author: Biswal, Tuna11 Dept Humanities, Purushottam Instit Engineering & Technology, Rourkela, Orissa, India tuna.biswal1979@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 368-377. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856399437?accountid=50982 Abstract: There have been a lot of debates going on regarding the status of Sambalpuri as a dialect of Oriya in Orissa, a state in India. Linguistic interpretations are unacceptable to many speakers of Sambalpuri. There is a politics of division prevailing based on social, economic as well as linguistic issues. Mutually intelligible dialects of the same language spoken by two speech communities, speakers of Oriya from the coastal districts of Orissa and speakers of the dialect Sambalpuri are in the centre of this controversy. Sambalpuri speakers demand a separate and distinct language identity for their speech, distinct from their current identity within Oriya speakers. This paper seeks to study some of the issues on the politicization of this language controversy. As a language, the true recognition of Sambalpuri, whether as a dialect or a language, would come, not by the constitutional certification, but rather through qualitative and quantitative growth of Sambalpuri language and literature, in specific ways. Adapted from the source document Subject: Dialects (18750); Language Policy (43450); Indic Languages (35300); Speech Communities (82410); Linguistic Identity (47470); Political Factors (66453) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Politics of Sambalpuri or Kosali as a Dialect of Oriya in Orissa Correspondence author: Biswal, Tuna   Author e-mail address: tuna.biswal1979@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 368-377 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201103492 ProQuest document ID: 856399437 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856399437?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Paralinguistic and Non-Verbal Props in Second-Language Use: A Study of Icheoku and Masquerade in Nigeria Author: Teilanyo, Diri I11 Dept English & Literature, U Benin, Benin City, Nigeria teilanyo@uniben.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 11,  (November 2010): 52-65. https://search.proquest.com/docview/856399724?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses the use of ideophones, gestures and dramatic physical demonstrations in complementing speech by incompetent users of a second language, namely English. The paper demonstrates that while similar instruments are also used by native speakers of a language for emphasis and rhetoric, they are employed by linguistically handicapped users of a target non-native language more often to prop their speech in order to achieve communication since their knowledge of the resources of the target language are insufficient to attain the purpose. Illustrations are drawn from two Nigerian mass media comedies, Icheoku and Masquerade, which are parodies of the challenges posed by the use of English in societies where it is a foreign or second language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Use (44610); Paralinguistics (62750); Onomatopoeia (60950); Gestures (27950); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Rhetoric (73300); Mass Media (51500); Humor (32950); Nigeria (57910) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Paralinguistic and Non-Verbal Props in Second-Language Use: A Study of Icheoku and Masquerade in Nigeria Correspondence author: Teilanyo, Diri I   Author e-mail address: teilanyo@uniben.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Pages: 52-65 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-03-01 Accession number: 201103545 ProQuest document ID: 856399724 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/856399724?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Interrogative Structures and Their Responses as Speech Initiators and Fluency Booster for Second Language Learners Author: Sai, K Sathya1; Baskaran, G1 Dept English, Velammal Engineering Coll, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India ksathyasai@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 12,  (December 2010): 190-196. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776369?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is observed that one of the major problems of learners of English as a Second Language is framing appropriate questions to seek information and giving responses in appropriate structures with appropriate tense. It is also found that when learners do not have this skill they feel reluctant to start conversation. This also affects their fluency in speech. This paper is an experiment to find out how the knowledge and skills of framing questions will help the second language learners to overcome their initial difficulty in speaking the language. We also propose to investigate how learning to respond in appropriate structure that reflects the question would enhance idea generating capacity and fluency in speech of the second language learners of English. The experiment started with drill on simpler question structures and the use of the same structure with slight alteration for responses. For example, verbal questions were tried first for different tenses as well as for active and passive sentences. Then students were gradually introduced to information-seeking questions from simple to complex structures. An intensive drill on words rearrangement for responses is essential to eliminate the inhibition in exchange of information. Adding discourse markers may also help enhance the fluency. In all these, however, student inquisitiveness is essential for speech initiation and prolonging the conversation with appropriate responses. Adapted from the source document Subject: Questions (69930); Syntactic Structures (86770); Fluency (24910); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Tense (88500); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Conversation (15600); Discourse Markers (19230); Pragmatics (66850) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Interrogative Structures and Their Responses as Speech Initiators and Fluency Booster for Second Language Learners Correspondence author: Sai, K Sathya   Author e-mail address: ksathyasai@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Pages: 190-196 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104350 ProQuest document ID: 862776369 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776369?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English As a Second Language Learning Strategies and Teachability Author: Akhtar, Muhammad Saeed1; Rafi, Muhammad Shaban1 Instit Education & Research, U Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan mahrsaeed@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 12,  (December 2010): 197-203. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776896?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study explores English as Second Language Teaching and Learning strategies at the secondary level of education. The study hypothesizes that there is no correlation between English as Second Language teaching and learning strategies. A sample of 100 ESL learners of grade IX and X was drawn to administer Strategy Inventory Language Learning. A sample of 40 teachers, teaching English as Second Language was also chosen to seek their responses on SILL. Mean Average was calculated to draw comparison between teachability and learnablity. The study reveals that the balance is off-centered between language teaching and learning strategies. The study suggests that the teachers should develop language strategies cohesion and positive supportive learning environment to improve the learners' fluency and competence. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Strategies (46000); Secondary Education (76300); Learnability (45700); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Fluency (24910); Communicative Competence (13650) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English As a Second Language Learning Strategies and Teachability Correspondence author: Akhtar, Muhammad Saeed   Author e-mail address: mahrsaeed@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Pages: 197-203 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104311 ProQuest document ID: 862776896 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776896?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Web-Based Training in Gaining Proficiency in English Language Author: Selvalakshmi, A11 Dept English, Sri Sarada Coll Women (Autonomous), Salem, Tamilnadu, India selvalakshmi.masc@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 12,  (December 2010): 249-253. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776990?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper discusses how websites such as www.nicenet.org can be used to create a classroom, which encourages students to learn in collaboration and use computers in an effective manner. The paper presents an acronymic representation of the word "English." The paper concludes by giving suggestions based on the students' views. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English Proficiency (22335); Internet (37500); Collaboration (13220); Student Attitudes (84725) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Web-Based Training in Gaining Proficiency in English Language Correspondence author: Selvalakshmi, A   Author e-mail address: selvalakshmi.masc@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Pages: 249-253 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104326 ProQuest document ID: 862776990 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776990?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Shift among the Tribal Languages of India: A Case Study in Bihar Author: Richa11 Central Instit Indian Languages, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India rsrishti@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 12,  (December 2010): 167-189. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777137?accountid=50982 Abstract: Abstract not available. Subject: Language Shift (43750); Indigenous Languages (35320); India (35100); Case Studies (10820) Classification: 5111: descriptive linguistics; diachronic linguistics Title: Language Shift among the Tribal Languages of India: A Case Study in Bihar Correspondence author: Richa   Author e-mail address: rsrishti@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Pages: 167-189 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104900 ProQuest document ID: 862777137 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777137?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ How Does Washback Work on the EFL Syllabus and Curriculum? A Case Study at the HSC Level in Bangladesh Author: Maniruzzaman, M1; Hoque, M Enamul1 Dept English, Jahangirnagar U, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh maniruzzamanju71@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 12,  (December 2010): 49-88. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777339?accountid=50982 Abstract: The way in which public examinations influence teaching and learning is commonly known as "washback" or backwash. The washback effect, or the influence of testing on the syllabus and curriculum, appears in any classroom situation. Washback influences the treatment of syllabus and curriculum, and this influence on teachers' teaching attitudes is quite superficial. The washback influences teachers about what to teach, and how to teach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the washback effects on the syllabus and curriculum at the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) level in Bangladesh. The study tried to examine the relationship between the curriculum and the textbooks, and the relationship between the curriculum and the HSC public examination. The target population was higher secondary students and teachers. Data were collected through questionnaires. Findings indicate that the public examination associated with educational reform has an influence on teachers' curricular planning and instruction. It is found that the teachers often have a tendency to "teach to the test"; students are willing to focus only on those subjects and skills that are going to appear in the examination. The study also discovers that the students do not cover the syllabus of the HSC due to test pressure. The study explores that the maximum teachers are not aware of the objectives of the English syllabus and curriculum, and they largely depend on the 'hidden syllabus' published by unauthorized external sources. The investigation discloses teachers' lack of knowledge about how to change their teaching methods to align with the curriculum objectives; therefore, the test exerts negative washback on teaching and learning. Finally, on the basis of current understandings of washback, some suggestions and recommendations are put forwarded. However, the results of the study seem to indicate that only if the student studies towards the examination, the intended qualitative learning will hardly occur, especially, in the period of examination preparation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Washback (Testing) (95800); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); Language Textbooks (44300); Curriculum Planning (16780); Bangladesh (07450); Teacher Attitudes (87840); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: How Does Washback Work on the EFL Syllabus and Curriculum? A Case Study at the HSC Level in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Maniruzzaman, M   Author e-mail address: maniruzzamanju71@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Pages: 49-88 Number of pages: 40 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104321 ProQuest document ID: 862777339 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777339?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Colloquial versus Standard in Singaporean Language Policies Author: Rahman, Tania11 Dept English Language & Literature, National Instit Education, Nanyang Technological U, Singapore rahman.tania3@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 12,  (December 2010): 1-27. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777464?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is based on an investigation of the standard-colloquial debate among the four official languages, English, Mandarin, Tamil and Malay in Singapore. The aim of the study is to examine (1) major steps/movements in the history of Singaporean language policies that have been influential in forwarding the debate in the country and (2) how this debate has been reflected in the country's educational policymaking. Expanding on Gupta's (1989, 1994, 2001) "diglossia model", the study examines the diglossic "H"-"L" relationships among the languages to understand the standard-colloquial issue in the country. The outcomes of this study reveal that (1) the standard-colloquial debate can be extended beyond the "Singlish"-Singapore Standard English (SSE) question to the other three official languages, and (2) the Singapore government's drive for standard language usage marks significant shift in language use and attitudes of the speakers towards the vernacular languages in the country. Adapted from the source document Subject: Colloquial Language (13300); Language Standardization (43900); Language Policy (43450); Singapore (78900); Official Languages (60500); Language Use (44610); Educational Policy (20940); Diglossia (18850); Electromyography (21390); Mandarin (50900); Tamil (87650); Malay (50740) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Colloquial versus Standard in Singaporean Language Policies Correspondence author: Rahman, Tania   Author e-mail address: rahman.tania3@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Pages: 1-27 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201105264 ProQuest document ID: 862777464 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777464?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Speech and Language Characteristics of Monozygotic Twins-A Case Study Author: Koah, Rhea Mariam1; Prasad, J; Sreedevi, N1 All India Instit Speech & Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India rheakorah@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 10, Iss. 12,  (December 2010): 154-166. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777881?accountid=50982 Abstract: There are several reports of twins having a risk of language deviancy which may be because of one twin modelling the immature or disordered speech pattern of their co-twin, which results in the incorrect use of speech sounds and grammar by both the twins. This gives the impression of a secret language between the twins which is called as 'Idioglossia'. Although the concept of Idioglossia is a popular belief, the language of twins have rarely been described in detail or analyzed satisfactorily by the researchers especially in the Indian context. The present case report aims to describe the speech and language characteristics of a pair of monozygotic male twins of 5.6 years with Kannada as their mother tongue. The paper discusses the concept of Idioglossia; whether it is a myth or a fact? The paper also discusses the speech language characteristics and the speech and language therapy reports of the two twins. The study finds that though the phonological errors in the twins are similar, they are not identical. Adapted from the source document Subject: Speech Production (82780); Twins (91980); Case Studies (10820); At Risk Populations (05320); Speech Pathology (82650); India (35100); Kannada (40400); Speech Therapy (83200); Language Therapy (44400) Classification: 6812: special education; language and speech therapy Title: Speech and Language Characteristics of Monozygotic Twins-A Case Study Correspondence author: Koah, Rhea Mariam   Author e-mail address: rheakorah@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Pages: 154-166 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2010 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201105395 ProQuest document ID: 862777881 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777881?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Analysis and Categorization of the Most Prevalent Errors of Intermediate and Elementary Iranian EFL Learners in Writing in Iran Author: Zarei, Gholam Reza1; Mansoori, Sara1 English Language Center, Isfahan U Technology, Iran zareigr@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 1,  (January 2011): 50-60. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776590?accountid=50982 Abstract: Nowadays English is used as a lingua franca for international relationships. Committing errors in using it may become a hindrance to effective communication. Therefore, knowing about the kinds of errors which are commonly committed by the language users, specially the non-native users of this language, seems essential. This paper presents an analysis and categorization of the most dominant errors of intermediate and elementary Iranian EFL learners in writing. The specific research areas of interest are: (1) to which category the most dominant errors are attributable; (2) whether the level of language proficiency makes any differentiation in the category to which the most dominant errors are attributable; and (3) to what extent the adopted model (Keshavarz, 1999) is suitable for the categorization and analysis of the errors. An Oxford placement test was administered to107 female subjects, majoring in TOEFL in the fifth term of Najafabad Azad University to detect the participants' proficiency level. Then, 30 elementary and 30 intermediate (based on Oxford scale) subjects were selected randomly from among them. Next, they were asked to write an essay in 200 to 250 words. After that, the essays were analyzed and the errors were determined and categorized based on the adopted model. The results indicate that: 1. The most dominant errors belong to the syntactico-morphological category. 2. The level of the proficiency makes no difference in the category to which the most common errors belong. 3. The adopted model (Keshavarz, 1999), revised a little at the end, is approximately applicable for analyzing and categorizing the errors. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Iran (38300); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Second Language Writing (76180); Writing Acquisition (98570); English as an International Language (22200); Language Proficiency (43570); Placement Tests (66102) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Analysis and Categorization of the Most Prevalent Errors of Intermediate and Elementary Iranian EFL Learners in Writing in Iran Correspondence author: Zarei, Gholam Reza   Author e-mail address: zareigr@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 50-60 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104356 ProQuest document ID: 862776590 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776590?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Case and Case-Like Postposition in Surjapuri Author: Alam, Shahzad11 Dept Linguistics C.I.I.L., U Mysore, Karnataka, India shahzad8@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 1,  (January 2011): 212-226. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776815?accountid=50982 Abstract: Surjapuri is one of the 26 languages grouped under Hindi with 1.2 million speakers. It is a lesser known language which has not flourished in terms of language and literature as well as its documentation. There is also a controversy regarding the grouping of this language -- whether it is to be marked as a dialect of Maithili or that of Bengali. According to International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, VI, 2nd Edn., it may be a dialect of Maithili. Till now Census of India has kept this language under the Hindi umbrella. However , from its vocabulary and also from the viewpoint of the location of the language speakers it could be preliminarily stated that Surjapuri bears close resemblances to languages like Maithili, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Rajbanshi and Assamese . The paper attempts to throw some light upon the inflecting nature vis-a-vis the syntactic and semantic functions of case and postpositions of Surjapuri. Adapted from the source document Subject: Case (10700); Word Order (97800); Hindi (31950); Dialects (18750); India (35100); Syntax Semantics Relationship (86850) Classification: 4316: syntax; syntax-semantics interaction Title: Case and Case-Like Postposition in Surjapuri Correspondence author: Alam, Shahzad   Author e-mail address: shahzad8@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 212-226 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: Englis h Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104497 ProQuest document ID: 862776815 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776815?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Importance of Practicum in Teacher Training Programme-A Need of the Hour Author: Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed1; Bajwa, Naeem Ullah; Shaheen, Ghazala; Saifi, Saifulla1 Federal Coll Education, Islamabad, Pakistan seek_to_learn@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 1,  (January 2011): 125-141. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776864?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teacher education course, both its theoretical and the practical components, is designed to achieve the required targets. This paper aims to unearth the differences pertaining to the theory and practice of pre-occupational teacher training being imparted in Pakistani teacher training institutions. The experiment for the present study is made up of 120 student teachers of 12 diverse teacher training institutions of Pakistan. They had ended the academic part of the training and were now slotted in practice teaching. This study represented all the Federating units. Observation was employed as a modus operandi to collect data. Visits were made to the class rooms during the period starting from February 2007 to May 2007. Information was composed through 34 sets of surveillance. The observation checklist was prepared to achieve the purpose of this study while acknowledging the broad gaps between theory and practice and by exploiting means and techniques, the use of computer applications for teaching, experimentation and the use of diagnosis evaluation techniques. However, it was observed that novelty and innovation were absolutely missing and the trainees feel themselves satisfied with the identical obsolete techniques and methods through which they were taught. It is, therefore, proposed that the teacher trainers consistently stay at the classes during the practice teaching. Furthermore, increasing the duration of practice teaching will guarantee the success of the programme. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Education (87850); Pakistan (62200); Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Teachers (76120); Language Teaching Methods (44100) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Importance of Practicum in Teacher Training Programme-A Need of the Hour Correspondence author: Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed   Author e-mail address: seek_to_learn@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 125-141 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104184 ProQuest document ID: 862776864 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776864?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Call for Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) at the Undergraduate Level with Special Reference to Andhra Pradesh Author: Anuradha, V1; Madhavi, K V1 Stanley Coll Engineering & Technology Women, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India anuk_radha@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 1,  (January 2011): 206-211. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776889?accountid=50982 Abstract: The historical background of communicative language teaching is outlined and its application to Indian ESL classrooms is explained. The context of ESL teaching in India started changing around the year 2000. Socio-economic factors played a major role in this change. The liberalization of the Indian economy led to the entry of many international companies into the country. Call Centres, shopping malls, trade fairs etc., all need young personnel, fluent in English. Those desirous of immigration to the developed countries need professional help for clearing tests like TOEFL, IELTS, etc. Hence, the avenues where ELT is required in India are unlimited today. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Socioeconomic Status (80150); English as a Second Language Tests (22150); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Call for Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) at the Undergraduate Level with Special Reference to Andhra Pradesh Correspondence author: Anuradha, V   Author e-mail address: anuk_radha@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 206-211 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104312 ProQuest document ID: 862776889 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862776889?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological Adaptation of English Loan Words in Pahari Author: Khan, Abdul Qadir1; Bukhari, Nadeem Haider1 Dept English, School Social Sciences & Humanities, U Management & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan qadirabbasi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 1,  (January 2011): 61-73. https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777064?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to discuss the phonological changes that occur in English loanwords frequently used by Pahari speakers. A list of three hundred words was analyzed for phonological changes. A high frequency of loanwords was found in the fields of technology, vehicle register, entertainment & politics. The study shows that there is a strong influence of native language on the pronunciation of English loanwords: i) Mostly they replace /(schwa)/ with /(upsilon)/ in (c+ (schwa) +c) in the final syllable. ii) /(upsilon)/ insertion was found in English syllabic consonants, /(schwa)/ epenthesis was found in onset consonant clusters at the word initial position after appendix /s/.iii) /ai / & /(schwa)(upsilon)/ diphthongs were replaced by /ae/ & /o/ vowels respectively; & /(open o):/ & /s/ were replaced by /a/ vowel. Four English consonants /(theta), (eth), w, (yogh)/ that are not found in Pahari language were replaced by /t (h), d , v, j/ respectively. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phonology (65250); Borrowing (09300); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Language Contact (42100); Language Dominance (42380); Cultural Factors (16500); Colonialism (13410); English (21900) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Phonological Adaptation of English Loan Words in Pahari Correspondence author: Khan, Abdul Qadir   Author e-mail address: qadirabbasi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 61-73 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-04-01 Accession number: 201104975 ProQuest document ID: 862777064 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/862777064?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Critical Look into Basic Assumptions of Teaching English as an International Language (EIL) Author: Zarei, Gholam Reza11 English Language Center, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran grzarei@cc.iut.ac.ir Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 75-80. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093544?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper is intended to explore some controversies that prevail in Basic Assumptions in Teaching English as an International Language (EIL). It focuses on the assumptions supposed to underlie the new approach to the English language teaching referred to as EIL. Assumptions are evaluated from different perspectives and the problems are highlighted. It is attempted to show that the new position for the English Language cannot lead us to any secure place, supposed to be characteristically distinct from its predecessors. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages Title: A Critical Look into Basic Assumptions of Teaching English as an International Language (EIL) Correspondence author: Zarei, Gholam Reza   Author e-mail address: grzarei@cc.iut.ac.ir Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 75-80 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111974 ProQuest document ID: 902093544 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093544?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Impact of Students' Attitudes on Their Achievement in English-A Study in the Yemeni Context: A Master's Degree Dissertation in TESL Author: Ba-Udhan, Hassan Saeed Awadh Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 138-226. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093558?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims to examine students' attitudes towards English and towards learning English. It focuses on the relationship between students' attitudes towards English and their achievement in English. Besides, the measures adopted by students to improve their proficiency in English have also been investigated. The subjects of the study are 71 first-year students of which 41 are males and 30 are females. They have been studying a four-year BA course in English in the Faculty of Education, Seiyun, Hadhramout University of Science and Technology, Yemen. A questionnaire is administered to collect the data for the study. The findings show that there are no significant differences between the male and the female students in term of their attitudes; both hold positive attitudes towards English and towards learning English and towards the native speakers of English and their culture. The female students realize the importance of understanding the target language culture but interestingly many of them prefer to learn English without paying attention to the culture of the English speaking communities. Moreover, though the Yemeni people realize the importance of speaking English, they tend to discourage people who speak in English among them. It is found that there is a positive correlation between students' attitudes towards learning English and their proficiency in it. Furthermore, the study reveals that students use effective measures such as reading books and newspapers, watching programs in English on TV etc in order to improve their proficiency in English. In the light of this study, it is possible to put forward that factors like students' attitudes towards teachers, curriculum, and teaching methodologies could be the causes of students' low achievement in exams or of their inattentiveness to their studies. In order for teachers to create a comfortable classroom atmosphere wherein meaningful learning can take place, they need to build a good rapport with students and strengthen the rapport among the students themselves. Teachers should encourage the students to interact with them and with each other in English in and outside the classroom. Adapted from the source document Subject: Republic of Yemen (72930); Student Attitudes (84725); College Students (13250); Language Attitudes (41800); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Language Proficiency (43570); Learning Environment (45880) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Impact of Students' Attitudes on Their Achievement in English-A Study in the Yemeni Context: A Master's Degree Dissertation in TESL Correspondence author: Ba-Udhan, Hassan Saeed Awadh   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 138-226 Number of pages: 89 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111977 ProQuest document ID: 902093558 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093558?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Evaluating the Discourse Skills of Engineering Students in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Author: Mangayarkarasi, P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 279-288. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094578?accountid=50982 Abstract: The focus of this paper is the application of written discourse with special reference to technical English writing skill of the engineering students in Coimbatore. The discourse theories of writing are focused upon in this research. Writing is an important part of the engineering course and is an area where students often need plenty of training. The analysis of written discourse is based on Unity, Coherence and Paragraph development. A test was conducted to see how far the students were able to write paragraphs coherently by using discourse markers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Discourse Markers (19230); Coherence (13180); English for Special Purposes (22300); Academic Writing (00072); India (35100) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: A Study on Evaluating the Discourse Skills of Engineering Students in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Correspondence author: Mangayarkarasi, P   Author e-mail address: mangai_sanju@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 279-288 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-11-01 Accession number: 201111872 ProQuest document ID: 902094578 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094578?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Reasons behind Writing Problems for Jordanian Secondary Students 2010-2011 Author: Tarawneh, Rula Tahsin11 Rula Tahsin Tarawneh, M.A. Applied Linguistics Al-Baliqa Applied University Karak Jordan rulatarawneh71@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 92-112. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094613?accountid=50982 Abstract: Jordanian students in the secondary schools face difficulties while writing English language. These problems arise because the students are not adequately familiar with the English language and they do not have enough practice with it. This article highlights the main reasons behind the problems of writing and recommends some solutions to overcome them in Jordanian classrooms. The skill of writing is one of the four skills of English language which must be taken into consideration and not neglected. Adapted from the source document Subject: Written Language Instruction (99200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Jordan (39800); Secondary Education (76300); High School Students (31700) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing; 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Reasons behind Writing Problems for Jordanian Secondary Students 2010-2011 Correspondence author: Tarawneh, Rula Tahsin   Author e-mail address: rulatarawneh71@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 92-112 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111891 ProQuest document ID: 902094613 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094613?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Hoping Against Hope: A Discourse on Perumal Murugan's Koolla Madari (Seasons of the Palm) Author: Daisy11 Department of English, BPS Memorial Girls College, India daisynehra@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 10-21. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094633?accountid=50982 Abstract: Daisy discusses translation in India, noting "the importance of translation from one language to another and from all regional languages to an international language like English." This paper focuses on V. Geetha's English translation of Perumal Murugan's novel Koolla Madari (Seasons of the Palm), which was originally written in Tamil. Adapted from the source document Subject: Literary Translation (49150); Tamil (87650); Novels (59800); English (21900); India (35100) Classification: 4123: applied linguistics; translation (human generated); 5711: poetics/literary theory; literary criticism/theory Title: Hoping Against Hope: A Discourse on Perumal Murugan's Koolla Madari (Seasons of the Palm) Correspondence author: Daisy   Author e-mail address: daisynehra@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 10-21 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111910 ProQuest document ID: 902094633 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094633?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Digital Storytelling-A Case Study on the Teaching of Speaking to Indonesian EFL Students Author: Afrilyasanti, Rida; Basthomi, Yazid Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 81-91. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094697?accountid=50982 Abstract: Multimedia has become more appealing in the teaching and learning process, as it is interactive and encouraging. New advancement in technology usually arouses students' curiosity and, in turn, increases their motivation. This study investigates the implementation of digital storytelling in teaching speaking to EFL students. The results show that students could easily produce communicative and understandable stories using digital storytelling. They could understand other friends' stories easily, so that they contribute actively and supportively in speaking class activities. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Oral Language (61300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Multimedia (55660); Educational Activities (20910); Story Telling (84400) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Digital Storytelling-A Case Study on the Teaching of Speaking to Indonesian EFL Students Correspondence author: Afrilyasanti, Rida   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 81-91 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111941 ProQuest document ID: 902094697 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094697?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A New Tone in ELT-Positive Uses of Translation in Remedial Teaching and Learning Author: Balamurugan, K Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 251-256. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094723?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research paper tries to bring out the status of the higher secondary students' language ability and translation skill. It is an outcome of the result of an experiment work conducted with a view to developing the learner's translation skill. Language is essentially a tool for communication. The prime need of the learner is to acquire an ability to understand and be understood in his mother tongue as well as in the second language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Translation (91200); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Secondary Education (76300); Second Language Learning (75850); High School Students (31700) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English); 4123: applied linguistics; translation (human generated) Title: A New Tone in ELT-Positive Uses of Translation in Remedial Teaching and Learning Correspondence author: Balamurugan, K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 251-256 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111720 ProQuest document ID: 902094723 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094723?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Pedagogical Values Obtained from a Language Class in an EFL Context: A Case Study from Indonesia Author: Milal, A Dzo'ul11 State Institute for Islamic Studies, East Java, Indonesia a_milal@yahoo.co.id Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 234-250. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094726?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study was conducted in an English classroom consisting of mixed-ability adult learners in the context of English as a foreign language. The teacher and the learners are Indonesians. The data were collected by observation and recording to record the class proceeding, and documentation to obtain teacher's lesson plan and post-teaching reflections. The study is focused on three aspects of the language class, namely, the lesson, the classroom interaction, and the teacher-learner power relations. Adapted from the source document Subject: Adults (00600); Student Teacher Relationship (84730); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Classroom Communication (12250); Indonesia (35500); Classroom Observation (12260) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Pedagogical Values Obtained from a Language Class in an EFL Context: A Case Study from Indonesia Correspondence author: Milal, A Dzo'ul   Author e-mail address: a_milal@yahoo.co.id Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 234-250 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111964 ProQuest document ID: 902094726 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094726?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Relationship between Gaining Mastery on 'Content' (School Subject Matters) and 'Linguistic Competence Level in Second Language' through Immersion Program Author: Barimani, Shaban11 Department of English and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran sh_barimani45@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 37-46. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094828?accountid=50982 Abstract: One of the main concerns for the immersion students' parents has always been about their children's lag in academic courses and the school subjects. They thought their children would lag behind in matters such as math in comparison to the non-immersion students. In this study it was attempted to find the proportionate relationship between the level of linguistic competence in second language and mastery on content (subject matters) among the Indian students. Two homogeneous groups of students from two immersion schools from Mysore, Karnataka participated in the study. They were given two different tests on proficiency and content. The obtained data were analyzed through Pearson product moment correlation by SPSS version 17 with alpha 0.05. The result (Sig. = .000) statistically confirmed that the relationship is quite significant. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); Linguistic Competence (47400); Immersion Programs (34650); Second Language Learning (75850); Learning Environment (45880); India (35100) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: The Relationship between Gaining Mastery on 'Content' (School Subject Matters) and 'Linguistic Competence Level in Second Language' through Immersion Program Correspondence author: Barimani, Shaban   Author e-mail address: sh_barimani45@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 37-46 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111755 ProQuest document ID: 902094828 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094828?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Which One Speaks Better? The Field-Dependent or the Field-Independent? On the Effects of Field-Dependent/Field-Independent Cognitive Styles and Gender on Iranian EFL Learners' Speaking Performance Author: Soozandehfar, Seyyed Mohammad Ali1; Noroozisiam, Elmira1 Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, Shiraz University, Shiraz Fars, Iran soozandehfar@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 57-74. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095013?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between the field-dependence/independence (FD/I) cognitive styles and the speaking performance of Iranian EFL learners. It also examines the effects of gender and FD/I cognitive styles on the students' speaking performance. Through Oxford Placement Test, 53 students (10 male and 43 female students) of English at Shiraz University were selected out of 72 initial participants. To measure the students' FD/I level the GEFT was administered. The means of the students' scores on the two courses of Oral Reproduction 1 & 2 taken in the second year were used to represent their speaking test performance. The results of Pearson Product-Moment Correlation revealed a negatively insignificant correlation between the FD/I cognitive styles and the speaking scores (r = -.083, p >.05). The two-way ANOVA analysis confirmed this insignificance; i.e. the FD/I cognitive style, the gender, and the interaction of them did not have a significant effect on the speaking performance. This study suggests some pedagogical implications that there may be no need for EFL teachers, advisers, test developers, and test users to consider test takers' cognitive styles and gender as sources of systematic variance in their speaking performance, and therefore, as sources of test bias. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Sex Differences (77850); Iran (38300); Cognitive Processes (12950); Communicative Competence (13650); Oral Language (61300); Language Processing (43550); College Students (13250) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Which One Speaks Better? The Field-Dependent or the Field-Independent? On the Effects of Field-Dependent/Field-Independent Cognitive Styles and Gender on Iranian EFL Learners' Speaking Performance Correspondence author: Soozandehfar, Seyyed Mohammad Ali   Author e-mail address: soozandehfar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 57-74 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112004 ProQuest document ID: 902095013 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095013?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Provision for Linguistic Diversity and Linguistic Minorities in India-A Masters Dissertation in Applied Linguistics and ELT Author: Vanishree, V M11 St Mary's University College, London, UK vanivm@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 2,  (February 2011): 302-375. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095196?accountid=50982 Abstract: This dissertation presents an overview of the existing linguistic diversity in India and the historical background that has contributed to it as a means to examine the provision for linguistic diversity and language minorities in the nation. The dissertation also highlights the National Language Policy and the States Re-organisation, which has contributed to the political identification of linguistic groups. The paper also evaluates the difficulty in defining a "minority" in India, touches on the misrepresentation of the minority languages in censuses, assesses the effectiveness of the Three Language Formula in education adopted by the Government, and considers the representation of linguistic minorities in the domains of Public Administration, Media and Information Technology. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Language Policy (43450); Educational Policy (20940); Language Planning (43400); Speech Communities (82410); Minority Languages (54250) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy; 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: Provision for Linguistic Diversity and Linguistic Minorities in India-A Masters Dissertation in Applied Linguistics and ELT Correspondence author: Vanishree, V M   Author e-mail address: vanivm@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 2 Pages: 302-375 Number of pages: 74 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112377 ProQuest document ID: 902095196 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095196?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Use of Films in the Teaching of English in India Author: Kawale, Rohit S11 Sangamner College, Maharashtra, India rohit.kawale@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 211-215. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093797?accountid=50982 Abstract: Indian students face a number of problems in learning the English language and in studying English literature. They do not get sufficient exposure to the language in real communication situations. Therefore, they have an insufficient competence in English. In general, there are a number of advantages of using various audio-visual aids in teaching to provide stimulus variation to students. It is possible to screen some English films for the benefit of students. The films based on texts prescribed in the syllabus can be screened. Other films can also be used for different purposes. This method can make students acquainted with British and American English pronunciation and also with the culture reflected in English literature. Therefore, screening of English films should be made a part of the teaching of the English language and literature in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Films (24300); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Use of Films in the Teaching of English in India Correspondence author: Kawale, Rohit S   Author e-mail address: rohit.kawale@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 211-215 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111955 ProQuest document ID: 902093797 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093797?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems Encountered by Arab EFL Learners Author: Jdetawy, Loae Fakhri Ahmad11 School of Language Studies and Linguistics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) loae_jdetawy@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 19-27. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093857?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on problems encountered by Arab EFL learners focusing on the many problems in English language learning and the reasons that lie behind these problems. This paper concludes that Arab EFL learners encounter many serious problems in the four language skills, i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing. It also concludes that the reasons that lie behind these problems are many such as: English is not the mother tongue of the Arab EFL learners, Arab learners use Arabic as their formal language of communication, the lack of the target language exposure as spoken by its native speakers, the Arab EFL learners' preference for using Arabic in EFL classrooms rather than English, the lack and weakness of the input in their language teaching context, the lack of the Arab EFL learners' personal motivation, the inappropriateness and weakness of the English language curricula adopted by some academic institutions, etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Arabic (03750); English as a Second Language (22100); Motivation (55580); Learning Environment (45880) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Problems Encountered by Arab EFL Learners Correspondence author: Jdetawy, Loae Fakhri Ahmad   Author e-mail address: loae_jdetawy@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 19-27 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111990 ProQuest document ID: 902093857 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093857?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language and Nomenclature Imbroglio among the Kukis Author: Haokip, Thongkholal11 Formerly a Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, North-Eastern Hill University th.robert@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 28-35. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093890?accountid=50982 Abstract: Haokip discusses the Kuki ethnic groups spread throughout the Northeastern region of India, Northwest Burma and Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh, touching upon concepts of language, nomenclature and nation-building and nomenclature imbroglio. The various Kuki tribes and clans have not used the advantages of lingual and cultural affinity to gain political mileage, but rather the assertion of other nomenclatures such as Khulmi, Zomi, etc. has impeded their political aspirations. Adapted from the source document Subject: Speech Communities (82410); Minority Groups (54240); Dialects (18750); Language Use (44610); Minority Languages (54250); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Political Factors (66453); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Language and Nomenclature Imbroglio among the Kukis Correspondence author: Haokip, Thongkholal   Author e-mail address: th.robert@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 28-35 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112348 ProQuest document ID: 902093890 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093890?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Standard English as a 'Fiat Code' and the Dwindling Faith behind It Author: Kasaian, Seyed Ahmad1; Subbakrishna, Rangaswamy1 University of Mysore, Karnataka, India Ahmadkasa_amir@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 163-177. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094033?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article reviews the causes of the 'dwindling faith' behind the American and British varieties of English by drawing a comparison between 'fiat money' and these two native varieties of English which are referred to as 'fiat codes' by the present authors. 'Fiat money' is the money whose value comes entirely from the faith its users choose to put in it believing that they can exchange the money for the things and services they may need in future. What is vital for the survival of fiat money is the continued faith of its users. If this customer faith is not maintained for one reason or another, 'fiat money' loses its strength. American and British varieties of English are likened to 'fiat money' and are called 'fiat codes' in that they have the same two characteristics fiat money has. The worldwide recognition of British and American English was not because of their intrinsic linguistic superiority over other languages in the world; the recognition originated from the faith of the people who had chosen to use them as varieties of a language of international communication with the belief that they could solve their communication problems in a world which has become increasingly dependent on international communications. Since the custodians of the these two varieties of English have failed to heed the reality of the language learning situations in the world and have insisted on the promotion of their own native varieties of English, they are witnessing the loss of faith on the part of the learners of English in general and that of many applied linguists in particular who have begun to promote the non-native varieties of English and demote the formerly unrivaled British and American Englishes. In this paper five major discrepancies between the views of the native speakers and those held by the learners and ELT experts about the status of the American and British varieties of English are mentioned as the major causes of this dwindling faith. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Varieties (44650); American English (02100); British English (09700); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Language Status (43920); Beliefs (08100); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages; 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: Standard English as a 'Fiat Code' and the Dwindling Faith behind It Correspondence author: Kasaian, Seyed Ahmad   Author e-mail address: Ahmadkasa_amir@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 163-177 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112220 ProQuest document ID: 902094033 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094033?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Creative Writing in Language Classes Author: Thirumalai, M S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 481-483. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094616?accountid=50982 Abstract: Thirumalai discusses how creative writing is only somewhat encouraged in composition classes of Indian languages and English at the high school and college levels, as the fact that "language is an important tool to create literature and for sharing experiences among individuals and groups" has yet to be fully recognized. Thirumalai examines possible ways to " improve the course content of such composition classes in Indian languages." Adapted from the source document Subject: Creative Writing (15850); Written Language Instruction (99200); Indic Languages (35300); Secondary Education (76300); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Creative Writing in Language Classes Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 481-483 Number of pages: 3 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111892 ProQuest document ID: 902094616 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094616?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching in Rural India-Issues and Suggestions Author: Bernabas, Simon G11 Postgraduate Department of English, Ahmednagar College, Maharashtra, India s_barnabas@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 303-312. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094673?accountid=50982 Abstract: In multilingual and multicultural India, classes of English students of mixed ability are a feature of every small town. While grouping students of different ability levels is a frequently suggested solution, doing justice to a mixed ability class involves a cost of money and time on the part of the instructor. Bernabas shares his experiences and strategies in teaching a compulsory English class in a college located in a small Indian city. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); India (35100); Language Proficiency (43570) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching in Rural India-Issues and Suggestions Correspondence author: Bernabas, Simon G   Author e-mail address: s_barnabas@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 303-312 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111945 ProQuest document ID: 902094673 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094673?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Analysis of the Lack of Primary English Language Skills among the Technical Students of Hindi Speaking States Author: Kumar, Reenu11 Department of Science and Humanities, Madhya Pradesh, India Reenu.kumar@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 423-427. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094685?accountid=50982 Abstract: As literature relating to the subjects of science, engineering, technology and medicine is available mostly in English language, English language skills are important for the students who study technical subjects. Technical students are required to learn English for discussion, conversation, interviews and presentations. India has considerable numbers of English speakers. However, more number of people know and use English as a second language in South and East India as per the Census reports. In north India too, a good number of people use English as a medium of verbal communication in the proximity of the capital city Delhi, which is a political, industrial, educational, economic and technological hub. But in the states such as Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan and Bihar there are no significant numbers of people who possess at least some primary English language skills. These states are collectively known as Hindi speaking states as Hindi and its many dialects are used as the primary medium of communication. This paper describes the present status of English language skills among the students who pursue engineering and technology courses in the Hindi speaking states. Adapted from the source document Subject: English for Special Purposes (22300); Scientific Technical Language (75350); Communication (13600); India (35100); Language Proficiency (43570) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: An Analysis of the Lack of Primary English Language Skills among the Technical Students of Hindi Speaking States Correspondence author: Kumar, Reenu   Author e-mail address: Reenu.kumar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 423-427 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111937 ProQuest document ID: 902094685 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094685?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model and Advance Organizer Model in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course Author: Ahmed, Iftikhar1; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed; Ali, Akhtar1 Federal College of Education, Islamabad, Pakistan Seek2learn@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 216-231. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094700?accountid=50982 Abstract: The concept attainment model is built around Brunner's study of thinking and is concerned with the nature of the concepts and thinking processes used in concept learning (Brunner 1977). The advance organizer model, which is focused on meaningful verbal learning, provides students with a cognitive structure for making sense out of data presented by the teacher. This paper examines both the concept attainment model and the advance organizer model and compares the effectiveness of these two models in a teacher education course in which M.A. students are studying the teaching of English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cognitive Processes (12950); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Learning Theories (75860); Teacher Education (87850); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); College Students (13250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model and Advance Organizer Model in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course Correspondence author: Ahmed, Iftikhar   Author e-mail address: Seek2learn@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 216-231 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111942 ProQuest document ID: 902094700 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094700?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Paragraph Writing-"Bilingual" Newspapers as Tools Author: Lowrencia, Mary11 Department of English, Bharath Niketan Engineering College Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 313-321. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094720?accountid=50982 Abstract: Lowrencia discusses her strategies for teaching college students how to write effective paragraphs using newspapers as a tool. Students from rural backgrounds hail mostly from Tamil medium schools, and they have minimal exposure to English. While they should not be expected to be able to write effective paragraphs at the beginning of their college lives, it was hypothesized that if ideas were available in Tamil with an English translation, mini-composition paragraph writing could be taught. This could lead students to write on their own with confidence. Adapted from the source document Subject: Written Language Instruction (99200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); English (21900); Tamil (87650); Paragraphs (62600); Newspapers (57800); Second Language Writing (76180); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Teaching Paragraph Writing-"Bilingual" Newspapers as Tools Correspondence author: Lowrencia, Mary   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 313-321 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111962 ProQuest document ID: 902094720 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094720?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English in Schools: Problems and Solutions-A Case Study from Rajasthan, India Author: Mishra, Sanjit Kumar1; Mallik, Aarti1 Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, India sanjitmishra2001@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 253-268. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094729?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper investigates some of the relevant issues hampering the process of learning English as a second language and suggests some important changes towards the improvement of English instruction. As a case study, the authors focus on the curricula of schools in Rajasthan, India. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Environment (45880); India (35100); Case Studies (10820) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English in Schools: Problems and Solutions-A Case Study from Rajasthan, India Correspondence author: Mishra, Sanjit Kumar   Author e-mail address: sanjitmishra2001@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 253-268 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111965 ProQuest document ID: 902094729 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094729?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Critical Analysis of the Function of Mass Media Language as a Tool of Social Oppression Author: Jadhav, Radheshyam11 Network for Sustainable Development & Communication Research, Maharashtra, India radheshyamj@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 191-210. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094852?accountid=50982 Abstract: Sociolinguistics and sociology of language reflected in the newspapers explain the general approach and attitude of the media towards social and political issues, etc. Research in mass media should look beyond linguistic concerns to understand the functioning of the dominant structures. Insensitive language content results in the stereotypical portrayal and discrimination. The print media is heavily 'elite' dominated and, accordingly, it has language preference, language loyalty, language attitudes and language choices. The language use relates to the use of words in a structured and conventional way to communicate using conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings. Communicative use of language is conversation where sender and receiver of the message are involved in the process. The media language is affected by the graded inequality which has found new faces and forms in the new world order. The socio-religious sanctions in support of the oppressive structures and the language they speak are reflected in the media. The media speaks the language of the powerful and the dominant, and not that of the oppressed. The wider range of critical issues of the credibility and public interest along with accuracy, fairness, integrity, transparency, responsibility are at the core of the ethical debate. Imbibing of stereotypes, depiction of violence, sex, vulgarity and influencing the mass psychology in a specific direction are causes for concern. The oppressive structures use transmission and ritual conceptions of communication as per the situation demands. But mostly the ritual communication has been used in media to reinforce and glorify the oppression. Advertising is meant for selling products by using persuasive and emphatic use of language with crispy catchy and easy lines. But, in structural oppression approach, the line between the advertisements and the news is blurred. Media creates a mirage through news, advertisements and pursues conversion of readers into consumers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Function of Language (13700); Mass Media (51500); Political Factors (66453); Social Factors (79910); Advertisements (00670); Language Usage (44600) Classification: 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media/advertising Title: A Critical Analysis of the Function of Mass Media Language as a Tool of Social Oppression Correspondence author: Jadhav, Radheshyam   Author e-mail address: radheshyamj@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 191-210 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112320 ProQuest document ID: 902094852 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094852?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Emergent Literacy Experiences in the Classroom-A Sample Survey in Mysore City Author: Khurana, Sarika1; Rao, Prema K S1 Department of Speech Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing University of Mysore, Karnataka, India sarikakhurana71@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 428-463. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094984?accountid=50982 Abstract: Most of the research on reading acquisition in India has been done with school-age children; hardly any literature is available on the development of emergent literacy in bilingual preschoolers. Children in India enter preschools with varying degrees of exposure to English and bring with them diverse literacy experiences. Preschools in India do not have a standard curriculum; they follow a customized curriculum which prepares children to start formal education. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the literacy experiences of preschoolers in the Indian scenario. Adapted from the source document Subject: Early Literacy (20400); India (35100); Preschool Children (67350); Bilingualism (08850); Reading Acquisition (70650) Classification: 4116: applied linguistics; reading readiness/acquisition/achievement Title: Emergent Literacy Experiences in the Classroom-A Sample Survey in Mysore City Correspondence author: Khurana, Sarika   Author e-mail address: sarikakhurana71@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 428-463 Number of pages: 36 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholar ly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111808 ProQuest document ID: 902094984 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094984?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effects of Multimedia Glosses on Aiding Vocabulary Acquisition in EFL Environment Author: Mohsen, Mohammed Ali A11 Najran University, College of Arts & Science, Najran, Saudi Arabia m.alaskary@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 278-302. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095006?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study investigates the effects of multimedia annotations in CALL environment on the acquisition of English vocabulary for Yemeni EFL learners. Sixty freshmen students were randomly assigned to read stories either on computer screen or in printed text. They were divided into two groups; experimental group received treatments through multimedia software, control group received the same treatment but with traditional printed texts. Vocabulary pre-test and immediate test were administered to both groups. Four weeks later, a vocabulary delayed post-test was administered to both groups to check word retention. Participants of multimedia group were asked to fill in a short questionnaire to see their attitude towards the use of multimedia software. Results showed that experimental group scored higher than control group on the immediate posttest, and a decline in the delayed posttest of control group was greater than that of experimental group. Findings of the test revealed that learning occurred effectively through multimedia CALL. The study discusses the findings of the study on the light of theories of multimedia learning and suggests for future research. Adapted from the source document Subject: Multimedia (55660); Republic of Yemen (72930); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); College Students (13250); Student Attitudes (84725); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Vocabulary Learning (94855) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Effects of Multimedia Glosses on Aiding Vocabulary Acquisition in EFL Environment Correspondence author: Mohsen, Mohammed Ali A   Author e-mail address: m.alaskary@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 278-302 Number of pages: 25 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111997 ProQuest document ID: 902095006 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095006?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Syllable Onset Clusters and Phonotactics in Pahari Author: Khan, Abdul Qadir1; Sarwar, Naveed; Bukhari, Nadeem Haider1 Department of English, UAJ & K, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan qadirabbasi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 330-345. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095023?accountid=50982 Abstract: Pahari is one of the ancient most languages of South Asia. It belongs to Indo-Aryan family of languages. Pahari is spoken over a vast region stretching from Nepal and running through lower Himalayas, in the Himachal Pradesh, and also in the Pakistan and India administered parts of Kashmir. It is a neglected language that has neither a written grammar nor a compiled dictionary. This paper is an effort to look into the possible consonant clusters in onset position of syllable and also to identify syllable onset phonotactics in Pahari. The study shows that two consonants (C1, C2) occupy onset position.The study also explains that C1 and C2 satisfy Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) and exhibit a trend of increase from C1 to C2 by at least two degrees. The study further illustrates some onset phonotactics in Pahari. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phonotactics (65300); Consonant Clusters (14890); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Onset (Phonology) (61000); Phonological Analysis (64950) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology; 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Syllable Onset Clusters and Phonotactics in Pahari Correspondence author: Khan, Abdul Qadir   Author e-mail address: qadirabbasi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 330-345 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112014 ProQuest document ID: 902095023 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095023?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ICT Enabled Language Learning Using Handphones-An Experimental Study Author: Kirubahar, J Samuel1; Subashini, A; Santhi, V Jeya1 Research Centre for English, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India, samuelkirubhakar@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 464-480. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095176?accountid=50982 Abstract: To enhance the quality of higher education through Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the teacher needs a revamp in the present pedagogy as well as in the society. The evaluation of an integrative system in national education, and more particularly in curriculum, needs a national strategy for ICT as it will eradicate sectarianism and increase prospects of employment for the economic uplift of the nation. The use of ICT facilitates learning and breaks the barriers which obstruct the students to attain knowledge by practice and sharing. Learning becomes learner centred. It is easy to access learning. ICT fosters better teaching as it implements both practical and theoretical learning. It expands frontiers of knowledge and technology. This paper focuses on the factors related to policy, planning, and technical requirements for the successful implementation of ICT in an educational system. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); Teachers (87860); Teaching Methods (88150); Higher Education (31750); Communication (13600) Classification: 5518: interpersonal behavior and communication; technology and communication Title: ICT Enabled Language Learning Using Handphones-An Experimental Study Correspondence author: Kirubahar, J Samuel   Author e-mail address: samuelkirubhakar@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 464-480 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112334 ProQuest document ID: 902095176 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095176?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Indigenous Language Abandonment in the Religious Domain in Murree-A Family Report Analysis Author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz1; Khattak, Zafar Iqbal; Shah, Mujahid; Saeed, Sayyam Bin1 Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 36-45. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095197?accountid=50982 Abstract: The roots of any indigenous language lie in the heart of its respective culture. Expression of any sort becomes more fluent and powerful when it takes the route through indigenous language. However, the use of indigenous language is continuously decreasing in schools as well as in the family domain in Murree and the suburban Pahari speaking areas (Abbasi & Asif, 2010). The present study analyses the use of Pahari in the religious domain from the interviews data gathered mostly in the home domain. The religious domain which supposedly has conservative trends also seems to abandon Pahari on religious occasions giving way to Urdu on a massive level. It transpires from the findings of the present study that Pahari, if ever used on religious occasions, is presumed to lose the rhetorical vigor leading to less powerful linguistic impact. The study concludes that Pahari can soon be on the verge of death if the domain of religion also shifts to Urdu like other domains. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Use (44610); Pakistan (62200); Religious Language (72790); Endangered Languages (21760); Indigenous Languages (35320); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Hindi (31950); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Indigenous Language Abandonment in the Religious Domain in Murree-A Family Report Analysis Correspondence author: Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz   Author e-mail address: gulfrazabbasi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 36-45 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112378 ProQuest document ID: 902095197 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095197?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Census and the Aspects of Growth and Development of Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism-With Special Focus on West Bengal Author: Saha, Atanu11 Center for Linguistics, Jawaharlal Nehru University Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 81-119. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095215?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper investigates the growth and development of Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism based on the Census of India data from 1931 to 2001.The investigation is carried out in the following manner: First of all the census data from 1931 Census was collected and the total number of Bangla speakers and Hindi speaking population (comprising the second largest population in West Bengal) was compared. The status of both Bangla as a first and second language and data for Bilingualism of Bangla English or Bangla-Hindi were collected as per the availability. The observations were then tallied with the data given in the People of India Project. The analysis reveals several pertinent information which may be used to make appropriate language policies in the state and other parts of the country. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Use (44610); Language Policy (43450); Bengali (08200); Bilingualism (08850); India (35100); Hindi (31950); English (21900) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Census and the Aspects of Growth and Development of Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism-With Special Focus on West Bengal Correspondence author: Saha, Atanu   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 81-119 Number of pages: 39 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112396 ProQuest document ID: 902095215 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095215?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Look into the Causes of Language Choice among Female Students in Academic Setting in Pakistan Author: Shah, Mujahid1; Khattak, Zafar Iqabl; Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz1 Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 3,  (March 2011): 65-80. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095216?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the causes of gender difference in terms of the language choice in an academic setting. As socio-cultural and psychological aspects are considered to be two of the major factors, which affect the choice of language in different settings and situations, it was deemed important to explore the language choice for male and female students having Hindko/Pashto as mother tongue, Urdu as second language/national language and English as a foreign language. A questionnaire probing language choice was developed and data were collected from 120 participants comprising secondary, college and university students including 60 male and female each. Data analysis revealed that the factors which strongly affect the female choice of language are mostly psychological (inferiority complex) and socio-cultural including social status, prestige, social behaviour and others. The research has significant value; it not only highlights the vital role of psychological and socio-cultural elements in shaping linguistic behaviour but also brings into limelight one of the major areas for research that still needs to be explored in Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sex Differences (77850); Pakistan (62200); Language Use (44610); Psychology (69205); Social Class (79900); Socioeconomic Status (80150) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: A Look into the Causes of Language Choice among Female Students in Academic Setting in Pakistan Correspondence author: Shah, Mujahid   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 65-80 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112397 ProQuest document ID: 902095216 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095216?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Immersion Program: The Indian Context Author: Barimani, Shaban11 Department of English and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran sh_barimani45@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 95-121. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093567?accountid=50982 Abstract: Second language acquisition (SLA) has always been a concern and a field of interest to the theorists, practitioners, and learners. This concern and interest paved the way for the emergence of a number of methods and approaches such as 'immersion program' from time to time. In Indian educational context, immersion program has been implementing for a long time. In this paper the rationale of learning English as a second language by Indian students and the peculiarity of the implementation of immersion program in Indian context is presented. To find the effect of immersion program on incidental second language acquisition statistically, two immersion schools in Mysore, India, were studied. The results confirmed the success of immersion program in second language acquisition in Indian context. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); India (35100); Immersion Programs (34650); Learning Environment (45880) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Immersion Program: The Indian Context Correspondence author: Barimani, Shaban   Author e-mail address: sh_barimani45@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 95-121 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111979 ProQuest document ID: 902093567 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093567?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Brief Introduction to the Sound System of Sizang-A Kuki-Chin Language Author: Sarangthem, Bobita1; Madhubala, P1 Department of Linguistics, Manipur University, Manipur, India loken.lai@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 257-265. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094399?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to present the sound system of Sizang, a Kuki-Chin language. By phonemic status is meant the distinctive function a speech sound or tone performs in keeping words (with their meanings) apart. The contrastive pairs demonstrate the phonemic status of the sounds concerned. Tones, vowels and consonants are dealt within that order to offer relatively extensive and reliable information on the sound system of Sizang. An inventory of the phonemes and allophones of Sizang, specifying their distribution and showing diagrammatically the consonant and vowel phonemes along with their place and manner of articulation are discussed as part of articulatory description. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sino Tibetan Languages (79100); Phonemes (64600); Phonetic Analysis (64675); Speech Sounds (82890) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics; 6110: phonetics; phonetics Title: A Brief Introduction to the Sound System of Sizang-A Kuki-Chin Language Correspondence author: Sarangthem, Bobita   Author e-mail address: loken.lai@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 257-265 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112171 ProQuest document ID: 902094399 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094399?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Linguistic Diversity and Classroom Issues-A Case Study of International Classrooms of the International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Author: Janjua, Fauzia11 Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 282-289. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094659?accountid=50982 Abstract: The problems of foreign students in classroom discourse in English have triggered a question, "how do the learners and the teachers deal with the classroom discourse in a multilingual teaching learning environment in times of linguistic complexity?" Several African and Chinese students come to the International Islamic university with the linguistic proficiency over their native and national languages, for which they find no use in classroom; they have no knowledge of Urdu, that is the language of their peer group and they may not possess the required level of English language proficiency (in listening, reading and writing) even after the completion of the English language proficiency courses. As a result they miss out on several things happening in the classroom. This study was planned to investigate the problems of a multilingual classroom and to propose solutions to deal with the issue. This paper has two objectives; the explanatory purpose, to help foreign students and teachers by understanding their difficulties. The second purpose is normative, to point towards better teaching-learning strategies by conceptualizing the linguistic problems associated with the classroom issues of international students. The research employs a case study methodology with the data collected through questionnaires from foreign students and their teachers. 110 students from different faculties of the university and 20 teachers from the same faculties constituted the sample of the study. The study found that Pakistani teachers may not always stick to English and may recourse to Urdu to deal with problems of the native Pakistani students, so the foreign learners need to learn Urdu (not a university requirement) in order to fit into Pakistani classrooms and the teachers need to devise strategies to address the linguistic issues of the foreign learners. Adapted from the source document Subject: College Students (13250); Classroom Communication (12250); Communicative Competence (13650); Language Proficiency (43570); English (21900); Hindi (31950); Language of Instruction (43180); Higher Education (31750); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: Linguistic Diversity and Classroom Issues-A Case Study of International Classrooms of the International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Correspondence author: Janjua, Fauzia   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 282-289 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111699 ProQuest document ID: 902094659 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094659?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ELT in India-Need for New Thrust Author: Jayanthi, N L N11 Department of Education, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India nlnj@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 290-294. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094662?accountid=50982 Abstract: The conditions under which English is taught and learnt and the reasons for low standard of English in Indian schools, have always been a matter of concern to all language learners and teachers. In fact, there exist many problems that confront Indian linguistic scenario and the present article enlists the major problems and perspectives in the field of teaching English in contemporary India. The article also highlights some of the crucial factors which demand great attention in order to bring about a new thrust in the current linguistic scenario in the country. Adapted from the source document Subject: Educational Standards (20950); India (35100); Educational Policy (20940); English as a Second Language (22100); Language Policy (43450) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: ELT in India-Need for New Thrust Correspondence author: Jayanthi, N L N   Author e-mail address: nlnj@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 290-294 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111700 ProQuest document ID: 902094662 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094662?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of Behaviour of Medical Students Towards Dictionary Use Author: Ahmad, Ali1; Mansoor-ul-Haq, Hafiz; Iqbal, Zafar1 Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information technology, Pakistan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 122-131. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094670?accountid=50982 Abstract: People from different fields of life use a dictionary for their linguistic as well as professional enrichment. General purpose as well as specialised dictionaries are compiled on the basis of the needs users. The users decide about the dictionaries according to their academic and professional needs. The present study aims at finding out dictionary using habits of medical students. The study is quantitative in nature. 100 MBBS students studying at Sharif Medical College, Lahore are selected as a sample of the study. A questionnaire adapted from Hartmann (1999), Nesi (2000), Tono (2001) and Ahmad (2009) is administered among these students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Medical Language (52400); Language for Special Purposes (42550); Dictionaries (18800); College Students (13250) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes; 5210: lexicography/lexicology; lexicography Title: A Study of Behaviour of Medical Students Towards Dictionary Use Correspondence author: Ahmad, Ali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 122-131 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111933 ProQuest document ID: 902094670 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094670?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative Language Teaching: A Modified Version Author: Abbas, Furrakh1; Aslam, Sahar1 University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan furrakh.abbas@umt.edu.pk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 331-341. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094694?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study aims at providing solutions for implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in accordance with local culture. CLT is the first comprehensive method of language learning and it has achieved enormous importance as it addresses all important issues regarding language learning. It has also been criticized by many researchers for paying insufficient attention to the context in which teaching and learning take place. It is considered unsuccessful in a sense that it conflicts with social, cultural and physical conditions of the recipient countries. Despite all the drawbacks in CLT, its importance can not be denied. With expansion of globalization and increased demand of English, adopting communicative language teaching is inevitable. Its prominence is well observed not only in East Asia but also in South Asia. The need of the hour is to particularize its theoretical notions and the most important aspect of teaching is peculiarity. This peculiarity can be achieved by introducing local culture in the framework of CLT. As it is the product of sociolinguists who believe in the relation of language with culture and society, so importance of culture cannot be left out of language teaching. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Culture Relationship (42150); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Cross Cultural Communication (16300); Communicative Competence (13650) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: Communicative Language Teaching: A Modified Version Correspondence author: Abbas, Furrakh   Author e-mail address: furrakh.abbas@umt.edu.pk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 331-341 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111940 ProQuest document ID: 902094694 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094694?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Acquisition through Integrative Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Author: Gunasekaran, S11 Assistant Professor in English, Anna University of Technology Madurai Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 77-83. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094696?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the field of English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction, Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is one method that makes use of computer software to provide learners with interactive learning experiences. This article outlines the history of CALL leading up to Integrative CALL and highlights the technologies used and advantages of this method of instruction. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Language Acquisition through Integrative Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Correspondence author: Gunasekaran, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 77-83 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111952 ProQuest document ID: 902094696 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094696?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Introducing Educational Technology, Moodle at Nizwa College of Technology-A Case Study Author: Kohnke, Lucas11 American University of Afghanistan, Daral Aman Road Kabul Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 144-154. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094709?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses how and why educational technology, Moodle, was introduced in the foundation program at Nizwa College of Technology (NCT), Oman in 2009-2010. It elucidates the issues that the author faced trying to introduce Moodle for the first time in the English Language Department at NCT. Adapted from the source document Subject: Oman (60850); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Introducing Educational Technology, Moodle at Nizwa College of Technology-A Case Study Correspondence author: Kohnke, Lucas   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 144-154 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111958 ProQuest document ID: 902094709 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094709?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Roles of Output in Foreign Language Learning Author: Islam, Mohammad Nurul11 Department of English, Faculty of Languages & Translation, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia nurulelt313@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 229-251. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094759?accountid=50982 Abstract: In a foreign language context, grammar is always construed as an indispensable element to learn. It is the question of how to learn it that becomes a key issue to examine. Concern is placed on how grammar instructions can nurture and develop students' grammar interlanguage system. A wave of research ranging from intensive treatment toward specific linguistic features to focus on form in interactions is put forth. Apart from the insightful research on grammar, some teachers still have a propensity to rely on language input through the adoption of meaning-oriented tasks. A common view held by teachers is that an abundant exposure to language use would warrant the development of students' grammar. The communicativeness of the tasks is believed to enable the grammar learning to take care of itself. While the view, to a large degree, is justified, it might not be sufficient for the whole processing of the intricate development of L2 grammar learning to occur. Accordingly, Swain (1994) sheds light on roles of output as potential learning mechanisms to facilitate the process. This study is an attempt to find some evidence of roles of output in L2 grammar learning. In particular, this study probes the degree to which the underlying process of output in a collaborative interactional grammar task can lead to grammar learning and might yield a different impact upon different levels of students. It is confirmed that output is vital in facilitating learners' noticing and acquisition of the targeted grammatical forms. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Learning (75850); Grammar Instruction (28550) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Roles of Output in Foreign Language Learning Correspondence author: Islam, Mohammad Nurul   Author e-mail address: nurulelt313@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 229-251 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111732 ProQuest document ID: 902094759 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094759?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Integrating Video in English Language Teaching Author: Joseph, Avis1; Baskaran, G1 English Language Centre, Ibra College of Technology, Sultanate of Oman Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 342-350. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094763?accountid=50982 Abstract: The famous saying one picture is worth one thousand words highlights the importance of audio video materials. Particularly, the use of video as an audio-visual material in foreign language classroom enables the teachers to effectively supplement what their textbooks and their teaching practices offer to their students. At the same time, students are also exposed to modern technology and thus are greatly motivated in learning the language. While traditional classroom settings will continue, audio and video materials change the dynamics of teaching and learning. It is obvious that the introduction of video classes would be a great help for foreign language learners to stimulate their communicative talents. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Materials (43950); Videotape Recordings (94000); Visual Media (94550) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Integrating Video in English Language Teaching Correspondence author: Joseph, Avis   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 342-350 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111734 ProQuest document ID: 902094763 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094763?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Interactive Techniques in the Language Classroom-An Activity Based Research Study Author: Kirubahar, J Samuel1; Subashini, A1 Associate Professor of English, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 266-281. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094770?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language learning and teaching can be an exciting and refreshing activity for students and teachers. This atmosphere of excitement and trust can be created where confident students initiate and cooperate in imaginative activities, sharing with each other real messages in authentic and exhilarating interaction. In a second- language situation, interaction becomes essential for survival in the new language and culture, and students need help to cope with styles of interaction. Interaction involves listening to others, talking to others, and negotiating meaning in a shared context. Students can increase their language store through a wide range or interactive games, activities, and tasks. It has been noted that language teachers have to consider the classes with informal atmospheres which are most appropriate environments for communicative language practice. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Classroom Communication (12250); Learning Environment (45880); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Interactive Techniques in the Language Classroom-An Activity Based Research Study Correspondence author: Kirubahar, J Samuel   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 266-281 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111736 ProQuest document ID: 902094770 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094770?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching (ELT) In Saudi Arabia: A Study Of Learners' Needs Analysis With Special Reference To Community College, Najran University Author: Mahib ur Rahman, Mohd11 Department of English, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia mahib024@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 367-461. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095005?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper presents a needs analysis of English language teaching in Saudi Arabia with a focus on education in community colleges. The study covers the following four areas: (1) the identification of difficulties in the four basic language skills of English in students from different skill levels; (2) the identification of learners' needs in English acquisition; (3) the identification of students' motivations and attitudes toward English language learning; and (4) an exploration of students' language learning experiences and their potential language skills that can be explored and promoted by teachers and peers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Saudi Arabia (75100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Student Attitudes (84725); Language Proficiency (43570); Motivation (55580); Higher Education (31750); College Students (13250); English as a Second Language (22100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: English Language Teaching (ELT) In Saudi Arabia: A Study Of Learners' Needs Analysis With Special Reference To Community College, Najran University Correspondence author: Mahib ur Rahman, Mohd   Author e-mail address: mahib024@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 367-461 Number of pages: 95 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: Ind ia ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111996 ProQuest document ID: 902095005 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095005?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language in Andal's Thiruppavai Author: Immanuel, Poornima11 Assistant Professor of English, Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women, Tamilnadu, India pooel10@live.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 210-217. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095236?accountid=50982 Abstract: Andal (a:NDa:L) is a mystic hymnist of South Indian religious renaissance, in particular, the Vaishnavite tradition. The main motive of the religious mystic is achieving an intimate relationship with God. It is essential to have knowledge of the fundamental principles of the mystic's philosophy and theology to understand the language of a mystic. This paper will attempt first to analyze the philosophical and religious content of Andal's Thiruppavai and then proceed to discuss its poetic richness and lyrical felicity. Adapted from the source document Subject: Historical Text Analysis (32130); Religious Language (72790); Philosophy (64340); Poetics (66140) Classification: 5713: poetics/literary theory; historical text studies Title: Language in Andal's Thiruppavai Correspondence author: Immanuel, Poornima   Author e-mail address: pooel10@live.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 210-217 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112417 ProQuest document ID: 902095236 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095236?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Speech Obstacle-Overcoming Adversity Author: Bunce, David J11 Director of Engineering Applications, Super Radiator Coils, Chaska, MN Dave.Bunce@SuperRadiatorCoils.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 4,  (April 2011): 462-466. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095291?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bunce discusses The King's Speech, a film focusing on King George VI, the last emperor of British India, and his triumph over adversity in overcoming his stuttering issues. Bunce shares his own experiences with stuttering and notes how he found inspiration in this movie. He argues in favor of using such moving and motivational stories to battle adversity. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stuttering (84850); Films (24300); Motivation (55580) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Speech Obstacle-Overcoming Adversity Correspondence author: Bunce, David J   Author e-mail address: Dave.Bunce@SuperRadiatorCoils.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 462-466 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112472 ProQuest document ID: 902095291 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095291?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ELS for NNS in Mathematics Teaching-Learning Process at Tertiary Levels-ELS Instructor's Perspectives Author: Kola, Sanjeeva Lakshmi; Gunakala, Sreedhara Rao Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694484?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper, the focus is on the need and minimum requirement of English Language Skills for both Mathematics Instructors and students who hail from Non-Native Speaking countries and are actively involved in mathematics teaching-learning process at tertiary levels. Several studies have been made in this regard. All the findings show that the lack of resources to provide intensive training for students and teachers in the use of specifically Mathematical English results in poor performance. Further, there were few language-based materials or activities in mathematics classrooms, and fewer opportunities for language arts teachers to become involved in educating these students and teachers. Cooperation between Language Instructors and Content Instructors (Mathematics Instructors) will help implement strategies for increasing teacher-student and student-student interaction in the classroom. This study reveals the importance of the communication skills in acquiring concepts. In addition, Mathematics Instructors can and must make every effort to reach out to these students to create a class that is both positive and rewarding. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teachers (87860); Mathematics (51850); Students (84750); Classroom Communication (12250); Higher Education (31750); Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English for Academic Purposes (22270); English for Special Purposes (22300) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: ELS for NNS in Mathematics Teaching-Learning Process at Tertiary Levels-ELS Instructor's Perspectives Correspondence author: Kola, Sanjeeva Lakshmi   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204287 ProQuest document ID: 1010694484 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694484?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Need of Communicative Approach (in ELT) in Teacher Training Programmes in Pakistan Author: Akram, Muhammad1; Mahmood, Anser1 Department of English (Applied Linguistics), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan muhammadakram80@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694554?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teacher education and teacher training are matters of hot discussion in Pakistan. The present study discusses that communicative approach in English language teaching is suffering from neglect in training programmes in Pakistan. Most of the teachers cling to the age-old Grammar Translation method. They do not adopt different classroom activities in ELT. The trainees do not take any interest in communicative approach in ELT and sometimes even the trainers also take no interest in training through communicative approach. The neglect of communicative approach in the training programmes will lead to non-professionalism and it will only perpetuate the weaknesses of traditional way of teaching. It will definitely be a great hindrance to effective communication using English on the part of the learners. It has been commonly observed that students fail to write even a single page in English language even after completing their graduation. There is an urgent need to teach English language through communicative approach both in language classrooms and training programmes. This study is an attempt to highlight the significant role of communicative approach in ELT and particularly in training programmes. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pakistan (62200); Teacher Education (87850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Need of Communicative Approach (in ELT) in Teacher Training Programmes in Pakistan Correspondence author: Akram, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: muhammadakram80@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204297 ProQuest document ID: 1010694554 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694554?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching as Door to Communication Author: Chaswal, Pradeep1; Chaswal, Deepak1 Department of English, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, India Chaswal.pradeep@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694566?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this article, the authors highlight how teachers of English as a second language in India vary in their attitudes to such concerns as speech forms. Those inclined toward conservative and traditional approaches may emphasize formality of style and the literary classics, while more radical teachers feel "no necessity in propagating and recommending a middle class prestige form of English." The authors contend that "neither rigid adherence to the rules of grammar nor deliberate neglect of these rules is good for the health of a living language." Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Classroom Communication (12250); Language Styles (43930) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching as Door to Communication Correspondence author: Chaswal, Pradeep   Author e-mail address: Chaswal.pradeep@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204299 ProQuest document ID: 1010694566 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694566?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Named Entity Recognition: A Survey for the Indian Languages Author: Saharia, Navanath1; Sharma, Utpal; Kalita, Jugal1 Department of CSE, Tezpur University, Assam, India nava.nath@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694647?accountid=50982 Abstract: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the process of identifying and classifying all proper nouns into pre-defined classes such as persons, locations, organization and others. Work on NER in Indian languages is a difficult and challenging task and also limited due to scarcity of resources, but it has started to appear recently. In this paper we present a brief overview of NER and its issues in the Indian languages. We also describe the different approaches used in NER and also the work in NER in different Indian languages like Bengali, Telugu, Hindi, Oriya and Urdu along with the methodologies used. Lastly we presented the results obtained for the different Indian languages in terms of F-measure. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indic Languages (35300); Bengali (08200); Telugu (88320); Hindi (31950); Proper Nouns (68570); Lexicology (46900) Classification: 5211: lexicography/lexicology; lexicology/phraseology Title: Named Entity Recognition: A Survey for the Indian Languages Correspondence author: Saharia, Navanath   Author e-mail address: nava.nath@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204606 ProQuest document ID: 1010694647 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694647?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Text Extraction for an Agglutinative Language Author: Sankar, K1; Vijay, Sundar Ram R; Sobha, Lalitha Devi1 AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694675?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper proposes an efficient algorithm for sentence ranking based on a graph theoretic ranking model applied to text summarization task. Our approach employs word frequency statistics and a word positional and string pattern based weight calculation for weighing the sentence and to rank the sentences. Here we have worked for a highly agglutinative and morphologically rich language, Tamil. Adapted from the source document Subject: Algorithms (01758); Agglutinative Languages (01180); Word Frequency (97450); Computational Linguistics (14100); Text Extraction (89125); Morphology (55500); Tamil (87650) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Text Extraction for an Agglutinative Language Correspondence author: Sankar, K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204535 ProQuest document ID: 1010694675 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694675?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sharing the Future: The Language Situation in Manipur Author: Pramodini, N11 Department of Linguistics, Manipur University, India npdini@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694721?accountid=50982 Abstract: The configuration of Manipur's ethnic, cultural and, above all, linguistic diversity is not only a unique asset for the state but also for the nation. Though small in size, there are thirty-three recognized distinct languages besides Manipuri, spreading over the entire geographical area of Manipur. The management of linguistic, cultural pluralism and other diversities has become the focus of attention because of their increasing importance. This article is primarily concerned with the role of policy and education in language rights and revitalization efforts in Manipur. As part of the study, a brief account of globalization and its impact on languages is given. Next the complex linguistic situation in Manipur is being explored. The correct language situation would eventually help us in forming a correct language policy which will promote the development of our society and prevent us from making mistakes that will lead to the waste of money, manpower and materials. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Language Rights (43650); Language Policy (43450); Educational Policy (20940); Language Diversity (42350); Language Revitalization (43630) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy; 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: Sharing the Future: The Language Situation in Manipur Correspondence author: Pramodini, N   Author e-mail address: npdini@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204731 ProQuest document ID: 1010694721 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694721?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Mother Tongue and Linguistic Globalisation Author: Raj, M K Chand11 President of Malayalasamithi, India sarangchand@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694730?accountid=50982 Abstract: The author examines the significance of the mother tongue in today's globalized world. The issue of language death is discussed, and it is argued that the decline of the mother tongue "is a clear sign of the degradation of the society as a whole." The author contends that evidence shows that the "development of a country is closely associated with the development of its own language." Adapted from the source document Subject: Globalization (28120); Native Language (56390); Language Death (42200) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Mother Tongue and Linguistic Globalisation Correspondence author: Raj, M K Chand   Author e-mail address: sarangchand@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204732 ProQuest document ID: 1010694730 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694730?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language and Sustainable Development in Ghana Author: Sarfo, Emmanuel1; Phil, M1 Department of English, University of Cape Coast, Ghana bigsarforo@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694741?accountid=50982 Abstract: The choice of English as either national or official language in English as Second Language (ESL) situations has been the subject of many academic and political discourses for a long time now. After (colonial) independence, many African nations, including Ghana, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia, have had to grapple with the problem of language choice. Many people have argued for the choice and development of local languages for national and/or official purposes. However, it appears that the argument for the choice of local languages is based on language loyalty and nationalism rather than real socio-politico-economic needs of the times. It is my conviction that the argument must be based on the reality of the social, political and economic needs of the 21st Century. This paper, therefore, sets out to argue for a development of right attitudes towards English; for the English language has come to stay as a communicative tool for social, political and economic development. Adapted from the source document Subject: Official Languages (60500); Language Policy (43450); Language Status (43920); English (21900); Ghana (28000); Political Factors (66453); Social Factors (79910); Language Attitudes (41800) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: English Language and Sustainable Development in Ghana Correspondence author: Sarfo, Emmanuel   Author e-mail address: bigsarforo@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204734 ProQuest document ID: 1010694741 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010694741?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English among the Underprivileged: A Case Study of the Linguistic Minority Learners in West Odisha Author: Mahanand, Anand11 EFL University, India amahanand991@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010699514?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language education has been spreading faster to different parts of our country in recent years. It has percolated even to the interior regions and has been welcomed by almost all sections of our society. There have been pressures on the state governments by the deprived sections to introduce English as a medium at the primary level. Are the schools meant for the deprived sections of society ready to meet such a demand in terms of materials, method and physical infrastructure? Adapted from the source document Subject: Language of Instruction (43180); Educational Policy (20940); Language Policy (43450); India (35100); English (21900) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: English among the Underprivileged: A Case Study of the Linguistic Minority Learners in West Odisha Correspondence author: Mahanand, Anand   Author e-mail address: amahanand991@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204074 ProQuest document ID: 1010699514 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010699514?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Experimenting with the Concept of 'Negotiating Syllabus' in the ELT Classrooms Author: Helen, Melissa11 Department of English, GITAM University, India h_millie28@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010700034?accountid=50982 Abstract: Most of the ELT is done as per the prescribed syllabus/curriculum. It is very rare for English Language Teachers to find themselves in a situation where a rubric is given instead of a prescribed textbook. But the developments in CLT have given rise to a radical syllabus known as 'process' or 'negotiated syllabus'. This paper is based on one such classroom where I found myself without a textbook or any suggested reading. While it posed challenges in terms of choosing suitable texts, it also gave me the liberty that I had always longed for -- the liberty of designing my course, selecting the appropriate material, and designing tasks based upon the needs of my students. However, the paper also observes the dangers of such a syllabus. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Curriculum Planning (16780); Communicative Language Teaching (13750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Experimenting with the Concept of 'Negotiating Syllabus' in the ELT Classrooms Correspondence author: Helen, Melissa   Author e-mail address: h_millie28@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204306 ProQuest document ID: 1010700034 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010700034?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Cultural Resistance through Local EFL Curriculum Development: Three Conditions for Its Sustainability Author: Kasaian, Seyed Ahmad11 University of Mysore, India Ahmadkasa_amir@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010700039?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article reviews the nature, causes and mechanisms of resistance to the teaching of English in its western cultural context which is an undeniable reality in many EFL situations. First, the causes of resistance to the teaching of western culture in ELT programs are discussed from a critical pedagogy perspective. Then, the phrase 'cultural resistance' is operationally defined and the issue of local EFL curriculum development which is seen as a possible resistance strategy to the perceived hegemony of English is given some attention. Next, the author elaborates on three important conditions for the sustainability of cultural resistance through local EFL curriculum development. Finally, a model of sustainable cultural resistance is introduced based on the aforementioned requirements of sustainable resistance. Adapted from the source document Subject: Curriculum Planning (16780); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Cultural Instruction (16580); Language Attitudes (41800); Student Attitudes (84725); Cultural Factors (16500) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Cultural Resistance through Local EFL Curriculum Development: Three Conditions for Its Sustainability Correspondence author: Kasaian, Seyed Ahmad   Author e-mail address: Ahmadkasa_amir@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204307 ProQuest document ID: 1010700039 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010700039?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Dealing with Gender Bias inside Bangladeshi Classrooms: An Overview of Teachers' Perspectives Author: Sultana, Syeda Farzana11 Department of English, American International University, Bangladesh farzana_hafsa@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010700102?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper, the author investigates to what extent the English language teachers in different private universities in Bangladesh are aware of gender bias, how it influences their teaching and how they react and respond to it. To find answers to these questions, a questionnaire was used to be completed by teachers from different private universities in Bangladesh. Question papers designed by a few teachers were studied, some classes were observed and a few teachers were interviewed. The findings are discussed in the paper and, consequently, some suggestions are also made. The findings show that the Bangladeshi private university teachers are not much aware of gender bias; more initiatives should be taken to make them cognizant of it. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Bangladesh (07450); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Sexism (77900); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Dealing with Gender Bias inside Bangladeshi Classrooms: An Overview of Teachers' Perspectives Correspondence author: Sultana, Syeda Farzana   Author e-mail address: farzana_hafsa@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204319 ProQuest document ID: 1010700102 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010700102?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Parsing in Indian Languages Author: Vijayanand, Kommaluri1; Ramamoorthy, L1 Department of Computer Science kvpudu@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702362?accountid=50982 Abstract: The authors introduce the essay collection "Parsing in Indian Languages," a group of papers focusing on important problems in the field of parsing as it relates to work in Indian languages. These papers presented in this book were presented in the National Seminar on Lexical Resources and Computational Techniques on Indian Languages at Pondicherry University, October 4-5, 2010. Adapted from the source document Subject: Natural Language Processing (56550); Computational Linguistics (14100); India (35100); Parsing (62850) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Parsing in Indian Languages Correspondence author: Vijayanand, Kommaluri   Author e-mail address: kvpudu@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 20 12-05-01 Accession number: 201204541 ProQuest document ID: 1010702362 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702362?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Named Entity Recognition and Transliteration for Telugu Language ... Author: Vijayanand, Kommaluri1; Seenivasan, R P1 Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, India kvixs@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702364?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article examines transliteration -- the "translation of named entities" by mapping from one writing system into another -- as it pertains to machine translation. The article explores the reasons for the use of transliteration and explains its techniques and methods. In particular, the transliteration of named entities from English to Telugu is highlighted, and it is argued that the "application of Machine Learning would help in developing a common generator with different production algorithms based on the South Indian Languages like Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil." Adapted from the source document Subject: Recognition (71850); Algorithms (01758); Transliteration (91365); Machine Learning (50240); Telugu (88320); Tamil (87650); Kannada (40400); Malayalam (50770) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Named Entity Recognition and Transliteration for Telugu Language ... Correspondence author: Vijayanand, Kommaluri   Author e-mail address: kvixs@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204542 ProQuest document ID: 1010702364 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702364?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Rhythm and Intonation Patterns in English and Urdu-A Contrastive Analysis Author: Khan, Mohammad Owais11 Department of English, Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia khan_mokhan@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702981?accountid=50982 Abstract: In all the languages, Rhythm and Intonation play a central role in the production of statement and interrogative sentences, without which meaning remains ambiguous and is not conveyed to the listener properly. The rhythm of the languages of the world has traditionally been classified into stress-timed and syllable-timed patterns. In syllable-timed rhythm there is a regular time interval between each syllable, languages like Hindi and Urdu are syllable-timed. An equal time interval is observed between two syllables. Rhythm is produced by the periodicity of a pattern that can be syllable, which is a language specific unit. Intonation involves a one to one interactional occasion when the addresser and the addressee talk to each other. If the addresser and the addressee are from the same social, cultural, regional provenance there are no overt problems of communications because of intonation. But if they are from different social, cultural, or regional provenance, difficulties of communication may arise quite often. The present paper aims at a contrastive analysis of Rhythm and Intonation patterns in English and Urdu. It has been observed that Urdu speakers face difficulties in learning Rhythm and intonation patterns in English. So they use faulty rhythm and intonation patterns by which the connotation is not communicated to the listener appropriately. We devote a special attention to differentiate rhythmic and intonation patterns between the two languages. This paper will help the teachers teaching English as a foreign language as well as the students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Intonation (38100); Rhythm (73600); Second Language Learning (75850); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Communication Failure (13628); Hindi (31950); English (21900); Contrastive Analysis (15570) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning; 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Rhythm and Intonation Patterns in English and Urdu-A Contrastive Analysis Correspondence author: Khan, Mohammad Owais   Author e-mail address: khan_mokhan@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204332 ProQuest document ID: 1010702981 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702981?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Investigation into the Causes of English Language Learning Anxiety in Students at AWKUM Author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal1; Abbasi, Muhammad Gulfraz; Jamshed, Tanveer; Baig, Mirza Naveed1 English Language Centre, Al-Musanna College of Technology zafariqbal@awkum.edu.pk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702982?accountid=50982 Abstract: It has been generally acknowledged that many an individual faces intrapersonal difficulties in learning a second/foreign language. Anxiety is one of them. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors that cause language anxiety among English Department students at Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Pakistan and to devise strategies for reducing the effect of language anxiety. The researchers carried out the study by administering FLCAS (Horwitz et al. 1986) to 62 AWKUM students, and by conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 volunteer students. The findings from FLCAS and semi-structured interviews showed that the students felt anxious of making mistakes and about teachers' correcting their mistakes in the classes; they felt nervousness about failing the exams; and, moreover, it was also found that the students' poor socio-economic backgrounds developed a sense of marginalization among them vis-a-vis foreign language use. Again, the poor return rate of the FLCAS also shows the students' feeling anxiety regarding foreign language. The study recommended that language teachers should adopt purely learners-centred teaching methods. A low- anxiety and supportive learning environment should be created inside the classrooms. Adapted from the source document Subject: Anxiety (03350); Learning Environment (45880); College Students (13250); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Student Teacher Relationship (84730) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: An Investigation into the Causes of English Language Learning Anxiety in Students at AWKUM Correspondence author: Khattak, Zafar Iqbal   Author e-mail address: zafariqbal@awkum.edu.pk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204333 ProQuest document ID: 1010702982 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702982?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Analysis of Intralingual Errors in Learning English as a Foreign Language by Yemeni Students Author: Qaid, Yahia Ahmed1; Ramamoorthy, L1 Department of Linguistics, University of Mysore, India qaid555@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702988?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper presents the errors committed by Yemeni students of English while writing English. The errors committed by the students are classified into three different categories. The first category is interlingual and intralingual errors. The Interlingual errors are those that result from language transfer and are caused by the learner's native language, say L1 whereas the Intralingual errors are those which result from faulty or partial learning of L2, rather than from language transfer (Richards 1973, Gass and Selinker, 2008, Brown, 2007). The second category is language transfer, transfer of training, strategies of second language learning, strategies of second language communication and overgeneralization (Selinker 1972, 1992). The third category is addition, fragment, omission, simplification, structure of the sentences, selection of the words, word order and subject-verb agreement (Corder 1973, Dulay, Burt, Krashen,1982, & Ellis 1997). The aim of this paper is to focus on the intralingual errors Yemeni learners make while writing. The data was derived from free compositions written by 200 learners. Additionally, this paper will also draw attention of teachers of English language to a list of errors that is recurrent among learner. The errors were identified and categorized and the result highlighted a significant difference between the frequencies of intralingual errors types. Adapted from the source document Subject: Republic of Yemen (72930); Interlanguage (37250); Students (84750); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Transfer (Learning) (90850); Error Analysis (Language) (22400) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Analysis of Intralingual Errors in Learning English as a Foreign Language by Yemeni Students Correspondence author: Qaid, Yahia Ahmed   Author e-mail address: qaid555@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204336 ProQuest document ID: 1010702988 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010702988?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing Morphological Analyzers for Four Indian Languages Using a Rule Based Affix Stripping Approach Author: Parakh, Mona1; N , Rajesha1 Reader/Research Officer ldc-monaparakh@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 5,  (May 2011). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010703010?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper deals with the design and development of morphological analyzers for four Indian languages, viz., Assamese, Bengali, Bodo and Oriya. These analyzers are being developed using the Suffix Stripping Approach. The results of the first version of the analyzers using this approach are fairly encouraging. The coverage of the system is directly related to the size of the dictionary. As this is an ongoing work, we hope to expand and make the system more robust, by increasing the dictionary size. Adapted from the source document Subject: Morphological Analysis (55380); Suffixes (85500); Affixes (00750); Bengali (08200); Indic Languages (35300) Classification: 4510: morphology; morphology Title: Developing Morphological Analyzers for Four Indian Languages Using a Rule Based Affix Stripping Approach Correspondence author: Parakh, Mona   Author e-mail address: ldc-monaparakh@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-05-01 Accession number: 201204396 ProQuest document ID: 1010703010 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010703010?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Aspects of Emotional Prosody in Malayalam and Hindi Author: Mathew, Mili Mary1; Bhat, Jayashree S1 Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Karnataka, India mili.mathew@manipal.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 339-351. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093516?accountid=50982 Abstract: Emotional prosody is considered as the ability to express emotions. Intonation is one parameter of prosody that gives information on the production aspects of emotions. The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the intonation patterns in two languages, Malayalam and Hindi, from two different language groups in India and also to document if there are differences in the patterns produced across gender groups. Eight native speakers of Malayalam and Hindi, in the age range of 18-40 years were considered for the study (two males and two females for each of the languages). Simple sentences with five basic emotions were used as the stimuli and the samples were recorded in Motor Speech Profile software (MSP) of Computerized Speech Lab 4150. The patterns were plotted using the PHH model. Acoustic data were subjected to statistical analysis, using Mann Whitney U Test (SPSS Version 16).The results of this study reveal that across the five emotions, the terminal intonation pattern has a falling contour, except for the emotion of anger in females, which has a raising contour. This was observed in both the languages. On subjective observation, there were instances of differences in the patterns across the genders, but these were not statistically significant. Adapted from the source document Subject: Emotions (21600); Malayalam (50770); Intonation (38100); Prosody (68735); Hindi (31950) Classification: 4017: psycholinguistics; psychoacoustics/speech perception; 6110: phonetics; phonetics Title: Aspects of Emotional Prosody in Malayalam and Hindi Correspondence author: Mathew, Mili Mary   Author e-mail address: mili.mathew@manipal.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 339-351 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111647 ProQuest document ID: 902093516 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093516?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on the Influence of Speaking Strategies in Developing the Oral Skills of OBC Undergraduate Students Author: Chanthiramathi, V11 Department of English, VOC College of Arts and Science, TamilNadu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 63-69. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093582?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the influence of speaking strategies that can promote the skill of speaking in the target language, that is, English. This study focuses on students from Other Backward Classes (OBC) at the undergraduate level in the arts and science colleges affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University in Tirunelveli, India. Most OBC students are from the lower middle class and lack proficiency in spoken English. Adapted from the source document Subject: College Students (13250); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Oral Language (61300); Language Proficiency (43570); Conversational Strategies (15635) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: A Study on the Influence of Speaking Strategies in Developing the Oral Skills of OBC Undergraduate Students Correspondence author: Chanthiramathi, V   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 63-69 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111982 ProQuest document ID: 902093582 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093582?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Attitude of Hindi-Urdu Speakers in Patiali: A Perspective Author: Rahman, Motiur1; Gautam, Arvind Kumar1 Department of Linguistics, Aligarh Muslim University, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 118-131. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093945?accountid=50982 Abstract: Present paper deals with the language attitude of Hindi-Urdu speakers in a small town called Patiali of Etah District. In this paper an attempt has been made to throw some light on various definitions of language attitude propounded by different scholars from time to time. It also looks into ethnic perception of Hindi-Urdu speakers of Patiali town and its findings. In this paper study has been attempted throughout the general perception of Hindi-Urdu speakers and the attitude towards the linguistic reality about these speakers. The objective of this study is to discover, analyze, and describe the relation between the linguistic majority-minority populations, and demonstrate, among other things, that the linguistic relation continually evolves and, in reality, is relative to the socio-political and economic conditions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Social Factors (79910); Political Factors (66453); Economic Factors (20600); India (35100); Language Attitudes (41800); Hindi (31950) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Language Attitude of Hindi-Urdu Speakers in Patiali: A Perspective Correspondence author: Rahman, Motiur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 118-131 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112357 ProQuest document ID: 902093945 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902093945?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effective Utilization of Interpersonal Intelligence in Language Teaching Based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences Author: Jayalakshmi, S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 352-360. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094701?accountid=50982 Abstract: Despite India's close acquaintance with the English language, the average student in India lacks the confidence to speak English effortlessly. Classes have long been 'teacher-oriented,' and learners do not have many opportunities to use the language inside in the classroom. Jayalakshmi argues that the practicing teachers should identify the means to provide these opportunities to the students, contending that this should be accomplished with the goal of making students confidence speakers of English. This would enable students to move faster on the road to higher education and gain an upward social and professional mobility. Jayalakshmi highlights the theory of Multiple Intelligences as "an ideal tool to suit the methodologies used to fulfill the communicative needs of an average Indian learner of English. " Adapted from the source document Subject: Intelligence (36450); Classroom Communication (12250); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Learning Theories (75860); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effective Utilization of Interpersonal Intelligence in Language Teaching Based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences Correspondence author: Jayalakshmi, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 352-360 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111954 ProQuest document ID: 902094701 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094701?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Making of New Methods for Alternative Assessment and Evaluation in Indian Context: A Perspective Author: Rahman, Motiur11 Department of Linguistics, Aligarh Muslim University, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 217-224. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094931?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper deals with an alternative personal-response assessment, which in conformity with the learner-centered principles, treats assessment as an integral part of teaching in formative evaluation. Alternative assessment also promotes the atmosphere of confidence so that students that are affected by evaluation become involved in its process. Assessment becomes a diagnostic mechanism for providing the efficiency of the teaching method. Furthermore, it helps students to demonstrate that they are making progress in language skills development, which can encourage their motivation to identify their own strengths and weaknesses, and promote autonomy and independent language learning skills. However, a teacher's role is not less significant in teaching process. They are prompted to communicate freely and are more able to engage in self-criticism and rethinking. Students' involvement in assessment assists them in achieving mellowness and responsibility in making progress in language learning process. A new alternative method called self-assessment has been applied for NLLT (National Level Language Test 2010) at the National Testing Service-INDIA (NTS-INDIA) Centre for Testing and Evaluation, Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysore. It really challenges teachers to introduce a new method of assessment and evaluation to students. The analysis showed that achievements in improving alternative assessment and evaluation language skills must come from a student himself/herself. Adapted from the source document Subject: Achievement Tests (00100); Students (84750); Language Tests (44250); Learning Processes (45950); Language Acquisition (41600); Self Evaluation (76550) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Making of New Methods for Alternative Assessment and Evaluation in Indian Context: A Perspective Correspondence author: Rahman, Motiur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 217-224 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111790 ProQuest document ID: 902094931 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902094931?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Attitudes of the English Language Teachers at Tertiary Level Towards the Use of Computers Author: Rashid Hafeez, Muhammad1; Khattak, Zafar Iqbal1 Federal College of Education, Islamabad, Pakistan safnaan@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 305-322. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095002?accountid=50982 Abstract: The outburst of information technology in the later parts of the twentieth century has taken the whole world into its ambit and Pakistan is no exception. There is an ever growing use of computers with users estimated at somewhere around twenty million. This is quite a considerable number and is enough to cast away any doubts regarding Pakistani youth's fondness for computers. The present study was aimed at the measurement of the attitudes of the English Language teachers towards computers. It was a descriptive study and employed the survey method of research to collect data. Data was collected from two hundred university teacher equally divided into male/female. These teachers were randomly selected from different universities of Pakistan. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the views of the male and the female teachers. Moreover, those who have no professional qualification have the highest mean score. The study recommends that the English teachers should be trained in the use of computers so that they might be able to use them for effective teaching of English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Higher Education (31750); Pakistan (62200); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Teacher Education (87850); Sex Differences (77850); Teacher Attitudes (87840) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Attitudes of the English Language Teachers at Tertiary Level Towards the Use of Computers Correspondence author: Rashid Hafeez, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: safnaan@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 305-322 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201111968 ProQuest document ID: 902095002 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095002?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Parental Contribution to the Acquisition of Language Skills: A Case Study Author: Nilavu, R11 Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute University, Adayalampattu, India nilavusaro@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 168-175. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095009?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article investigates the hypothesis that parents, who have some knowledge of and control over English skills, do significantly contribute to their child's acquiring the language skills in that language. The article has relevance only to the environment where English is not the mother tongue of the learner but is taught as a second or foreign language. The paper presents a case study, observing the simple techniques adopted by the parents of a family in Chennai to inspire, motivate and create passion for English in their child. Adapted from the source document Subject: Parents (62770); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Children (11850); Second Language Learning Theories (75860) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Parental Contribution to the Acquisition of Language Skills: A Case Study Correspondence author: Nilavu, R   Author e-mail address: nilavusaro@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 168-175 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112000 ProQuest document ID: 902095009 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095009?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Vitality of Computer Aided Listening Author: Vijay, B Arokia Lawrence11 Assistant Professor of English, Kumaraguru College of Technology Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 323-327. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095016?accountid=50982 Abstract: Listening strengthens the quality of communication, interpersonal relations, human relations, emotional intelligence, conflict management and team management. The more one listens the better one can speak. Listening acts as a basic tool for the development of one's language. Improvement in fluency of language involves some degree of listening. Unfortunately, majority of the learners of English as a second language are not able to succeed in their communication. One of the major reasons for this is poor listening habit. CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) serves as a better tool to solve this problem. Listening via computer can make a great difference in the development of the listening skill. This paper focuses on CALL listening and argues that CALL listening helps achieve a better listening skill compared to the use of traditional method of teaching listening. In this study, students were exposed to both listening activities (CALL Listening and conventional Listening). The study showed that the learners are comfortable and were able to achieve the desired result by CALL Listening. Adapted from the source document Subject: Listening (48400); Communicative Competence (13650); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Vitality of Computer Aided Listening Correspondence author: Vijay, B Arokia Lawrence   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 323-327 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112007 ProQuest document ID: 902095016 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095016?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Socio-Linguistic Paradigm of the Aimol Author: Suantak, Khawlsonkim11 Department of Linguistics, North-Eastern Hill University Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 6,  (June 2011): 36-49. https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095179?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language as a socio-cultural phenomenon has a deep underlying relationship with the society. Correspondingly, the Aimol language is examined in the backdrop of the socio-linguistic ecosystem in which the speakers live, the language is spoken, the context and situation in which it is used. Further, this article also explains the typological features of the language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Culture Relationship (42150); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Socio-Linguistic Paradigm of the Aimol Correspondence author: Suantak, Khawlsonkim   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 6 Pages: 36-49 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-11-01 Accession number: 201112360 ProQuest document ID: 902095179 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/902095179?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Pedagogical Shift Towards Technology Infused English Classrooms Author: Singh, Gulab1; Bhushan, Ravi1 BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, Haryana, India gulabchillar@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 92-100. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018033?accountid=50982 Abstract: The authors discuss the impact of technology on English instruction, noting that "the whole process of teaching and learning English needs the immediate intervention of technology." They examine the minimum classroom requirements for an information and communications technology-infused English classroom and explore what teachers may require in the years to come. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Language Arts (41700); Language Teaching Materials (43950); Language Teaching Methods (44100) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy; 5518: interpersonal behavior and communication; technology and communication Title: Pedagogical Shift Towards Technology Infused English Classrooms Correspondence author: Singh, Gulab   Author e-mail address: gulabchillar@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 92-100 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112740 ProQuest document ID: 908018033 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018033?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Traditional versus Recent Trends in Evaluation relating to Language Teaching Author: Gautam, Arvind Kumar11 Central Institute of Indian Languages, Karnataka, India amuarvind@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 62-70. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018181?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper describes various types of language tests, important trends in language testing, recent advancements in the field of language testing, and the differences between traditional and recent trends in evaluation. Gautam concludes that modern evaluation is superior in that "it attempts to measure a comprehensive range of objectives of curriculum rather than the achievement in subject matter only." Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Tests (44250); Test Validity and Reliability (88800) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Traditional versus Recent Trends in Evaluation relating to Language Teaching Correspondence author: Gautam, Arvind Kumar   Author e-mail address: amuarvind@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 62-70 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112794 ProQuest document ID: 908018181 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018181?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Degree of Satisfaction and/or Dissatisfaction with Standardised Language Tests Author: Kumar, Suman1; Rout, Nachiketa; Kundu, Piyali1 West Bengal, India sumank16@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 248-255. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018190?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is little research evidence regarding clinicians' performance about standardized tests of language development and their degree of satisfaction with test and testing process. The opinion of Speech Language Pathologists (SLPs) regarding the utility of tests is crucial in the implementation and success of a rehabilitation program. This study investigates the degree of satisfaction/dissatisfaction about standardized tests of language development. This study reports the results of a survey of 40 SLPs in a variety of work setting across the country. SLPs rated their degree of satisfaction with several factors associated with testing: time available for test administration and interpretation, funding available for purchasing tests, and psychometric properties of test. The findings indicated that SLPs are dis-satisfied with time for administration, scoring, interpretation and availability of test material and are neutral with psychometric reliability and money for test purchase. Possible reasons of participants' dissatisfaction are also explored. The findings of this study will provide useful information to develop standardized tests based on linguistic variations (dialects), socio-economic status and age. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Tests (44250); Speech/Language Therapists (83215); Speech Therapy (83200); Language Therapy (44400); Health Care Practitioners (31130); Speech Tests (83100) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment; 6812: special education; language and speech therapy Title: Degree of Satisfaction and/or Dissatisfaction with Standardised Language Tests Correspondence author: Kumar, Suman   Author e-mail address: sumank16@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 248-255 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112796 ProQuest document ID: 908018190 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018190?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gender Differences and L2 Writing Author: Saeed, Abdul1; Ramazan, Mohammad; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed; Iqbal, Javed1 Department of English Kirakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan saeedabdul2212@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 1-10. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018673?accountid=50982 Abstract: Different researchers tried to find out the proficiency difference in Second Language Learning between male and female gender. Most of these researchers found women as better language learners than their counterparts. The present study was also an attempt to investigate the idea of gender difference in learning Second Language through a composition test. Errors of only Past Indefinite tense were analysed. The subjects of the study were the students of Graduation level at Bahawalpur City, Pakistan. Quantitative research paradigm was followed by the researcher for the present study. The data were collected through composition test based on free writing. Results revealed that the female students committed less errors of L2 writing as compared to male students. Thus, females can be said to be better language learners than males. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sex Differences (77850); Second Language Writing (76180); Tense (88500); Second Language Learning (75850); College Students (13250); Pakistan (62200); Error Analysis (Language) (22400) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing; 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: Gender Differences and L2 Writing Correspondence author: Saeed, Abdul   Author e-mail address: saeedabdul2212@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 1-10 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112839 ProQuest document ID: 908018673 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018673?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Imparting Second Language Communication Skills to Technical Students at the Tertiary Level Author: Nageswari, R1; Sundarsingh, J1 Karunya University, Tamilnadu, India rnageswari.r@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 182-189. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018778?accountid=50982 Abstract: Having found that Engineering students struggle in striking a balance between knowledge (tacit) and use (Hymes, 1971) as far as conveying technical information in second language (L2) is concerned, this paper will suggest situational speaking tasks to develop specific language and strategic competence in classroom environment. There is a gap between knowing and executing in language for expression. Language ability is judged based on sound language knowledge and strategic competence of the learner. Despite having enough knowledge, most of the learners fail to communicate effectively in second language. The paper reports a study in which 34 Engineering students, in two groups, were made to undergo language activities based on concrete needs analysis. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups with students in the experimental group outperforming those in the control group on both specific speaking and writing tasks. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); Second Language Learning (75850); Scientific Technical Language (75350); Communicative Competence (13650); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Expressive Function of Language (23500); Knowledge (40930) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Imparting Second Language Communication Skills to Technical Students at the Tertiary Level Correspondence author: Nageswari, R   Author e-mail address: rnageswari.r@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 182-189 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112903 ProQuest document ID: 908018778 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018778?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Form-focused Activity to Enhance Acquisition of Tenses Author: Alamelu, C1; Menon, S Usha1 Easwari Engineering College, Tamilnadu India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 54-61. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018787?accountid=50982 Abstract: The authors discuss how grammar instruction should encompass form and use and note the importance of tense in grammar education. Despite the fact that tense is a critical component of grammar, its mastery is difficult in an English as a Second or Foreign Language situation. This problem is prevalent in India. This research study aims to "ascertain the outcome of rules based teaching, giving additional inputs in the form of exercises and the effect of introducing tenses in a discourse." Adapted from the source document Subject: Form (Language Structure) (25200); Tense (88500); Grammar Instruction (28550); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Form-focused Activity to Enhance Acquisition of Tenses Correspondence author: Alamelu, C   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 54-61 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112911 ProQuest document ID: 908018787 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018787?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teacher Classroom Performance A Case Study of English Department, UST Bannu, Pakistan Author: Ghazi, Safdar Rehman1; Shahzada, Gulap; Mehmood, Azhar1 University of Science & Technology, Bannu, Pakistan drsrghazi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 130-141. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018803?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this study, the classroom performance of the teachers working in the department of English at University of Science & Technology, Bannu, Pakistan was assessed by their students using HEC Teacher Evaluation Performa 2009. In almost all the areas of classroom performance, the teachers' performance was found good but the three weak aspects of their performance were: inadequate time to complete the whole course, teachers were not very approachable and the weak knowledge or thinking regarding the use of different teaching methods. It is recommended that the teachers may complete their course, outlines may be reviewed according to the time span of the semester; they should participate in different seminars and conferences as a resource person, and should attend different workshops regarding teachers training; to make themselves more approachable in their subjects and in improving their teaching methodologies, especially in modular teaching approach. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language (22100); Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pakistan (62200); Higher Education (31750); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teacher Classroom Performance A Case Study of English Department, UST Bannu, Pakistan Correspondence author: Ghazi, Safdar Rehman   Author e-mail address: drsrghazi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 130-141 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112927 ProQuest document ID: 908018803 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018803?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Drama in Indian Classrooms-Some Observations, Implications and Suggestions Author: Ghodke, Digambar M11 New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Maharashtra, India dmghodke@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 84-91. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018804?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching language through literature has been a widely recognized practice in language classrooms, especially in ELT classrooms, for long. However, the goals of teaching literature have undergone changes from time to time. The present paper attempts to take a brief survey of the goals and objectives of teaching literature to students. It tries to understand the relevance of teaching English literature, especially English Drama, to Indian students. The paper further takes a brief review of the present condition of drama teaching in the classroom. It attempts to briefly explore the challenges involved in teaching drama in Indian classrooms and finally comes up with suggestions to the teachers dealing with English Drama in Indian classrooms. Adapted from the source document Subject: Drama (19750); India (35100); Literature (49250); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Drama in Indian Classrooms-Some Observations, Implications and Suggestions Correspondence author: Ghodke, Digambar M   Author e-mail address: dmghodke@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 84-91 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112928 ProQuest document ID: 908018804 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018804?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Humour in the English Language Classroom Author: Kumaran, S11 University College of Engineering Tindivanam, Tamilnadu, India kumaran_johnson2000@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 148-156. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018812?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines how humour in the English classroom can improve learning and teaching English. Instead of analysing theories on humour, this paper tries to bring out the necessity of humour in the classroom through "humorous" exercises. Humour is not something that induces laughter, rather it acts as a wonderful means to enhance the learning skills of the students. "Humor is the characteristic that makes something laughable or amusing but humor in the English classroom has more than just the 'effect to induce laughter;' it brings together a chain-reaction by increasing the learner's motivation and self-confidence which creates a positive classroom atmosphere for the smooth acquisition of the language" (Chee 2006). Humour helps students to develop their analytical thinking skills and to achieve command over the language in question. Adapted from the source document Subject: Humor (32950); Students (84750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Motivation (55580); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Laughter (45660); Cognitive Processes (12950); Learning Environment (45880); Classroom Communication (12250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Role of Humour in the English Language Classroom Correspondence author: Kumaran, S   Author e-mail address: kumaran_johnson2000@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 148-156 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112936 ProQuest document ID: 908018812 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018812?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of the Quality of Education in Annual and Semester System in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Author: Rahman, Ghani1; Riaz-ud-Din1 University of AJK, Muzafarabad, Pakistan ghani_saba@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 203-217. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018818?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study is a comparative analysis of MA English results under annual and semester systems. This study aims at looking into the quality assurance in both the systems. The focus of the study is to find out the system that produces the best results in terms of quality assurance expected from the students of MA English. The results of the present study are consistent with the study of Tayaaba, et al., (2010) that there is a significant difference in quality of learners' results between the two systems. It proves that semester system is comparatively better than the annual system with a few technical drawbacks of its own. The study concludes that the semester system is more appropriate for higher education like MA English as it makes the students fit to meet the requirements of the market in practical life. The study is limited to MA English results, but it could be generalized to other subjects as well. The study suggests further research into this area in terms of all other relevant technicalities. The study contributes to the knowledge of students about the two systems. It may also contribute in facilitating the universities in their decision making regarding the academic system which they intend to adopt in their concerned universities. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English (21900); Higher Education (31750); Pakistan (62200); Educational Standards (20950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study of the Quality of Education in Annual and Semester System in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Correspondence author: Rahman, Ghani   Author e-mail address: ghani_saba@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 203-217 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112942 ProQuest document ID: 908018818 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018818?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Pronunciation Problems among Saudi Learners: A Case Study at the Preparatory Year Program, Najran University Saudi Arabia Author: Ahmad, Jalal11 Najran University, Saudi Arabia jalalelt@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 22-36. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018839?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study attempts to investigate the difficulties Saudi students encounter when pronouncing certain English consonant sounds. All participants in the study are adults who graduated from secondary schools and joined the Preparatory Year Program at Najran University. The participants have never been to any of the English speaking countries, so they do not have any kind of exposure to a native English environment. The results show that the Arabic speakers in this study had difficulties in pronouncing several English consonant sounds. This study also provides an insight and assists ESL/EFL teachers with some helpful suggestions and teaching strategies that will reduce future problems regarding English consonant pronunciation among Arab learners. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Pronunciation (68500); Consonants (14900); Saudi Arabia (75100); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Arabic (03750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning; 4030: psycholinguistics; speech production Title: Pronunciation Problems among Saudi Learners: A Case Study at the Preparatory Year Program, Najran University Saudi Arabia Correspondence author: Ahmad, Jalal   Author e-mail address: jalalelt@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 22-36 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930- 2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112963 ProQuest document ID: 908018839 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018839?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning English: Phonological Problems for Assamese Medium Learners Author: Baishya, Anima11 Assam University, Assam India momibsh543@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 37-53. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018841?accountid=50982 Abstract: Assamese is the medium of instruction in the Assamese medium schools of Assam. The learners' first language is basically Assamese. They learn the English language from their primary level stage of their formal education. However, a very little exposure of English in almost all the skills of the language has been clearly noticed at this level. Hence, a good number of errors have been sustained by Assamese medium learners as a result of interference from their mother tongue while speaking English. Both English and Assamese belong to the common Indo-European language family. This makes us feel that some features are bound to be common to both the languages. Yet, because of the fact that there is a gap of thousands of years after the separation of Sanskrit (from which Assamese descended) and primitive Germanic (from which English descended), some features of differences are also bound to happen. Though both the languages belong to the same Indo-European family, they developed differently at two distant places over the centuries. The phonological aspects of both English and Assamese are different from each other. This paper is limited to the phonological problems faced by Assamese medium learners of English while learning to speak English. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Phonology (65250); English (21900); Indo European Languages (35400); India (35100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning; 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Learning English: Phonological Problems for Assamese Medium Learners Correspondence author: Baishya, Anima   Author e-mail address: momibsh543@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 37-53 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112965 ProQuest document ID: 908018841 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018841?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological Problems Faced By ESL Learners of Burushaski Author: Gilgiti, Sabir1; Khan, Abdul Qadir; Bukhari, Nadeem Haider1 University of AJ & K, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan sabir_gilgiti@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 7,  (July 2011): 319-342. https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018849?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study aims to look into the problems faced by Burushaski speakers while learning English. The study particularly focuses on the English consonants that are not found in Burushaski language and also on the role of native language in learning these consonants. The study proves that five English consonant phonemes; the post-alveolar voiced fricative /(yogh)/, the dental voiceless fricative /(theta)/, the dental voiced fricative /(eth)/, the labio-dental voiceless fricative /f/, the labiodentals voiced fricative /v/ are problematic for Burushaski speakers, and are replaced with possible resembled Burushaski sounds /d(yogh)/,/[voiceless dental plosive]/, /[voiced dental plosive]/, /Ph/ and /w/ respectively. The study concludes that English language learners with Burushaski background should be properly trained to acquire correct English pronunciation. The study is limited to the investigation of English consonant sounds for Burushaski speakers of Nagar. Adapted from the source document Subject: Burushaski (09970); Consonants (14900); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Pronunciation (68500); Phonetics (64850); Phonemes (64600); Fricatives (26200) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning; 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Phonological Problems Faced By ESL Learners of Burushaski Correspondence author: Gilgiti, Sabir   Author e-mail address: sabir_gilgiti@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 7 Pages: 319-342 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2011-12-01 Accession number: 201112973 ProQuest document ID: 908018849 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/908018849?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evolving Strategies for Teaching Basic Vocabulary in L2 through Meaningful Input: An Ethnographic Study with First Generation Learners Author: Guduru, Rajakumar11 The English and Foreign Languages University Hyderabad-500 605 Andhra Pradesh, India raja.ciefl@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 510-720. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897602?accountid=50982 Abstract: The thesis entitled, "EVOLVING STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING BASIC VOCABULARY IN L2 THROUGH MEANINGFUL INPUT: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY WITH FIRST GENERATION LEARNERS" is an attempt to teach basic vocabulary to the first generation learners. It proposes to evolve vocabulary teaching strategies that are suitable to the level of the learners and to the context in which they are placed. Meaningful input which is culturally familiar and which is readily available in the learners' immediate context is used in the process of teaching. The present research argues that vocabulary and language skills (LSRW) share a mutually constitutive relationship. In other words, words should not be taught in isolation and out of context; rather, teaching of vocabulary should be built into the teaching of the language skills and in turn focus on skill development while teaching vocabulary would help gain proficiency in a language. As Nation (1993b) rightly puts, vocabulary knowledge enriches language use and language use enhances vocabulary knowledge. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Vocabulary Instruction (94850) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Evolving Strategies for Teaching Basic Vocabulary in L2 through Meaningful Input: An Ethnographic Study with First Generation Learners Correspondence author: Guduru, Rajakumar   Author e-mail address: raja.ciefl@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 510-720 Number of pages: 211 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213243 ProQuest document ID: 1081897602 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897602?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Teaching and Learning in the Age of ICT Author: Shafeeq, C P11 Department of English P.O. Box 1988 Najran University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia cp.shafeeq@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 330-344. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897731?accountid=50982 Abstract: Due to developments in technology, the rationale for the use of ICT in education is widely accepted. It necessitated the teachers and the learners of the present day to possess the necessary skills in ICT. There is a demand for technologically equipped teachers to meet the requirements of future generation teaching. In the field of language teaching and learning, Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is now used with a wide range of educational implications. It can easily generate learner-centered, self-pacing activity. As in other programmed learning packages, CALL can change the proportion of learning from teacher-led to learner-controlled activity. Though CALL started as an application of behavourist approach, use of present day multi-media technologies can be rightly justified from the point of view of the accepted assumptions in education. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Teaching Methods (44100); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Language Teaching and Learning in the Age of ICT Correspondence author: Shafeeq, C P   Author e-mail address: cp.shafeeq@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 330-344 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213252 ProQuest document ID: 1081897731 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897731?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Are Tonal and Non-Tonal Languages Lateralized Differently in Bilingual Tonal Language Speakers? Author: Goswami, Sudeshna1; Raju, Suma1 JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing Mysore-570025 Karnataka India goswamineha9348@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 12-21. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897885?accountid=50982 Abstract: All languages use intonation to express emphasis, emotions but not every language uses tone to distinguish meaning. When this occurs, tones are equally important, as phonemes and they are referred to as "tonemes". Languages that make use of tonemes are called as "tonal languages". Research indicates varied results for the laterality effect using tonal stimuli compared to consistent right ear advantage (REA) for the non-tonal verbal stimuli. These findings cannot be generalized to tonal languages which are spoken in India which varies in many aspects compared to other tonal languages studied, hence an attempt has been done to study the laterality effects for Indian tonal language (Manipuri). Aim: To investigate the lateralization of tonal and non-tonal languages in bilingual tonal language speakers using dichotic listening task. Method: Test materials: 72 English and 96 Manipuri words served as stimuli. Dichotic stimulus was prepared using adobe audition software version-3. A total of 4 Manipuri dichotic tracks (first track was for practice) and 3 English tracks were prepared where each track had 12 pairs of monosyllabic words. Procedure: 30 female subjects with mean age of 25 years participated in the study with normal speech-language and hearing ability with right handedness. Two tasks were carried out dichotic listening and free recall task of auditory capacity. The number of correct responses was scored and percentage was calculated. Results: The scores obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 10 software. A multiple paired sample 't' test was used to compare mean scores of both the ears for English and Manipuri languages. Results of the 't' test in dichotic task showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of right and left ears for English with p value0.02 (p<0.05), but for the Manipuri language this difference was not appreciated with a significance value 0.495 (p<0.05).The results for the free recall task clearly indicated high scores for stimuli presented through right ear (p=0.000) for English and in Manipuri there was no significant difference obtained for scores between both ears (p=0.604). Conclusion: Results of the present study clearly indicated REA for English and no specific ear advantage for Manipuri in both dichotic and free recall tasks. Findings support that language processing in left hemisphere especially for non-tonal languages. Equal scores for both ears for tonal language(Manipuri) can be attributed to participation of both hemispheres in processing tonal stimuli, which can be contributed to the participation of right hemisphere for processing the tonal aspects (contrast variations in pitch, durations and stress) of the language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Lateralization (Neurolinguistics) (45385); Tone (90300); Bilingualism (08850); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); English (21900); Ear Preference (20350); Cerebral Dominance (11500) Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Are Tonal and Non-Tonal Languages Lateralized Differently in Bilingual Tonal Language Speakers? Correspondence author: Goswami, Sudeshna   Author e-mail address: goswamineha9348@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 12-21 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213207 ProQuest document ID: 1081897885 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897885?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Contrastive Study of English and Standard Urdu-Hindi Languages Author: Rahman, Motiur11 Department of Linguistics Faculty of Arts Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India rahman.res@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 239-349. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897896?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper attempts to present a contrastive analysis of English and Urdu-Hindi Languages. Contrastive analysis plays a very significant role in second language learning and teaching. Language learning involves the "transfer of habits" of the native language. It is necessary for the programme planners, material producers and language instructors to study and understand the similarities and differences between source and target languages. This study makes a contrastive analysis of English and Urdu-Hindi languages at various levels of phonological, morphological and syntactic such as sound pattern, allophonic variation, consonant clusters, syllabic structure, plural formation of word and morphological processes and also syntactic structures of sentences. Adapted from the source document Subject: Contrastive Analysis (15570); English (21900); Hindi (31950); Phonological Analysis (64950); Morphological Analysis (55380); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Sentence Structure (77400); Syllable Structure (86490); Comparative Linguistics (13850) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Contrastive Study of English and Standard Urdu-Hindi Languages Correspondence author: Rahman, Motiur   Author e-mail address: rahman.res@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 239-349 Number of pages: 111 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213665 ProQuest document ID: 1081897896 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897896?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Construction "I Love You" Comparative Accounts in Tamil and English Author: Thennarasu, S11 LDC-IL Central Institute of Indian Languages Manasagangothri Hunsur Road Mysore 570006 Karnataka India ldc-thennarasu@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 322-329. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897907?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper tries to visualize the cultural dynamics with reference to the construction "I Love You" in Tamil and English. It also tries to address the structural influence of linguistic domains, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics in both languages. For this study, we make use of the available corpora -- Enabling Minority Language Engineering (EMILLE) and Corpus of Contemporary American English (CCAE) for Tamil and English respectively. This paper addresses the issue how the constructions "katali-kkir-en" (love-present tense-1p.sg. png marker) in Tamil and "love" in English are typically unique from one another. To concretize, the verb "katali-kkir-en" cannot be used for anything other than the sense of "I Love you" in between the beloved ones in Tamil, whereas the verb "love" in English can be fit into different contexts to perceive different senses like "I love my mother" (parental), "I love my job" (appreciation) and "I love you" (loved one). Finally, the comparison of how this construction (or particularly the verb "love") functions in other Indian languages and how a Machine Translation (MT) would translate this construction considering all the tense features from English to Indian Languages are highlighted. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tamil (87650); Verbs (93900); English (21900); Syntactic Structures (86770); Collocations (13280); Machine Translation (50250); Comparative Linguistics (13850) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: The Construction "I Love You" Comparative Accounts in Tamil and English Correspondence author: Thennarasu, S   Author e-mail address: ldc-thennarasu@ciil.stpmy.soft.net Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 322-329 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213667 ProQuest document ID: 1081897907 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897907?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Overview to Informal Language Learning Author: Bahrani, Taher11 Department of English, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 372-378. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897925?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper tries to provide a broad overview of informal language learning and its application based on some approaches to second language learning. Accordingly, it considers informal language learning in relation to some psychologically oriented approaches such as behaviorism and innate-ism. Moreover, it discusses the interactionist approach to second language learning in relation to informal language learning as a socially oriented approach to second language teaching. Accordingly, informal language learning cannot be based on behaviorism because it requires language learners to do some repetition and drills even in informal setting similar to some of the formal language classrooms which does not support theories underlying informal language learning. On the contrary, intractionist approach can support informal language learning because the focus is rather on the meaning of the language than on the form. Adapted from the source document Subject: Meaning (52200); Form (Language Structure) (25200); Second Language Learning (75850); Language Teaching Methods (44100) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: An Overview to Informal Language Learning Correspondence author: Bahrani, Taher   Author e-mail address: taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 372-378 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213261 ProQuest document ID: 1081897925 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897925?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Speed of Processing in Adults Comparison across Grammatical Category Author: Devadiga, Deepa N1; Kumar, Radish; Bhat, Jayashree S; Sengolraj, Livingston1 Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore-575001 Karnataka, India deepa.n@manipal.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 1-11. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897926?accountid=50982 Abstract: Lexical items are alienated into different word classes, such as nouns and verbs, since they play different semantic and syntactic roles in language and are responded to differentially by language users in behavioural tasks. Aging has been shown to be a major factor in cognitive processing, including language. The authors reason that "if language difficulties are the result of slow processing speed, then individual differences in reaction time (RT) measures across the grammatical category should be predictive of variation within language ability." The present the results of a study to assess the word retrieval for nouns and verbs in young adults and geriatric population. Adapted from the source document Subject: Grammatical Categories (28750); Nouns (59650); Verbs (93900); Language Processing (43550); Age Effects (01152); Aging (01188); Young Adults (99730); Elderly (21350) Classification: 4012: psycholinguistics; language and cognition/cognitive linguistics Title: Speed of Processing in Adults Comparison across Grammatical Category Correspondence author: Devadiga, Deepa N   Author e-mail address: deepa.n@manipal.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 1-11 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213079 ProQuest document ID: 1081897926 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897926?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Influence of Dravidian Languages on the Bengali Dialect of Barak Valley Author: Das, Rama Kanta11 Department of Bengali Assam University Silchar-788011 Assam India ramakantadas85@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 273-277. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897949?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper explores the Dravidian influences on the language/s of the region of the Barak valley, which is situated in the southern part of the state of Assam in India. As language can never be separated from society and culture, the influence of Dravidian languages in the Bengali dialect of the Barak valley indicates that the Bengali culture prevailing in this region is also deeply influenced by the Dravidian. While there is no historical evidence regarding Dravidian migration to the region, the linguistic influence proves that without any political and geographical boundary or identity, Dravidian culture has a deeply rooted influence over the Bengali culture and dialect of Barak valley region. This paper highlights the Dravidian influence over place names, terminology relating to flora and fauna, and other words. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bengali (08200); Dravidian Languages (19800); Dialects (18750); India (35100); Toponymy (90550); Terminology (88550); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Language Contact (42100); Etymology (23250) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing; 5215: lexicography/lexicology; etymology Title: Influence of Dravidian Languages on the Bengali Dialect of Barak Valley Correspondence author: Das, Rama Kanta   Author e-mail address: ramakantadas85@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 273-277 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213688 ProQuest document ID: 1081897949 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897949?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of English and the Negligible and Marginal Role of Indian Languages-A Case Study of Urdu in India Author: Fatima, Somana11 English Community College, Shaqra University Al-Quwaiyah Ar-Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Somanafatima17883@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 295-321. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898140?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is based on the role of English and the negligible and marginal roles of Indian languages in India. Researcher has collected the data and did the analysis of English and its impact on Indian languages. Researcher has taken Urdu language to compare with the English language in different contexts and situations. The study is done in Lucknow, Delhi and Aligarh cities using a hundred respondents who are Urdu speakers. The study is carried out by using questionnaire and interviews. After the data collection in the field, researcher has analyzed the data in the form of tables and charts. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Status (43920); English as an International Language (22200); Sociolinguistics (80200); Surveys (86000); Hindi (31950); Indian English (35150); India (35100) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Role of English and the Negligible and Marginal Role of Indian Languages-A Case Study of Urdu in India Correspondence author: Fatima, Somana   Author e-mail address: Somanafatima17883@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 295-321 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213834 ProQuest document ID: 1081898140 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898140?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning English at the B.Sc. Engineering Level in Some Universities of Bangladesh Author: Jamila, Forhad11 Engineering Level in Some Universities of Bangladesh 176 Chittagong-4349 Bangladesh forhadjamila@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 169-177. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898966?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article explores the condition of learning English to the engineering students in some of the universities of Bangladesh. An evaluation of course curricula of English is carried on the basis of the English syllabuses for engineering disciplines of those universities. Discussion on importance of learning English for an engineer, failure of learning English by the engineering students has been included in this paper. A brief review of research efforts aimed at evaluating this construct is made, followed by a consideration of how the language may be more effectively learned. This paper describes the various aspects of learning English and focuses on the effective ways of learning and teaching English at this level. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English for Special Purposes (22300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Learning English at the B.Sc. Engineering Level in Some Universities of Bangladesh Correspondence author: Jamila, Forhad   Author e-mail address: forhadjamila@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 169-177 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213376 ProQuest document ID: 1081898966 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898966?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evaluation of the English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbooks Taught at the Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul Author: Khushi, Qamar1; Talaat, Mubina1 Department of English Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi Pakistan khushiqamar@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 75-88. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899013?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is an attempt to evaluate the ELT textbooks prescribed for study at the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA), Kakul. The aim of this paper is to determine the overall pedagogical value of the ELT textbooks towards this specific language programme. The merits and demerits of the textbooks are discussed in detail with reference to 7 common features developed from different evaluation checklists. The findings reveal that the syllabus is traditional in approach. The choice of any language teaching material must be made with the proper context in which the materials will be used. If the learners can see a close connection between the content of the material and their academic/professional/general needs, then there will be a strong motivating force for the language learners and better results will be achieved. Thus, it is suggested that instead of heavily literature based content, subject specific/general material should be included in the course. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Language Textbooks (44300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Evaluation of the English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbooks Taught at the Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul Correspondence author: Khushi, Qamar   Author e-mail address: khushiqamar@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 75-88 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213381 ProQuest document ID: 1081899013 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899013?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Tense and Aspect: A Pedagogical Linguistic Study Author: Shiny, K P11 Department of English JMJ College for Women Morrispet, P.O. Tenali-522202 Guntur District Andhra Pradesh India shinykochappilly@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 401-509. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899063?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this dissertation entitled "Tense and Aspect: A Pedagogical Linguistic Study" an attempt is made to find out the most insightful way of explaining and teaching the concepts of 'tense' and 'aspect' in English. The present research argues that the learners need to acquire a functional use of tenses and aspects which would aid them to communicate in English. As there are several views on tense and aspect, it is essential to find out which concept is more insightful and useful for the learners at under graduate level to learn tense and aspect with ease. The grammar aspect should not be taught in isolation, feeding the students with only rules without exposing them to the real situations. The teaching of grammatical categories should be functional and situational. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tense (88500); English (21900); Aspect (Grammatical) (05100); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Grammatical Categories (28750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Tense and Aspect: A Pedagogical Linguistic Study Correspondence author: Shiny, K P   Author e-mail address: shinykochappilly@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 401-509 Number of pages: 109 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213414 ProQuest document ID: 1081899063 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899063?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of Stylistics in Learning English as a Second Language Author: Umarsharif Shaikh, Naushad11 Department of English Faculty of Science and Arts Khulais King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, PBO-80230 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia drnaushadumar@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 259-272. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899173?accountid=50982 Abstract: Stylistics is an area of study that is growing and developing fast. Its central concern is the way cognitive and communicative effects are achieved by means of linguistic choices. It, therefore, covers literary studies and linguistics as well as discourse studies. One of the types of stylistics, Pedagogical Stylistics, has proved to be very fruitful for learners. The present paper focuses on the pragmatic functions of Stylistics, playing a vital role in learning, teaching and acquisition of English as second language. The paper also focuses on the history, functions and aim of Stylistics in L2 and its role in solving the problems faced in learning L2. The paper concludes by stating the role of Stylistics in learning English as a second language and how it is practically helpful in acquiring the same. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stylistics (84950); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Discourse Analysis (19200) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning; 4612: discourse analysis/text linguistics; stylistics Title: Role of Stylistics in Learning English as a Second Language Correspondence author: Umarsharif Shaikh, Naushad   Author e-mail address: drnaushadumar@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 259-272 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213440 ProQuest document ID: 1081899173 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899173?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Choice and Naming of Businesses as a Marketing Strategy: Focus on Malaysia and the Philippines Author: Dumanig, Francisco Perlas1; David, Maya Khemlani1 Lecturer University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia fdumanig@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 8,  (August 2011): 33-41. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899456?accountid=50982 Abstract: English has become a popular language for business specifically in countries like Malaysia and the Philippines. Such popularity shows that the economic value of English in Southeast Asia continues to rise as compared to the local languages. Consequently, the use of English as a marketing strategy and the naming of retail establishments has flourished and attracted both big and small businesses. This paper examines the names used and the reasons for using English as a marketing strategy and naming of businesses notwithstanding the fact that most customers do not have English as their first language. Thirty participants including the shop owners and consumers in Malaysia and the Philippines were interviewed. Prospective customers were asked if the use of English has affected the choice of the retail unit that they use. A qualitative approach was used in the data gathering and analysis. Adapted from the source document Subject: Malaysia (50800); Philippines (64250); English as an International Language (22200); Business (10100); Qualitative Analysis (69670); South Asian English (80810) Classification: 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media/advertising Title: Language Choice and Naming of Businesses as a Marketing Strategy: Focus on Malaysia and the Philippines Correspondence author: Dumanig, Francisco Perlas   Author e-mail address: fdumanig@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 33-41 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213795 ProQuest document ID: 1081899456 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899456?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Target Language: Proficiency & Intelligibility Author: Patnaik, Nagen Bhusan11 Lecturer in English Roland Institute of Technology Surya Vihar Berhampur- 761008 Ganjam District Orissa, India npatnaik1@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 198-205. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897253?accountid=50982 Abstract: Target language or Second language (L2) learning reflects the complexity of learning a language which is the other tongue rather than the mother tongue. This paper focuses on the prospects and benefits of the skill-based learning of Second language. Adult L2 learners have two means for internalizing a target language. The first is acquisition, a subconscious and intuitive process, similar to that used by a child to pick up L1. The second is conscious learning, in which a learner attends to form and is aware of his/her own learning process. The conscious learning processes and the subconscious acquisition processes are mutually exclusive. Thus, the scholar asserts that speech would emerge after the acquirer had been exposed to enough comprehensible input. In the present competitive world, where the use of English is widespread, we have to learn and teach L2 in order to cope up with the existing system as it is beneficial for a learner, based on his/her own needs. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Learning Processes (45950); Language Acquisition (41600); Language Proficiency (43570); Adults (00600) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: Target Language: Proficiency & Intelligibility Correspondence author: Patnaik, Nagen Bhusan   Author e-mail address: npatnaik1@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 198-205 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213276 ProQuest document ID: 1081897253 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897253?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Proficiency in Second Language Learners of Urdu Speaker, [sic] reference to Persian Phonology Author: Rizwan, Md11 Junior Resource Person NTS-India(C T & E) Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore (Karnataka)-570006 mdrizwan01@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 240-253. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897257?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper examines language proficiency in Urdu-speaking second language learners with a reference to Persian phonology. Language proficiency is the ability of an individual to speak or perform in an acquired language and is measured in terms of receptive and expressive language skills in the areas of phonology, syntax, vocabulary, semantics, and other areas. This study examines how developed languages (i.e., native language) are richer in comparison to the underdeveloped languages in terms of vocabulary, style, and registers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Language Proficiency (43570); Hindi (31950); Phonology (65250); Persian (63700) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: Language Proficiency in Second Language Learners of Urdu Speaker, [sic ] reference to Persian Phonology Correspondence author: Rizwan, Md   Author e-mail address: mdrizwan01@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 240-253 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journ als Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213277 ProQuest document ID: 1081897257 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897257?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Exploring Nature of Definitions and Classifications of Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) in the Current Studies of Second/Foreign Language Learning Author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein11 Research Scholar in Linguistics Department of Studies in Linguistics KIKS, University of Mysore Mysore-570006 India fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 131-147. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897956?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims to explore the nature of definitions and classifications of Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) in the current studies of second/foreign language learning in order to show the current problems regarding such definitions and classifications. The present study shows that there is not a universal agreeable definition and classification for LLSs; however, Oxford's definition and classification have received considerable attention in the related literature. Adapted from the source document Subject: Learning Strategies (46000); Language Acquisition (41600); Second Language Learning (75850) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: The Exploring Nature of Definitions and Classifications of Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) in the Current Studies of Second/Foreign Language Learning Correspondence author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein   Author e-mail address: fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 131-147 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213266 ProQuest document ID: 1081897956 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897956?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Computer Assisted Language Learning-Some Aspects Author: Bahrani, Taher11 Department of English Mahshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Mahshahr, Iran taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 271-278. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898027?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is no doubt that there have been impressive technological developments in the last few years affecting our lives one way or another. During this outstanding period in technological developments the computer and the Internet have been developed as the leading ones. The integration of different technologies such as computers has long been established in the field of language teaching and learning. Moreover, the pedagogical values and contributions of computers in language learning have been supported by many scholars. In the same line, the present paper tried to provide some more insights regarding the integration of computer assisted language learning for language teachers as well as the learners. Accordingly, computer assisted language learning and its history were considered first. Then, the use of computer-assessed language learning based on behaviorist, communicative, and integrative approaches to language learning was considered. Finally, a detailed illustration regarding the advantageous of using CALL was investigated. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Internet (37500); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Computer Assisted Language Learning-Some Aspects Correspondence author: Bahrani, Taher   Author e-mail address: taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 271-278 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213232 ProQuest document ID: 1081898027 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898027?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Emergence of the Urdu Discourses in Kashmir Author: Bhat, M Ashraf11 Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi-110 016 India ashraf.iitk@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 156-168. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898114?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper investigates the role of the various overt and covert dimensions, which have led to the emergence and acceptance of a non-native language (Urdu) in defining community identities among the members of Kashmiri speech community in the Kashmir region of India. The paper based on quantitative and qualitative techniques is part of a larger effort, which was aimed at studying the linguistic assertions of community identities in the multilingual context of the Kashmir region. Urdu was nobody's first language in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and yet it has come to represent the state on the linguistic map of India. It is the official language of the state, and acts as the lingua franca for the three culturally diverse regions of the state. Within the region of Kashmir, the language functions as the prestige norm. Urdu is the medium of instruction in the government schools, and is learnt as the first language under the three-language formula of the Indian Union. It occupies the central space in print and broadcast media; education, religious and political discourses, the legislature and the judiciary, and can even boast of an indigenous literary tradition. The Kashmiri speaking community in Kashmir reports Urdu as one of the languages in its repertoire, and language choices with respect to Urdu and Kashmiri reflect a sharp functional separation comparable to the English/regional language divide in many regions of the country. Attitudes to Urdu across the community reflect accommodation and acceptance. In the context of the separatist movement, Urdu has acquired another dimension: it is perceived as the symbol of the sub-continental pan-Islamic identity. This paper examines the various factors by providing an account for the probable dimensions responsible for creating persuasive space for the acceptance and the maintenance of (nonnative) Urdu -- not only as the language of masses but also as the state official language -- devoid of any resistance. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); India (35100); Official Languages (60500); Language Use (44610); Language Maintenance (42950); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Attitudes (41800) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Emergence of the Urdu Discourses in Kashmir Correspondence author: Bhat, M Ashraf   Author e-mail address: ashraf.iitk@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 156-168 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Sch olarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213828 ProQuest document ID: 1081898114 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898114?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Perspective on English as a Language of International Communication: a Study of University Learners Author: Guduru, Rajakumar11 EFL University Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 605 Andhra Pradesh, India raja.ciefl@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 69-95. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898159?accountid=50982 Abstract: English as a global language made its mark in every field and has immensely contributed to growth and development of human progression. Today, the use of English in international communication is not limited to business and politics alone, but extends to all other sectors of contemporary life such as science and technology, sports, entertainment, and so on. Thus, in the contemporary world, the status of English as an international language can hardly be questioned (Crystal, 1997). However, it is quite interesting to learn how certain European countries, especially Germany, could maintain the world standard economic progression with minimal use of English as a language of communication in business transactions as well as socio-cultural interactions. To understand the saying 'today's learners are tomorrow's nation builders' better, the university learners' (Technical University of Dresden, Germany) perspective on 'English as language of international communication' was studied. The study throws light on three aspects: one, the role of English as a foreign language in today's global world; two, German language and the influence of English on German language; and three, German university learners' beliefs on English as a language of international communication. And finally it offers the findings, and implication for learners. Adapted from the source document Subject: German (27700); English as an International Language (22200); International Languages (37350); Germany (27820); College Students (13250); Student Attitudes (84725); Language Attitudes (41800) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Perspective on English as a Language of International Communication: a Study of University Learners Correspondence author: Guduru, Rajakumar   Author e-mail address: raja.ciefl@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 69-95 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213838 ProQuest document ID: 1081898159 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898159?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Readability: A Major Issue in Language Learning: A Case Study Author: Mahmood, Muhammad Asim1; Mahmood, Rashid1 Assistant Professor Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan masimrai@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 254-263. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898256?accountid=50982 Abstract: Textbooks play a vital role in the successful working of any language programme. Textbooks must be carefully planned. Linguistic and psychological principles must be applied for attaining good results. The present research aimed to make a corpus based evaluation of the textbook of English for class 3, used in the state-run primary schools to find out the reasons of the learners' inability to comprehend the text and their failure in the acquisition of English language. The yardstick applied to evaluate the text is the reading age of the text, and the level of difficulty of the text -- lexical difficulty, determined by the length of sentence, number of new vocabulary items introduced in the book, and the number of syllables. The research proved that the book is well beyond the reading age and level of the students. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Language Textbooks (44300); Elementary Education (21500); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Readability (70350) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Readability: A Major Issue in Language Learning: A Case Study Correspondence author: Mahmood, Muhammad Asim   Author e-mail address: masimrai@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 254-263 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Sourcetype: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213388 ProQuest document ID: 1081898256 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898256?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Corpora: The Future of ELT in Pakistan Author: Mahmood, Rashid1; Mahmood, Asim1 Assistant Professor Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan ch.raashidmahmood@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 96-102. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898260?accountid=50982 Abstract: The advent of corpus linguistics has brought new dimensions in linguistic and language teaching theories. Traditional view of the internal structure of human language claimed that grammar provides empty skeletons of utterances, later filled with appropriate lexis in the course of discourse formation. The new schematic approach introduces the notion of lexicogrammar and combines the previously separate fields of grammar and vocabulary. It sees utterance production "as exploiting ready-made memorized building blocks or 'pre-fabs', put together using simpler 'jerrybuilding' operations" (Aston 1995). It implies that the process of learning can be seen as approximating the observed patterns to form the schemata. Corpus based research has an edge over intuition based research as it provides evidence from a large scale authentic data. In Pakistan, corpus based research can provide solutions to the problems like status of Pakistani English, confusing criteria for students' errors, subjective judgments on differences from standard English, and material development on sound basis etc. Very few researchers embarked on studying Pakistani English and none ventured studying it on the basis of corpus. In the absence of any research which may categorically establish standards of English in Pakistan, there are no parameters to differentiate errors from deviations. The corpus based research can open new vistas in ELT. It facilitates testing the hypotheses based on intuition. It can help establish Pakistani English a new variety. The results of such a research would revolutionize the practice of ELT. Language Policy would undergo a substantive change. This indigenized variety (just like British English, American English, Australian English, Indian English etc) will help syllabus designers, text book and grammar writers and lexicographers focus their attention on the areas where learners need more practice. Both spoken and written corpora are useful for researchers, teachers and students alike. Teachers can compile their own corpora based on the textbooks they are teaching. They can make frequency indexes of the vocabulary and can prepare concordances to disambiguate words' senses and to show the patterns of use. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); South Asian English (80810); Language Varieties (44650); Language Policy (43450); Corpus Linguistics (15670); English (21900) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Corpora: The Future of ELT in Pakistan Correspondence author: Mahmood, Rashid   Author e-mail address: ch.raashidmahmood@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 96-102 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213389 ProQuest document ID: 1081898260 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898260?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Language Resource Centre in ESL Classrooms Author: Mangayarkarasi, J1; Preethi, R1 Assistant Professor of English Post-Graduate and Research Department of English Ethiraj College for Women Chennai 600008 Tamilnadu India jmbwilson97@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 184-188. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898267?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights the language resource center as an innovative solution for imparting English language skills to learners. Language resource centers may be established in colleges and schools, equipping learners for their present and future academic pursuits and preparing them to function effectively in actual professional, social and everyday situations. Three fundamental issues pertaining to the viability of language resource centers are discussed: the many factors on which success depends, the updating of technology, and the use of new educational methods. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Arts (41700); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Role of Language Resource Centre in ESL Classrooms Correspondence author: Mangayarkarasi, J   Author e-mail address: jmbwilson97@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 184-188 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213391 ProQuest document ID: 1081898267 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898267?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Investigation of Speaking Strategies Used by University Learners to Cope with English Language Anxiety Author: Rustam, Rabiah11 Lecturer Department of Humanities COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad Pakistan rabeetanoli@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 227-239. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898367?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims to examine spoken English strategies used by a group of learners enrolled in first semester at the university level. During under graduate study at the university, these learners are asked to communicate using English language. This situation creates anxiety among the learners who speak Hindko, Pashto, Brushaski, Shina or Seraiki as their native languages. In order to overcome spoken English anxiety, the learners use number of strategies. This study will discuss the frequency of the speaking strategies used by ESL learners as well as learners' self awareness of different ways to overcome language anxiety. Adapted from the source document Subject: College Students (13250); Anxiety (03350); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Oral Language (61300); Nonnative Speakers (58230); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: An Investigation of Speaking Strategies Used by University Learners to Cope with English Language Anxiety Correspondence author: Rustam, Rabiah   Author e-mail address: rabeetanoli@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 227-239 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213437 ProQuest document ID: 1081898367 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898367?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Cueing Hierarchy as an Effective Treatment Approach in the Treatment of Anomic Aphasia Author: Karuppali, Sudhin1; Samaraweera, Buddhima; Premalatha, B S1 Lecturer Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology Kasturba Medical College Manipal University Mangalore-575 001 Karnataka, India sudhin.karuppali@manipal.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 335-345. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898586?accountid=50982 Abstract: The inability to retrieve words is a common feature of aphasia, whether it involves naming seen objects, or producing nouns, verbs and other words conveying meaning in spontaneous propositional speech. There are, however, many reports of therapeutic approaches which have successfully been employed in reducing the word retrieval difficulties of aphasic patients and reports of strategies spontaneously employed by aphasia patients in their efforts to retrieve a desired word. The authors argue that it is essential to arrive at a consensus about the appropriate approaches to word retrieval therapy with a case-study design. This paper highlights a prospective control study done on a 31-year-old right-handed male subject who presented with a complaint of not speaking clearly in the eight months post-stroke. Adapted from the source document Subject: Aphasia (03400); Language Therapy (44400); Lexical Access (46630); Stroke (84610); Case Studies (10820) Classification: 6414: language-pathological and normal; aphasia; 6812: special education; language and speech therapy Title: Cueing Hierarchy as an Effective Treatment Approach in the Treatment of Anomic Aphasia Correspondence author: Karuppali, Sudhin   Author e-mail address: sudhin.karuppali@manipal.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 335-345 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201214025 ProQuest document ID: 1081898586 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898586?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Some Linguistic Aspects of Proofreading in Indian Languages Author: Thirumalai, M S11 Adjunct Teacher St. John's Matriculation School Malayan Street Tenkasi 627 811 Tamilnadu, India msthirumalai2@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 331-334. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898849?accountid=50982 Abstract: Thirumalai examines several issues of error correction of interest to proofreaders, highlighting special problems relating to Indian/South Asian languages. The following concerns are discussed: morphophonemic sandhi, spelling, the choice of sentence types, subject-verb agreement, singular-plural distinction, the importance of using short sentences and short paragraphs, punctuation, and translation from English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Editing (20850); Morphophonemics (55550); Sandhi (74700); Spelling (83240); Agreement (Grammatical) (01230); Number (Grammatical) (59850); Translation (91200); Southeast Asian Languages (81270) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Some Linguistic Aspects of Proofreading in Indian Languages Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: msthirumalai2@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 331-334 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213320 ProQuest document ID: 1081898849 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898849?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effects of Direct Teaching Method in the Academic Achievement of Students in English at the Elementary Level Author: Hussain, Ishtiaq1; Farooq, Rehmat Ali; Majoka, Iqbal1 Director, IER, Kohat University Pakistan dr.ishtiaqhussain@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 112-117. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898933?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main objective of the study was to know the effects of direct teaching method in the academic achievement of students in English at the elementary level. Intelligence test was administered to determine the level of each student and to equalize the students of two groups. An experimental group was taught by direct method while the control group was taught by a traditional method for a period of four weeks. At the end of teaching, a post-test was administered and scores of pre-test, post-test and intelligence test served as data of the study. Applying t-test and analysis of variance indicated the significance of difference between the scores of groups at 0.05 levels. Experiment was the basic step. The Pre-test Posttest Equivalent -- Group Design was used for the analysis of the data. The students of Federal Government schools of Islamabad were the population of the study. The students of Elementary School Badhana Kalan, (FA) Islamabad were taken as a sample for the study. Obtained data was analyzed, interpreted and concluded that direct teaching method was more effective as a teaching-learning technique for English. Students in the direct teaching method outscored the students working in traditional learning situation. Low achievers in direct teaching presented noteworthy superiority over low achievers learning English by the traditional method. In the light of the results it was recommended that direct method should be used in all levels to teach English for better performance of the students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Elementary School Students (21520); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Elementary Education (21500); Academic Achievement (00070) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effects of Direct Teaching Method in the Academic Achievement of Students in English at the Elementary Level Correspondence author: Hussain, Ishtiaq   Author e-mail address: dr.ishtiaqhussain@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 112-117 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholar ly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213373 ProQuest document ID: 1081898933 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898933?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Enhancing Communication Using Commutainment among Higher Order Learners With Reference to a Skill 'Role-Play'-An Empirical Study Author: Kirubahar, J Samuel1; Santhi, V Jeya; Subashini, A1 Associate Professor, Research Centre in English VHNSN College Virudhunagar Pin code Tamilnadu, India samuelkirubhakar@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 34-56. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899021?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language skills are fundamental in the acquisition of communicative competence. Communication Skills in the English language are essential for every learner in the global family as English is reckoned to be the internationally accepted language. Communication Skills are the abilities in the areas of language understanding. Communicating expressively with practical language skills is the transfer of knowledge with teachers, peers, and other related people, which is crucial for written and spoken English and particularly in applying the theoretical knowledge in day-to-day communication. Conventional methods of teaching and learning to communicate in English are not helping the learners develop communication skills at expected levels. The better way to expose the higher order learners to English language is only through the usage of various appropriate activities. The higher order learners can excel in group discussions or other information exchange activities like HR and technical rounds, only if they are able to communicate fluently and amuse others and entertain them in their communication by proper accent, body language, skills, and mastery over soft skills. This paper purports to enhance Commutainment (Communication + Entertainment) among higher order learners to enhance their skills in language and get mastery over the language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Function of Language (13700); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Enhancing Communication Using Commutainment among Higher Order Learners With Reference to a Skill 'Role-Play'-An Empirical Study Correspondence author: Kirubahar, J Samuel   Author e-mail address: samuelkirubhakar@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 34-56 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213382 ProQuest document ID: 1081899021 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899021?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of Virtual Technology in Teaching English Author: Rajesh, V1; Parveen, J Jaya1 Assistant Professor Department of English VV College of Engineering Tisaiyanvilai 628 656 Tuticorin District Tamilnadu, India rajeshv.ph.d@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 118-130. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899228?accountid=50982 Abstract: Virtual classrooms facilitate the delivery of knowledge and skill development through Internet in a cost-effective and efficient manner. With a descriptive research design, an evaluative study was conducted in SKP Institute of Technology, Tiruvannamalai, where both the authors worked before they moved to the present college. 200 students and 20 teachers were involved in the study. Prior training on how to use virtual classrooms was given to the students and teachers. During the study, different ESL tasks were used to develop the reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills of the students. At the end of the course, teachers and students filled in a few questionnaires. The quantitative findings showed the students and teachers' understanding of virtual classroom tools and features. They also revealed the students' understanding of use and relevance of ESL tasks in virtual classroom. In addition, they showed the teachers' views on the role of virtual technology in ESL classroom management. This was done as a part of formative evaluation to improve the ongoing process of using virtual technology in ESL classrooms or language labs. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Mediated Communication (14353); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Educational Activities (20910); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Role of Virtual Technology in Teaching English Correspondence author: Rajesh, V   Author e-mail address: rajeshv.ph.d@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 118-130 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213403 ProQuest document ID: 1081899228 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899228?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Hybrid POS Tagger for Indian Languages Author: Yoonus, M Mohamed1; Sinha, Samar1 Lecturer cum Resource Person LDC-IL Project, Central Institute of Indian Languages Mysore 570006 Karnataka, India yoonussoft@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 9,  (September 2011): 317-330. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899397?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper describes the work on building Part-of-Speech (POS) tagger for 12 Indian Languages using hybrid approach, and presents the performance of the tagger for each Indian language. Unlike the most of the previous POS taggers for Indian languages which are designed to annotate few languages, the present tagger called 'POS Tagger' is an attempt to facilitate annotation of several Indian languages following a computational approach. The POS Tagger is trained on 80K to 85K tagged corpora for each language from the LDC-IL corpus. Finally, this paper highlights the performance of the tagger and the need of language specific resources required for obtaining optimal result. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Computer Generated Language Analysis (14300); Computerized Corpora (14380) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: A Hybrid POS Tagger for Indian Languages Correspondence author: Yoonus, M Mohamed   Author e-mail address: yoonussoft@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 9 Pages: 317-330 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213683 ProQuest document ID: 1081899397 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899397?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Analysis of the Sound Segments of Lai Author: Lalremzami, C11 Department of Linguistics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong -793022 Meghalya India czamtei@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 419-426. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897317?accountid=50982 Abstract: Lai language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family of languages (Grierson, 1904), who carried out an extensive and comprehensive linguistic survey in India and Burma, classified the Tibeto-Burman Families into four groups, namely, Northern China, Central Chins, Old Kukis and Southern Chins. Lai literally means 'middle' or 'centre' and falls under the Central Chins group. Lai language is spoken in Lawngtlai District of Mizoram, India, Chin State of Burma (Melnik, Fall 1997, Vol.20.2) and in some parts of Bangladesh. The main goal of this paper is to describe the sound system of Lai and the data is based on the Lai language spoken in Mizoram. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Descriptive Linguistics (18350); Phonological Analysis (64950); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics; 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Analysis of the Sound Segments of Lai Correspondence author: Lalremzami, C   Author e-mail address: czamtei@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 419-426 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213631 ProQuest document ID: 1081897317 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897317?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Investigation into Students' Perceived Views about Effectiveness of Oral Presentation at University Level Author: Malik, Sufiana K1; Gulnaz, Rani1 Department of Education National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan education_peace@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 343-356. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897706?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper explores Master Level students' views about effectiveness of oral presentation practice. Students were provided free environment for exploring their views about oral presentation practice. Findings exposed that students did realize the importance of the practice, as oral presentation was helpful for students in developing self-confidence, sense of responsibility, leadership skills, interpersonal skills, communication skill, team work, problem solving ability and in students. Findings depicted problems of students relating to oral presentation like their teachers ignore students' interest in assigning topics, non-sympathetic behavior of teachers, lack of teachers' guidance, inequality in time allocation for each presentation, unsatisfactory evaluation of oral presentation and second language barriers in oral presentation. Suggested measures for improvement the situation may be provision of internet and computer facilities at departmental level, provision of short second language courses for students, special instructions can be issues to teachers about facilitating students regarding assigning topics, allocating time and guiding students about related resources for oral presentation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Student Attitudes (84725); Communicative Competence (13650); College Students (13250); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: An Investigation into Students' Perceived Views about Effectiveness of Oral Presentation at University Level Correspondence author: Malik, Sufiana K   Author e-mail address: education_peace@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 343-356 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213249 ProQuest document ID: 1081897706 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897706?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Writing-Shifting the Focus from Semantics to Thematic Studies Author: Vasanthi, V11 Department of English Loyola College Chennai 600 034 Tamilnadu India drvasanthiravi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 481-486. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897757?accountid=50982 Abstract: Vasanthi aims to identify some common and traditional practices followed widely by language teachers in the instruction of writing, acknowledging their merits, listing their demerits, and proposing a new approach to this problem. Some common methods of writing instruction -- paragraph writing, precis writing, and letter writing -- are examined. Vasanthi's new approach stresses that the attention and emphasis are laid on the theme and the students are not made conscious of what they are writing. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teaching Methods (88150); Written Language Instruction (99200); Educational Activities (20910); Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Writing (76180) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Teaching Writing-Shifting the Focus from Semantics to Thematic Studies Correspondence author: Vasanthi, V   Author e-mail address: drvasanthiravi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 481-486 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213321 ProQuest document ID: 1081897757 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897757?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Comparative Study of Hindi and Dogri Languages with Regard to Machine Translation Author: Dubey, Preeti1; Pathania, Shashi; Devanand1 Department of Computer Science & IT University of Jammu Jammu Jammu & Kashmir India preetidubey2000@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 298-309. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897938?accountid=50982 Abstract: Hindi, the official language of India, is regarded as one of the widespread languages after English and Mandarin. Hindi belongs to the Indo-Aryan (Indic) languages, and Dogri language also belongs to the same subgroup of the Indo-European family, i.e., Indo-Aryan family of languages. The script of Hindi language is Devanagari and Dogri has its own script namely, dog(schwa)ra (schwa)kkh(schwa)r or dog(schwa)r; but now the younger generation has adopted nag(schwa)ri script for Dogri. As such, almost all the modern literature has been and is being written in devanag(schwa)ri. For the development of Machine Translation system from Hindi to Dogri Language, there is a need to find the similarity between both the languages. It is found that both the languages are closely related to each other. This paper explains the closeness between the Hindi and Dogri Language scripts. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); Machine Translation (50250); International Phonetic Alphabet (37450); Orthography (61750); Indo Iranian Languages (35430) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Comparative Study of Hindi and Dogri Languages with Regard to Machine Translation Correspondence author: Dubey, Preeti   Author e-mail address: preetidubey2000@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 298-309 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213672 ProQuest document ID: 1081897938 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897938?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Impact of Learner Conversations in ESL/EFL Classrooms: An Exploration with Nigerian Students Author: Ashade, Dele11 ESL Department, Educare Continental Institute P.O. Box 238, Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria ashdelle@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 10-22. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898071?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language learning/teaching in Nigeria is based largely on an admixture of the moribund Grammar Translation Method and the Audiolingual method which hardly afford learners the opportunity to practise the language and skills they have learnt in the classroom. This has led to a situation where learners are unable to function in the language with the level of accuracy expected. This paper attempts to determine the factors that promise to encourage students from Nigeria who will be involved in learner conversations in the ESL classroom as well as present to the average ESL teacher elsewhere, tips on using conversations to achieve accuracy-learning goals. Thus, classroom activities, learners' attitudes and the role of teachers which ultimately cement the gains of the theoretical learning of the structures and skills of the language are enunciated in this paper. Adapted from the source document Subject: Audiolingual Language Teaching (05500); Grammar Translation Method of Language Teaching (28650); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Nigeria (57910); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Learning Theories (75860); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Impact of Learner Conversations in ESL/EFL Classrooms: An Exploration with Nigerian Students Correspondence author: Ashade, Dele   Author e-mail address: ashdelle@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 10-22 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213360 ProQuest document ID: 1081898071 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898071?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems of Teaching English in the Federal Government Secondary School of Rawalpindi Cantt Author: Naureen, Shazia1; Kayani, Muhammad Munir; Jabeen, Zahida1 Department of Education International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan drshazia.naureen@iiu.edu.pk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 284-297. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898293?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research was conducted to study the problems of Teaching English in Federal Government Secondary School of Rawalpindi Cantt. The main objective of the study were: (a) to find out difficulties faced by teachers in teaching English, (b) to analyze the teaching methods for English subject being adopted by the teachers and (d) to give suggestion for solving the problems in teaching English. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed and distributed among teachers, teaching English to 9th and 10th classes. The opinion of the respondents were gathered, tabulated and analyzed. The analysis of the data shows that teachers were using the traditional methods and were satisfied with present syllabus of English. Majority of the teachers use Grammar Translation method. Teachers suggested that there must be some provision of in-service training of English teachers, and provision of availability of literature on methods of teaching. Adapted from the source document Subject: Secondary Education (76300); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Grammar Translation Method of Language Teaching (28650); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Problems of Teaching English in the Federal Government Secondary School of Rawalpindi Cantt Correspondence author: Naureen, Shazia   Author e-mail address: drshazia.naureen@iiu.edu.pk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 284-297 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213397 ProQuest document ID: 1081898293 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898293?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Knowledge Base of Language Teachers Author: Panda, Sudhir Kumar11 English Templecity Institute of Technology and Engineering Khurda Bhubaneswar Orissa lalit_panda24@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 208-214. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898302?accountid=50982 Abstract: Although second language teacher education is a relatively recent development in the field of teacher education, the last thirty years have seen an explosion in the teaching and learning of second languages. This has been particularly true in the field of English as a second/foreign language (ESL). This paper examines pre-service ESL teacher education programs, focusing on Content Based English Knowledge (CBEK) for the teachers of Engineering Colleges in their ESL classrooms. It is vital to understand how two aspects of second language pre-service teacher education -- the knowledge base or information that students must know and the ways in which that knowledge is delivered to students -- come together. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Knowledge Base of Language Teachers Correspondence author: Panda, Sudhir Kumar   Author e-mail address: lalit_panda24@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 208-214 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213399 ProQuest document ID: 1081898302 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898302?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communication Unbound: Coming to Know the Unknown: An Attitudinal Response Author: Pani, Prajna11 Business Communication SoM, Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi -7612110 Dist: Gajapati Odisha, India drprajnapani@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 127-136. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898315?accountid=50982 Abstract: The possibilities for collaborative learning and virtual reality to enhance English language skills are currently attracting considerable academic interest. The teacher and the taught and the subject that is taught stay connected at a global level. The aim of the paper is to meet the challenges in international business to secure effective collaboration from employees who have different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The paper focuses on Communication Unbound, the way it relates to English language teaching and the position of non-native teachers of English and the strategies to empower them through 'learning -- to -- learn' approach. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communication Failure (13628); Nonnative Speakers (58230); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English for Special Purposes (22300); Cooperative Learning (15642); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communication Unbound: Coming to Know the Unknown: An Attitudinal Response Correspondence author: Pani, Prajna   Author e-mail address: drprajnapani@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 127-136 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213400 ProQuest document ID: 1081898315 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898315?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Integration of Different Technologies into Language Learning: Language Learners' Attitude and Motivation: A Case Study from Malaysia Author: Bahrani, Taher1; Soltani, Rahmatollah1 Department of English Mahshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Mahshahr Iran taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 427-438. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898354?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper aims at investigating language learners' attitude and motivation toward the use of different technologies such as computers, MP3 and MP4 players, mobile phones, and iPods to boost various language skills. The study was conducted based on a survey design with the help of 30 language learners majoring in TESL. To arrive at the necessary quantitative data, a questionnaire was developed and given to the participants to answer. The findings of this study indicated that most of the language learners have a positive attitude toward the use of different technologies to develop different skills. However, the results obtained from the questionnaire showed that language learners mostly prefer to use computer among the other technologies in order to improve their speaking proficiency and listening comprehension more than other language skills. On the contrary, iPods are used less by language learners for the very purpose of language learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: Student Attitudes (84725); Motivation (55580); Malaysia (50800); Multimedia (55660); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); TESOL (88700) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Integration of Different Technologies into Language Learning: Language Learners' Attitude and Motivation: A Case Study from Malaysia Correspondence author: Bahrani, Taher   Author e-mail address: taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 427-438 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-294 0 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213424 ProQuest document ID: 1081898354 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898354?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Alternative Source Material-Using Supplementary Text to Develop Communication in the Language Classroom Author: Vasanthi, V11 Department of English Loyola College Chennai 600 034 Tamilnadu India drvasanthiravi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 461-469. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898735?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article speaks about the need for an alternative source material to supplement the literary text in order to enhance the communication skills among the students. While maintaining that traditional syllabus cannot be done away with, it recommends various ways to generate tasks with the use of these alternative source materials to interest the young learners. This research paper demonstrates a class activity with an anecdote written by the teacher to generate discussion and there by inspire the students to write. Adapted from the source document Subject: Educational Activities (20910); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Alternative Source Material-Using Supplementary Text to Develop Communication in the Language Classroom Correspondence author: Vasanthi, V   Author e-mail address: drvasanthiravi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 461-469 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213256 ProQuest document ID: 1081898735 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898735?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Introducing Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) in Pakistan through Professional Development Workshop Author: Karim, Asim11 Department of English Gomal University DIKhan Pakistan asim.karim09@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 31-48. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899005?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching English to young learners (YLs) has remained overlooked and uncultivated in the national education planning and policies in many countries including Pakistan. There are no specific training opportunities and facilities for English teachers of YLs. Therefore, teachers are unqualified in teaching EFL to YLs. There is a need to focus on this problem and take requisite steps to improve existing practices. The plan proposed here aims at introducing current theoretical and practical dimensions of teaching English to YLs of the government and public sector primary schools of the district DIKhan in Pakistan through two-week professional development workshops. The main objectives are to introduce the concept of TEYL and innovative EL teaching practices in Pakistan for young learners and allow participants to experience learner centered teaching paradigm through experiential activities and demonstrations. Additionally, the training will initiate the participants to use pedagogy 2.0 tools to develop learning /teaching into life-long and global experience through sharing and participating in productive discussions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Education (87850); Pakistan (62200); Educational Policy (20940); Children (11850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Introducing Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) in Pakistan through Professional Development Workshop Correspondence author: Karim, Asim   Author e-mail address: asim.karim09@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 31-48 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213380 ProQuest document ID: 1081899005 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899005?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Podcast: Enhancing Listening and Speaking Skills Author: Rajpal, Sonali1; Devi, V Anitha1 School of Social Science and Languages (English Division) VIT University Vellore-632014 Tamilnadu India Sonalirajpal.vit@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 10,  (October 2011): 259-265. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899232?accountid=50982 Abstract: The inclusion of technology in education and research has completely transformed the Education system. Development in computers, Communication and Multimedia has changed the Classrooms into Smart rooms. Teachers have become Techno-Teachers. Especially, English learning styles have emerged into a new technological phase of learning by breaking the walls of traditional language rules. The paper aims at to discuss podcast as technology, revolutionizing English learning process and to show how is it useful for teachers and students in enhancing their knowledge as well as listening and speaking skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Strategies (46000); Teachers (87860); Multimedia (55660) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Podcast: Enhancing Listening and Speaking Skills Correspondence author: Rajpal, Sonali   Author e-mail address: Sonalirajpal.vit@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 259-265 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213404 ProQuest document ID: 1081899232 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899232?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Differences between Second Language Learning and First Language Acquisition Author: Shine, K P11 JMJ College for Women Morriespet P.O. Tenali-522 202 Guntur District Andhra Pradesh India shine_kp_jmj@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 736-744. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897268?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper explores the differences between the first language acquisition and the second language learning and its limitations. According to Krashen, first language (L1) acquisition is the process of natural assimilation, whereas learning a second language (L2) is a conscious one. Acquiring a second language can be a lifelong learning process for many as the second language learners are rarely successful. However, children by around the age of 5 have more or less mastered their first language with the exception of vocabulary and a few grammatical structures. First language can be an impediment or an aid depending on the methodology the teacher uses and the seriousness with which the teacher follows the method to teach the second language. This paper also discusses a few language teaching methods and techniques that may impart insights to the teachers to adopt various methods in the classroom to enable the learners' master competency in the target language. It suggests that, the language teachers need to break the traditional classroom environment and make the second language teaching very innovative, interactive and interesting for the learners to acquire proficiency in L2 as learning of L2 is the outcome of relentless effort and practice in real context. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning Theories (75860); Second Language Learning (75850); Native Language Acquisition (56394); Language Acquisition (41600); Learning Processes (45950); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English); 4015: psycholinguistics; child language acquisition Title: Differences between Second Language Learning and First Language Acquisition Correspondence author: Shine, K P   Author e-mail address: shine_kp_jmj@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 736-744 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213281 ProQuest document ID: 1081897268 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897268?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Syntax in Action: The Verb Agreement in Sindhi Language Author: Jumani, Nabi Bux1; Lashari, Mubarak Ali1 Professor and Head of Department of Education International Islamic University, Islamabad Pakistan nbjumani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 491-499. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897285?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the paper the nature of the verb in Sindhi language is generally discussed while the verb agreement is particularly investigated. The researchers took particular notice of the verb agreement in one of the most ancient languages of the river civilizations of the world. During the course of analysis, first the importance, origin and relation of the Sindhi language were sought. Afterwards the specific perception of the verb and its nature in the language was discussed. Subsequently, the variants of the verb changes and its agreement were discussed in detail in order to find the specifications in the language which can be significant in general linguistic understanding of the language in line with the world languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: Descriptive Linguistics (18350); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Verbs (93900); Agreement (Grammatical) (01230) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics; 4310: syntax; syntax Title: Syntax in Action: The Verb Agreement in Sindhi Language Correspondence author: Jumani, Nabi Bux   Author e-mail address: nbjumani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 491-499 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Jo urnals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213625 ProQuest document ID: 1081897285 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897285?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teachers' Understanding and Practice of CLT in Bangladesh Author: Islam, Monjurul11 Faculty Department of Languages IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Uttara Model Town Uttara Dhaka-1230 Bangladesh monj0603@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 372-386. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897688?accountid=50982 Abstract: Some of the pedagogical principles especially in Bangladesh that have informed foreign language teaching in the last decades need to be reconsidered. Some questions need to be addressed; such as to what extent is the CLT framework working in Bangladesh? What beliefs or concepts do teachers have of CLT? What is the role of teachers and students in the CLT classroom? The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which such issues were part of the belief system of teachers in Bangladesh and what impact they had on actual classroom practice. The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents believed CLT is not working properly in Bangladesh. As a result, we should reconsider the practical implication of CLT in the classrooms. However, the pattern was more complex and variegated than this brief summary might suggest, especially when the teachers' beliefs were compared to their classroom practice. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Teachers' Understanding and Practice of CLT in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Islam, Monjurul   Author e-mail address: monj0603@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 372-386 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213247 ProQuest document ID: 1081897688 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897688?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Simulation in Language Learning Acquisition Author: Jameel, Altaf11 School of Humanities Department of English Singhania University Rajasthan, India altaf.jameel@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 745-751. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897699?accountid=50982 Abstract: Simulation is undoubtedly a valuable tool for applied scientific language learning in a constructive teaching learning process. It has and is enhancing creativity, innovation and applied thinking. Besides it helps in the development and cultivation of creative language within a relatively conducive learning environment. Thus, it helps in building motivation and enthusiasm, compulsory for the quality language-learning to take place. This paper shall throw light on different approaches relating to the use of simulation techniques and designs behind the process and finally procedure of operation followed by the resulting conclusion. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Motivation (55580); Educational Activities (20910); Learning Environment (45880) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Simulation in Language Learning Acquisition Correspondence author: Jameel, Altaf   Author e-mail address: altaf.jameel@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 745-751 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213248 ProQuest document ID: 1081897699 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897699?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Liangmai: A Minority Language of Manipur Author: Ch, Widinibou11 Department of Linguistics Assam University Silchar 788011 Assam dinee-ch@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 500-511. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897781?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses how Meitei, the dominant language of Manipur, is influencing the Liangmai language. A lot of lexical borrowings from Meitei has taken place in Liangmai because of language contact with Meitei for a very long time. But still Liangmai is surviving the impact of Meitei even though it is a minority language in Manipur. The Indian Constitution adopted several safeguards to protect linguistic minorities in the country. Thus minorities are allowed to secure state funds for their educational institutions. Article 347 allows the use of minority languages for official purposes. But in Manipur, most of the tribal languages are not yet introduced in government educational institutions even at the primary level. A lot of lexical borrowing from Meitei has taken place in Liangmai because of language contact in day today life. Borrowing of Meitei words become a necessity in day today life. This leads to language endangerment. Most of the borrowed words belong to the category of nouns. The large domain or proportions of the Loan vocabulary from Meitei words have entered the Liangmai lexicon. This sometimes leads to language endangerment. Adapted from the source document Subject: Minority Languages (54250); Endangered Languages (21760); Language Planning (43400); Language Policy (43450); Borrowing (09300); Language Contact (42100); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Language Dominance (42380); India (35100) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy; 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Liangmai: A Minority Language of Manipur Correspondence author: Ch, Widinibou   Author e-mail address: dinee-ch@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 500-511 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213883 ProQuest document ID: 1081897781 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897781?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Brief Introduction of Hindko Language Author: Akhtar Raja, Nasim1; ur-Rashid, Haroon; Sohail, Ayesha1 Department of English, University of AJ & K nasimakhtarraja@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 471-482. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897853?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main focus of this paper is to introduce briefly an Indo-Aryan language called Hindko, specifically, sketching out its grammar essential for understanding its salient structural characters. Structurally, this language resembles its sister languages like Hindi Urdu, Punjabi etc. Though, Hindko is spoken in different parts of Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and Kashmir yet its linguistic documentation is not done so far. This preliminary type of work will not only bring it to the notice of the linguistic community but also attract the attention of researchers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Descriptive Linguistics (18350); Grammatical Analysis (28700); Afghanistan (00800); India (35100); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: A Brief Introduction of Hindko Language Correspondence author: Akhtar Raja, Nasim   Author e-mail address: nasimakhtarraja@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 471-482 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213609 ProQuest document ID: 1081897853 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897853?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Nahuatl Language Author: Bedell, George11 The Nahuatl Language George Bedell UCLA and Osaka University gdbedell@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 798-826. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897871?accountid=50982 Abstract: At the time of its conquest by Spain, the dominant language spoken in the Aztec Empire was Nahuatl (Uto-Aztecan). Although the language became politically subordinate to Spanish, it was studied and used by missionaries as the principal language of contact with native peoples, and literacy in Nahuatl using the Roman alphabet was quickly established. Nahuatl is now spoken by more than one million people in rural areas surrounding the Valley of Mexico. It is losing ground to Spanish in many areas but remaining vigorous and even expanding in others. Nahuatl consists of a variety of divergent dialects usually called 'Mexicano,' while the term 'Nahuatl' is used to refer to the 'classical' form of the language. The main difference between Mexicano and Nahuatl is the influence of Spanish on the former. A detailed description of the Nahuatl language is provided. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nahuatl (56110); Mexico (53450); Descriptive Linguistics (18350) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: The Nahuatl Language Correspondence author: Bedell, George   Author e-mail address: gdbedell@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 798-826 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213612 ProQuest document ID: 1081897871 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897871?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Borrowings in Jaffna Tamil Author: Karunakaran, T11 EFL University Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India karuenglish@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 512-528. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897976?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study looks specifically at the language contact of two of the world's most visible languages and details of the resultant language change when words from English are borrowed into Tamil. Borrowed words, or loan words were collected in Jaffna in June, 2007. The loan words were then analyzed for phonological, morphosyntactic, semantic, and sociolinguistic factors. The frequency of English loan words was found to have increased in Tamil in the past decade, particularly in the realms of technology and communication, culture and entertainment, and politics. The borrowings are consequently spoken and understood by younger interlocutors and speakers. Socioeconomic, cultural, political, and geographical factors may make two languages co-exist and inevitably the languages influence each other. Adapted from the source document Subject: Borrowing (09300); English (21900); Tamil (87650); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Contact (42100); Social Factors (79910); Political Factors (66453); Cultural Factors (16500) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing; 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: English Borrowings in Jaffna Tamil Correspondence author: Karunakaran, T   Author e-mail address: karuenglish@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 512-528 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213693 ProQuest document ID: 1081897976 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897976?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Audiovisual Mass Media Technology and Second Language Acquisition Author: Bahrani, Taher1; Soltani, Rahmatollah1 Department of English Mahshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Mahshahr, Iran taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 728-735. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898032?accountid=50982 Abstract: More recent technological advances have made it possible for teachers to access authentic audiovisual resources directly from the Internet and television. In the same line, the purpose of this paper is to consider the advantages and disadvantages of audiovisual technology for second language acquisition. The application of various audiovisual technologies such as computers and television has become a new trend recently in global second language acquisition instruction. Research findings have proven that the use of audiovisual technology has a positive effect on the attainment of various language skills. Nevertheless, the use of various audiovisual technologies in second language acquisition has its own limitations and weaknesses which should also be considered. By recognizing both the advantages and disadvantages, the maximum effectiveness of technology to enhance second language learning can be achieved. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Audiolingual Language Teaching (05500); Second Language Instruction (75700); Internet (37500); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Mass Media (51500) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Audiovisual Mass Media Technology and Second Language Acquisition Correspondence author: Bahrani, Taher   Author e-mail address: taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 728-735 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213233 ProQuest document ID: 1081898032 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898032?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Mainstreaming the Vocabulary through Multimedia Modules-An Analysis Author: Devi, K Kamala11 English Sri Sarada College of Education, Salem 636 016, Tamilnadu, India devikamala12@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 463-470. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898106?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper chronicles the author's comprehensive research study to develop a multimedia courseware package and test its effectiveness for the upper primary students improvement in terms of English vocabulary. Two specific hypotheses were formulated and tested by the experiment: (1) "There will be significant difference between the mean achievement scores of the experimental and control group students"; and (2) "The pupils taught through the multimedia courseware package will have higher mean achievement than the pupils taught through conventional methods of teaching." Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Multimedia (55660); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Mainstreaming the Vocabulary through Multimedia Modules-An Analysis Correspondence author: Devi, K Kamala   Author e-mail address: devikamala12@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 463-470 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213367 ProQuest document ID: 1081898106 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898106?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Mabhyani, a Lesser Known Mother Tongue of Western Hindi Group Author: Fatima, Somana11 Community College Shaqra University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Somanafatima17883@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 752-775. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898178?accountid=50982 Abstract: Fatima examines the Hindi language Mabhyani, spoken in Noida, India. The Mabhyani language is linguistically close to Haryanvi and Khadi Boli in which R (retroflex, flap), Rh (aspirated retroflex and flap) and N (retroflex, Nasal) are used frequently. The Mabhyanis use their mother tongue as a household language. Outside the home, Mabhyani is used, in formal settings Hindi is used, and English is also used by the younger generation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); Regional Dialects (72100); India (35100); Descriptive Linguistics (18350); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics; 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Mabhyani, a Lesser Known Mother Tongue of Western Hindi Group Correspondence author: Fatima, Somana   Author e-mail address: Somanafatima17883@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 752-775 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213620 ProQuest document ID: 1081898178 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898178?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching of English in the Digital Age Author: Mangayarkarasi, J1; Preethi, R1 Department of English Ethiraj College for Women Chennai-600 008 Tamilnadu India Jmbwilson97@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 417-420. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898263?accountid=50982 Abstract: The authors contend that the incorporation of technology into English language teaching is one of the most important challenges for education today as a great step towards revitalizing English language classrooms. Teachers must be effectively trained to use the technology and are required to be facilitators who help students to explore the expansive world of English as the use of technology bridges the gap between the teaching styles and the learning styles. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching of English in the Digital Age Correspondence author: Mangayarkarasi, J   Author e-mail address: Jmbwilson97@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 417-420 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213390 ProQuest document ID: 1081898263 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898263?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Survey of Teaching Strategies in ESL Classroom Author: Abbasi, Abdul Malik11 University of Management and Technology Lahore Sindh, Pakistan abdulmalikabbasi@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 313-329. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898348?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study surveys as to what kind of teaching strategies are applied by English language teachers for the development of linguistic abilities of ESL learners at intermediate level in Pakistan. English language pedagogy keeps on exploring the ways and means of teaching second language in various strategic forms to ESL learners. The study focuses on the related analysis of English language teaching strategies applied by both Public sector and Private sector at intermediate level at District Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The study applies both quantitative and qualitative methods for data analysis. Participating subjects were 40 English language teachers of intermediate level of Public sector and Private sector schools and colleges. The ELT teachers were interviewed in details coupled with data via questionnaires. The evidence from the data manifests that the ELT teachers of public sector are more inclined to apply the teaching strategies of GTM (Grammar Translation Method) while Private sector teachers are interested in Communicative Teaching Approach Strategies. Furthermore, the study suggests that there is a great need to train and motivate Public sector teachers through workshops for applying Communicative Teaching Approach Strategies in their ESL context in order to make their ESL learners communicatively competent. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Surveys (86000); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Survey of Teaching Strategies in ESL Classroom Correspondence author: Abbasi, Abdul Malik   Author e-mail address: abdulmalikabbasi@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 313-329 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213354 ProQuest document ID: 1081898348 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898348?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Critical Thinking for Literature Teachers in University Level Academic Stetting in Pakistan Author: Karim, Asim11 Department of English Gomal University DIKhan Pakistan asim.karim09@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 292-305. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898997?accountid=50982 Abstract: A great body of literature establishes the effectiveness of literature in enhancing EFL competency and cross culturalism. But this strategy can work well in a typical learner centered class room environment and innovation in teachers' attitude to teaching literature. The study argues that teachers of literature at university level academic setting if trained adequately are in a significant position to use literary text to achieve varied objectives of developing cross cultural understanding and communicative language competency of the learners. Critical thinking skills it is contended if interfused in teachers' instructional methodology will develop their potential to use literary text for diverse purposes of achieving cross culturalism and enhancement of communicative language competence. Cross Cultural awareness in particular ha s assumed greater significance in the face of strained tries and micro level conflicts between the western/American world and the Muslim world. In view of this situation, there is every possibility that greater the disparity and dissimilarity between the cultures, higher would be the possibility of cultural shock and cultural antipathy. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pakistan (62200); Higher Education (31750); Literature (49250); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Cultural Instruction (16580); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Critical Thinking for Literature Teachers in University Level Academic Stetting in Pakistan Correspondence author: Karim, Asim   Author e-mail address: asim.karim09@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 292-305 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213379 ProQuest document ID: 1081898997 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898997?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Vocabulary through Newspaper Advertisements: An Innovative Experience Author: Anisha, M11 Department of English BPS Women University Khanpur Kalan (Sonipat)-131305 Haryana India chugh_anisha@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 330-340. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899027?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights five strategies for teaching English vocabulary through the use of newspaper advertisements: (1) Story-Telling; (2) Using Pictures (Look and Say); (3) Synonyms; (4) Association; and (5) Magic Thread (Word Game). To ensure that all the five strategies are helpful in teaching vocabulary, this study aims at sensitizing the learners through each strategy. Adapted from the source document Subject: Vocabulary Instruction (94850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Advertisements (00670); Newspapers (57800) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Vocabulary through Newspaper Advertisements: An Innovative Experience Correspondence author: Anisha, M   Author e-mail address: chugh_anisha@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 330-340 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Sc holarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213358 ProQuest document ID: 1081899027 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899027?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Innovative Methods for Communicative Language Teaching Author: Zulaiha, B11 Head, Department of English TBAK College Kilakarai-623 517 Ramanathapuram District Tamilnadu, India zoowasif@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 786-792. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899134?accountid=50982 Abstract: Zulaiha discusses and introduces methods to enable students to communicate well through English and to make the class a student-centered one, arguing that the teacher's main role in the language classrooms is to help students to become able and efficient communicators, directing them towards the mastery of the four language skills. This paper also describes the viewpoints of learners and instructors. Zulaiha recommends that instructors talk for 20% of class time, while student talk makes up the remaining 80% of allotted time. A sample minutue-to-minute classroom schedule is also provided. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Classroom Communication (12250); Communicative Language Teaching (13750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Innovative Methods for Communicative Language Teaching Correspondence author: Zulaiha, B   Author e-mail address: zoowasif@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 786-792 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213422 ProQuest document ID: 1081899134 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899134?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Comprehensible Input Processed through DIG Activities for Time-Bound Speaking Skills Author: Sai, K Sathya1; Baskaran, G1 Department of English Alagappa Government Arts College Kariakudi-630 003 Tamilnadu India ksathyasai@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 667-672. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899237?accountid=50982 Abstract: Activating Speaking Skills of ESL Learners to meet the expectation at work situation remains one of the major challenges of English Language Teachers in Colleges. Adult Second Language Learners in countries like India aspire to learn time-bound speaking skills in order to secure a particular job. The subjects just need a limited vocabulary range and knowledge in frequently used structures and expressions at least to manage fairly their work situation in the beginning. Their 'acquired competency' from formal education is passive and they find a gap between knowledge gained from education and skills required to communicate at work situation. This paper explores a method that helps the subjects for time-bound speaking skills and also activate 'Learned Competency' in due course of time. The emphasis of this new method is on activating speaking skills by DIG (Drill, Imitation, and Generation) activities among adult learners who have certain productive inability due to various reasons. The subjects of the study have been exposed to the second language only in the class rooms for more than a decade and their 'Learned Competency' is memory oriented and their 'Acquired Competency' is evanescent due to lack of practice. Hence, this new approach emphasizes on DIG (Drill, Imitation, and Generation) activities in acquired 'comprehensible input' to develop productive skills of the learners by imposing pressing situation in production point. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Adults (00600) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Comprehensible Input Processed through DIG Activities for Time-Bound Speaking Skills Correspondence author: Sai, K Sathya   Author e-mail address: ksathyasai@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 667-672 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213406 ProQuest document ID: 1081899237 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899237?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ CALL and Students' Achievement: an Educational Study Author: Shafeeq, C P11 Department of English Najran University Saudi Arabia cp.shafeeq@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 11,  (November 2011): 673-693. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899250?accountid=50982 Abstract: Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is now used in a variety of instructional settings. It can easily generate learner-centered, self-pacing activity. As in other programmed learning packages, CALL can change the proportion of learning from teacher-led to learner-controlled activity. There is a demand for technologically equipped teachers to meet the requirements of future generation teaching. In CALL and Students' Achievement: an Educational Study, the investigator is concerned about the effect of CALL in English Language Teaching. The study is conducted with the objective to ascertain the achievement of students taught through CALL and NON-CALL with reference to giftedness, gender, and motivation. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that CALL can significantly enhance the students' achievement in English language learning as compared to the conventional methods. CALL may not be a significant determiner for the achievement of the gifted students, and non-gifted students are much benefited by learning through CALL irrespective of the gender. Students are more motivated by the autonomy enhanced by CALL as compared to the conventional methods. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Students (84750); Motivation (55580); Student Attitudes (84725) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: CALL and Students' Achievement: an Educational Study Correspondence author: Shafeeq, C P   Author e-mail address: cp.shafeeq@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Pages: 673-693 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213409 ProQuest document ID: 1081899250 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899250?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Negation in Liangmai Author: Widinibou, M A11 Department of Linguistics Assam University Silchar -788011 Assam, India ch10dinee@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 337-351. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897237?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study aims to find out some of the grammatical uses of Negation in Liangmai language. Negation plays a very important role in communication system of language. It is also affects the logical structure as well as the semantic analysis of a sentence used in a particular language. The study of negation also plays a very important role in determining the acceptability of various grammatical constructions. The present study is to explore the descriptive model and tries to describe in detail the construction of negative sentences in Liangmai. This study deals with prohibition, let negation, double negation, negative strengthening, polarity items, morphological negation, etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: Negation (56700); Grammatical Analysis (28700); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Descriptive Linguistics (18350); Polarity (66220) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Negation in Liangmai Correspondence author: Widinibou, M A   Author e-mail address: ch10dinee@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 337-351 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213640 ProQuest document ID: 1081897237 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897237?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Recent Findings in Bodo-Garo Tonology Author: Sarmah, Priyankoo11 Dept. of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 61-71. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897346?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Bodo-Garo languages are primarily spoken in the Assam floodplains of Northeast India. The Bodo-Garo subgroup of languages belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family consisting of Bodo, one of the widely spoken Tibeto-Burman languages. This subfamily of languages (see Figure 1) has received considerable attention from the linguists' community starting from the second half of the 20th century. Hence, tones in these languages have also been of interest to the linguistic community. Although it is claimed that proto Tibeto-Burman may have originally had a two tones inventory (Mazaudon, 1985), some of the Tibeto-Burman languages do not have any tones, at least in the synchronic variety. On the contrary to Mazaudon's claim, it is also shown that tones in the Bodo-Garo languages emerged due to the deletion of certain segmental elements (Joseph & Burling, 2001). However, not intending to go into the discussion about the tonogenesis of the Tibeto-Burman languages, I, in this work will limit my discussion to the synchronic variety of the Bodo-Garo languages and only to four languages of the group that I am more familiar with; namely, Bodo, Dimasa, Rabha and Tiwa. I will discuss the tonal features of these four languages in the following sections. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Tone (90300); Synchronic Linguistics (86650); Descriptive Linguistics (18350) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics; 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Recent Findings in Bodo-Garo Tonology Correspondence author: Sarmah, Priyankoo   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 61-71 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213636 ProQuest document ID: 1081897346 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897346?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effectiveness of Reciprocal Teaching Technique in Enhancing the Reading Skills of Engineering Students in English Author: Nagaraj, P11 Dept. of English and Foreign Languages, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 246-257. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897651?accountid=50982 Abstract: Despite the awareness of the importance of reading, little has been done in developing reading education. In western countries, students' progress can be assessed and evaluated at every step with the help of standardized tests on reading to suit different grades and age levels, but in India, such steps are few in number and often unsuitable to Indian needs. Nagaraj highlights the Reciprocal Teaching strategy to remedy this issue and tests the potentiality of Reciprocal Teaching as reading improvement strategy against empirical data of actual research findings. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English for Special Purposes (22300); Reading Instruction (70950); Second Language Reading (75930); Teaching Methods (88150) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: Effectiveness of Reciprocal Teaching Technique in Enhancing the Reading Skills of Engineering Students in English Correspondence author: Nagaraj, P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 246-257 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213298 ProQuest document ID: 1081897651 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897651?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing Reading Competency in English Language Teaching Author: Sivasubramaniam, Chitra11 Dept. of English, Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 202-205. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897673?accountid=50982 Abstract: Reading skills are indispensable for efficient living in modern society, but many children have difficulties in learning to read. This has many negative effects, and it is observed that those who fail in school have usually failed in reading. Sivasubramaniam discusses how teachers and parents can facilitate the development of reading in young children. Readers must be taught "phoneme awareness," and reading also requires phonics, reading fluency and comprehension skills. Each of these skills must be integrated and applied in text through consistent and frequent practice. Adapted from the source document Subject: Early Literacy (20400); Reading Instruction (70950); Children (11850); English (21900); Reading Deficiencies (70900); Phonological Awareness (64970); Reading Acquisition (70650) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: Developing Reading Competency in English Language Teaching Correspondence author: Sivasubramaniam, Chitra   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 202-205 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213300 ProQuest document ID: 1081897673 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897673?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Enhancing the Language Teaching Strategy by Using Powerful Communication Tools Author: Nirmala, J R11 R.M.K. College of Engineering and Technology, Puduvoyal Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 242-245. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897713?accountid=50982 Abstract: Nirmala discusses strategies for language teachers to make their communication with students be impactful, clear, and memorable. One way to make language come alive is by using the powerful and effective communication tools of metaphor, anecdote, and story to explain complex messages in concrete ways. These communication tools help ensure that communication is not vague and one's words are understood in the way that is desired. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Competence (13650); Story Telling (84400); Metaphors (53250); Second Language Teachers (76120); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Enhancing the Language Teaching Strategy by Using Powerful Communication Tools Correspondence author: Nirmala, J R   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 242-245 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213250 ProQuest document ID: 1081897713 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897713?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Corpora and Contrastive Study: Evidence from Hindi-English Language Pair Author: Thakur, Anil1; Kumar, Shailendra; Vashistha, Neha1 Department of Linguistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanashi Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 214-222. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897745?accountid=50982 Abstract: Obtaining a comprehensive account of the types of divergences between a pair of languages is a challenging issue in language teaching and machine translation. The authors discuss how a contrastive study based on comprehensive corpora is needed for the identification, classification and resolution of the difficulties posed by such divergences. This paper examines the uses of corpora and contrastive study in the area of machine translation and second language teaching, basing the discussion on divergences between Hindi and English and drawing examples from the polysemous nature of various words. Adapted from the source document Subject: Machine Translation (50250); Second Language Instruction (75700); Conversation Analysis (15605); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Hindi (31950); English (21900); Corpus Linguistics (15670); Corpus Analysis (15664); Polysemy (66560) Classification: 4616: discourse analysis/text linguistics; corpus linguistics; 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Corpora and Contrastive Study: Evidence from Hindi-English Language Pair Correspondence author: Thakur, Anil   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 214-222 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213554 ProQuest document ID: 1081897745 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897745?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Enhancing the Nonverbal Communication to Develop the Social Skills Author: Vahid, Shahul Hameed11 Jubail Industrial College, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 301-305. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897750?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights the use of nonverbal communication in human interaction and methods of teaching nonverbal communication in second-language contexts. Like speech, nonverbal communication has both form and function, and this is not always directly transferable. This leads to nonverbal communication being difficult to teach and prone to causing breakdowns and misunderstandings in intercultural communication. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nonverbal Communication (58500); Second Language Instruction (75700); Cross Cultural Communication (16300); Communication Failure (13628); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English); 5810: nonverbal communication; human nonverbal language Title: Enhancing the Nonverbal Communication to Develop the Social Skills Correspondence author: Vahid, Shahul Hameed   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 301-305 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213255 ProQuest document ID: 1081897750 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897750?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Pragmatic Language Policy in Relation to English: Bangladesh Contexts Author: Islam, Md Monjurul11 Faculty Department of Languages IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Uttara Model Town Uttara Dhaka-1230 Bangladesh monj0603@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 47-57. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897809?accountid=50982 Abstract: The status of language is a critical issue in many states. Language policy is one method by which governments attempt to manage any critical situation that comes from languages and its status. The aim of the article is to look at some of the existing problems regarding language policy in Bangladesh. In this paper, the qualitative method is used by following document analysis. Data has been analyzed on the basis of various articles, books about language policies and language policies of different countries. At the same time, this article compares these data on the basis of Bangladesh contexts. It is found that Bangladesh needs a pragmatic language policy if it wants to think its socio-political, socio-economic and socio-cultural situations and to develop its nation by challenging all obstacles of development as well as to face the globalization. From the result of data analysis, it has been proved that the task is difficult because Bangladesh has no language policy. The intention of this article is to discuss these issues which are necessary for a pragmatic language policy in relation to English in Bangladesh. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Policy (43450); Bangladesh (07450); Language Status (43920); Social Factors (79910); Political Factors (66453); English (21900); Globalization (28120) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: A Pragmatic Language Policy in Relation to English: Bangladesh Contexts Correspondence author: Islam, Md Monjurul   Author e-mail address: monj0603@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 47-57 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213888 ProQuest document ID: 1081897809 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897809?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Scope in Kuki-Chin Questions Author: Bedell, George11 Department of Linguistics, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand gdbedell@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 58-70. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897865?accountid=50982 Abstract: The examples in this paper illustrate the syntactic structure of questions in three Kuki-Chin languages: Lai, primarily spoken in Hakha and Thantlang townships, Chin State, Myanmar; Mizo, primarily spoken in Mizoram State, India; and K'cho, primarily spoken in Mindat township, Chin State, Myanmar. Lai and Mizo are closely related Central Kuki-Chin languages, and K'cho is a less closely related Southern Kuki-Chin language. There is a brief glance at two Northern Kuki-Chin languages. Examples followed by numbers in parentheses are taken from translations of the Gospel according to Matthew in each language. Lai and Mizo are cited in their standard orthographies as these appear in the translations. K'cho does not have a generally accepted orthography, and examples are adapted from Matheiu 2001. I am grateful to Kee Shein Mang for help with the K'cho examples, and to Goh Deih Lun for help with the Mizo examples. An earlier version of this paper with the title 'Scope in K'cho Questions' was presented to the 35th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Language and Linguistics (ICSTLL), hosted by the Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Arizona State University, November 2002. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Descriptive Linguistics (18350); Orthography (61750); Syntactic Structures (86770); Questions (69930); Scope (75380); Syntactic Analysis (86752) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Scope in Kuki-Chin Questions Correspondence author: Bedell, George   Author e-mail address: gdbedell@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 58-70 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213611 ProQuest document ID: 1081897865 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897865?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sequential Converbal Construction in Danuwar Author: Bhandari, Bhabendra11 Tribhuvan University, Nepal Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 295-300. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897878?accountid=50982 Abstract: Danuwar is one of the languages belonging to Indo-Aryan group of Indo-European Language Family. It is spoken in Nepal by an ethnic group of the same name as their mother tongue. In the report of Population Census 2001, 31,849 people have been recorded as mother tongue speakers of this language. This language passes through different alternative names. Danuwar, Dhanvar, Rai Danuwar, Danwar, Denwar, Donwar are different alternative names used to refer to this language. Most of the South Asian languages typically employ non-finite clauses instead of finite clauses to realize clause linkage (Masica, 1976). This paper focuses on one of such constructions, viz. sequential converbal constructions (also known as 'conjunctive participle/ participial clauses') in Danuwar language and tries to analyse them. This paper is organized into three sections. Section 1 presents the morphological analysis of the sequential converbal constructions in Danuwar. Section 2 briefly discusses their semantics. In section 3 the syntactic features associated with these constructions are discussed. It ends with summing up. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Nepal (56900); Syntactic Structures (86770); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Morphological Analysis (55380); Semantic Analysis (76570); Syntax Semantics Relationship (86850); Morphology Syntax Relationship (55520); Clauses (12350) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics; 4310: syntax; syntax Title: Sequential Converbal Construction in Danuwar Correspondence author: Bhandari, Bhabendra   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 295-300 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213613 ProQuest document ID: 1081897878 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897878?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ How Language Use Stimulates Tourism Author: Tengku Mahadi, Tengku Sepora1; Al-Bahrani, Rana H1 School of Languages, Literacies and Translation Universiti Sains Malaysia tsepora@usm.my Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 352-374. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897977?accountid=50982 Abstract: The authors highlight the results of a study conducted to investigate the link between language and tourism. The authors, proposing the concept of linguistic tourism to refer to the "virtual touring or travelling" via imagination stimulated through language, analyze tourism texts from a functional perspective in order to determine how language affects tourism. They postulate that linguistic tourism precedes real tourism and affirm this through an an analysis of several authentic tourism-directed texts, from which it is further proposed that language in tourism has primarily three functions: persuasive, informational, and directive. They also contend that language represents an essential tool towards achieving tourism. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tourism (90625); Directives (19180); Language Use (44610) Classification: 4611: discourse analysis/text linguistics; text linguistics Title: How Language Use Stimulates Tourism Correspondence author: Tengku Mahadi, Tengku Sepora   Author e-mail address: tsepora@usm.my Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 352-374 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213544 ProQuest document ID: 1081897977 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897977?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Panacea of Vocabulary: The Formation of Words Is a Growth from Within and an Integral Part of English Etymology Author: Nezami, Syed Raihan Ahmed11 Department of English College of Arts and Sciences, Post Box No 1988 Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia raihan.nezami@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 213-233. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897988?accountid=50982 Abstract: Numerous words used in English today come from other languages. There are lots of Latin and Greek and French influences on most European languages like English, and Spanish. You would be surprised at how this basic awareness of the origin of the English language can be of great help to us. English language has been enriched by borrowing from foreign tongues, but it is not merely by borrowing; new words can easily be created and are being created almost every day. English has a long history of growth since long; basically it can be divided in three periods -- old English, Middle English and modern English. The period of old English falls between 450 and 1150 a. C. It was quite flexible like many European languages such as Greek, Latin and Indo-European languages. This period is marked as a period of formation and growth of English as a new language. The most meaningful changes came in Middle English between 1150 and 1500 a. C. The grammar was also changed. It was no more flexible but it had become completely analytical. This remarkable change was due to the invasion by the Normandy, which continued for about 400 years. Thousands of words were added to its vocabulary from French and Latin and its growth was in full swing. The period of modern English started from 1500 till the date. At this time the printing press was invented which eased the conservative process of grammar and orthography. The need for a standard language for its readers was badly felt at that time. The discoveries and travels by the British all over the world highly accelerated the transmission process of new vocabulary and its growth. They came into contact of about 50 languages, among which especially French and Spanish highly enriched English. In this period, there occurred notable changes in its pronunciation and phonology. There are a variety of ways in which a new word can be formed out of the native speech material, showing thereby, that English has grown from within and is still growing of itself. The different ways by which new words have been formed are: Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Borrowing (09300); Language Contact (42100); French (25750); Spanish (81800); Etymology (23250); Word Formation (97400) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing; 5215: lexicography/lexicology; etymology Title: Panacea of Vocabulary: The Formation of Words Is a Growth from Within and an Integral Part of English Etymology Correspondence author: Nezami, Syed Raihan Ahmed   Author e-mail address: raihan.nezami@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 213-233 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213695 ProQuest document ID: 1081897988 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897988?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Honing Speaking Skill: Effective Methods at Tertiary Level Author: Baghyalakshmi, S11 Avinashilingam Deemed University For Women, Coimbatore Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 166-169. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898076?accountid=50982 Abstract: Baghyalakshmi highlights the importance of proficiency in spoken English, the global language of communication. Communicative efficiency is the goal of teaching speaking skills, and Baghyalakshmi provides suggestions and details on conducting a number of activities for teachers to use in spoken language instruction. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communicative Competence (13650); Educational Activities (20910); Oral Language (61300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Honing Speaking Skill: Effective Methods at Tertiary Level Correspondence author: Baghyalakshmi, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 166-169 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213361 ProQuest document ID: 1081898076 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898076?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems of Teaching and Learning English in India: A Study Author: Bhaskar, Talluri Mathew11 A.P.R.J College, Guntur Dist., Andhra Pradesh Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 187-194. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898086?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bhaskar highlights the issues relating to the teaching and learning of English as a second language in India, noting that there is a dire need to redefine English language education in the nation. English has come to play a very important role in India, but there are administrative and academic problems relating to English education. The proportion of English to be taught at a college level is mostly a policy matter over which teachers and learners have no control, and there is no coordination between different administratively constituted academic bodies on the subject. Classroom conditions also pose challenges for English education. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Learning Environment (45880); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Problems of Teaching and Learning English in India: A Study Correspondence author: Bhaskar, Talluri Mathew   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 187-194 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213363 ProQuest document ID: 1081898086 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898086?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Reducing Cognitive Overload among Students through Language Games Author: Chandrasekaran, Kala11 English Faculty of Engineering Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women Coimbatore 641 108 Tamilnadu, India kala.chandrasekaran@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 268-276. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898090?accountid=50982 Abstract: Chandrasekaran shares techniques for English teachers to develop students' linguistic skills by putting a greater emphasis on grammar, vocabulary, writing genres, spelling, and pronunciation. The use of vocabulary enrichment games is one way to motivate students. These games, which involve grammar reinforcement that transfers language usage principles from working memory to long term memory, require students to use the English language in the classroom and encourage interaction. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); Cognitive Load (12890); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Reinforcement (72450); Long Term Memory (49800) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Reducing Cognitive Overload among Students through Language Games Correspondence author: Chandrasekaran, Kala   Author e-mail address: kala.chandrasekaran@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 268-276 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2 940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213364 ProQuest document ID: 1081898090 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898090?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Taboo and Euphemism in Tamil Author: Geetha, V11 CAS in Linguistics, Annamalai University Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 231-236. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898154?accountid=50982 Abstract: Geetha examines "meaning," specifically about how cultural meanings are expressed in language. Language is used to avoid saying certain things as well as to express them. Certain things are not said at all, resulting in instances of linguistic taboo. Other things are discussed only in very roundabout ways, cases of the employment of euphemisms. Geetha highlights the use of taboo and euphemism in the Tamil language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Euphemism (23300); Politeness (66350); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Sociolinguistics (80200); Tamil (87650) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics; 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: Taboo and Euphemism in Tamil Correspondence author: Geetha, V   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 231-236 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213837 ProQuest document ID: 1081898154 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898154?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Diagnostic study of EFL Courses at the Community College of Jazan University Author: Liton, Hussain Ahmed1; Ali, Md Maher1 Department of English Bangladesh Islami University Dhaka-1203, Bangladesh haljusa@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 108-128. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898243?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper explores the new routes and avenues of accelerating EFL learning in the Community College of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Ministry of education is highly concerned with the pursuit of excellence in EFL learning in the arena of education but it faces tardy progress. This is a common scenario in almost all the seats of learning in KSA. The authors of this study ventured to explore the possible pathways in the realm of language learning motivation with a view to accelerating and incorporating EFL teaching-learning affairs and made an attempt to diagnose the predicaments of EFL courses in Jazan Community College through survey questionnaires for teachers (see Appendix-1) and observation. The data of this research were collected through questionnaires from a total of 25 teachers. This study reports on the basis of statistical data analyses, observation and on primary and secondary sources. Finally, this paper offers some remarkable implications and recommendations to accelerate better EFL learning outcomes based on the results of the present research survey. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Saudi Arabia (75100); Higher Education (31750); Second Language Teachers (76120); Motivation (55580) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Diagnostic study of EFL Courses at the Community College of Jazan University Correspondence author: Liton, Hussain Ahmed   Author e-mail address: haljusa@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 108-128 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213385 ProQuest document ID: 1081898243 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898243?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evaluation of English Language Teaching Methods Used in Higher Secondary Education in Bangladesh Author: Mondal, Nitish Kumar11 English Discipline Khulna University Khulna-9208 Bangladesh nitish.english@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 181-197. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898283?accountid=50982 Abstract: The language teaching methods are very important for the purpose of learning and teaching in every language. English language has different teaching methods like other languages of the world. The objective of the study was to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the present English language teaching methods and to evaluate their suitability in teaching English at higher secondary level education in Bangladesh. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire was prepared where the populations of the study were college teachers. A total of 100 teachers were selected as the sample for this study. The respondents were from the different colleges in three districts. The sample was selected through a random sampling method. Though a number of teaching methods are used at higher secondary level, the findings showed and side by side suggested that the present method named "Communicative Language Teaching" used on the Higher Secondary level education in Bangladesh was not suitable for the current text book of English, where interaction between the teachers and the students are lacked of and two skills like reading and writing are applied only and the teachers were not using this method wholeheartedly. Then the current method needed to be improved with adding grammar and literary piece, which could be applied through technological aspects. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Secondary Education (76300); Bangladesh (07450) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Evaluation of English Language Teaching Methods Used in Higher Secondary Education in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Mondal, Nitish Kumar   Author e-mail address: nitish.english@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 181-197 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213395 ProQuest document ID: 1081898283 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898283?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Principles and Methodologies of Teaching English as a Global Language: A Proposal Author: Natarajan, M11 Bharathidashan University Constituent College Trichy Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 158-165. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898287?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century, Central to this phenomenon was the emergence of the concept of "methods" of language teaching, The method concept in language teaching -- the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning -- is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods was a preoccupation of teachers and applied linguists throughout the 20th century. Howatt's (1984) overview documents the history of changes of practice in language teaching throughout history, bringing the chronology up through the Direct Method in the 20th century. One of the most lasting legacies of the Direct Method has been the notion of "method" itself. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as an International Language (22200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Direct Method of Language Teaching (19150) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Principles and Methodologies of Teaching English as a Global Language: A Proposal Correspondence author: Natarajan, M   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 158-165 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213396 ProQuest document ID: 1081898287 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898287?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Affirmative-Negative Expressions in Modern Tamil: A Study on Language Structure and Language Use Author: Karunakaran, K11 Faculty of Languages & Linguistics, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 1-11. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898405?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language structure displays different types of expressions in various sociocultural contexts and situations. Karunakaran focuses on the structure and use of affirmative/negative forms/expressions found in modern Tamil. As affirmative/negative distinction is quite prevalent and explicit in the day-to-day use of language, special emphasis becomes a must in language learning/teaching process. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tamil (87650); Language Use (44610) Classification: 5211: lexicography/lexicology; lexicology/phraseology Title: Affirmative-Negative Expressions in Modern Tamil: A Study on Language Structure and Language Use Correspondence author: Karunakaran, K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 1-11 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213747 ProQuest document ID: 1081898405 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898405?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative Language Teaching: An Approach Rather than a Method Author: Jameel, Altaf11 School of Humanities Department of English Singhania University Jhunjhunu 333516 Rajasthan, India altaf.jameel@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 522-529. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898949?accountid=50982 Abstract: English learning as a language of communication is aptly considered as an approach rather than a method. At designing and procedures, a very significant level of abstract uniformity could very easily be differentiated in the language and theory. The CLT, as an approach invites tremendous openness for individual analysis and disparities which other methods may possible not. Obviously CLT approach could be one edition among the various proposals for syllabus models, language drills, exercise types and classroom activities sure to gather wide appreciations in future. Thus licensing communicative teachings, similar to other allied teaching methods. Contrastingly analysis might give birth to homogenous subgroup. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Motivation (55580); Educational Activities (20910); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communicative Language Teaching: An Approach Rather than a Method Correspondence author: Jameel, Altaf   Author e-mail address: altaf.jameel@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 522-529 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213375 ProQuest document ID: 1081898949 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898949?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching (ELT) through Language Teaching Softwares (LTS) Author: Jayakumar, V11 SAMS College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 139-147. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898974?accountid=50982 Abstract: Jayakumar discusses the benefits of using language teaching software in the teaching of the English language. Computer software allows for reduced costs and learning at one's own pace, and it is also an an incredibly effective tool for language study because of the range of media involved and the opportunity for repeated practice until perfection is reached. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Computer Software (14360) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching (ELT) through Language Teaching Softwares (LTS) Correspondence author: Jayakumar, V   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 139-147 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213377 ProQuest document ID: 1081898974 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898974?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching World Englishes in Pakistan-A Global Criterion Author: Shahbaz, Muhammad1; Liu, Yongbing1 International Students' Dormitory, Room No. 623 Northeast Normal University Renmin Street, 5268, Changchun Jilin China, 130024 shahbazasian@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 454-464. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899033?accountid=50982 Abstract: There has been a great deal of discussion about the history and traditional ways of teaching English in Pakistan. However, this paper departs from tradition and argues for teaching of different varieties of global lingua franca (English) of post-modern era. Pakistani nation is facing a worst tsunami of economy and we suggest that a possible way to deal with this issue is the learning and teaching of global language and education, where English with different varieties is a must. We don't underestimate the importance of English speaking countries but at the same time we urge for giving due respect to the rest of the world which includes Europe, Africa and many Asian countries. Hence, global as well as local varieties of the language should be incorporated in learning and teaching of English to develop a better understanding of uses of English across different socio-cultural settings. Mostly, English is discussed in political scenario but we advocate for the economic benefits of teaching World Englishes. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pakistan (62200); Economic Factors (20600); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching World Englishes in Pakistan-A Global Criterion Correspondence author: Shahbaz, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: shahbazasian@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 454-464 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213410 ProQuest document ID: 1081899033 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899033?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching and Learning with New Technology and New Pedagogy and Creation of Global Learner in Pedo Community Author: Sharma, Somya1; Sanjayan, T S1 Govt First Grade College, Bangalore University Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 223-230. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899046?accountid=50982 Abstract: The authors discuss English language instruction in India and note that the decline on the standard of English has been commonly attributed to teaching methods. The aim of teaching, they argue, should be not to teach about language but to develop learners' abilities to make them capable of using the language for variety of communication purpose. They highlight the formation of Pedo Compunity Environment for language learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching and Learning with New Technology and New Pedagogy and Creation of Global Learner in Pedo Community Correspondence author: Sharma, Somya   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 223-230 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213412 ProQuest document ID: 1081899046 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899046?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching for Learners of the Digital Age Author: Ruben, E Justin11 Dept. of Humanities, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 148-157. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899234?accountid=50982 Abstract: Ruben discusses how, when practiced with technology, "language learning becomes a very effective way to enhance the basic communication proficiency of a learner." The philosophy of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) puts a strong emphasis on learner-centered lessons, and the Internet is quickly becoming the next step in the evolution of CALL. The growth of the Internet has facilitated the growth of the English language, and this has occurred at a time when computers are widely available. Ruben argues in favor of state-of-the-art Language Laboratories for learners to improve their basic communication proficiency. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Internet (37500); Computer Mediated Communication (14353) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching for Learners of the Digital Age Correspondence author: Ruben, E Justin   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 148-157 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213405 ProQuest document ID: 1081899234 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899234?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Discourse Analysis of Language Use in Advertisements Author: Chithra, A R11 Dept. of Linguistics, Government Arts College, Coimbatore Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 179-186. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899453?accountid=50982 Abstract: Chithra employs discourse analysis in an examination of advertising. Discourse analysis focuses on actual utterances and the processes make those utterances appear the way they do. By examining aspects of the world in which language is used, discourse analysts go "beyond" the sentence, drawing inferences about meaning from features of the discourse. Adapted from the source document Subject: Discourse Analysis (19200); Advertisements (00670) Classification: 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media/advertising; 4610: discourse analysis/text linguistics; discourse analysis Title: Discourse Analysis of Language Use in Advertisements Correspondence author: Chithra, A R   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 179-186 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213792 ProQuest document ID: 1081899453 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899453?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Alternative Connections: (Translating Emotion of Love in 'Kural') Author: Selvakumar, P11 IITS. Chennai Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 258-264. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899458?accountid=50982 Abstract: Translation is a process which transmits knowledge between languages that demands to be transferred (Source Language) and a language in which transfer taken place (Target Language). Taking a role of connecting knowledge of a language a transmitter who agrees to attempt to adjust the linguistic properties of both the languages should be an authenticated to convince with the parallel correspondence at mutual way in a dynamic manner. Dynamic manner adjudged by the cognition. Cognizing process apparently dealt with the internalization of thought and connections of relative ideas. In this context, internalization involves to meet all levels of linguistic and non-linguistic activity such as culture, society, psychology and other related existing knowledge. The knowledge of an individual may reflect in the result of the system of a translation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Emotions (21600); Poetry (66150); Literary Translation (49150); Translation Methods and Strategies (91310); Cognitive Linguistics (12900); Cognitive Processes (12950) Classification: 5715: poetics/literary theory; literary translation Title: Alternative Connections: (Translating Emotion of Love in 'Kural') Correspondence author: Selvakumar, P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 258-264 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213950 ProQuest document ID: 1081899458 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899458?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Cognitive Linguistic Abilities in an Elderly Population Author: Lagishetti, Sampath Kumar1; Venkatesh, Lakshmi1 Department of Speech Language Pathology All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Naimisham Campus, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006 Karnataka India lagishettisk@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 11, Iss. 12,  (December 2011): 477-494. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899498?accountid=50982 Abstract: Aging is an inevitable process of life, associated with special physical, emotional and social burdens imposed by mental decay in later life, and a general wear and tear at anatomical and functional levels. Some minimal changes in language abilities from a global communication point of view have been reported in literature. These changes are investigated in this study among Telugu-speaking persons. Eighty Telugu speaking adults were divided into 8 groups starting from 40 to 45 years until 75 to 80 years. Each group consisted of 5 males and 5 females. Each participant was tested individually on cognitive-linguistic skills using the Cognitive Linguistic Assessment Protocol -- Telugu (CLAP-T) adapted from the Cognitive Linguistic Assessment Protocol developed by Aruna (2001) for Kannada speaking adults and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised -- Telugu adapted [ACE-R (TA). Age related effects were observed in all domains of cognitive linguistic skills among Telugu speaking adults. The age group at which, first signs of decline in performance occurred differed across the domains. For example, decline in attention skills on tasks involving the visual modality and semantic memory tasks was observed first among participants in the age group of 70-to-75 years of age. Age effects were also observed in the analysis of data from individual subtests in the domains of attention, memory, problem solving and organization in CLAP-T. For example, participants in the age group of 75-to-80 years demonstrated lower performance across all tasks in comparison to the other participants. A significant age effect was observed for all subtests across all domains of ACE-R (TA). This study showed that cognitive skills declined from 40 to 80 years. CLAP-T can be used as assessment tool for identifying cognitive deficits in persons with cognitive communication disorders. This would help in planning intervention programs for persons with cognitive communication disorders. Adapted from the source document Subject: Telugu (88320); Cognitive Linguistics (12900); Elderly (21350); Aging (01188); Language Proficiency (43570); Semantic Memory (76750); Communication Disorders (13625); Age Effects (01152) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology; 4012: psycholinguistics; language and cognition/cognitive linguistics Title: Cognitive Linguistic Abilities in an Elderly Population Correspondence author: Lagishetti, Sampath Kumar   Author e-mail address: lagishettisk@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Pages: 477-494 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2011 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201214013 ProQuest document ID: 1081899498 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899498?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Testing and Evaluation: A Significant Characteristic of Language Learning and Teaching Author: Rahman, Md Motiur1; Gautam, Arvind Kumar1 Assistant Professor Department of English Faculty of Social Science & Arts Qassim University Qassim, Unaizah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 432-442. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897225?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with Testing and Evaluation which is an important aspect of the process of language learning and teaching. A Linguistics approach to language teaching is a scientific and objective approach and is based on the theoretical knowledge of Linguistics. Since language testing involves language, one cannot ignore the assumptions of Linguistics. Linguistics has to offer many things to the teaching of native and foreign languages. Similarly it is also recognized that Linguistics can be of great help in evolving the methodology of the construction of language tests. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Tests (44250); Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Learning (75850); Linguistics (47900) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Testing and Evaluation: A Significant Characteristic of Language Learning and Teaching Correspondence author: Rahman, Md Motiur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 432-442 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213292 ProQuest document ID: 1081897225 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897225?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Status of Bangla and the English Language in Post-Colonial Bangladesh-Resistance versus Utility Author: Hasan, Sheikh Mehedi1; Rahaman, Adilur1 The English and Foreign Languages University Hyderabad-500605 Andhra Pradesh, India mehedi_08@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 14-23. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897798?accountid=50982 Abstract: There has been a considerable debate in the postcolonial world as to the language choice of the writers, since there is an inseparable connection between language, ideology and identity. Ngugi Wa Thiong'O (1986) argues that people should write in their ethnic languages to liberate their productive forces from foreign controls. On the contrary, Chinua Achebe is concerned with the pragmatic necessity of English. Bangladesh, being a former colony of Anglophone Empire, is not free from this debate. In this study, the issues like how a language hegemonizes a community, how the imperial language in Bangladesh operates to re-colonize the mind of people are, addressed. Moreover, the paper examines the present status of Bangla in the face of the spread of English in Bangladesh and leaves the question of resisting linguistic imperialism to be considered. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); English (21900); Bengali (08200); Language Status (43920); Colonialism (13410); Linguistic Identity (47470); Language Ideology (42670) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: The Status of Bangla and the English Language in Post-Colonial Bangladesh-Resistance versus Utility Correspondence author: Hasan, Sheikh Mehedi   Author e-mail address: mehedi_08@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 14-23 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213886 ProQuest document ID: 1081897798 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897798?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Learning-Second Language Acquisition Author: Jha, Smita11 Assistant Professor Department of Humanities & Social Sciences IIT, Roorkee Uttrakhand India smitaiitr@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 608-622. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897983?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights the theories of second language acquisition, which have traditionally been the offspring of general linguistic theory, sometimes supplemented by insights from psychology. Behaviorism is a general language-learning principle that states there is no difference between the way one learns a language and the way one learns to do anything else. On the other hand, mentalism goes against behaviorism almost wholesale, point by point. The mentalists contend that people learn a language, 'not because they are subjected to a similar conditioning process, but because they possess an inborn capacity which permits them to acquire a language as a normal maturational process.' Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Learning Theories (75860); Behavioristic Linguistic Theory (07950); Language Acquisition (41600) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English); 4710: theory of linguistics; linguistics pedagogy, philosophy, and theory Title: Language Learning-Second Language Acquisition Correspondence author: Jha, Smita   Author e-mail address: smitaiitr@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 608-622 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213269 ProQuest document ID: 1081897983 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897983?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Teaching of Linguistics in India-An Evaluation of the Course Content of Papers in Seven Indian Universities Author: Tasildar, Ravindra B11 S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College Sangamner-422 605 District: Ahmednagar Maharashtra India ravishmi1@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 519-526. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897991?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to evaluate the teaching of linguistics in Indian universities vis-a-vis the current needs of the students. The discipline of English Studies in India is now more than two hundred years old, and for more than fifty years, study groups and committees appointed to review English studies in India have persistently recommended the incorporation of linguistics in the B.A. (Special English) course.There are mainly two reasons for the inclusion of linguistics in the B.A.(Special English) course: (1) the failure of literary studies to develop the linguistic competence of the students; and (2) the inclination of majority of the students of B.A. (Special English) towards entering the teaching profession. Thus, Tasildar contends that the purpose of introducing linguistics at the undergraduate level in Indian universities is mainly to develop the linguistic competence of prospective English teachers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Education (87850); India (35100); Higher Education (31750); Linguistics (47900); Curriculum Planning (16780); English as a Second Language (22100) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: The Teaching of Linguistics in India-An Evaluation of the Course Content of Papers in Seven Indian Universities Correspondence author: Tasildar, Ravindra B   Author e-mail address: ravishmi1@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 519-526 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213227 ProQuest document ID: 1081897991 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081897991?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ How to Utilize Films in Language Learning Classes? Author: Bahrani, Taher1; Soltani, Rahmatollah1 Department of English, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 492-498. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898037?accountid=50982 Abstract: Although the initial purpose of making various audiovisual mass media programs is to entertain various audiences, the pedagogical value embedded in different programs such as films for language learning is worth considering. The use of films to motivate and encourage language learners has been emphasized by many researchers. In the same line, various films can be utilized as a source of authentic language input for language learning. Accordingly, the present paper aims at introducing some simple steps towards the better use of films in developing language proficiency in conversation courses. In this regard, the advantages of using films as a source of authentic language input are considered first. Then, the role of the teacher is explored and some teaching suggestions are offered. Moreover, an extensive list of some criteria for selecting various parts of different films which can best help language learners enhance the language proficiency will also be introduced. The paper will conclude by introducing some teaching tips in order to enhance the application of films in language learning classrooms. Adapted from the source document Subject: Films (24300); Language Teaching Materials (43950); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Second Language Instruction (75700); Mass Media (51500); Conversation Courses (15610) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: How to Utilize Films in Language Learning Classes? Correspondence author: Bahrani, Taher   Author e-mail address: taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 492-498 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213234 ProQuest document ID: 1081898037 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898037?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bilingualism and Language Maintenance in Barak Valley, Assam-A Case Study on Rongmei Author: Deb, Debajit11 Dept. of Linguistics Assam University Silchar 788011 Assam debojit.rm@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 186-192. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898126?accountid=50982 Abstract: Rongmeis are one of the linguistic groups of Northeast India which constitute an important ethnic group in the region. They were considered as the aborigines of Barak Valley (this valley includes three districts of Assam, namely, Cachar, Karimgang and Hailakandi) and even today they are an integral part of the Barak Valley diaspora. Rongmei is one of the tribes of Zeliangrong Naga. Zeliangrong is a name given to the amalgamation of three tribes, namely, Zeme, Liangmai and Rongmei. The Rongmei population has been divided into a number of exogamous clans: Kamei, Gonmei, Gangmei, Ruammei, Dahengmei, Golmei, Panmei and Reammei. Rongmei Nagas have their own language, and they also speak Sylheti Bengali. As the area has large Sylheti Bengali population, the lingua franca is Sylheti Bengali, and almost all the Rongmeis are bilinguals. It is also to be noted that those who are educated and who went out in search of jobs can also speak English and Hindi. It should be mentioned here that Bengali is the dominant language in Barak Valley and Rongmei is highly influenced by Bengalis. For the fact, Rongmei people used to borrow some lexical items to fulfill the needs of their day to day communication. The present paper attempts to discuss the issues of language maintenance by the bilingual Rongmeis of Barak Valley, Assam. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bengali (08200); Bilingualism (08850); Language Maintenance (42950); Indigenous Populations (35350); Indigenous Languages (35320); Sociolinguistics (80200); India (35100); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); English (21900); Hindi (31950) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Bilingualism and Language Maintenance in Barak Valley, Assam-A Case Study on Rongmei Correspondence author: Deb, Debajit   Author e-mail address: debojit.rm@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 186-192 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213831 ProQuest document ID: 1081898126 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898126?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological Variation of Lexical Items in Bodo and Dimasa: A Brief Note Author: Brahma, Pratima11 Department of Linguistics Assam University Silchar 788011 Assam India pratimabrahma@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 478-491. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898151?accountid=50982 Abstract: Ethnically, Bodo and Dimasa are of Mongoloid origin and their languages belong to the Bodo sub-section of the Bodo-Naga section under the Assam-Burmese group of the Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan or Tibeto-Chinese language family (Grierson 1903). The Tibeto-Burman group of languages have close affinities with languages likes Bodo, Garo, Kok-Borok, Lalung, Sonowal, Rabha, Mech, Deori, etc. Among them, Bodo, Dimasa and Kok-Borok are closer to each other than other languages of the group as far as their lexical items are concerned. However, in this paper, phonological variation of the Bodo and Dimasa will be discussed and other Tibeto-Burman languages are not covered at all. The phonemic features of Bodo and Dimasa are analyzed in this paper by taking similar lexical items into consideration. The specimens present a number of features in respect of vowels, semivowels, consonant and stress-accents. These are described under the headings of vowel shifting, vowel deletion, consonant deletion, voicing, devoicing, vowel deletion, consonant deletion, monophthongisation, etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Language Variation (44640); Phonology (65250); Vowels (95650); Lexical Phonology (46750) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics; 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Phonological Variation of Lexical Items in Bodo and Dimasa: A Brief Note Correspondence author: Brahma, Pratima   Author e-mail address: pratimabrahma@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 478-491 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213614 ProQuest document ID: 1081898151 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898151?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Standard Colloquial Bengali and Chatkhil Dialect: A Comparative Phonological Study Author: Rashel, Md Mostafa11 Department of English Daffodil International University 4/2, Sobhanbag, Prince Plaza 3rd Floor, Dhanmondi Dhaka-1207 Bangladesh mmrashel2012@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 77-92. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898197?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bengali is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-European language family. Bengali has several dialects and sister languages. Chatkhil dialect in Noakhali region is one of them. Chatkhil dialect (CD) is a different dialect in Noakhali district for its individual phonological, morphological and syntactical features. In this paper I have tried to comparison between Standard Colloquial Bengali Language (SCB) and Chatkhil Dialect on the aspects of phonological features. There are some significant rules to determine consonants and vowel phonemes and allophones in this dialect. These entries components are discussed in this paper from the aspects of field linguistics. Adapted from the source document Subject: Regional Dialects (72100); Bengali (08200); Phonological Analysis (64950); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Colloquial Language (13300); Diglossia (18850); Diphthongs (18950) Classification: 5117: descriptive linguistics; dialectology; 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Standard Colloquial Bengali and Chatkhil Dialect: A Comparative Phonological Study Correspondence author: Rashel, Md Mostafa   Author e-mail address: mmrashel2012@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 77-92 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213704 ProQuest document ID: 1081898197 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898197?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Emerging Global Scenario and English Language Teaching in India Author: Kumar, Sanjiv11 Assistant Professor Department of English Central University of Haryana Narnaul, Pin code: 123001 District: Mohindergarh Haryana India sanjivkumarcuh@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 567-574. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898239?accountid=50982 Abstract: Kumar examines the spread of English as an international language, specifically highlighting the role of English in India. Indians are now speaking English more than any other language except Hindi, and Indian English-speakers are more than twice the UK's population. The post-independence anti English campaign has become a thing of past as even the most nationalist parties have redefined their approach in defense of English. Kumar argues that the traditional syllabi and methods of teaching English need to be given a fresh look by incorporating more communicative components. The focus should be shifted from traditional practices in English studies (when British literature was given more prominence) to a pragmatic approach to English language teaching. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Globalization (28120); English as an International Language (22200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Emerging Global Scenario and English Language Teaching in India Correspondence author: Kumar, Sanjiv   Author e-mail address: sanjivkumarcuh@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 567-574 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213384 ProQuest document ID: 1081898239 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898239?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Review on Learning Style Preferences for EFL Language Learners in Online Context Author: Moharrer, Zahra11 Department of English Language Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran z.moharrer@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 527-548. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898276?accountid=50982 Abstract: The developments in technology with prompt growth of the Internet use in education have resulted in a proliferation in distance education. Distance learning can be a real alternative to on-campus learning provided that programme designers do not neglect the core issues of education, i.e., the accommodation of learners' needs and requirements. Addressing learning styles of individuals help the instructor respond appropriately to learners' expectations and recognize the patterns in which learners tend to concentrate more. Lack of close monitoring of learners in distance education and observing their step by step progress can create problems for those students who are not properly equipped to take charge of their own learning process. Undoubtedly, this adjustment for EFL learners involving in conventional face-to-face English classrooms is not easy and may lead to more challenges and struggles on the part of learners. The current research on different learning style models aims at investigating which of the frequently cited models might be more appropriate to an EFL context. Therefore, it may be of particular interest to e-instructors and instructional designers of online education, especially in the context of the study, Iran, to find out which learning style model might be more suitable. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Distance Learning (19530); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Learning Strategies (46000); Iran (38300); Curriculum Planning (16780); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Internet (37500) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Review on Learning Style Preferences for EFL Language Learners in Online Context Correspondence author: Moharrer, Zahra   Author e-mail address: z.moharrer@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 527-548 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213393 ProQuest document ID: 1081898276 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898276?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Assessment of English Teaching Methodologies at Secondary Level in Bangladesh Author: Mondal, Nitish Kumar11 English Discipline Khulna University Khulna-9208 Bangladesh nitish.english@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 310-327. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898280?accountid=50982 Abstract: The objective of the project was to assess English teaching methodologies at secondary level in Bangladesh. A number of teachers were included both from rural and urban areas in the sample. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire was prepared. Data collection through the questionnaire was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by applying percentage. Though a number of teaching methods were used at secondary level, the findings showed that the present method named "Communicative Language Teaching" used on the Secondary education in Bangladesh was not suitable for the current text book of English, where interaction between the teachers and the students were lacked of and two skills like reading and writing were applied only. This paper also discovered that teachers were not using this method wholeheartedly. Then the current method needed to be improved with adding grammar and literary piece, which could be applied through technological aspects. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Secondary Education (76300); Bangladesh (07450); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Language Textbooks (44300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Assessment of English Teaching Methodologies at Secondary Level in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Mondal, Nitish Kumar   Author e-mail address: nitish.english@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 310-327 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2 940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213394 ProQuest document ID: 1081898280 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898280?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Revisiting the Making of Hindi as a 'National' Language Author: Teli, Ganpat11 Centre of Indian Language School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Delhi-110067 ganpat.ac@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 1-13. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898285?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the first quarter of last the century a consciousness building campaign was started among the literate people of north India. At that time as a result of a long lobbying process, Hindi language and Nagari Script had already been recognized the purpose of official usage. Thus, the leadership of this lobby started to demand a new status of the National Language for Hindi written in Nagari script. In the contest for the National Language status, Hindustani and Urdu languages were counterparts of Hindi. Supporters of both the languages -- Hindi and Urdu -- symbolized them with Hindu and Muslim community respectively. On the other side, Hindustani which was a colloquial language was supported by the camp of progressive writers and Gandhi. Strong supporters of Hindi opposed the idea of Hindustani and advocated the usage of Sanskritized Hindi. They argued that Sanskrit is the pure and divine language of Hindus, so only Sanskritized Hindi can bear the cultural heritage of the community. They subscribed to the logic of Devvani and Mother Language. At the time of this debate the literacy level in India was very low. On other side, the supporters of Hindi were preparing a Language which was highly Sankritized, but did not belong to the common people, especially the marginalized groups of both Hindu and Muslim communities. This happened because Sanskrit language and its words were not used in large scale on a daily basis. The Sanskritized Hindi not only marginalized people of non-privileged social strata socially and economically, but also deprived them the opportunity to become a part of the knowledge process. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); National Languages (56300); Official Languages (60500); Language Planning (43400); India (35100); Language Policy (43450); Cultural Factors (16500); Social Factors (79910); Political Factors (66453) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Revisiting the Making of Hindi as a 'National' Language Correspondence author: Teli, Ganpat   Author e-mail address: ganpat.ac@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-13 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213900 ProQuest document ID: 1081898285 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898285?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Diaspora Literature to ESL Students-An Overview Author: Abiraami, J11 English Faculty of Engineering Avinashilingam University for Women Coimbatore 641027 Tamilnadu India dhyanabi@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 46-50. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898350?accountid=50982 Abstract: Migration is a customary and acknowledged activity not only of animals and birds but also of human beings. It has been taking place since the historical past because it is a necessary and inevitable part of the developmental process. It is argued that people's movements contribute to the prosperity and a better way of life for the migrants. The origin of the English language began, only when the people who were living around the Black Sea moved towards Western and Eastern direction by around 3000 BC. The movement formed the Indo-European family of languages, from which the English Language evolved. The term diaspora is synonym to the term migration. Migration -- the human face of globalization attempts to show the relationship between culture and development. Traditions may undergo changes due to the change of social environment. Though migrants had enriched their social and economic status, migration also accentuates inequalities and losing their own identity in hostile environment. This paper explores the issues in defining diaspora and diaspora literature, outlines connections between diaspora writers and offers reasons for teaching diaspora literature to ESL students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Diaspora (18770); Literature (49250); Migrants (54030); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Globalization (28120); Indo European Languages (35400); English (21900); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Cultural Instruction (16580) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Diaspora Literature to ESL Students-An Overview Correspondence author: Abiraami, J   Author e-mail address: dhyanabi@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 46-50 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213355 ProQuest document ID: 1081898350 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898350?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Stating the Research Problem: A Genre-based Study of English Language Author: Coker, Wincharles1; Coker, Wilhelmina1 Department of Communication Studies University of Cape Coast Ghana wincoker@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 509-518. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898780?accountid=50982 Abstract: Despite the numerous studies on such academic genres as the research abstract, introduction and literature review, the rhetorical section of the statement of the research problem has received little attention. To fill this gap, we examined the schematic structure and communicative purpose of the statement of the research problem section of Master of Philosophy in English Language theses at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Data which were made up of twenty theses were collected randomly from the Department of English library. Based on Swales's (1990) CARS model, the analysis of the data showed that the statement of the research problem section exhibited two core moves, and that students showed an appreciable knowledge of both the pedagogical and communicative importance of the rhetorical unit. These findings, thus, have implications for further research in genre studies and serves as useful material for instructors in teaching and in bringing to the notice of their students the generic importance of stating the research problem. Adapted from the source document Subject: English for Academic Purposes (22270); Academic Writing (00072); Genre Analysis (27610); Rhetoric (73300); Written Language Instruction (99200); Discourse/Text Genres (19280); Ghana (28000) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Stating the Research Problem: A Genre-based Study of English Language Correspondence author: Coker, Wincharles   Author e-mail address: wincoker@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 509-518 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213312 ProQuest document ID: 1081898780 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898780?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ "I almost learnt to learn": Promoting Learner's Autonomy through Project Based Learning in Access Classrooms Author: Imtiaz, Sana1; Asif, Saiqa Imtiaz1 National University of Modern Languages Multan, Pakistan Instructor, English Access Micro-scholarship Program, Multan, Pakistan sanaimtiaz_7@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 24-45. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898940?accountid=50982 Abstract: Project Based Learning as a method of language teaching has gained momentum in the last couple of decades. The method promises teaching not only language skills but life skills such as communication skills, team building and independent learning. The paper explores the impacts of Project Based Learning in English Access Classrooms, a project funded by the State Department of United States for the students studying in public sector schools in Multan, Pakistan. The results of the Project Based Learning are assessed by the analysis of data collected from the students through questionnaires and interviews. The results indicated that the project based learning played a prominent role in not only improving the language skills of the students but it also made them autonomous learners. Based on the results of the study, Project-Based Learning as a teaching method is strongly recommended for other similar English Access classrooms. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: "I almost learnt to learn": Promoting Learner's Autonomy through Project Based Learning in Access Classrooms Correspondence author: Imtiaz, Sana   Author e-mail address: sanaimtiaz_7@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 24-45 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213374 ProQuest document ID: 1081898940 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898940?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Causes of Secondary Students' Failure in Learning English in Bangladesh: An M.A. Dissertation Author: Kabir, Mian Md Naushaad11 ELT, Doctoral Researcher Teaching Assistant The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad Hyderabad 500605, AP, India naushaadk@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 193-269. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898986?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is one of the most used languages in the world. In Bangladesh, English is introduced here at the primary level and its inclusion continues till the tertiary level of education. A student has to study English as a compulsory subject for ten years to pass the S.S.C. exam. At the secondary level in Bangladesh, English is taught for five years followed by the curriculum of the primary level that includes the learning of English for five years as well. However, after ten years' schooling of English, most of the students fail in English in the S.S.C. exam. Even if they pass, they get very poor marks. However, the students who pass and somehow get good marks do not seem to reflect their achievement practically. They can neither speak fluently and naturally nor understand English when they are not spoken to nor comprehend the meaning of what they read nor can they interpret the reading materials. They cannot write correctly and speak out their feelings and opinions. As a result, they do not learn English at all and reach the target stage that they were supposed to by the end of their curriculum. They pass the examination but actually they are unable to use the language. An empirical study of the causes of the secondary students failure in learning English is done. Schools are visited, and data are collected through questionnaire surveys and interviews of the teachers, students and guardians; data are analysed, and finally presented to reveal the causes of their failure. Adapted from the source document Subject: Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English Proficiency (22335); Bangladesh (07450); Secondary School Students (76400); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Causes of Secondary Students' Failure in Learning English in Bangladesh: An M.A. Dissertation Correspondence author: Kabir, Mian Md Naushaad   Author e-mail address: naushaadk@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 193-269 Number of pages: 77 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930 -2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213378 ProQuest document ID: 1081898986 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081898986?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Interactive Whiteboard Technology in English Language Teaching Classrooms in India Author: Sharma, Archana11 IIMT Engineering College Meerut Uttar Pradesh India asbms@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 93-99. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899039?accountid=50982 Abstract: As English has become the connecting language in India and teaching English is an important sector in the education field, English teachers are facing various challenges either from existing technology or from students or from pedagogy etc. To face existing challenges, new methodology has been evolved to overcome the problem but success is not guaranteed. Educationists are not lacking behind in incorporating the technology in teaching English. This paper will discuss one of the latest technical equipment, the Interactive Whiteboard (hereafter IWB), which is speedily being adopted in schools and institutions. It will also look at some possible advantages and disadvantages of using IWB. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Classroom Communication (12250); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Interactive Whiteboard Technology in English Language Teaching Classrooms in India Correspondence author: Sharma, Archana   Author e-mail address: asbms@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 93-99 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213411 ProQuest document ID: 1081899039 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899039?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effect of L2 Learning on Learners' Perception of Culture-A Case of Iranian Young Learners Compared with Their Parents Author: Zarei, Gholam Reza11 English Language Centre Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran zareigr@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 127-138. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899126?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current paper is intended to investigate if learners of English who have been taught special books (Interchange Series) would come to perceive cultural issues differently compared with their parents as their regular cultural guides. To conduct the study, a researcher constructed questionnaire of cultural components was administered to the two groups of participants. The first group involved English language learners about to complete the 3 volume Interchange Series program in a language institute. The second group consisted of the learners' parents who did not know English except for a few grammatical rules or some general greeting and basic interpersonal sentences. The results indicated that learning English extensively transforms the language learners' perceptions of cultural issues as compared with their parents whose cultural perceptions were domestically inclined. It can be concluded that textbooks may make learners conceptualize the world as portrayed therein. Adapted from the source document Subject: Parent Attitudes (62759); Student Attitudes (84725); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Iran (38300); Cultural Factors (16500); Cultural Instruction (16580) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effect of L2 Learning on Learners' Perception of Culture-A Case of Iranian Young Learners Compared with Their Parents Correspondence author: Zarei, Gholam Reza   Author e-mail address: zareigr@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 127-138 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213421 ProQuest document ID: 1081899126 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899126?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Use of the Passive by Female and Male Indian Speakers of English: Are Female Speakers of Indian English Less Formal? Author: Kawale, Rohit11 Associate Professor & Head Department of English Sangamner College Sangamner Maharashtra 422605 India rohit.kawale@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 1,  (January 2012): 632-636. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899463?accountid=50982 Abstract: The passive voice in English has attracted the attention of a number of grammarians. Especially, the frequency of the passive in English has been studied extensively by some grammarians, like Svartvik (1966). Based on the model of the study of the passive in English used by Svartvik (1966), the use of the passive in Indian English was analysed. The analysis was based on data collected from the two corpora of Indian English. The study was focused on the form, function and frequency of the passive in Indian English. For analysing the use of the passive, texts from various registers in spoken and written English were selected. While analysing the data collected from conversations, it was found that the passive is used less frequently in conversations in English among only female Indian speakers, compared with conversations among only male speakers of English. This paper aims at giving the findings regarding the use of the passive by female and male Indian speakers of English and also connecting it with the formality scale. It may be concluded that the frequency of the passive is indicative of the amount of colloquiality. Therefore, it implies that female Indian speakers are less formal than male speakers in their conversations in English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sex Differences (77850); Conversation Analysis (15605); Indian English (35150); Passive Voice (62900); Language Usage (44600); Oral Language (61300); Formality (Language) (25290) Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: The Use of the Passive by Female and Male Indian Speakers of English: Are Female Speakers of Indian English Less Formal? Correspondence author: Kawale, Rohit   Author e-mail address: rohit.kawale@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 632-636 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2012-10-01 Accession number: 201213909 ProQuest document ID: 1081899463 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1081899463?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Measuring the Whole Word Complexity in Tulu Speaking Children between 3 to 4 Years of Age Author: Shastry, Anuradha1; Nayak, Shruthi; Veena, K D; John, Sunila1 Father Muller College of Speech and Hearing, A unit of Father Muller Charitable Institutions, Kankanady, Mangalore-575002 shastryanuradha@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 715-725. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477110?accountid=50982 Abstract: The utility of whole word complexity measures in studying the phonological acquisition is gaining importance in child language development research. The present study aims to explore phonological whole word complexity measures (PMLU, PWP & PWC) in sixty, 3-4 year old Tulu speaking children stratified into four age bands. The whole word complexity measures were estimated on picture naming task. A statistical significant increase in scores was noted amongst the four age groups for all the whole word complexity measures considered for the study. The comparison of scores in Tulu with earlier research in Kannada indicated a lower score, which was attributed to difference in the syllable structure, sample size and variation in the total number of segments attempted by the children. These measures have the potential to discover aspects of phonological acquisition that have been missed due to the focus on segments. Hence, normative data should be established specific to a language for different age groups using larger sample size. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phonological Processing (65110); Complexity (13922); Native Language Instruction (56400); Children (11850); Dravidian Languages (19800); Naming (56135); Child Language (11800); Kannada (40400) Classification: 4015: psycholinguistics; child language acquisition Title: Measuring the Whole Word Complexity in Tulu Speaking Children between 3 to 4 Years of Age Correspondence author: Shastry, Anuradha   Author e-mail address: shastryanuradha@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 715-725 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309351 ProQuest document ID: 1373477110 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477110?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing Literary Competence-The Role of Reading: Implications for Classroom Teaching Author: Gayathri, S11 Research Scholar, Department of English, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India bssgayathri@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 242-250. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477358?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights the inter-relatedness of language and literature in order to identify the strategies that can be used to develop both linguistic and literary competence in learners, specifically learners of English as a second language in India. This paper also examines how the skill of reading can be developed and used for realizing the objectives of both literature and language education. Reading can be an effective tool in the understanding of the role of literary texts and aid in the acquisition of literary competence. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Reading (75930); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Reading Instruction (75950); Literature (49250) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: Developing Literary Competence-The Role of Reading: Implications for Classroom Teaching Correspondence author: Gayathri, S   Author e-mail address: bssgayathri@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 242-250 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309566 ProQuest document ID: 1373477358 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477358?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Evolution of Language Laws in Post-Independence India: A Monograph Author: Mallikarjun, B11 Centre for Classical Kannada, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga-585 106, Karnataka, India mallikarjun56@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 1-90. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477446?accountid=50982 Abstract: This monograph involves a detailed analysis of legal issues governing the use of language in different domains in India. Information relating to language policy and law is provided, and the ways these laws and policies relate to India's linguistic, social, political, legal, and economic situation are highlighted. The context of India is also compared and contrasted with that of other multilingual situations across the world. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Language Policy (43450); Sociolinguistics (80200); Law (45680); Social Factors (79910); Political Factors (66453); Economic Factors (20600) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: The Evolution of Language Laws in Post-Independence India: A Monograph Correspondence author: Mallikarjun, B   Author e-mail address: mallikarjun56@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 1-90 Number of pages: 90 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Jour nals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310298 ProQuest document ID: 1373477446 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477446?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Agraphia and Anomia in Bilingual Individual with Left Temporal Lobe Lesion-A Case Report Author: Sebastian, Swapna1; Chengappa, Shyamala; Kumar, Sunil; Ballraj, Achamma1 Audio Vestibular Unit, Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore- 632004, Tamil Nadu, India swapna_santhosh@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 706-714. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477536?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study reveals the case report of a 39 year old man with intracerebral hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe. He is a bilingual anomic aphasic patient with Malayalam as mother tongue and English as second language. There was a discrepancy in the scores between the tasks of automatic writing vs word retrieval writing in Malayalam and English. Lexical interference (borrowing of entire word from Malayalam) was found while writing English words in the subtest of written word retrieval of function words (grammatical words). Deficits in writing in the two different languages, i.e., English and Malayalam were definitely different. The scores for the subtest of written word retrieval of function words (grammatical words) was better for English language whereas the scores were better in Malayalam for other writing tasks associated with semantics. This difference in scores raises the question whether deficits can differ between syntax and semantics in different languages. Comparison need to be done in future research studies regarding the performance on oral production across languages so that a better understanding will be available whether the difference in the script is accountable to the difference in the scores or the language as such. Adapted from the source document Subject: Anomia (03225); Aphasia (03400); Bilingualism (08850); Syntactic Processing (86760); Semantic Processing (76760); Lexical Access (46630); Malayalam (50770); English (21900) Classification: 6414: language-pathological and normal; aphasia; 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Agraphia and Anomia in Bilingual Individual with Left Temporal Lobe Lesion-A Case Report Correspondence author: Sebastian, Swapna   Author e-mail address: swapna_santhosh@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 706-714 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310608 ProQuest document ID: 1373477536 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477536?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Manual for Enhancement of Syntax in Tamil for Children with Language Impairments Author: Vedhasorubini, K1; Chengappa, Shyamala K1 Lecturer, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Madras ENT Research Foundation-Institute of Speech & Hearing, 1/1, South Canal Bank Road, Mandavelipakkam, Chennai-600028, Tamilnadu, India vedha208@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 641-705. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477569?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a manual for enhancing the ability of linguistically delayed or deviant children to comprehend and express the sentence structures appropriate to the age. The method of this study included three phases. The first phase included development of a manual incorporating different Tamil markers and pictures for them. The markers included were pronouns, adjectives, tenses, adverbs, case markers and postpositions. Second phase included a pilot study with the manual in which thirty school going Tamil speaking children in the age range of 2.6 to 5.6 years served as subjects. Third phase included incorporating modifications or corrections of the stimuli (pictures) following the pilot study. The pilot study was carried out using four different tasks, viz., choosing the correct answer, judgment, description and imitation. The results showed the developmental trend across the three age groups for selected markers. But the performance was also found varying between the tasks across different age groups. Adapted from the source document Subject: Children (11850); Language Impairment (42700); Tamil (87650); Syntax (86800); Grammar Instruction (28550); Native Language Instruction (56400); Delayed Language Acquisition (17950) Classification: 4111: applied linguistics; native language instruction; 6510: learning disabilities; learning disabilities Title: Manual for Enhancement of Syntax in Tamil for Children with Language Impairments Correspondence author: Vedhasorubini, K   Author e-mail address: vedha208@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 641-705 Number of pages: 65 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309464 ProQuest document ID: 1373477569 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477569?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Folktales, Translation and Glocalisation Author: Daisy11 BPS Memorial Girls' College, BPS Women University, Khanpur Kalan (Sonipat)-131305, Haryana, India daisynehra@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 185-194. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477575?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article examines the role of English in globalization, as the language has become the de facto choice of international communication. As a result of this, much English literature has been translated into other languages of the world. However, a vast body of works in regional languages still await translation into English. This article examines the situation in India, where English has become the most commonly spoken language after Hindi. Indian regional literature is rich and diverse, but there is a surprisingly small number of quality translations of this repertoire into English. The translation of such works, which is the focus of this article, does not only enrich India's national literature but also contributes substantially to world literature. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Literary Translation (49150); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 5715: poetics/literary theory; literary translation Title: Folktales, Translation and Glocalisation Correspondence author: Daisy   Author e-mail address: daisynehra@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 185-194 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310367 ProQuest document ID: 1373477575 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477575?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Errors in the Writing of English at the Degree Level: Pakistani Teachers' Perspective Author: Butt, Muhammad Iqbal1; Rasul, Sarwet1 Govt. Zamindar Postgraduate College, Gujrat, Pakistan profib@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 195-216. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477835?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching of English has always occupied a special place in the education system of Pakistan. English language is taught in Pakistan as a compulsory subject from grade six (and in some cases from grade one onwards) to degree level. However, students fail to acquire the required competence in the area of writing skills due to the absence of any systematic process and lack of implementation of error analysis system. Students blamed the education system and the teachers for their inability to write grammatically correct English even at degree level. However, the teachers have their own part of the story. In this backdrop the current paper examines the perspective of teachers on the existing situation of writing skills of degree level students of the University of Punjab (Pakistan) in four selected districts of the province of Punjab. For this purpose semi-structured interviews are used as tool and ten teachers (five male and five female) teaching English at degree level in different Government Degree Colleges are interviewed. The interviews are divided into two parts: part 1 provides demographic details of interviewees whereas part 2 provides insights into the problem under four sub-themes related to current practices, problems of the teacher, teachers' viewpoint, and overall suggestions. The research is mainly qualitative in nature though some quantitative dimensions are also explored that support the qualitative claims. It is expected that the research will explore the teachers' voices and experiences; and will provide insight into the issues of errors committed by the students and need for error analysis at degree level in Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Pakistan (62200); Written Language Instruction (99200); Second Language Writing (76180); College Students (13250); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Higher Education (31750); Academic Writing (00072) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Errors in the Writing of English at the Degree Level: Pakistani Teachers' Perspective Correspondence author: Butt, Muhammad Iqbal   Author e-mail address: profib@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 195-216 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309609 ProQuest document ID: 1373477835 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477835?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Revisiting English Education amidst Various Local Languages: Situation in Manipur State Author: Haokip, Thenkhogin11 Department of Education, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India ginneo@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 404-417. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477843?accountid=50982 Abstract: Modern education started by the colonial powers during nineteenth century in the state of Manipur has made tremendous progress. It has also led to the introduction of English language and English education in the state. The present article looks into the present status of English Education in the state -- the governmental as well as the private institutions, and the use of English language in the state. This paper deals with the state of English language in the state of Manipur through the study of English education along with the educational status of various languages in the state. While deeper observation revealed the pathetic conditions of some governmental schools, the gaps were mended by the private schools. English has played an important role in the written languages of the different communities in the state. It has acted as a link language for most tribals in the hills. The diversity of languages in Manipur has also favored English to be in the vital spotlight both in written and spoken. Despite many difficulties, English education is still in demand and is progressing both in the hills and the valley. English as a subject as well as a medium of instruction has gained best preference in the state. Governmental reports, articles, write-ups including the author's own personal observations and experiences beside various other secondary sources have been consulted as sources in formation and analysis of this article. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Educational Policy (20940); India (35100); Language Arts (41700); Language Policy (43450); Language Status (43920) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy; 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Revisiting English Education amidst Various Local Languages: Situation in Manipur State Correspondence author: Haokip, Thenkhogin   Author e-mail address: ginneo@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 404-417 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309431 ProQuest document ID: 1373477843 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477843?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Importance of English in India Author: Syam, Nilanjana11 Department of Education, Assam University, Silchar 788004, District: Cachar, Assam, India nilanjanasyam81@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 455-464. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478043?accountid=50982 Abstract: The English language still enjoys an important position in India and will obviously continue to do so for a considerable period of time. It is a lingua franca for a country in which many languages are spoken and diverse cultures and ethnic groups co-exist. English fulfills a large number of utilitarian purposes in a way not possible through any other languages of India. In almost two hundred years of co-existence in India, English can no longer be called a foreign language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Status (43920); English as an International Language (22200); India (35100); Indian English (35150) Classification: 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages Title: Importance of English in India Correspondence author: Syam, Nilanjana   Author e-mail address: nilanjanasyam81@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 455-464 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310096 ProQuest document ID: 1373478043 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478043?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Grammatical Deviations in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot Author: Akhter, Saira1; Hayat, Mazhar1 Lecturer in English, Govt College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan sairalinks@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 745-770. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478056?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research article deals with the stylistic analysis of Samuel Beckett's play 'Waiting for Godot' on the level of Grammatical Deviation. Samuel Beckett's play is called as an absurd play which is known for disintegrated language. Beckett breaks the norms of English language to get the reader's attention, to develop his interest and to create his indulgence in the play. He has touched upon modern man's misery in existence, religion, cosmos, relationship and problem of time etc., with a long catalogue of other socio-political issues as sub-themes in this play. Hence, the language of the play 'Waiting for Godot' is ripe with material for stylistic analysis. Sometimes, prepositions or phrases are used in the place of complete sentences which become grammatical freak for the readers but for the researcher this irregularity creates specificity of artistic meanings. Drama represents action through dialogues. Most often, a character does not understand other character's talk which causes irrelevance of content in the situation and apparent meaninglessness. The common reader waives its message away with laughter, but it provides a new horizon of multiple meanings for the researchers. Keeping in view the constraints of space and time, we have selected seven passages from the text. They are selected on the basis of stylistic and thematic significance. Leech's model of irregularities of language has been applied on Beckett's 'Waiting for Godot'. For the analyses and descriptions of the texts, Berry's systemic model has been applied to tackle with the grammatical deviations. Adapted from the source document Subject: Drama (19750); Stylistics (84950); Literary Criticism (48700); English (21900); Grammatical Analysis (28700) Classification: 4612: discourse analysis/text linguistics; stylistics Title: Grammatical Deviations in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot Correspondence author: Akhter, Saira   Author e-mail address: sairalinks@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 745-770 Number of pages: 26 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309904 ProQuest document ID: 1373478056 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478056?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Issues Involved in ESP Course Design Author: Nelson, Deepika1; Devardhi, Julia; Tadesse, Adinew1 Haramaya University, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Foreign Language Studies, Ethiopia 251 dr.deepikanelson@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 126-139. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478092?accountid=50982 Abstract: English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has grown in leaps and bounds in the last decade. Course design is one of the key stages in ESP. Hutchinson and Waters see ESP as an approach rather than a product, by which they mean that ESP does not involve a particular kind of language, teaching material and methodology. Language varieties are self-contained entities which extend from a common core of language. This paper has highlighted some of the issues involved in ESP curriculum development. The main focus is on the topic of language varieties and on the type of investigation ESP curriculum developers use to identify the gap between what learners already know and what they need to know in order to study or work in their specific target environments. Apart from this it examines the topic of wide- versus narrow-angled course designs. Adapted from the source document Subject: English for Special Purposes (22300); Curriculum Planning (16780); Language Varieties (44650) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: The Issues Involved in ESP Course Design Correspondence author: Nelson, Deepika   Author e-mail address: dr.deepikanelson@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 126-139 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309695 ProQuest document ID: 1373478092 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478092?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Acquisition and Teaching of Technical English Author: Susikaran, R S A11 English, Oxford Engineering College, Prattiyur West, Karumandapam, Tiruchirapalli 620009, Tamil Nadu, India sukirtha_27@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 600-606. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478132?accountid=50982 Abstract: Good communication skills are the key to success in the job market. Mastery of technical English gives an advantage to those who are skilled in English. Similar to every language teaching, the teaching of English also has some underlying ideology -- the nature of language and to whom it is taught. Technical English is the language used for specific purposes. The language in which scientific and technical facts are expressed is not certainly a language different from that of general English. But it poses a number of special problems to the English Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). In Technical English language acquisition and teaching, the language teaching professionals of Technical English need to acquire the terminologies used in various fields of Science and Technology and their objective is to introduce to the engineering and professional graduates the complexities of effective and practical communication skills in the affairs of business, industry, science and technology, which have acquired the global dimensions in the age of information revolution. Thus this paper deals with the imperative need for the designing course materials for the budding scientists and technologists and teaching of technical English language by the English language teaching professionals. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Scientific Technical Language (75350); English for Special Purposes (22300) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Acquisition and Teaching of Technical English Correspondence author: Susikaran, R S A   Author e-mail address: sukirtha_27@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 600-606 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309697 ProQuest document ID: 1373478132 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478132?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Impact of Syllabus on ELT Methodology: SAARC Countries' Perspective Author: Akhter, Muhammad Saeed1; Hussain, Muhammad Athar1 F.G. Model Postgraduate College, H-8, Islamabad, Pakistan saeedakhter25@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 91-110. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478172?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of syllabus on English language teaching methodology in SAARC countries. The researchers adopted a mixed-method research approach for data collection. The sample of the study was 1040 students and 340 teachers of English, selected randomly. Instruments of the research were questionnaires, interviews and group discussions. The findings indicated that the present syllabi did not conform to the requirements of the effective methodology for teaching English. In the light of the findings, suggestions were given for a process-oriented and task-based syllabus. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); South Asia (80750); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Impact of Syllabus on ELT Methodology: SAARC Countries' Perspective Correspondence author: Akhter, Muhammad Saeed   Author e-mail address: saeedakhter25@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 91-110 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309700 ProQuest document ID: 1373478172 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478172?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparison of Students' English Language Classroom Anxiety in Single-Sex and Coeducational Schools Author: Hussain, Safdar1; Zubair, Shirin1 Lecturer, University of Education, Lahore (Multan Campus), Pakistan hussaisw@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 369-382. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478298?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study examines the difference in the level of anxiety associated with English language learning for students in single-sex and coeducational schools. It is a causal comparative study based on a sample of 576 students from secondary schools. The data were collected from 14 schools; 4 girls' only schools, 3 boys' only schools and 7 coeducational schools, located in a relatively small area of Multan. Horwitz's Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) was used to measure students' level of anxiety in English language classes. The data were analysed using t-test, analysis of variance and regression method. Results of the study indicate that level of anxiety associated with English language learning is higher in coeducational setting for both the sexes and its value is higher for girls in both types of schools even after including different individual, school and family related factors. It is also indicated that a higher number of students in a class also increase the level of anxiety among students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Anxiety (03350); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Learning Environment (45880); Secondary School Students (76400) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparison of Students' English Language Classroom Anxiety in Single-Sex and Coeducational Schools Correspondence author: Hussain, Safdar   Author e-mail address: hussaisw@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 369-382 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309727 ProQuest document ID: 1373478298 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478298?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Testing the Proficiency of Discourse Knowledge in Engineering College Students in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Author: Mangayarkarasi, P11 Department of English, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Vattamalaipalayam, NGGO Colony, Coimbatore-22, Tamilnadu, India [E-,mail: mangai_sanju@yahoo.com ] Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 383-394. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478336?accountid=50982 Abstract: The different aspects of discourse are Structure, Meaning, Style, Function and Situation. The focus of this questionnaire is to investigate the proficiency level of the respondents in the area of discourse knowledge with special reference to Structure. Knowledge about discourse may be structural, conceptual and functional. Structural knowledge about discourse incorporates knowledge about words, sentences and their organization. While imparting writing skills, teaching grammar related to the sentence level alone is not sufficient Writing requires both grammatical competence and discourse competence. Since English is multifaceted, awareness should be created among L2 learners about micro-level and macro-level aspects of discourse: syntax and semantics on a sentential level, cohesion and coherence on a textual level and so on. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cohesion (13200); Second Language Writing (76180); Academic Writing (00072); English for Special Purposes (22300); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: A Study on Testing the Proficiency of Discourse Knowledge in Engineering College Students in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Correspondence author: Mangayarkarasi, P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 383-394 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309691 ProQuest document ID: 1373478336 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478336?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Verb Entries in the Dictionaries in Indian Languages Author: Devi, Soibam Rebika11 Diploma in Tamil, Resource Person, National Translation Mission, Central Institute of Indian languages, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India rebika_srd@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 567-592. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478371?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is a lack of uniformity in the way verb entries are presented in dictionaries available on the Indian subcontinent. While there are some language-specific reasons for presenting verb entries in certain formats, many languages do not provide valid reasons for giving entries with variations in their dictionaries. This paper provides an examination into the features of verb entries in dictionaries of different languages of India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Dictionaries (18800); Verbs (93900); Lexicography (46800); India (35100); Indo European Languages (35400) Classification: 5210: lexicography/lexicology; lexicography Title: Verb Entries in the Dictionaries in Indian Languages Correspondence author: Devi, Soibam Rebika   Author e-mail address: rebika_srd@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 567-592 Number of pages: 26 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310150 ProQuest document ID: 1373478371 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478371?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Outcome of Language-Based Intervention in Persons with Bilingual Wernicke's Aphasia-A Case Study Author: Veena, K D1; Muhammed, Ayas; Chopra, Niyathi; Aithal, Venkataraja U; Rajashekhar, B1 Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India r.veena@manipal.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 726-744. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478394?accountid=50982 Abstract: Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by jargon utterances with impairment in auditory verbal comprehension, repetition and naming. The goal of the case study was a) highlight characteristic of Wernicke's aphasia over the period of therapy b) report the importance of periodic assessment in understanding recovery c) influence of L2 over L1 and overall quality of life. We report a case of 47 years old male, diagnosed as Wernicke's aphasia as a result of cerebrovascular accident. The case underwent a language based treatment for 6 months and as a result of treatment case improved in communication overcoming with all the linguistic deficits. During the course of therapy, case recovered from Wernicke's aphasia to conduction aphasia to anomic aphasia equally in both languages. Later, influence of L2 (treated) to L1 (untreated) language noted when therapy was withdrawn in L1 language at the final stage of recovery. A progressive change in the overall quality of life after an intensive speech and language therapy has been documented. This study offers a speech language pathologist with information that motivation of the case and periodic assessment would help to note the progress and consequently plan therapy appropriately. Adapted from the source document Subject: Comprehension (13950); Repetition (72923); Naming (56135); Language Therapy (44400); Wernickes Aphasia (96250); Quality of Life (69680); Case Studies (10820); Lexical Access (46630); Bilingualism (08850) Classification: 6414: language-pathological and normal; aphasia Title: Outcome of Language-Based Intervention in Persons with Bilingual Wernicke's Aphasia-A Case Study Correspondence author: Veena, K D   Author e-mail address: r.veena@manipal.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 726-744 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310610 ProQuest document ID: 1373478394 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478394?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Looking at Assamese Journalistic Language vis-a-vis the Linguistic Style-A Bird's Eye-view Author: Samad, Dinee11 Resource Person, Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), c/o North Eastern Regional Language Centre, Bongaon, Majhipara, Beltola College Road, Beltola, Guwahati-28, Assam, India dineesamad@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 9,  (0, 2012): 430-438. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478443?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the journalistic language appearing in Assamese newspapers since their inception. Journalistic language has its own style and manner of presenting reports, not only shedding light upon the news of the time but also bearing evidence to a variety of language structures and styles as language changes through the years. Adapted from the source document Subject: Journalistic Language (39850); India (35100); Stylistics (84950); Language Change (41850); Newspapers (57800) Classification: 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media/advertising; 4612: discourse analysis/text linguistics; stylistics Title: Looking at Assamese Journalistic Language vis-a-vis the Linguistic Style-A Bird's Eye-view Correspondence author: Samad, Dinee   Author e-mail address: dineesamad@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 430-438 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310216 ProQuest document ID: 1373478443 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478443?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Insights and Innovations in Teaching ESL for Rural Students-A Case Study Author: Abhijit, C S U1; Sasidher, K1 VITAM Engineering College, Sontyam Panchayat, Anandapuram Mandal, Visakhapatnam-530017, Andhra Pradesh, India acsu@in.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 35-45. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888085?accountid=50982 Abstract: The importance of English language learning cannot be under estimated in the backdrop of neo-liberal industrial background of India. In this connection an English teacher teaching in rural area confronts with two distinctly paradoxical situations. First the opportunities that are available in the market are abound for trained people in industries. Secondly the inability of the students to catch up to the expectations of the industry due to lack of communication skills and English comprehensive skills. In this backdrop my paper explores and analyses the problems and prospects of devising and using some workable modules in teaching English as second language to equip the rural students with necessary skills which are required by the industries. My paper also analyses the performance of the students over three years before and after implementing the interactive methods of teaching English and proves that the methods discussed in the paper are not only workable but also incredibly efficacious in imparting communication skills among the rural students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Competence (13650); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Rural Areas (74335) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Insights and Innovations in Teaching ESL for Rural Students-A Case Study Correspondence author: Abhijit, C S U   Author e-mail address: acsu@in.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 35-45 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Languageof publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302198 ProQuest document ID: 1315888085 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888085?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Urdu Language for Secondary School Students' Achievement in Science Author: Mahmood, Muhammad Khalid1; Mirza, Munawar Sultana1 Division of Education, University of Education, College Road, Township Lahore, Pakistan khalid.peas@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 266-283. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888168?accountid=50982 Abstract: This experimental study examined effectiveness of the computer assisted instruction (CAI) on students' achievement in general science as compared with the traditional method of instruction (TMI). This experimental study was conducted in a public secondary school in Lahore, Pakistan. Post-test only control group experimental design was employed on paired groups matched with respect to intellectual capacity of the students. The CAI program comprising interactive tutorials in Urdu language was used for learning by the experimental group. The control group was taught the same content in the classroom by the teacher through textbook based lecture method, which is the traditional method of teaching in public schools in Pakistan. An achievement test assessing knowledge, comprehension and application components of learning was administered to both the groups after a two month long treatment period. The experimental group performed better on all the three components of the achievement test as compared to the control group. The CAI group also scored higher than the TMI group in various content areas of general science. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pakistan (62200); Language for Special Purposes (42550); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); Secondary Education (76300); Hindi (31950); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Urdu Language for Secondary School Students' Achievement in Science Correspondence author: Mahmood, Muhammad Khalid   Author e-mail address: khalid.peas@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 266-283 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302189 ProQuest document ID: 1315888168 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888168?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning Academic Idioms Some Useful Techniques for Beginner Learners Author: Guduru, Rajakumar11 Center for English Language Studies (CELS), School of Humanities, University of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India raja.ciefl@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 484-494. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888173?accountid=50982 Abstract: The learning and teaching of idioms has been neglected by both the learners and teachers at the rural as well as urban ESL environment. Hence, the second language learners seem to lack the knowledge of idioms. This results in their poor competence of English idioms. This lack of knowledge of English idioms further results in learners' lack of comprehension and in improper use of these idioms even at learners' intermediate and graduate levels. The learners come from poor educational backgrounds and therefore face academic challenges from their elementary studies right up to their higher education. Having acquired only basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS) (Cummins, 1984) and a limited amount of proficiency in language skills, at college or university level, these learners struggle to cope with academic demands. They are severely lacking in advanced linguistic skills (knowledge of idioms or word combinations) that constitute cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP). Such a lack adversely affects their academic achievement. Hence, the present paper offers ESL beginner learners of English some useful idiom learning techniques such as: learning idioms through mnemonics, learning idioms through conversations, and learning idioms through idiom-display on notice boards. Adapted from the source document Subject: Academic Language (00071); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Idioms (34150) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Learning Academic Idioms Some Useful Techniques for Beginner Learners Correspondence author: Guduru, Rajakumar   Author e-mail address: raja.ciefl@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 484-494 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302218 ProQuest document ID: 1315888173 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888173?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Survey on the Annual Progress Report of English during 2008-2010 in the Degree Colleges of Nagaon Town, Assam Author: Sultana, Parbin11 Tezpur University, Department: EFL, Napaam, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India sultanaparbin@ymail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 377-384. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888189?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study is conducted to interpret the Annual Progress Report of English in the Degree Colleges of Nagaon Town, Arts faculty during 2008-2010. The reason behind this study is to enquire the development of English in this town as well in Assam, and the motivation of its people towards the learning of English, when English gets the priority all over the world. Assam is comparatively a backward state of India in the field of education, where English is no doubt a difficult subject for many. This is an adequate reason for a critical study and minute observation for the sake of its development. I tried to explore a small area of my native town to bring some desirable changes in the application of English, and collected the opinionnaire of the selected people to know what they think is needed for developing English in our place as well as in our country. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Attitudes (41800); Surveys (86000); Higher Education (31750); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Survey on the Annual Progress Report of English during 2008-2010 in the Degree Colleges of Nagaon Town, Assam Correspondence author: Sultana, Parbin   Author e-mail address: sultanaparbin@ymail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 377-384 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302253 ProQuest document ID: 1315888189 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888189?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ University Students' Difficulties in Learning English Language Skills Author: Kanwal, Wajiha1; Khurshid, Fauzia1 Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan syedatifshahzad@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 327-337. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888197?accountid=50982 Abstract: Present study was conducted to explore the university students' difficulties in learning English language skills. In order to highlight the language difficulties a 27 items questionnaire was developed through standardized procedure and the psychometric of this questionnaire was determined through statistical analysis on a sample of 30 students. After ensuring the reliability and validity of research instrument it was administered to 200 randomly selected students of department of English. Collected data was analyzed and percentages. Results showed that overall university students require extra help in improving their English listening, reading and writing skills. Moreover university students are not fully satisfied with their present course contents of English language and teaching methodologies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Student Attitudes (84725); Surveys (86000); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Higher Education (31750); College Students (13250); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Reading (75930); Second Language Writing (76180); Listening (48400) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: University Students' Difficulties in Learning English Language Skills Correspondence author: Kanwal, Wajiha   Author e-mail address: syedatifshahzad@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 327-337 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302222 ProQuest document ID: 1315888197 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888197?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching: Updating the English Classroom with Techniques and Communication Skills Author: Mohan, Chandrika11 Department of Linguistics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamilnadu, India Chandrikamohan76@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 100-169. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888217?accountid=50982 Abstract: Although individual English language learners have their own unique qualities, these differences cannot be known in advance and clearly planned for in designing a common curriculum. The general curriculum must be flexible so that at the time of implementation, some adjustment or accommodation to the needs of actual learners can be made. This article aims to identify sensible and efficacious way of promoting language learning through a programme of instruction, highlighting general principles or strategies that are likely to work. Adapted from the source document Subject: Curriculum Planning (16780); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching: Updating the English Classroom with Techniques and Communication Skills Correspondence author: Mohan, Chandrika   Author e-mail address: Chandrikamohan76@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 100-169 Number of pages: 70 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302233 ProQuest document ID: 1315888217 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888217?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Amiable Tactics to Enliven the Reluctant in the EFL Classroom Author: Babu, A Ramesh1; Rao, Jaiwanth1 Kamala Institute of Technology and Sciences (KITS), Huzurabad 505468, Andhra Pradesh, India adirameshan@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 511-516. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888219?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper tries to explore amiable tactics to enliven reluctant in the EFL Classroom. In EFL classroom, many students face the language problems. They must practice language structures in communication way in English language in the classrooms and outside of the class room. Lack of motivation brings them down from learning place. Though they get some opportunities to speak in English, a few students dare to communicate in English. The paper provides umpteen techniques will help to teachers as well learners to triumph over the problem. Adapted from the source document Subject: Student Teacher Relationship (84730); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Motivation (55580); Classroom Communication (12250); Learning Environment (45880) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Amiable Tactics to Enliven the Reluctant in the EFL Classroom Correspondence author: Babu, A Ramesh   Author e-mail address: adirameshan@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 511-516 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302206 ProQuest document ID: 1315888219 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888219?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bangladeshi Learners' English Language Learning through Acculturation-Secondary Education Author: Mondal, Nitish Kumar11 English Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh nitish.english@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 610-620. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888223?accountid=50982 Abstract: Acculturation is very important for the purpose of learning language in every country. As a multicultural country, Bangladesh is not beyond of this. This article presents the model of acculturation among Bangladeshi learners who are interested learning English language especially at secondary stage. The objective of the study was to evaluate the acculturation model for learning English language at secondary level education in context of Bangladesh. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire was prepared where the populations of the study were students of the secondary level education. Fifty four students were selected as the sample for this study. The respondents were from the different schools. The sample was selected through a random sampling method where the boys and girls were not taken equally. The total survey of the study was conducted through English language. The findings of the study showed that the secondary level learners of Bangladesh have a positive attitude towards acculturation model. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cultural Instruction (16580); Acculturation (00090); Secondary Education (76300); Bangladesh (07450); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Secondary School Students (76400); Student Attitudes (84725) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Bangladeshi Learners' English Language Learning through Acculturation-Secondary Education Correspondence author: Mondal, Nitish Kumar   Author e-mail address: nitish.english@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 610-620 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302234 ProQuest document ID: 1315888223 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888223?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Overview on How to Utilize Authentic Language Input for Language Teaching Author: Bahrani, Taher1; Soltani, Rahmatollah1 Department of English, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 800-807. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888229?accountid=50982 Abstract: Today, the application of various audiovisual mass media programs such as films and cartoons has gone beyond the boundaries of entertainment. As a matter of fact, various types of audiovisual programs can be used as a rich source of authentic language input for language teaching. The pedagogical values of authentic materials have been emphasized by many researchers. In fact, many researchers agree on the fact that authentic language input from various audiovisual programs has the potential to provide the necessary language input for language learning. In the same line, the present paper aims at highlighting the pedagogical values of films and cartoons as two types of programs which have the optimal potential to enhance language learning if they are utilized properly in language classrooms. Adapted from the source document Subject: Authentic Texts (06700); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Films (24300); Cartoons (10670) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: An Overview on How to Utilize Authentic Language Input for Language Teaching Correspondence author: Bahrani, Taher   Author e-mail address: taherbahrani@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 800-807 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302207 ProQuest document ID: 1315888229 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888229?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative Language Teaching Approach at Higher Secondary Level in Bangladesh-Teachers' Perceptions and Classroom Practice Author: Chowdhury, Khaled Bin11 Department of English, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chandanaish, Chittagong, Bangladesh mdkhaledchowdhury@ymail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 170-248. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888242?accountid=50982 Abstract: Communicative Language Teaching is highly advocated by many applied linguists and English language teachers as an effective language teaching approach .But, the implementation of CLT in English as Foreign Language (EFL)contexts has encountered and has been encountering a huge number of difficulties. These difficulties vary widely from country to country. The difficulties are rooted in the economic, socio-cultural and education system in the EFL counties. Teachers who are in the implementation process of this teaching approach do also uphold perceptions, beliefs and expectations about CLT, some of which are either right or wrong. These perceptions and beliefs have direct impact on their teaching practice in the classroom. The goal of this research is to investigate the higher secondary level teachers' perceptions and expectations about CLT in the higher secondary education in Bangladesh. Another outstanding goal of this study is to identify the discrepancies between the teachers' perceptions of CLT and the real classroom practices at the said level. However, the finding of this study can be applicable to secondary level ELT education as well. The participants in this study are 5 higher secondary level EFL teachers. The instruments used to elicit data for this study are written questionnaire and semi-structured interview. It was found that teachers have correctly identified the principles of CLT and the communicative activities. They however, uphold some misconceptions about the principles of CLT. Huge mismatch was also identified between the perceptions and real classroom practices which happen owing to the practical reasons. It was also found that teachers' right perceptions of CLT do not help them in their classroom practices. On the other hand, the misconceptions have a debilitating impact on them. So, this study recommends a happy marriage between the innovative ideas of this Western teaching approach and socio-cultural realities in the EFL countries. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Attitudes (87840); Second Language Teachers (76120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Secondary Education (76300); Bangladesh (07450); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communicative Language Teaching Approach at Higher Secondary Level in Bangladesh-Teachers' Perceptions and Classroom Practice Correspondence author: Chowdhury, Khaled Bin   Author e-mail address: mdkhaledchowdhury@ymail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 170-248 Number of pages: 79 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302209 ProQuest document ID: 1315888242 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888242?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative Language Teaching-A Comprehensive Approach to English Language Teaching Author: Daisy11 BPS Memorial Girls' College, BPS Women University, Khanpur Kalan (Sonipat) 131305, Haryana, India daisynehra@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 249-265. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888249?accountid=50982 Abstract: Notwithstanding the fact that English Language has got central place in educational institutions in India today, teaching and learning English in educational institutions in the country is rather inadequate and unproductive. The existing situation is mainly due to not having significant changes in the pedagogical paradigms like English Syllabus, Teaching Methodology and Testing for long. Though the main reason for the situation includes all the said pedagogical paradigms, much depends on the ways, approaches and methods adopted to teach English. The postcolonial ELT methods are in no way beneficial for the students in the changed scenario where the majority of students are desperate to learn English only to be communicatively competent. The history of English language teaching has seen the rise and fall of a variety of language teaching approaches and linguists have been trying to develop more and more innovative methods which include -- Grammar Translation Method, Direct Method, Situational Language Teaching etc. The latest approach which has influenced language teaching practice around the world is Communicative Approach (or Communicative Language Teaching). It is an approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language. My paper will elaborate how this approach becomes a comprehensive approach due to its goal of teaching communicative competence. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Competence (13650); India (35100); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communicative Language Teaching-A Comprehensive Approach to English Language Teaching Correspondence author: Daisy   Author e-mail address: daisynehra@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 249-265 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302210 ProQuest document ID: 1315888249 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888249?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Informal Language in Opinion Editorials: A Stylistic Analysis of Political Literature on 234next.com Author: Adedoyin, Eniola Olamide11 Redeemer's University, KM 46, Lagos/Ibadan Expressway, Mowe, Ogun State, Lagos, Nigeria enitwistroll@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 301-318. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888251?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper, we extract an article from an Opinion Editorial; 234next.com written by Victor Ehikhamenor, a columnist. The article, titled "Igodomigodo must not Comatose" is a literature on politics and the state of the nation -- Nigeria. Using Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics as theoretical background, aspects of naming, lexical ingenuity and semantic implications are divulged from the text. This is done in the bid to establish writers' idiosyncrasies, who have become prone to using words creatively. The question remains however; whether this aids or inhibits communication. Findings reveal that the text is extremely worded but words are connected creatively and symbolically. We conclude by stating categorically that style is infectious, naming is universal and meaning can be largely subjective though universally appreciable. Adapted from the source document Subject: Naming (56135); Symbolism (86600); Semantic Analysis (76570); Stylistics (84950); Systemic Functional Linguistics (87090); Nigeria (57910); Political Discourse (66450); Discourse Analysis (19200) Classification: 4612: discourse analysis/text linguistics; stylistics Title: Informal Language in Opinion Editorials: A Stylistic Analysis of Political Literature on 234next.com Correspondence author: Adedoyin, Eniola Olamide   Author e-mail address: enitwistroll@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 301-318 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302365 ProQuest document ID: 1315888251 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888251?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Constructing Learner Identity: A Poststructuralist Perspective Author: Shakouri, Nima11 Roudbar Branch, Islamic Azad University Shakouri54@Gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 583-594. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888297?accountid=50982 Abstract: The term "identity" is often used as if it were something relatively permanent, unitary, and uncontroversial. Yet recent thinking on it, as some scholars report, has challenged such assumptions (Norton, 1997; Johnston, 2003; Deaux, 2001). Rather, identity is seen, among other things, as fundamentally relational in nature, and thus as negotiated through language and other forms of social interaction; as contested, a site of conflict; and as being in constant flux and change. This paper looks at the implications of constructing identity for teachers and teacher educators of the English language. Constructing this identity, to the author, is an obligation for teachers since recognizing students' multiple identities certainly exert positive effects on teacher's teaching Such a change has implications for the strategies we encourage learners to develop, the materials we use and the outcomes we seek to achieve. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Self Concept (76500); Teacher Education (87850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Constructing Learner Identity: A Poststructuralist Perspective Correspondence author: Shakouri, Nima   Author e-mail address: Shakouri54@Gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 583-594 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302247 ProQuest document ID: 1315888297 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888297?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Kashmiri-Urdu Code Switching: A Distinct Code or a Bilingual Strategy? Author: Wani, Sajad Hussain11 Department of Linguistics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India wani.sajad@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 595-609. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888329?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with the phenomenon of code switching which is the most commonly observed language contact phenomenon now-a-days. The main point of discussion in this paper is regarding the nature of the phenomena of code switching. The nature of code switching is debated based on the existing literature and illustrations are made through the Kashmiri-Urdu Code Switching in Jammu and Kashmir. The conclusion is that the nature of code switching is not purely a linguistic matter but is also a matter concerning extra-linguistic realities which led to the variable nature of code switching. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bilingualism (08850); Language Use (44610); Language Contact (42100); India (35100); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Hindi (31950); Code Switching (12650) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing; 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Kashmiri-Urdu Code Switching: A Distinct Code or a Bilingual Strategy? Correspondence author: Wani, Sajad Hussain   Author e-mail address: wani.sajad@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 595-609 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302480 ProQuest document ID: 1315888329 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888329?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Linguistic Approach to Comprehensive Study of Compound Words-With Special Reference to Urdu Language Author: Rahman, Motiur11 Department of English, Faculty of Social Science & Arts, College of Community, Unaizah, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia rahman.res@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 354-365. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888336?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with the compounding words in Urdu language. The formation of compound words is an important aspect of morphological operation to produce new words in languages with a linear morphological structure. It is extensively used as one of the ways to generate new words and word forms in Urdu language. Urdu language has borrowed a large number of compounds from a variety of sources from other Indian languages, Perso-Arabic and English. The present paper attempts to discuss Indic sources and Perso-Arabic compounds, English compounds, some 'hybrid' compounds, etc. These compounds are frequently used in Urdu language. The present paper explores and describes the various compounding phenomena in Urdu and their implication. Adapted from the source document Subject: Compound Words (13940); Word Formation (97400); Hindi (31950); Borrowing (09300); Arabic (03750); Persian (63700); English (21900); Morphological Analysis (55380) Classification: 4510: morphology; morphology Title: A Linguistic Approach to Comprehensive Study of Compound Words-With Special Reference to Urdu Language Correspondence author: Rahman, Motiur   Author e-mail address: rahman.res@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 354-365 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302345 ProQuest document ID: 1315888336 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888336?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Learning Strategies for English (Second Language) Teachers Author: Varshney, Sangeeta1; Banerji, Niroj1 Research Scholar, Linguistics, Department of Humanities and Social Science, MNNIT, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India sangeetavarshney2@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 791-799. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888348?accountid=50982 Abstract: People need to learn a second language because of globalization; connections are becoming inevitable among nations, states and organizations which create a huge need for knowing another language or more multilingualism. The uses of common languages are in areas such as trade, tourism, international relations between governments, technology, media and science. Therefore, many countries such as Japan and China frame education policies to teach at least one foreign language at primary and secondary school level. However, some countries such as India, Singapore, Malaysia and Philippines use a second official language in their governing system. Many Indian people are giving enormous importance to foreign language learning, especially learning the English Language. This article provides an overview of language learning strategies (language learning strategies hereafter LLS) for second and foreign language (hereafter L2/FL) teachers. Teachers may follow this approach in using LLS in their classes, and summarizes key reflections and questions for future research on this aspect of L2/FL education. It also lists helpful contacts and internet sites where readers may access up-to-date information on LLS teaching and research. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Language Learning Strategies for English (Second Language) Teachers Correspondence author: Varshney, Sangeeta   Author e-mail address: sangeetavarshney2@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 791-799 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Sourcetype: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302261 ProQuest document ID: 1315888348 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888348?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems in Teaching/Learning English as a Second Language in India Author: Reddy, P Sreenivasulu11 Department of English, V.R. Institute of Post Graduate Studies, Nellore-524001, Andhra Pradesh, India sreemupydala@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 781-790. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888533?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article gives an account of how English has spread and gained the status of a global language. It examines the present status of English as a second language in India. The domineering position of English in the modern world is identified. The paper shows how English will continue to hold a secure position even in future. This article lists different features of language, defines language and identifies the factors that affect second language learning. It also asserts that it is essential for a language teacher to understand the different theories involved in the process of teaching and learning to make teaching effective. This understanding forms the basis for a teacher to select a proper approach, method and technique that would be useful to her/his students. This article also discusses different problems faced by teachers of English in India. It also explains the need for a teacher to be resourceful and knowledgeable to meet the grave situation and promote better standards of achievement. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); India (35100); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Problems in Teaching/Learning English as a Second Language in India Correspondence author: Reddy, P Sreenivasulu   Author e-mail address: sreemupydala@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 781-790 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302244 ProQuest document ID: 1315888533 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888533?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Causatives in Lai and Mizo Author: Bedell, George11 Department of Linguistics, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand gdbedell@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 88-99. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888559?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bedell provides an examination of the causatives in Lai and Mizo, two Tibeto-Burman languages belonging to the Central subgroup of Kuki-Chin that are primarily spoken in neighboring and overlapping areas of Chin State, Myanmar and Mizoram State, India. While the two languages are closely related, they are not mutually intelligible, but most of the differences impeding intelligibility are lexical and relatively easily overcome with continued exposure. This analysis uses examples taken from four translations of the Gospel of Matthew. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Causative Constructions (11210); Bible (08600); Descriptive Linguistics (18350) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Causatives in Lai and Mizo Correspondence author: Bedell, George   Author e-mail address: gdbedell@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 88-99 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302405 ProQuest document ID: 1315888559 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888559?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Assamese Influence on Bodo Author: Brahma, Pratima Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 2,  (February 2012): 398-417. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888745?accountid=50982 Abstract: In Assam, languages belonging to different language families are found, namely, Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman. Language can get changed by the influence of periphery and lack of words for some specific fields. Assamese and Bodo are the major inhabitants of Assam. Assamese belongs to Indo-Aryan group of language family and Bodo belongs to the Bodo group of Bodo-Naga subsection of Tibeto-Burman language family. Though Assamese and Bodo belong to different groups of language families and their phonemic characters are different, both these languages have influenced each other because of periphery. In this article, an attempt has been made to present the lexico-statistic data of Assamese and Bodo with phonemic transcription in Assamese alphabetical order to show the Assamese influence on Bodo language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Contact (42100); Phonemics (64670); Phonemic Transcription (64650); India (35100); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Indo Iranian Languages (35430) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Assamese Influence on Bodo Correspondence author: Brahma, Pratima   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 398-417 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302463 ProQuest document ID: 1315888745 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888745?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Enhancing ESL Learners' Writing Skills Author: Mahendran, R11 Department of English, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam, Thanjavur 613 403 Tamilnadu, India drarmahendran@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 206-211. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315887963?accountid=50982 Abstract: Mahendran discusses the importance of writing ability in English as a Second Language (ESL) learners and suggests some practices that can be implemented in the classroom. It is stressed that the most important aspect of writing instruction is to help students develop a taste for writing and cultivate a regular writing habit. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Writing (76180); Written Language Instruction (99200); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing; 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Enhancing ESL Learners' Writing Skills Correspondence author: Mahendran, R   Author e-mail address: drarmahendran@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 206-211 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302146 ProQuest document ID: 1315887963 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315887963?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Exploring Nature of Vocabulary Acquisition and Common Main Gaps in the Current Studies of Vocabulary Acquisition Author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein11 Department of Studies in English Language Teaching, Islamic Azad University, Abadan Branch, Khuzestan Province, Iran fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 175-189. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888003?accountid=50982 Abstract: Vocabulary can be as a key factor for success, central to a language, and paramount to a language learner. In such situation, the lexicon may be the most important component for learners (Grass & Selinker, 1994), and mastering of vocabulary is an essential component of second/foreign language teaching and learning that has been repeatedly acknowledge in theoretical and empirical second/foreign language acquisition research. The intent of the current study is to set out the nature of vocabulary acquisition alongside the expressing importance of vocabulary acquisition. The importance of the present study is to explore the current studies of vocabulary in order to find out common main gaps among such studies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Acquisition (41600); Learning Strategies (46000); Second Language Instruction (75700); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Learning Theories (75860); Vocabulary Learning (94855) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: The Exploring Nature of Vocabulary Acquisition and Common Main Gaps in the Current Studies of Vocabulary Acquisition Correspondence author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein   Author e-mail address: fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 175-189 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302068 ProQuest document ID: 1315888003 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888003?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language of Instruction and Interaction with Host Communities in the Rescued Slave Schools of Zanzibar and Muscat Author: Denman, C J11 Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 43, PC 123, Al-Khoud, Sultanate of Oman denman@squ.edu.om Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 59-80. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888015?accountid=50982 Abstract: During the mid-nineteenth century, a number of Christian missionary societies in the Western world began turning their attentions to East and Central Africa and the Arabian Gulf. They were drawn to these regions through the hope of winning converts in traditionally Arab-dominated lands and, in doing so, helping bring an end to the Indian Ocean slave trade. Two such societies that were to establish a presence in the sultanates of Zanzibar and Muscat were the Anglican Church's United Universities' Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) and the American Reformed Church's Arabian Mission. Both missions directed a good deal of their early efforts at providing education for freed slaves in the two sultanates and, as such, were among the first to establish "modern" Western-style schools in their respective regions. The level of interaction these institutions had with their host communities was related to a number of factors, with one of the most significant of these being the choice of language of instruction. This paper, therefore, examines the relationship between medium of instruction and interaction with host communities in two of the earliest freed slave schools in Zanzibar and Muscat -- the UMCA's St. Andrew's Teacher Training College and the Arabian Mission's Peter Zwemer School. Adapted from the source document Subject: 19th Century (1801-1900) (00009); Education (20900); History of Language Teaching (32144); Language of Instruction (43180); Cross Cultural Communication (16300) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education; 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: Language of Instruction and Interaction with Host Communities in the Rescued Slave Schools of Zanzibar and Muscat Correspondence author: Denman, C J   Author e-mail address: denman@squ.edu.om Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 59-80 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302161 ProQuest document ID: 1315888015 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888015?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effectiveness of Instructional Technology for English Language Teaching in Pakistan Author: Abbas, Malik Naseem1; Imtiaz, Saiqa1 Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan naseemabas@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 96-117. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888077?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language teaching (ELT) has been an important global activity for the past five decades or so, and many Pakistani schools use English as a medium of instruction. Language teachers in Pakistan use textbooks published by the Text Book Boards and most of them use the tradition lecture method of instruction. While some instructors use pictures, cards, newspapers, and other relevant materials, their main concern is to help students pass examinations. The use of instructional technology (tape recorders, television, VCRs, computers, the Internet, overhead projects, multimedia, etc.) is given the least importance in the classroom, though such material can undeniably be used in effective teaching. It is postulated that the reason behind this is that either such technology is not available in schools or, if it is available, teachers are reluctant to use it. This article highlights how the use of instructional technology in English language teaching can be employed with little effort on the part of teachers and educational institutions. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Multimedia (55660); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effectiveness of Instructional Technology for English Language Teaching in Pakistan Correspondence author: Abbas, Malik Naseem   Author e-mail address: naseemabas@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 96-117 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302196 ProQuest document ID: 1315888077 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888077?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Assessing the Role of Visual Teaching Materials in Teaching English Vocabulary Author: Abebe, Tessema Tadese1; Davidson, L Manjula1 Andhra University College of Arts & Commerce, Research Scholar in English Department, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India Tessematadesse@gmail.Com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 524-552. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888082?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main purpose of the present study is to examine the role of visual materials in teaching English vocabulary. The first-mentioned researcher took a sample of grade 8 students and their English language teachers teaching in three Second Cycle Primary Schools in Robe town and its surrounding in Bale Zone. One hundred and twenty students out of 580 and all eight English language teachers were participated in the study. Four research instruments: questionnaire, observation, interviews and document analysis were used to collect the data. The questionnaire was filled in by the entire subjects, while interview was conducted to sixteen students and four teachers. Eight lessons were observed while teachers were presenting vocabulary in three sample schools with the help of checklist. The results of the study reveal that the majority of the teachers rarely use visual materials like real objects, word flashcards, picture flashcards and charts to teach vocabulary. On the other hand, regarding the extent visual materials enhance vocabulary learning almost all of the respondents mentioned that as visual materials facilitate students' vocabulary learning. Accordingly, it was recommended that teachers should use various types of visual materials that enhance students' vocabulary knowledge as much as possible. Knowing the importance of visual materials is not enough unless teachers use them in the actual teaching of the meaning of words. Hence, it is recommended that teachers should use easily available materials in order to help the students in understanding the meaning of words. Moreover, since the student's textbook does not include adequate number of visual materials; it is advisable to incorporate more visual materials to facilitate students' vocabulary learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); Visual Media (94550) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Assessing the Role of Visual Teaching Materials in Teaching English Vocabulary Correspondence author: Abebe, Tessema Tadese   Author e-mail address: Tessematadesse@gmail.Com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 524-552 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302197 ProQuest document ID: 1315888082 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888082?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model and Traditional Method in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course Author: Ahmed, Iftikhar1; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed; Janjua, Shafqat Ali; Bajwa, Naeemullah1 College of Education, H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan asifrana@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 216-226. [Duplicate] https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888103?accountid=50982 Abstract: In language teaching, method plays a prime role. Well adopted materials without effective method of teaching are practically useless. But with proper tools and instructional materials, a good teacher encourages each member of the class to participate directly in the learning experience. The main objective of this study was to define the concept attainment model and traditional method and to compare the effectiveness of concept attainment model and traditional method. In order to achieve the objectives M.A. education students studying the subject teaching of English constituted the population of the study and the sample of the study consisted of 46 students teachers. On the basis of pretest scores they were placed in three groups randomly. Each group comprised 23 students. Three hypotheses were framed and tested by applying independent sample t-test and dependent sample t-test, the results showed that all the students including low achievers and high achievers, who were taught through concept attainment model performed significantly better than their counterparts taught through traditional method. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Education (87850); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model and Traditional Method in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course Correspondence author: Ahmed, Iftikhar   Author e-mail address: asifrana@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 216-226 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302201 ProQuest document ID: 1315888103 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888103?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Use and Ranking of Different English Language Learning Strategies by English Major Iranian Female University Level Learners Author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein11 Department of English Language Teaching, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University Iran fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 153-169. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888128?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims to rank types of English language learning strategies that are used by Iranian female university level learners of English language as a university major. The results show that except the Metacognitive Strategies category, the mean score for each of the five categories fell in the range of medium strategy use. Adapted from the source document Subject: Metacognition (53100); Iran (38300); College Students (13250); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Higher Education (31750); Females (24000) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Use and Ranking of Different English Language Learning Strategies by English Major Iranian Female University Level Learners Correspondence author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein   Author e-mail address: fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 153-169 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302268 ProQuest document ID: 1315888128 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888128?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Fiction in the Indian Engineering Language Classroom Author: Manuel, Anita11 English KCG College of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu India anitamanuel@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 276-289. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888174?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article examines the use of fictional literature as a tool for teaching English within the engineering curriculum. The purpose and methodology of teaching literature to engineering students is very different from a regular literature class. In the contemporary scenario in which English is merely a tool for the workplace and the emphasis is on "functional" English, the teaching of literature has been considered unproductive and irrelevant in teaching engineering students to be proficient only in the technical register. Manuel, however, contends that the technical register cannot be mastered without proficiency in general English and argues that engineering students require more than just the technical register to function successfully in the workplace due to the need to use language to assess, discuss, defend, disagree, ask questions, seek clarifications, negotiate, and explain. Adapted from the source document Subject: Fiction (24120); English for Special Purposes (22300); Literature (49250); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Fiction in the Indian Engineering Language Classroom Correspondence author: Manuel, Anita   Author e-mail address: anitamanuel@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 276-289 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302190 ProQuest document ID: 1315888174 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888174?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing Writing Skills: A Practical Remedy of Common Writing Problems among Students of Writing Skills Courses at Preparatory Year, Najran University KSA Author: Nazim, Mohammad1; Ahmad, Jalal1 Department of English, Preparatory Year, Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia nazimspeaking@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 348-360. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888256?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching and/or developing writing skills has always been a pain for both teachers and learners in an EFL classroom situation. In this project an in-depth effort will be made to investigate the challenges (faced by the teachers as well as learners) in teaching and developing writing skills based on live classroom teaching experience. An analysis and review of sample writing attempts of the students will also be done to examine and offer the remedies and suggestions in order to minimize the problems of conventions, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and some of the basics of language use (grammar). Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Writing (76180); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Written Language Instruction (99200); Writing Acquisition (98570); Writing Ability (98560) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Developing Writing Skills: A Practical Remedy of Common Writing Problems among Students of Writing Skills Courses at Preparatory Year, Najran University KSA Correspondence author: Nazim, Mohammad   Author e-mail address: nazimspeaking@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 348-360 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302237 ProQuest document ID: 1315888256 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888256?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Current State of the Art in ELT with Special Reference to the Use of the First Language in EFL Classes in Vietnam Author: Nhan, Nguyen Trong1; Lai, Ho Thi1 English Department, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, No. 2, D3 Street, Van Thanh Bac Site, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam nguyentrongnhan120784@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 558-575. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888262?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article analyzes the importance of the L1 use in EFL classrooms and seeks answers to the question of when and how to use the mother tongue in EFL classrooms in Vietnam and all over the world. The paper begins with a glimpse in the historical sequence of the six most-recognized ELT approaches and methods, which will highlight periodic changes in the role of L1 in the L2 teaching. The article then looks at some interesting current trends in English language teaching methodology with reference to the context of Vietnam. Finally, the paper clarifies some benefits as well as disadvantages of using the L1 in the L2 classroom before coming up with the conclusion and recommendations in terms of how and when to use (or to allow the use of) the students' native language in the EFL classroom. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language of Instruction (43180); Classroom Communication (12250); Vietnam (94100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Learning Environment (45880); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Current State of the Art in ELT with Special Reference to the Use of the First Language in EFL Classes in Vietnam Correspondence author: Nhan, Nguyen Trong   Author e-mail address: nguyentrongnhan120784@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 558-575 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302238 ProQuest document ID: 1315888262 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888262?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Word Accent in English Spoken by Students of Engineering in India: A Pedagogical Perspective on Intelligibility Author: Vaddapalli, Maruthi Kumari11 PO Box.2509, Dhofar University, Salalah 211 Oman maruthi92001@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 227-247. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888343?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main purpose of the study is to look at the word accent of the English spoken by engineering students in India since Indian English is emerging as one of the varieties of world Englishes. Speech samples of ten engineering students were obtained for this purpose. It investigates the word stress patterns and deviations of word stress from Received Pronunciation and its impact on intelligibility. No specific pattern of divergences in placing the stress in words emerges which reflects the lack of explicit knowledge and awareness of English word stress. In order to overcome difficulties in placing word stress in English, it is recommended that a systematic course, involving the introduction of stress rules, ear training and production practice be given to engineering students of Andhra Pradesh in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stress (84550); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pronunciation Instruction (68560); Received Pronunciation (71750); Indian English (35150); Pronunciation (68500); College Students (13250); Intelligibility (36600) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Word Accent in English Spoken by Students of Engineering in India: A Pedagogical Perspective on Intelligibility Correspondence author: Vaddapalli, Maruthi Kumari   Author e-mail address: maruthi92001@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 227-247 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 19 30-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302260 ProQuest document ID: 1315888343 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888343?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Societal Attitude and Gender Bias as Reflected in the Language of Matrimonial Advertisements Author: Dave, Pratima11 Department of Applied Linguistics, SNDT Women's University Mumbai-20 Maharashtra India pratima_shastri@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 261-275. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888465?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language and society are directly related, as both influence and shape each other. India has a male-dominated society in which gender discrimination is a common phenomenon. This article examines the language of matrimonial advertisements, in which the sexism in language can be seen in the stereotyping of women. In this study, 200 matrimonial advertisements -- 100 for male aspirants and 100 for female aspirants -- were randomly selected from newspapers in four language -- English, Hindi, Gujarati and Marathi. While it is difficult to generalize the outcome with this small sample size, a tentative generalization can be reached that indicates specific language patterns. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stereotypes (84050); Sexism (77900); India (35100); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Sociolinguistics (80200); Advertisements (00670); Corpus Analysis (15664); Newspapers (57800); Social Factors (79910); English (21900); Hindi (31950); Gujarati (29935); Marathi (51140) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics; 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media/advertising Title: Societal Attitude and Gender Bias as Reflected in the Language of Matrimonial Advertisements Correspondence author: Dave, Pratima   Author e-mail address: pratima_shastri@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 261-275 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302598 ProQuest document ID: 1315888465 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888465?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Perspective on Second Language Teaching-A Complex Socio-Cultural Phenomenon Author: Patra, Bairagi1; Behera, Arun K1 Rajdhani Engineering College, Bhubaneswar-751030 Odisha, India bpatrasir@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 27-33. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888496?accountid=50982 Abstract: Second language learning, which is associated with Teaching, Development and Instructions, is a complex socio-cultural phenomenon with different variables concerning the psychological factors of the learners and the socio-cultural elements of the contexts. An interactional approach to second language learning can ensure that a social perspective of second language development and instruction contributes having a positive effect on the nature and quality of language learning, which activates the autonomous learning motivation and creates diversity in the learning atmosphere. Recently research on developing socio-cultural and linguistic competence simultaneously in the language classroom is gaining increasing attention from English Foreign Language practitioners & curriculum designers. The understanding of language as a social phenomenon has increased greatly because of language teaching classrooms are diversified with learners, teachers, institutions, cultures, contexts and pedagogies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Social Functions of Language (79925); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Curriculum Planning (16780); Learning Environment (45880); Second Language Instruction (75700); Cultural Factors (16500); Social Factors (79910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Perspective on Second Language Teaching-A Complex Socio-Cultural Phenomenon Correspondence author: Patra, Bairagi   Author e-mail address: bpatrasir@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 27-33 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Sourcetype: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302240 ProQuest document ID: 1315888496 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888496?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Compulsory English to Large Classes in India Author: Ramjibhai, Solanki Gopalkrishna11 Shri Natvarsinhji Arts & Science College, and Shri Shantilal Gordhandas Patel Commerce College, Chhotaudepur Dist. Vadodara Affiliated to Gujarat University, Ahmedabad Gujarat India gopalkrishna.19@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 553-557. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888521?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is widely admitted that teaching English to a large class has certain disadvantages over a small class. But in many schools even universities in India, large class teaching is still a common practice. English teachers in many universities in India often have a lot of teaching difficulties and problems. Therefore, it is necessary for those teachers to understand the main principles and learn some basic strategies for large class English teaching in order to improve their teaching. This paper aims to suggest some guidelines for large class EFL teachers. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Learning Environment (45880); Classroom Communication (12250); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Compulsory English to Large Classes in India Correspondence author: Ramjibhai, Solanki Gopalkrishna   Author e-mail address: gopalkrishna.19@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 553-557 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302243 ProQuest document ID: 1315888521 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888521?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Status of English among the Kokborok and Tripura Bangla Learners in Tripura Author: Debnath, Swapan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 633. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888611?accountid=50982 Abstract: Of late many scholars and linguists have got interested in the study of the languages of the North Eastern part of India belonging to the Indo-Aryan family of languages as well as not belonging to the Indo-Aryan family of languages. Most of these scholars have devoted themselves to spelling out the descriptive linguistic phenomenae of these languages. Exceptions are however always there. There is hardly any sustained and systematic effort for explaining the linguistic properties of these languages with the help of the insights available from the researchers in modern linguistics of course excepting few. More over most of these scholars are non-native scholars whose works are always open to suspicion in respect of capturing the subtle nuances of the language concerned. Unlike the prevalent tendency, I have decided to look into the various syntactic properties of Kokborok and Tripura Bangla, my mother tongue that is used as a first language by the majority of the people in and outside the Indian state of Tripura, whereas Kokborok is used as a first language by nearly 1.5 million. These two languages are used abreast by the tribals and non-tribals respectively of the state. Tribals use Kokborok whereas the non-tribals use Tripura Bangla, of course, having dialectal variations. Given the limitations of a thesis like this, I have made a humble effort to bring out the syntactic peculiarities of the Yes-No interrogatives in Kokborok, Tripura Bangla vis-a-vis those of English. This is because without understanding the unique properties of one's first language which often interfere with the learning of a second language, one would not be in a position to successfully learn the grammatical nuances of the second language. This will lead to linguistic aberrations so characteristic of inter-lingual systems. It is found that English, Tripura Bangla and Kokborok use two different parameters in deciding the word order within their phrases: English is HEAD FIRST while Tripura Bangla and Kokborok are HEAD LAST. This phenomenon largely decides the word order differences in the three languages. Again, English has a rule of obligatory fronting of the Auxiliary verb having the feature [+Tense]. This is absent in Kokborok and Tripura Bangla. But Koborok and Tripura Bangla use the non-morphemic elements de and ki which do not have any fixed denotative value. these elements enforce the sense of interrogativeness. This can however be dropped. But there is also a use of rising tone which cannot be dropped. This language too like Kokborok is a HEAD LAST language and uses an apparently semantically empty item ki in its Yes-No interrogatives. It is intriguing how these two languages Kokborok and Tripura Bangla, one a Sino-Tibetan language and the other an Indo-Aryan, could have such close similarities. More research is necessary to study the phenomenon of typological universals as opposed to the impact of language contact. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Typology (44450); Wh Phrases (96650); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Sino Tibetan Languages (79100); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Word Order (97800); English (21900) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics; 4310: syntax; syntax Title: Status of English among the Kokborok and Tripura Bangla Learners in Tripura Correspondence author: Debnath, Swapan   Author e-mail address: raj_dn29@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 633 Number of pages: 1 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302433 ProQuest document ID: 1315888611 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888611?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Movement in the Darjeeling Himalayas: Special Reference to the Lepcha Language Author: Pradhan, Alina11 Department of Political Science, Darjeeling Government College, P.0. & District Darjeeling-734101, West Bengal, India alinatjp_9@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 3,  (March 2012): 1-26. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888787?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article examines how the Lepchas, an ethnic minority group in India's Darjeeling Hills, are trying to revive the Lepcha language. The situation of the Nepalis of Darjeeling District, who became a dominant group and started a movement for the recognition of their language, is compared to the situation of the Lepchas. As Nepali quickly gained dominance in the hills, more attention was given to it rather than to Lepcha language, despite the Lepcha people being indigenous to the area. Despite certain provisions in India's constitution for linguistic and religious minorities, the minority language of the Lepchas was grossly neglected. Under the leadership of the Lepcha Association, though, the language and cultural consciousness amongst the Lepchas is fast growing ground. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Sino Tibetan Languages (79100); Minority Languages (54250); Language Policy (43450); India (35100); Minority Groups (54240); Language Planning (43400); Speech Communities (82410) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Language Movement in the Darjeeling Himalayas: Special Reference to the Lepcha Language Correspondence author: Pradhan, Alina   Author e-mail address: alinatjp_9@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-26 Number of pages: 26 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302662 ProQuest document ID: 1315888787 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888787?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Exploring Nature of Vocabulary Acquisition and Common Main Gaps in the Current Studies of Vocabulary Acquisition Author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein11 Department of Studies in English Language Teaching, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan Iran fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 135-149. [Duplicate] https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888007?accountid=50982 Abstract: Vocabulary can be a key factor for success, central to a language, and paramount to a language learner. In such situation, the lexicon may be the most important component for learners (Grass and Selinker, 1994), and mastering of vocabulary is an essential component of second/foreign language teaching and learning that has been repeatedly acknowledged in theoretical and empirical second/foreign language acquisition research. The intent of the current study is to set out the nature of vocabulary acquisition alongside the expressing importance of vocabulary acquisition. The importance of the present study is to explore the current studies of vocabulary in order to find out common main gaps among such studies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Acquisition (41600); Learning Strategies (46000); Second Language Instruction (75700); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Learning Theories (75860); Vocabulary Learning (94855) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: The Exploring Nature of Vocabulary Acquisition and Common Main Gaps in the Current Studies of Vocabulary Acquisition Correspondence author: Fazeli, Seyed Hossein   Author e-mail address: fazeli78@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 135-149 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302069 ProQuest document ID: 1315888007 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888007?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Computer Assisted Language Learning: Merits and Demerits Author: AbuSeileek, Ali Farhan1; Abu Sa'aleek, Atef Odeh1 Department of Curricula and Instruction -English Language, Al al-Bait University, Al-Mafraq, Jordan, P.O. Box 130040, Mafraq 25113, Jordan alifarhan66@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 31-44. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888088?accountid=50982 Abstract: Computer assisted language learning and teaching has come to a new step, especially with the development of microcomputer and the Internet. Computers can facilitate a variety of learning tasks and have enormous potency as teaching tools. They can help both students and teachers because of their special properties. This paper aims to investigate the merits and demerits of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) for current foreign language learning and teaching. The findings indicate that it is necessary to apply computers in current second language classroom, although it still has demerits and weaknesses. Therefore, when we try to apply CALL programs to enhance teaching or learning EFL, we should realize what the merits and demerits are in current CALL programs in order to avoid misemploying CALL programs and get its maximum benefits for our EFL teaching and learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Computer Assisted Instruction (14200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Computer Assisted Language Learning: Merits and Demerits Correspondence author: AbuSeileek, Ali Farhan   Author e-mail address: alifarhan66@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 31-44 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scho larly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302199 ProQuest document ID: 1315888088 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888088?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Advance Organizer Model and Traditional Method in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course Author: Ahmed, Iftikhar1; Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed; Bajwa, Naeemullah; Janjua, Shafqat Ali1 College of Education H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan asifrana@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 196-208. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888094?accountid=50982 Abstract: In language teaching, method plays a prime role. Well adopted materials without effective method of teaching are practically useless. But with proper tools and instructional materials, a good teacher encourages each member of the class to participate directly in the learning experience. The main objective of this study was to define the advance organizer model and traditional method and to compare the effectiveness of advance organizer model and traditional method. In order to achieve the objectives M.A. education students studying the subject teaching of English constituted the population of the study and the sample of the study consisted of 46 students teachers. On the basis of pretest scores they were placed in two groups randomly. Each group comprised 23 students. Four hypotheses were framed and tested by applying independent sample t-test and dependent sample t-test, the results showed that all the students including low achievers and high achievers, who were taught through advance organizer model and traditional method performed equally. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Education (87850); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Advance Organizer Model and Traditional Method in Teaching of English in Teacher Education Course Correspondence author: Ahmed, Iftikhar   Author e-mail address: asifrana@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 196-208 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302200 ProQuest document ID: 1315888094 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888094?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Content Analysis of Grammar Activities in Student's Book of Action Pack Seven as a Textbook for Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Jordan Author: Zawahreh, Firas Ali Suleiman11 Jordan Ajloun-Orjan, Prince Hamzeh bin Al-Hussein Basic School for Boys Zawahrehfiras@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 168-186. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888111?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aimed at analyzing the grammar activities in the six modules of the students' book of Action Pack Seven used as a textbook for teaching English as a foreign language in Jordan to find out to what extent to which these activities meet the criterion proposed by it compared to those criterion proposed by Celce-Murcia (1991),so the researcher used the following criterion: First, the appropriateness of number balance of the grammar activities, second, the accuracy of the linguistic data; third, the clarity and completeness of the grammar activities, and the fourth, the presentations of linguistic items in meaningful context. The results of the study showed the following: First, the number of the grammar activities is appropriate and distributed in a good balanced way between the six modules of the textbook. Second, all of the grammar activities meet the second criteria because all of the linguistic data are accurate and correct in details. Third, fifty five out of the sixty grammar activities meet the criteria "clarity and completeness". Fourth, fifty out of sixty grammar activities are presented in meaningful context which meet the fourth criteria "meaningful context". Adapted from the source document Subject: Educational Activities (20910); Jordan (39800); Grammar Instruction (28550); Content Analysis (15150); Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Content Analysis of Grammar Activities in Student's Book of Action Pack Seven as a Textbook for Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Jordan Correspondence author: Zawahreh, Firas Ali Suleiman   Author e-mail address: Zawahrehfiras@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 168-186 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302265 ProQuest document ID: 1315888111 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888111?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Cohesion in Iranian English Textbooks Author: Ebrahimi, Seyed Foad1; Ebrahimi, Seyed Jamal1 English Department, Shadegan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shadegan Iran seyedfoade@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 87-99. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888120?accountid=50982 Abstract: Thematic organization plays a major role in the organization of the text and in enabling it to be communicated and understood clearly. One issue in textbooks writing is how the writers deal with this textual feature. This study made frequency and functional analysis of thematic organization in Iranian English textbooks used for teaching Pre-requisite, English for General Purposes and English for Specific Purposes courses at Iranian universities at B.A level. For this aim, twelve units, from six textbooks were randomly selected. Then the data were analyzed based on thematic organization model proposed by Halliday's (2004). The results showed that there is thematic development exist in case of simple, unmarked, and marked themes in Iranian English textbooks. This study may have implication in syllabus designing and reading comprehension. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Comprehension (70750); Curriculum Planning (16780); Higher Education (31750); Theme (89350); Rheme (73250); English for Special Purposes (22300); Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Cohesion (13200) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Cohesion in Iranian English Textbooks Correspondence author: Ebrahimi, Seyed Foad   Author e-mail address: seyedfoade@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 87-99 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302183 ProQuest document ID: 1315888120 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888120?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effective Activity-based Teaching to Overcome Apprehensions for the Enhancement of Speaking Skill Author: Subapradha, P11 Research Scholar in Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamilnadu, Iran psubapradha@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 462-467. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888176?accountid=50982 Abstract: For English language teaching various techniques and strategies are employed to acquire desired results. In my practice and observation, the classroom is the best place to bring out one's speaking ability. Speaking ability involves not only the idea of mere exchange of data but also the effective means of communicating, persuading and presenting ideas. In this paper I have mentioned some of the activities to be followed in language classes. These activities will certainly enhance the power of integration and organization of ideas and speaking skills of the student learners. Adapted from the source document Subject: Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pronunciation Instruction (68560); Communicative Competence (13650) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Effective Activity-based Teaching to Overcome Apprehensions for the Enhancement of Speaking Skill Correspondence author: Subapradha, P   Author e-mail address: psubapradha@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 462-467 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302251 ProQuest document ID: 1315888176 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888176?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Enhancement of Learner Autonomy and the Growth of English Language Proficiency Author: Nhan, Nguyen Trong1; Lai, Ho Thi1 English Department, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, No. 2, D3 Street, Van Thanh Bac Site, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam nguyentrongnhan120784@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 436-448. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888181?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language learners, with their different social and cultural backgrounds, attitudes and objectives, approach the learning in different ways. Why are some learners more successful than others? According to Nguyen (2009), good English language learners possess positive attitudes about learning, strong motivations towards learning, confidence in self and well-constructed strategies to manage learning independently. Little (2007) states that success in language learning is significantly influenced by learner autonomy and how much progress a language learner makes indicates how much he or she can take charge of his or her own learning. This research paper (1) clarifies and discusses the mutually supporting correlation between the development of EFL learner autonomy and the growth of target language proficiency, (2) points out some problems related to language learner autonomy in the EFL teaching and learning context of Vietnam, and (3) comes up with some suggestions in terms of what tertiary teachers of EFL can do to help their students promote both English proficiency and autonomy. Adapted from the source document Subject: Self Instruction (76555); Motivation (55580); Learning Strategies (46000); Vietnam (94100); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Individual Differences (35390); Students (84750) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Enhancement of Learner Autonomy and the Growth of English Language Proficiency Correspondence author: Nhan, Nguyen Trong   Author e-mail address: nguyentrongnhan120784@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 436-448 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302276 ProQuest document ID: 1315888181 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888181?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of Code Switching in Relation to ESL Author: Kumar, Nannapaneni Siva1; Narendra, M1 K. L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District Andhra Pradesh nannapanenisivakumar@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 65-71. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888222?accountid=50982 Abstract: Code Switching is a linguistic phenomenon claimed to be the most prevalent and common mode of interaction among bilingual speakers. This paper focuses on how and why teaching English using Code Switching can be an effective teaching and communicative approach and to what extent it helps the students to improve their proficiency of the target language. It also explores how far Code Switching is useful to the teachers of the English language to facilitate students' comprehension. The paper describes Code Switching, Bidialectalism Code Switching and Vernacular Code Switching, difference between Code Switching and Code Mixing, difference between Bilingual Method and Code Switching. The paper presents some of the major factors of Code Switching. Since Code Switching is widely construed as an effective social skill in communication, it is worthwhile to introduce in classrooms and analyze the relevant theory so that students will be benefited. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Use (44610); Code Switching (12650); Language of Instruction (43180); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Bilingual Education (08750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: A Study of Code Switching in Relation to ESL Correspondence author: Kumar, Nannapaneni Siva   Author e-mail address: nannapanenisivakumar@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 65-71 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302226 ProQuest document ID: 1315888222 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888222?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Importance of Ambience in Language Acquisition Author: Lakkaraju, Mrudula11 College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad-500017, Andhra Pradesh, India dr.mrudulalakkaraju@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 318-321. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888230?accountid=50982 Abstract: The learner of a language is not bothered by the fact of whether he is a primary, intermediate, or advanced learner, and neither does he understand the grammar translation method or the communication skills method. Ultimately, what matters most to the learner is whether he is able to communicate effectively and efficiently. In this article, Lakkaraju argues that the present set-up in teaching English is insufficient and discusses "the ambience one can develop for acquiring English very successfully." Ambience in the classroom environment is represented on three levels -- the physical level, the syllabus level, and the attitudinal level. On a physical level, it is important to make the learning environment comfortable, less rigid, more open, and free so that the learner is not intimidated. On a syllabus level, the teacher should become more focused on making the lesson memorable and "bring the lessons closer to life." On an attitudinal level, the teacher must practice the attitude committed to the encouragement of learning and not be judgmental about the students' mistakes. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Classroom Communication (12250); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Learning Environment (45880); Curriculum Planning (16780); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Importance of Ambience in Language Acquisition Correspondence author: Lakkaraju, Mrudula   Author e-mail address: dr.mrudulalakkaraju@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 318-321 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302227 ProQuest document ID: 1315888230 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888230?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Instructional Media and Its Impact on Government and Private Schools in Ethiopia Author: Devardhi, Julia1; Biftu, Geletesa1 School of Foreign Language Studies, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia 251 devardhi.julia@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 300-317. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888273?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is an old Chinese proverb that says: "Tell me and I will forget; Teach me and I might remember; Involve me and I will learn." This ancient proverb reflects the state of language retention and restoration. Living in a nation constructed of many diverse cultures provides teachers many unique conditions to their already challenging world of education. For centuries language was taught in the home and today the school is usually the place of language acquisition. Nowadays the two environments should work together to enhance exposure and success. Recently, much attention has been focused on the concept of bilingualism and the role of immersion. More and more of this attention is examining the role of immersion and its preference over the transitional bilingual approach (Kagan, 1990, p. 7). This urges us to carefully consider the impact that instructional media has on government and private schools in Ethiopia, which is a country of diversity in its culture and language. Hence, this research paper, "Instructional Media and its Impact on Government and Private Schools in Ethiopia" attempts to see if there exists any significant difference in the use of English as an instructional medium in both private and government schools and finally tries to perceive the cumulative effect that might happen due this difference. Apart from this, the paper also discusses the use of the vernacular language as medium of instruction and its possible impact on the learners. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language of Instruction (43180); Educational Policy (20940); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Immersion Programs (34650); Learning Environment (45880); Ethiopia (22830) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Instructional Media and Its Impact on Government and Private Schools in Ethiopia Correspondence author: Devardhi, Julia   Author e-mail address: devardhi.julia@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 300-317 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302213 ProQuest document ID: 1315888273 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888273?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Some Suggestions to Improve English Textbooks Published by the Tamilnadu Government Author: Thirumalai, M S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 373-376. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888325?accountid=50982 Abstract: Although the Tamilnadu government has been publishing English textbooks for use in schools for a long time, the design of the textbooks, contents, organization and presentation of contents, gradation of materials as well as the language used, relevance of the choice of topics, etc., has not greatly improved over the years. This article focuses on two specific issues regarding recommendations to improve the quality of these textbooks. Thirumalai argues that a distinction should be maintained between the choice of teachers to prepare English language textbooks and the choice of teachers for the preparation of non-language content-oriented/subject textbooks. Thirumalai also recommends that continuity should exist between books prepared for various standards. Adapted from the source document Subject: Educational Standards (20950); Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Some Suggestions to Improve English Textbooks Published by the Tamilnadu Government Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S   Author e-mail address: msthirumalai2@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 373-376 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302258 ProQuest document ID: 1315888325 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888325?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Technology in India Author: Niranjan, Keshav11 Singhania University, Pacheribari 333315, Rajasthan India keshav.niranjan@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 187-195. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888394?accountid=50982 Abstract: India is a multilingual country in which the constitution recognizes 24 languages and 12 scripts. The Information technology revolution, which requires a knowledge of English for the manipulation of digital data, demand for the acquisition of English has increased. Only five percent of the Indian population is familiar with English, and those with no experience in the language may have difficulty in using knowledge resources. While nearly 5half of the population speaks Hindi, this language remains largely untouched by developments in modern technical knowledge resources. Therefore, due to language barriers, the lack of English knowledge is a hindrance in the progress of science and technology in India. The government, aware of this fact, has focused on developing Indian language technology through the Department of Electronics and the Department of Official Language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); English (21900); Communication (13600); Language Planning (43400); India (35100) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy; 5518: interpersonal behavior and communication; technology and communication Title: Language Technology in India Correspondence author: Niranjan, Keshav   Author e-mail address: keshav.niranjan@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 187-195 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302659 ProQuest document ID: 1315888394 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888394?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Analysis of the Problems and Causes of Errors in Spoken English: A Case Study of the Female Engineering Students in the Age Group of 18-21 Years Author: Saha, Atanu1; Chanana, Sakshi1 Center for Linguistics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi India atanu.jnu@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 45-64. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888553?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper is an attempt to understand and analyze the problems and errors made by the students whose L1 is Hindi and other Indian languages and trying to learn English as a second language in India. The errors made during the test are categorized and analyzed on the basis of a score sheet and PRAAT software. It is realized that the proficiency and effective communication can be developed among the learners if they are instructed correctly. Adapted from the source document Subject: Speech Errors (82565); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); College Students (13250); Hindi (31950); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Computer Generated Language Analysis (14300) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: An Analysis of the Problems and Causes of Errors in Spoken English: A Case Study of the Female Engineering Students in the Age Group of 18-21 Years Correspondence author: Saha, Atanu   Author e-mail address: atanu.jnu@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 45-64 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302278 ProQuest document ID: 1315888553 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888553?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Enhancing ESL Learners' Technical English Writing Skills with Google Documents and Blogs-A Research Study Author: Sofia, H11 B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai- 600048, Tamilnadu, India sofiah@bsauniv.ac.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 449-461. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888726?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article reports on a study designed to explore the usefulness of Google Documents, a collaborative writing tool, and Google Blogs, a website allowing users to easily publish or post writing on the Internet, for helping improve the technical writing skills of first-year engineering students and for helping the students learn to use the Internet as a tool of exposing themselves to English. The study addressed the following issues: (1) the steps students progressed through while writing using Google Documents and Blogs; (2) students' reactions to the use of technology in learning to improve writing skills; and (3) how the Internet can be used in the future to enhance teaching-learning processes. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Internet (37500); Blogs (09170); Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Student Attitudes (84725); Educational Activities (20910); Written Language Instruction (99200); Second Language Writing (76180) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 5518: interpersonal behavior and communication; technology and communication Title: Enhancing ESL Learners' Technical English Writing Skills with Google Documents and Blogs-A Research Study Correspondence author: Sofia, H   Author e-mail address: sofiah@bsauniv.ac.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 449-461 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302249 ProQuest document ID: 1315888726 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888726?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Cue Therapy on Improving Naming Abilities in a Malayalam Speaking Person With Aphasia Author: Thomas, Roha1; Hariharan, Aparna; Rao, T A Subba1 College of Speech and Hearing, Maladi Court, Kavoor Mangalore-15, Karnataka, India rohathomas@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 4,  (April 2012): 409-421. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315889320?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article reports on a study that compared the efficacy of increasing versus decreasing cues in improving the naming abilities of a Malayalam-speaking individual with aphasia. It was hypothesized that there would be a change in the naming abilities of the participant following the treatment (cueing) procedure. The results of the study did suggest that increased cueing hierarchy facilitated correct naming responses in comparison to decreased cueing hierarchy, though these results should be interpreted with caution as this was a single case design. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cues/Cueing (16330); Malayalam (50770); Language Therapy (44400); Aphasia (03400); Case Studies (10820); Naming (56135) Classification: 6414: language-pathological and normal; aphasia; 6812: special education; language and speech therapy Title: The Effects of Increasing and Decreasing Cue Therapy on Improving Naming Abilities in a Malayalam Speaking Person With Aphasia Correspondence author: Thomas, Roha   Author e-mail address: rohathomas@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Pages: 409-421 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302913 ProQuest document ID: 1315889320 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315889320?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of the Difficulties and Possible Remedies of the Writing Skill among the Students of Preparatory Year, Najran University: TEFL in the Context Author: Khan, Mohammad Owais; Khan, Irshad Ahmad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 152-175. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315887945?accountid=50982 Abstract: Writing has always been a matter of concern for Arab students. There are several studies conducted by Arab and other scholars in the said field. Works done by scholars which focus on how writing skill can be developed; they suggested some of the models which are of high intensity and very few of them provide the root cause of the problem. The feeling and observation that have been set through years of teaching experience that students in this region are lacking of English writing opportunities i.e. students do not get adequate writing opportunities to write during their secondary classes. The assumption that this gap may be filled by giving them more practical exposure in writing so that the learners will be able to prove themselves as future proficient writers. This study aims to check/assess the present status in writing through different assessment tests and evaluations, then, enhance/develop the respective skill through different drills and teaching hours according to their need after first assessment phase. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Writing Tests (98850); Second Language Writing (76180); Higher Education (31750); Written Language Instruction (99200) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing; 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Study of the Difficulties and Possible Remedies of the Writing Skill among the Students of Preparatory Year, Najran University: TEFL in the Context Correspondence author: Khan, Mohammad Owais   Author e-mail address: khanmokhan1@gmail.coms Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 152-175 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302143 ProQuest document ID: 1315887945 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315887945?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Construction of Poetry Teaching in Ghanaian Senior High Schools Core English Language Textbooks Author: Quagie, John Kumah11 Ghana Telecom University College, Faculty of Informatics, PMB 100, Accra -Tesano, Ghana, West Africa jkumah@gtuc.edu.gh Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 247-273. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888113?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to find out how poetry teaching was constructed in the Ghanaian Senior High School Core English Language textbooks. The paper sought to ascertain which pedagogic theories as well as theories of literature underpinned the various poetry lessons in the Ghanaian Senior High School Core English Language textbooks. Qualitative analysis was used to analyse the twenty lessons on poetry teaching in the three core English Language textbooks to ascertain how poetry teaching was constructed. For example, it was found that the poetry lessons in the three Core English Language textbooks were underpinned by multimodal pedagogy of poetry teaching -- various approaches to teaching poetry such as writing, language learning, et cetera apart from text-based approach. In the case of the literature teaching approach, it was realised that poetry teaching was constructed predominantly in the textbooks as a way of learning about literary terminologies, interactive and language learning, exploratory learning, a way of drawing on students' experiences and many others. It was also observed that various identities for both teachers and students were constructed by the poetry lessons in the textbooks. For example, in some cases, the teacher was constructed as a reservoir of knowledge whereas students were seen as active and keen learners. Finally, as recommendation, the paper suggested that poetry teaching in the Ghanaian Senior High School Core English Language textbooks should be more of multimodal and student-centered in order to minimise the apathy associated with it. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Textbooks (44300); Educational Activities (20910); Native Language Instruction (56400); Secondary Education (76300); Ghana (28000); Poetry (66150) Classification: 4111: applied linguistics; native language instruction Title: The Construction of Poetry Teaching in Ghanaian Senior High Schools Core English Language Textbooks Correspondence author: Quagie, John Kumah   Author e-mail address: jkumah@gtuc.edu.gh Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 247-273 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302012 ProQuest document ID: 1315888113 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888113?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Use of English Adjectives among Jordanian EFL students in Al-Albeyt University: An Error Analysis Author: Al-Harafsheh, Aabdalla Nahar1; Pandian, Ambigapathy1 Department of English Language, School of languages, Literacies and Translation University Science Malaysia (USM) Malaysia Abby_alsarhan@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 675-695. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888121?accountid=50982 Abstract: This is an error analysis of adjectives in English. The study aimed at identifying and explaining the problem Jordanian Arabic-speaking EFL learners encounter in using English adjectives. In order to report the results, the researcher has composed a test. The test is divided into two sections, the first section consists of four multiple choices to identify the patterns of errors in English adjectives, the second section includes eleven filling-gap questions to determine the types of adjectives in which Jordanian EFL students make errors. The test was given to 150 students. They were asked to answer the test in 20 minutes. The study revealed that Jordanian EFL students commit errors when using English adjectives especially in double comparative, NP is (more/-er) adj. prep.phrase. NP, and word Adjectives with generic and plural reference (adj.s with plural reference. N). The study also revealed that Jordanian students face problem in some types of adjectives especially in comparative, superlative adjectives and adjectives with prepositions. The main factors for the frequent errors in these patterns and types of adjectives are transfer from mother tongue to English language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Error Analysis (Language) (22400); College Students (13250); Language Usage (44600); Adjectives (00350); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Arabic (03750); Transfer (Learning) (90850) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Use of English Adjectives among Jordanian EFL students in Al-Albeyt University: An Error Analysis Correspondence author: Al-Harafsheh, Aabdalla Nahar   Author e-mail address: Abby_alsarhan@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 675-695 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302267 ProQuest document ID: 1315888121 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888121?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching in India: A Brief Historical Sketch Author: Hussain, Wajahat11 Department of English, Govt. Degree College Poonch 185101, Jammu and Kashmir India wajahathussain3@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 91-101. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888187?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is a widely spoken language today. It has often been referred to as 'global language', the lingua franca of the modern era and currently the language most often taught as a second language around the world. With the Information Technology revolution and most software and operating systems being developed in the English language, a new utility for written and oral communication in the English language has emerged. English is said to be the world's most important language having communicative and educative value. English is used all over the world not out of any imposition but because of the realization that it has certain advantages. A very important reason for regarding English as a world language is that the world's knowledge is enshrined in English. It is a progressive language. It is dynamic and flexible. Furthermore, English is universally renowned for its power of expression and its rich literature. The changing times have witnessed the growing importance of the English language in all walks of life. It does not seem that we are using the English language as non-native speakers, or as a second language. Conscious and unconscious use of the words in our everyday conversation from the English language bears evidence to this fact. Therefore, the English language has become the primary requirement for interconnectedness of people, and for free exchange of ideas, cultures and economies and a lingua franca for communication, business and education. In this paper an attempt has been made to highlight the status and importance of teaching English as a second or foreign language in India over the years. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as an International Language (22200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); History of Language Teaching (32144); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching in India: A Brief Historical Sketch Correspondence author: Hussain, Wajahat   Author e-mail address: wajahathussain3@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 91-101 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302220 ProQuest document ID: 1315888187 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888187?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Spelling Mastery through Internet and E-Learning Author: Latheef, Vennakkadan Abdul11 Department of English, Maoulana Azad National Urdu University, Gachibowli P.O, Hyderabad-500032, Andhra Pradesh, India latheefv@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 200-210. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888237?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study delves deep into the sources of materials available on the Internet for facilitating mastery of the complex system of English orthography and examines the need of giving due weight to spelling instruction in ELT curriculum. The basic principles of spelling instruction and divergent perspectives on spelling down the years are also discussed. The limitations of the traditional approach to spelling and the specific advantages of using e-resources and 'spellwares' in teaching/learning English spelling system to learners of all levels are widely explored in the light of researches in spelling acquisition. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Internet (37500); Spelling Instruction (83350) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Spelling Mastery through Internet and E-Learning Correspondence author: Latheef, Vennakkadan Abdul   Author e-mail address: latheefv@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 200-210 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302228 ProQuest document ID: 1315888237 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888237?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Thematic Progression in Iranian English Textbooks Author: Ebrahimi, Seyed Foad1; Khedri, Mohsen1 Department of English, Shadegan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shadegan, Iran seyedfoade@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 69-81. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888288?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study made frequency and functional analysis of thematic progression patterns in Iranian English textbooks used for teaching Pre-requisite, English for General Purposes and English for Specific Purposes courses at Iranian universities at B.A. level. To this end, twelve units, from six textbooks were randomly selected. Then the data were analyzed based on thematic progression model proposed by McCabe (1999). The data analysis reported significant differences in the three textbooks regarding linear progression and miscellaneous patterns. This study may have implication in syllabus designing and reading comprehension. Adapted from the source document Subject: Iran (38300); Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Curriculum Planning (16780); Reading Comprehension (70750); Theme (89350); Rheme (73250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Thematic Progression in Iranian English Textbooks Correspondence author: Ebrahimi, Seyed Foad   Author e-mail address: seyedfoade@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 69-81 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302215 ProQuest document ID: 1315888288 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888288?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Performance of Male and Female Students of First Year Engineering in Reading Comprehension Tests Author: Sankarakumar, S1; Chandrakanthi, S; Malathy, P1 Department of English, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641004, Tamilnadu India sankareng@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 307-324. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888536?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research study was designed to assess the performance of male and female students on a reading test with regard to demands on the strategy use and the interaction of the text topic with gender in a formal testing environment. The participants were 140 (90 -- male and 50 -- female) first year students in the 17 -- 19 age range studying Engineering at PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, South India. After 20 hours instruction in reading skills during their course work "Communication Skills in English", the reading test was administered to the participants. The test material consists of two passages, both dealing with topics without gender bias. The questions based on these two passages were classified into three categories: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), Identifying True or False Statements (T/F), and Matching the Vocabulary (MV). The demanding nature of each question enabled the students to interact with the reading text using different strategies. The findings of the study suggest that males and females perform differently on different items. Significant differences in their performance on "Multiple Choice Questions" and "True or False Statements" (T/F) were found for both the passages. Conversely, there were no significant differences in their performance on "Matching the Vocabulary items (MV)" for both the passages. Further, the text topics, which were not gender-biased, did not have an effect on the performance. Nonetheless, the overall performance of male and female students of first year graduate engineers on the reading comprehension tests were significantly different, implying that the text topic did not influence the performance on the reading comprehension test. This research paper discusses the findings and suggests suitable classroom implications. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Strategies (71400); Familiarity (23800); Sex Differences (77850); Reading Comprehension (70750); Reading Tests (71550); English as a Second Language Tests (22150) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment; 4120: applied linguistics; reading testing Title: The Performance of Male and Female Students of First Year Engineering in Reading Comprehension Tests Correspondence author: Sankarakumar, S   Author e-mail address: sankareng@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 307-324 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302091 ProQuest document ID: 1315888536 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888536?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Impact of Commercialization on Language with Special Reference to Urdu Lexicon Author: Fatima, Somana; Beg, Masood Ali Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 410-620. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888634?accountid=50982 Abstract: Urdu is one of the Indo-Aryan Languages which has developed from Sanskrit through Khari Boli and Saurseni Prakrit. The development of Urdu took place after 1000 A.D. which marks the end of Apabhramsa Period. (Kelkar, 1968). There were certain political and socio-cultural influences which favored and prepared background for the evolution of Urdu in India. Its proper development started, only when Muslim entered Delhi from Punjab in 1193 A.D., and made the city capital of their empire. It has adopted certain elements from Arabic and Persian Languages, example phonological features, grammatical features and a considerable part of lexicon. (Beg, 1986) Urdu is closely related to Hindi in phonology and grammar. As a language of 'mixed' background, Urdu manifests diversity of problems at various structural levels out of which its phonology requires a special treatment as it has socio-linguistic and socio-cultural implications. Urdu is not just a language specified in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution; it is widely used in India. Its speakers are spread over a number of states in India including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and far off states like Karnataka and Maharashtra. It is the state language of Jammu and Kashmir in India and the official language of Pakistan. In Manorama Yearbook it is given that Urdu is spoken by more than twenty-eight million people in India. Urdu employs the Perso-Arabic script. It has produced extensive literature. Its idioms fascinate even those who know it marginally. One obvious reason for this is its rich and glorious past of our country. Urdu assimilated words from Arabic, Persian and Turkish apart from a large number of words from English and other languages (Kelkar, 1968, p. 20). Urdu basically is a Khadi Boli Idiom which developed in the North India especially in and around Delhi by the end of the twelfth century A.D. This was the time when due to the settlement of Muslims comprising Turks, Afghans and Iranians; and establishment of the Muslim rule in Delhi, certain socio-political, cultural and linguistic changes were taking place in North India. It was during this period that Khadi Boli came under the influence of new linguistic and cultural forces and eventually became a full-fledged language called 'Urdu'. Though the structure of Urdu is purely Indo-Aryan, its vocabulary is largely derived from Persian and Arabic and it is written in an 'adaptation' of the Perso-Arabic script. (Beg, 1986) Hindi, which is mutually intelligible with Urdu on the colloquial level, uses the Devanagari writing system and derives its formal vocabulary from Sanskrit. Hindi also imbibes rich literary traditions of dialects such as Braj Bhasha, Awadhi, etc. It developed its Khadi Boli style at a very late stage, i.e., at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Even Dhirendra Verma, an eminent Hindi scholar and linguistic, admits that 'historically, Khadi Boli Urdu in its usage is much older than the literary Khadi Boli Hindi. It is interesting to note that during the early phases of the Muslim settlement, anything indigenous to India was termed by the Muslim settlers as 'Hindi' (Hind+i). The word Hind meaning 'India', comes from the Persian language, and the suffix -i which is transcribed in the Persian alphabet as ya-i-ma'ruf is a grammatical marker meaning 'relating to'. The word Hindi, thus, meant 'relating/ belonging to India' or the 'Indian native'. This language is called as 'the Khadi Boli style of Urdu'. (Beg, 1986) The same Khadi Boli style of Urdu is termed by P. B. Pandit (1977, p. 57) as 'the Northern lingua franca'. In course of its development, the Khadi Boli style of Urdu was known by various names such as Rekhta, Zaban-i-Delhi, Zaban-i-Dehlavi, Zaban-i-Hindostan, Hindostani, Hindustani, Zaban-i-Urdu-i-Mu'alla, Urdu-i-Mu'alla, Zaban-i-Urdu or simply Urdu, besides being known as Hindi or Hindavi (Hindawi). In a hierarchical patterning of speech variation, no single variety can be associated with the dominant role of a standard language appropriate for all members of the speech community at all times and on all occasion; high Hindi and high Urdu are spoken in formal setting, and 'bazaar Hindustani' is identified with informal interaction. (Khubchandani, 1997, p. 170). Adapted from the source document Subject: Lexicon (47150); Sociolinguistics (80200); Speech Communities (82410); Language Variation (44640); Hindi (31950); India (35100) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Impact of Commercialization on Language with Special Reference to Urdu Lexicon Correspondence author: Fatima, Somana   Author e-mail address: somanafatima17883@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 410-620 Number of pages: 211 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302605 ProQuest document ID: 1315888634 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888634?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Indianisms in English Language-With Special Reference to Malayalam English Author: Rajan, K Muthu1; Raj, A Anitha1 Research Centre in English, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626001, Tamil Nadu, India muthurajan75@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 82-90. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888796?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article highlights the influence of English as a global language over the language of Malayalam. The influence works on both languages as each informs the other as the need arises. In particular, the article examines the variety of English spoken by the people of Kerala. With the high literacy rate in this state, most of the people of Kerala have had some introduction to English in school. Nevertheless, Malayalam speakers display a heavy influence of their mother tongue on the English that they speak. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Contact (42100); India (35100); Malayalam (50770); English as an International Language (22200); Language Varieties (44650); Indian English (35150); Regional Dialects (72100) Classification: 5117: descriptive linguistics; dialectology Title: Indianisms in English Language-With Special Reference to Malayalam English Correspondence author: Rajan, K Muthu   Author e-mail address: muthurajan75@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 82-90 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302500 ProQuest document ID: 1315888796 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315888796?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Linguistic Duopoly: A Case of Mewati Author: Bakshi, Prerna11 Department of Linguistics University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia prernabakshi84@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 5,  (May 2012): 231-246. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315889210?accountid=50982 Abstract: Considerable attention has been drawn recently towards the plight of immigrant languages or minority languages. Much is being done to maintain these languages and to bring the issues surrounding them to the public eye. However, not much has been done on linguistic varieties labelled as 'dialects'. This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring the issues surrounding a language variety called Mewati. This paper examines the status of Mewati in relation to the other dominant languages of Hindi and Urdu and attempts to explain how social institutions like local state run schools and madrasas contribute towards language shift. Additionally, the study explores the relationship between language, religion and identity and the politics thereof. It is recommended that school curriculums must make a room for Mewati if its maintenance is to be ensured. Adapted from the source document Subject: Linguistic Identity (47470); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Minority Languages (54250); Language Policy (43450); Language Shift (43750); Language Maintenance (42950); Indo Iranian Languages (35430); Hindi (31950); Language Status (43920) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy; 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: Linguistic Duopoly: A Case of Mewati Correspondence author: Bakshi, Prerna   Author e-mail address: prernabakshi84@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 5 Pages: 231-246 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-03-01 Accession number: 201302653 ProQuest document ID: 1315889210 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1315889210?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Factors Affecting Quality of Teaching-Learning of English Reading at the Secondary School Level Author: Bala, Vanite1; Bamba, Veena1 Research Scholar, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India vanitabala@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 585-596. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477079?accountid=50982 Abstract: English in India is more than a foreign language and less than a second language. It has become the walk of all trades and developments. In Haryana state it is considered a second language, compulsory from 1st grade. English has been part of our education system for more than a century. Yet, the quality of English teaching is simply not good enough. The support systems, such as the number of teachers or materials for teaching, are neither adequate nor appropriate. The objective of the present study is to analyse the factors influencing teaching learning of reading ability of English language. Survey method is adopted to collect the data by instrumenting self-prepared teachers' opinionnaire. The data reveals that education system is highly responsible for the precarious situation of English. Methods of teaching and other socio-cultural factors are also found responsible to some extent to make the situation more dismal. It is suggested that the first and the foremost concern should be to make amendments in the education system especially the staffing of trained faculty and essential infrastructure. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Reading Instruction (75950); India (35100); Second Language Reading (75930); Secondary Education (76300); Teaching Methods (88150) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: Factors Affecting Quality of Teaching-Learning of English Reading at the Secondary School Level Correspondence author: Bala, Vanite   Author e-mail address: vanitabala@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 585-596 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309559 ProQuest document ID: 1373477079 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477079?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Relationship between Morphology and Reading in Kannada Author: Kuppuraj, S1; Abhishek, B; Prema, K S1 Junior Research Fellow, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India kuppu_k7@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 397-421. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477106?accountid=50982 Abstract: The majority of research into early reading has been reported from Western countries, with English in particular being explored in terms of the significant contribution of phonological awareness to early reading skills. The influence of language and script structure on reading acquisition has also been observed. While alphabetical languages require letter mapping while reading, mapping occurs at the syllable level in alpha-syllabic languages such as Kannada. In character reading in languages such as Kannada, morphological knowledge may play an even more crucial role when compared to letter reading. As mapping units change from smaller to bigger uniques, the significance of phonological awareness for reading acquisition has been questioned by many investigators. This study examines the relationship between morphological sensitivity to reading development in Kannada using a reading task along with inflectional/derivational morphologies in sentence and priming tasks in students of grades IV, V, and VI. This study aims to "trace the development in morphological knowledge as reading performance increases and report the correlation between morphological knowledge and literacy." Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Acquisition (70650); Reading Processes (71150); Morphological Processing (55440); Phonological Awareness (64970); Kannada (40400); Elementary School Students (21520) Classification: 4116: applied linguistics; reading readiness/acquisition/achievement; 4020: psycholinguistics; morphological processing Title: Relationship between Morphology and Reading in Kannada Correspondence author: Kuppuraj, S   Author e-mail address: kuppu_k7@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 397-421 Number of pages: 25 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309554 ProQuest document ID: 1373477106 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477106?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Strategies of Language Appropriation in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns Author: Awan, Muhammad Safeer1; Ali, Muhammad1 Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan safeer.awan@iiu.edu.pk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 478-496. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477552?accountid=50982 Abstract: Indigenization of English, especially in the creative writings of the former colonized countries, is an established phenomenon that is taking ever new forms and gaining popular currency with the spread of postcolonial literatures around the world. Apart from the colonial experience, globalization and immigration are two other shaping forces that are contributing to the emergence of such works that appropriate English and incorporate the cultural sensibilities of the non-English societies. The linguistic abrogation is the postcolonial writers' rejection of the notion of a singular, Standard English. Postcolonial writing pursues this agenda. However appropriate may be the dominant language to capture and describe the local reality, the Standard English is no more the language of cultural imperialism. Most of the times, in cross-cultural texts, it is the parenthetic translation of individual words that indicates the cultural difference. Such glosses indicate an implicit gap between the word and the referent. This gap turns the glossed word into a cultural sign. Another strategy of conveying the sense of cultural distinctiveness is leaving the words un-translated. Sometimes such words are left un-glossed with a context to give their meaning. In postcolonial texts, this political act of leaving the words un-translated indicates that the text is written in an 'other' language. Some postcolonial writers fuse the linguistic structures of two languages generating an 'inter-culture'. Further, a blend of local language syntax with the lexical forms of English is also frequent in postcolonial writings. Code-switching is the most common strategy of appropriating the language. Kachru sorted out some other strategies of appropriation -- lexical innovations, translation equivalence, contextual redefinition, as well as rhetorical and functional styles. While the researchers of the present study, taking their cue from the strategies of language appropriation as pointed out by Kachru and Ashcroft et.al., have applied them to Khalid Hosseini's novel A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007), they have discovered two new linguistic strategies in Hosseini's novel. Adapted from the source document Subject: New Englishes (57455); Language Usage (44600); Literary Criticism (48700); Novels (59800); Code Switching (12650); Cultural Factors (16500); Language Varieties (44650) Classification: 5711: poetics/literary theory; literary criticism/theory Title: Strategies of Language Appropriation in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns Correspondence author: Awan, Muhammad Safeer   Author e-mail address: safeer.awan@iiu.edu.pk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 478-496 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310323 ProQuest document ID: 1373477552 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477552?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Nigerian English Usage: Its Lexico-semantic Features in The Joys of Motherhood by Buchi Emecheta Author: Adebileje, Adebola1; Araba, Oluwanisola1 Redeemer's University, College of Humanities, Department of English, KM 46, Lagos-Ibadan Express Way, Redemption Camp, Mowe, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Post Office, Ogun State, Nigeria bolaomolara@yahoo.co.uk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 1-27. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477633?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article provides an examination of the lexico-semantic features of Nigerian English in Buchi Emecheta's novel "The Joys of Motherhood" based on the theories of Efurosibina Adegbija (1989) and Edmund Bamiro (1991). Adopting a combination of these two lexico-semantic theories, this analysis focuses on such features as direct lexical transfer, loan blends, coinage, loan shifts, and analogical creation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nigerian English (57915); Novels (59800); Lexical Semantics (46770); Borrowing (09300); Language Contact (42100); Analogy (Language Change) (02550); Language Usage (44600) Classification: 4414: semantics; lexical semantics Title: Nigerian English Usage: Its Lexico-semantic Features in The Joys of Motherhood by Buchi Emecheta Correspondence author: Adebileje, Adebola   Author e-mail address: bolaomolara@yahoo.co.uk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 1-27 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309850 ProQuest document ID: 1373477633 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477633?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gandhi and His Hindustani Author: Teli, Ganpat11 Centre of Indian Language, School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi-110067 India ganpat.ac@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 137-144. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477701?accountid=50982 Abstract: During the freedom movement of India, the complex and controversial of the National Language was raised. In this controversy Gandhi supported the concept of Hindustani. Gandhi's thoughts on languages are discussed in this paper. This article will try to look on other dimensions of his thoughts on languages as well. Gandhi accepts religion as a base to consolidate his views on language. However, Gandhi's concept was an expression of exclusion in some sense, as non-northern and non-Hindu and non-Muslims weren't part of it. In addition to these features, Gandhi's contradictions regarding thoughts on language will also be discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: National Languages (56300); Hindi (31950); Language Attitudes (41800); Language Policy (43450); India (35100) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Gandhi and His Hindustani Correspondence author: Teli, Ganpat   Author e-mail address: ganpat.ac@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 137-144 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310303 ProQuest document ID: 1373477701 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477701?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teacher and Learner in Humanistic Language Teaching Author: Amini, Davoud1; Amini, Mansour1 Department of English, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Branch, Sarab, Iran davudamini@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 100-112. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477737?accountid=50982 Abstract: Since 'the development of whole person' was brought to the focus of attention by humanist psychologists as a central concern in educational theory, affective variables have been assumed to have a significant share in the learning process that goes on in a pedagogical setting. Meanwhile, the process of second language development, because of the very nature of language as a vehicle for communication, is immensely influenced by socio-affective variables. In an instructional setting, on the other hand, emotional factors are clearly manifested in what goes on between the teacher and learners. As a result, the way the affective dimension of teacher-learner interactions is handled can predict, to a large extent, the effectiveness of interactional activities in second language classes. In this paper, having reviewed the learner-teacher relationship in methodologies that were particularly based on humanistic language teaching, I will argue, following Kumaravadivelu's post-method pedagogy, that humanistic handling of the instructional situation by the teacher, beyond any methodological considerations, pledges a more positive atmosphere and better chances of language acquisition as a consequence. A set of guidelines are proposed to ascertain a humanistic relationship between teacher and learners in a language class. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); Second Language Teachers (76120); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700); Student Teacher Relationship (84730); Classroom Communication (12250) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Teacher and Learner in Humanistic Language Teaching Correspondence author: Amini, Davoud   Author e-mail address: davudamini@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 100-112 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309466 ProQuest document ID: 1373477737 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477737?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ University Students' Perceptions of the Teaching Effectiveness of Native and Nonnative Teachers of English in the Saudi Context Author: Alseweed, Mohammad A1; Daif-Allah, Ayman Sabry1 Qassim University, Saudi Arabia malseweed@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 35-60. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477867?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper addresses the debate comparing the traits of native English speaker teachers (NESTs) and non-native English speaker teachers (NNESTs). It reports on the design and outcomes of a study carried out in Qassim University with 169 Saudi Preparatory Year Program (PYP) students to obtain a deeper insight into their perceptions of the influence of native and nonnative teachers on the English language classroom. A triangulation technique was used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data in two stages by means of students' questionnaires and interviews in addition to classroom visits to both groups of teachers. The results indicated strong significant differences between native and nonnative teachers in teaching specific skill areas, with a significant increasing preference for NESTs over NNESTs as Saudi students move from pre-university to university level. The study concluded that the debate can be discussed only in terms of professionalism rather than nativeness and that a combination of both native and non-native EFL teacher would create a healthy and productive learning environment for English language learners in Saudi Arabia. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Student Attitudes (84725); College Students (13250); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Native Speakers (56450); Nonnative Speakers (58230); Saudi Arabia (75100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: University Students' Perceptions of the Teaching Effectiveness of Native and Nonnative Teachers of English in the Saudi Context Correspondence author: Alseweed, Mohammad A   Author e-mail address: malseweed@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 35-60 Number of pages: 26 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309704 ProQuest document ID: 1373477867 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477867?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Using Literature to Foster Competence in Speaking Author: Gandhi, Jaspreet11 Graphic Era University, Dehradun. 248001, Uttarakhand, India versatile.jaspreet@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 304-312. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478213?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first part focuses on the difficulties and challenges that the students face in communicating efficiently. The second part of the paper emphasises how literature can be an effective tool in developing speaking skills. The use of literature evokes a personal response in the reader or listener. The material used in literature is authentic. It provides exposure to real language; it can relate to the learners' need more closely with a more creative approach and have a positive effect on the learners' motivation. Literature also provides interesting language practice materials in the form of drama, poetry and prose. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how these three areas: Poetry, Prose and Drama expand and encourage the learners in acquiring speaking skills. The emphasis has been laid on how these areas assist learners to comprehend the language effortlessly. When a teacher narrates a story, his aim should be to make the students interact by giving his opinions, feelings and personal experiences. Similarly teaching poetry will also motivate the students to discuss the characters and theme, or debate the moral issues. Furthermore, my focus will also be on drama which is again a very valuable tool to work on the speaking skills, especially pronunciation. Drama bridges the gap between the course book dialogue and its natural usage and when the learners play, move and act at the same time with drama, they become more confident in communicating and it elevates their learning process. Adapted from the source document Subject: Literature (49250); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pronunciation Instruction (68560); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Drama (19750); Poetry (66150); Authentic Texts (06700) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Using Literature to Foster Competence in Speaking Correspondence author: Gandhi, Jaspreet   Author e-mail address: versatile.jaspreet@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 304-312 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309723 ProQuest document ID: 1373478213 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478213?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Learning Disability in Identical Twins Author: Sebastian, Swapna1; Chengappa, Shyamala; Ballraj, Achamma1 Audio Vestibular Unit, Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, Tamilnadu, India swapna_santhosh@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 580-584. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478300?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study reveals the details of a pair of identical twins with idioglossia and Language Learning disability. The children were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team consisting of an Otorhinolaryngologist, Neurologist, Audiologist, Speech Language Pathologist and Psychologist. Both children showed idioglossia, a history of delayed speech and language milestones, misarticulations and dysgraphia. There was an association between their misarticulations and the spelling errors. It is suggested that oral production is essential for later writing skills to develop. Both the children had exceptionally good skills in Mathematics. Early identification and intervention of twins with language delay is crucial. Adapted from the source document Subject: Twins (91980); Children (11850); Learning Disabilities (45850); Delayed Language Acquisition (17950); Language Impairment (42700); Dysgraphia (20205); Voice Disorders (95150) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Language Learning Disability in Identical Twins Correspondence author: Sebastian, Swapna   Author e-mail address: swapna_santhosh@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 580-584 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310590 ProQuest document ID: 1373478300 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478300?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evaluation of English Textbooks of Class XI and Class XII in Assam Author: Syam, Nilanjana11 Department of Education, Assam University, Silchar 788004, District: Cachar, Assam, India nilanjanasyam81@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 575-579. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478330?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language textbooks should meet curriculum goals while possessing all the agreed-upon standards of a quality language text. This article highlights research into the evaluation of existing English-language textbooks used in the higher secondary level (Classes XI and XII) in Assam. While it was found that the textbooks used at this level are "good in the light of the qualities expected from a textbook," changes are still needed in the form of including some topics which can aid in the development of communicative skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Secondary Education (76300); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Evaluation of English Textbooks of Class XI and Class XII in Assam Correspondence author: Syam, Nilanjana   Author e-mail address: nilanjanasyam81@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 575-579 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Languageof publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309756 ProQuest document ID: 1373478330 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478330?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Motivation toward Learning English among Undergraduate Students of Pakistan Author: Khan, Qaisar1; Sultana, Nighat; Naz, Arab; Bughio, Faraz Ali1 Faculty of Advanced Integrated Studies & Research, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan kkaiserkhan@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 252-279. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478374?accountid=50982 Abstract: The determination of motivational factors serves a key to suggest improvements and to enhance the experience of language learning. Various projects and training sessions are held regularly in Pakistan to further refine learning strategies. Theorists emphasize the necessity to identify motivational factors in a learning environment which, according to them, can account for both high level of achievement or can be of value to explain underachievement among the FL or L2 learners. The purpose of this study is to define, describe and examine integrative and instrumental motivation among the undergraduate students of Pakistan towards learning of English as a foreign language. The idea was explored through a questionnaire, completed in University of Malakand (UOM), which was designed on the model of Gardner (1985) and Clement, Dornyei & Noels (1994). For the purpose of the study, a total of 40 students were selected from undergraduate courses including Sociology, Economics, Mathematics and Statistics. Based on findings of the study, students were found to be more instrumentally motivated. Adapted from the source document Subject: College Students (13250); Student Attitudes (84725); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Motivation (55580); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Learning Environment (45880) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Motivation toward Learning English among Undergraduate Students of Pakistan Correspondence author: Khan, Qaisar   Author e-mail address: kkaiserkhan@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 252-279 Number of pages: 28 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309732 ProQuest document ID: 1373478374 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478374?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ CALL of English Author: Vishranthi, Nallipogu11 Plot 1079, Flat 102, Anirudh Arcade, Ayyappa Society, Madhapur, Hyderabad 500081, Andhra Pradesh, India vishranthi.n@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 597-600. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478390?accountid=50982 Abstract: The monopoly of both technology and English language usage is the mark of today's modernized and globalized environment. Students are equipped and equipping themselves for the competition through English language learning and acquisition. Students have new ways of learning second language now by the introduction of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in addition to the normal pedagogic process. But the question remains, Is CALL successful in what it is intended for or what are the challenges that it still faces? Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: CALL of English Correspondence author: Vishranthi, Nallipogu   Author e-mail address: vishranthi.n@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 597-600 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309759 ProQuest document ID: 1373478390 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478390?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Socio-Economic Assistance to Rural Youth with Specific Reference to Their Linguistic Empowerment in English Author: Rajashekar11 Department of English, University College of Arts, Tumkur University, B H Road, Tumkur 572 103, Karnataka, India rshekar.gummaraju@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 532-538. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478406?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the need for linguistic empowerment among the rural youth of India. Highlighted in particular is an initiative between the Ministry of Rural Development in partnership with corporate industries and non-governmental organizations. This program aims to engage rural youth in an English-language skill-exchange program in order to help them develop marketable language skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Social Factors (79910); Economic Factors (20600); Rural Areas (74335); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Socio-Economic Assistance to Rural Youth with Specific Reference to Their Linguistic Empowerment in English Correspondence author: Rajashekar   Author e-mail address: rshekar.gummaraju@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 532-538 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309747 ProQuest document ID: 1373478406 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478406?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ To Correct or Not to Correct-Usual and Unusual Errors among Telugu Speakers of English Author: Rao, S Jayasrinivasa11 Department of Humanities and Sciences, Aurora's Scientific and Technological Institute, Aushapur, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad 501301, Andhra Pradesh, India esjeisiri.row@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 313-322. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478431?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is inevitable that learners make mistakes in the process of second language learning. However, what is questioned by English teachers is why students go on making the same mistakes even when such mistakes have been repeatedly pointed out to them. Not all mistakes are the same: some are too deeply ingrained to be corrected, others get corrected with ease. Teachers have come to realize that the mistakes learners make in the process of constructing a new system of language need to be analyzed carefully. In this respect, this article aims to classify errors committed by Telugu speakers of English so that these help us diagnose the learning problems at any stage of development. The errors can be categorized as omission, addition, selection and ordering errors in the domain of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Some errors are largely global and hinder communication while others are local which do not prevent the message from being understood because of a minimal violation in a segment of a sentence. In this article, I also try to categorize errors according to their psycholinguistic sources of error, whether they stem from a first language transfer (interlingual) or from an inconsistent rule in the target language (intralingual). A close analysis of errors will thus help us (i) identify strategies learners use in learning English, (ii) identify sources of learner errors, and (iii) think of appropriate ways and activities to aid learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Transfer (Learning) (90850); Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Telugu (88320); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Feedback (23950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: To Correct or Not to Correct-Usual and Unusual Errors among Telugu Speakers of English Correspondence author: Rao, S Jayasrinivasa   Author e-mail address: esjeisiri.row@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 313-322 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309748 ProQuest document ID: 1373478431 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478431?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Elaborate Focus on Kinship Terms Author: Ebenezar, S Ruby11 English, Quaid-E-Millath College for Women, Anna Salai, Chennai-600 002. Tamil Nadu, India rubyebenezer@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 601-627. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478460?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article provides an examination into the relationship between language in culture in terms of translation. No language can exist without being steeped in the context of culture, and no culture can exist without possessing the structure of natural language. Problems in translation can arise when a cultural term in the source language is absent in the target language. This article explores this issue with reference to kinship terminology. Adapted from the source document Subject: Kinship Terminology (40900); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Translation (91200) Classification: 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: An Elaborate Focus on Kinship Terms Correspondence author: Ebenezar, S Ruby   Author e-mail address: rubyebenezer@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 601-627 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309979 ProQuest document ID: 1373478460 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478460?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Learning Strategies Employed by Jordanian Students at Yarmouk University Author: Al-Khasawneh, Abdel-Basit Mohammad1; Al-Khasawneh, Fadi Maher1 The Northern University of Malaysia abumuhab1@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 7,  (July 2012): 145-154. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478588?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current study aims at investigating the language learning strategies that are most frequently employed by EFL learners at Yarmouk University. It also aims to find out if there are statistically significant differences in the use of language learning strategies in relation to gender. The sample of this study encompasses 121 students (65 male students and 56 female students) from the various faculties at Yarmouk University. For this purpose, the researchers developed a questionnaire based on Oxford's (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The data obtained were calculated and analyzed via descriptive statistics and independent sample T-test. The results revealed that Jordanian students are moderate users of language learning strategies. Compensation strategies were the most frequently employed language learning strategies, while the least frequently employed strategies were the memory strategies. In addition, the results showed no statistically significant differences in the use of language learning strategies in relation to gender. Adapted from the source document Subject: Learning Strategies (46000); College Students (13250); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Sex Differences (77850); Jordan (39800) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: English Language Learning Strategies Employed by Jordanian Students at Yarmouk University Correspondence author: Al-Khasawneh, Abdel-Basit Mohammad   Author e-mail address: abumuhab1@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Pages: 145-154 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly J ournals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309766 ProQuest document ID: 1373478588 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478588?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Speaking Skills through Communicative Activities: A Classroom Report Author: Nikam, Sandip J11 English, KTHM College, Gangapur Road, Nashik 422 002, Maharashtra, India sandipnikam59@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 395-402. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477147?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper, stressing the need for innovation in order to improve English language instruction in India, aims to highlight communicative activities that can be used to effectively teach speaking skills and help "make students more pro-active in the use of the English language in real life situations." This paper reports on the effect of a number of communicative activities on participating undergraduate students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); India (35100); Educational Activities (20910); Communicative Competence (13650) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Speaking Skills through Communicative Activities: A Classroom Report Correspondence author: Nikam, Sandip J   Author e-mail address: sandipnikam59@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 395-402 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309737 ProQuest document ID: 1373477147 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477147?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Origin and Evolution of Human Language-A Brief Survey of Some Theories and Approaches Author: Nehal, Mohammad1; Afzal, Mohammad1 Department of English, Sabour College, TM Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur 813210, Bihar, India md.nehal2012@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 108-122. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477728?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is a complex human behavior which defies many disciplines in describing its formal structure and function (theoretical linguistics). Origin of language has been all the more difficult to explore as the archaeological, anthropological, biological, genetic, neurological and psychological evidences are varied and a unified view of language development and behavior is difficult to reach. The process of language acquisition and application of the tool of language for educational and mental development is being seriously explored. The theoretical discipline of linguistics has to give a comprehensive view of syntax, semantics and pragmatics in language comprehension, whereas a mathematical theory of information in philosophy and language has still some challenging problems. The present article reviews the major trends in linguistic research and their implications for solving human problems in education, behavior and artificial intelligence. Adapted from the source document Subject: Humans (32796); Origin of Language (61550); Theoretical Linguistics (89450); Language Acquisition (41600) Classification: 5122: descriptive linguistics; language origins Title: Origin and Evolution of Human Language-A Brief Survey of Some Theories and Approaches Correspondence author: Nehal, Mohammad   Author e-mail address: md.nehal2012@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 108-122 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language ofpublication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310124 ProQuest document ID: 1373477728 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477728?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Teaching in Pakistan from the Perspective of English as a Globalised Language Author: Bacha, Mian Shah11 English/Ex-HoD Humanities, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan bachamsb@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 243-296. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477991?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights English language instruction in Pakistan from the perspective of English as a global language. This study uses quantitative and qualitative data obtained from questionnaires and interviews designed to determine teachers' and students' perceptions on the topic. The questionnaire, adapted from Rana Yildirin's article "The Question of Global English-Language Teaching," addressed the dimensions of (1) English as a global language, (2) the ownership of English, (3) the status of native speakers of English as opposed to non-native speakers, (4) the cultural content of English language teaching, and (5) the appropriateness of methods and materials developed by the Inner Circle for English-language students in Pakistan. The questions of the interviews were adapted from Zacharias T. Nugrahenny (2003). Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Student Attitudes (84725); Teacher Attitudes (87840); English as an International Language (22200); Globalization (28120); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: English Language Teaching in Pakistan from the Perspective of English as a Globalised Language Correspondence author: Bacha, Mian Shah   Author e-mail address: bachamsb@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 243-296 Number of pages: 54 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309707 ProQuest document ID: 1373477991 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477991?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Integrating Translation into Task-Based Activities-A New Direction for ESL Teachers Author: Ali, Shamim11 Department of English (Functional Courses), National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan dr.shamimali@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 429-440. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478177?accountid=50982 Abstract: Translation is an efficient teaching method to facilitate students in the acquisition of foreign languages. Through the process of doing translation, students apply their linguistic knowledge into practical use and raise awareness of the similarities and differences in morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics between the two languages. The incorporation of translation into task-based activities teaches students that translation is not a discrete and useless grammar drill but rather a communicative tool to help them achieve real-life tasks. Adapted from the source document Subject: Translation (91200); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Integrating Translation into Task-Based Activities-A New Direction for ESL Teachers Correspondence author: Ali, Shamim   Author e-mail address: dr.shamimali@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 429-440 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Schol arly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309702 ProQuest document ID: 1373478177 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478177?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Listening Comprehension Problems-Voices from the Classroom Author: Hamouda, Arafat11 Department of English Language and Translation, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia arafathamouda77@Gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 1-49. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478260?accountid=50982 Abstract: Listening ability is one of the important skills in foreign language learning. In spite of its importance, listening has long been the neglected skill in foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. There has been little research on the listening problems that L2/Fl learners experience in learning to listen to spoken English in the classrooms. The present study attempts to investigate the listening problems encountered by a group of first year English major students of Qassim University. 60 students who took the listening course in 2011/12 were selected for the study. Data was gathered by means of questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study showed that accent, pronunciation, speed of speech, insufficient vocabulary, different accent of speakers, lack of concentration, anxiety, and bad quality of recording were the major listening comprehension problems encountered by EFL Saudi learners. Understanding students' learning difficulties may enable EFL teachers to help students develop effective learning strategies and ultimately improve their English listening abilities. Suggestions are made for addressing problems regarding how teachers can help their students overcome listening comprehension problems. The results of this study may also be useful for those who are interested in this field. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Listening Comprehension (48450); College Students (13250); Higher Education (31750); Learning Environment (45880); Classroom Communication (12250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Listening Comprehension Problems-Voices from the Classroom Correspondence author: Hamouda, Arafat   Author e-mail address: arafathamouda77@Gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 1-49 Number of pages: 49 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309725 ProQuest document ID: 1373478260 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478260?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communication Strategies in the Discourse of Commercial Transaction in Jordan: A Study of Spoken Language Performed between Customers and Shop Assistants Author: Khresheh, Asim1; Saraiyreh, Areej1 Almazar Aljanoubi-Alkarak, Jordan 61610 sam_khresheh@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 79-107. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478303?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims to identify the types of communication strategies followed by Jordanian customers and shop assistants in their use of the language of commercial transactions in Jordan. Doing so reveals their social beliefs and cultural norms about commercial transaction. Tape-recordings of 217 conversations were obtained from 33 shop assistants. Customers were divided according to their ages, sexes, and educational backgrounds whereas shops assistants who were all males were divided according to their ages and educational backgrounds. Discourse analysis shows certain groups of the participants are more apt than others to employ certain strategies. For example, female and male customers from the middle age group (36-59) and old age group (60-75) employ more follow-up strategies than male and female customers from the young age group (25-35). Also, female customers particularly from the old age group (60-75) and middle age group (36-59) employ a strategy of persuasion more than male customers from all age groups. The study also shows that some strategies were used by shop assistants in response to those used by customers. That is, when a strategy of persuasion is employed by semi-illiterate female customers from the middle and old age group, shop assistants often use swearing or oath words to employ a strategy of apologizing. Additionally, when customers ask more questions about the commodities, young shop assistants often resort to the use of technical terms related to these commodities to employ a strategy of persuasion. Adapted from the source document Subject: Discourse Strategies (19255); Business Communication (10110); Sociolinguistics (80200); Discourse Analysis (19200); Sex Differences (77850); Age Differences (01150); Persuasion (63950); Jordan (39800) Classification: 5510: interpersonal behavior and communication; interpersonal and group communication, behavior, and relationships Title: Communication Strategies in the Discourse of Commercial Transaction in Jordan: A Study of Spoken Language Performed between Customers and Shop Assistants Correspondence author: Khresheh, Asim   Author e-mail address: sam_khresheh@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 79-107 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310189 ProQuest document ID: 1373478303 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478303?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Helping Students from Socially Disadvantaged Backgrounds to Develop Effective Listening Skills Author: Susikaran, R S A11 Department of English, Oxford Engineering College, Tiruchirapalli 620013, Tamil Nadu, India sukirtha_27@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 501-508. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478323?accountid=50982 Abstract: Higher secondary education focuses on the writing and reading skills alone where speaking is not the ultimate aim of the English teacher. Unlike other skills, listening skill remains unattended to and needs to be developed throughout the academic career. The problem of poor listening skills of the learners in the beginning stage of education continues with the same degree of negligence and inadequacy at the tertiary level too. This paper identifies the ways to develop this skill. The focus of this paper is to find out the reasons of poor listening ability among the socially disadvantaged students. Listening is a complex interactive process where listeners actively interpret what they listen to. The inability in recognizing the sound, word meaning, structures, stress and intonation may affect the efficient mastery and use of language. Socially disadvantaged learners have greater difficulty in listening to English utterances and find it difficult to respond to communications addressed to them (Van Avermaet 2006). This research article surveys the problems related to the acquisition of listening ability and provides some solutions to these problems. Adapted from the source document Subject: Secondary Education (76300); Listening Comprehension (48450); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Speech Perception (82700) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Helping Students from Socially Disadvantaged Backgrounds to Develop Effective Listening Skills Correspondence author: Susikaran, R S A   Author e-mail address: sukirtha_27@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 501-508 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309755 ProQuest document ID: 1373478323 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478323?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of the Teaching of English Pronunciation in Indian High Schools Author: Kawale, Rohit S11 Department of English, Sangamner College, Sangamner 422605, Maharashtra, India rohit.kawale@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 335-352. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478346?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is based on a research project undertaken by the author. When the teaching of English pronunciation was introduced in the high schools for students from Marathi medium schools in Maharashtra, a study of the teaching of English pronunciation was undertaken in a few high schools from Maharashtra. It was found that students were motivated to learn English pronunciation, but some teachers were not motivated to teach or not trained enough to teach English pronunciation. A few problems were found in the teaching, when actual lessons were observed. When students were interviewed, it was found that not enough time was devoted to the teaching of pronunciation. It was also found from an interview with a teacher who had worked as an expert at training programmes that the scheme of training teachers was defective. The author has made some suggestions as to what can be done to make teachers better equipped for teaching and make it easier for students to learn English pronunciation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pronunciation Instruction (68560); India (35100); Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Classroom Observation (12260) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Study of the Teaching of English Pronunciation in Indian High Schools Correspondence author: Kawale, Rohit S   Author e-mail address: rohit.kawale@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 335-352 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309731 ProQuest document ID: 1373478346 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478346?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Platonic Dialogue in Cyber Age: Implications for Higher Education Author: Shehzad, Wasima; Awan, Safeer Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 403-428. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478458?accountid=50982 Abstract: There have been numerous theories about the teaching methodologies, ranging from the old time Grammar Translation Method (GTM) to the modern communicative approaches. It is intriguing that the modern theories of learning that emphasize the cognitive aspects of knowledge and its inculcation seem to have their precedents in the Greek masters' pedagogical practices. One cannot fail to notice that, unlike the controlled atmosphere of modern-day classrooms, Socrates used a much more open and fluid methodology to inculcate knowledge in the minds of his pupils. That 'dialogic' imagination not only transferred the existing knowledge but also, in the process, transformed it through the raising of questions and their multiple/possible answers. What are the implications of that method in our era of postmodern uncertainties and cyber-space states of flux? How can we benefit from the Platonic dialogic methods without sounding too ancient or archaic? Is Platonic dialogue still applicable in this 'dot.com' era is the question which will be addressed in this paper. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Plato (66105); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Platonic Dialogue in Cyber Age: Implications for Higher Education Correspondence author: Shehzad, Wasima   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 403-428 Number of pages: 26 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309751 ProQuest document ID: 1373478458 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478458?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Second Language Learning Anxiety and Its Effect on Achievement in the Language Author: Chakrabarti, Anupama1; Sengupta, Madhumala1 Gandhi Centenary B.T. College, Habra 743268, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India anupama_ganguly@yahoo.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 50-78. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478476?accountid=50982 Abstract: Second Language Learning research shows a strong relationship between second language anxiety and second language achievement. At present the disappointing level of achievement in English (L2) of the Indian learners who are in native language medium schools demand a close look into the matter, but research in this area is very limited in India. The purpose of the present study is to explore the level of anxiety of the Indian learners who learn English as second language. It also aims to find out the effect of L2 anxiety on their L2 achievement and the most influencing anxiety component. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986) was used for measuring anxiety of 146 Class X students studying in Bengali medium secondary schools in the state of West Bengal. The annual English Examination was taken as a measure of the students' achievement in English. It is found that anxiety of most of the students inclines to the higher side of the range. Contrary to the findings of other related studies, test anxiety is found to be the predominating anxiety component in the students, as compared to communication apprehension and fear of negative evaluation. Pedagogical implications of the study discussed at the end could prove to be valuable for teachers and policy makers in making the learning environment less anxiety provoking and better output giving. Adapted from the source document Subject: Anxiety (03350); Second Language Learning (75850); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Student Attitudes (84725); India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Secondary School Students (76400); Learning Environment (45880); Academic Achievement (00070) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Second Language Learning Anxiety and Its Effect on Achievement in the Language Correspondence author: Chakrabarti, Anupama   Author e-mail address: anupama_ganguly@yahoo.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 50-78 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309771 ProQuest document ID: 1373478476 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478476?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Integration of Activities in Teaching English to Primary School Students Author: Sumanjari, S11 Principal, Hosur International School, Nallur Road, Madivallam Cross Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 8,  (August 2012): 464-477. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478509?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights the need for the integration of activities in primary school classrooms by the English language teachers. The paper discusses the types of activities that can be used in an English classroom for primary school children. English language teachers have to constantly look for innovative approaches to teach English especially to children at the primary school level. ABL (Activity Based Learning) is one of the innovative approaches which has proved to be successful in teaching English language. Primary school children are in their crucial stage of learning, the formative phase of their lives. Activities should be an integral part of teaching English in primary schools. A gist of the advantages of integrating activities in primary schools is discussed in the paper. A brief overview of the teachers' role in designing appropriate activities for children in primary schools has been elaborated in the paper. Activities develop physical, cognitive, social and emotional growth of a child. This approach gives children the freedom to think and learn creatively. A comparison between the traditional methods of learning and ABL is briefed in the paper. The learner-centred approach using ABL as a teaching approach is also examined. The paper expresses the view that language learning in primary schools through ABL should promote the formation of positive attitude to language learning in general. It should be a basis for secondary school studies. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Elementary Education (21500); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Integration of Activities in Teaching English to Primary School Students Correspondence author: Sumanjari, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 8 Pages: 464-477 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309754 ProQuest document ID: 1373478509 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478509?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Shift: The Case of Punjabi in Sargodha Region of Pakistan Author: Nazir, Barirah1; Aftab, Umair; Saeed, Ammara1 Department of English, University of Sargodha barirahn@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 381-402. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477121?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the linguistic scenario of Punjabi (second major language in Pakistan after Urdu) in Sargodha and the social mechanism which poses threat to the sustainability of Punjabi on a broader scale. It deals with the attitudes, causes and effects of the language shift from Punjabi to other languages due to prestige, modernity and social mobility issues. Triangulation (Questionnaires from n=80 and In-depth interviews from n=3) was used in order to observe the trends of shift. The findings exhibit that Punjabi speakers are not so loyal to their language, Punjabi language shift is a real not perceived phenomenon and a day may not be far away when Punjabi will be considered endangered language in Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: Panjabi (62500); Language Shift (43750); Language Attitudes (41800); Pakistan (62200); Sociolinguistics (80200); Endangered Languages (21760); Language Use (44610); Hindi (31950) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Language Shift: The Case of Punjabi in Sargodha Region of Pakistan Correspondence author: Nazir, Barirah   Author e-mail address: barirahn@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 381-402 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journa ls Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310272 ProQuest document ID: 1373477121 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477121?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Perception of Syntactic Deviations in Poetry-A Study of William Blake's Songs of Innocence Author: Kumar, R Ashok11 Department of Linguistics and Foreign Culture, S.V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India ashokr.yogi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 83-97. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477328?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper provides an examination of aspects of syntax that help in the comprehension of poetic lines, as poetry employs language that drifts apart from normal language. In a study of William Blake's 'Songs of Innocence,' this paper attempts to explain how deviant examples of poetic language are perceived. The following research questions are investigated: (1) "What is the position of Adjective in Blake's stylistic deviations?" (2) "How is it syntactically different from Complex Transitive Verbal Constructions?" (3) "Is there any test to distinguish the difference between them?" Adapted from the source document Subject: Poetry (66150); Poetics (66140); Stylistics (84950); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Syntactic Structures (86770); Perception (63450) Classification: 5710: poetics/literary theory; poetics; 4612: discourse analysis/text linguistics; stylistics Title: Perception of Syntactic Deviations in Poetry-A Study of William Blake's Songs of Innocence Correspondence author: Kumar, R Ashok   Author e-mail address: ashokr.yogi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 83-97 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310317 ProQuest document ID: 1373477328 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477328?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effect of Bimodal Bilingualism on the Performance of Selective Attention, Attention Switching Task and Attention Network Task Author: Devi, Thingom Medamni1; Kuriakose, Rija; Kuriakose, Theaja; Raju, Suma1 JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India thmedha08@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 450-461. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477589?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bilingualism is thought to be associated with higher-order cognitive processing. This paper reports on a study that compared the performance of bimodal bilinguals (ASL and Spoken Kannada) and monolingual (ASL) adults in terms of attention control skills. The study found no significant advantages on the attentional abilities of bimodal bilinguals. Adapted from the source document Subject: Attention (05350); Bilingualism (08850); Cognitive Processes (12950); Kannada (40400); American Sign Language (02350); Sign Language (78400) Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing; 5815: nonverbal communication; sign language Title: Effect of Bimodal Bilingualism on the Performance of Selective Attention, Attention Switching Task and Attention Network Task Correspondence author: Devi, Thingom Medamni   Author e-mail address: thmedha08@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 450-461 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309410 ProQuest document ID: 1373477589 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373477589?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effectiveness of ESP Course for Business Administration at Community College of Jazan University: An Evaluative Study Author: Liton, Hussain Ahmed1; Mahmoud, Mustafa Ahmed Ali; Alom, Md Khurshid1 Instructor, English Language Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box-114, K.S.A ju.ksa09@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 63-82. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478080?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of ESP course for Business Administration at Community College of Jazan University in Saudi Arabia. In other words, this article aims at creating a new route to effective ESP teaching-learning curriculum techniques in the tertiary context considering learners' specific needs in the field of Business Studies with a view to developing future professional leadership. The authors of this paper ventured to study the predicament of ESP course at Community College of Jazan University through survey questionnaires, observation as well as primary and secondary sources. The data were collected through questionnaires from a total of 20 ESP teachers at English Language Centre (ELC), and Jazan Community College (JCC). The research results revealed that the existing ESP Course syllabus is not tailored appropriately according to the students' needs in the workplace. It, therefore, suggests that ESP Course should be redesigned in assimilating the learners' real needs in the job field and teacher-centred traditional ESP classes need to be replaced by the learner-centred task-based language teaching (TBLT) and communicative approach as a teaching technique. The study also concludes with some effective implications and recommendations based on the findings of the research analysis. Adapted from the source document Subject: English for Special Purposes (22300); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Saudi Arabia (75100); Higher Education (31750); Business English (10120); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Effectiveness of ESP Course for Business Administration at Community College of Jazan University: An Evaluative Study Correspondence author: Liton, Hussain Ahmed   Author e-mail address: ju.ksa09@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 63-82 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309689 ProQuest document ID: 1373478080 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478080?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing an ESP Based Module to Improve Speaking Skills of Elementary Teachers in Low Fee Private Schools Author: Mushtaq, Muhammad11 Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Mushtaq.alvi@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 342-358. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478085?accountid=50982 Abstract: There are many areas of teacher training in general but communication skills is one of the most vital aspect which cannot be neglected at any cost particularly in language classes. Communication and speaking skills is the essence of language learning but it is not emphasised as much as it should be in medium enterprises schools in Pakistan where three channel educations is imparted, state owned schools, highly resourceful privately managed schools and low fee privately managed schools. The teachers in the last one are mostly fresh graduate or some time they have just left their own education. They neither have skills nor experience of teaching in general and teaching of English language in particular. These newly inducted teachers have many weaknesses. But a commonly known area of their weakness (as it is observed by the researcher during last twelve professional years) is lack of communicative skills or teaching English on functional basis. The problem requires having a low cost, easily manageable training module that could develop speaking skills of the teachers. That is why the researcher developed an ESP based module to address the speaking skills of the teachers. The module is a low cost project for low income schools to enhance an effective role of English language teachers in their schools, providing them an opportunity to set themselves on track where the teachers' students both can learn English for communicative purposes. The population consisted of twenty five English language teachers and ninety five students selected from the class where these teachers teach English. A questionnaire was developed to determine the deficient areas for pre- and post-analysis. An ESP based module was developed consisting on the contents that could be conducted in 20- 25 days, two hours daily. When the same questionnaire administered earlier to them was given once again it seemed that there was a significant difference among students and staff which proved that the module worked well and it needs to be conducted in other schools as well. The results show that the module was an effective way to improve speaking skill of the teachers. The improvement was explored through conducting pre- and post-tests of the teachers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teachers (87860); Teacher Education (87850); Communicative Competence (13650); Classroom Communication (12250); Elementary Education (21500); English for Special Purposes (22300); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Developing an ESP Based Module to Improve Speaking Skills of Elementary Teachers in Low Fee Private Schools Correspondence author: Mushtaq, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: Mushtaq.alvi@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 342-358 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309694 ProQuest document ID: 1373478085 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478085?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English for Employment: A Study of Employers' Expectations Author: Tasildar, Ravindra B11 S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, Sangamner-422 605, District: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India ravishmi1@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 322-332. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478138?accountid=50982 Abstract: The rise of English as the global language has led to a greater demand for English in the job market. The last few years have witnessed the opening up of thousands of lucrative job opportunities for the graduates proficient in English. Taking into account the requirement for skilled workforce, many educational institutions in the country have started courses that will, hopefully, improve the students' communicative competence in English and make them employable. However, the syllabi revision for most of these courses in English is based on mere assumptions rather than actual English language needs of the employment sector. The national committees, like the Curriculum Development Committee in English (2001), have never asked employers about the English language skills they expect from Indian graduates. Even the syllabus compilers design the syllabi on the assumed future needs of the students. Though, the job opportunities for the graduates proficient in English are spread across such diverse areas as journalism and mass communication, management, tourism, law, entertainment industry, visual communication, library science, IT, shopping malls, advertising agencies, etc., the focus seems to be on providing workforce only to IT-enabled industries. The Yashpal Committee Report (2009) states that the problems of the students graduating from Indian universities, like the lack of communicative and analytical abilities, can be addressed by developing curricula appropriate to the needs of the students and by improving the syllabi of the courses offered in the conventional degree programmes. In the light of globally changing English language needs of the twenty-first century, this paper attempts to find out the English language skills expected to the employers from their prospective employees. The outcome of this study may help in updating syllabi of courses in English offered at the undergraduate (UG) level in Indian universities. Adapted from the source document Subject: Business English (10120); Communicative Competence (13650); Higher Education (31750); India (35100); Workplace Communication (98470); English for Special Purposes (22300); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: English for Employment: A Study of Employers' Expectations Correspondence author: Tasildar, Ravindra B   Author e-mail address: ravishmi1@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 322-332 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309698 ProQuest document ID: 1373478138 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478138?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Etymological Analysis of the English Language Words Author: Javed, Muhammad1; Juan, Wu Xiao; Nazli, Saima1 (TESOL), School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Lecturer, Department of Educational Training, Bahawalnagar Campus The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan muhammad.javed@iub.edu.pk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 580-592. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478140?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is the brief description of borrowed words and etymology of the English language words based on documentary analysis. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (2010) defined etymology as the study of the origin of words, historical perspectives, and modification in the meanings of these words. The theory regarding etymological analysis of the words helps to recognize that mostly the words originate through a limited number of fundamental parameters, the most important element is borrowing the words from other languages, formation of words such as derivation and compounding; and onomatopoeia and sound symbolism. Sometimes the semantic change also occurs. In regards to the etymological analysis, the English language vocabulary consists of two types of strata such as the native reservoirs and a pool of borrowed words. The number of borrowed words from different languages and sources is greater than the collection of native words. Etymology of English language words is beneficial for ESL students. It helps to enhance their vocabulary and knowledge. Adapted from the source document Subject: Etymology (23250); Symbolism (86600); Semantic Change (76600); Borrowing (09300); English (21900); Derivation (Morphology) (18300); Compound Words (13940); Onomatopoeia (60950) Classification: 5215: lexicography/lexicology; etymology Title: Etymological Analysis of the English Language Words Correspondence author: Javed, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: muhammad.javed@iub.edu.pk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 580-592 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201310167 ProQuest document ID: 1373478140 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478140?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Using Poems of Jibanananda Das and Rabindranath Tagore in the Language Classrooms of Bangladesh Author: Ahmed, Tazin1; Hasan, Sheikh Mehedi1 English, South East University, House #64 B, Road#18 Block # B, Banani Model Town, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh tazin.ahmed.chowdhury@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 37-57. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478170?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper underscores how the use of literature in a language classroom makes language learning easier and more entertaining. It focuses on the implications of using English literature for teaching English language and explores its advantages as well as challenges that both the language teacher and learners may come across. The paper specially shows how the areas of language learning can benefit when a literary text is used in a language classroom. For classroom practice two English translated poems from Bengali origin are selected as texts for teaching the first-year university students English. The paper finally illustrates how a culturally common text that the learners already know in their mother tongue can enhance their linguistic skills mainly at a tertiary level. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Poetry (66150); Literary Translation (49150); Bengali (08200); Bangladesh (07450) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Using Poems of Jibanananda Das and Rabindranath Tagore in the Language Classrooms of Bangladesh Correspondence author: Ahmed, Tazin   Author e-mail address: tazin.ahmed.chowdhury@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 37-57 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309699 ProQuest document ID: 1373478170 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478170?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Listening Skill at UG Level in Mumbai University: A Case Study Author: Verma, Anjali11 Smt MMK College of Commerce & Economics, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India drarver@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 58-62. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478361?accountid=50982 Abstract: English instruction in India caters to the needs of a diverse population of learners. This paper focuses on teaching listening skills. Often considered a "passive" receptive skill, listening involves complex mental processing as the listener works to make sense of the material. Listening is an important language skill, used more often than speaking, reading, or writing, and it should not be ignored by teachers who want their students to become proficient in English. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); India (35100); Higher Education (31750); Listening (48400); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Case Studies (10820) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Listening Skill at UG Level in Mumbai University: A Case Study Correspondence author: Verma, Anjali   Author e-mail address: drarver@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 58-62 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309758 ProQuest document ID: 1373478361 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478361?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of English Teacher in Language Learning, Teaching and Assessment Author: Pugazhenthi, V11 210-B Nochinagar, 46-Pudur Post, Erode 638002, Tamilnadu, India vpugazh_mphil2003@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 278-291. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478367?accountid=50982 Abstract: English teacher has more responsibilities than any other teacher because of the required language skills to carry forward instruction and learning in other subjects. It has become normal now for an English teacher to be aware of the various methods and theories of English Language Teaching. By manipulating different methods and approaches in a class room, the teacher can make the learners to develop the language skills easily and comfortably. This paper examines the role of an English teacher, the role of a learner and various traditional/current methods in ELT. It also discusses the Learning, Teaching and Assessment job of an English teacher with special reference to CLT. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Role of English Teacher in Language Learning, Teaching and Assessment Correspondence author: Pugazhenthi, V   Author e-mail address: vpugazh_mphil2003@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 278-291 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309743 ProQuest document ID: 1373478367 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478367?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Importance of Effective Communication Skills Author: Samata, P11 Principal, Islamia College of Education, Yakutpura, Hyderabad-500023, Andhra Pradesh, India samatashines@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 10,  (October 2012): 333-341. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478435?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper stresses the importance of communication skills in a world in which there are thin barriers between nations, regions, and societies and within communities. In educational institutions, which tend to be oriented toward examinations instead of being teacher- or pupil-centric, there is a need for a faculty development program that emphasizes communicative ability. Teachers of English must empower themselves with the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for effective classroom interaction. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Competence (13650); Teacher Education (87850); Second Language Teachers (76120); Classroom Communication (12250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Importance of Effective Communication Skills Correspondence author: Samata, P   Author e-mail address: samatashines@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 333-341 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2013-07-01 Accession number: 201309749 ProQuest document ID: 1373478435 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1373478435?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Choice of Malaysian Chindians Author: Zaid, Ainun Rozana Mohd; Mee, Mac Yin; Hei, Kuang Ching Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285189?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper focuses on a minority group of Malaysians called Chindians, a group comprising children of mixed marriages between mainstream Chinese and Indians. This paper aims to identify the language choice of the Chindians in four domains: family, education, employment and religion. In particular, this paper examines where Chindians are likely to use their native languages such as Chinese (including dialects) and Tamil (including sub-varieties) which are linguistically passed on by their parents and the two other languages of official status: Malay and English. Interlocutors involved, domains and their reasons for using or refraining from using these languages are explored. Little research has been done on Chindians due to their small demography in this country. In this study selected respondents were 18 children aged from 10 to 31 and 11 parents who are 6 Chinese and 5 Indians respectively. All are from an urban area located in the Klang Valley of Selangor, the biggest state of peninsular Malaysia. A questionnaire that has been refined from a pilot study was then administered. A structured interview was also conducted with the parents to validate the findings. Analysis of data was done based on the items of the questionnaire and these were then presented in percentages. Findings suggest that Chindians' main choice of language rests on English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Chinese (12100); English (21900); Malaysia (50800); Malay (50740); Tamil (87650); Language Use (44610); Minority Groups (54240); Cultural Identity (16570); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Language Choice of Malaysian Chindians Correspondence author: Zaid, Ainun Rozana Mohd   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415831 ProQuest document ID: 1622285189 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285189?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Errors in Second Language English: A Study of Errors Committed by Students with Tamil as Their Mother Tongue Author: Kumar, R Ashok11 Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, S. V. University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285257?accountid=50982 Abstract: The influence of mother tongue on the second language (here, the mother tongue is Tamil and the second language is English) is felt in almost every second language learner, especially on those who are less fluent in English. This phenomenon is called 'Negative Transfer' (Yule, George 1997; p 194) or 'The gravitational pull of the mother tongue' (Krishnaswamy, et.al., 2008; p 93). The rules of Tamil language which they have imbibed first and which they keep on using for their day-to-day communications interfere with the system of English. This influence is felt in every level of the language: phonological, morphological, syntactical, semantic, pragmatic and cultural levels. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Transfer (Learning) (90850); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Tamil (87650); Interference (Learning) (37150) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Errors in Second Language English: A Study of Errors Committed by Students with Tamil as Their Mother Tongue Correspondence author: Kumar, R Ashok   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415371 ProQuest document ID: 1622285257 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285257?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Inductive and Contextual Approaches to English Grammar Teaching Author: Uddin, Md Kawsar1; Ahmed, Tazin1 Southeast University, House # 64 B, Road # 18, Block #B, Banani Model Town, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh ukawsar@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285634?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper highlights that, for the acquisition of the second language, a learner requires to internalize grammar, for that it, essentially, should be taught in inductive and contextual approaches. However, in Bangladesh, English grammar is taught separately and deductively through rules memorization. Due to learning grammar in the deductive approach, a learner merely develops a receptive skill rather than the productive one. On the other hand, the inductive approach is a rule discovery, self-directed, learner centered and bottom-up teaching in which the new grammatical items are presented to learners in carefully selected intelligible linguistic data, in the context, illustrating the use of the particular grammatical point. Through this controlled and freer practice, on the basis of the model, learners try to arrive at some generalizations which assist them to recognize the underlying regularities in the data and to formulate their own explanation of the rules governing the material presented. The paper also focuses on some lesson plans and classroom activities to show how the teachers can help the students to use the productive skills by generalizing the grammatical rules. For the study, the present paper will collect primary data from some of the renowned private universities of Bangladesh. The paper will obtain secondary data as well, that is already collected by some researchers, passed through the statistical process and published in various publications and newspapers. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Grammar Instruction (28550); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Inductive and Contextual Approaches to English Grammar Teaching Correspondence author: Uddin, Md Kawsar   Author e-mail address: ukawsar@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415355 ProQuest document ID: 1622285634 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285634?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Arabic Origins of Determiners in English and European Languages: A Lexical Root Theory Approach Author: Jassem, Zaidan Ali Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285696?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the genetic relationship between determiners such as the definite and indefinite articles and demonstrative pronouns in Arabic and English mainly as well as German, French, and Latin secondarily. Converse to traditional views in comparative historical linguistics in which Arabic and English, for example, are classified as members of different language families, it shows how such determiners are related to and derived from one another, where Arabic may be their end origin. The paper applies the principles and tools of the lexical root theory according to which the determiners are shown to be true cognates in having the same or similar forms and meanings with slight phonetic, morphological and semantic changes. For example, the definite articles in English and German are demonstrative pronouns in essence, whose true Arabic cognate is tha 'this'; the indefinite articles derive from one, whose Arabic cognate is awwal/oola 'one (m/f)' where /l/ turned into /n/; the definite articles al in Arabic, le/la in French, el/la in Spanish, and Italian are identical cognates to which English all and German alle are similar. Adapted from the source document Subject: Arabic (03750); English (21900); Determiners (18400); Articles (04550); Pronouns (68400); Cognates (12800); European Languages (23360); Diachronic Linguistics (18500) Classification: 5111: descriptive linguistics; diachronic linguistics Title: The Arabic Origins of Determiners in English and European Languages: A Lexical Root Theory Approach Correspondence author: Jassem, Zaidan Ali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415596 ProQuest document ID: 1622285696 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285696?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems of Spelling in Common English Learners of Saudi Arabia and Strategies for Improvement: A Case Study in Preparatory Year, Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Author: Khan, Irshad Ahmad; Itoo, Bilal Ahmad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285744?accountid=50982 Abstract: Learning and teaching of foreign language is a challenging task and the task is learnt through skills of language i.e. writing, listening/speaking, and reading with the help of the rules of grammar. The problems to spell the words in English for FLL (foreign language learner) lie behind lack of learning these skills and practicing it. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on spelling problems and try to find out strategically specific point of solution that can help our student of CPY. Moreover, that one point problem solving factor should cover a wide range of solutions of Preparatory year college English language learners, Najran University, Najran, KSA or in a wider sense; Arab EFL learners. The study aims to know the reasons that lie behind these problems among the students of CPY. In other words, we can say that the aim of this study is to search and adapt the practice that can help our students to improve the spellings while they write in classes or in exams. Adapted from the source document Subject: Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Spelling (83240); Spelling Errors (83250); Saudi Arabia (75100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Spelling Instruction (83350) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Problems of Spelling in Common English Learners of Saudi Arabia and Strategies for Improvement: A Case Study in Preparatory Year, Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Correspondence author: Khan, Irshad Ahmad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415318 ProQuest document ID: 1622285744 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285744?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Internet-Age and Quick Learning Process (QLP) for Learning English Language Author: Bhuvaneswari, J Rachel11 Department of English, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Viraganoor, Madurai-625009, Tamilnadu, India bhuvan.eswari@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285862?accountid=50982 Abstract: In today's world of Internet, people from different walks of life want to learn English as quickly as possible in order to make the world turn towards them. As a result of this, most of them sign up for English classes thinking that they could speak English fluently within a short period of time. Unfortunately, these typical and traditional English classes are not an effective way to learn English since they are very slow in progress. After years of attending classes, most learners from rural background are not able to converse in English without making any mistakes in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Now-a-days, learning English becomes very easy, interactive and effective if there is some self-motivation. In addition to self-motivation, learners should take charge of the self-learning activities based on their own interest since the learning materials like Newspapers, magazines, Television, storybooks, novels, and movies are available in the Internet. In this Internet era, if anyone wants to learn English in a short period of time, one cannot wait for teachers to put knowledge into their head. Instead, learners always involve themselves in Quick Learning Process (QLP). This article explores how Internet sources and QLP help people learn English in a fast, fun and effective way. Adapted from the source document Subject: Internet (37500); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Processes (45950); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Internet-Age and Quick Learning Process (QLP) for Learning English Language Correspondence author: Bhuvaneswari, J Rachel   Author e-mail address: bhuvan.eswari@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly J ournals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415365 ProQuest document ID: 1622285862 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285862?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Query Optimization: A Solution for Low Recall Problem in Hindi Language Information Retrieval Author: Sourabh, Kumar; Mansotra, Vibhakar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285940?accountid=50982 Abstract: While information retrieval (IR) has been an active field of research for decades, for much of its history it has had a very strong bias towards English as the language of choice for research and evaluation purposes. Whatever they may have been, over the years, many of the motivations for an almost exclusive focus on English as the language of choice in IR have lost their validity. The Internet is no longer monolingual, as the non-English content is growing rapidly. Hindi is the third most widely spoken language in the world (after English and Mandarin): an estimated 500-600 million people speak this language. Information Retrieval in Hindi language is getting popularity and IR systems face low recall if existing systems are used as-is. Certain characteristics of Indian languages cause the existing algorithms to become unable to match relevant keywords in the documents for retrieval. Some of the major characteristics that affect Indian language IR are due to language morphology, compound word formations, word spelling variations, ambiguity, word synonym, foreign language influence, and lack of standards for spelling words. Taking into consideration the aforesaid issues we introduce Hindi Query Optimization technique (design and development) which solved the problem of recall up to a great extent. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Hindi (31950); Information Retrieval (35920); Computational Linguistics (14100) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Query Optimization: A Solution for Low Recall Problem in Hindi Language Information Retrieval Correspondence author: Sourabh, Kumar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415627 ProQuest document ID: 1622285940 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285940?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Significance of Language Laboratory and Its Implications in Indian Classrooms Author: Arneja, Rushmeet Kaur1; Kaur, Amandeep1 Department of Applied Sciences, Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology, (Affiliated to GGSIPU), New-Delhi, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286007?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language laboratory is an essentiality in today's language classrooms. As teachers and teacher educators, we should always focus on enhancing the LSRW Skills of students. In this paper we are trying to unveil the importance of usage of language labs in our schools and teaching .Along with highlighting how pertinent is the role of teachers in guiding students for effective Language Learning, the paper also throws light on the challenges faced by teachers and students in the teaching-learning process of language through language laboratories. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Laboratories (42850); Language Arts (41700); Second Language Instruction (75700); India (35100) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Significance of Language Laboratory and Its Implications in Indian Classrooms Correspondence author: Arneja, Rushmeet Kaur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415036 ProQuest document ID: 1622286007 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286007?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Disfluencies in Typically Developing Tamil Speaking Children between 4-8 Years Author: Rathika, R1; Kanaka, G; John, Sunila; Rajashekhar, B1 Speech-Language Pathologist, 31/2 Spic Nagar, Vijaynagar, Velacheri, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India radhika.ramalingam@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286182?accountid=50982 Abstract: 'Fluency' means flow of speech smoothly and continuously (Starkweather, 1987). Disfluencies refer to some form of break in that smooth flow of speech. Normal disfluency occurs throughout childhood and it may begin earlier than 18 months of age, with its peak between 2 to 3 1/2 years. Children also swing back and forth in their degree of disfluency. The development of language (DeJoy & Gregory, 1985; Gordon, Luper & Peterson, 1986; Pearl & Bernthal, 1980; Meyers & Freeman, 1985a), speech motor control (Starkweather, 1987) and episodic stresses in the child's environment may temporarily increase normal disfluency. Adapted from the source document Subject: Children (11850); Language Acquisition (41600); Fluency (24910); Speech Motor Control (82600); Language Impairment (42700); Tamil (87650) Classification: 4015: psycholinguistics; child language acquisition Title: Disfluencies in Typically Developing Tamil Speaking Children between 4-8 Years Correspondence author: Rathika, R   Author e-mail address: radhika.ramalingam@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201414974 ProQuest document ID: 1622286182 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286182?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Global Changing Economy and English Language Teaching in the State of Madhya Pradesh, India Author: Taneja, Jyoti11 Department of English, SABV Government Arts and Commerce College, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 12, Iss. 11,  (November 2012): 1-9. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286231?accountid=50982 Abstract: The ultimate aim of language teaching is to develop communicative competence. Development of communication skills is the most urgent requirement of the students today. Schools, which give emphasis to English speaking and writing, are considered better. In higher education it is still a prestigious language, all the good books are found in English. At the undergraduate level the disinterest of the student in classroom lectures is visible. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Communicative Competence (13650); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Global Changing Economy and English Language Teaching in the State of Madhya Pradesh, India Correspondence author: Taneja, Jyoti   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Pages: 1-9 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2012 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415349 ProQuest document ID: 1622286231 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286231?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Do All Individuals with Schizophrenia Have Cluttering? Author: Furtado, Jessica; Bajaj, Gagan; Babu, Leeba Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 350-361. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413211?accountid=50982 Abstract: Cluttering is a disability in formulating language, causing confused, hurried and slurred diction, due to congenital and constitutional limitation of one's total psychosomatic personality structure. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts/speech, disorganized behavior and apathy. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and co-existence of Cluttering in patients with Schizophrenia. Twelve participants with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia were subjected to a series of linguistic and extralinguistic tasks. A writing sample was also obtained. The responses of all participants on these tasks, coupled with information from their medical charts, were used to complete the Daly's Checklist. The study depicted that majority of the participants had Cluttering - Stuttering features, a significant proportion exhibited Cluttering and only one participant had no dysfluencies. This highlighted the co-existence of Cluttering and Schizophrenia, owing to its neurophysiological similarities. The linguistic impairments seen in patients with Schizophrenia constitute an independent 'syndrome' and cannot be attributed to their mental illness. Adapted from the source document Subject: Schizophrenia (75250); Patients (62950); Mental Disorders (52900); Language Pathology (43250); Stuttering (84850); Psychosis (69250); Speech Pathology (82650) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Do All Individuals with Schizophrenia Have Cluttering? Correspondence author: Furtado, Jessica   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 350-361 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201506055 ProQuest document ID: 1684413211 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413211?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sociolinguistic Impact of Loanwords of Arabic Origin on the Urdu Language Author: Khan, Abdul Ghaffar; Koka, Nisar Ahmad; Anwar, Syed Mohammad Khurshid Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 1006-1029. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413813?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is restricted to the discussion of the socio-cultural impact of loan words of Arabic origin on Urdu in the Indian sub-continent. The present paper begins by giving a brief history of the Arabs' contact with the population of the Indian sub-continent speaking different languages. It discusses briefly the advent of the Muslims speaking different languages including Arabic resulting in the evolution of a new language, later known as Urdu. The paper discusses the circumstances under which word-borrowing has taken place. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); Arabic (03750); Acculturation (00090); Borrowing (09300); Language Contact (42100); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Sociolinguistic Impact of Loanwords of Arabic Origin on the Urdu Language Correspondence author: Khan, Abdul Ghaffar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 1006-1029 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505838 ProQuest document ID: 1684413813 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413813?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Impact of Computer-Assisted Language Learning in Teaching Vocabulary Author: Bahadorfar, Maryam11 Kuvempu Institute of Kannada Studies, Department of Linguistics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka mitrabahadorfar@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 249-257. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414483?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims at determining the effectiveness of using technological aids including computer in foreign language vocabulary acquisition. Firstly, it gives a brief introduction to the current situation of vocabulary learning and teaching in Iran, and then introduces vocabulary acquisition with CALL, There are some strategies that will help learners. There are many models of teaching and learning English using CALL such as: the audio-lingual model, the cognitive-code model, and the humanistic model. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Vocabulary Learning (94855); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Vocabulary Instruction (94850) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Impact of Computer-Assisted Language Learning in Teaching Vocabulary Correspondence author: Bahadorfar, Maryam   Author e-mail address: mitrabahadorfar@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 249-257 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505274 ProQuest document ID: 1684414483 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414483?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Query Optimization: Solution for low recall problem in Hindi Language IR - Revisited with Experimental Results and Analysis Author: Sourabh, Kumar; Mansotra, Vibhakar; Goswami, Rakesh Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 483-513. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414485?accountid=50982 Abstract: While information retrieval (IR) has been an active field of research for decades, for much of its history it has had a very strong bias towards English as the language of choice for research and evaluation purposes. The Internet is no longer mono lingual as the non-English content is growing rapidly. Hindi is the third most widely spoken language in the world. An estimated 500-600 million people speak this language. Information Retrieval in Hindi language is getting popularity and IR systems face low recall if existing systems are used as-is. Certain characteristics of Indian languages do not enable the existing algorithms to match relevant keywords in the documents for retrieval. Some of the major characteristics that affect Indian language IR are due to language morphology, compound word formations, word spelling variations, ambiguity, word synonym, foreign language influence, and lack of standards for spelling words. Taking into consideration the aforesaid issues we introduced Hindi Query Optimization technique in our previous work. In this paper we extend our work by presenting various experiments carried out by using query optimization technique to solve low recall problem in Hindi Language IR. Adapted from the source document Subject: Hindi (31950); Algorithms (01758); Information Retrieval (35920); Computational Linguistics (14100) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Query Optimization: Solution for low recall problem in Hindi Language IR - Revisited with Experimental Results and Analysis Correspondence author: Sourabh, Kumar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 483-513 Number of pages: 31 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505629 ProQuest document ID: 1684414485 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414485?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Study of Pro-drop Parameter in Two of the Persian Dialects - Baluchi and Sistani Author: Pahlavannezhad, Mohammad Reza; Akhlaghi, Elham Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 29-37. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414545?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present certain aspects of the pro-drop parameter among two of the least studied languages in the Middle East, Sistani and Balochi which are spoken in the south-eastern comer of the linguistic area of Iran, where until recently there were no such phenomena as language planning, education, mass media, newspaper or administrative language (Breseeng, 2001: 133-134). According to this research, the Persian language is pro-drop and in Iran it has started to play a constantly growing role in Balochistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: Persian (63700); Regional Dialects (72100); Pro Drop Parameter (67800); Iranian Languages (38400) Classification: 5116: descriptive linguistics; language area studies Title: The Study of Pro-drop Parameter in Two of the Persian Dialects - Baluchi and Sistani Correspondence author: Pahlavannezhad, Mohammad Reza   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 29-37 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505642 ProQuest document ID: 1684414545 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414545?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of English Literature and Local Literature in English for Learning English as L2: A Comparative Study Author: Saleem, Muhammad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 274-285. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414552?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study critically investigates the role that a text of English literature plays, in comparison with the local literary text in English, in the learning of English as a second language. To provide data for tills research, two literary texts are selected and targeted: 'Araby' by James Joyce and 'The New Constitution' by Sadat Hassan Manto, a Pakistani short story writer. Tills analysis is based upon the perceptions and prescriptions of Piaget's world known schema theory which reads that to comprehend and understand a social product fully, the langue (mental lexicon of a speech community) and socialization in the relevant culture are necessary. The analysis is conducted on the lexical, idiomatic, phrasal, clausal and the discourse levels. Teaching and learning English as a second language through literary text is always considered an important phenomenon in Pakistan and the subcontinent. In that context, tills research is very useful because we may be able to identify which of the two literary texts is more effective for the non-native learners like Pakistanis in learning English. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Schemas (75245); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Literature (49250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Role of English Literature and Local Literature in English for Learning English as L2: A Comparative Study Correspondence author: Saleem, Muhammad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 274-285 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505253 ProQuest document ID: 1684414552 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414552?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Foreign Language Learning Anxiety among Iranian EFL Learners Along Gender and Different Proficiency Levels Author: Nahavandi, Naemeh; Mukundan, Jayakaran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 133-161. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414734?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aim of the present study was to understand the level of anxiety of the Iranian EFL students towards English as a foreign language. To do so, all 548 students (elementary to advanced learners) studying in Jahad-e-Daneshgahi institute of Tabriz, Iran were selected based on random sampling. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale EEC AS (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986) was used to measure anxiety with four scales of communication apprehension, test anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and fear of English classes. Furthermore there was an effort to see whether anxiety domains differed across different first languages, proficiency levels and gender. The results of the study indicated that students in the present study experienced anxiety in all four scales on the higher side of the range. Contrary to the findings of other studies, communication anxiety was found to be the predominant anxiety component in the students, as compared to other three scales. In addition, gender and first language didn't affect their anxiety significantly. However, level of proficiency affected their anxiety in all four domains significantly. The study concluded with some pedagogical implications. Adapted from the source document Subject: Anxiety (03350); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Student Attitudes (84725); Iran (38300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English Proficiency (22335); Sex Differences (77850); Emotions (21600) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Foreign Language Learning Anxiety among Iranian EFL Learners Along Gender and Different Proficiency Levels Correspondence author: Nahavandi, Naemeh   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 133-161 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505286 ProQuest document ID: 1684414734 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414734?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Importance of Conducive Classroom Climate, Positive Self-Concept and Motivation for Pakistani EFL Learners Author: Younas, Muhammad1; Zainab, Fazeela; Ali, Maratab1 Department of English, University of Central Punjab, Lahore (Sargodha Campus) younasdanial@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 216-225. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414951?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper measures the importance of Conducive classroom climate, positive self-concept and motivation for Pakistani EFL learners. Data were collected through randomly selected sample of 110 Pakistani EFL learners from both public and private institutes. The simple data need no complicated statistical formula for analysis to maintain clarity and objectivity. So, data were simply elaborated through tables and diagrams. Finally on the basis of findings, a number of generalizations are made in relation to tire importance of Conducive classroom climate, positive self-concept and motivation for Pakistani EFL learners. There are also given some recommendations that may help Pakistani teachers and EFL learners to achieve effective learning outcomes in the future. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Motivation (55580); Self Concept (76500); Learning Outcomes (45940); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Learning Environment (45880); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Importance of Conducive Classroom Climate, Positive Self-Concept and Motivation for Pakistani EFL Learners Correspondence author: Younas, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: younasdanial@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 216-225 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505272 ProQuest document ID: 1684414951 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414951?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Knowledge of Pedagogy and ICT for Effective Communication in Language Teaching Author: Shafeeq, C P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 176-183. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414953?accountid=50982 Abstract: Effective communication is an essential part of any kind of teaching. It is very much true with the language teaching-learning process. Though CLT is appreciated by many applied linguists, it is not well implemented in many EFL contexts. For successful communication in the present day language teaching, it is necessary for the teachers to possess pedagogical and ICT perceptions that can make the best use of the promise of CALL and CMC. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Second Language Instruction (75700); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Knowledge of Pedagogy and ICT for Effective Communication in Language Teaching Correspondence author: Shafeeq, C P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 176-183 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505255 ProQuest document ID: 1684414953 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414953?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Exploiting Literature in the Teaching of English as a Second Language Author: Suntharesan, V Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 307-321. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415462?accountid=50982 Abstract: The misconception that literature is a separate domain that hasn't any relevance to language learning exists among most teachers. This faulty assumption is found to be the result of the teacher's failure in recognizing the fact that literature is the sum product of the language. The beneficial role of literary texts in Second Language Learning is studied in this paper with the help of authentic data elicited from an experiment carried out among learners. From the Faculty of Arts, University of Jaffna, 50 under graduates reading in the third year were selected at random and divided into two group i.e. the control group and the experimental group. An identical Pre-test was conducted among both groups and the results were found to be with very little variation. A literature-based syllabus incorporating selected works of English literature fused with skill based language exercises was produced for the experimental group. The findings have impacts over the currently adopted syllabuses and stressed the benefit of literature oriented language activities. Adapted from the source document Subject: Literature (49250); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Reading (75930); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Second Language Reading Instruction (75950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Exploiting Literature in the Teaching of English as a Second Language Correspondence author: Suntharesan, V   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 307-321 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505264 ProQuest document ID: 1684415462 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415462?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role Play - An Integrated Approach to Enhance Language Skills (LSRW) of the ESL Learners - A Collaborative Action Research Report Author: Chaitanya, E Krishna; Ramana, K Venkata Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 469-482a. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415491?accountid=50982 Abstract: In India, particularly in the state of Andhra Pradesh, the participation of students in English language classrooms is minimal. There are numerous reasons for this, like low confidence levels, improper exposure and practice of language skills and so on. To add to this situation, majority of the English language classrooms in India is teacher-centered and it affects the students' participation and thus their role and spirit are undermined. Under these circumstances, Collaborative Action Research (CAR) methodology is employed by the researchers with the objective to overcome the existing problems using role play as a tool. Role play is used effectively as a tool as it supports students' participation and enriches their social skills. CAR promotes collaborative discussions, self reflective thinking and systematic phases of problem- solving. This paper makes an attempt to enhance students' participation and their ability to use English language in a variety of academic and professional situations besides integrating LSRW skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Role Playing (73715); Educational Activities (20910); Action Research (00240); India (35100); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Role Play - An Integrated Approach to Enhance Language Skills (LSRW) of the ESL Learners - A Collaborative Action Research Report Correspondence author: Chaitanya, E Krishna   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 469-482a Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505214 ProQuest document ID: 1684415491 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415491?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Some Perspectives on Bilingualism vis-a-vis Language Disorders Author: Nair, Vishnu1; Bhat, Sapna1 Faculty of Human Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (CCD), Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 646-653. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415561?accountid=50982 Abstract: The below information provides a brief summary concerning some recent findings in bilingual research. The material is not a typical research article. However; is intended to generate awareness for educators, speech pathologists and others regarding bilingual research. Adapted from the source document Subject: Speech Pathology (82650); Applied Linguistics (03500); Bilingualism (08850) Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Some Perspectives on Bilingualism vis-a-vis Language Disorders Correspondence author: Nair, Vishnu   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 646-653 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201504853 ProQuest document ID: 1684415561 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415561?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effect of Vocabulary Building on Students Academic Achievement in English Language at Elementary Level Author: Khan, Kifayat; Majoka, Muhammad Iqbal; Ashfaq, Umbreen Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 192-215. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415746?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the study the effect of vocabulary building activities on students' academic achievement in English language at elementary level. The main objectives of the study were to examine the difference between academic achievements of elementary level students in English taught by vocabulary building activities, and by traditional method for teaching English. The collected data was arranged in to table and analyzed by using mean score, standard deviation and test as statistical tools. The analyzed data was interpreted in to findings of the study. Conclusions were drawn from these findings. And finally recommendations were made in the light of findings and the data analysis showed that activity base method for teaching vocabulary is very effective method of teaching at elementary level. It does not strengthen only the vocabulary, but also it accelerates students learning in comprehension, creative writing and language translation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Academic Achievement (00070); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Creative Writing (15850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Effect of Vocabulary Building on Students Academic Achievement in English Language at Elementary Level Correspondence author: Khan, Kifayat   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 192-215 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505234 ProQuest document ID: 1684415746 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415746?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Project-based Learning in Business English Classroom Author: Janjua, Fauzia11 Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan gr8janjua@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 38-47. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415791?accountid=50982 Abstract: Project Based Learning (PbL) is an instructional approach built upon the engagement, interest and motivation of the learner which allows them to reflect upon their own choices and opinions to make decisions that affect the outcomes of the project under study. Engaging the learners in business projects is a practical way to enhance their learning. A class of 40 MBA students was experimented using a two group pre-test post-test design. The class was divided into two groups; the experimental and the control, by conducting a 'communication skill test' both for oral and written skills which was considered as pre-test. PbL is generally done by groups of students working together towards a common goal but the performance is assessed on an individual basis by the evaluation of the contributions made to the process of project realization. The results of the pre and post tests were compared statistically using t-test and it was found out that the communication skills of the experimental group improved significantly. Adapted from the source document Subject: Business English (10120); Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English for Special Purposes (22300); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Project-based Learning in Business English Classroom Correspondence author: Janjua, Fauzia   Author e-mail address: gr8janjua@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 38-47 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505187 ProQuest document ID: 1684415791 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415791?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Overcoming Mental Inhibition through an English Language Lab Module Author: Namputhiri, Krishnan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 1,  (January 2013): 84-92. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415845?accountid=50982 Abstract: In spite of its troubled journey in India during the last four centuries, the English language has retained its distinctiveness and uniqueness in India. Besides, during this lengthy sojourn in India, English has shaped the communicative capability of Indian minds and in turn it has been influenced by the Indianness of society in India. At present the evolving status of English as a leading global language Anther strengthens the position of English in India. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Indian English (35150); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Overcoming Mental Inhibition through an English Language Lab Module Correspondence author: Namputhiri, Krishnan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 84-92 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505241 ProQuest document ID: 1684415845 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415845?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Semantic Implications of Authors' Names in Creativity: A Study of Wole Soyinka's Name as Reflected in His Selected Works Author: Olamide, Adedoyin Eniola11 Redeemer's University College of Humanities, Department of English KM 46 Lagos-Ibadan Express Way, Redemption City, PMB 3005 Redemption Post Office Mowe Ogun State, Nigeria adedoyine@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 714-735. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495896992?accountid=50982 Abstract: Names deal in a process of identification. They constitute language which could be individually, socio culturally, psychologically or group influenced. Often metaphorically used, names could reveal the thought of its users. This paper studies the impact of authors? names on their creative use of language. We focus on the name of Africa's world acclaimed author; Wole Soyinka, deriving the utmost import of meaning(s) embedded in his name and the inseparable presence of these meaning significations in his works. We conclude that generic names absorb the creative faculty of an individual and ultimately find expression in his or her perceptions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Onomastics (60900); Yoruba (99700); Semantic Analysis (76570); Cultural Groups (16550); Literary Criticism (48700); Africa (00830); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 5119: descriptive linguistics; onomastics Title: Semantic Implications of Authors' Names in Creativity: A Study of Wole Soyinka's Name as Reflected in His Selected Works Correspondence author: Olamide, Adedoyin Eniola   Author e-mail address: adedoyine@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 714-735 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400617 ProQuest document ID: 1495896992 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495896992?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Importance of Developing Intercultural Communicative Competence among Students of ESL (Special Reference to Jaffna Students) Author: Suntharesan, V11 Senior Lecturer in English Language, English Language Teaching Center, University of Jaffna, Jaffna Sri Lanka suntharesan@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 92-102. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897054?accountid=50982 Abstract: Since English has been branded as an international language, teaching for linguistic competence cannot be isolated from teaching for intercultural competence. Yet intercultural communication has not been paid due attention to in ESL (English as a Second Language) teaching in Sri Lanka. It prompts us to realize the fact that Sri Lankan students of English may master English in terms of its grammar and linguistic aspects but encounter several problems in intercultural communication. This article aims to pay more attention to intercultural communication in English language teaching to develop students' intercultural communicative competence. Further, the article emphasizes increasingly important role of intercultural communication in English language teaching and the necessity to develop students' intercultural communicative competence. Sample learning and teaching activities are presented to be integrated in ESL teaching and learning. As per data elicited by the author, an enlightenment of the cultural norms and values of native speakers of English to students of English as a Second language would cushion against the 'culture shock' learners may experience during the learning process. Further, the comparison of learners' own culture with the foreign culture in the classroom would facilitate learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Cross Cultural Communication (16300); Sri Lanka (83650); Cultural Instruction (16580); Communicative Competence (13650); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: Importance of Developing Intercultural Communicative Competence among Students of ESL (Special Reference to Jaffna Students) Correspondence author: Suntharesan, V   Author e-mail address: suntharesan@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 92-102 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400307 ProQuest document ID: 1495897054 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897054?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Value Question: Informal Language Learning in Pakistan Author: Saeed, Mariam Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 252-266. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897081?accountid=50982 Abstract: The requirement to learn English language for socio-economic progress is undeniable. Educational institutions have incorporated language learning courses within curriculum. However, Language is also being learned through peripheral aids which include: non-standard printed and produced materials. There is sublime indoctrination of western values with language learning. Culture is embedded within language. Hence, with these peripheral learning aids the receivers are unconsciously exposed to foreign culture. The goal of this paper is to sensitize and empower the receivers and stakeholders. This can help create awareness of desirable and undesirable influences of Western values. To understand the shift in trends and value-system of Pakistan, this researcher conducted observational-studies and interviews for data-elicitation. Presently, the students of urban, private institutions are exposed to this mass-media explosion and formation of the counter-sub-cultures is limited. Nevertheless, foreign cultural ingress needs to be restricted to acceptable social norms of Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pakistan (62200); Language Culture Relationship (42150); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Sociolinguistics (80200); Psycholinguistics (69200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: The Value Question: Informal Language Learning in Pakistan Correspondence author: Saeed, Mariam   Author e-mail address: mariamsaeed@live.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 252-266 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400303 ProQuest document ID: 1495897081 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897081?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Cricketing Language in the Political Discourse of Pakistan Author: Usman, Muhammad11 Faculty of Advance Integrated Studies & ResearchNational University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad-44000 Pakistan ranamutk@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 1-14. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897208?accountid=50982 Abstract: Cricket is the most widely followed sport in Pakistan. It has, with the passage of time, become a vital part of the Pakistani society. Influencing not merely some limited social aspects, Cricket has also penetrated through much complex social phenomena like politics and diplomacy. Impetus to this is the extensive usage of cricketing language by the politicians of Pakistan in their political discourse. This not only indicates that cricket holds a greater-than-sport status in Pakistan but also posits that the political discourse, much like other discourses, is socially determined. This paper analyses selective news items, articles and political statements etc., to indicate and tabulate a number of cricketing terminologies, metaphors and phrases being frequently used in political sense. Adapted from the source document Subject: Political Discourse (66450); Pakistan (62200); Language Usage (44600); Metaphors (53250); Discourse Strategies (19255); Discourse Analysis (19200); Sociolinguistics (80200); Sports (83550) Classification: 4610: discourse analysis/text linguistics; discourse analysis Title: Cricketing Language in the Political Discourse of Pakistan Correspondence author: Usman, Muhammad   Author e-mail address: ranamutk@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-14 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400434 ProQuest document ID: 1495897208 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897208?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching writing using picture stories as tools at the high school level: the movement from other regulation to self regulation Author: Nirmala, Y11 The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad-500 605 India nimmi.ciefl@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 327-587. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897297?accountid=50982 Abstract: This thesis presents the results of a study designed to help English as a second language learners at the high school level in regional medium schools of Andhra Pradesh to improve their English writing skills through the strategic use of picture stories. It was found that this process achieved success in improving the writing skill of these learners to a certain extent. Adapted from the source document Subject: Educational Activities (20910); Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Second Language Writing (76180); Second Language Writing Instruction (76185); Written Language Instruction (99200) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Teaching writing using picture stories as tools at the high school level: the movement from other regulation to self regulation Correspondence author: Nirmala, Y   Author e-mail address: nimmi.ciefl@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 327-587 Number of pages: 261 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400247 ProQuest document ID: 1495897297 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897297?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Dynamic Forces which Help the Spread of English in Pakistan Author: Turi, Sajid Hussain1; Saeed, Abdul; Khan, Kaleem Raza1 Department of Modern Languages, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan sajid.turi@kiu.edu.pk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 315-326. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897345?accountid=50982 Abstract: English as an international language is deemed to be the most effective language for communication in many respects. It is the reason that in many countries, English is taught and learned either as an EN, ESL or EFL. Those countries, which had remained colonies under the British Empire have adopted English as an ESL. Pakistan being a part of united India is also among those countries where English is taught as a compulsory subject. English influenced the local languages from day one when British occupied the land. Its influence is increasing day by day due to the increased education, economic needs and the modern technologies. In this study, we have examined some of the dynamic forces which characterize the spread of English in Pakistan. The data were collected through online sources, documents and articles. The thematic analysis of the study highlights some of the important factors responsible for speeding up the spread of English in Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language (22100); Sociolinguistics (80200); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: The Dynamic Forces which Help the Spread of English in Pakistan Correspondence author: Turi, Sajid Hussain   Author e-mail address: sajid.turi@kiu.edu.pk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 315-326 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400780 ProQuest document ID: 1495897345 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897345?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Storytelling and Reading Comprehension: A Case Study Author: Soltani, Rahmatollah11 Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr Branch, Mahshahr, Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 588-595. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897393?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of storytelling on the development of Iranian EFL learners reading comprehension. Accordingly, sixty out of one hundred and thirty EFL learners based on their scores in the proficiency test were selected as the subject of this study and randomly classified into experimental and control group. Each group in each level consisted of thirty learners. All the conditions especially teaching materials were kept equal and fixed at each level, except for the EG the subjects reading was thought through story telling. At the end of the experiment both groups, experimental and control, were given a reading comprehension posttest. The post scores of both groups in were compared using a t-test to discover if there was any significant difference in reading comprehension between two groups. The results of the study showed that due to story telling a significant difference was found in reading comprehension development between the experimental and control groups at the level of .05. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Acquisition (70650); Second Language Reading (75930); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Story Telling (84400); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Reading Comprehension (70750); Second Language Reading Instruction (75950) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Storytelling and Reading Comprehension: A Case Study Correspondence author: Soltani, Rahmatollah   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 588-595 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400152 ProQuest document ID: 1495897393 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897393?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Multimedia-A Panacea for Language Teaching Author: Bhavana, A R11 Department of Educational Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-46, Tamilnadu, India bhavanaar@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 11-15. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897444?accountid=50982 Abstract: In an examination of the English language teaching situation in India, this article highlights how teachers can benefit from the use of multimedia tools in their language instruction. Teachers can use multimedia to experiment with new teaching methods and apply modern technology to the support of the learning of language skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Multimedia (55660) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Multimedia-A Panacea for Language Teaching Correspondence author: Bhavana, A R   Author e-mail address: bhavanaar@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 11-15 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400290 ProQuest document ID: 1495897444 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897444?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Linguistic Anxieties: Impact of English on Politics, Mother Tongue and Creative Writing in India Author: Manuel, Anita11 Associate Professor of English, KCG College of Technology, Karapakkam, Chennai-600 097, Tamilnadu, India anitamanuel@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 702-713. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897500?accountid=50982 Abstract: The perception of English as the key to economic success creates an ideological ambivalence that makes itself felt in all spheres, whether political or social. The paper analyses the political, social and cultural dimensions of the conflict between regional languages and English in India. It is increasingly clear that the English language is here to stay in spite of the periodic trumpet calls issued against the spread and use of English in the name of patriotism. The continuing dominance of English in independent India is a matter of concern for many who see in it a fundamental contradiction. However, others believe in rejecting the political and cultural hegemony of the west without rejecting the language of the colonial powers. The paper shows how pragmatic compulsions tilt political and educational policies of the country in favour of the English language, bringing together seemingly incompatible postulates. This however raises fears that the mother tongue will soon be confined to the domestic sphere, placing at risk the rich linguistic diversity of India. The paper concludes by exploring the indigenization of English and the exponential growth of creative writing in English by Indian authors which posits the proposition that for many in India, English has become an Indian language. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English (21900); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Economic Factors (20600); Political Factors (66453); Social Factors (79910); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Ideology (42670); Educational Policy (20940) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Linguistic Anxieties: Impact of English on Politics, Mother Tongue and Creative Writing in India Correspondence author: Manuel, Anita   Author e-mail address: anitamanuel@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 702-713 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400770 ProQuest document ID: 1495897500 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897500?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Status of English Language in Uttar Pradesh and Its Impact on Technical Communication Teaching Author: Choubey, Asha1; Verma, Meenakshi Harraw1 Department of Humanities & Applied Sciences, Institute of Engineering & Technology, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243123, Uttar Pradesh, India asha.choubey@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 227-235. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897921?accountid=50982 Abstract: Technical Communication or Professional Communication is a compulsory subject in the first year of professional courses. It is being taught with an objective to enhance the level of communication skills of students pursuing these courses. But, practically the teaching of technical communication/professional communication has taken the place of a theoretical subject. Students merely go to few books to learn questions on effective communication skills, speaking skills, listening skills, presentation skills or business correspondence while its purpose would have been to enhance the verbal and non-verbal communication skills to efficiently carry out the duties in a professional set up. An attempt is being made to study the teaching-learning environment of English to find out its impact on the teaching of technical communication. Adapted from the source document Subject: English for Special Purposes (22300); India (35100); Learning Environment (45880); Professional Education (67900); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: The Status of English Language in Uttar Pradesh and Its Impact on Technical Communication Teaching Correspondence author: Choubey, Asha   Author e-mail address: asha.choubey@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 227-235 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400283 ProQuest document ID: 1495897921 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897921?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Pakistani Culture and Learning of English Author: Butt, Muhammad Iqbal1; Butt, Muhammad Waleed1 Department of English, Govt. Zamindar Postgraduate College, Gujrat, Pakistan profib@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 785-803. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897990?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is at the centre of human life. It gains more importance when we talk about a language with reference to a particular culture in which it is spoken. A language is the transmitter of a culture because it is through language that a culture is expressed and transmitted. Learning language in the native culture is different from learning language in a non-native culture. In this article the researchers have discussed the issues of language, culture, the relationship between language and culture, bi/multilingualism and bi/multilingual cultures and some problems relating to the learning of English language in Pakistani culture. In Pakistan, the learners have to learn English as a second language, so they have to learn it formally in schools and colleges. Therefore, learning English has been simultaneously associated with teaching of English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Culture Relationship (42150); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction; 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: Pakistani Culture and Learning of English Correspondence author: Butt, Muhammad Iqbal   Author e-mail address: profib@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 785-803 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400291 ProQuest document ID: 1495897990 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495897990?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Vowel Duration across Age and Dialects of Telugu Language Author: Y, Krishna1; Rajashekhar, B1 Department of Speech & Hearing, Manipal College of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104 Karnataka, India krishna.y@manipal.edu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 164-185. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495898247?accountid=50982 Abstract: Vowel duration, one of the important acoustic characteristics, is important in vowel perception. Vowel duration varies based on individual, linguistic and non-linguistic characteristics. This study was to study vowel duration in all Telugu vowels across different gender, region and age groups. Using cross sectional study design, a total of 4320 tokens from 72 randomly selected Telugu speaking participants from three age groups, two gender and three region groups were analyzed. Vowel duration of the target vowel was extracted and analyzed using spectrogram. From the results it is interpreted that significant variations in vowel duration of vowels in Telugu exist between children, adolescents and adults; Coastal, Rayalaseema and Telengana speakers. Vowels /e/ and /a:/ had longest vowel duration, while short and long vowels /i/ have shortest vowel duration. Children found to have longer vowel duration as compared to adolescents or adults. Regional influences are seen on vowel duration. Rayalaseema speakers have longer vowel duration as compared to Coastal or Telengana speakers. Hence, it is essential for speech language pathologists to apply the age, gender and region appropriate normative data to achieve appropriate speech output. Adapted from the source document Subject: Vowels (95650); Sound Duration (Phonetics) (80400); Telugu (88320); Age Effects (01152); Adolescents (00450); Adults (00600); Children (11850); Acoustic Phonetics (00150) Classification: 6110: phonetics; phonetics Title: Vowel Duration across Age and Dialects of Telugu Language Correspondence author: Y, Krishna   Author e-mail address: krishna.y@manipal.edu Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 164-185 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400935 ProQuest document ID: 1495898247 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495898247?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Fossilization and Plateau Effect in Second Language Acquisition Author: Al-Shormani, Moahmmed Qassem11 Department of English, College of Arts, P.O. Box: 70270, Ibb University, Ibb, Republic of Yemen moshormani@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 763-784. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495898638?accountid=50982 Abstract: In language acquisition (LA), what distinguishes the acquisition of L1 from that of L2 is fossilization as being a characteristic of L2 acquisition. The term 'Fossilization' has been borrowed from the field of paleontology to characterize a stage in the L2 learning process in which the L2 learner language gets "encased" or stop-short to perform like native speaker of that language. In fact, fossilization is an inevitable phenomenon in second language acquisition (SLA) process. Compared to fossilization, learning plateau is also another phenomenon which differs from the former in that it is temporary and can be overcome by learners provided that they get subjected to certain pedagogical techniques and effective learning strategies. Thus, this paper aims at characterizing fossilization and learning plateau in SLA, examining their modern and current notions, their theorization, their relationship to Universal Grammar (UG) and how fossilization can only be assumed but not demonstrated. It also aims at exploring and examining how, when, why they occur and what linguistic and nonlinguistic factors contributing to their occurrence and the way they can be prevented and/or overcome. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Fossilized Speech (25400); Universal Grammar (92800); Learning Processes (45950); Learning Strategies (46000); Second Language Learning Theories (75860) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: Fossilization and Plateau Effect in Second Language Acquisition Correspondence author: Al-Shormani, Moahmmed Qassem   Author e-mail address: moshormani@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 763-784 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400157 ProQuest document ID: 1495898638 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495898638?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ SLA and Classroom Research Author: Karunakaran, T1; Nirmala, Y1 Senior Lecturer in ELT, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka karuenglish@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 2,  (February 2013): 152-163. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495901509?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to discuss some concepts of second language acquisition and classroom research. When a teacher is aware of the basics of second language acquisition and classroom research, second language teaching and learning becomes better. In this paper, some fundamentals of second language acquisition and classroom research are elaborated and analyzed critically. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700); Research Design (72950) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: SLA and Classroom Research Correspondence author: Karunakaran, T   Author e-mail address: karuenglish@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 152-163 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-01-01 Accession number: 201400141 ProQuest document ID: 1495901509 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1495901509?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study on Relative Clause Structure in English and Arabic Author: Al-Washali, Ibrahim Hassan N M1; Hasnain, Imtiaz1 Department of Linguistics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India ialwashali1@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 1-21. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412178?accountid=50982 Abstract: Comparative study is important for those students who study a second language and/or foreign language and for those who translate from a language into another. It is important for those Arab students who study English to compare English and their language (Arabic). This paper compares English and Arabic at the grammatical level. The main focus is on the relative clauses structure in English and Arabic to provide some suggestions that may help the teachers as well as the course designers who are concerned with English language teaching/learning in Arab world. The scope of this paper has been restricted to the comparison of the relative clauses structure in English and Arabic. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Arabic (03750); Relative Clauses (72650); Comparative Linguistics (13850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics; 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study on Relative Clause Structure in English and Arabic Correspondence author: Al-Washali, Ibrahim Hassan N M   Author e-mail address: ialwashali1@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-21 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404587 ProQuest document ID: 1530412178 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412178?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Current State of the Art in the Teaching of Grammar at Vietnamese High Schools Author: Anh, Do Kieu11 Division of Foreign Studies, Southeast Asia Ministers of Education, Regional Training Center (SEAMEO RETRAC), 35 Le Thanh Ton, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam kieuanhdo.ws@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 22-42. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412219?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper analyzes the importance of teaching grammar in EFL classrooms and seeks the appropriate answers to the questions of when, what and how to teach grammar at Vietnamese high schools. In this paper, second/foreign language teaching methodologies in the last several centuries will be briefly reviewed in chronological order with a special focus on the role of grammar and grammar teaching. Secondly, the development and the current state of the art of grammar teaching in the world as well as in Vietnam over the last thirty years will be investigated. Finally, the paper will end with the predictions and recommendations for future directions. Adapted from the source document Subject: Vietnam (94100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Grammar Instruction (28550) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Current State of the Art in the Teaching of Grammar at Vietnamese High Schools Correspondence author: Anh, Do Kieu   Author e-mail address: kieuanhdo.ws@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 22-42 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404356 ProQuest document ID: 1530412219 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412219?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Integration of Skills in English Language Teaching for Engineering Students Author: Vinod, Veena11 Lecturer in English, Also Research Scholar, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, JNN College of Engineering, Shimoga 577201, Karnataka, India veena.shimoga@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 391-394. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412312?accountid=50982 Abstract: The increasing specialisation of content in English teaching curricula saw its beginning in the early 1960s. Teaching of English generally is treated as teaching with utilitarian purpose. The concept of ESP (English for specific purpose) is said to be particularly appropriate for teaching English to students of Science and Technology. This paper focuses on teaching English language for Engineering students to develop communicative competence for career development. The paper argues that language learning is a skill -- oriented activity and needs an entirely different pedagogic approach from the one used for other convention courses. The students in technical institutions need to be trained in the skills that help them build a career in corporate world. The paper discusses the methods, means and techniques of integrating skills in an ELT classroom. Integrating skills through activities helps to train the students in acquiring effective communicative competence in English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English for Special Purposes (22300); Communicative Competence (13650) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Integration of Skills in English Language Teaching for Engineering Students Correspondence author: Vinod, Veena   Author e-mail address: veena.shimoga@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 391-394 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404353 ProQuest document ID: 1530412312 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412312?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Is Task-based Language Teaching 'The Answer'? Author: Iqbal, Munawar1; ul Hussnain, Syed Razzi1 Chairperson, Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan munawar.gondal@iiu.edu.pk Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 447-463. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412319?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate Task based language teaching (TBLT), understand its theoretical foundations, its implications for classroom practice and material design, and how it works in the language teaching context of Pakistan. The article explains that evolution of TBLT in its present form clearly indicates that it is a practical manifestation of communicative language teaching (CLT). It is also discussed how tasks can help learners engage in the process of negotiation for meaning that may ultimately lead them towards gaining language proficiency. The authors also note that current language teaching environment and examination system in Pakistan may pose a serious challenge for a language teacher to use TBLT in classrooms. However, it is noted that adapting TBLT to the local needs and situations may be the answer, various suggestions/recommendations in this regard are also given. The article also analyses various myths such as there is no room for 'focus on form' in TBLT and TBLT is not suitable for exam based teaching. While evaluating TBLT Krashen's ground-breaking but controversial ideas such as the distinction between learning acquisition (acquisition-learning hypothesis) were also discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning Theories (75860); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Pakistan (62200); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Is Task-based Language Teaching 'The Answer'? Correspondence author: Iqbal, Munawar   Author e-mail address: munawar.gondal@iiu.edu.pk Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 447-463 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404193 ProQuest document ID: 1530412319 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412319?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Major Linguistic Barriers of Oral Communication in English as Perceived by the Tertiary Level ESL Students Author: Pathan, Md Arif Khan11 Lecturer in English, Department of Languages, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh arifkhan590@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 395-406. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412340?accountid=50982 Abstract: Effective oral communication skills help students to improve their own academic performance, increase their employment options, enhance their subsequent professional competence, and improve their own personal effectiveness. Unfortunately, while communicating orally in English, the learners usually encounter varied linguistic problems that evidently hamper their communication. The goal of the present study is to find out the major linguistic barriers of oral communication in English faced by the ESL students at the tertiary level. It also tends to find out some effective and necessary solutions of the problems, so that, both the teachers and the students can be benefited in their objectives. The data for the present study were obtained through some audio texts and oral presentations. The findings of the study show that unfamiliarity with the sound system of English, inadequate range of vocabulary, inability to form certain grammatical constructions like WH-questions, passive sentences, reported speeches, etc, and failure to use different word classes according to the demand of the sentence are the main barriers of oral communication. The study also recommends that the items which pose serious problems in oral communication should be given more emphasis and sufficient treatment in the syllabus and also should be taught in such a way these are used in real life situations. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Oral Language (61300); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Major Linguistic Barriers of Oral Communication in English as Perceived by the Tertiary Level ESL Students Correspondence author: Pathan, Md Arif Khan   Author e-mail address: arifkhan590@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 395-406 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404383 ProQuest document ID: 1530412340 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412340?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Psychological Studies and Linguistic Analysis Author: Jadwani, Bhagwanti11 Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Science, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Block F, School of Social Sciences, Academic Complex, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi 110068 bhagwanti01@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 491-502. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413407?accountid=50982 Abstract: Psychologists mainly use language as a tool to study human behavior and cognitive functioning. In fact, there is no psychological measure where language is not used, from the instructions and the tests itself to analysis and interpretation we find language everywhere. Since 1970s 'turn to language' movement there has been many developments in the methods where language is the only tool whereby one can plunge deep in the human mind. Discourse analysis, text analysis and analysis of narratives are some of the forms of methods which can be very useful for psychologists. Present paper is focused on the analytical methods when linguistic data is collected through interviews, diaries, literary writings and narrations; how the data can be stratified and put to meaningful structure for the researchers' purpose and to keep the human aspect in the data intact. The Example discussed in the paper is thematic analysis. Adapted from the source document Subject: Psycholinguistics (69200); Schizophrenia (75250); Discourse Analysis (19200); Text Analysis (89100); Language Thought Relationship (44410); Cognitive Linguistics (12900); Psychology (69205) Classification: 4010: psycholinguistics; psycholinguistics Title: Psychological Studies and Linguistic Analysis Correspondence author: Jadwani, Bhagwanti   Author e-mail address: bhagwanti01@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 491-502 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404067 ProQuest document ID: 1530413407 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413407?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Affinities in Word Formation among the Bodo Group Of Languages Author: Basumatary, Phukan Ch11 Dept. of Bodo, Rangia College, Rangia 781354, Kamrup, Assam, India phukan.basumatary@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 300-316. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413408?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the common features of linguistic structure found in the languages of Bodo group of Northeast India. Properly this is a typological analysis which shows some similarities in word formation as a whole. Also Tibeto-Burman group of languages have formed a solid linguistic area throughout the states of Northeast India. This view point will also be picturised in this analysis. Adapted from the source document Subject: Word Formation (97400); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); India (35100); Language Typology (44450) Classification: 5410: language classification; typological classification Title: Affinities in Word Formation among the Bodo Group Of Languages Correspondence author: Basumatary, Phukan Ch   Author e-mail address: phukan.basumatary@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 300-316 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404700 ProQuest document ID: 1530413408 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413408?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Study of the Effectiveness of Indirect Vocabulary Learning Strategy on the Iranian Undergraduate Students' Reading Comprehension Author: Naeimi, Maki1; Choo, Thomas1 School of Languages, Literacies and Translation, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Penang, Malaysia makinaeimi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 407-430. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413437?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in vocabulary learning strategies given that they are found to facilitate second/foreign language vocabulary learning and recall. As many learners do not develop sufficient mastery of the strategy repertoire, explicit instruction on vocabulary learning strategies may help them to become more proficient with the broad range of strategies they can use through their vocabulary learning process. The present study was conducted to study the effect of indirect vocabulary learning strategy on reading comprehension skill on EFL Iranian learners. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a language proficiency test was administrated to one hundred male and female university students who studied in a course other than English as their major in Omidiyeh Islamic Azad University Khouzestan, Iran. Ultimately, thirty intermediate students were selected and assigned as a homogeneous group to participate in an instruction period. The students were taught vocabulary through utilizing indirect strategies (i.e., Organizing, Discussing your feelings with someone else, and Cooperating with peers) for developing their vocabulary storage in reading comprehension. After ten sessions of treatment, the students were given a post-test of an achievement vocabulary test. at intermediate level. So presenting the target vocabulary items in context and using indirect vocabulary learning strategies like the selected strategies make a remarkable difference in terms of overall performance for a particular group of student like intermediate level of students. According to the findings of this study, it is suggested that material designers may develop teaching materials based on strategy-instruction especially on indirect strategies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Vocabulary Learning (94855); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Reading Comprehension (70750); Second Language Reading (75930); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Vocabulary Instruction (94850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Study of the Effectiveness of Indirect Vocabulary Learning Strategy on the Iranian Undergraduate Students' Reading Comprehension Correspondence author: Naeimi, Maki   Author e-mail address: makinaeimi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 407-430 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404379 ProQuest document ID: 1530413437 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413437?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Introducing English Pronunciation Teaching in Indian Educational System-'Why' and 'How' Author: Maskara, Reena11 Department of Foreign Languages and Applied Linguistics, Yuan Ze University, 135, Yuan Tung Road, Chungli, Taiwan, 320 reena.maskara1984@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 333-346. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413470?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is used as a lingua franca in India. However, English has diverse dialects due to the influence of various local languages of India. In addition, the Indian educational system does not give much stress on learning English pronunciation causing variation in spoken English. The influence of local language in spoken English could be minimized by introducing phonetics (English pronunciation) English language-teaching curriculum of India. This paper aims to a) explore the existing English pronunciation problems; b) find the need addressing these problems; c) propose various solutions and their priority. We found that English pronunciation as a problem and phonetics' teaching is a need for Indian students. The IPA phonetic symbols should be part of the Indian education system. Even a surface level awareness of phonetics might bring a lot of uniformity in various Indian English dialects. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Pronunciation Instruction (68560); Oral Language (61300); International Phonetic Alphabet (37450) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Introducing English Pronunciation Teaching in Indian Educational System-'Why' and 'How' Correspondence author: Maskara, Reena   Author e-mail address: reena.maskara1984@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 333-346 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404375 ProQuest document ID: 1530413470 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413470?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Exploring the Semantic Changes in Persian Loan Words Used in Brass Industry of Moradabad Author: Shariq, Md11 Department of Linguistics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India Shariq7771@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 371-380. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413494?accountid=50982 Abstract: The concept of Semantic Change and Borrowing is the major concern of the present study and it focuses on the terminologies borrowed from Persian language which are used in Brass Industry of Moradabad. Consequently the study attempts to raise some of the pertinent questions like; what happens to a new or complex terminology once it has been formed, coined, or borrowed from another language, and is used by a larger number of speakers? What changes does such a word (Terminology) undergo? Nowadays terminology is recognized as an independent branch of science, its close links with linguistics determine the dominating role of lingual principles in formation of terminology. The lexical aspect of those principles supposes to respect the specifies of the terminological stratum in the general lexical system of language, the interrelations of terms and non-terms, terminological and general vocabulary, the connections between terminology and professionally, socially, territorially, historically and stylistically limited lexical layers, etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: Business Communication (10110); Language for Special Purposes (42550); Terminology (88550); Semantic Change (76600); Persian (63700); Borrowing (09300); India (35100); Language Usage (44600); Language Change (41850) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Exploring the Semantic Changes in Persian Loan Words Used in Brass Industry of Moradabad Correspondence author: Shariq, Md   Author e-mail address: Shariq7771@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 371-380 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404617 ProQuest document ID: 1530413494 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413494?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Testing Oral Skills: An Innovative Approach to Promote Fluency Author: Thanesh, U11 Department of English, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai 603 112, Tamil Nadu, India thaneshviveka@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 381-390. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413510?accountid=50982 Abstract: Proficiency in the English language is a 'complex skill' comprising four basic skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). The four language skills are also known as the different modes of communication. Listening and reading are the receptive skills which are involved in the decoding process of communication. The other two skills are the productive skills which perform the encoding process of communication. Language teachers strive to impart the requisite four skills by adopting innovative approaches depending on the state and minds of their learners. Among the four skills, writing was given the major focus in teaching until 1990 but with the liberalization of Indian economy and with the entry of Multi-National Companies, Call Centres, Business Process Outsourcing companies, and so on, there has been a shift in focus in favour of the spoken skills. There is now a huge need for young employees fluent in spoken English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Business Communication (10110); Fluency (24910); India (35100); Business English (10120); English Proficiency (22335); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Oral Language (61300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Testing Oral Skills: An Innovative Approach to Promote Fluency Correspondence author: Thanesh, U   Author e-mail address: thaneshviveka@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 381-390 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404391 ProQuest document ID: 1530413510 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413510?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Efficacy of Simulations in the ESL Context for the First Generation Tertiary Learners: An Experimental Study Author: Ganesan, A11 Department of English, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai 603 112, Tamil Nadu, India ganesanbliss@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 43-55. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413532?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper chiefly focusses on the inadequacy of the traditional syllabus in infusing the language skills. The research paper is also an attempt to give an alternative Simulation Based Syllabus which is likely to fulfil the goals of the teaching/learning process. The prescribed syllabus in colleges invariably is provided with five short stories, five poems (anthology of prose, poetry and fiction) and five prose essays. However, these do not help adequately in the acquisition of English language and the requisite grammatical competencies. Therefore, the researcher decided to introduce a few activities to cater to the needs of the first generation rural learners. The introduction of simulations in classrooms presents a threat-free ambience which brings fairly good results in the acquisition of the Second Language and helps overcome the learners' inhibitions. This paper primarily concentrates on the effectiveness of using simulations in the ESL context and to prove that this innovative technique fetches prolific results. Adapted from the source document Subject: Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Curriculum Planning (16780); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Learning Processes (45950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Efficacy of Simulations in the ESL Context for the First Generation Tertiary Learners: An Experimental Study Correspondence author: Ganesan, A   Author e-mail address: ganesanbliss@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 43-55 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404366 ProQuest document ID: 1530413532 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413532?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Use of Symbolic Language in Ibsen's A Doll's House: A Feministic Perspective Author: Baseer, Abdul1; Dildar, Sofia; Zafran, Fareha1 Lecturer in English (Linguistics), Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan abdulbasseer@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 622-630. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413540?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is a feministic analysis of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House in Julia Kristeva's perspective of semiotic and symbolic language. The focus of the paper is to expose the patriarchy and its ruthless exploitation of women. In the light of Kristeva's semiotic / symbolic language modes appropriate sentences, clauses, phrases and lexemes have been specified and marked out to uncover the social status of woman, and to demonstrate that how a woman is reduced to mere a toy or / and a breathing object to a maximum extent, and a socially constructed phenomenon working for man. The paper concludes that patriarchy establishes the ideas of man's ascendancy and woman's relegation on the basis of symbolic concepts associated with male-dominated linguistic code, and not on the basis of semiotic use of language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Semiotics (77100); Drama (19750); Feminism (24100); Socioeconomic Status (80150); Literary Criticism (48700); Symbolism (86600) Classification: 5910: semiotics; semiotics Title: The Use of Symbolic Language in Ibsen's A Doll's House: A Feministic Perspective Correspondence author: Baseer, Abdul   Author e-mail address: abdulbasseer@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 622-630 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404936 ProQuest document ID: 1530413540 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413540?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Attitudes towards Varieties of Spoken English in Pakistani Context Author: Parveen, Sabahat1; Mehmood, Asim1 Research Scholar, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan sabahatmushtaq@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 652-667. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413573?accountid=50982 Abstract: Pakistan has a multilingual environment and thus has a rich setting for the exploration of language attitudes. Despite the intense interest in this issue in the media and at both the governmental and community levels, there have been little systematic attempts at documenting this phenomenon. Keeping in view the status of English and its importance in Pakistan, this study has been designed to investigate attitudes towards different varieties of English and the importance of PE as a non native variety of English. Specifically, the researcher is interested in understanding English from the perspective of a Second Language Listeners? (ESL) perceptions of two different varieties of English -- Standard English (SE) and Pakistani English (PE) The present study deals with the concept of language attitude, speakers' perceptions in different contexts of language use with a special focus on the perceptions of Pakistani ESL students in Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: South Asian English (80810); Pakistan (62200); Language Varieties (44650); Language Attitudes (41800); Sociolinguistics (80200); English as a Second Language (22100); English as an International Language (22200); New Englishes (57455); English (21900) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Study on Attitudes towards Varieties of Spoken English in Pakistani Context Correspondence author: Parveen, Sabahat   Author e-mail address: sabahatmushtaq@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 652-667 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404805 ProQuest document ID: 1530413573 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413573?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Investigation into Some of the Learning Problems in English Language Writing among Lambada Community Learners in Andhra Pradesh Author: Padmamma, N Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 126-299. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413579?accountid=50982 Abstract: This dissertation examines the teaching of basic grammar to Lambada community learners. The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyse, and understand the issues involved in the teaching of writing at the high school level. The subjects of the study are Class VIII learners of the Lambada community in the Government School of Gokafaslawad of Mahaboob Nagar District. The study focused on the teaching of writing, as it is the most essential skill for academic purposes. Adapted from the source document Subject: Grammar Instruction (28550); Written Language Instruction (99200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Writing Instruction (76185); English for Academic Purposes (22270); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: An Investigation into Some of the Learning Problems in English Language Writing among Lambada Community Learners in Andhra Pradesh Correspondence author: Padmamma, N   Author e-mail address: padma.eflu@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 126-299 Number of pages: 174 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404382 ProQuest document ID: 1530413579 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413579?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Differences in SL Learning Styles and Teaching Methods Author: Jesudas, Roseline Nirmala; Ewaidat, Hala Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 3,  (March 2013): 464-490. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413669?accountid=50982 Abstract: Students show their unpredictable learning style and teachers have their own preferred strategies. The ultimate aim of the language instructor is to help students to develop their language learning skills in the best and practical way because a teacher may indeed be highly knowledgeable & Creative, yet still be ineffective in training students whose learning is still developing and need to overcome their learning difficulties. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); Learning Strategies (46000); Learning Processes (45950); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Second Language Teachers (76120); Cognitive Style (13100) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Differences in SL Learning Styles and Teaching Methods Correspondence author: Jesudas, Roseline Nirmala   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 464-490 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404194 ProQuest document ID: 1530413669 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413669?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Comparison between Executive Interpreting and Simultaneous Interpreting in Learning Vocabulary by EFL Learners Author: Azizmohammadi, Fatemeh1; Samadi, Fatemeh1 English Literature, Azad University, Research and Science Branch of Arak Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 167-176. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412336?accountid=50982 Abstract: Interpreting is a Language Skill Interpreting is a language skill that a student can acquire consciously or unconsciously through an intensive process of learning, training, and experiencing in a formal classroom, in a set-up situation, or in a real-life situation .In consecutive interpreting the interpreter listens to a speech while taking notes. When the speaker has finished, the interpreter stands up and delivers the speech in his or her native language. In simultaneous interpreting the listener hears the interpretation at the same time as the speech is made. Focus of This Study: In this study the effect of teaching executive interpreting in comparison to simultaneous interpreting on vocabulary acquisition in respect of gender of the subjects was investigated. To meet the aim, sixty four Iranian EFL students (32 males and 32 females), majoring in translation English as a Foreign Language at the Arak University participated in this study. Up to this level, students are exposed to a semi-real life situation where they are listening to different English native speaker dialects through the prepared tapes/CDs and VCDs. After that one group which has written notes about their listening, spoken based on their notes and another group spoken about what they are heard .Then on the basis of special vocabulary which both group listened, the researchers have taken vocabulary test. By employing a t-test, students differed significantly in their vocabulary scores. It means students who are exposed to executive interpreting gained better score than another group. On the other hand, female had better scores in vocabulary test rather than male students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Interpreting (37790); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Sex Differences (77850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Learning Strategies (46000); Vocabulary Learning (94855); Vocabulary Instruction (94850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Comparison between Executive Interpreting and Simultaneous Interpreting in Learning Vocabulary by EFL Learners Correspondence author: Azizmohammadi, Fatemeh   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 167-176 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2 940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404357 ProQuest document ID: 1530412336 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412336?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Good Way for Teaching Vocabulary Author: Mirkamali, Fahimeh11 Farhangian University of Arak maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 146-159. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412381?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present research was intended to investigate the effectiveness of foreign language vocabulary acquisition through pictures and short stories. The subjects were divided into four groups as follows: a) 15 males in age range of 8-10 b) 15 females in age range of 8-10 c) 15 males in age range of 20-30 d) 15 females in age range of 20-30. All the participants came from the same linguistic background. In all the groups vocabulary items were presented through pictures and short stories. The treatment of the study took five sessions. The researcher used two similar tests as pretest and posttest. Each of them consisted of 40 vocabularies. After the treatment, the posttest was administered. Then the statistical technique of two-way ANOVA was utilized to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that: 1. Both pictures and short stories are useful in teaching vocabulary items. 2. Vocabulary acquisition is more facilitated through the use of pictures than short stories. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Educational Activities (20910); Visual Media (94550); Vocabulary Instruction (94850) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: A Good Way for Teaching Vocabulary Correspondence author: Mirkamali, Fahimeh   Author e-mail address: maghsudim@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 146-159 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404198 ProQuest document ID: 1530412381 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412381?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Impact of Using the Native Language on Developing English Language Grammar Achievement Author: Alseweed, Mohammad11 Qassim University malseweed@qu.edu.sa Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 1-13. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413622?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper investigates the impact of using the students' mother tongue, the Arabic language (L1), on enhancing achievement and learning of the English language (L2) grammar. It also seeks to find out whether the use of L1 in teaching the grammar of L2 affects the students' learning outcome. Twenty six male students of the English Language Program at Buraydah Community College, Qassim University participated in this study. They were divided into two groups; the experimental group studied in L1 teaching context and the control group studied in L2 teaching context. The grammar lesson, "the passive and the active voice" was chosen as the grammar topic. Data was obtained through pre-post tests, and students and teachers feedback. The statistical analysis and the comparisons of the scores of the two groups show that the use of L1 in teaching L2 grammar does not benefit the students since the scores of the control group members (who were taught in L2) are higher than those achieved by the experimental group members (who were taught in L1). Key Words: L1 and L2, teaching L2 grammar, L2 learning outcome. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Language of Instruction (43180); Arabic (03750); Grammar Instruction (28550); Learning Outcomes (45940) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Impact of Using the Native Language on Developing English Language Grammar Achievement Correspondence author: Alseweed, Mohammad   Author e-mail address: malseweed@qu.edu.sa Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-13 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404355 ProQuest document ID: 1530413622 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413622?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sports: A Universal Language of Cultural Exchange, Brotherhood and Empowerment Author: Rajan, A Kaleb1; Premkumar, C Johnson1 Dean, Physical Education, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi-642003, Tamilnadu, India kalebrajan@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 128-132. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413636?accountid=50982 Abstract: Sports is a universal language. At its best it can bring people together, no matter what their origin, background, religious beliefs or economic status are. When young people participate in sports or have access to physical education, they can experience real exhilaration even as they learn the ideals of teamwork and tolerance. That is why sports has always been used as a medium of help in the work for peace, and in the efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of international importance. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 2005 as the International Year of Sport and Physical Education. The United Nations Fund for International Partnerships also merits recognition for the important role it plays in fostering sports-related programmes in developing countries. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sports (83550); United Nations (92730); Education (20900); Beliefs (08100); Cross Cultural Communication (16300) Classification: 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: Sports: A Universal Language of Cultural Exchange, Brotherhood and Empowerment Correspondence author: Rajan, A Kaleb   Author e-mail address: kalebrajan@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 128-132 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Sch olarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404752 ProQuest document ID: 1530413636 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413636?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Acquisition Forum through Communicative Language Teaching Author: Malathi, R11 Department of English, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Thudupathi-638 057, Erode District, Tamilnadu, India malathir221@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 160-166. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413642?accountid=50982 Abstract: Communication is essentially personal, the expression of personal needs, feelings, experiences and knowledge, in situations that are never quite the same. Language is the most important tool of communication. The ever growing need for good communication skills in English has created a huge demand for English teaching around the world. The worldwide demand for English has created demand for quality language teaching and language teaching materials. Learners set themselves demanding goals. The demand for an appropriate teaching methodology is therefore as strong as ever. Perhaps the majority of language teachers today identify "Communicative" as the methodology of choice. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the roles of teachers and learners in the class room. Our understanding of the processes of second language learning has changed considerably in the last 30 years and CLT is partly a response to these changes in understanding. In this paper we will examine the methodology known as CLT, its trends and classroom activities to language teaching today. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Language Acquisition Forum through Communicative Language Teaching Correspondence author: Malathi, R   Author e-mail address: malathir221@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 160-166 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarl y Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404374 ProQuest document ID: 1530413642 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413642?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Using Mechanical Technique versus Cooperating with Peers Vocabulary Learning Strategy: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners Author: Naeimi, Maki1; Ghassemiazghandi, Mozhgan1 Department of English, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran makinaeimi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 133-141. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414001?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article discusses the effect of Using Mechanical Technique as a direct vocabulary learning strategy versus Cooperating with Peers as an indirect vocabulary learning strategy on reading comprehension skill in foreign language learning. To fulfill the purpose of the study, fifty students were selected and assigned into two groups. The first group (A) was taught vocabulary through Using Mechanical Technique and the second group (B) utilized Cooperating with Peers vocabulary learning strategy. Results showed that Structure Reviewing strategy can lead to higher achievement of vocabulary storage in reading comprehension of EFL undergraduate students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Vocabulary Learning (94855); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Reading Comprehension (70750); Reading Achievement (70600); Second Language Reading (75930); College Students (13250) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Using Mechanical Technique versus Cooperating with Peers Vocabulary Learning Strategy: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners Correspondence author: Naeimi, Maki   Author e-mail address: makinaeimi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 133-141 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404414 ProQuest document ID: 1530414001 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414001?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Errors Committed by Rural Students at UG Level in Learning English as a Second Language Author: Preethi, J11 Department of English, Arul Anandar College, Karumathur-625 514, Madurai District, Tamilnadu, India sampreethikim@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 211-219. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414056?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper highlights a study to analyse rural students' errors while learning English as their second language. It deals with the errors committed by undergraduate students of Madurai District in Tamilnadu at the phonological, morphological and syntactic levels. In teaching English language, the teachers should concentrate on the errors committed by the students in order to eradicate their basic problems. The researcher collected data using various sources such as giving questionnaire and collecting information from the students' test papers, class discussions, and interactions. After analyzing the data the researcher came to understand that the learners' errors are due to the interference of mother tongue and lack of knowledge in the target language. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Universal Grammar (92800); Interference (Learning) (37150); Morphological Processing (55440); Phonological Processing (65110); Syntactic Processing (86760); India (35100); College Students (13250) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Errors Committed by Rural Students at UG Level in Learning English as a Second Language Correspondence author: Preethi, J   Author e-mail address: sampreethikim@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 211-219 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404417 ProQuest document ID: 1530414056 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414056?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Standardization: Speaking and Reading Skills among Rural Students Author: K, Bharathi Raj1; Baskaran, G1 Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Dindigul-624 302, Tamilnadu, India rajbharathi70@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 14-20. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414152?accountid=50982 Abstract: Students are good in studying and getting involved in classroom activities. They are eager to learn new things with enthusiasm and dedication like learning a foreign language. In the context of India, rural students do not show these characteristics in their early education level. Their performance rate in foreign language is very low or average. After getting sound coaching/training, they usually come off their shell. The reason for the initial failure is lack of awareness and love for L2. However, as our subjects showed, they are ready to imitate more or less like other L2 students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); Educational Activities (20910); Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Learning (75850); India (35100) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Standardization: Speaking and Reading Skills among Rural Students Correspondence author: K, Bharathi Raj   Author e-mail address: rajbharathi70@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 14-20 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404196 ProQuest document ID: 1530414152 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414152?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An ERP Study of Semantic Processing in Kannada-English Typical Bilingual Individuals-A Pilot Study Author: Ravi, Sunil Kumar1; Chengappa, Shyamala K; Narne, Vijay Kumar1 Department of Speech Language Pathology rsunilkumar86@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 4,  (April 2013): 306-319. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414213?accountid=50982 Abstract: Considerable neurophysiological research has been conducted to explore the neural underpinning of semantic and syntactic processing in bilinguals by using various neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques. However, the debate of the cortical organization of the two languages in bilinguals is still going on. The present study was carried out with aim of investigating how multiple languages are processed in the human brain. Event related brain potentials, specifically, N1 and N400 potentials were recorded from right handed typical bilinguals during a task involving silent reading. The participants in the experiment were five Kannada -- English bilinguals of Karnataka state in southern part of India. The bilinguals, highly proficient in both languages, had exposure in both languages since the age of 5 years. The stimuli were words that would correctly complete a short, meaningful, previously shown sentence, or else were semantically incorrect. The task consisted in deciding whether the sentences were well formed or not, giving the response by pressing a button. The participants read 100 Kannada (50 correct & 50 incorrect) and 100 English (50 correct & 50 incorrect) sentences to compare the processing of the two languages within the group. The findings revealed subtle differences in the latency and amplitude measures of various ERP components such as N1, and N400 potentials. The present paper highlights the several processes that are involved in the differences in processing of these two languages and their implications to the understanding of language processing in clinical populations such as in bilingual aphasia. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bilingualism (08850); Event Related Potentials (23388); Brain (09350); Kannada (40400); Semantic Processing (76760); English (21900) Classification: 4014: psycholinguistics; semantic processing; 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: An ERP Study of Semantic Processing in Kannada-English Typical Bilingual Individuals-A Pilot Study Correspondence author: Ravi, Sunil Kumar   Author e-mail address: rsunilkumar86@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Pages: 306-319 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404079 ProQuest document ID: 1530414213 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414213?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Importance of Grammar in English Language Teaching-A Reassessment Author: Debata, Pradeep Kumar11 Head of the Department of English, Kalinga Polytechnic, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha debatapradeep@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 482-486. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412283?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Word Grammar means different things to different people. To the ordinary citizen, it connotes to correctness or incorrectness of the language that he or she speaks. To a school student, it means an analytical and terminological study of sentences. Knowledge of grammar helps the student in the correction of mistakes and improvement of written work. A person can't learn a foreign language accurately only through a process of unconscious assimilation. Grammar is a sure ground of reference when linguistic habits fail us. So grammar is indispensable for the student. In this paper my aim is to bring the attention of the language teacher as well as the learner about the real utility of grammar in teaching English language. Hence, let's discuss some given statements below. Adapted from the source document Subject: Grammar Instruction (28550); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Importance of Grammar in English Language Teaching-A Reassessment Correspondence author: Debata, Pradeep Kumar   Author e-mail address: debatapradeep@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 482-486 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404364 ProQuest document ID: 1530412283 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412283?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ SDVFA Languages Author: Jain, A1; Sinha, S1 Department of Linguistics, Berhampur University, Odisha 760007, India jainarihant@live.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 596-604. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412289?accountid=50982 Abstract: The notion of SDVFA of order (s, t) has already been introduced by Jain (2009). In this paper, we discuss the languages accepted and not accepted by an SDVFA of order (s, t). Adapted from the source document Subject: Finite State Automata (24380); Computational Linguistics (14100) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: SDVFA Languages Correspondence author: Jain, A   Author e-mail address: jainarihant@live.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 596-604 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404601 ProQuest document ID: 1530412289 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412289?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Code-alternation in Strengthening Indigenous Cultures and Languages: A Feminist Reading Author: Ezeife, Amaka C11 Department of English, University of Ibadan, Nigeria amakaezeife@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 243-257. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412310?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is a known fact that English language was imposed on indigenous language speakers, and because of its world influence, English is dominant over other indigenous languages in Nigeria. However, when English migrates to foreign countries, it adapts and indigenises. The new users absorb and liberate it to embody the energies of their respective sensibilities. This paper identifies a feminist reading of the use of code alternation in strengthening indigenous cultures and languages in literary text. It uses Chimamada Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun as a sample. Few extracts of code switched items; the switch to and from different varieties of Nigerian English, Pidgin or an L1, depending on change in addressee or even the status or age of different addressees, were selected from the novel and analysed using insights from Myers-Scotton & Bolonyai (2001) revised Markedness Model theory of code-switching. It observes that the linguistic, social and cultural contexts of a feminist writer necessitate and propel the growth of code varieties and these serve as acts of identity. The paper concludes that the use of code alternation in female writing strengthens indigenous cultures and languages. It submits that such practice portrays the feminist/writer's African experience, creates new English that has close relationship with its ancestral home but transformed to boost its new African environs. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nigerian English (57915); Language Use (44610); Sociolinguistics (80200); Feminism (24100); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Indigenous Languages (35320); Code Switching (12650); Literary Criticism (48700); Nigeria (57910) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Code-alternation in Strengthening Indigenous Cultures and Languages: A Feminist Reading Correspondence author: Ezeife, Amaka C   Author e-mail address: amakaezeife@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 243-257 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404782 ProQuest document ID: 1530412310 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412310?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Readability of English Language Texts in the Primary Grades Author: Gupta, Renu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 534-544. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412322?accountid=50982 Abstract: When creating or selecting texts for instruction, textbook writers frequently rely on their judgment about the difficulty of a text. For a more objective measure of text difficulty, text analysis tools are available. This paper briefly describes one such tool, Coh-Metrix, which can identify linguistic and psycholinguistic features of texts. The text analysis tool was used to analyze the texts in four textbook series that are used in Classes 1-4. The results on four parameters are displayed, allowing a comparison between textbook series and across grades. Adapted from the source document Subject: Text Analysis (89100); Psycholinguistics (69200); Reading Instruction (70950); Reading Comprehension (70750); Readability (70350); English (21900) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: The Readability of English Language Texts in the Primary Grades Correspondence author: Gupta, Renu   Author e-mail address: renu@stanfordalumni.org Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 534-544 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404252 ProQuest document ID: 1530412322 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412322?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Is Manipuri an Endangered Language? Author: Devi, Soibam Rebika11 National Translation Mission, Central Institute of Indian languages, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India rebika_srd@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 520-533. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412326?accountid=50982 Abstract: Languages that are at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or transfer speaking another language are called endangered languages. If there are no native speakers, language loss occurs and becomes a dead language. If eventually no one speaks the language, it becomes an extinct language (Crystal, 2009). Many languages are currently disappearing fast owing to the processes of globalization and neo-colonialism, where the economically powerful languages dominate other languages (UNESCO's Atlas, 2009). A language is considered endangered when children of that language no longer learn it and finally they lose their language. The degree of endangerment of Manipuri, which is named as 'Meithei language' is given as 'vulnerable' in the UNESCOs Atlas on Endangered Languages, 2009. But the facts about the language show that it cannot be considered as vulnerably endangered. This paper sections deals with the facts about the position of the Manipuri language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Endangered Languages (21760); Globalization (28120); Language Status (43920); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Death (42200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Is Manipuri an Endangered Language? Correspondence author: Devi, Soibam Rebika   Author e-mail address: rebika_srd@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 520-533 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404779 ProQuest document ID: 1530412326 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412326?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Pronominals: A Comparative Study of the Languages of Bihar and West Bengal Author: Sinha, Sweta11 Centre for Linguistics, School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110067, India apna1982@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 620-636. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412342?accountid=50982 Abstract: Pronominals as we know are of various types being classified as: personal pronouns, inclusive/exclusive pronominals, honorifics, deictics, interrogative pronouns, indefinite pronouns and enclitic pronominals or pronominal suffixes. Some languages have pronominals in all the above categories while some lack such a distribution. The present paper is a study in this area. Focusing on the regions of Bihar and West Bengal this paper is an attempt to highlight the occurrence of pronominals in seven prominent dialects of Bangla as well as three of the major Bihari languages. This paper is an investigation into these ten languages bringing out the similarities and dissimilarities with respect to the occurrence and use of the pronominals. Adapted from the source document Subject: Comparative Linguistics (13850); Pronouns (68400); Suffixes (85500); Deixis (17750); Honorifics (32770); Bengali (08200); Indo Iranian Languages (35430) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Pronominals: A Comparative Study of the Languages of Bihar and West Bengal Correspondence author: Sinha, Sweta   Author e-mail address: apna1982@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 620-636 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404593 ProQuest document ID: 1530412342 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530412342?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Renaissance and Reformation of ELT in India through Multiple Intelligences Author: Nagajothi, N11 Full-time Research Scholar, V. V. Vanniaperummal College for Women, Virudhunagar 626 001, TamilNadu, India joevenky87@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 453-464. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413634?accountid=50982 Abstract: Human being has his own individuality and his own sphere of intelligence. But the teachers who train the human mind may be unaware of the fact that all the learners are not of the same cadre of intelligence and capability. Many creative geniuses like Hollywood director Spielberg were mislabeled by traditional teachers as "lazy" and "underachievers". These individuals with dyslexia tend to have strengths in other areas like creativity and imagination though they lack linguistic and logical intelligences. Dr. Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1983, 1999) challenged the traditional teaching methods which is limited to the sphere of mathematical and linguistic abilities. This paper argues how far the MI theory can pave way for the language teachers to recognize the holistic nature of learners and adopt constructive pedagogy to suit the student diversity with different learning profiles. It also highlights the mode of enlightenment with entertainment by adopting music, sports, storytelling, mass media and language games as pedagogical tools to enhance constructive learning framework for ESL/EFL tutoring. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Teachers (76120); Intelligence (36450); Language Proficiency (43570); Dyslexia (20250); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Renaissance and Reformation of ELT in India through Multiple Intelligences Correspondence author: Nagajothi, N   Author e-mail address: joevenky87@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 453-464 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 193 0-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404380 ProQuest document ID: 1530413634 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413634?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Passivization and Theta (th) Role in Arabic and Fulfulde Author: Ahmed, Aisha Iya1; Abdulkadir, Sheriff1 Department of Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Aishaahmed1958@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 210-220. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413856?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper intends to discuss how th-role is assigned to passive structures in Arabic and Fulfulde. Although Arabic and Fulfulde are from different language phyla, Arabic is a Semitic language while Fulfulde is a Niger Congo language. Fulfulde has borrowed many lexical items from Arabic due to the religious affiliation between the two languages. In Fulfulde, th-role is assigned at D.S that is on active sentence before movement of the arguments to derive the passive structures. In Arabic, both transitive and intransitive verbs take passive forms, while in Fulfulde only transitive verb has passive forms. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pulaar Fulfulde (69530); Verbs (93900); Passive Voice (62900); Borrowing (09300); Arabic (03750); Semitic Languages (77200); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Niger Congo Languages (57900) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Passivization and Theta (th) Role in Arabic and Fulfulde Correspondence author: Ahmed, Aisha Iya   Author e-mail address: Aishaahmed1958@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 210-220 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404586 ProQuest document ID: 1530413856 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413856?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Let's Humanize Language Teaching by Using L1 Author: Jindal, Deepti11 Research Scholar, Amity Institute of English Studies & Research, AMITY University, Noida-201301, Uttar Pradesh, India malusinghal@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 221-226. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413938?accountid=50982 Abstract: The role of the first language (L1) and the second (L2) in the foreign language classroom has been the subject of much discussion and considerable controversy among linguists and language teachers. It is observed that the teachers not only feel guilty while using L1 in the classroom, they use translation as a last resort and avoid translating new words. Feeling uncomfortable to translate a word in the first language themselves, most of them elicit it from a student. Even that is done mostly orally, never in writing. The majority of teachers don't want to talk about it because they always feel inferior while talking about it. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Native Language (56390); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language of Instruction (43180); Classroom Communication (12250); Language Use (44610) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Let's Humanize Language Teaching by Using L1 Correspondence author: Jindal, Deepti   Author e-mail address: malusinghal@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 221-226 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404195 ProQuest document ID: 1530413938 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413938?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Preplanned Crimes-An Analysis of Statements and Confessions in Forensic Linguistics Author: Vijayan, N11 Centre for Advanced Studies in Linguistics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India Vijayan733@hotmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 655-670. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413949?accountid=50982 Abstract: Obtaining a confession is one of the most important aims of police interrogation, and it is estimated that more than 80% of solved criminal cases are solved by a confession. The term confession is not defined in the Evidence Act of India. All the provisions relating to confessions occur under the heading of admission, which is applicable to confession also. A confession can be defined as an admission made at any time by a person charged with the crime stating or suggesting an inference that he committed the crime. The police sometimes correct the accused or otherwise guide the accused describing the crime scene and then ask him to state what happened (Rutledge, 1994). This can be verified by the language of confession. This is an important issue as far as the legal process is concerned. The analysis of the language is very much necessitated as it is related to the crime or judicial proceedings. This paper deals with information provided by the accused which brings out the preplan completed by him. Here, in this paper four cases have been taken up for analysis. The confessions and statements made by the accused have helped the police to find out the pathway of the crime and find out the actual accused and the preplanned motive of the crime. Adapted from the source document Subject: Law Enforcement Personnel (45685); Inference (35680); Sociolinguistics (80200); Law (45680); Forensic Linguistics (25130); India (35100) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Preplanned Crimes-An Analysis of Statements and Confessions in Forensic Linguistics Correspondence author: Vijayan, N   Author e-mail address: Vijayan733@hotmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 655-670 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404814 ProQuest document ID: 1530413949 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530413949?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Present Position of Teaching English Grammar in the High Schools of Assam-A Case Study Author: Saikia, Pranjal11 English Department, C.M.J. University, Shillong-793003, Meghalaya, India pranzalsaikia@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 696-703. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414167?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to throw lights on the methods adopted by the teachers of Assam for teaching English Grammar at the Secondary level. It has been observed that students from Assamese medium schools are made more conscious about the rules and regulations of grammar which indirectly generate in them a fear for the language. However, the rules and regulations of Grammar cannot be ignored. So, the question arises what methods should be employed in teaching English Grammar which might help a student learn the rules effortlessly. This paper aims at concretising some suggestions regarding effective methods of teaching English Grammar. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Grammar Instruction (28550); Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Present Position of Teaching English Grammar in the High Schools of Assam-A Case Study Correspondence author: Saikia, Pranjal   Author e-mail address: pranzalsaikia@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 696-703 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201404386 ProQuest document ID: 1530414167 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530414167?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Assessment of Symbolic Play and Language Skills in Children with Mental Retardation Author: S , Sheela11 Department of Speech-Language Pathology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India sheela.mslp@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 5,  (May 2013): 582-595. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530415364?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the symbolic play skill development and language skill development in both the receptive and expressive domains in children with mild mental retardation. In addition, the age and gender related changes across play, receptive language and expressive language domains, if any. The study included twelve typically developing Kannada speaking children and twelve mental age, gender and language matched children with mild mental retardation within the age group of 3-4 years. The subjects were administered the "Assessment Checklist for Play and speech-language domain" developed by Swapna, Jayaram, Prema, & Geetha (2010). The responses were coded and the data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The results revealed significant strong correlation between play and language skills in both the groups. Further, no age and gender effect were seen across both groups. However, the present study results supported that in children both play and language skills develop in parallel. Adapted from the source document Subject: Children (11850); Mental Retardation (52950); Language Acquisition (41600); Receptive Language (71800); Symbolism (86600); Playing (66110); Kannada (40400) Classification: 6610: mental retardation and disorders; mental disorders/mental retardation Title: Assessment of Symbolic Play and Language Skills in Children with Mental Retardation Correspondence author: S , Sheela   Author e-mail address: sheela.mslp@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 582-595 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-04-01 Accession number: 201405089 ProQuest document ID: 1530415364 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1530415364?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Nursery Rhymes as an Effective Instructional Material for Young Language Learners Author: Shwetha, R Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 772-780. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525991?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses how nursery rhymes can be a useful instructional resource for the teaching of language to young children. Learning English through rhymes can help develop students' abilities in listening, speaking, and reading while providing a non-threatening atmosphere for pupils who may find it intimidating to speak English in a formal setting. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Early Second Language Learning (20450); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Children (11850); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Nursery Rhymes as an Effective Instructional Material for Young Language Learners Correspondence author: Shwetha, R   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 772-780 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500869 ProQuest document ID: 1650525991 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525991?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Subject-Verb Agreement in Sindhi and English: A Comparative Study Author: Lashari, Mubarak Ali; Soomro, Amara Aftab Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 473-496. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526052?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper, the researchers particularly investigated the subject verb agreement in Sindhi and English languages. English and Sindhi are two entirely different languages. There are differences in their phonology, morphology and syntax also. In this paper, the researchers examined the difference between one of the aspects of syntax, specially the difference between subject verb agreements in both the languages. Syntactically English is a head initial SVO language and Sindhi is a head Final SOV language. These two languages differ not only in phonology, morphology and syntax but they have also got difference in their origin. First the study shows a brief look at origin of Sindhi and English languages. Then subject verb agreement in Sindhi and English is analysed individually, afterwards there is an analysis of comparison between these two languages in subject verb agreement. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indic Languages (35300); English (21900); Word Order (97800); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Agreement (Grammatical) (01230) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Subject-Verb Agreement in Sindhi and English: A Comparative Study Correspondence author: Lashari, Mubarak Ali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 473-496 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501059 ProQuest document ID: 1650526052 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526052?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Phenomena of Languages: Death vs. Revival Author: Alghizzi, Talal Musaed11 University College Cork, Ireland Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 642-649. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526128?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is no such thing as an ugly language. Today I hear every language as if it were the only one, and when I hear of one that is dying, it overwhelms me as though it were the death of the earth. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Revitalization (43630); Language Death (42200) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: The Phenomena of Languages: Death vs. Revival Correspondence author: Alghizzi, Talal Musaed   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 642-649 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501251 ProQuest document ID: 1650526128 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526128?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Language Instinct Author: Sinha, Sweta Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 781-792. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526151?accountid=50982 Abstract: None available. Classification: 5122: descriptive linguistics; language origins Supplemental data: Edition date: 1994 Title: The Language Instinct Correspondence author: Sinha, Sweta   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 781-792 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Book Review Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501478 ProQuest document ID: 1650526151 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526151?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Implicit Grammar Teaching Activities Author: Suntharesan, Vairamuthu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 610-617. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526176?accountid=50982 Abstract: As teaching of English as a Second language is concerned, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is currently popular and in practice in most of the educational institutions. Though CLT emphasizes meaning than form, it never fails to recognize both aspects of accuracy and fluency to the same extent. It's a well known fact that so far no method or approach has suggested that the rules governing the structure of the language can be deviated or violated. In fact, perfection of meaning inevitably depends on the perfection of meaning. There have been instances in the day-to-day social interactions where meaning gets distorted because of the flaw in structuring the language. This article focuses on how suitable language activities can be taught to enable students to recognize grammar patterns within the sphere of language use in real life situations. The activities introduced in the article are expected to help students to use the language in authentic circumstances in the proper form. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Grammar Instruction (28550) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Implicit Grammar Teaching Activities Correspondence author: Suntharesan, Vairamuthu   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 610-617 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500872 ProQuest document ID: 1650526176 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526176?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gender and Careful Linguistic Behaviour Author: Alvi, Urooj Fatima; Rasool, Shafqat Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 656-675. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526231?accountid=50982 Abstract: In sociolinguistic research, the topic of gender difference in accordance with language use has thrown light on a number of social, cultural and psychological aspects of both groups in every community. In Pakistan, this sociolinguistic aspect of language use also needs to be studied critically for the equal rights and security of women's identity. This will investigate the variation of some sociolinguistic features by examining them within the language of both genders in order to determine whether there are differences according to speech style in terms of degree of 'carefulness'. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Usage (44600); Cultural Differences (16400); Cultural Identity (16570); Sex Differences (77850); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Gender and Careful Linguistic Behaviour Correspondence author: Alvi, Urooj Fatima   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 656-675 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501192 ProQuest document ID: 1650526231 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526231?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Perceptions of EFL Teachers on Efficacy of CALL in Pakistan Author: Tabassum, Mehnaz; Parveen, Sabahat Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 631-641. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526251?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this study, efficacy of CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) in Pakistan keeping in view the special role of teachers for CALL in their classrooms is investigated. A descriptive survey research was conducted with EFL teachers working at tertiary level in different colleges of Faisalabad. 30 English teachers both male and female were selected as the participants of this study. A questionnaire was given to know the perceptions of English teachers towards CALL as a tool for study and the problems they faced for CALL efficacy in their classrooms. The results of this study revealed that teachers are having facilities of computer assisted learning at their homes and at a lesser scale in their respective institutions. They are interested in opting new methodologies in their classes and are interested in effective implementation of CALL in their classes if they are provided with the proper material for CALL. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Surveys (86000); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Study on Perceptions of EFL Teachers on Efficacy of CALL in Pakistan Correspondence author: Tabassum, Mehnaz   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 631-641 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500873 ProQuest document ID: 1650526251 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526251?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Arabic Origins of 'Time Terms' in English and European Languages: A Lexical Root Theory Approach Author: Jassem, Zaidan Ali Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 274-297. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526326?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the Arabic cognates and/or origins of time words in English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit from a lexical root theory viewpoint. The data consists of a little over 140 terms such as time, date, hour, day, night, morning, yesterday, now, month, year, annually, eventually, initially, finally, sometimes, often and so on. The results show that all such words have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings. All their different forms, however, are shown to be due to natural and plausible causes of linguistic change. For example, English time, French temp, and Latin tempus derive from Arabic zaman 'time' through different processes such as turning /z/ into /t/ in all as opposed to merging /n/ into /m/ in English and dissimilating it into /p/ in the other two; English date and German Zeit 'time' come from Arabic waqt 'time' (gate, kate in Palestinian Arabic) via reordering and turning /q/ into /d/ in the former and /z (ts)/ in the latter. Contrary to Comparative Method claims, this entails that Arabic, English and all European languages belong to the same language, let alone the same family. Owing to their phonetic complexity, huge lexical variety and multiplicity, Arabic words are the original source from which the others stemmed. This proves the adequacy of the lexical root theory according to which Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit are dialects of the same language with the first being the origin. Adapted from the source document Subject: Arabic (03750); English (21900); Time (89850); European Languages (23360); Etymology (23250); Cognates (12800); Lexicology (46900); Word Meaning (97700) Classification: 5215: lexicography/lexicology; etymology Title: The Arabic Origins of 'Time Terms' in English and European Languages: A Lexical Root Theory Approach Correspondence author: Jassem, Zaidan Ali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 274-297 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501147 ProQuest document ID: 1650526326 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526326?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative English in Teaching-Learning Process: A Critical Analysis Author: Debata, Pradeep Kumar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 705-711. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526408?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aspiration for accomplished communication has brought an enviable demand for teaching English across the globe. People want to develop their command over English. Students want to master English to a high level of accuracy and fluency. The demand for appropriate teaching medium has turned out to be mandatory. Until now, different mediums and approaches have been used for teaching English in the classroom. There are many varying opinions with regard to the issues i.e. which medium is more effective in teaching English as a foreign language in classroom. Moreover, the most important issue is how to teach English in our classrooms. At present Communicative Language teaching is the call of the hour as it has been continuously adopted by textbooks and curriculum in different levels of education. Therefore, the author has very minutely emphasised the teaching of English through skill-based pedagogy. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communicative Language Teaching (13750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communicative English in Teaching-Learning Process: A Critical Analysis Correspondence author: Debata, Pradeep Kumar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 705-711 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Art icle Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500831 ProQuest document ID: 1650526408 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526408?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evolution of Human Language - A Biolinguistic, Biosemiotic and Neurobiological Perspective Author: Nehal, Mohammad; Afzal, Mohammad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 676-690. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526415?accountid=50982 Abstract: An attempt is made here to approach the origin and evolution of human language from the foundational perspective of the faculty of language as a species specific attribute, found nowhere else in the animal kingdom. The rebirth of cognitive psychology started with Noam Chomsky as a major development in attempting a scientific basis of the understanding of language with a major empirical basis in neurobiology and neuroethology. While the study of language still remains a challenging area for philosophical and methodological debate, it enlightens many new areas of cognitive psychology and sets many new neuroscientific agenda for future research. The biolinguistic, biosemiotic and neurobiological perspective focuses the origin of language problem as a working programme to find fruitful answers to many questions in neurology and attempts solutions to correct many language disorders in clinical practice. Despite a number of theories and approaches proposed to explain the origin of language in humans (Afzal et al 2007, Nehal and Afzal 2012) the basis of language generation and development in human remains a mystery (Smith and Kirby 2008). Tremendous advancements in the field of neurology, psychology, developmental genetics, computer science and engineering have addressed different fields of language and communication research and many questions of biology, psychology and medicine are being solved (Christiansen and Kirby 2003). Adapted from the source document Subject: Origin of Language (61550); Human Evolution (32793); Psychology (69205); Biolinguistics (08940); Genetics (27600); Language Acquisition (41600) Classification: 5122: descriptive linguistics; language origins Title: Evolution of Human Language - A Biolinguistic, Biosemiotic and Neurobiological Perspective Correspondence author: Nehal, Mohammad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 676-690 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501122 ProQuest document ID: 1650526415 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526415?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Importance of Language Is the Expression of Culture Author: Raja, R Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 712-715. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526460?accountid=50982 Abstract: Culture is the state of inwardness concerned with the attainment of higher ideals like simple living and high thinking. It is impossible to study the English Language by dissociating it from the culture from which it grew. Only when a culture grows and displays a fine state of living, in that atmosphere of idealism and nobility a language grows. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Culture Relationship (42150); Context (15250); Cultural Factors (16500) Classification: 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: The Importance of Language Is the Expression of Culture Correspondence author: Raja, R   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 712-715 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501021 ProQuest document ID: 1650526460 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526460?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sound System of Khoibu Author: Singh, Laishram Bijenkumar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 496a-4506. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526467?accountid=50982 Abstract: Khoibu is a language that belongs to the Kuki Chin Naga group of Tibeto-Burman family (Grierson, Linguistic Survey of India, Vol. III Part II, 1903). It is an undocumented and highly endangered Tibeto-Burman language being spoken by Khoibu tribe of Manipur. The literal meaning of this tribe is derived from khoi and pu, where khoi means bee and pu means owner. Thus the term refers to the speakers of this language as the ones who own bees, beehives and honey in the indigenous land of Khoibu territory. It is spoken by around 2800 speakers in Chandel district of Manipur. There are eight Khoibu villages in Manipur, viz., Khoibu Khullen, Biyang, Yamolching, Nungourok, Khamsing, Salemram, Thallem and Thawai. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Endangered Languages (21760); Phonological Analysis (64950) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Sound System of Khoibu Correspondence author: Singh, Laishram Bijenkumar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 496a-4506 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500916 ProQuest document ID: 1650526467 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526467?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sociolinguistic Description of Case Formation in Malaysian Spoken Tamil of the Younger Generation: A Study in Social Stratification of Language Author: Pawathy, A; Nalliannan, P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 550-568. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526593?accountid=50982 Abstract: Case is a grammatical category and its value reflects the grammatical function performed by a noun or pronoun in a sentence. Nouns take different inflected forms depending upon what case they are in. In other words, case can be defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship they have with their head forms (Clackson, 2007: 91). Adapted from the source document Subject: Case (10700); Sociolinguistics (80200); Grammatical Categories (28750); Tamil (87650); Malaysia (50800) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Sociolinguistic Description of Case Formation in Malaysian Spoken Tamil of the Younger Generation: A Study in Social Stratification of Language Correspondence author: Pawathy, A   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 550-568 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501225 ProQuest document ID: 1650526593 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526593?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Assistive Technologies in Effective Inclusive English Language Teaching for Visually Challenged Students Author: Mohanagiri, A S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 569-576. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526729?accountid=50982 Abstract: Visually challenged students face many problems in receiving effective education in a general educational setup. Accessibility to the course material is one of the major impediments they face under the setup. However, there is a solution for the problem: Visually Challenged students with difficulties in accessing information in print format can use certain technologies to access the same information in the digital format. Such technologies are called assistive technologies. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Teaching Materials (87950); Vision Disorders (94350) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Role of Assistive Technologies in Effective Inclusive English Language Teaching for Visually Challenged Students Correspondence author: Mohanagiri, A S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 569-576 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500850 ProQuest document ID: 1650526729 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526729?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Emphasizing English Language Skills - A Part of Providing Quality Education in Rural Areas Author: Kannan, C Muralidara Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 650-655. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526764?accountid=50982 Abstract: The days have gone by when every organization, be it social or individual, governmental or non-governmental, educational or industrial, focused its attention only on urban regions in rendering their quality service, extending their helping hand in creating an awareness and any other programmes and schemes of development. The present century has been witnessing a sea-change and all the organizations, irrespective of their status, support from internal and external sources and other factors, focus their attention on the uplift of rural areas. Institutes of higher education, viz., colleges, universities and deemed universities, have a greater responsibility towards this goal. Hence, providing quality education to the rural students could be the best way for each institute of higher learning to contribute their best for the overall development of our nation. Better English skills can be equated to better placement. Hence, this article makes an attempt to give a brief discussion on the importance of emphasizing English language skills to the rural students at the portals of higher education. Adapted from the source document Subject: Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Rural Areas (74335) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Emphasizing English Language Skills - A Part of Providing Quality Education in Rural Areas Correspondence author: Kannan, C Muralidara   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 650-655 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500845 ProQuest document ID: 1650526764 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526764?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Remedial Writing Instruction for Primary School Students with Difficulties in Tamil Language Author: Ranganathan, K; Kumar, K Anil; Venkatesan, S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 6,  (June 2013): 716-734. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526792?accountid=50982 Abstract: Remedial writing instruction is part of a larger basic skills academic re-education program focused on students who did not benefit from conventional strategies or procedures. The present study uses an exploratory-cum-one shot pre-test post-test non-experimental design comprising of non-equivalent groups for initial development and try-out of a need based remedial instruction program on 17 students from 5 government schools randomly identified as falling below a set cut-off score on a criterion referenced Tamil writing assessment device. The 12-week teaching program spread across 36 sessions of 45-minute duration each for 3 days a week, was carried out using an assortment of individual as well as small group based strategies, techniques and activities drawn from several sources, but based on a discernible 4-tier interventional model. It involved (i) direct skills based instruction on identified individual skill deficits; (ii) teaching the generic structure, semantics, grammar and organization of writing; (iii) promoting self management strategies for writing; and, (iv) use of technology-assisted procedures for writing. Results indicate the possibility of developing a comprehensive remedial teaching package program for improving Tamil writing in primary school children and demonstrates significant gains between their pre to post test writing scores (p:<0.001). Admittedly, the rather inferior research design used in this study precludes sufficient external validity and wide spread applications of the results in classroom settings across the country. Nonetheless, it paves the way for a need to undertake more intensive, highly focused and case-controlled studies on writing intervention strategies on several other Indian languages for benefit of such students in our country. Adapted from the source document Subject: Written Language Instruction (99200); Elementary Education (21500); Tamil (87650); Basic Writing (07750); Elementary School Students (21520) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Remedial Writing Instruction for Primary School Students with Difficulties in Tamil Language Correspondence author: Ranganathan, K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 6 Pages: 716-734 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500762 ProQuest document ID: 1650526792 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526792?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Computer Assisted Language Learning: An Instrument of Change for Boosting Motivation Level among the Students of Graduation in Pakistan Author: Mahmood, Asim1; ul Waheed, Salman; Anjum, Muhammad Asif Ikram; Majeed, Rashda1 Department of English Linguistics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Pakistan masimrai@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 7,  (July 2013): 159-170. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525792?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study defines the role of CALL in boosting motivation level of the learners of Graduation class in Pakistan. This study was an attempt to measure the effect of Computer Based Materials (CBMs) on learning capacity and motivation level of the students. It was a mixed research where the research questions were: (01) Does the use of CALL tools enhance the motivation level of the learners towards English language learning? (02) Whether the use of CALL tools help in decreasing the fear of English language prevalent among the students? Two groups of students, one dozen each, were selected after a pre-test. CALL Materials were developed. One group was taught with CALL tools while the other was taught using whiteboard lecturing method. After experimental teaching session of one month data was collected in two ways. The attendance sheets of the students and secondly the questionnaire answers. The data was statistically analyzed and the results favored CALL. It was concluded that CALL tools enhance marks gaining capacity of the learners in reading and writing test. They also boost the motivation level of the students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Students (84750); Motivation (55580); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Computer Assisted Language Learning: An Instrument of Change for Boosting Motivation Level among the Students of Graduation in Pakistan Correspondence author: Mahmood, Asim   Author e-mail address: masimrai@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Pages: 159-170 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500847 ProQuest document ID: 1650525792 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525792?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Insights into Subject-Verb Agreement in the Syntax of Sindhi and English Languages: A Critical and Comparative Analysis Author: Lashari, Mubarak Ali1; Nirmal; Gopang, Illahi Bux1 Department of English Language, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Institute of English Language and Literature, University of Sindh, Jamshoro mubaraklashari78@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 7,  (July 2013): 253-268. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526068?accountid=50982 Abstract: The central objective of this paper is to examine one of the important grammatical aspects of Sindhi and English language i.e. Subject-verb agreement but before moving to this central objective a brief historical background of both English and is given. Moreover some of the syntactic properties of both languages, including the positions of head word in the phrase and the position of verb and object, have been discussed. In addition to this Subject-verb agreement rule has been defined which is followed by the actual area of analysis. The analysis has been done by explaining various conditions in which the verb, due to the change in subject, changes similarly in both languages and some conditions where subject-verb treatment is different in both languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Agreement (Grammatical) (01230); Indic Languages (35300); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Comparative Linguistics (13850) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Insights into Subject-Verb Agreement in the Syntax of Sindhi and English Languages: A Critical and Comparative Analysis Correspondence author: Lashari, Mubarak Ali   Author e-mail address: mubaraklashari78@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Pages: 253-268 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501058 ProQuest document ID: 1650526068 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526068?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Factors Responsible for Code-Switching in Gulgulia Author: Mishra, Sneha1; Rahman, M1 Department of Humanities and Social Science, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India sneha.daffodils@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 7,  (July 2013): 379-388. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526085?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper briefly discusses the factors which contribute in code-switching in Gulgulia language which is the mother tongue of the Gulgulia community. The Gulgulias are a nomadic community, widely distributed in the states of Jharkhand, Bihar and Bengal who live by arranging shows of monkeys and bears, begging and even petty thieving. While exploring the ethno-linguistic vitality of Gulgulia, a research-worthy aspect was detected where Gulgulia exhibits a consistent pattern of multilingualism, such as in situational code-switching where domains determine the language of choice. The members cease using Gulgulia and adhere to Hindi/Khortha etc. during social domains like religious practices and in other festive celebrations. This is an interesting phenomenon that there is somewhat different language use in some specific domains and it is very likely that this phenomenon will become a threat to the existence of Gulgulia in the future. Combining the general description of the Gulgulia people, Gulgulia language and its use in society with the pattern of code-switching in Gulgulia under certain domains, this paper delves widely into the factors that contribute in such code-switching thereby channelizing our concentration towards the influence of this code-switching upon the existence of Gulgulia language in the future. Adapted from the source document Subject: Code Switching (12650); Multilingualism (55650); Hindi (31950); Sociolinguistics (80200); Language Use (44610); India (35100) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Factors Responsible for Code-Switching in Gulgulia Correspondence author: Mishra, Sneha   Author e-mail address: sneha.daffodils@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Pages: 379-388 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language ofpublication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501222 ProQuest document ID: 1650526085 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526085?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Use of Markers Observed in the Spoken Language Lexical Corpora of Children in Kannada Language Author: Prasad, B A Mahalakshmi1; Prema, K S1 #2961/75. 2nd Main, 5th Cross, Saraswathipuram, Mysore-570009, Karnataka, India; A.E.S. National College, Gouribidanur, Karnataka, India machiprasad@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 7,  (July 2013): 456-473. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526174?accountid=50982 Abstract: Research in the area of child language thrives on the availability of naturalistic language data. However, Indian endeavours are meagre and confined to the language data acquired by the Speech-Language Pathologists which is limited to the purview of their study. The present study is part of a post-doctoral work carried out at All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH). The study established a spoken language lexical corpus of children between the ages of 6 and 8 in Kannada language. The language data of 240 children, living in the city of Mysore was collected through description of standardised pictures, story narration and narration of daily activities of the child. The present paper looks into the use of markers by children while highlighting the need to encourage further research in the field of child language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Children (11850); Corpus Linguistics (15670); Child Language (11800); Kannada (40400); Oral Language (61300) Classification: 4015: psycholinguistics; child language acquisition Title: Use of Markers Observed in the Spoken Language Lexical Corpora of Children in Kannada Language Correspondence author: Prasad, B A Mahalakshmi   Author e-mail address: machiprasad@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Pages: 456-473 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500476 ProQuest document ID: 1650526174 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526174?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of Rote Learning as an ESL Learning Strategy Author: Sankary, D11 A.P.C. Mahalaxmi College for Women, Tuticorin 628 002, Tamilnadu, India; Baarath Consultancy, 129, Main Road, Kovilpatti-628501, Tamilnadu, India shankmathi@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 7,  (July 2013): 441-455. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526302?accountid=50982 Abstract: Hundreds of thousands of graduates of both professional and non-professional courses are churned out every year by the universities and colleges in India. Unfortunately, a majority of them often find themselves in the status of perennial job-seekers running from one establishment to another. Ultimately, most of them reconcile themselves to the fate of being rejected by the job market as 'unemployable', in spite of their score cards bearing the stamp of a 'first-class' or 'super-first class'. What causes this anomaly? This article attempts to probe some of the reasons behind the malady, from the perspective of ESL (English as Second Language) proficiency. The investigation is done with the help of a random survey carried out among a group of ESL learners at the point of their entry into various undergraduate courses in South India. Nevertheless, the findings of this study would be representative of the status of the ESL proficiency of a vast majority of the Indian student community. Adapted from the source document Subject: Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English Proficiency (22335); Surveys (86000) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Role of Rote Learning as an ESL Learning Strategy Correspondence author: Sankary, D   Author e-mail address: shankmathi@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Pages: 441-455 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500904 ProQuest document ID: 1650526302 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526302?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Language Codes and Sociolinguistic Variables in Wole Soyinka's The Lion and the Jewel Author: Bright, Febisola Olowolayemo11 Department of English College of Education, P.M.B 044, Azare, Bauchi-State, Nigeria olowolayemofebisola4@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 7,  (July 2013): 211-226. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526423?accountid=50982 Abstract: Observation and previous research works have shown that in any social interaction or institution, there are variations in the language codes used by individuals. In a bid to identify the reasons for these variations, this paper conducts a study on the language codes and socio-linguistic variables present in Wole Soyinka's The Lion and the Jewel. To study the language codes and sociolinguistic variables present in Soyinka's The Lion and the Jewel, the conversation/utterances of some of the characters in the play were selected for analysis in order to check for the presence of these features using insights from Basil Bernstein's Deficit Hypothesis. In addition to this, the analyses involve a consideration of sociolinguistic variables of sex/gender, age, social class, education, religion and ethnicity. The analyses reveal that the elaborated and restricted codes are the major language codes used in the play and that the afore- mentioned sociolinguistic variables are responsible for the variation noticed in the characters' language choices. It is believed that this study will aid further sociolinguistic studies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sociolinguistics (80200); Drama (19750); Literary Criticism (48700); Social Class (79900) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Study on Language Codes and Sociolinguistic Variables in Wole Soyinka's The Lion and the Jewel Correspondence author: Bright, Febisola Olowolayemo   Author e-mail address: olowolayemofebisola4@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Pages: 211-226 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501199 ProQuest document ID: 1650526423 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526423?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Impact of Arabic and Persian Language on the Kannada Language Author: Prasad, PSVSV Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 7,  (July 2013): 301-311. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526473?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with the impact of Arabic and Persian languages on Kannada language. This paper describes the influence of Arabic and Persian languages on Kannada language. The paper describes the reasons for the influence of Arabic and Persian language on Kannada language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Arabic (03750); Language Contact (42100); Kannada (40400); Persian (63700) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Impact of Arabic and Persian Language on the Kannada Language Correspondence author: Prasad, PSVSV   Author e-mail address: Psvsvprasad9@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 7 Pages: 301-311 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501083 ProQuest document ID: 1650526473 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526473?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Identity of Meiteilon Segmental Phonemes Author: Singh, Irom Robindro Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 299-317. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525809?accountid=50982 Abstract: Manipuri, also known as Meiteilon, the native tongue of the Meiteis, is a member of the Kuki-Chin group of the Arakan-Burmese branch of the Tibeto-Burman sub-family of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. M. A. Pie & F. Gaynor, 1954 and Grierson (1908) considered it to be a link between Kuki-Chin languages and Kachin languages. Shafer (1966) included it under a separate branch called Meithei, which comes under Kukish section of the Burmic division. Geographically, Manipuri is the connecting link between the two important members, i.e., Tibetan and Burmese. The Himalayan, Assam (Indic language) and Naga groups of the Tibeto-Burman Subfamily separate Manipuri in the North and Northeast from the Tibetan. In the South and Southeast, there are Kuki-Chin and Kachin groups of the sub-family between the two sister languages, i.e., Manipuri and Burmese. Grierson LSI, (part-III, Vol. III) mentions that it sometimes agrees more closely with Burmese, and even with Tibetan, than with the Kuki-Chin languages proper. Nevertheless, Manipuri is intimately related to Burmese, Tibetan and in some ways, with Chinese. We have to make a note of the fact that Manipuri and its three sister languages developed on parallel lines with their peculiar dialectal predispositions and often developed contradictory idiosyncrasies. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Phonological Analysis (64950); Dialects (18750); Phonemes (64600) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Identity of Meiteilon Segmental Phonemes Correspondence author: Singh, Irom Robindro   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 299-317 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500915 ProQuest document ID: 1650525809 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525809?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Impact of Teachers' Beliefs on L2 Grammar Teaching Author: Hassan, Nayyer Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 1-87. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525822?accountid=50982 Abstract: The following research studies the correlation between teachers' beliefs about teaching grammar and their actual classroom practices. There was a need of such kind of study in Pakistani context in order to make teachers realize the importance of knowing one's teaching beliefs before moving to changing them. This research is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research. Survey questionnaire, interviews and class observations were used for data collection. Data was collected from three semi government schools where as five teachers were conveniently selected for class observations and interviews. The data was analyzed and interpreted to get the final results. It is concluded that there is a deep woven correlation between teachers' beliefs about teaching English grammar and their classroom practices of teaching grammar. It is recommended that teachers should know their existing teaching beliefs because it is the need of the hour to improve our educational standards by making positive changes in the teaching of grammar. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Beliefs (08100); Surveys (86000); Grammar Instruction (28550); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Impact of Teachers' Beliefs on L2 Grammar Teaching Correspondence author: Hassan, Nayyer   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 1-87 Number of pages: 87 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500842 ProQuest document ID: 1650525822 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525822?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Stylistic Analysis of English Newspapers of Assam with Special Emphasis on The Assam Tribune and The Sentinel Author: Samad, Dinee Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 138-152. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525869?accountid=50982 Abstract: English print journalism gained ground in Assam towards the end of the 19th century. The publication of the first English newspaper, The Times of Assam (1895-1947), which started as a weekly edition, added a new chapter in the history of English journalism. This article draws attention to the fact that, how in a state, where English is not the native language, is the practice of writing in newspapers (in a non-native language ) be at par with the journalistic style and structure, compared to other National English dailies. In other words, it aims at investigating the linguistic style of English newspapers - both non-extinct and current in Assam - vis-a-vis the change that has come about since the publication of the first English newspaper. However, it is to be mentioned in this context that most of the English newspapers of yesteryears like The Weekly Express, Nagarik, News Star, North East Times, Eastern Clarion, News Front, North East Observer, etc., were short-lived and their copies (except The Times of Assam) are not available for reference. Therefore, in this paper the discussion would be based on data from The Times of Assam (a few issues are available for reference.), The Sentinel and The Assam Tribune - the latter two, being the most circulated dailies at present. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indian English (35150); India (35100); Newspapers (57800); Stylistics (84950) Classification: 4612: discourse analysis/text linguistics; stylistics Title: A Stylistic Analysis of English Newspapers of Assam with Special Emphasis on The Assam Tribune and The Sentinel Correspondence author: Samad, Dinee   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 138-152 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500985 ProQuest document ID: 1650525869 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525869?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning English Language in India: Challenges and Opportunities Author: Bhoi, Chitta Ranjan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 123-130. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525877?accountid=50982 Abstract: A study of English teaching-learning process in undergraduate and post graduate classes is quite fascinating and fastidious. In fact both the teacher and the learners are unaware of the effective pedagogical strategies. There are innumerable problems in this teaching-learning process which need to be addressed by the language trainers and learners with care and concern. My paper would explore the challenges and opportunities available for the teachers and students in India. In order to substantiate my points, the paper would be based on some major issues observed in our practical life. But the fact remains that learning of English is inevitable for success in this globalised world. Indeed, I have drawn my own conclusion that to master English language, self-practice is inevitable, which can never be substituted. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); India (35100); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Learning English Language in India: Challenges and Opportunities Correspondence author: Bhoi, Chitta Ranjan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 123-130 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500823 ProQuest document ID: 1650525877 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525877?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Does Plain English Matter? Author: Debata, P K Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 131-137. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525977?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper analyzes some new techniques in the field of communication skills by using Plain English. English is one of the world's most important languages. English has got its special significance in international, social, cultural as well as political activities. English continues to be the standard language in the world. It allows people to share and contribute from present to future, from local to global, from country to continent, etc. In today's business world, English is no longer viewed as a foreign language. It is the global means of communication. Most of the people in need English for communication purpose like business administration, judiciary, media, medicine, science and technology etc. So, we have to improve the language skills like speaking, listening, reading and writing as much as we can. Plain English should, I believe become an accepted part of Plain dealing between consumers businessmen, between citizens and the state etc. Adapted from the source document Subject: Simplified Language (78835); Business English (10120); English as an International Language (22200); Communication (13600) Classification: 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages Title: Does Plain English Matter? Correspondence author: Debata, P K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 131-137 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501102 ProQuest document ID: 1650525977 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525977?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Q-Particle in Azari Turkish Author: Nezhad, Mohammad Reza Pahlavan1; Habibi, Mozhghan1 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 105-122. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526345?accountid=50982 Abstract: Turkish (Turkce or Turkiye Turkcesi) is one of the languages of the southwest branch or a group of Oghuz Turkic languages and is the official language of Republic of Turkey. Azerbaijani is a language branch of the family of Turkic languages, and the language of Azari people in southwestern Asia, primarily in Azerbaijan and Azerbaijan of Iran and in Republic of Azerbaijan which is the official language there. In this paper, we adopt Hagstrom (1998) and Aygen (1999) to account for Turkish facts about the Q-particle. Evidence is presented from of Turkish and Azari Turkish and these are compared. It is a parameter. Turkish is a wh-in-situ language. It means wh- is not forced to move in them. There is a null-Q in it which appears as a morpheme in yes/no and echo questions. The distribution of the Q-Particle will be given in (I); the problem of analyzing embedded questions in these two languages (II); similarities and differences of Q-Movement and wh-questions in them. Adapted from the source document Subject: Turkish (91900); Azerbaijan (06990); Morphemes (55350); Function Words (26400); Wh Phrases (96650); Language Varieties (44650); Questions (69930) Classification: 5117: descriptive linguistics; dialectology Title: Q-Particle in Azari Turkish Correspondence author: Nezhad, Mohammad Reza Pahlavan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 105-122 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501096 ProQuest document ID: 1650526345 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526345?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Development of Syntax Comprehension Test in Hindi Language for Persons with Aphasia Author: Kumar, Santosh; Goswami, S P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 346-360. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526380?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study was carried out with the aim to develop a test of syntax comprehension in Hindi language for persons with aphasia. The present study was done in two phases. First phase included development of test material and in the second phase, the test battery was administered on neuro-typical adults and persons with aphasia. The developed material consisted of five sections, namely, prepositions, PNG markers, tenses, conjunctions and comparatives, and conditional clauses. The material was administered on 56 neuro-typical adults and 11 persons with aphasia aged 18 to 65 years. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores across the neuro-typical adults and persons with aphasia on the entire task in both the modalities. Based on this finding it is recommended that the developed test can be used for assessment of syntax comprehension for persons with aphasia. Adapted from the source document Subject: Aphasia (03400); Syntax (86800); Comprehension (13950); Language Tests (44250); Hindi (31950); Diagnostic Tests (18550) Classification: 6414: language-pathological and normal; aphasia Title: Development of Syntax Comprehension Test in Hindi Language for Persons with Aphasia Correspondence author: Kumar, Santosh   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 346-360 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journa l Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501395 ProQuest document ID: 1650526380 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526380?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Integrating Accuracy and Fluency in Communicating Language Teaching Author: Karunakaran, T Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 176-181. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526456?accountid=50982 Abstract: Communicative language teaching has been a popular method used by ESL teachers in many countries. The main focus of this approach is to make the learners use the target language in day-today situations where the learner practices his/her communicative skills of target language. This approach emphasizes fluency than accuracy, but the accuracy and fluency can be achieved by integrating these two by means of relevant learning activities. This paper tries to look at the feasibilities of integrating accuracy and fluency from different perspective by different scholars. Adapted from the source document Subject: Fluency (24910); Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Integrating Accuracy and Fluency in Communicating Language Teaching Correspondence author: Karunakaran, T   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 176-181 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500846 ProQuest document ID: 1650526456 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526456?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Humanizing English Textbooks Evaluation at the Higher Secondary Level in Pakistan Author: Shah, Kazim; Majeed, Rashda; ul Waheed, Salman; Anjum, Muhammad Asif Ikram Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 481-499. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526701?accountid=50982 Abstract: Textbook plays an important role in the second language classroom. It occupies a central position in language teaching to teach every feature such as grammar, reading, listening, speaking and writing present in any prescribed language course. Textbooks are an essential element of language programs and are used to provide systematic lesson plans, content and guidelines both for the learners and teachers. There are many issues regarding textbooks such as the design of textbooks, suitability, practicality, innovational role of textbooks, presentation of language skills, etc. All these aspects are important in any well designed language textbook and these should be considered very important to judge textbooks on the basis of their ability to improve language skills. The present study is aimed at examining how very effective textbooks are in promoting learning and teaching English at higher secondary level in Pakistan. Textbooks are being evaluated through the use of the checklist criteria. In the present research study an effort is made to humanize textbooks evaluation by involving both learners and teachers. In this research both qualitative and quantitative methods of research were used. Responses of both learners and teachers were collected and analyzed. Finally it brings out as the finding, that textbooks in Pakistan at higher secondary level are not designed according to the needs and requirement of learners. Textbooks are helpful in passing exams and getting good marks through the cramming of the materials. There is no direct involvement of learners in improving the basic language skills like speaking, listening, reading, writing etc. Teachers also pointed out some drawbacks of textbooks and gave suggestions to improve them. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Attitudes (87840); Student Attitudes (84725); Motivation (55580); Language Textbooks (44300); Pakistan (62200); Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Humanizing English Textbooks Evaluation at the Higher Secondary Level in Pakistan Correspondence author: Shah, Kazim   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 481-499 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500867 ProQuest document ID: 1650526701 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526701?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Influence of Stress Pattern of Native Language on Non-Native Language: A Comparative Study between Tone and Non-Tone Language Speakers Author: Narasimhan, S V; Devi, Thingom Medamni; Roy, Kiran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 239-250. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526774?accountid=50982 Abstract: As there are only a handful of studies analyzing the effects of the stress pattern of native language on non-native language, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the stress pattern of native Manipuri (Tone language) speakers and native Hindi (non-tone language) speakers. 20 native Manipuri speakers who could speak Hindi (10 males and 10 females) and twenty native Hindi speakers (10 males and 10 females) in the age range of 20 - 23 years were made to say 10 Manipuri and 10 Hindi sentences (having adjective and noun combination) in two conditions; first with no stress and secondly, stressing the adjective. Manipuri speakers were asked to say the sentences which were in Manipuri and Hindi and the native Hindi speakers were asked to say the sentences only in Hindi. Recorded sentences were subjected to acoustical analysis. Tone Duration, Tone Height and Peak Amplitude were measured and S-ratios for these parameters were calculated. The results indicated that tone language speakers', produce stress by increasing the duration of the word or syllable and this pattern of stress in their native language influences the pattern of stress in their second language also. This suggests that, the stress patterns of native language have a major effect on the stress pattern of the other languages they speak. The obtained data will foster our understanding of the behavior of stress in bilingual speakers of native tone language and non-tone language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Stress (84550); Tone (90300); Hindi (31950); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Native Language (56390); Nonnative Speakers (58230); Bilingualism (08850) Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Influence of Stress Pattern of Native Language on Non-Native Language: A Comparative Study between Tone and Non-Tone Language Speakers Correspondence author: Narasimhan, S V   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 239-250 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500534 ProQuest document ID: 1650526774 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526774?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Status of Corpus Linguistics in India Author: Prasad, B A Mahalakshmi; Prema, K S; Prarthana, S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 8,  (August 2013): 182-194. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526809?accountid=50982 Abstract: Linguistic research has been a preoccupation of humans from times immemorial. Philosophers and scholars from various disciplines have expended considerable time and effort to understand the nature of language and language use to gain an insight into human nature. In the realm of linguistic research, the discipline of corpus linguistics has managed to attract the thoughts of linguists, computer scientists, teachers, speech language pathologists and people working in language technology. This paper, while mentioning primary assumptions of corpus linguistics, tries to highlight the need for establishing language corpora in a plurilingual context of India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Corpus Linguistics (15670); Language Pathology (43250); India (35100); Multilingualism (55650); Speech/Language Pathologists (83110); Linguistics (47900) Classification: 4616: discourse analysis/text linguistics; corpus linguistics Title: Status of Corpus Linguistics in India Correspondence author: Prasad, B A Mahalakshmi   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 8 Pages: 182-194 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500990 ProQuest document ID: 1650526809 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526809?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Does Cultural Knowledge Matter? Investigating the Effect of Cultural Knowledge on Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners Author: Rokni, Seyed Jalal Abdolmanafi1; Hajilari, Ali1 Golestan University, Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 87-100. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525776?accountid=50982 Abstract: As teaching culture is an important parameter in learning a foreign language, the present study aimed to explore the effect of cultural knowledge on reading comprehension of EFL learners. For this purpose, 60 EFL learners from three classes were randomly divided into three groups, a control group and two experimental groups. They were male and female pre-intermediate learners studying in an institute in Aliabad, northern Iran. The control group did not receive any special treatment, whereas one experimental group received texts of British culture (BC) and another experimental group received texts of Persian culture as well as British one (P-BC) for eight sessions. The data were analyzed via ANOVA. The findings indicated that the learners in the P-BC group outperformed the ones in the other two groups in the posttest. Further, the findings displayed that learners from the BC group did better than the ones in the control group. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Second Language Reading (75930); Reading Comprehension (70750); Cultural Factors (16500) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Does Cultural Knowledge Matter? Investigating the Effect of Cultural Knowledge on Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners Correspondence author: Rokni, Seyed Jalal Abdolmanafi   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 87-100 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500901 ProQuest document ID: 1650525776 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525776?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Discourse Markers in Written English Texts in a Multilingual Setting: A Comparative Study of High School English in the Schools of Assam Author: Chetia, Barnali Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 40-70. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525859?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study is an account of the use of discourse markers of English and the implications they have with respect to their function for cohesion, coherence and continuity of discourse in the written texts of the students studying in English medium, urban vernacular medium and rural vernacular medium schools of Assam. The study also includes certain sub-sections in order to have a detailed and comparative study of the discourse markers found in the written texts of the subjects under study. The study offers a view of the multilingual setting in Assam in which the teaching and learning of English takes place. It shows what roles the variables of a) Medium of instruction b) Gender c) Urban/rural difference play in the acquisition of discourse markers. The study is backed by a preliminary account of the educational policies proposed by educational organizations such as the NCERT and the more recent Multilingual Education (MLE) proposals of the UNESCO. The study is based on responses to questionnaire and cloze tests administered in the schools and on an examination of the written texts of the students. The data are analyzed using elementary statistics and conclusions drawn. The conclusions of the study bring out a detailed picture of the generalizations in the use of discourse markers amongst all the groups of students as well as variations in the levels of competence across the different groups. Adapted from the source document Subject: Discourse Markers (19230); Second Language Writing (76180); Cohesion (13200); Multilingualism (55650); Coherence (13180); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Sex Differences (77850); Language of Instruction (43180); India (35100) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: Discourse Markers in Written English Texts in a Multilingual Setting: A Comparative Study of High School English in the Schools of Assam Correspondence author: Chetia, Barnali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 40-70 Number of pages: 31 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500776 ProQuest document ID: 1650525859 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525859?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Doomed to Fail: The Fate of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Bangladesh Author: Biswas, Debasish; Ahmed, Nasir Uddin; Sarker, Sima Rani Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 111-123. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525931?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language teaching curriculum in the tertiary level has undergone several changes since Bangladesh became independent in 1971. The scale of these changes has of course been subject to the attitude of the political parties in power towards teaching-learning English. All governments since liberation have put considerable emphasis on teaching-learning English. Therefore, these changes are all well-meaning. The outcome of these changes, however, is difficult to measure. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Doomed to Fail: The Fate of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Biswas, Debasish   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 111-123 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500824 ProQuest document ID: 1650525931 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525931?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Significance of Translation Brought out through Bama's Karukku Author: Priya, R Jana Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 152-158. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526089?accountid=50982 Abstract: India is a multicultural and multilingual nation with many languages and traditions. Thus there is need to translate all sorts of written materials from one Indian language to another to bring about understanding and mutual appreciation among the varied groups of people in India. Even as Indian writers writing in Indian languages focus on their group's identity, traditions, beliefs and day to day life, they also do not ignore the cultural diversity and unity that exist among Indians. Their use of linguistic dialects brings out the uniqueness of the group and characters. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Literary Translation (49150); Novels (59800); Tamil (87650); Cultural Factors (16500); English (21900) Classification: 5715: poetics/literary theory; literary translation Title: The Significance of Translation Brought out through Bama's Karukku Correspondence author: Priya, R Jana   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 152-158 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501322 ProQuest document ID: 1650526089 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526089?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Phenomenological Study of EFL Students' Perceptions of Vocabulary Notebooks as a Vocabulary Learning Strategy Author: Dang, Tri Hoang Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 437-447. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526204?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study was designed to explore Vietnamese EFL learners' perceptions and lived experiences of using vocabulary notebooks. The data collection was gained from in-depth interviewing with ten randomly selected high school senior students coming from three schools located in Ho Chi Minh City. The findings showed that the students revealed their understanding of the function as well as positive attitudes towards vocabulary notebooks. It is also suggested from the study that the students need to receive more extensive and frequent training in the use of vocabulary notebook, format selection, and notebook organization in order to maximize their vocabulary learning. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Learning Strategies (46000); Vocabulary Learning (94855); Student Attitudes (84725); High School Students (31700); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Phenomenological Study of EFL Students' Perceptions of Vocabulary Notebooks as a Vocabulary Learning Strategy Correspondence author: Dang, Tri Hoang   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 437-447 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Languageof publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500829 ProQuest document ID: 1650526204 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526204?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Status of Meiteilon among the Tibeto-Burman Languages Author: Singh, Irom Robindro Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 320-332. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526324?accountid=50982 Abstract: Meiteilon, popularly known as Manipuri by the natives, is the most developed language among the Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in the Northeastern India. It has its own status, i.e., written as well as spoken. Various scholars including missionaries studied Meiteilon for many years. Still there are many aspects that need to be discussed. This article focuses on the development, status and relationships of Meiteilon with other Tibeto-Burman languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Language Status (43920) Classification: 5116: descriptive linguistics; language area studies Title: The Status of Meiteilon among the Tibeto-Burman Languages Correspondence author: Singh, Irom Robindro   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 320-332 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501086 ProQuest document ID: 1650526324 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526324?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Reflective Practice in Stimulating Professional Growth of English Department Lecturers of Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia Author: Widya, Caterine P11 Universitas Brawijaya, East Java Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 481-488. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526376?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses a study to find out more about reflective teaching practices among teachers in tertiary level. The research investigates the awareness and application of reflective practices by the English Department lecturer(s) of Universitas Brawijaya. In addition, the variables of gender, experience and level of education are discussed in relation to reflective teaching. The questionnaires were distributed to 15 lecturers in FIB UB. The participant in this study consisted of 3 male and 12 female English Department lecturers of Universitas Brawijaya (n=15). 4 of the participants are holder S1 degrees and the other 11 lecturers have the S2 and S3 degree. The participants experience in teaching ranges between 1-15 years in ELT. The Result shows that gender, experience and level of education do not play a role in teacher's reflection. The paper ends with the recommendation to develop the position of reflective practice in language teaching. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Indonesia (35500); Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Reflective Practice in Stimulating Professional Growth of English Department Lecturers of Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia Correspondence author: Widya, Caterine P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 481-488 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500877 ProQuest document ID: 1650526376 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526376?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Comparison of the Learning Effectiveness on the Teaching of Reading Comprehension Author: Emaliana, Ive11 University of Brawijaya, Indonesia Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 124-145. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526396?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a teaching technique in reading comprehension on students' achievement in English course at university level. The main purposes of the study were to examine the difference between the freshmen's academic achievement in reading comprehension taught by a new teaching technique and by conventional one, and to examine which teaching technique was more effective to improve the students' reading comprehension achievement. This research adopted a quasi-experimental, non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Major and minor instruments were administered to students of faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science at Brawijaya University, one of famous universities in Indonesia. The collected data were arranged into table and analyzed by using T-test. The analyzed data were interpreted into findings of the study, and conclusions were drawn from these findings. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the students' reading comprehension achievement. In conclusion, the new teaching technique was more effective than the conventional one. Adapted from the source document Subject: Reading Comprehension (70750); Reading Achievement (70600); Teaching Methods (88150); Reading Instruction (70950); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Reading (75930); Second Language Reading Instruction (75950); Higher Education (31750); Indonesia (35500) Classification: 4117: applied linguistics; reading instruction and remediation Title: Comparison of the Learning Effectiveness on the Teaching of Reading Comprehension Correspondence author: Emaliana, Ive   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 124-145 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500687 ProQuest document ID: 1650526396 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526396?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Male Chauvinistic Language - A Tool for Suppressing Women Author: Selvan, Saravana Saravana; Suguna, R Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 419-423. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526420?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is the thread that connects a person's thoughts and ideas with other person's in the form of communication. It is the backbone for communication. Communication turns out to be effective when language acts as a best platform in carrying the thoughts of the speaker and conveying it aptly to the listener in a comprehensive and lucid manner. In this case, language speaks a person's thoughts and ideas, which, when successfully reaches the other person, builds in a kind of sociable relationship between them. Hence, such a sociable relationship is parallel to the communication tendency which leads its way to one's language usage. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communication (13600); Sexism (77900); Language Usage (44600); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Male Chauvinistic Language - A Tool for Suppressing Women Correspondence author: Selvan, Saravana Saravana   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 419-423 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501233 ProQuest document ID: 1650526420 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526420?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Preliminary Study of Gay Spoken Language in Ho Chi Minh City Author: Dang, Tri Hoang Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 448-467. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526483?accountid=50982 Abstract: Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to social factors which include gender, social class, age, ethnic origin, and so on (Coupland & Jaworski, 1997; Wolfson, 1989; Richards, Platt & Platt, 1997). It can be said that one of the sociolinguistic areas, for the past decades, which has attracted various studies by researchers, linguists, educators is language and gender. In fact, there is various research that has been carried out on heterosexual or men's and women's language, especially differences in their speech (Wolfson, 1989, p. 162). Adapted from the source document Subject: Sociolinguistics (80200); Social Factors (79910); Oral Language (61300); Vietnam (94100); Sex and Sexuality (77840) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Preliminary Study of Gay Spoken Language in Ho Chi Minh City Correspondence author: Dang, Tri Hoang   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 448-467 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501208 ProQuest document ID: 1650526483 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526483?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Sociolinguistic Study of Kharam Author: Singh, Kh Dutta Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 172-184. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526567?accountid=50982 Abstract: Kharam is one of the Government recognized scheduled tribes of Manipur having its distinct language, custom and ethnic identity. Kharam is the name of the language and the community that speak the language. The term Kharam itself is a compound word kha means 'south' and ram means 'land' or 'place' which literally means 'Southland'. The Kharam is mainly spoken in Tuisemphai, Laikot Kharam, Laikot Phaijol, Purum Likli, Kharam Thadoi, Tampak Kharam, New Keithel Manbi and Kharam Khullen villages in the Senapati district of Manipur. The total number of Kharam speakers in Manipur is 1000 according to Tribal Research Institute, Manipur. Interestingly, the Kharam is absent in any classification of Tibeto-Burman languages made by Grierson (1903), Benedict (1972), Shafer (1974), Matisoff (2000, 2003), Bradley (1994) and Burling (2003). In fact, the Kharam language is closely related to Purum, Kom, Koireng and Chothe. The present paper is an attempt to explore 'A Sociolinguistic Study of Kharam'. Adapted from the source document Subject: Sociolinguistics (80200); Speech Communities (82410); India (35100) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Sociolinguistic Study of Kharam Correspondence author: Singh, Kh Dutta   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 172-184 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501237 ProQuest document ID: 1650526567 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526567?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Of Speaking, Writing, and Developing Writing Skills in English Author: Choudhury, Anindya Syam Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 27-32. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526703?accountid=50982 Abstract: Of the four core language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, writing is obviously the most difficult skill for second and foreign language learners to master. The main reason for this difficulty is the fact that writing is a very complex process which involves both creating and organizing ideas and translating them into cohesive texts which are readable. However, in the English classrooms in India, this skill is generally taken for granted with little or no focus on the complex process of writing. This article takes up this issue, beginning with a few introductory remarks on the teaching of English language skills in the Indian context, and then moving on to a discussion about the differences between speech and writing before proposing a five-step procedure for the development of writing skills in English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Writing (76180); Second Language Writing Instruction (76185); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Writing Acquisition (98570) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Of Speaking, Writing, and Developing Writing Skills in English Correspondence author: Choudhury, Anindya Syam   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 27-32 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500745 ProQuest document ID: 1650526703 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526703?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ New Insights on the Cultural Politics of English Studies: Agenda beyond the Traditional Canon in the Second Language Curriculum Development Author: Mangalaprathaban, M Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 225-228. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526749?accountid=50982 Abstract: The firm establishment of English Studies dates back to Macaulay's Minute recommending English education for the future bureaucrats of the British regime and its cultural imperialism being rendered to its literary and cultural artifacts. The Imperialist Ideology exists within the cultural subjects of the so-called Commonwealth even today, as we still celebrate the need to analyse and interpret the traditional canon without much critical examination of their ideology and agenda in most of our classrooms. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Curriculum Planning (16780); Political Factors (66453); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: New Insights on the Cultural Politics of English Studies: Agenda beyond the Traditional Canon in the Second Language Curriculum Development Correspondence author: Mangalaprathaban, M   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 225-228 Number of pages: 4 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500848 ProQuest document ID: 1650526749 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526749?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Paucity of L2 Learning Strategies among Preliterate Learners - A Case Study Author: Sirigiri, Meenakshi Barad Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 9,  (September 2013): 241-250. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526797?accountid=50982 Abstract: Studies have demonstrated the importance of literacy in the first language for students' full development of proficiency in the language of instruction and subsequent academic success. (Collier, 1992; Hakuta, 1986; Snow, 1990). Furthermore, studies have consistently indicated that academic and linguistic skills transfer to the second language, even in the case of languages with dissimilar writing systems (Au, 1993; Cummins, 1991; Ovando & Collier, 1998). Learners who are preliterate can vary widely in their experience of literacy, and these different experiences may influence their approach to language and literacy learning. This paper examines the strategic disadvantage of preliterate learners with special focus on one such group, the 'Patkar' learners. Firstly the main advantages of learners' L1 literacy are presented. Selected studies on the effect of L1 literacy on L2 learning provide insights into aspects of transfer. Finally the situation of learners from one such preliterate community, the Patkar community is discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: Literacy (48550); Transfer (Learning) (90850); Illiteracy (34358); Second Language Learning (75850); Learning Strategies (46000); Language Proficiency (43570) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: A Paucity of L2 Learning Strategies among Preliterate Learners - A Case Study Correspondence author: Sirigiri, Meenakshi Barad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 241-250 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500638 ProQuest document ID: 1650526797 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526797?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Acquisition of English Language Fluency of Intensive Course Students at Buraydah Community College: Challenges and Recommendations Author: Alsamani, Abdulaziz Saleh; ul Hassan, Sardar Fayyaz Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 112-152. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285700?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research study focuses at the Acquisition of English Language Fluency of Intensive Course Students at Buraydah Community College. For this purpose two sets of questionnaire have been designed for achieving the data to investigate challenges and after analysing it in the light of students' questionnaire (SQA), and a teachers' questionnaire (TQA), the researchers have made certain recommendations to overcome the challenges. This study shows strong intention of the students about problematic aspects of English language fluency which need to be addressed seriously. This research study also provides basis for further research in this area. Adapted from the source document Subject: Surveys (86000); Fluency (24910); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); College Students (13250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Acquisition of English Language Fluency of Intensive Course Students at Buraydah Community College: Challenges and Recommendations Correspondence author: Alsamani, Abdulaziz Saleh   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 112-152 Number of pages: 41 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415277 ProQuest document ID: 1622285700 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285700?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effect of Using the Instructional Games on Iranian EFL Learners' Vocabulary Achievement and Their Retention Author: Jafari, Davoud1; Madani, Davoud; Maghsoudi, Mojtaba1 Islamic Azad University, Khomein Science and Research Branch Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 234-252. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285815?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study was an attempt to compare the impact of learning vocabulary items through instructional games vs. traditional method on vocabulary improvement and retention in Iranian EFL students. The subjects were assigned to two homogeneous groups. The control group received (traditional method) and the experimental group was exposed to games (playing on words) as a treatment. Before starting the treatment 3 equal standard tests of 40 multiple-choice items of vocabulary were prepared as pretest, posttest and delayed posttest. In the first session the pretest was administered to determine if there were any significant differences between the two groups. It was revealed that the two groups were homogeneous. After the end of the treatment, the subjects of both groups took the post test and after two weeks they took the delayed posttest. The results of the paired t-test showed that the participants in both groups performed better after both types of instruction. In order to compare the effectiveness of the two approaches an independents samples t-test was conducted. The results of the t-test showed that, although the performance of the students in both groups increased after the instruction, the instructional games approach was more successful in long term vocabulary retention that the traditional approach. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Vocabulary Instruction (94850); Vocabulary Learning (94855); Educational Activities (20910); Playing (66110) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Effect of Using the Instructional Games on Iranian EFL Learners' Vocabulary Achievement and Their Retention Correspondence author: Jafari, Davoud   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 234-252 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415312 ProQuest document ID: 1622285815 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285815?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Proficiency of the Global Engineer: A Time To Redesign Author: Lakshmi, G VS Ananta Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 59-70. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285866?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language got multifaceted usage which changes with times. In today's global world different kinds of jobs with varied aims and objectives, are demanding diversified language skills from the aspirants. With this backdrop, the course structure of different courses, needs to be designed with innovative pedagogical framework, which should necessarily cater to the needs of the learners. This paper deals with the qualities of global engineers and the current status of language in the engineering courses with a special focus on the student's mindset towards improvement of language proficiency. It is highlighted here that 'To meet the expectations of the industry, learner should strengthen the employability skills.' Finally, this study highlights the reforms required in the engineering education and stresses that 'the success and future of global engineer is dependent on their communicative competence.' Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Proficiency (43570); Language for Special Purposes (42550); Communicative Competence (13650); Globalization (28120); Occupations (60200) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Language Proficiency of the Global Engineer: A Time To Redesign Correspondence author: Lakshmi, G VS Ananta   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 59-70 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal A rticle Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415260 ProQuest document ID: 1622285866 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285866?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Interaction between People's Learned Language and Their Habitual Thinking Patterns Author: Madani, Davood1; Kayedian, Mahsa; Mohammadi, Fatemeh Aziz1 Islamic Azad University, Khomein Branch, Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 270-278. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285881?accountid=50982 Abstract: The power of language to reflect culture and influence thinking was first proposed by an American linguist and anthropologist, Edward Sapir (1884-1939) and his student Benjamin Whorf (1897-1941). The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis stated that the way we think and view the world is determined by our language Instances of cultural language differences evidenced in that some languages had specific words or cultural patterns whereas other languages used several words to represented a specific concept. Or they used totally different cultural patterns to the same occasion. In this study researcher to obtain the influence of learning new language to habitual thinking patterns of learners' mother tongue developed a Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT). To assess the linguistics relativity hypothesis (LRH) on foreign language learners, concerning that the language a speaker uses influence the way the speaker thinks. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cognitive Processes (12950); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Cultural Differences (16400); Linguistic Relativity (47650); Second Language Learning (75850); Language Tests (44250); Language Thought Relationship (44410) Classification: 4914: anthropological linguistics; language and culture Title: The Interaction between People's Learned Language and Their Habitual Thinking Patterns Correspondence author: Madani, Davood   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 270-278 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415556 ProQuest document ID: 1622285881 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285881?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Indian English: A Progressive Propeller Author: Arockiam, M Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 76-85. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285903?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is, indeed, no exaggeration to state that English has acquired the status of 'the language of the twenty-first century.' Moreover, it is the most important language that will be keenly studied and researched globally. Hence, this article makes an attempt to assess the global significance of learning English while acknowledging the contribution of the great pioneers of Indian English such as Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao and R. K. Narayan. Finally, the author makes an appeal to the learned to teach English to their children and others from an early stage, as it is the language of the emerging generation. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as an International Language (22200); Globalization (28120); Indian English (35150) Classification: 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages Title: Indian English: A Progressive Propeller Correspondence author: Arockiam, M   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 76-85 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415658 ProQuest document ID: 1622285903 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285903?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of Iranian EFL Students' Language Proficiency: Is University Type Influential? Author: Asadolah, Bahareh Karbalaee1; Rajabi, Peyman; Maghsoudi, Mojtaba1 Khomein Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 153-172. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285993?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative study of Iranian EFL students' language proficiency at BA level in Isfahan Universities namely Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan, Sheikhbahaee University, and Payam-e Noor university of Baharestan. To this aim, two English Tests were administered to 105 participants including Agricultural Engineering, Management, Law, and Psychology students who had already passed their General English courses. The data collected through the tests were analyzed using SPSS. The result of the data derived from the tests revealed that there was no significant difference between language proficiency of students' at different universities. Furthermore, the students mostly scored low on the English tests which revealed that the objectives of the General English programs were not fully achieved. Adapted from the source document Subject: College Students (13250); English Proficiency (22335); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Iran (38300); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study of Iranian EFL Students' Language Proficiency: Is University Type Influential? Correspondence author: Asadolah, Bahareh Karbalaee   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 153-172 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Jour nals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415279 ProQuest document ID: 1622285993 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285993?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Influences of Age on Vietnamese Learners' Second Language Acquisition of English Auxiliary Structures Author: Lai, Ho Thi Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 223-233. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286011?accountid=50982 Abstract: Investigating the influences of age on the acquisition of English auxiliary structures by Vietnamese in-service students of non-English majors at Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, this study partly looks at the question whether the success of second language acquisition, particularly the target language proficiency, is subject to the learner's age, and if so, to which extent. The findings show that the learner's length of exposure to the second language is a strong predictor for auxiliary performance and his/her second language proficiency will not decrease with increasing age. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Age Effects (01152); Age of Acquisition (01154); English Proficiency (22335); Second Language Learning (75850); Vietnamese (94150); College Students (13250) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Influences of Age on Vietnamese Learners' Second Language Acquisition of English Auxiliary Structures Correspondence author: Lai, Ho Thi   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 223-233 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415372 ProQuest document ID: 1622286011 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286011?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems in Speaking English with L2 Learners of Rural Area Schools of Pakistan Author: Bilal, Hafiz Ahmad; Rehman, Abdur; Rashid, Ch Abdul; Adnan, Rana; Abbas, Muneer Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 425-437. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286015?accountid=50982 Abstract: L1 (Punjabi) is used as a mode of communication in most of the rural areas schools in Punjab. The students face a lot of problems in speaking English as L2. This study would investigate the problems (fears/hindrances) in using L2 as a speaking tool. The questionnaire as a tool for data collection has been used. The data has been analysed statistically and graphically. The population consists of the students of SSC and HSSC level from age group of 12 to 18 years. Sample of 30 male and female students belonging to rural areas of Sargodha has been selected randomly. This paper may also help the researchers who intend to investigate the same issue. Adapted from the source document Subject: Students (84750); Rural Areas (74335); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Panjabi (62500); Student Attitudes (84725); Anxiety (03350); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language (22100) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Problems in Speaking English with L2 Learners of Rural Area Schools of Pakistan Correspondence author: Bilal, Hafiz Ahmad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 425-437 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415366 ProQuest document ID: 1622286015 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286015?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Simple Strategies for Effective Teaching of English at the Under-Graduate Level in Rural Andhra Pradesh, India Author: Rajendran, S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 407-418. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286166?accountid=50982 Abstract: Learning English language is highly needed for knowledge, employment and uplift of social status. Students in rural Andhra Pradesh join the degree college without the basic proficiency in English and leave the college without acquiring the communication skills to use in day to day affairs. The current state of methodology followed in teaching English is to be blamed. To teach required skills of English by making the learning interesting, simple strategies are suggested which include motivating the students by the teachers by adopting motivational strategies. Reading programmes are to be conducted for enhancing the communication skills. Increased use of humour in English class enlivens the students and the group discussions are initiated for the overall improvement of student's English language skills. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Higher Education (31750); India (35100); Motivation (55580); Humor (32950); Reading Processes (71150); Second Language Reading Instruction (75950) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Simple Strategies for Effective Teaching of English at the Under-Graduate Level in Rural Andhra Pradesh, India Correspondence author: Rajendran, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 407-418 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415338 ProQuest document ID: 1622286166 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286166?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative Language Teaching in Bangladesh: Is It an Applicable Method in ESL/EFL Context? Author: Farhad, Mariam Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 10,  (October 2013): 287-293. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286301?accountid=50982 Abstract: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) as a modern method was first proposed in England in the 1970s. The core concept in CLT is 'communicative competence,' a term Hymes (1971) used to refer to one's ability to use language in a social context. The framework for communicative competence proposed by Canale and Swain (1980), later modified by Canale (1983), is considered the most influential definition of communicative competence for language teaching (Savignon, 2002). Their framework for communicative competence includes three components: grammatical competence, socio linguistic competence, and strategic competence. Canale (1983) later added discourse competence as a fourth component of communicative competence. Savignon (1983, 1997, and 2002) proposes that a classroom model of communicative competence should include these four components and maintains that they are interrelated so that they can neither be developed nor measured separately: 'One cannot go from one component to the other as when stringing beads on a necklace. Rather, when an increase occurs in one area, that component interacts with other components to produce a corresponding increase in overall communicative competence (p. 8).' Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communicative Competence (13650); Bangladesh (07450); Linguistic Competence (47400) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communicative Language Teaching in Bangladesh: Is It an Applicable Method in ESL/EFL Context? Correspondence author: Farhad, Mariam   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 287-293 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415302 ProQuest document ID: 1622286301 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286301?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Review of Essentials of Language Author: Thirumalai, M S (Review of: Mangayarkarasi, J; Devi, V Anitha) Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 297-299. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285462?accountid=50982 Abstract: None available. Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Supplemental data: Edition date: 2013 Title: Review of Essentials of Language Correspondence author: Thirumalai, M S (Review of: Mangayarkarasi, J   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 297-299 Number of pages: 3 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Book Review Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201416041 ProQuest document ID: 1622285462 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285462?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing the Task-based Strategies Syllabus to Enhance Communicative English Ability of Burmese Migrant Students Author: Angela, M Htang Dim Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 123-145. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285531?accountid=50982 Abstract: Task-based language teaching and learning (TBLT) is evolution of the communicative language approach. It is regarded as emphasizing meaningful communication not only with the primary goal of, but also the means to, language learning. Meanwhile, learning strategies are tools and thoughts that individuals use to accomplish a communicative task in language learning. Those skills and knowledge enable learners to assist in completing communicative tasks confidently, flexibly, and independently, leading to autonomous learning. This article explores the impact of task-based language learning incorporated with learning strategies to acquire English language in an academic setting in Chiang Mai, Thailand. This study investigated the effectiveness of the task-based strategies syllabus to enhance the communicative English ability of students. It also examined autonomous learning behaviors. The findings showed that the students' communicative English ability significantly increased in the following areas, achievement test, presentation, debate, classroom tasks, and teacher reflection. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Learning Strategies (46000); Migrants (54030); Thailand (89250) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Developing the Task-based Strategies Syllabus to Enhance Communicative English Ability of Burmese Migrant Students Correspondence author: Angela, M Htang Dim   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 123-145 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415278 ProQuest document ID: 1622285531 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285531?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Spoken Grammar Isn't Broken Grammar: A Case for Teaching Spoken Grammar in ESL/EFL Contexts Author: Choudhury, Anindya Syam Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 146-157. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285574?accountid=50982 Abstract: Spoken language has almost always been neglected by grammatical tradition until the advent in the 1990s of large and varied spoken English corpora which have not only given us a peep into the nature and characteristics of forms which occur primarily in the spoken form of the language but also forced us to reconsider the way we look at language pedagogy, especially grammar pedagogy. This article takes up the issue of spoken grammar, beginning with a few introductory remarks on the different ways in which spoken grammar is perceived before moving on to a discussion about the salient features of spoken grammar driving home the fact that there is a systematicity in their occurrence. At the end, the article questions the idea that spoken grammar is wholly distinctive and tries to see the so-called unique features of spoken grammar as part of a speech-writing continuum before concluding with some pedagogical tips for teaching those features of grammar of English which are either restricted to speech or are primarily present in it. Adapted from the source document Subject: Oral Language (61300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Grammar Instruction (28550); Fillers (24220); Conversation (15600) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Spoken Grammar Isn't Broken Grammar: A Case for Teaching Spoken Grammar in ESL/EFL Contexts Correspondence author: Choudhury, Anindya Syam   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 146-157 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415286 ProQuest document ID: 1622285574 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285574?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Affixation in Liangmai Author: Daimai, Guichamlung Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 286-296. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285596?accountid=50982 Abstract: Liangmai belongs to the mongoloid group of race and speak the Tibeto-Burman languages. Liangmai language is one of the 33 languages recognized by the government of Manipur. Liangmai spoken by around 34,000 is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tamenglong District of Manipur and parts of Nagaland. The language belongs to the Kuki-Chin-Naga sub-group of the Tibeto-Burman family (Grierson 1903). However, Burling 2003 grouped it under Zeme group along with Zeme and Rongmei. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Affixes (00750) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Affixation in Liangmai Correspondence author: Daimai, Guichamlung   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 286-296 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415562 ProQuest document ID: 1622285596 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285596?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Identifying an Unknown Language Jatav in and around Shahjahanpur Area, Uttar Pradesh, India Author: Khan, Mohd Imran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 232-254. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285617?accountid=50982 Abstract: Identification of any unknown language is not an easy work to do. There are many linguistic and extra linguistic features which need to be considered. One should have some knowledge of these features before going into the field to find out a language, especially a new language or for the identification of an unknown language. This study is an attempt to discuss why one should consider an identified language as a variety of any other language already identified or put it under the umbrella of one language which is out there. This paper is an attempt to identify a language which was earlier judged as a variety of the Hindi language. The identified unknown language shows its similarities with Braj Bhasha, not with Hindi language. Even though both languages come under the same language family, they are different in many ways. Adapted from the source document Subject: Unknown Languages (92900); Hindi (31950); India (35100); Language Classification (41900) Classification: 5411: language classification; genetic classification Title: Identifying an Unknown Language Jatav in and around Shahjahanpur Area, Uttar Pradesh, India Correspondence author: Khan, Mohd Imran   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 232-254 Number of pages: 23 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415754 ProQuest document ID: 1622285617 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285617?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of Gender Sensitivity between English and Bengali Author: Hassan, Khandoker Montasir; Alamgir, M Niaz Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 200-208. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285765?accountid=50982 Abstract: Sexism in English is a much condemned issue now-a-days. As English has established itself to be the international way of communication for political, business, educational, social correspondence all over the world, its multidimensional effect has shaped the spirit of speakers of other languages. The effect of various lexical elements of English language also provoked confusions in the mind of the non-native speakers of English language especially due to sexism. In Bangladesh, English has been taught for more than 50 years. Therefore, Bangladeshi learners and users of English frequently encounter many predicaments due to sexist components in English language as well as cultural differences between Bengali and English. This paper thus seeks to compare the sexist elements in both the languages to find out which language is more gender sensitive. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Bengali (08200); Sexism (77900); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Sociolinguistics (80200); Bangladesh (07450); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Cultural Differences (16400) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Comparative Study of Gender Sensitivity between English and Bengali Correspondence author: Hassan, Khandoker Montasir   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 200-208 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415806 ProQuest document ID: 1622285765 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285765?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Multimedia and language teaching: designing multimedia package Author: Mohanlal, Sam Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285830?accountid=50982 Abstract: Multimedia is the combination of the following five components/elements: (1) text, (2) art, (3) sound, (4) animation, and (5) video. If all the above five factors are appropriately linked, a multimedia package will become highly auto-instructional. The Main objective of this training programme is the maximum utility of modern technology. Adapted from the source document Subject: Multimedia (55660); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language Teaching Materials (43950); Language Teaching Methods (44100) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Multimedia and language teaching: designing multimedia package Correspondence author: Mohanlal, Sam   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 2014 15069 ProQuest document ID: 1622285830 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622285830?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Adaptation and Standardisation of Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test in Kannada (CLQT-K): Comparison between Monolinguals (Kannada) and Bilinguals (Kannada-English) Author: Vandana, V P; Shyamala, K C; Jahan, Shafna Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 360-451. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286149?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language and cognition are tightly connected. Language was declared to be a 'mental organ', but one governed by 'rules and representations' distinct from structures and processes of consciousness, memory and communicative needs (e.g. Chomsky 1986). Psycholinguistics studying the mechanisms of the so-called 'language faculty' and computational linguistics, attempting to formalize and implement aspects of it in machines quite literally, were the two most 'cognitive' approaches to language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Kannada (40400); Monolingualism (54850); Bilingualism (08850); Psycholinguistics (69200); English (21900); Language Thought Relationship (44410); Cognitive Linguistics (12900) Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Adaptation and Standardisation of Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test in Kannada (CLQT-K): Comparison between Monolinguals (Kannada) and Bilinguals (Kannada-English) Correspondence author: Vandana, V P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 360-451 Number of pages: 92 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415017 ProQuest document ID: 1622286149 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286149?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Methods of Improving Speaking Ability in English in L2 Classrooms: A Case Study Author: Gomathi, B S; Kiruthika, P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 209-215. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286194?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main focus of the study was to know English as a subject and as a language, the quality of the text books, opportunities of listening to good English with proper/correct pronunciation and to highlight that various exercises/activities, such as seminars, group discussions and debates, competitions, etc. were regularly being arranged or not. The study was descriptive in nature. In this study 20 female students were selected from four Government schools in Erode district, Tamilnadu, India, studying in the first year and second year of higher secondary classes through stratified random sampling procedure. The data was collected through a questionnaire having alternate items. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pronunciation Instruction (68560); Secondary School Students (76400); Secondary Education (76300); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Methods of Improving Speaking Ability in English in L2 Classrooms: A Case Study Correspondence author: Gomathi, B S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 209-215 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201415308 ProQuest document ID: 1622286194 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286194?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Concrete Nouns in Kannada: How Distinct Are Their Semantic Features? Author: Prarthana, S; Rao, Prema KS Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 11,  (November 2013): 300-315. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286223?accountid=50982 Abstract: Understanding the representation of meaning of words in the mental lexicon has received considerable attention in research studies on Psycholinguistics, Speech language sciences, Cognitive linguistics and Neurolinguistics. Studies carried out in this regard have used semantic features as a key to understand the underlying processes of storage and organization. The meaning of words, which in turn denote concepts are assumed to vary depending on their distinctive features as well as shared features. Distinctive features are those that are unique to a small set of concepts whereas the shared features are present in abundance. In the field of Speech Language Pathology semantic features have been targeted in therapy techniques to decrease the semantic deficits in persons with aphasia and semantic dementia. Owing to the significance of semantic features in our understanding of semantic processing, the present study was conducted to examine the nature of distribution of distinctive features of words in Kannada language. The study describes distinctive features generated for 60 concrete nouns of Kannada (30 living things; 30 non-living things) by 60 native adult speakers. The responses are analyzed using custom software and computer programs developed and written for this purpose. The results offer empirical evidence for the differences in the distribution of distinctive features of living and non-living things. Implications of the results for treatment of semantic deficits have been discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: Distinctive Features (19550); Semantic Features (76705); Kannada (40400); Nouns (59650); Semantic Dementia (76640); Semantic Processing (76760) Classification: 4014: psycholinguistics; semantic processing Title: Concrete Nouns in Kannada: How Distinct Are Their Semantic Features? Correspondence author: Prarthana, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Pages: 300-315 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Jo urnal Article Update: 2014-11-01 Accession number: 201414961 ProQuest document ID: 1622286223 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1622286223?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Vodcast as Instruction Material in Teaching Listening and Speaking Skills Author: Wahab, G Shaik Abdul; Ghafoor, Zaheer Abdul Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 372-379. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525865?accountid=50982 Abstract: Information Technology has already made its presence felt in the field of English language teaching and learning in India. Today many schools, colleges and other specialized institutions boast of possessing language laboratories and smart classrooms to enhance the teaching of English. In addition to that, personal computers, mobile phones, iPads, tablets and laptops have entered the remotest corners of the country with inbuilt software for learning English. In fact, teaching and learning of English, if desired, can come out of the confines of the classroom by using technology. This extension in the process of teaching and learning English has created immense opportunity to the learner to acquire the language in a manner which is more flexible and user friendly. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Listening (48400); Speech (82350); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Vodcast as Instruction Material in Teaching Listening and Speaking Skills Correspondence author: Wahab, G Shaik Abdul   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 372-379 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500876 ProQuest document ID: 1650525865 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525865?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bangladeshi Graduates' Required Language Skills and Acquired Proficiency in English: Professional Ability and Skill Attributes Author: Arifeen, M S; Yunus, Abu Sufian Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 12-26. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525895?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the proficiency in English of Bangladeshi graduates. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 171 students. This survey, through the use of a self-report questionnaire, provided an important opportunity to capture crucial data from students regarding their English language skills. Findings of this study revealed that the students' frequency or ability of using the English language was low, irrespective of the type of workplace or level of study. Analyses of skill deficiencies revealed wide learning gaps between the acquired and required English skill attributes. Analysis of the survey data had also identified a list of important skill attributes in the workplace, and the four most highly valued English skill attributes were a combination of academic and specific job-related tasks: understanding technical documents, correct grammar, vocabulary and sentence structure, writing test/investigation report and questioning for clarification. Adapted from the source document Subject: Surveys (86000); English Proficiency (22335); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Learning Outcomes (45940) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Bangladeshi Graduates' Required Language Skills and Acquired Proficiency in English: Professional Ability and Skill Attributes Correspondence author: Arifeen, M S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 12-26 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500882 ProQuest document ID: 1650525895 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525895?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Current Usage of Traditional Grammatical Rules of Tamil Language Author: Senkathirchelvan, P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 243-249. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525961?accountid=50982 Abstract: When referring to traditional grammatical rules of Tamil, Tolkappiam, the traditional Tamil grammatical text produced by the eminent grammarian Tolkappiar, which contributes to the development of studies on Tamil language and critical review of Tamil literature, strikes our thoughts. Most of the subsequent grammatical works were adaptations of Tolkappiam and they also introduced some new changes in compliance with later language developments. Grammar illustrates the language structure in terms of script, lexis and semantics. In a language, words signify the structural patterns and characteristics of language. The methodology adopted in this study involves documentary analysis. This study focuses on glide occurring in the process of sandhi and analyses its features. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tamil (87650); Grammatical Analysis (28700); History of Linguistics (32150); Phonological Analysis (64950); Sandhi (74700); Glides (28100) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Current Usage of Traditional Grammatical Rules of Tamil Language Correspondence author: Senkathirchelvan, P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 243-249 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500914 ProQuest document ID: 1650525961 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525961?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Segmental Overlap as a Function of Prime Duration in Simple and Complex Monosyllabic Word Naming in Speakers of English as Second Language Author: Uthappa, A G Varun; Shailat, Priyanka; Thomas, Jaslin Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 330-347. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526003?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study examines the effect of segmental overlap on naming monosyllabic words with distinct syllable complexities under a common priming paradigm with varying duration of prime presentation in second language speakers of English. 25 participants aged between 18 and 27 years are introduced to segmental primes (no overlap to complete overlap) presented across 100, 200 and 400 milliseconds prior to naming CVC and CCVCC monosyllabic words under a masked priming condition. The naming latencies are compared across segmental primes and duration to reveal certain variations in the nature and extent of facilitation for simple and complex words, which are interpreted on the basis of factors influencing primed word naming such as processing time and type. Adapted from the source document Subject: Naming (56135); Sound Duration (Phonetics) (80400); English as a Second Language (22100); Priming (67670); Speech Production (82780); Syllables (86500) Classification: 4030: psycholinguistics; speech production Title: Segmental Overlap as a Function of Prime Duration in Simple and Complex Monosyllabic Word Naming in Speakers of English as Second Language Correspondence author: Uthappa, A G Varun   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 330-347 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500544 ProQuest document ID: 1650526003 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526003?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Non-Verbal Communication: The Use of Chromatics in Toni Morrison's Novels Author: Samantaray, Swati Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 286-295. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526221?accountid=50982 Abstract: Nonverbal communication is an indispensable element of human behaviour. Chromatics or the use of colours is a vital aspect of nonverbal communication which is used as a predominant technique in Morrison's fictions. Language is a set of words/phrases and nonverbal cues with meaning behind them, and literature is the manipulation and use of those words or phrases and nonverbal cues. In literature, language is meticulously crafted. This paper analyses how language skills are harnessed to understand and interpret a work of literature. It co-relates nonverbal communication (most particularly chromatics) and literature, with special reference to Morrison's novels. Adapted from the source document Subject: Nonverbal Communication (58500); Literature (49250); Cues/Cueing (16330); Novels (59800); Literary Criticism (48700); Symbolism (86600) Classification: 5711: poetics/literary theory; literary criticism/theory Title: Non-Verbal Communication: The Use of Chromatics in Toni Morrison's Novels Correspondence author: Samantaray, Swati   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 286-295 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501286 ProQuest document ID: 1650526221 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526221?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Challenges for Female EFL Teachers in Career Making in Pakistan Author: Arif, Muhammad Shahbaz; Younas, Muhammad; Subhani, Ahmad; Ali, Abdul; Iqbal, Muhammad Kashif Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 360-371. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526236?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study investigates the barriers faced by female EFL teachers in their teaching career in Pakistan. From the population of female EFL teachers in Pakistan, a sample of fifty teachers was selected through convenience sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population which is close at hand and it includes people who are easy to reach. The data were collected through a questionnaire based on three-point rating scale. The Questionnaire was designed after reading a lot of literature on the topic concerned. The purpose and aim of devising this questionnaire was to investigate the challenges confronted by female EFL teachers in Pakistan. The questionnaire consisted of only five items because the nature of questions was comprehensive enough to serve the purpose. The results of the data collected through fifty questionnaires are shown through the graphs and tables. In the end, it was concluded that the absence of organizational justice and social disapproval and societal beliefs are the greatest challenges that the female EFL teachers face in Pakistan. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Females (24000); Pakistan (62200); Surveys (86000); Occupations (60200); Sexism (77900) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Challenges for Female EFL Teachers in Career Making in Pakistan Correspondence author: Arif, Muhammad Shahbaz   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 360-371 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500821 ProQuest document ID: 1650526236 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526236?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Loss of Cultural Element in Translation - A Comparative Study of Premchand's Original Story Kafan and Its Translations Author: Aslam, Zeinab Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 405-416. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526542?accountid=50982 Abstract: We come across different literary works and their translation every day. Translation acts as a bridge to access the hidden treasure of knowledge of the source language. Cultural elements of the source language like idioms, proverbs, etc., are identifying features which help the readers to imagine and understand the historical cultural setting of the literary text. Translation of a literary work is considered successful if the cultural elements which are intrinsic part of the source language are translated to the target language to recreate the same aura for the readers of the translated text, as thought by the author of the original text. In case translation of these cultural elements is overlooked by the translator, then its reader are devoid of the pleasure seeing the picture in its original hues and shades. This paper is an attempt to identify if these cultural elements found their due place in the two translations of Premchand's short story Kafan, which is the focus of the present study. The paper also tries to find if the readers of two different translations for the same literary text will be able to perceive the image created by the author of the original text. Adapted from the source document Subject: Literary Translation (49150); Idioms (34150); Proverbs (68865); Cultural Factors (16500); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 5715: poetics/literary theory; literary translation Title: Loss of Cultural Element in Translation - A Comparative Study of Premchand's Original Story Kafan and Its Translations Correspondence author: Aslam, Zeinab   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 405-416 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501309 ProQuest document ID: 1650526542 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526542?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Sociolinguistic Study of Social Stratification in Bangladesh and Its Impact on Academic Performance in English at Secondary Level Education Author: Rashid, Md Abdur11 Department of English BGC Trust University Bangladesh Chandanish, Chittagong Bangladesh ar.rashid20@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 157-211. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526590?accountid=50982 Abstract: The presence of social stratification in every society is an open secret issue. It has multidimensional effects on people's food habit, life style, expectation, and education etc. The purpose of this study is to find out a relationship between social stratification in Bangladesh and its impact on students' academic performance in English at secondary level education. In doing so an empirical study has been conducted. Data were collected from secondary level students and English teachers through questionnaire. The analysis of the data of this study seeks to show that students' academic performance in English co-relates with their social status, economic condition, family background and area of residence etc. As such varied performance of different groups of students is related to social stratification; hence finding out any single solution to this deep rooted issue is virtually impossible. However, to reduce the gaps among different groups of students some recommendations of experienced English teachers have been suggested in this dissertation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Secondary School Students (76400); Academic Achievement (00070); Bangladesh (07450); Sociolinguistics (80200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Sociolinguistic Study of Social Stratification in Bangladesh and Its Impact on Academic Performance in English at Secondary Level Education Correspondence author: Rashid, Md Abdur   Author e-mail address: ar.rashid20@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 157-211 Number of pages: 55 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501228 ProQuest document ID: 1650526590 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526590?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning Styles of Iranian EFL Male High School Seniors in Computer-Based and Traditional Face-to-Face Contexts Author: Moharrer, Zahra; Wong, Bee Eng Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 380-404. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526674?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Iranian education system has pursued the trend of using computers, especially at secondary school level, to help students cope with their learning problems independently. This study is an attempt to find out the different trends of learning style preferences among Iranian male high school seniors in two instructional formats, namely, computer-based and face-to-face learning. Willing's (1988) questionnaire was distributed among 236 students in the electronic distance education and traditional schools in Shiraz, Iran. The different types of language learners in this EFL context were investigated using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The findings indicated that learners in the computer-based context were largely not oriented adequately to learning English language through an interactive multimedia CD-ROM program independently. The findings also showed that although students in the traditional face-to-face context preferred the conventional classroom, they also showed communicative preference towards the opposite condition which is not prevalent in the Iranian traditional schools; in other words, they strongly preferred communication which was not highlighted in the school curriculum. Such findings have implications for the Iranian EFL classroom. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Males (50830); Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Classroom Communication (12250); Secondary School Students (76400); Iran (38300); Distance Learning (19530) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Learning Styles of Iranian EFL Male High School Seniors in Computer-Based and Traditional Face-to-Face Contexts Correspondence author: Moharrer, Zahra   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 380-404 Number of pages: 25 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500851 ProQuest document ID: 1650526674 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526674?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Ergativity in Axomiya Author: Saha, Atanu; Patgiri, Bipasha Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 35-46. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526675?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper surveys the principal generative syntactic assumptions that have been proposed for ergative construction and discusses the pattern of the ergative case marking in Assamese. For a language L which shows some mixed properties of ergativity and accusativity in a certain respect R, the language L is said to be split-ergative with respect to R (Comrie 1978, Dixon 1979, and DeLancey 1981). Unlike Dyirbal (which has been exemplified by Dixon's seminal work and has been considered a typical example of ergative language), where the pronouns are morphologically nominative-accusative when the agent is first or second person and ergative when the agent is a third person. And also unlike another Indo Aryan ergative language Hindi which shows TAM split (and no person based split), Assamese exhibits the opposite pattern with person based split and no TAM split for ergativity/agentivity. Adapted from the source document Subject: Case Marking (10810); Syntactic Analysis (86752); Indic Languages (35300) Classification: 4310: syntax; syntax Title: Ergativity in Axomiya Correspondence author: Saha, Atanu   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 35-46 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500939 ProQuest document ID: 1650526675 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526675?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching Speaking Skill at the UG Level - Problems and Prospects Author: Verma, Anjali Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 7-11. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526709?accountid=50982 Abstract: While learning a language, being able to express what we want to say can be one of the most rewarding achievements of all language skills. Speaking has become the essential skill of real life in the present day global market. Students have their own purposes and hopes for learning English in India. This skill raises the self esteem of a student and helps in getting proper employment. Therefore, the focus has shifted to acquiring speaking skill for qualification at UG level. However, there is a significant lack of material available to help teachers to develop their learners' skills in this important area. Many classrooms all over the world continue to be teacher centred and Mumbai colleges are no exception. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Competence (13650); Higher Education (31750); Oral Language (61300); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching Speaking Skill at the UG Level - Problems and Prospects Correspondence author: Verma, Anjali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 7-11 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Jour nal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500874 ProQuest document ID: 1650526709 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526709?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Analysis of the Inadequacy of Teachers' Competency Leading to Mass Failure in the Subject of English in Pakistan Author: Arif, Muhammad Shahbaz; Qasim, Shahla Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 250-262. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526730?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study deals with the analysis of various aspects of English teachers' competency leading to mass failure in the subject of English at secondary level in Pakistan. This is a descriptive study. A comprehensive questionnaire was designed to look into the competency of English teachers. The empirical data were collected from one hundred students and forty teachers, selected randomly from twenty eight public and private secondary schools of the four districts Attock, Chakwal, Jehlum and Rawalpindi, of Rawalpindi division. The data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 13.0 and the problematic issues were identified such as the inadequacy of professional skill of teachers, the lack of communicative competence and the tragedy of their being unaware of the modern pedagogical approaches. The present study has potential practical utility to provide a guideline to the English language teachers, policy makers, curriculum designers, educationists and students. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Analysis of the Inadequacy of Teachers' Competency Leading to Mass Failure in the Subject of English in Pakistan Correspondence author: Arif, Muhammad Shahbaz   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 250-262 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: Eng lish Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500820 ProQuest document ID: 1650526730 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526730?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Collaborative Learning: An Antidote for Unheard Voices in Language Classrooms Author: Menon, S Usha; Alamelu, C Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 13, Iss. 12,  (December 2013): 323-329. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526780?accountid=50982 Abstract: Classrooms anywhere in the world are made up of groups of students who differ from one another in their intellectual, physical and emotional constitution. These result in disparity in learning styles and learning speeds, leading to heterogeneous classrooms comprising mixed ability students with variations in motivation and comprehension levels. This is reflected in the poor performance by slow learners leading to a general feeling among them that their voices, though feeble, are most often unheard. This universal phenomenon poses a variety of challenges on an everyday basis to teachers about how different learner needs can be met and also how the slow learners can be motivated to become participative, interactive and active learners. This issue of confronting mixed ability classes is approached from various angles by educators by using a variety of educational methods and approaches to actualize improvement in students' achievements. One such productive method is Collaborative Learning (CL). Adapted from the source document Subject: Cooperative Learning (15642); Second Language Instruction (75700); Second Language Learning (75850); Motivation (55580); Academic Achievement (00070) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Collaborative Learning: An Antidote for Unheard Voices in Language Classrooms Correspondence author: Menon, S Usha   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 323-329 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2013 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500598 ProQuest document ID: 1650526780 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526780?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Examination of the Approaches Adopted by English Language Teachers in Teaching Composition Writing in Cape Coast Basic Schools, Ghana Author: Torto, Gertrude Afiba Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 117-138. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525790?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Chief Examiner's report for the Basic Education Certificate Examination English language paper has over the years reported on candidates poor demonstration of the mechanics of writing such as; grammatical errors, wrong tenses, wrongly spelt words and many other errors, which sadly leads to the poor performance of the English language paper by candidates. This study examines the approaches that English Language teachers in Cape Coast use when teaching composition writing to their upper primary pupils. Seventy-five teachers were selected out of the 213 upper primary teachers in the Metropolis. The instruments used for the data collection were questionnaire, interviews and observation guide. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Written Language Instruction (99200); Elementary Education (21500); Teaching Methods (88150); Ghana (28000) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: An Examination of the Approaches Adopted by English Language Teachers in Teaching Composition Writing in Cape Coast Basic Schools, Ghana Correspondence author: Torto, Gertrude Afiba   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 117-138 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500767 ProQuest document ID: 1650525790 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525790?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Science Fiction Movies as a Matrix for Teaching Grammatical and Lexical Items Author: Selvan, R Saravana; Sivakami, B Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 671-677. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525855?accountid=50982 Abstract: 'A picture is worth a thousand words' goes the adage. When a picture comes alive, it produces wonders. Movies with such wonderful quality provide a plethora of opportunities for teaching grammatical items and have also become one of the main concerns of the modern way of teaching. Among the various genres of movies, science fiction occupies an important place inside a classroom, on account of the fascinating nature of innovative ideas introduced through them. Adapted from the source document Subject: Films (24300); Visual Media (94550); Language Teaching Materials (43950); Second Language Instruction (75700) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Science Fiction Movies as a Matrix for Teaching Grammatical and Lexical Items Correspondence author: Selvan, R Saravana   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 671-677 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Jour nal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500611 ProQuest document ID: 1650525855 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525855?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Syllable in Mao Author: Meitei, Elangbam Manimohon Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 230-236. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525883?accountid=50982 Abstract: The speakers of Mao language is known as Mao. Mao villages are located in Senapati district of Manipur. The Language of the Mao is one of the Naga-Kuki groups of Tibeto-Burman language family. The present paper studies the syllabic structure of Mao language. The syllable has an important role in phonology as a constituent that represents significant groups of segments. In this language, there are three (3) types of syllables, i.e., monosyllabic, disyllabic and polysyllabic. The monosyllabic words are limited in number. But disyllabic and polysyllabic words are abundantly found. For example, kosa 'cat', piku 'comb', koso 'wing', kolakhe 'fox' semeki 'malaria' and utekatemei 'cultivators', etc. Generally open syllables are maximum in number than the closed syllable. Adapted from the source document Subject: Syllables (86500); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Phonological Analysis (64950) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Syllable in Mao Correspondence author: Meitei, Elangbam Manimohon   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 230-236 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500913 ProQuest document ID: 1650525883 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525883?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Comparative Analysis of Subject-Verb Agreement of Sindhi and English Author: Lashari, Mubarak Ali; Hafeez, Priyanka; Gopang, Illahi Bux Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 897-913. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526014?accountid=50982 Abstract: In this paper we present the subject-verb agreement of two different languages, namely, English and Sindhi. Sindhi is one of the most ancient languages of the Indus River Civilization, and English is also an ancient language, but not as ancient as Sindhi language. Both languages have different origins, history and cultural values. In this research work, the first thing which is discussed is the background of both languages like their origin, their history, and their different values, cultural and geographical importance. Afterwards the literature review is discussed. Verbs that show 'actions' they are used in both languages in different manner and, in various contexts. Then the comparison of verbs is carried out in order to understand the link and global uniformity in languages of the world. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indic Languages (35300); English (21900); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Agreement (Grammatical) (01230); Syntactic Analysis (86752) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Comparative Analysis of Subject-Verb Agreement of Sindhi and English Correspondence author: Lashari, Mubarak Ali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 897-913 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501057 ProQuest document ID: 1650526014 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526014?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Common Errors in the Basic Writing Skill with Reference to Native Speakers of Arabic Students in Collegiate Level Author: Elumalai, Kesavan Vadakalur; Jesudas, Roseline Nirmala Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 200-207. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526175?accountid=50982 Abstract: A number of studies have been examined in the field of English Productive Skills to pinpoint the common problems of students' writing skill. Writing is not only a mirror of one's thought but it contributes newness to established information (Weigle, 2002). Brooks and Grundy (1998) define writing as a tool to communicate ideas in a target language. Hyland (2003) considers writing as a visual print coherently knitted into structured language. The writing skill course focuses on switch from simple sentence writing to more complex and stylish explanation were prepared according to the direct quotations and in-text citation. In general, the writing skills courses are intended to provide students with the composition/essays and grammar/vocabulary skills .These skills were essential that to explore to the freshmen in the collegiate. Tarnopolsky (2005) advocated that academic writing is the most creative writing which needs critical thinking to develop ideas in the target language. Fujioka (2001) surveyed how Asian ESL students acquired academic writing skills. She found Asian students lack critical thinking rather than the lexical problems in writing. Another researcher Izzo (2001) also reported that Japanese students at university level lack organizational feature in their academic writing and these difficulties were due to their translating habit from Japanese to English language in their writing discourses (Hirose, 1998). Adapted from the source document Subject: Academic Writing (00072); College Students (13250); English (21900); Second Language Writing (76180); Arabic (03750) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Common Errors in the Basic Writing Skill with Reference to Native Speakers of Arabic Students in Collegiate Level Correspondence author: Elumalai, Kesavan Vadakalur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 200-207 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500750 ProQuest document ID: 1650526175 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526175?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Inflectional Processes of Tense and Aspect in Bodo Author: Brahma, Daimalu Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 819-831. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526252?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Bodos are living in different parts of Assam for centuries. They speak a language called Bodo that belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family of languages and it is one of the Associate state languages in Assam. It is a recognized language in the 8th Schedule of Indian constitution. Tense and Aspects are the grammatical categories, used in the grammatical description of verbs. Tense refers to the absolute location of event or action in time, e.g., past, present or future. And aspect refers to how an action or event is to be viewed with respect to time; it expresses actual location in time. The present paper is an attempt to look into the inflectional processes of the tense and aspect of Bodo. The paper will discuss the use of various types of Tense and Aspect markers found in Bodo. Bodo uses mainly three type of tenses, viz., Past, Present and Future. Past and future have separate tense markers, but present tense has no separate tense marker in this language. The past tense marker is (-m(turned m)n) and the future is (-g(turned m)n). The present tense is used in the verbs as unmarked. There are four types of aspects found in this language, namely, Habitual, Progressive, Perfective and Perfect. The inflectional processes are 'verb + aspect', 'verb + aspect + tense', 'verb + tense' and 'noun + tense', etc. It is hoped that this analysis of tense and aspect in Bodo will help us in understanding tense and aspect in Bodo. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tense (88500); Verbs (93900); Aspect (Grammatical) (05100); Inflection (Morphology) (35850); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Grammatical Categories (28750) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Inflectional Processes of Tense and Aspect in Bodo Correspondence author: Brahma, Daimalu   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 819-831 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501025 ProQuest document ID: 1650526252 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526252?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Resolution of Lexical Ambiguity in Tamil Author: Rajendran, S Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 271-291. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526379?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is burdened with ambiguity; a single utterance can have a number of interpretations or meanings. The native speakers who speak a natural language have an implicit knowledge or competence to understand correctly these ambiguous utterances. They are capable of assigning an interpretation to any of the utterances they generate. They not only assign an interpretation to every utterance in their language, but also know that there are utterances that may have more than one semantic interpretation. These utterances are usually referred to as ambiguous utterances. When an utterance has more than one interpretation, it is usually referred to as ambiguous. Ambiguity means that utterances have same form but have different interpretations. Ambiguity may result from two homonyms/homographs occurring in the same structural position, as in the following example. Adapted from the source document Subject: Ambiguity (01950); Homonyms (32450); Word Meaning (97700); Homographs (32350); Lexical Semantics (46770); Tamil (87650) Classification: 4414: semantics; lexical semantics Title: Resolution of Lexical Ambiguity in Tamil Correspondence author: Rajendran, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 271-291 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500966 ProQuest document ID: 1650526379 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526379?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Parsing Noun Inflections: Tamil Author: Kingston, P T; Samuel, Samikkanu Jabamoney a/l Ishak Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 208-219. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526404?accountid=50982 Abstract: 'Parsing is an important process of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computational Linguistics which is used to understand the noun inflections of a natural language (NL) sentences confined to the grammar. Parser is a computational system which processes input sentence according to the productions of the grammar, and builds one or more constituent structures which conform to the grammar' (Selvam et al., 2009). Grammar based structural parsing provides solutions to some extent but it is very tedious for larger vocabulary corpus. This paper focuses noun inflections parsing of natural language text in Tamil language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Parsing (62850); Nouns (59650); Inflection (Morphology) (35850); Natural Language Processing (56550); Tamil (87650); Corpus Linguistics (15670); Computational Linguistics (14100) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Parsing Noun Inflections: Tamil Correspondence author: Kingston, P T   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 208-219 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501073 ProQuest document ID: 1650526404 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526404?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Writing Problems among the Tertiary Level Students in Bangladesh: A Study in Chittagong Region Author: Mustaque, Shakila Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 327-391. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526512?accountid=50982 Abstract: In Bangladeshi educational institutions, L2 writers are found to encounter various writing problems. The circumference of this problem does not confine to the secondary and the higher secondary level. It reaches up to the tertiary level. But at this stage of learning students are generally expected to produce high standard writing. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); Second Language Writing (76180); Writing Disorders (98650); College Students (13250); Written Language Instruction (99200); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Writing Problems among the Tertiary Level Students in Bangladesh: A Study in Chittagong Region Correspondence author: Mustaque, Shakila   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 327-391 Number of pages: 65 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500757 ProQuest document ID: 1650526512 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526512?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Case Markers in Tiwa Language: A Brief Study Author: Muchahary, Laheram Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 220-229. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526531?accountid=50982 Abstract: Case is an important category of grammar. It is an inflected form of noun and pronoun which is used to show the relationship among different words used in a sentence. The present paper investigates the case marker in Tiwa language spoken in Assam. In this language, case is realized by the addition of case ending used as post positions. Therefore, they are called postpositional phrases. Postpositional phrases are made up of a noun phrase followed by post position. Adapted from the source document Subject: Case (10700); Phrases (65600); Inflection (Morphology) (35850); Sino Tibetan Languages (79100) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Case Markers in Tiwa Language: A Brief Study Correspondence author: Muchahary, Laheram   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 220-229 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501031 ProQuest document ID: 1650526531 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526531?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Emergence of Expressive Grammatical Morphology Following Discrete Trial Training & Incidental Teaching: A Case Study Author: Treasa, Maria Grace; Chengappa, Shyamala K Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 843-854. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526573?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language impairment is a major characteristic feature seen in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and those diagnosed with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). More specifically, deficits in expressive grammatical morphology have been increasingly reported in the past literature (Condouris, Meyer, & Tager-Flusberg, 2003; Rapin & Dunn, 2003; Kjelgaard & Tager-Flusberg, 2001, Eigsti, Benetto & Dadlani, 2007; Bedore, 2001; Rice & Wexler, 1996; vander Lely & Ullman, 2001; Eadie, Fey, Douglas & Parsons, 2002). A few studies have also been reported in the Indian context in the field of ASD (Shyamala, 2004; Shafna & Shyamala, 2011; Treasa & Shyamala, 2013c) and SLI (Prasitha & Prema, 2007; Treasa & Shyamala, 2013b). However, there is a dearth of Indian studies on language intervention in child language disorders. Adapted from the source document Subject: Specific Language Impairment (82200); Autism (06800); Language Impairment (42700); Morphology (55500); Children (11850) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Emergence of Expressive Grammatical Morphology Following Discrete Trial Training & Incidental Teaching: A Case Study Correspondence author: Treasa, Maria Grace   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 843-854 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501386 ProQuest document ID: 1650526573 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526573?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Critical Period Hypothesis Author: Alghizzi, Talal Musaed Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 1,  (January 2014): 15-22. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526813?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the Critical Period Hypothesis, which is a significant hypothesis regarding the acquisition of language because it is believed to play an important role in the success, effectiveness, and probably completion of the acquisition of any language, whether nonhuman or human. Adapted from the source document Subject: Critical Period Hypothesis (16220); Language Acquisition (41600); Native Language Acquisition (56394); Second Language Learning (75850); Second Language Learning Theories (75860) Classification: 4015: psycholinguistics; child language acquisition Title: Critical Period Hypothesis Correspondence author: Alghizzi, Talal Musaed   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 15-22 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500454 ProQuest document ID: 1650526813 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526813?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Acquisition of the Non-generic Uses of English Definite Article by the Adult ESL Learners Author: Sinha, Tara Shankar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 2,  (February 2014): 224-245. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525777?accountid=50982 Abstract: The non-generic use of the English Definite article the can be divided into four major categories: structural, textual, situational and cultural. This study aims to determine whether these uses pose different levels of challenges for the adult ESL learners and whether they are acquired at the same time. This study also focuses on whether learners' performance in various non-generic uses of the English definite article the improves with context support. The study is conducted with a group of adult learners having attended the Certificate of Proficiency (COP) course at The English and Foreign Languages University, India. Two types of tasks were used for data collection: a) a set of 24 isolated sentences and b) a paragraph with blanks. The data analysis reveals that the four non-generic uses pose varied levels of challenge for the adult ESL learners and there exists a natural order of acquisition. The issues related to this order of acquisition are discussed in the study. Besides, the pedagogical implications of the study, which include instructional sequence, task selection and strategies for the various uses of English definite article are discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Articles (04550); English (21900); Language Usage (44600); Adults (00600); Order of Acquisition (61480) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Acquisition of the Non-generic Uses of English Definite Article by the Adult ESL Learners Correspondence author: Sinha, Tara Shankar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 224-245 Number of pages: 22 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500905 ProQuest document ID: 1650525777 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525777?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Contrastive Analysis of Negation in Language and Its Implications for Mwaghavul and English Author: Patrick, Judith Makse; Ojo, Nanbam Yuwana; Sui, Mingcai; Didam, Banenat Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 2,  (February 2014): 92-118. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526215?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper is an endeavor to contribute to the field of contrastive analysis of Mwaghavul-English languages. It compares negation in language of the two languages in contact at the syntactic and lexical verb levels. The focus of the paper is restricted to the six personal pronouns in the sentence context presented in English and Mwaghavul in the present simple, simple past and future simple negative tenses. Adapted from the source document Subject: Negation (56700); Contrastive Analysis (15570); English (21900); Pronouns (68400); Tense (88500); Comparative Linguistics (13850); Afroasiatic Languages (01100) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: A Contrastive Analysis of Negation in Language and Its Implications for Mwaghavul and English Correspondence author: Patrick, Judith Makse   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 92-118 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: Englis h Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501062 ProQuest document ID: 1650526215 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526215?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Tense System of the Mech (Bodo) Language of North Bengal Author: Muchahary, Rujab Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 2,  (February 2014): 157-161. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526220?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Bodos of North Bengal are known as Mech under the record of Government of West Bengal. Racially they belong to Mongoloid stock and linguistically to the Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. Their concentration is found throughout the districts of Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling, some parts of Cooach Behar of West Bengal. They have been maintaining their culture and language from the time immemorial. Tense is a type of grammatical category which indicates situation of time i.e. past, present and future. It is closely related to action of verb. Morphologically, this language has three distinct tenses, viz., past, present and future. The tense markers are normally suffixes. The main objective of this paper is to find out the different types of tense, as well as case markers used by the Mech people of North Bengal. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tense (88500); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Suffixes (85500); Grammatical Analysis (28700) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Tense System of the Mech (Bodo) Language of North Bengal Correspondence author: Muchahary, Rujab   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 157-161 Number of pages: 5 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501032 ProQuest document ID: 1650526220 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526220?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Cognitive Linguistics and EFL Author: Hassoon, Nadia Hameed11 University of Babylon/College of Arts Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 2,  (February 2014): 52-69. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526332?accountid=50982 Abstract: Described in its literal meaning, the term linguistics can simply be applied and defined as the scientific study of language. This involves the different ways and dimensions through the help of which the use of language as sound and as well as language is used in relation to the terms that comprise the crux of a language, the pronunciations of the words that are commonly used in a language and the dialects that are applied in the language (Bergen and Zinken, 2008). At the same time the science also highlights and studies the cultural contexts and influences that develop on a certain language over the passage of time and the ways through which a language undergoes the different stages of evolution at different phases of time. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cognitive Linguistics (12900); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4012: psycholinguistics; language and cognition/cognitive linguistics Title: Cognitive Linguistics and EFL Correspondence author: Hassoon, Nadia Hameed   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 52-69 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500439 ProQuest document ID: 1650526332 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526332?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Challenges and Possibilities of Implementing English as an International Language (EIL) Curriculum in Pakistan Author: Ali, Zahra Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 2,  (February 2014): 264-278. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526343?accountid=50982 Abstract: The sociolinguistic complexity of English today is an undeniable reality, because it is an - and arguably - the international language. This status ascribed to English is a result of the growing number of countries granting a special role to English, either by making it an official language of the country or by fostering its growth as an additional language. Graddol (2006) estimated that 'nearly 80% of today's communication in English takes place between bi-/ multilingual speakers of English', meaning that the so-called 'inner circle native speakers' of English have more than likely become 'the minority' (Bloch & Starks, 1999; Graddol, 1999; Jenkins, 2009; McKay, 2003). This complexity is further enhanced by the characterization of today's communicative exchanges by 'variation in linguistic and cultural behaviour' (Xu, 2002) as this language is being used as a 'vehicle for users of English to project their cultural identities and to express their cultural conceptualisations' (Sharifian, 2011) to those outside their local environment. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as an International Language (22200); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Curriculum Planning (16780); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Challenges and Possibilities of Implementing English as an International Language (EIL) Curriculum in Pakistan Correspondence author: Ali, Zahra   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 264-278 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500817 ProQuest document ID: 1650526343 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526343?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Being Humourous: A Privilege for the English Language Teachers Author: Vijay, G Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 2,  (February 2014): 257-263. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526449?accountid=50982 Abstract: Humourous sense is much adored, appreciated and demanded by everyone. People who are blessed with humorous sense not only can live a better life but also can bring a pleasant life in others. Teachers who have this potential will definitely be liked by all the students and the possibility of fulfilling the objectives of the syllabus or curriculum becomes more feasible. Being humourous is a charismatic attitude that every student welcomes with a happy face and handsome applause. Always being strict with focused instruction never installs hope among the learners and it may end-up with dejection and deprivation towards learning. Learning is an outcome of teaching. When teaching fails to serve its purpose, learning will never take place. When humour is blended with teaching, a delicious recipe can be made out of the syllabus or else the subjects will appear boring. English teachers are much privileged as they could bring variety of emotions in the classroom by telling jokes, stories, and conducting games unlike the science teachers who are supposed to confine themselves to the stipulated content and the methodology. This paper establishes the fact that teachers of the English language are bestowed with a special right of using joy and humour in the classroom to teach the target lessons. The paper also elucidates how congenial atmosphere can be created in the classroom to draw full attention of the students, using fun and humour. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Humor (32950); Classroom Communication (12250); Student Attitudes (84725) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Being Humourous: A Privilege for the English Language Teachers Correspondence author: Vijay, G   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 257-263 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Jou rnal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500875 ProQuest document ID: 1650526449 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526449?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Multiple Choice Questions in Assessing Syntactic Aspects of Language with Reference to Tamil Author: Shakunthala, R Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 2,  (February 2014): 279-289. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526629?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to find out the role played by the Multiple Choice Questions in assessment of Syntactic Aspects of language with reference to Tamil. The text focuses on the two aspects, viz., syntactic aspects, i.e., constituent elements and their characteristics, and the description about multiple choice questions along with the strategies for assessing syntactic aspects. It suggests a prospective model as to how the language aspects with reference to syntax could be assessed. They are illustrated by citing examples from Tamil. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Tests (44250); Syntax (86800); Tamil (87650); Questions (69930) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: The Role of Multiple Choice Questions in Assessing Syntactic Aspects of Language with Reference to Tamil Correspondence author: Shakunthala, R   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 279-289 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500645 ProQuest document ID: 1650526629 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526629?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Impact of Gender of People's Learned Language on Their Mother Tongue Habitual Thinking Patterns Author: Madani, Davood1; Mohammadi, Fatemeh Aziz; Kayedian, Mahsa1 Islamic Azad University, Khomein Branch, Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 223-232. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525868?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study is intended to investigate the impact of gender of peoples' learned language on their mother tongue habitual thinking patterns. To reveal the link between gender and frequency use of the new habitual thinking patterns of new language on their mother tongue habitual thought, 80 (40 male, 40 female) Iranian students of universities were selected randomly. The data was gathered through Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT) and background questionnaires. Then the data was analyzed through Two-Way ANOVA to find whether the habitual thinking patterns of Iranian female students of English, Arabic and Turkish languages are more influenced by their majors of study in comparison to the influence of these learned languages on the male learners. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cognitive Processes (12950); Sex Differences (77850); Cognitive Linguistics (12900); Native Language (56390); Arabic (03750); English (21900); Turkish (91900); Surveys (86000) Classification: 4012: psycholinguistics; language and cognition/cognitive linguistics Title: The Impact of Gender of People's Learned Language on Their Mother Tongue Habitual Thinking Patterns Correspondence author: Madani, Davood   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 223-232 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500441 ProQuest document ID: 1650525868 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525868?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Needs Analysis and Language Teaching Author: Khansir, Ali Akbar1; Pakdel, Farhad1 Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 1-20. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525876?accountid=50982 Abstract: Needs analysis is one of the major topics in the field of language acquisition research. Analysis of language learners' needs is seen as the first step towards preparation of language course. Hakuta and Cancino (1977:294) stressed that 'language provides one of the most readily accessible windows into the nature of the human mind. How children acquire this complex system with such apparent ease continues to fascinate the student of human language.' Needs analysis is seen as a device for gathering information about learners and about their needs in language teaching. This paper attempts to describe the use of needs analysis in language teaching and points out the distinction between objective needs analysis and subjective needs analysis. Richards and Rodgers (1986:156) argued that 'need analysis is concerned with identifying general and specific language needs that can be addressed in developing goals, objectives, and content in a language program'. Hutchinson and Waters (1987) mentioned that learners' needs should be considered in the process of planning the content of a language program. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Instruction (75700); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Needs Analysis and Language Teaching Correspondence author: Khansir, Ali Akbar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-20 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500590 ProQuest document ID: 1650525876 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525876?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Consonantal System of the North-Central Dialect of Bodo Author: Swargiary, Nilut Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 282-301. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525906?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bodo is known as Bodo or Boro. Bodo is one of the major tribes of North-East India and they are of Mongoloid origin. Linguistically the Bodo language belongs to Bodo-Naga sub-group of Tibeto-Burman groups of Sino-Tibetan language family. The North-Central Dialect of Bodo is mainly spoken in Odalguri District as well as the eastern parts of Baksa District and the western part of Sonitpur District of Assam. This dialect is also known as Sanzari dialect. According to 2011 Census of India, the total speakers of this Dialect amount to 342,686 persons. Area of the district is 1852.16km. Total population of the district is 832,769, according to 2011 census. As per data, twenty-two consonantal phonemes i.e. / p, b, t, d, k, g, ph, bh, th, dh, kh, gh, m, n, (eng), s, z, h, l, r, w, y, / are found in this dialect. The proposed study will give the Consonantal Analysis of North-Central Dialect of Bodo with respect to phonology in the light of modern linguistic structure of this dialect. Adapted from the source document Subject: Regional Dialects (72100); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Consonants (14900); Phonological Analysis (64950); Phonemes (64600) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Consonantal System of the North-Central Dialect of Bodo Correspondence author: Swargiary, Nilut   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 282-301 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500917 ProQuest document ID: 1650525906 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525906?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Malayalam WordNet Author: Rajendran, S; Soman, K P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 310-336. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525948?accountid=50982 Abstract: Work on Malayalam WordNet was initiated in Amrita Vishvavidya Peetam, Coimbatore in December, 2011 as a part of the project entitled 'Development of Dravidian WordNet: An Integrated WordNet for Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam', funded by Department of Information Technology, MCIT, Govt. of India. The main objective of the project is to build WordNets for Dravidian languages by making use of the already built Hindi WordNet under the project scheme IndowordNet. Hindi WordNet has been built based on Princeton English WordNet which is a component of EuroWordNet. The main objective of EuroWordNet is to develop an extensive and high quality of multilingual database with WordNets for several languages (mainly European Languages such as French, German, Czech, Italian, etc.) in a cost-effective manner. On similar line, IndoWordNet is being built for Indian languages. Malayalam WordNet is a component of Dravidian WordNet which in turn is the component of IndoWordNet. Malayalam WordNet is an online lexical database. It is useful for many applications of Natural Language Processing. Adapted from the source document Subject: Malayalam (50770); Natural Language Processing (56550); Computational Linguistics (14100); Databases (17400); Hindi (31950); Kannada (40400); Telugu (88320) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Malayalam WordNet Correspondence author: Rajendran, S   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 310-336 Number of pages: 27 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501074 ProQuest document ID: 1650525948 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525948?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Adpositions: Function Marking in Human Languages Author: Jadhav, Arvind Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 59-71. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525971?accountid=50982 Abstract: None available. Classification: 4710: theory of linguistics; linguistics pedagogy, philosophy, and theory Supplemental data: Edition date: 2010 Title: Adpositions: Function Marking in Human Languages Correspondence author: Jadhav, Arvind   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 59-71 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISBN: 9780199575008 ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Book Review Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501465 ProQuest document ID: 1650525971 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650525971?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language Education in India - A Journey from Imperialism to Decolonization Author: Mishra, Santosh Kumar; Pathak, Naveen Kumar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 266-274. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526070?accountid=50982 Abstract: For various purposes the colonial rulers of India introduced English in India. While English was very important for them to run the colony, English proved to be a boon for Indians as it gave them the opportunity to know about the world and new ideals evolving around the globe. This gave Indians the courage to challenge the empire on the same principles of democracy, equality and universal brotherhood which the masters had been preaching for long. In addition, English education also created social awareness which enabled various sections of Indian society to fight for their rights from the domination of upper castes. The present paper is an attempt to show the misuse of English in India by the Empire to fulfill its imperialistic ambitions and its decolonization in the post Independent India. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); United Kingdom (92700); Sociolinguistics (80200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Colonialism (13410) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: English Language Education in India - A Journey from Imperialism to Decolonization Correspondence author: Mishra, Santosh Kumar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 266-274 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501260 ProQuest document ID: 1650526070 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526070?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Arabic Origins of 'Divine and Theological Terms' in English and European Languages: A Lexical Root Theory Approach Author: Jassem, Zaidan Ali Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 154-195. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526163?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper examines the Arabic cognates or origins of divine and theological words in English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit from a lexical root theory perspective. The data consists of 255 terms like abbey, alms, bishop, deity, Deus, divine, faith, belief, bead, creed, church, ecclesiastic, synagogue, God, Gospel, holy, Holy See, prayer, Unitarianism, catholic, oath, omen, orthodox, Methodist, Presbyterian, religion, salvation, saviour, Scripture, Testament, worship, Zeus, and so on. The results indicate that all such words have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings. Their different forms, however, are all found to be due to natural and plausible causes and different courses of linguistic change. Adapted from the source document Subject: Arabic (03750); English (21900); Lexicology (46900); European Languages (23360); Etymology (23250); Religious Language (72790); Word Meaning (97700); Cognates (12800) Classification: 5215: lexicography/lexicology; etymology Title: The Arabic Origins of 'Divine and Theological Terms' in English and European Languages: A Lexical Root Theory Approach Correspondence author: Jassem, Zaidan Ali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 154-195 Number of pages: 42 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501146 ProQuest document ID: 1650526163 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526163?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological Make-up of Portuguese Loanwords Incorporated into Urdu Author: Khan, Mohsin Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 240-248. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526192?accountid=50982 Abstract: A language influences another language in different ways. Ruler's language may influence the languages of ruled and vice-versa. The languages of the external traders and preachers may influence the local languages. Thus, we can say that when two or more cultures or languages come into contact, they are bound to influence each other in various ways, i.e., whenever there is a cultural contact of any form, there is also a linguistic contact. Borrowing is one of the outcomes of this contact and when borrowing takes place, some changes in phonological contents of the original words seem to be usual. Urdu has borrowed many words from the western cultures and languages because of the western colonization in India and Portuguese is one of them. Urdu has many loan words, which have been borrowed from Portuguese with some phonological modifications. To be more specific, the present paper shows in detail, how lexical items, when borrowed from an alien-language into a native language (in the case of Portuguese and Urdu respectively), undergo many phonological changes and are restructured according to the morphological patterns of a borrowing language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Borrowing (09300); Phonological Analysis (64950); Portuguese (66800); Hindi (31950); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Cultural Factors (16500); Language Contact (42100); Lexicon (47150) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Phonological Make-up of Portuguese Loanwords Incorporated into Urdu Correspondence author: Khan, Mohsin   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 240-248 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501082 ProQuest document ID: 1650526192 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526192?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Changes and Challenges: Reviewing the Configuration of Technology, Global Trends and English Language Author: Sarita Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 358-365. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526392?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with some key global trends which may shape the demand for English in the future - from the invention of internet to the restructuring of social and cultural inequality; from globalization to the changing communication needs; from the global spread of English to decreased use of endangered languages; from industrial revolution to consumer culture. These trends interact in complex ways and may produce unexpected social and cultural outcomes. This paper attempts to explore the challenges that English language has to face in world communications, international business, and social and cultural affairs in an ever-changing world of technology. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Culture Relationship (42150); English as an International Language (22200); Business English (10120); Globalization (28120) Classification: 5118: descriptive linguistics; international languages Title: Changes and Challenges: Reviewing the Configuration of Technology, Global Trends and English Language Correspondence author: Sarita   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 358-365 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501103 ProQuest document ID: 1650526392 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526392?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Corpus in Persian Lexicography Author: Zare, Zahra; Balakumar, E Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 386-401. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526407?accountid=50982 Abstract: In linguistics studies, the corpus is a collection of written or oral texts that can be used as the base for analysis and description of language. With the help of corpus, we can study the phonetic, syntactic, social and other aspects of languages. Linguists emphasize the importance of language corpus in their researches. In this article, at first we discuss the resources and component elements of corpus including the written and oral resources of the corpus in Persian lexicons in the Indian subcontinent and cotemporary lexicons of Iran. A sample of the corpus in the following Dictionaries of Persian, viz., Dehkhoda, Moein and Sokhan lexicons and some examples of computer corpus of Persian language are also given. The non-electronic corpora created prior to computer era are reviewed. Electronic corpora are created with the help of computer which are easy to access for analysis. Adapted from the source document Subject: Corpus Linguistics (15670); Computerized Corpora (14380); Persian (63700); Lexicography (46800) Classification: 5210: lexicography/lexicology; lexicography Title: Corpus in Persian Lexicography Correspondence author: Zare, Zahra   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 386-401 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201501141 ProQuest document ID: 1650526407 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526407?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing Effective Telephoning Skills in the English Language Lab: Overcoming Challenges Author: Anitha, T; Nair, Nirmala Rita Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 21-36. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526733?accountid=50982 Abstract: Talking on the telephone needs special skills such as communication skills and soft skills and hence requires extra effort due to lack of visual cues. Many people assume that they have adequate telephone skills, whereas, in fact, a number of difficulties can arise when telephoning. This paper focuses on how a learner can answer the telephone effectively while responding to a variety of situations by improving telephoning language. It highlights the use of appropriate telephoning phrases to improve confidence when telephoning. It looks at how relevant and suitable vocabulary, for example, idioms and phrases, needs to be used in a variety of situations. It also sheds light on the importance of telephone etiquette since being courteous and helpful since will make a positive difference to the interaction. Finally, the paper provides appropriate telephoning techniques, practice exercises and suggestions for role plays and live situations to improve specific telephoning skills for use in the English Language Lab. Adapted from the source document Subject: Telephone (88280); Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Developing Effective Telephoning Skills in the English Language Lab: Overcoming Challenges Correspondence author: Anitha, T   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 21-36 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500819 ProQuest document ID: 1650526733 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526733?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language: A Mirror or a Mirage? Author: Hasan, Nazia Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 3,  (March 2014): 275-281. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526789?accountid=50982 Abstract: When Robert Young as the editor of Untying the Text: A Post-Structuralist Reader refers to Jacques Lacan, Derrida, and Michael Foucault in the Introduction of the book, he argues that these are the names of problems and not the authors of doctrines (1981: 02)! Very few can be so candidly revealing about the new canons of our present world when 'firing the canon' makes the best intellectual indulgence! But this accusatory finger towards Derrida and his group does point to the suspicion of a particular group of people. People, who believe that language has been robbed of its crowning glory, the marvelous and splendid wealth of profundity - and beauty that it used to possess and boast of in the good old days... Today that fortified entity called language has been tarnished and demolished to an elusive, meaningless structure. Adapted from the source document Subject: Theoretical Linguistics (89450); Language (41500) Classification: 4710: theory of linguistics; linguistics pedagogy, philosophy, and theory Title: Language: A Mirror or a Mirage? Correspondence author: Hasan, Nazia   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 275-281 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-02-01 Accession number: 201500998 ProQuest document ID: 1650526789 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1650526789?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Narrative Skills in Geriatrics Malayalam Speakers Author: Nebu, Aswathy E; Thomas, Deepa Elizabeth; Varghese, Jittu Susan; Kumaraswamy, Satish Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 4,  (April 2014): 131-138. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413871?accountid=50982 Abstract: Narrative analysis is a systematic procedure for the analysis of recording the naturally occurring talk produced in everyday human interaction. The study focused on analysis of narrative skills in geriatrics. It includes a total 15 geriatrics (8 males&7 females) of age 60-70 years with no history of speech and hearing problem, neurological problem and who spoke Malayalam as their native language. Narrative samples of familiar and unfamiliar tasks were taken and analyzed to study types of trouble sources such as phonological, morphological-syntactic, semantic, discourse and also repair strategies such as repetition, unrelated, elaboration, reduction and substitution along with the complexity and success of resolution like most successful, successful and unsuccessful and type token ratio using the systematic procedure. The result shows that there is no significant difference between the trouble sources and type of repair strategies in familiar and unfamiliar tasks, while the repair sequences value is and type of resolutions showed highly significant difference. The comparison of type token ratio for familiar and unfamiliar tasks revealed that there is a highly significant difference for both open and close class words. So as the age increases there will be deterioration in the communicative skills. Future research is required to study the narrative aspects across various groups of adults and geriatrics and can be used in children with language disorders. Adapted from the source document Subject: Narratives (56170); Repair (72920); Malayalam (50770); Hearing Disorders (31450); Communication Disorders (13625); Language Impairment (42700); Language Pathology (43250); Elderly (21350) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Narrative Skills in Geriatrics Malayalam Speakers Correspondence author: Nebu, Aswathy E   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 131-138 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201506069 ProQuest document ID: 1684413871 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413871?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological System of Medieval Manipuri Author: Singh, Takhellambam Debachand11 Manipur University Akham Mayai Leikai P. O. Lamsang Bazar Imphal-795146 Manipur India fictionatdev@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 4,  (April 2014): 56-68. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415063?accountid=50982 Abstract: Manipuri is one of the oldest languages of Tibeto-Burman Languages family, spoken in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India. Manipuri has a long history of its own of about 2000 years old history. Manipuri was written in its own script, Meetei Mayek. But it was replaced by Bengali script in the late 19th and early part of 20th century. Oldest record of the written document in Manipuri is traced back as early as 14th century. But during the reign of King Garibniwaz, most of the written documents were burnt down publicly. Then some of the oldest books in Manipuri were rewritten during his period. So while trying to study the historical reconstruction of Manipuri, we face a lot of problems. A few scholars already made attempt to study the history of Manipuri. Still nobody has written a comprehensive history of Manipuri. In this paper I have tried to study the phonological structure of Manipuri during the period of King Garibniwaz, so called medieval period in the history of Manipuri. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phonological Analysis (64950); Language History (42600); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800) Classification: 5123: descriptive linguistics; language history Title: Phonological System of Medieval Manipuri Correspondence author: Singh, Takhellambam Debachand   Author e-mail address: fictionatdev@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 56-68 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505709 ProQuest document ID: 1684415063 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415063?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Semantic Relations in 3.1-5 Years Old Typically Developing Konkani Speaking Children Author: D'Souza, Debora Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 4,  (April 2014): 69-81. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415524?accountid=50982 Abstract: Semantic relations are the common word combinations which represent a small group of meanings expressed in children's language. These semantic relations are telegraphic in nature. It is the indication of language development in typically developing children. The complexity of the language expression increases with increase in exposure to the language, and combination of three to four words to form sentences are noticed. Semantic development is continuous in coordination with the syntax development. The present study was determined to account the semantic relations in 3.1-5 years typically normal developing 18 Konkani speaking children. Two age groups were made to study the semantic relations in and across the two groups. The speech sample was obtained from conversation and monologue tasks. Results indicate that children until age 5, continue to use semantic relations, although the syntactic knowledge has emerged and is inadequately used in different situations such as (picture description and topic description). In conversation task, all the targeted semantic relations were present, attributing to environmental stimulation. The obtained data is useful for identifying, diagnosing and assessing the Konkani speaking children in west coastal region of India. Adapted from the source document Subject: Semantic Relations (76780); Children (11850); Conversation (15600); Semantic Processing (76760); Native Language Acquisition (56394); Indo Iranian Languages (35430) Classification: 4015: psycholinguistics; child language acquisition Title: Semantic Relations in 3.1-5 Years Old Typically Developing Konkani Speaking Children Correspondence author: D'Souza, Debora   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 69-81 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201504801 ProQuest document ID: 1684415524 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415524?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Brown's Morphological Skills in Typically Developing Bilingual (Malayalam-English) Speaking Children Author: Varghese, Jittu Susan; Thomas, Deepa Elizabeth; Nebu, Aswathy E; Sunny, Sofia V; Kumaraswamy, Satish Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 4,  (April 2014): 150-160. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415656?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is the core of an effective communicative process. The appearance and mastery of the 14 grammatical morphemes in relation to the stages of development was found in the Brown's research. Morphemes generally convey meanings that could only be implied through the simple word orders and they were mastered at various stages as the child's language developed. The present study was determined to account which morphological structures were achieved by 5-6 years Malayalam - English speaking children. A total of 30 typically developing children participated in the present study. The speech sample was obtained from conversation and picture description tasks. Results indicate that in picture description task out of 14 grammatical morphemes only six morphemes were present and for general conversation eight morphemes were present in 5-7 Years typically developing Malayalam-English bilingual children. Out of two tasks the children performed well in general conversation. The obtained data is useful for Speech- Language pathologists to understand typical English second language acquisition and how it differs from monolingual English in order to accurately assess and effectively identify potential language disorders as early as possible. Also the results can be used to compare with language disordered group. Adapted from the source document Subject: Morphemes (55350); Children (11850); Conversation (15600); Bilingualism (08850); Malayalam (50770); English (21900); Child Language (11800); Word Order (97800) Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Brown's Morphological Skills in Typically Developing Bilingual (Malayalam-English) Speaking Children Correspondence author: Varghese, Jittu Susan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 150-160 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201504857 ProQuest document ID: 1684415656 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415656?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Investigating the Need to Embrace Native English Speaking Culture to Enhance the ESL Experience as Expressed by Pakistani Learners Author: Akhtar, Sheraz Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 4,  (April 2014): 526-545. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415861?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language portrays the cultural values of the people who utilize it on daily basis, language and culture are inextricable, and thus learning a second language can require the learner to attain its cultural perspectives. This study endeavors to comprehend to what extent does the current Native English Speaking Culture (NESC) need to be included in the Pakistani English textbook? English textbooks can be one of the major and easily accessible sources for the Pakistani ESL (English as Second Language) learners to explore native English speaking culture. This study investigated how do ESL teachers in Pakistan explore the NESC in their classroom when Pakistani English and culture seems like getting firm grip in the classroom milieu. This study also probed; can the juxtaposition of local and NESC meet the need of Pakistani ESL experience? And, this study disseminated the voice of Pakistani ESL learners who urge to embrace current NESC with the amalgamation of rich Pakistani culture to meet their needs, and enhance their ESL experience. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Language Culture Relationship (42150); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Pakistan (62200); Cultural Instruction (16580); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); Language Textbooks (44300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Investigating the Need to Embrace Native English Speaking Culture to Enhance the ESL Experience as Expressed by Pakistani Learners Correspondence author: Akhtar, Sheraz   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Pages: 526-545 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505196 ProQuest document ID: 1684415861 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415861?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language and Identity with Special Reference to North-East India Author: Choudhury, Al Kafil; Saikia, Juri Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 108-114. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413584?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is 'the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way' (Oxford Concise Dictionary). Identity means 'the fact of being who or what a person or thing is' (Oxford Concise Dictionary). In this paper an attempt is made to explain how identity of different social groups in general and of North-East India in particular is associated with their linguistic aspects. Etere, the spoken form is under consideration as it differs in case of even speakers of the same language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Linguistic Identity (47470); Sociolinguistics (80200); Self Concept (76500); India (35100) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Language and Identity with Special Reference to North-East India Correspondence author: Choudhury, Al Kafil   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 108-114 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505828 ProQuest document ID: 1684413584 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684413584?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Use of Prefabricated Routines in Second Language Learning Author: Kezia, D Irish11 Department of English Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli 627012 Tamilnadu India irishkezia@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 147-155. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414377?accountid=50982 Abstract: Most of the second language learners struggle to communicate orally even though they are linguistically competent to a certain extent. If these students are asked to write, they will try something, but they feel embarrassed, get excited and filled with anxiety when they are asked to speak. They are not able to present their subject or general knowledge and feel alienated as they come into contact with English speakers. Even if the students have the knowledge of vocabulary and elements related to it, they struggle because of their lack of knowledge on how to start a sentence or phrase. Second language learners can come out of this problem and can communicate with the help of 'routines'. The dictionary meaning of the word routine is defined as 'an unvarying and constantly repeated formula, as of speech or action; convenient or predictable response.' Routines are also known as routine formulae, prefabricated routine, speech formulae, etc. These prefabricated routines can improve the creative aspect of learning. This creation plays a major role in the process of acquisition. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Learning (75850); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Formulaic Speech (25350); Communicative Competence (13650); Native Nonnative Speaker Communication (56420) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Use of Prefabricated Routines in Second Language Learning Correspondence author: Kezia, D Irish   Author e-mail address: irishkezia@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 147-155 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly J ournals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505284 ProQuest document ID: 1684414377 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414377?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Alternative Resources of Learning English Language in Second Language Speaking Countries Author: Emon, Ariful Insan11 Department of Languages IUBAT - International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 52-59. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414398?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is the most influential language all over the world now-a-days. Benefit of learning English is known to every educated and uneducated person of this modern world. In my research I try to bring out those elements which are already available in every one's individual life. Learning authentic English in a Second Language speaking country is not very easy. But on the other hand, there are so many opportunities also available too. In my research I locate those possible elements or the ways of learning English language. In research I find that these elements are very effective, communicative and easy for any English language learner. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Expressive Function of Language (23500) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Alternative Resources of Learning English Language in Second Language Speaking Countries Correspondence author: Emon, Ariful Insan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 52-59 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: Englis h Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505278 ProQuest document ID: 1684414398 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414398?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Personality Development with English Language Acquisition Author: Kaur, Jaspreet11 Graphic Era University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarkhand, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 115-122. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414735?accountid=50982 Abstract: Human beings have emerged as the most distinctive and brainy species of the world. Their organized patterns of attitudes and behavioral traits compose a good personality. Personality development has always played a very vital role in enhancing the thought process, temperament as well as the character of a person. Personality development and acquiring English language to improve one's communication skills go hand in hand. The present paper focuses on the necessity of acquiring a language like English to enhance one's personality. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. On the one hand, it is hypothesized that personality is a dominant factor in achieving the desired goal in life and on the other hand the paper focuses on the dominance of English language to attain a good personality. This paper has also emphasized the relationship between the acquisition of English language and a good personality. It has also tried to give a few strategies to make it possible for those who are seeking to have a good personality, to acquire a few tips to learn English language adding a feather to their cap of personality development. Adapted from the source document Subject: Personality (63850); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Language Attitudes (41800); Interpersonal Relationships (37750) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Personality Development with English Language Acquisition Correspondence author: Kaur, Jaspreet   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 115-122 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505282 ProQuest document ID: 1684414735 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414735?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Motivation in Teaching and Learning English as a Second Language at the Secondary Level Author: Sultana, Mosha Afroza Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 1-42. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414739?accountid=50982 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore a substantial literature on motivation in second language learning. This study aims to explore whether motivation can make the ESL classes more effective or not. This research was carried out to verify that here in Bangladesh; motivation can become an effective tool in teaching and learning English as a second language. Motivation is one of the characteristics of the Language learning and teaching and it is a helpful facilitator in the Language Learning process. It also aims to discuss the major theories of motivation and how teachers can influence learners' motivation. It also aims to explain how teachers can generate and maintain motivation in their teaching practices. In order to conduct this research I have interviewed some teachers and students of a private English Medium School & College and three teachers of a private University, Dhaka, Bangladesh and the results revealed that motivation is an effective factor in teaching and learning English as a second language at the secondary level in the context of Bangladesh. Adapted from the source document Subject: Motivation (55580); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Bangladesh (07450); Secondary School Students (76400); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Secondary Education (76300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Role of Motivation in Teaching and Learning English as a Second Language at the Secondary Level Correspondence author: Sultana, Mosha Afroza   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-42 Number of pages: 42 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505261 ProQuest document ID: 1684414739 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414739?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Error Analysis in English Written Essays of Undergraduate Students of Northeast Normal University Changchun Author: Patrick, Judith Makse; Yang, Zhong; Sui, Mingcai Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 123-146. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415660?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study carried out an error analysis on written essays of forty-nine (49) third year undergraduate students, offering their major courses in English in the school of foreign languages, Northeast Normal University Changchun with Chinese as their mother-tongue. The instrument for data collection was a narrative essay written by each participant in class. Errors were identified and classified under eleven categories of the grammatical aspect. Six of these errors which were 5% and above were rated as most common; and these included; verb-tense, word order, preposition, punctuation, omission and spelling. The study further highlighted the fact that mother -tongue has a high influence on errors identified from participants' essays. The exposure of these errors should be a point of reference and focus for teachers to guide the students. It would also be an opportunity to improve their methods of teaching; and educate students on more similarities and dissimilarities in grammatical rules of Chinese and English languages. These participants and others, studying in English as a second or foreign language; should have a high command on vocabulary and the respective rules of grammar to produce improved written essays irrespective of their areas of specialty in the university. Adapted from the source document Subject: College Students (13250); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Second Language Writing (76180); Word Order (97800); English as a Second Language (22100); Chinese (12100) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Error Analysis in English Written Essays of Undergraduate Students of Northeast Normal University Changchun Correspondence author: Patrick, Judith Makse   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 123-146 Number of pages: 24 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505076 ProQuest document ID: 1684415660 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415660?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Medium Education - The Need of the Day Author: Rao, B V L Narasimha11 S R S V R College of Education, Gandhinagar, Vijayawada 520003, Andhra Pradesh, India naasimharaobanda@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 192-202. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415737?accountid=50982 Abstract: Medium of instruction is the language used for academic communication in educational instructions in any region. Normally mother tongue is considered as the best medium for academic transactions for a variety of reasons. But several national and international happenings like colonization before World War II and internationalization of human interactions after 1980's opened a new window for discussion on medium of instruction policies, not only in India but also in many developing and developed countries. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language of Instruction (43180); India (35100); Language for Special Purposes (42550) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: English Medium Education - The Need of the Day Correspondence author: Rao, B V L Narasimha   Author e-mail address: naasimharaobanda@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 192-202 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505189 ProQuest document ID: 1684415737 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415737?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Using Role Play for Developing Speaking Skill in English among Engineering Students of Centurion University, Odisha Author: Lenka, Sanat Kumar Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 5,  (May 2014): 292-302. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415839?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims to develop the speaking skill using the role play technique among the engineering students who are not able to speak English confidently. This study tries to answer the research question: to what extent role-play is effective in developing the speaking skill in English of the engineering students? Language Learning is not just learning about languages, but to use the language correctly with confidence in daily life. Language learning based on tasks as a fundamental component in the classroom, provides better contexts for activating learner's learning processes and promoting second language learning. Role play is a technique in which students are presented with an artificial environment and they are exposed with different kinds of cases and problems they need to solve, persuade the same in form of roles. This study focuses on Roleplay as a teaching technique which serves as a multi-skill developing activity where the students not only develop fluency in communication but also broaden the horizon of understanding other's behavior resulting into empathy, team work, interpersonal skills and problem solving attitude. Adapted from the source document Subject: Role Playing (73715); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Higher Education (31750); Communicative Competence (13650); Question Answer Sequences (69920); Educational Activities (20910); Problem Solving (67850) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Using Role Play for Developing Speaking Skill in English among Engineering Students of Centurion University, Odisha Correspondence author: Lenka, Sanat Kumar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 5 Pages: 292-302 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505239 ProQuest document ID: 1684415839 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415839?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Insight into the Challenges in the Teaching and Learning of Spoken English in Indian Context Author: Zafar, Darakhshan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 531-542. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414632?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is taught as a second language in India. Due to its ever growing needs in everywhere in the world, it is given due importance in Indian universities also. The recent anti-English campaign in some parts of India has hardly affected its status, and the importance has not lessened in any way. However, the learning and teaching of English in the Indian classrooms need improvement. Teachers of English in India need further training and tools to improve their sincere efforts. Hence this paper highlights the challenges encountered by the teachers and learners in the teaching/learning of spoken English and also suggests some remedial measures to overcome those problems. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Oral Language (61300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: An Insight into the Challenges in the Teaching and Learning of Spoken English in Indian Context Correspondence author: Zafar, Darakhshan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 531-542 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505273 ProQuest document ID: 1684414632 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414632?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Design of Derivational Morphological Analyzer for Kannada Language Author: Melinamath, Bhuvaneshwari C Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 46-58. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414639?accountid=50982 Abstract: We have developed a derivational morphological analyzer for Kannada Language. Derivational morphology deals with change of part of speech (POS) category from one basic category to another by the addition of derivational suffixes to the basic categories like noun, verbs and adjectives. Nouns can be derived from verbs and verbs can be derived from nouns and so on. There is no derivational morphological analyzer exists for Kannada. Existing systems have attempted only the inflectional morphology. The process of derivation is regular and productive in many instances for Kannada. But this is not true in all cases. Verbalizers are used in the process of derivation to verb. Nominalizers are used in derivation verb to noun. Finite state transducers are used for the implementation of the derivational analyzer. A set of verbs is used to derive verbs from adjective. Another set of pronoun suffixes are used to derive nouns form adjectives. The accuracy of derivation analyzer is around 90% in the case of nouns and around 85% in the case of verbs. Adapted from the source document Subject: Derivation (Morphology) (18300); Kannada (40400); Morphological Analysis (55380); Suffixes (85500); Finite State Automata (24380); Natural Language Processing (56550); Computational Linguistics (14100); Form Classes (25250) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Design of Derivational Morphological Analyzer for Kannada Language Correspondence author: Melinamath, Bhuvaneshwari C   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 46-58 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505626 ProQuest document ID: 1684414639 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414639?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Phonological Study of Toto Language Author: Basumatary, Chibiram11 Department of Linguistics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India chibirambasumatary@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 59-84. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414903?accountid=50982 Abstract: Ethnically Totos are considered as the Mongoloid race. According to G.A Grierson (1901), Linguistics Survey of India, Volume-III, Part-I, Toto language belongs to a Himalayan subgroup of the Tibeto-Burman Language family. Toto Language is spoken in an area called Totopara. Totopara is located in Madarihat under the Police Station of Alipurduar Sub-division of Jalpaiguri district of West-Bengal. The Toto villages are situated at the foothills of the Himalayas towards south of the border between Bhutan and West-Bengal. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phonological Analysis (64950); Sino Tibetan Languages (79100) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology Title: The Phonological Study of Toto Language Correspondence author: Basumatary, Chibiram   Author e-mail address: chibirambasumatary@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 59-84 Number of pages: 26 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505299 ProQuest document ID: 1684414903 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414903?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Code-Switching and Code-Mixing: A Case of EFL Teachers Affecting L2 Learners' Learning Author: Younas, Muhammad; Arshad, Sumrah; Akram, Khadija; Faisal, Muhammad; Akhtar, Muhammad; Sarfraz, Komal; Umar, Aneela Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 516-530. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414911?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study explores the effects of code-switching/code-mixing found among the students of BS English. The data were collected through a questionnaire based on three point rating scale. The questionnaire was designed after reading a lot of literature on the topic concerned. The purpose of devising this questionnaire was to investigate the effects of code-switching/code-mixing among BS English Students. The questionnaire is consisted of ten questions. The results of the data have been collected through sixty respondents are shown through the graphs. In the end, it was concluded that the fear of teacher's negative comments, linguistic difficulties, pressure of time and perfect work, insufficient writing practice and problems with topic affect a lot while writing in English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Code Switching (12650); Surveys (86000); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Language Use (44610); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Communication Failure (13628); Classroom Communication (12250); Second Language Teachers (76120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Code-Switching and Code-Mixing: A Case of EFL Teachers Affecting L2 Learners' Learning Correspondence author: Younas, Muhammad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 516-530 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505271 ProQuest document ID: 1684414911 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414911?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Exploratory Study into Factors Affecting Achievement in English among Bangladeshi College Students: An Investigation of Teachers and Students Perceptions Author: Rahman, Mohammad Mahbubur Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 180-276. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414974?accountid=50982 Abstract: The study investigated the factors that led to poor performance in English subject in Bangladeshi HSC (12th Grade) level students. The research was set up to investigate the effect of some key factors on performance in English subject of the Grade 12th Learners. The factors under investigation consisted of instructional materials, teaching methods, assessment, teachers training and social and educational background of the learners. To carry out this investigation, 40 students were issued with questionnaires and 37 completed them. 4 English subject teachers also participated in the study from two (2) colleges. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaires and interviews. Four (4) teachers and Four (4) students' interview were taken. Analysis of data revealed poor instructional materials, lack of adequate exercise on CLT in the classroom, faulty assessment systems, lack of teachers training, low basic level of the students were factors associated with students' poor performance in English. Based on these findings, recommendations were made on strategies, which will improve the quality of teaching/learning English at HSC (Grade 12) level in Bangladesh. Adapted from the source document Subject: Teacher Attitudes (87840); Student Attitudes (84725); Academic Achievement (00070); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Bangladesh (07450); Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: An Exploratory Study into Factors Affecting Achievement in English among Bangladeshi College Students: An Investigation of Teachers and Students Perceptions Correspondence author: Rahman, Mohammad Mahbubur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 180-276 Number of pages: 97 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505244 ProQuest document ID: 1684414974 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414974?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Communicative Approach in ESL Classroom at Secondary Level Author: Sultana, Mosha Afroza Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 1-18. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414982?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses the way teachers can focus the teaching of the foreign language in the classroom in such a way that students can communicate in a conscious way, taking into account their real experiences. Here, the origin of the Communicative Approach as a combination of different methods is clearly explained. The role of the teachers and the students in applying Communicative Approach in English as a Second Language class at the secondary level is also discussed. The article also gives some examples of communicative activities that can be developed in the classes from the communicative point of view. This digest will take a look at the communicative approach to the teaching of foreign languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Second Language Instruction (75700); Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Educational Activities (20910) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Communicative Approach in ESL Classroom at Secondary Level Correspondence author: Sultana, Mosha Afroza   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-18 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: Engli sh Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505262 ProQuest document ID: 1684414982 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414982?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Who Is An Indian Writer? Issues of Language in Indian Writing in English Author: Yadav, Monika Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 297-306. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415396?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper takes up a debate that has grown steadily edgier since independence - the politics of language in Indian literary culture, specifically in relation to the respective claims of the Modern Indian language and English language, which must also be recognised as an Indian language. In the field of literature, Indian English literature refers to the body of work by Indian writers who write in English language and whose native or additional native language could be one of the numerous regional and indigenous languages of India. In the twentieth century, several Indian writers have distinguished themselves not only in traditional Indian languages, but also in English, a language inherited from the British. As a result of British colonisation, India has developed its own unique dialect of English known as Indian English. Adapted from the source document Subject: Indian English (35150); Colonial Languages (13400); Literature (49250); India (35100); Indigenous Languages (35320); Language Use (44610); Language Culture Relationship (42150); Sociolinguistics (80200) Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Who Is An Indian Writer? Issues of Language in Indian Writing in English Correspondence author: Yadav, Monika   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 297-306 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505859 ProQuest document ID: 1684415396 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415396?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of English Language in Ethiopia and Its Implication for Teaching: From Daily Academic Routines to Science and Technology Author: Bachore, Mebratu Mulatu11 College of Social Science and Humanities, School of Language and Communication Studies, Hawassa University, P.O. Box: 05, Hawassa Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 277-288. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415589?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is a marker of identity and a tool for representing local values and culture. On the one hand, the right to study one's own language is now considered a basic human right (Segota 2001). On the other hand, there is an urgently-felt need, particularly among the younger generation, to interact with the global world culture. Universities in Ethiopia are also facing the challenge of achieving internationally recognized academic excellence and status, mainly through the medium of English, while at the same time serving the needs of the local population. The two extremes are not being considered by teachers, officials and researchers in the area. However, this paper focuses on the role of English language in Ethiopia, in relation to the global context. But, it also underscores the need to learn primary education in the local languages, not at the expense of the English language. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Language of Instruction (43180); Ethiopia (22830); Language Culture Relationship (42150) Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: The Role of English Language in Ethiopia and Its Implication for Teaching: From Daily Academic Routines to Science and Technology Correspondence author: Bachore, Mebratu Mulatu   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 277-288 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505088 ProQuest document ID: 1684415589 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415589?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Text Books for Border Areas of Multilingual India - Issues Related to Learning, and Strategies for Evaluation and Rectification Author: Lal, Sam Mohan Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 289-296. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415662?accountid=50982 Abstract: Among the multilingual countries of the world it is a blessing in disguise that India tops the list and it has more than 400 active languages to interact with and 22 official languages which are recognized by the Constitution of India as official languages of India. These languages are included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. This means that in these 22 languages there are textbooks, well developed written literature, and there is a State (province) in the Indian Union where one of these scheduled languages is spoken and it is the official language of that state. For instance, Tamil is one of the scheduled languages of India and it is also the official state language of the state of Tamil Nadu. All these states are closely interwoven to form more than 100 national and international borders. Adapted from the source document Subject: India (35100); Official Languages (60500); Tamil (87650); Language Textbooks (44300); Applied Linguistics (03500) Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: Language Text Books for Border Areas of Multilingual India - Issues Related to Learning, and Strategies for Evaluation and Rectification Correspondence author: Lal, Sam Mohan   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 289-296 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201504867 ProQuest document ID: 1684415662 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415662?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Do We Need to Look for an Alternative to CLT in Bangladesh? A Study from Secondary Level English Teachers' Perspective Author: Bin Chowdhury, Md Khaled; Mustaque, Shakila Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 6,  (June 2014): 159-179. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415677?accountid=50982 Abstract: Communicative Language Teaching is highly advocated by many applied linguists and English language teachers as an effective language teaching approach. But, the implementation of CLT in English as Foreign Language (EFL) context has encountered a huge number of difficulties. These difficulties vary widely from country to country. Bangladeshi English teachers also mention some problems that they face in applying CLT approach. They also uphold perceptions about the CLT principles. These perceptions and beliefs have direct impact on their teaching practice in the classroom. This study tries to find out a co-relation between their perceptions of CLT and impediments to implementation of CLT in secondary level English classes. This study also tries to find out whether the current approach-fetish ELT education system needs to be changed. The study was based on data collected from 20 secondary level English teachers of Bangladesh through questionnaires with fixed alternatives and unstructured interviews with the teachers. The answers were tabulated numerically and analyzed for interpretation. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Second Language Teachers (76120); Secondary Education (76300); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Bangladesh (07450); Teacher Attitudes (87840); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Do We Need to Look for an Alternative to CLT in Bangladesh? A Study from Secondary Level English Teachers' Perspective Correspondence author: Bin Chowdhury, Md Khaled   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 159-179 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505209 ProQuest document ID: 1684415677 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415677?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Addressing the Unaddressed: Considering Specific Teaching Context in Exploiting Short Stories to Teach Language to EFL Learners Author: Saha, Shuvo11 East West University Plot No. A/2, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar Dhaka-1212 Bangladesh sshuvo010@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 7,  (July 2014): 528-545. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414634?accountid=50982 Abstract: All the research works on the significance of literature in ELT (English language teaching) almost unanimously concur to the point that literary texts as authentic source of language input have tremendous potential to aid language teaching. Short story in particular is considered with added value due to its motivating nature which is embedded within. This paper exploits two short stories and designs a series of language tasks to teach the English language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - to tertiary level students from private universities in EFL setting. The aim is to acquaint EFL instructors with the way short stories can be exploited as text to design language activities and implement them effectively utilizing all the available facilities of a particular teaching context like that of private universities. The study, moreover, discusses some of the pragmatic challenges of employing literature for language teaching purpose and finally reflects on the scope for further research. Adapted from the source document Subject: Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Authentic Texts (06700); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Literature (49250); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Addressing the Unaddressed: Considering Specific Teaching Context in Exploiting Short Stories to Teach Language to EFL Learners Correspondence author: Saha, Shuvo   Author e-mail address: sshuvo010@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 7 Pages: 528-545 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505252 ProQuest document ID: 1684414634 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414634?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE - PROFICIENCY ISSUES OF JAFFNA STUDENTS: Prescribed as a Text Book for University Undergraduates Author: SUNTHARESAN, V Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 7,  (July 2014): 242-356. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414733?accountid=50982 Abstract: Communicative Approach focuses more on meaning than form of the language. It emphasizes the simulation of real life situation within the classroom. It recommends that students should be adequately exposed to the target language. Hence the adoption of communicative approach would prompt the students to use the language for communication with ease and comfort outside the classroom. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Language Teaching (13750); Language Textbooks (44300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE - PROFICIENCY ISSUES OF JAFFNA STUDENTS: Prescribed as a Text Book for University Undergraduates Correspondence author: SUNTHARESAN, V   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 7 Pages: 242-356 Number of pages: 115 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505263 ProQuest document ID: 1684414733 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684414733?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study for Identifying the Cases of Metaphorical Expressions with Inappropriate Phraseology in Argumentative Essays Written by Persian English Language Learners Author: Jafari, Maryam1; Mirzaeean, Vahid1 Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch Arak, Iran Fatemeh_jafari110@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 7,  (July 2014): 426-439. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415461?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study mainly investigated the cases of linguistic metaphor in a contextualized learner corpus data, which gathered the argumentative essays written by the Iranian EFL learners in one of the English Language Institute. Identified metaphors in this naturally-occurring data provided a good basis to find differences in applying metaphors across the assigned levels both quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to answer this question that is there any relationship between the amount of learners' incorrect metaphorical use with the amount of their strongly affected metaphorical expressions by their first language background, a learner corpora designed by the researcher which gathered the argumentative essays written by the selected English-learners. The learners selected according to the information acquired from the questionnaire and their score in the English Language proficiency test which is according to CEFR criteria. The answer to this question indicates whether learners are able to use metaphorical expressions presenting their own perspectives with appropriate phraseology or not. The result of this study point to the metaphorical inaccurate use founded at A2 and B1 levels. Generally the rate of first language-influenced errors and the metaphorical errors indicate the significant role of first language transfer in making such errors in this data. Adapted from the source document Subject: Metaphors (53250); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Corpus Linguistics (15670); Phraseology (65550); Second Language Writing (76180); Argumentation (03980); Academic Writing (00072); Corpus Analysis (15664) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: A Study for Identifying the Cases of Metaphorical Expressions with Inappropriate Phraseology in Argumentative Essays Written by Persian English Language Learners Correspondence author: Jafari, Maryam   Author e-mail address: Fatemeh_jafari110@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 7 Pages: 426-439 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505280 ProQuest document ID: 1684415461 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415461?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ University Students' Beliefs about English Language Learning Author: Alsamaani, Abdulaziz Saleh Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 7,  (July 2014): 16-49. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415534?accountid=50982 Abstract: Learners' beliefs about foreign language learning have been stressed in educational research because they are regarded as fundamental to learners' progress. This paper deals with the results of a research project conducted among first-year English language majors studying the Intensive English Language Program at Qassim University. A total of 250 students volunteered to participate in this study. The instrument employed in the study is a modified Arabic version of Horwitz's (1987) BALLI (Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory). Students' beliefs were investigated in order to collect background information needed for exploring the overall beliefs of Saudi university students about learning English as a foreign language Results reveal that Saudi university students have positive and realistic beliefs about foreign language as regard the nature of language learning, communication strategies, and motivation and expectations about learning English as a foreign language. The study recommends an identification of Saudi EFL teachers and learners' beliefs on a wider scale, so as to provide guidelines to EFL teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to tailor their teaching methods to meet learners' beliefs. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Student Attitudes (84725); College Students (13250); Beliefs (08100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Arabic (03750) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: University Students' Beliefs about English Language Learning Correspondence author: Alsamaani, Abdulaziz Saleh   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 7 Pages: 16-49 Number of pages: 34 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Documenttype: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505200 ProQuest document ID: 1684415534 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415534?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) at the Higher Secondary Levels in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects from Teachers' Perspective Author: Ahmed, Shaila11 Faculty, Department of English American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) Banani, Dhaka 1213 Bangladesh juiceworld@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 7,  (July 2014): 491-504. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415708?accountid=50982 Abstract: With the realization of increased needs of English language in Bangladesh in the backdrop of globalization, emphasis has been placed on effective learning of this language. Hence, as practiced globally, the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) was introduced in Bangladesh in 1998-1999 with a view to enhancing the quality of learning among the students of different levels. This study looks into CLT as a method and its application at the mainstream higher secondary level of institutions in Bangladesh. The study investigates into factors that have made adoption of CLT in Bangladesh not quite successful. The study has been done based on interview and surveys of a total of 40 teachers from 20 higher secondary colleges in and out of the capital city of Bangladesh. Based on the results of the survey and interview, this study concludes that despite positive attitudes towards CLT, multiples challenges are faced in this field. It also concludes that the solution of the problems with the collective endeavors both government and private, can bring positive changes in the learning and teaching of English language in Bangladesh. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); Communicative Language Teaching (13750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Secondary Education (76300); Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Globalization (28120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) at the Higher Secondary Levels in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects from Teachers' Perspective Correspondence author: Ahmed, Shaila   Author e-mail address: juiceworld@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 7 Pages: 491-504 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505194 ProQuest document ID: 1684415708 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415708?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of Elementary School Thai English Teachers' Perceived English Proficiency and Self-Reported English Teaching Efficacy: Masters Dissertation, Payap University Chiang Mai, Thailand Author: Best, Barbara Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 7,  (July 2014): 77-195. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415844?accountid=50982 Abstract: English as a global language has grown exponentially. It has become the modern day 'lingua franca.' It is the basis of communication in countries all over the world. In southeast Asia a new community-ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)-is becoming stronger each day. It is comprised of 10 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The chief aim of this collaboration of countries is to promote 'economic growth, social progress, cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations' (ASEAN.org, n.d.). As a community working together they are stronger than as individual nations. And in 2015, the ASEAN economic community (AEC) will be officially integrated in southeast Asia. Since the 10 countries represent many languages, one language, English, was chosen for business communication. Thus, speaking and using English in daily communications has become more important to many Thais. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English Proficiency (22335); Second Language Teachers (76120); Thailand (89250); Business English (10120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Study of Elementary School Thai English Teachers' Perceived English Proficiency and Self-Reported English Teaching Efficacy: Masters Dissertation, Payap University Chiang Mai, Thailand Correspondence author: Best, Barbara   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 7 Pages: 77-195 Number of pages: 119 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-06-01 Accession number: 201505208 ProQuest document ID: 1684415844 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1684415844?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Choice, Code Switching and Identity Construction in Malaysian English Newspaper Advertisements Author: John, Deborah Ashabai Fredericks; Dumanig, Francisco Perlas Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 8,  (August 2014): 10-25. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700660578?accountid=50982 Abstract: While identity construction and code switching in print advertising has become an area of growing interest, studies on this topic in the Malaysian context are limited. Furthermore, in the global context, most scholars investigate the occurrence of English lexical items in local language advertising. Thus, an examination of code switching in English newspaper advertisements in the Malaysian context would be significant. This study aims to explore the reasons for the construction of identity through the use of code switching in English newspaper advertisements in Malaysia. To achieve the aim of this study, 121 food, finance, motoring, energy and telecommunication English advertisements with Malay, Tamil and Chinese code switching occurrences were selected. The advertisements were taken from the three local English newspapers with the highest circulation, namely, The Star, The New Straits Times, and The Sun, over a period of six months from 1st August, 2011 to 31st January, 2012. The data was analyzed against previous studies related to motivations behind the use of code switching as well as identity construction. The findings reveal that advertisers construct identity through code switching mainly during festivals. The findings further reveal that the main reason for advertisers to construct these identities through code switching is to persuade multilingual consumers as a form of marketing strategy. The advertisers aim to persuade consumers through the construction of these identities to accommodate the bilingual consumers, attract consumers through affective means, and build credibility and solidarity with the consumers. The findings are consistent with previous studies on language choice, identity construction and advertising. Adapted from the source document Subject: Advertisements (00670); Code Switching (12650); English (21900); Newspapers (57800); Language Use (44610); Chinese (12100); Bilingualism (08850); Malaysia (50800) Classification: 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational/mathematical linguistics and machine translation Title: Language Choice, Code Switching and Identity Construction in Malaysian English Newspaper Advertisements Correspondence author: John, Deborah Ashabai Fredericks   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 8 Pages: 10-25 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-08-01 Accession number: 201508714 ProQuest document ID: 1700660578 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700660578?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evaluating the Communicative Effectiveness of the English Curriculum of a Language School in Myanmar Author: Ji, Nang Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 8,  (August 2014): 109-124. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700662603?accountid=50982 Abstract: As the Myanmar presidential government is changing their policy from close door policy to open door policy, the requirement of communicative English language ability is becoming more essential in education, politics, and economics due to the vital role it plays in communication chain throughout the world. Thus, the language curriculum that use in a language school needs to meet the language learners' needs. The focus of this study is on the evaluation of communicative effectiveness of English curriculum of a language school in Yangon, Myanmar. Curriculum evaluation is to investigate its communicative effectiveness and to find out strengths and weakness that focus on the curriculum activities: objectives, contents, materials, teaching, and testing (assessment and evaluation process) of the syllabi. The term curriculum in this study refers to an English language course. In this study, six instruments, questionnaires, interviews, pre and post communicative ability test, observation, syllabus evaluation, and school achievement test results, were administered. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentage, coding measure, and content analysis. This study concludes with the recommendation for implementing modification for the better curriculum and its materials. Adapted from the source document Subject: Curriculum Planning (16780); Myanmar (55880); Educational Policy (20940); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Evaluating the Communicative Effectiveness of the English Curriculum of a Language School in Myanmar Correspondence author: Ji, Nang   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 8 Pages: 109-124 Number of pages: 16 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Articl e Update: 2015-08-01 Accession number: 201508201 ProQuest document ID: 1700662603 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700662603?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Task Based Language Teaching To Promote Communicative Competence Author: Suntharesan, V Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 8,  (August 2014): 174-187. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700663011?accountid=50982 Abstract: Since Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) provides adequate exposure to language, students, are able to learn the language in an almost real life situation. The learning is student centered and leads to more interaction among students. It also focuses more on meaning than on the form of the language so that the students are able to communicate spontaneously in their day-to-day interactions. The objective of this study is to maintain that TBLT is remarkably effective in promoting communicative competence among students of ESL. To elicit data required for this study, 50 under grads reading in the 3rd year in the Faculty of Arts, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka were selected at random and divided into two groups, namely, Control Group and Experimental Group. Pretests and the end of classes post-tests based on different syllabuses were held to assess the students' levels of language proficiency. Data was analyzed and results discussed. Adapted from the source document Subject: Communicative Competence (13650); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Educational Activities (20910); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Sri Lanka (83650) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Task Based Language Teaching To Promote Communicative Competence Correspondence author: Suntharesan, V   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 8 Pages: 174-187 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-08-01 Accession number: 201508224 ProQuest document ID: 1700663011 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700663011?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Investigation into Open-class versus Close-class Metaphorical Expression in Persian English Language Learners' Argumentative Writings Author: Jafari, Maryam; Mirzaeean, Vahid Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 8,  (August 2014): 97-108. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700663077?accountid=50982 Abstract: Metaphor is an indispensable part of our cognition and language. The dominance of metaphorical concept in conventional language of people is the main reason of ever increasing attention to metaphor on behalf of second language researchers, and researchers from other disciplines as well. The present study, by taking an applied linguistics view to the study of metaphor, makes a representative, naturally-occurring empirical corpus from the argumentative essays written by Persian English language learners to analyze metaphor. Therefore the overall aim of this study was to identify and describe Persian English language learners' use of metaphorical language in their writing. The results indicate that the proportion of open-class metaphorical use did not increase across levels as compared with the close-class ones. It means that as the learners move through the higher levels of English proficiency their ability to use new concepts for expressing their ideas in appropriate English did not increase as well, hence this deficiency is an obstacle for providing a basis for developing competency to accurately use metaphor in the target language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Metaphors (53250); Persian (63700); Second Language Writing (76180); Argumentation (03980); Corpus Linguistics (15670); Corpus Analysis (15664); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); English Proficiency (22335) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: An Investigation into Open-class versus Close-class Metaphorical Expression in Persian English Language Learners' Argumentative Writings Correspondence author: Jafari, Maryam   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 8 Pages: 97-108 Number of pages: 12 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-08-01 Accession number: 201508245 ProQuest document ID: 1700663077 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1700663077?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Error Analysis and Paragraph Writing Author: Khansir, Ali Akbar; Ahrami, Masomeh Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 9,  (September 2014): 74-162. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056109?accountid=50982 Abstract: Writing is a highly complex process for native and non-native speakers of English language. Today, English language has become a necessity all over the world. The main focus of the research presented in this monograph is to present the form and function of the paragraph and the errors committed at the paragraph level. The present study attempts to reveal paragraph errors of English learners at the under graduate level in Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in Bushehr City, Iran. The areas of the problem to be probed are as follows: 1-What is the role of errors in remedial measures? 2-Why do students commit errors in paragraph writing? 3-Which type of errors should the researcher study in this research? 4-What is the purpose of error analysis in learning language? Adapted from the source document Subject: Paragraphs (62600); Error Analysis (Language) (22400); Second Language Writing (76180); Iran (38300); English as a Second Language Learning (22130) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Error Analysis and Paragraph Writing Correspondence author: Khansir, Ali Akbar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 9 Pages: 74-162 Number of pages: 89 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201510935 ProQuest document ID: 1718056109 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056109?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Review of The History of Languages: An Introduction Author: Dwivedi, Amitabh Vikram Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 9,  (September 2014): 24-36. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056842?accountid=50982 Abstract: A review of Tore Janson's The History of Languages: An Introduction is presented in this paper. This book is an adaptation and modification of his earlier work Speak (2002) presented in the form of a textbook. There are six thematic sections. One of the aims of Janson's book is to bridge the gap between the separate practitioners of sociolinguistics, social historians, and linguists alike and this is achieved and the readers including researchers will find the book not only readable but also insightful. The main focus is on how languages arise, change and vanish, why languages have different destinies, and 'what happens to the people who use the languages' (p. xii). Technical terminology has been generally eschewed and only employed when it is unavoidable. Rather than focusing on English in the third world countries substantively, Janson introduces us with 'English in China' (p. 233) in detail, consequently the future of English as a second language in the World gives an impression of being neglected. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language History (42600); China (11980); Sociolinguistics (80200); English (21900); Diachronic Linguistics (18500) Classification: 5111: descriptive linguistics; diachronic linguistics Title: Review of The History of Languages: An Introduction Correspondence author: Dwivedi, Amitabh Vikram   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 9 Pages: 24-36 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511496 ProQuest document ID: 1718056842 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056842?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching and Learning of English Proficiency Courses: A Study at Selected Language Centres in Bangladesh Author: Ahmed, Shameem11 Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus, Malaysia russella1968@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 9,  (September 2014): 231-259. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057991?accountid=50982 Abstract: There are scores of English language teaching centres in Bangladesh. They have mushroomed in Dhaka as well as other cities. They offer English proficiency courses with varied objectives. The popularity and usefulness of these courses are undeniable. But the quality of these courses is uncertain. No intensive research has yet been done to show the exact nature and quality of teaching in those centres. Moreover, the courses involve a number of problems: problem for teacher, problem for learners, problem of teaching methodology and teaching materials, problem of assessment and testing, problem of syllabus and curriculum. The current study has been undertaken to identify and observe the exact nature and quality of teaching in these language centres. The whole research has been undertaken in a qualitative method. Data was collected on the basis of materials study, class observation, interviews and questionnaires. Emphasis was given to direct interview of the Director of the Centre, teacher, and students to know the situation in the institutes/centres. The current study shows that although the courses involve a number of problems, in some way these language centres/institutes also have positive sides. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Bangladesh (07450); English Proficiency (22335); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching and Learning of English Proficiency Courses: A Study at Selected Language Centres in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Ahmed, Shameem   Author e-mail address: russella1968@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 9 Pages: 231-259 Number of pages: 29 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511051 ProQuest document ID: 1718057991 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057991?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Uses of Radio for Teaching English to Sadri Students of Upper Primary Schools in Assam Author: Saikia, Juri11 Department of Linguistics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 9,  (September 2014): 207-219. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058138?accountid=50982 Abstract: Sadri is used as a lingua franca by a large number of 'tea tribes' such as Kharia (South Munda), Mundari, Bhumij (North Munda), Oraon and Kurukh (North Dravidian) for communication among themselves in the tea gardens of Upper Assam. A number of speakers of these tribal groups have adopted Sadri as their mother tongue and no longer speak their original native languages in the tea gardens of Assam. Sadri language is largely influenced by the dominant language of Assam, i.e., Assamese and that is why it is quite different from the Sadri spoken in Jharkhand, Odisha, Chattisgarh and West Bengal. This language is popularly known as Baganiya Bhasha or Adivashi Bhasha in Assam. The Sadri children go to the regional medium (Assamese) government schools and learn English as part of their curriculum in these areas. In Assam, the medium of communication of these schools is Assamese. It is also found that the quality of instruction and the teaching of English in these schools are very poor. This paper focuses on the difficulties faced by these children whose parents do not know any English and whose teachers of English also have very poor competence in English. The paper presents information on how we could use Radio to improve the teaching and learning of English in these schools. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Radio (70100); Language of Instruction (43180); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Indo Iranian Languages (35430) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Uses of Radio for Teaching English to Sadri Students of Upper Primary Schools in Assam Correspondence author: Saikia, Juri   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 9 Pages: 207-219 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511102 ProQuest document ID: 1718058138 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058138?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Overview of the Phonological Elements of Assamese in Karbi Author: Narzary, Dhanjoy11 Assam University Silchar, Assam, India dhanjoy2628@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 9,  (September 2014): 57-65. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058246?accountid=50982 Abstract: The linguistic sphere of North East India is full of diversity. The Assamese language is seen as predominant language of the north-east India. Assamese Language with its own script and literature has been considered as a universal language is widely used in Assam and its adjacent states of Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh for a long time. The Karbi is one of the predominant hill tribes of Assam. The language of this tribe is known as Karbi. Karbi belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group of Sino Tibetan language family. The Karbis are bilingual. They are seen to use the Karbi language while exchanging ideas among the people of their own tribe and in the social life. They use Assamese with the non-Karbis. They are equally proficient in using both the languages - Karbi and Assamese for spoken communication. Due to various factors such as cohabitation of Karbi and Assamese people, cultural interaction, the use of Assamese script, etc., the influence of Assamese on Karbi has been found more active. As a consequence, a lot of Assamese features are used in Karbi language. Various phonological, morphological and syntactic elements of Assamese are found to have entered the Karbi language. Here, an analysis is done regarding the phonological elements of Assamese available in Karbi. Adapted from the source document Subject: Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Bengali (08200); Phonological Analysis (64950); Language Contact (42100) Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: An Overview of the Phonological Elements of Assamese in Karbi Correspondence author: Narzary, Dhanjoy   Author e-mail address: dhanjoy2628@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 9 Pages: 57-65 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511581 ProQuest document ID: 1718058246 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058246?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Is 'English Studies' in India Student-centric? A Comparative Study of Syllabi of M.A. English Courses in Indian Universities and University Grants Commission's National Eligibility Test in English Author: Tasildar, Ravindra Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 10,  (October 2014): 309-341. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055935?accountid=50982 Abstract: The M.A. English (Master of Arts in English), one of the comprehensive postgraduate (PG) courses in Indian universities, is aimed at equipping students for a number of career options. However, it is common knowledge that a large number of those successfully complete M.A. in English, and become teachers of English at the undergraduate level (Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) for English, 1989:32). The students of the M.A. English appear for University Grants Commission's National Eligibility Test (UGC-NET) in English to qualify for teaching in undergraduate (UG) and PG colleges and university departments. Even though many modern career options are available, majority of Indian students with an M.A. in English aspire to enter the teaching profession. Nowadays experts in the field of higher education in India express need to offer courses relevant to job market needs. Therefore, the focus of this study is to know whether one of the major job-market requirements of students, teaching profession, is taken into consideration while designing syllabi of the M.A. in English courses in Indian universities. As a case in point, this article analyses the syllabi of the M.A. English courses in ten state universities in Maharashtra State (during 2007-08 to 2013-14) vis-a-vis the syllabi recommended by the UGC committees and the syllabus of UGC-NET (2013) in English. The inferences of this study, mainly based on available syllabus documents, are also supported by findings of a questionnaire-based survey. Keeping in mind the autonomy of Indian universities, the study realizes the need to make syllabi of the M.A. English courses compatible to the syllabus of the UGC-NET in English till the latter is revamped. Adapted from the source document Subject: English (21900); Higher Education (31750); Tests (88900); College Students (13250); India (35100); Teachers (87860) Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Is 'English Studies' in India Student-centric? A Comparative Study of Syllabi of M.A. English Courses in Indian Universities and University Grants Commission's National Eligibility Test in English Correspondence author: Tasildar, Ravindra   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Pages: 309-341 Number of pages: 33 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201510863 ProQuest document ID: 1718055935 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055935?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English as an International Language: Implications for Teaching Materials in Pakistani Classrooms Author: Ali, Zahra Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 10,  (October 2014): 350-367. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057982?accountid=50982 Abstract: The worldwide spread of English has called for a need to shift the paradigm of language education to teaching EIL (English as an International Language), by promoting the pluricentric view of English into the existing ELT curriculum. However, the question of whose culture and which variety of English/es to teach raises several important issues in local teaching contexts. To explore this phenomenon in detail, this paper begins with investigating the status of English as an international language and the need to study/teach it in Pakistan. Based on the data collected from five-day EIL-oriented workshops conducted in a Pakistani university, this paper presents a description of the process and activities whereby varieties of English beyond the normative Inner Circle context can be introduced to students in teaching materials in Pakistan. The paper concludes by offering suggestions and recommendations regarding the teaching of EIL in Pakistan, which should begin with fostering appreciation and legitimacy for students' local variety of English. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as an International Language (22200); Pakistan (62200); English as a Second Language Teaching Materials (22140); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English as an International Language: Implications for Teaching Materials in Pakistani Classrooms Correspondence author: Ali, Zahra   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Pages: 350-367 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511052 ProQuest document ID: 1718057982 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057982?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Segmental Phonology of Chiru Author: Awan, Mechek Sampar11 Department of Linguistics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India awanms3@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 10,  (October 2014): 28-44. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058073?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Chiru language belongs to the Northern Kuki-Chin subgroup of the Tibeto-Burman language families (G.A. Grierson 1903). It has only 6032 speakers (Census of India: 2001) scattered in Senapati, Tamenglong and Churachandpur districts of Manipur and Cachar district of Assam. Thus, Chiru is a highly endangered language. It is recognised as a scheduled tribe by the Government of India in 1957. The language is highly influenced by its neighbouring dominant languages. This threatens the language with the possibility of extinction. This article attempts to describe the segmental phonology of Chiru in the light of modern trends in Linguistics. The study of segmental phonological system of the language will mainly include the phonemic inventory, phonemes and its variants and distributions, phonemic sequence, syllabic pattern and phonological processes. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phonological Analysis (64950); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Phonemes (64600); Segmentation (76470) Classification: 4210: phonology; phonology Title: Segmental Phonology of Chiru Correspondence author: Awan, Mechek Sampar   Author e-mail address: awanms3@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Pages: 28-44 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511168 ProQuest document ID: 1718058073 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058073?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching and Learning Grammar for Teens Using Technological Tools Author: Shylaja, E Arokya1; Ravindran, K1 Department of English CSI Bishop Appasamy College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India ea.shylaja14@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 10,  (October 2014): 18-27. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058112?accountid=50982 Abstract: Nowadays learning and teaching Grammar has become easy and interesting with the advent of online tools such as computers, mobiles, and social media such as Blog, Twitter, Facebook, Skype, etc. Online instruction promotes language learning. It is well known that language is guided by Grammar for correct usage so that proper meaning is given to the words and sentences used. Chapman states that 'Grammar is a study of language by specialists, made in order to establish the rules and principles which are followed more or less unconsciously or instinctively by the native speakers.' Dr. Sweet defines Grammar as 'the practical analysis of a language, i.e., its anatomy'. Grammar enables learners to use language to describe the world in terms of how, when and where things happen. Keeping this in view, technology is adapted for learning and teaching purposes, to meet the demands of man and enable him to attain the imperishable and flawless treasure of learning. This paper aims at listing and evaluating some of the technological tools used for effective teaching and learning of grammar. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Grammar Instruction (28550); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Adolescents (00450) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching and Learning Grammar for Teens Using Technological Tools Correspondence author: Shylaja, E Arokya   Author e-mail address: ea.shylaja14@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Pages: 18-27 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511106 ProQuest document ID: 1718058112 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058112?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Effective Use of CALL Lab in Building Vocabulary for Engineering Graduates Author: Nair, Ninnala Rita; Mukherjee, Gitasri Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 10,  (October 2014): 213-221. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058181?accountid=50982 Abstract: A strong vocabulary is an invaluable possession for engineering students as it widens their avenues of thought, sharpens mental abilities to excel not only in academic affairs, but also maximize scope for employability and help in professional growth. This necessitates an endeavour to integrate vocabulary improvement as an ongoing process in one's academic and professional journey. British linguist David A. Wilkins (9-10) has rightly observed that 'without grammar little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.' A nimble working vocabulary gives learners the ability to be explicit instead of being vague when sharing their views, following classroom teaching or comprehending the books they read. To meet this objective, Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab plays a very crucial role, since it exposes learners to self-instructional, learner-friendly modes of language learning, providing them with the freedom and privacy to listen, read and learn at their own pace. The vocabulary acquired in this process strengthens the learners to confidently face computer-based competitive exams such as TOEFL, GRE, IELTS. Adapted from the source document Subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Programmed Instruction (68200); Second Language Instruction (75700); Language for Special Purposes (42550) Classification: 4125: applied linguistics; language for special purposes Title: Effective Use of CALL Lab in Building Vocabulary for Engineering Graduates Correspondence author: Nair, Ninnala Rita   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Pages: 213-221 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511047 ProQuest document ID: 1718058181 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058181?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Lack of Confidence - A Psychological Factor Affecting Spoken English of University Level Adult Learners in Bangladesh Author: Jamila, Marium Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 10,  (October 2014): 156-168. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058228?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is taught as a foreign language in Bangladesh from primary level to higher level education where among all four skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking), speaking- a productive skill is often treated as the most convoluted part for the teachers to teach as well as for the learners to perform. There are some distinctive social and psychological factors that frequently set obstacles before the abilities of learners speaking English both in classrooms and outside the classrooms. So, this study focuses on a specific psychological factor namely 'Lack of confidence' which has been found as one of the greatest barriers that affects the oral performance of the university level adult learners mostly. The purpose of the study is to find out some possible solutions dealing with the causes and effects of the very topic with an aim to help students overcome their lack of confidence for ensuring better oral communication being the members of the global community. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Adults (00600); Higher Education (31750); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Social Factors (79910); English Proficiency (22335) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Lack of Confidence - A Psychological Factor Affecting Spoken English of University Level Adult Learners in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Jamila, Marium   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Pages: 156-168 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511141 ProQuest document ID: 1718058228 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058228?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Do Not Just Tell, Paint an Image: The Art of Descriptive Writing for Beginners Author: Uddin, Kawsar; Ahmed, Tazin Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 11,  (November 2014): 58-67. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055822?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching descriptive writing is a common practice in an ESL writing class. However, there is no general agreement to what kind of strategy is the most helpful and why it is helpful. This paper is a library research which examines the relationship between teachers' instructions and strategies in relation to writer's performance. The study explores the setbacks that the ESL writers face in descriptive compositions. The paper also elucidates and illustrates descriptive writing and its components. The study then analyzes a rubric which recounts the pathway to guiding ESL writers' master descriptive writing. The analysis, finally, suggests that implementation of several instructional strategies help an ESL writer, in particular, a beginner, to improve his or her confidence in writing a descriptive composition. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Writing (76180); Second Language Writing Instruction (76185); Written Language Instruction (99200); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Do Not Just Tell, Paint an Image: The Art of Descriptive Writing for Beginners Correspondence author: Uddin, Kawsar   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: 58-67 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201510955 ProQuest document ID: 1718055822 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055822?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Form and Content Feedbacks in Foreign Language Writing: The Case of Omani Learners of English Author: Hubais, Ali; Dumanig, Francisco Perlas Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 11,  (November 2014): 3-16. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056126?accountid=50982 Abstract: Feedback is helpful in improving second language learners' writing skills. Consequently, giving either form or content feedback to students' writing has become a common practice in English composition writing classes for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This paper examines the use of form and content feedbacks in composition writing of Omani students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). More specifically, it examines how Omani EFL students respond to the form or content feedbacks given by lecturers. There were 17 EFL students from the Salalah College of Technology who took part in the study. Students were asked to write an argumentative essay and underwent three revisions (D1, D2, and D3). Each revision was done after giving the form and content feedbacks to find out how students responded to the feedbacks given. The revisions were analyzed and compared whether students rely on form feedback or content feedback in the first, second, and third drafts. The findings reveal that students rely heavily on the form feedback than that of the content feedback. Such findings may serve as a basis to improve the teaching of writing and develop the writing skills of EFL learners in Oman. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Second Language Writing Instruction (76185); Written Language Instruction (99200); Second Language Writing (76180); Feedback (23950); Editing (20850); Oman (60850) Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Form and Content Feedbacks in Foreign Language Writing: The Case of Omani Learners of English Correspondence author: Hubais, Ali   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: 3-16 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201510932 ProQuest document ID: 1718056126 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056126?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of the Mechanism to Assign Gender in Sizang, Koireng and Tarao Author: Sarangthem, Bobita1; Madhubala, P1 Department of Linguistics, Manipur University, Imphal, Canchipur-795003, Manipur, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 11,  (November 2014): 22-30. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056364?accountid=50982 Abstract: Many languages of the Tibeto-Burman family do not have grammatical gender. Typologically languages may be classified into those which have grammatical gender, for example, Hindi, Assamese, etc. of the Indo-Aryan languages and those which do not have grammatical gender, for example, Sizang, Koireng and Tarao of the Tibeto-Burman family of languages. What these languages (Sizang, Koireng and Tarao) have is merely a system of biological sex reference, and this is necessary only for specific semantic realization of animate nouns. These languages do not assign gender to each and every noun. Although this feature seems to be peripheral to language structure, an investigation into them gives us many insights to understand the complexities of everyday speech, and also enhances the scope of language typology. The present paper attempts to show how these languages use mechanism to signal the sex reference which is necessary for specific semantic realization of animate nouns. These languages do not have grammatical gender. Adapted from the source document Subject: Gender (Grammatical) (27100); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Language Typology (44450); Animacy and Inanimacy (03100); Indic Languages (35300) Classification: 5410: language classification; typological classification Title: A Comparative Study of the Mechanism to Assign Gender in Sizang, Koireng and Tarao Correspondence author: Sarangthem, Bobita   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: 22-30 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511691 ProQuest document ID: 1718056364 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056364?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Concepts of Difference and Difference: A Comparative Study of Saussure and Derrida Author: Garg, Neha1; Kumar, Shivek; Sharma, Vaibhav1 Department of Linguistics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India gargnehavns@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 11,  (November 2014): 141-147. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056367?accountid=50982 Abstract: Difference and differance are the two important key terms of the post structuralism given by the two prominent philosophers, namely, Ferdinand de Saussure and Jacques Derrida. In order to explain these two terms in a broader way we will try to establish the relations between these two in this paper and will also try to show some differences between them. Adapted from the source document Subject: Saussure, Ferdinand de (75200); Philosophy of Language (64350); Derrida, Jacques (18320) Classification: 6010: philosophy of language; philosophy of language Title: Concepts of Difference and Difference: A Comparative Study of Saussure and Derrida Correspondence author: Garg, Neha   Author e-mail address: gargnehavns@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: 141-147 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511933 ProQuest document ID: 1718056367 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056367?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Nominal Morphology in Korbong Language Author: Debbarma, Biman11 Department of Linguistics Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 11,  (November 2014): 31-43. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056540?accountid=50982 Abstract: Korbongs are one of the sub-tribes of Halam community which has been recognized as a scheduled tribe in the state of Tripura. Interestingly, the term 'Korbong' is also used to denote the 'language' spoken by the same tribe. Therefore the Korbong is the name of the language and the people. Korbongs are found only in two villages having only about 117 speakers in the state of Tripura, particularly in the districts of Khowai and West Tripura. Genetically, Korbong is closely related to Bongcher, Bong, Darlong, Hrangkhal, Kaipeng, Mizo, Moulsom, Pangkhua, Ranglong, etc., except Kalai and Rupini. Therefore Korbong seems to be a Kuki-Chin language of the Tibeto-Burman family. The main objective of the proposed study is to show the nominal morphology in the areas of person, number, gender and case in Korbong. Adapted from the source document Subject: Person (63750); Number (Grammatical) (59850); Gender (Grammatical) (27100); Case (10700); Morphological Analysis (55380); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800) Classification: 4510: morphology; morphology Title: Nominal Morphology in Korbong Language Correspondence author: Debbarma, Biman   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: 31-43 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511283 ProQuest document ID: 1718056540 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056540?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Case Study on Consonant Clusters in Meiteilon and Bengali Author: Sarangthem, Bobita1; Lokendro, Laishram; Madhubala, P1 Department of Linguistics, Manipur University, Imphal, Canchipur - 795003, Manipur Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 11,  (November 2014): 264-273. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056577?accountid=50982 Abstract: Meiteilon is a Tibeto-Burman language, and Bengali belongs to the eastern group of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. One of the goals of this paper is simply to highlight the consonant clusters found in Meiteilon and Bengali. In spite of belonging to two different language families, both share much in common, not only as verb final languages but also in consonant clusters. Interestingly, Meiteilon borrowed Bengali script for writing. Thus, it is important to discuss the similarities and differences of consonant cluster between the two languages. This paper also reflects the changes undertaken in writing the consonant cluster in Meitei mayek or the indigenous script. Nowadays, Meitei mayek writing system has been introduced to the schools of Manipur. In Meitei mayek writing system the consonant graphic variant is not adopted, instead Apun khudam (Ligature) is used to show consonant cluster. Adapted from the source document Subject: Consonant Clusters (14890); Language Contact (42100); Writing Systems (98800); Bengali (08200); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: A Case Study on Consonant Clusters in Meiteilon and Bengali Correspondence author: Sarangthem, Bobita   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: 264-273 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511536 ProQuest document ID: 1718056577 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056577?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Aspect Marker in Sihai (Tangkhul) Author: Singh, Wahengbam Robert11 Department of Linguistics, Manipur University, Imphal-795103, Manipur, India Alexluwang4@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 11,  (November 2014): 201-206. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056910?accountid=50982 Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to highlight the aspect marker in Sihai Language. Sihai Language belongs to the Naga groups of the Tibeto-Burman language Family (Grierson, 1904 vol. iii, part iii). It is spoken in the northern side of Ukhrul District, 32 km away from Ukhrul town. The number of speaker of this language is about 1200 (Census of India 2011). The present paper discusses the following aspect markers in Sihai language: simple aspect, progressive aspect, perfective aspect and irrealis or unrealise aspect. These aspects markers are suffixes which are attached to the verb roots. Simple aspect expresses the habitual or universal truth of an event which is indicated by the morphemes -e and -i. These two morphemes have the following allophones -ke, -mi, -pe, -ye, and -(eng)i. Progressive aspect expresses an event which is going on and is indicated by the morpheme -lile. Perfective aspect expresses an event which is completed and is indicated by the morpheme -ne. Irrealis or unrealise aspect expresses an event which will be carried out in the near future and is indicated by the suffix -nuroi. Adapted from the source document Subject: Morphemes (55350); Aspect (Grammatical) (05100); Suffixes (85500); Roots (Morphology) (74200); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Phonemes (64600) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Aspect Marker in Sihai (Tangkhul) Correspondence author: Singh, Wahengbam Robert   Author e-mail address: Alexluwang4@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 11 Pages: 201-206 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511479 ProQuest document ID: 1718056910 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056910?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Learning a New Language Is Learning a New Culture Author: Parameswaran, Shyinthavy Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 405-415. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055856?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article is intended to explore how language and culture are interwoven and their mutual impact on each other. Language can be viewed as a vehicle for exhibiting world culture. It is a well-known fact that for international peace, unity and harmony, appreciation and recognition of each other's culture is important. Culture may be prone to change, owing to new scientific discoveries, and technological inventions and conceptual innovations the world witnesses, almost every day. Different communities using different languages follow different cultural practices. Adapted from the source document Subject: Language Culture Relationship (42150); Second Language Learning (75850); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Communicative Competence (13650) Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: Learning a New Language Is Learning a New Culture Correspondence author: Parameswaran, Shyinthavy   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 405-415 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201510845 ProQuest document ID: 1718055856 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055856?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Choice in Communication in a Multilingual Setting: A Case Study of a Cross Section of First Year Students of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana Author: Torto, Richard T Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 339-359. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056330?accountid=50982 Abstract: A group of people living and working together in close proximity enforced by an institution like the university communicate with one another both formally and informally. Language is the means of communicating information and it is also the channel of establishing and maintaining relationship with other people. Language is also a medium of meaningful interaction among individuals in a social context (Gregory, 1978). The University of Cape Coast community is multilingual. The population is made up of students and workers drawn from the heterogeneous ethnic regions of Ghana. The linguistic situation is such that many different languages co-exist and individuals speak more than one language. The current study revealed that due to the multilingual nature of the University of Cape Coast various language choices are made in communication. The choice of language also involved a switch from one language to another or the mixing of languages. Adapted from the source document Subject: Cross Cultural Communication (16300); Ghana (28000); College Students (13250); Multilingualism (55650); Language Use (44610); Case Studies (10820) Classification: 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: Language Choice in Communication in a Multilingual Setting: A Case Study of a Cross Section of First Year Students of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana Correspondence author: Torto, Richard T   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 339-359 Number of pages: 21 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511736 ProQuest document ID: 1718056330 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056330?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Arabic in India: Past, Present & Future Author: Rahman, Mukhlesur Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 290-306. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056553?accountid=50982 Abstract: India has been one of the most well-known non-Arab states where Arabic language grew and developed through the different periods; despite the fact it had never been an official language. A thorough study of Indian history suggests that India's first substantial contact with the Arabic language came when the Arab Muslims settled in the western Indian province of Sind. Subsequently, the Arabic language continued to flourish further under the patronage of the Mughal rulers in India. In the Islamic epochs, the usage of Arabic was liturgical. But after the independence of India, non-sacred Arabic gained momentum. Departments of Arabic have been established in many central and state universities considering the demand of the language in different government as well as private sectors in today's globalized world. This paper has made an attempt to analyse the processes and extent of development of Arabic in India since its arrival, indicating career prospects in the days to come. Adapted from the source document Subject: Arabic (03750); India (35100); Language History (42600) Classification: 4910: anthropological linguistics; anthropological linguistics Title: Arabic in India: Past, Present & Future Correspondence author: Rahman, Mukhlesur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 290-306 Number of pages: 17 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511414 ProQuest document ID: 1718056553 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056553?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Morphosyntactic Analysis of Noun Phrase in Manipuri Author: Shougrakpam, Dhanapati11 Department of Linguistics, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal - 795 003, Manipur, India dippi1117@yahoo.co.in Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 244-251. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058009?accountid=50982 Abstract: Morphosyntactic is a term in linguistics used to refer to grammatical categories or properties for whose definition the criteria of morphology and syntax both apply, as in describing the characteristics of words. Crystal (1980:234) Manipuri is a morphologically rich agglutinative language, in which words are inflected with various grammatical functions. The language has no watertight compartment between morphology and syntax: the concept of subject is not so distinct (in other words, subject can be deleted or understood) and different word classes are formed by affixation of the respective markers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Morphology Syntax Relationship (55520); Noun Phrases (59600); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800); Affixes (00750); Agglutinative Languages (01180) Classification: 4312: syntax; syntax-morphology interaction Title: Morphosyntactic Analysis of Noun Phrase in Manipuri Correspondence author: Shougrakpam, Dhanapati   Author e-mail address: dippi1117@yahoo.co.in Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 244-251 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511221 ProQuest document ID: 1718058009 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058009?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Integrating Short Stories in the ESL Classroom for Developing Learners' Communicative Competence Author: Thiyagarajan, K Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 671-678. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058023?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper aims at emphasizing the use of short stories in English language teaching classrooms, for developing students' communicative competence. It also attempts to find out the problems of learning language skills by the tertiary level learners of engineering colleges and offers solutions to overcome those problems. The identified common problems are: learners' lack of interest in their subject, lack of opportunity to speak in the class room and no room for creative writing. In addition to that most students do not have confidence to speak to their peer groups or friends as they come from vernacular medium with less vocabulary stock. Again the existing syllabus given to engineering students for technical English has also widened the gap between students' interest in the subject and their communication skills. Hence this paper attempts to prove that the proper integration of short stories into the syllabus is expected to bridge the abovementioned gap by way of creating interest in their subjects and motivating the learners further and further to acquire all the four skills, i.e., LSRW (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing), which are necessary for effective communication. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Communicative Competence (13650); Literature (49250); Creative Writing (15850); Second Language Writing (76180); Motivation (55580) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Integrating Short Stories in the ESL Classroom for Developing Learners' Communicative Competence Correspondence author: Thiyagarajan, K   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 671-678 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511114 ProQuest document ID: 1718058023 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058023?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Continuing Professional Development (CPD): A Study on Secondary School English Teachers of Assam Author: Rahman, Ataur; Borgohain, Kamala Kanta Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 307-320. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058144?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study aims at uncovering the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) practices of the secondary school 'English' teachers of Assam. A self developed questionnaire, with 36 open-ended items was used for the purpose of this study. The sample of the study consisted of fifty English teachers of class IX and X, selected from thirty purposely selected schools situated in rural and urban areas in Dhemaji district of Assam. The study found nearly forty percent English teachers of Assam attended in-service and ELT training and possessed a professional degree. Most of the teachers' involvement in Conferences/Seminars, publication in English or subscribing any ELT journals, either in print or online and professional associations was found to be very low. Nearly eighty percent teachers did not facilitate Peer Observation or getting Feedback from students without knowing students identity. However, Peer Coaching was practised. The knowledge of internet, more specifically, browsing the net for updating with the global trend of English Language Teaching, was found among less than thirty percent of teachers. Since CPD is a voluntary activity, it is self-initiated. The study concluded that little support in the form of resources could encourage the teachers to take control of their own professional development and formation of subject expert groups at the state and district level, with whom the teachers could communicate, for any learning-teaching problem that might help teachers in their professional growth. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); Teacher Education (87850); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Continuing Professional Development (CPD): A Study on Secondary School English Teachers of Assam Correspondence author: Rahman, Ataur   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 307-320 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Ar ticle Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511098 ProQuest document ID: 1718058144 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058144?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Constraints of Teaching English in Engineering Colleges Author: Vijay, G Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 687-693. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058233?accountid=50982 Abstract: The language that holds a dominant position in the world is the English Language. It has a speedy role in all fields, particularly in the department of education, customer service and human resource. The demand for English is also visible in other domains like politics, international relations, media, communication, and travel. The advancements in Science and Technology have resulted in adding thousands of words to the English dictionary every year. As these innovations are imported from the English-speaking countries, learning English is essential for those who wish to update their knowledge. In the field of Technical Education, all the sources are available only in the English Language. This has forced the learners to learn the language compulsorily. Anna University, Chennai has realized the significance of learning English and has framed the syllabus of Technical English-I and II with specific objectives. These two subjects are taught in the first year engineering program. Various researches have been done on the vitality of the syllabus and on the exact necessity of the students. Many researchers have an opinion that there is no logic in the prescribed contents of the syllabus since they don't help much towards the achievement of the objectives of the syllabus. Apart of from this, the teachers also face many challenges in teaching English for several reasons. This paper makes a study on the challenges faced by the teachers in teaching English in the engineering colleges and concludes with possible solutions. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English for Special Purposes (22300); Curriculum Planning (16780) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Constraints of Teaching English in Engineering Colleges Correspondence author: Vijay, G   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 687-693 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511118 ProQuest document ID: 1718058233 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058233?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Syllable Awareness in Kannada Speaking Children with Cerebral Palsy Author: Selvakumar, Angel Mercy Ruby; John, Sunila; Kanaka, G; Rajashekhar, B Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 1-10. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058250?accountid=50982 Abstract: Syllable awareness is a metaphonological skill that is acquired by children before acquisition of phoneme awareness skills. Its importance has been documented in alphabetic languages where it functions as a predictor of later reading success. However, it has been less researched in alphasyllabary languages with dearth of knowledge in childhood disorders like cerebral palsy. In the present study, the skills of syllable stripping and syllable oddity for words and non-words were studied using the Metaphonological Skills Test (Prema, 1997) in Kannada speaking children with cerebral palsy (n=12) and language-age (> 8 years) matched with typically developing peers (n=30). The findings revealed that performance for syllable stripping and syllable oddity for words was on par for both groups. However, children with cerebral palsy (CWCP) performed poorly on syllable oddity for non-words proving that the ability to engage in overt articulation has an indirect influence on their performance. Adapted from the source document Subject: Syllables (86500); Children (11850); Cerebral Palsy (11525); Kannada (40400); Articulation (04600); Language Acquisition (41600) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Syllable Awareness in Kannada Speaking Children with Cerebral Palsy Correspondence author: Selvakumar, Angel Mercy Ruby   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 1-10 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201512014 ProQuest document ID: 1718058250 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058250?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Speech-language Profile, Neurological Findings and Recovery Patterns Associated with Cerebrovenous Sinus Thrombosis Author: Vandana, V P Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 14, Iss. 12,  (December 2014): 679-686. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058281?accountid=50982 Abstract: Cerebrovenous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare neurological condition which is difficult to diagnose because of the varied neurological presentation. The pattern of speech-language findings and recovery patterns in CVT can be quite different from those seen associated with arterial stroke. In converse to arterial stroke, scarce information exists on the natural history and long-term prognosis of CVT. This is particularly true with respect to the pattern of speech and language deficits associated with this condition. The present study profiles the speech-language and recovery patterns in seven patients with cerebrovenous sinus thrombosis. Adapted from the source document Subject: Voice Disorders (95150); Speech Pathology (82650); Language Impairment (42700); Language Pathology (43250) Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Speech-language Profile, Neurological Findings and Recovery Patterns Associated with Cerebrovenous Sinus Thrombosis Correspondence author: Vandana, V P   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 14 Issue: 12 Pages: 679-686 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2014 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Artic le Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201512020 ProQuest document ID: 1718058281 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058281?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Numerals in Hrangkhawl Author: Debbarma, Surath11 Department of Linguistics, Rabindranath Tagore School of Languages and Cultural Studies, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India debbarmasurath@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 1,  (January 2015): 95-100. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056292?accountid=50982 Abstract: According to Sir G.A. Grierson, 1903, Linguistic Survey of India, Vol-III, Part-III, Pages 181-187, 'Rangkhol are found in Hill Tippera and North-Cachar' The figures are in Hill Tippera 4500 and North Cachar 2400. According to his survey report Hrangkhawl belongs to the Kuki-Chin sub-group of the Tibeto-Burman family. In India Hrangkhawl speakers are found in Tripura, Mizoram, Assam and Manipur. However, the present study will concentrate on the Hrangkhawls of Tripura only. The main objective of the present study is to highlight and analyse the numerals in Hrangkhawl language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Numerals (59950); Tibeto Burman Languages (89800) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Numerals in Hrangkhawl Correspondence author: Debbarma, Surath   Author e-mail address: debbarmasurath@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Pages: 95-100 Number of pages: 6 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511440 ProQuest document ID: 1718056292 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056292?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Comparative Study of Collocation among the Languages Author: Agah, Mehrnoosh1; Soori, Afshin1 Department of Language and Literature, Larestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Larestan, Iran afshin_soori@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 1,  (January 2015): 527-537. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056366?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper presents a comparative analysis Persian and English collocation and its function. The aim of this paper is to study collocation in Persian and English and investigate how collocation is used in Persian and English and what are the differences and similarities between these two languages from this point of view. The paper investigates the different functions of collocation and their use in Persian and English. Collocations are one of the areas that produce problems for learners of English as a foreign language. Iranian learners of English are by no means an exception. Adapted from the source document Subject: Collocations (13280); Persian (63700); English (21900); Comparative Linguistics (13850) Classification: 5112: descriptive linguistics; comparative linguistics Title: Comparative Study of Collocation among the Languages Correspondence author: Agah, Mehrnoosh   Author e-mail address: afshin_soori@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Pages: 527-537 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511526 ProQuest document ID: 1718056366 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056366?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effect of Short Message Service (SMS) on Learning Phrasal Verbs by Iranian EFL Learners Author: Pirasteh, Parvin; Mirzaeian, Vahid Reza Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 1,  (January 2015): 144-161. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058102?accountid=50982 Abstract: Despite the enormous potential of mobile assisted language learning (MALL) in teaching and learning foreign languages, no serious attention has been paid to develop this phase of education at schools and universities in Iran. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of SMS as a subset of MALL on learning phrasal verbs among university students in Iran. Also, the role of gender in learning phrasal verbs by SMS was investigated. A group of 75 students were selected from 90 students who were studying different engineering fields at Arak University of Technology. They were assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups. During the study which lasted 25 days, participants in control group received 25 phrasal verbs in a booklet and participants in experimental group received 25 phrasal verbs via SMS. The pre- and post-test scores of two groups were compared using ANCOVA. The results of data analysis showed that experimental group outperformed control group But there was no relationship between gender and learning phrasal verbs. Adapted from the source document Subject: Phrasal Verbs (65380); College Students (13250); Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Iran (38300); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Effect of Short Message Service (SMS) on Learning Phrasal Verbs by Iranian EFL Learners Correspondence author: Pirasteh, Parvin   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Pages: 144-161 Number of pages: 18 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511154 ProQuest document ID: 1718058102 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058102?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ ESL Instruction Based on Learning Style for the Faculty of Arts First Year Tamil Medium Undergraduates - University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka Author: Iyer, M Saravanapava Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 1,  (January 2015): 306-320. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058209?accountid=50982 Abstract: Among learner factors, one of the most important aspects is age. With this factor there are other factors also which play a significant role in differences in the achievement level of proficiency. There are other factors which are also contributing in differences in the achievement level of proficiency in ESL across individuals. To recognize one part of the solution for learning issues in ESL classrooms relevant to individual variations, this study attempts to examine the role and effectiveness of learning style in the learning process. Having employed the qualitative methodology with participant observation, informal interviews and researcher intervention, the present study found out that the ESL learners have adopted their own learning styles to achieve their required language proficiency level. Adapted from the source document Subject: English Proficiency (22335); Learning Strategies (46000); English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Higher Education (31750); Individual Differences (35390); Cognitive Style (13100); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Tamil (87650); Sri Lanka (83650) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: ESL Instruction Based on Learning Style for the Faculty of Arts First Year Tamil Medium Undergraduates - University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka Correspondence author: Iyer, M Saravanapava   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Pages: 306-320 Number of pages: 15 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511072 ProQuest document ID: 1718058209 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058209?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems Faced in Korean Language Education in Manipur University Author: Iboyaima Singh, L Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 57-67. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055876?accountid=50982 Abstract: Problems of teaching and learning Korean language in Indian context are discussed in this paper. Issues relating to Korean language teaching and learning at the Manipur University are identified and some solutions to solve these problems are suggested. Some contrastive elements between English, Manipuri and Korean are identified. Several problems at the sound level, word level, sentence level and meaning level are identified. Adapted from the source document Subject: Korean (40950); Second Language Instruction (75700); India (35100); Higher Education (31750) Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Problems Faced in Korean Language Education in Manipur University Correspondence author: Iboyaima Singh, L   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 57-67 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201510797 ProQuest document ID: 1718055876 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718055876?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gender in Anal: A Preliminary Investigation Author: Devi, Th Thajamanbi Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 245-255. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056334?accountid=50982 Abstract: Anal is a language as well as name of a community inhabiting the South Eastern, North and Western parts of Manipur and in the border areas of neighboring country like Myanmar. Anal is one of the thirty-three recognized scheduled tribes of Manipur with a total population of 13,853 according to the 2001 census of India. The present paper attempts to describe the gender marking systems in Anal, a Kuki-Chin language mainly spoken in Chandel district of Manipur. Adapted from the source document Subject: Gender (Grammatical) (27100); Sino Tibetan Languages (79100) Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Gender in Anal: A Preliminary Investigation Correspondence author: Devi, Th Thajamanbi   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 245-255 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511442 ProQuest document ID: 1718056334 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056334?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Development of Speech Audiometry Material in Goan Konkani Language Author: Dias, Marissa A1; Devadas, Usha; Rajashekhar, B1 Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 268-280. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056539?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the audiological test battery, speech audiometry plays an important role. It measures an individual's sensitivity to speech stimuli and higher level linguistic activities. To enhance the accuracy of speech audiometry, speech stimuli should be developed and standardized in the native language of an individual. The purpose of this study was to develop speech audiometry material in Goan Konkani language (common to both dialects) which can be used to assess speech identification performance in individuals with hearing impairment. Two lists of phonetically balanced words were prepared based on the frequencies of occurrence of different phonemes in Konkani language. The two word lists developed were found to be effective in discriminating normal hearing from hearing impaired individuals. Test-retest reliability was found to be high. This indicates that the Phonetically Balanced (PB) words developed in this study are consistent enough to be used routinely when establishing SIS in the clinical population. Adapted from the source document Subject: Audiometry (05600); Speech (82350); Hearing (31150); Indic Languages (35300); Phonetics (64850); Frequency of Occurrence (26110); Speech Perception (82700) Classification: 6310: hearing-pathological and normal; hearing-pathological and normal Title: Development of Speech Audiometry Material in Goan Konkani Language Correspondence author: Dias, Marissa A   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 268-280 Number of pages: 13 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511959 ProQuest document ID: 1718056539 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056539?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Dictionary in Assamese and English by M. Bronson: Historical Background and Lexicographic Approach Author: Mahanta, Subasana11 Department of Assamese, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 226-235. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056865?accountid=50982 Abstract: The first printed lexicographic work in Assam is attributed to Dr. Miles Bronson, an American Baptist Missionary, the compiler of A Dictionary in Assamese and English (published in 1864). At the time of arrival of Dr. Bronson in Assam (1837), the language of the land, Assamese, had been banished. It was replaced in the schools of Assam and courts by Bengali. The missionaries saw that the general population of Assam understood only the Assamese language and that this fact should be recognized by using Assamese in all fields. Bronson openly began the agitation in favor of the Assamese language on behalf of the mission. A Dictionary in Assamese and English was a part of the struggle for the survival of the language. This paper aims at giving an account of the first printed lexicographic work in Assam. The paper sets out with an introduction on historical background and linguistic circumstances which prompted Bronson to compile the dictionary followed by an overview of the work from lexicographic points of view. The paper discusses especially the 'macro-structure' of the dictionary. Further, the paper discusses the lexicographic potential that the dictionary intended to fulfill and concludes that in spite of some lapses, this dictionary was Bronson's outstanding contribution to the Assamese language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bilingual Dictionaries (08700); Lexicography (46800); English (21900); Bengali (08200) Classification: 5210: lexicography/lexicology; lexicography Title: A Dictionary in Assamese and English by M. Bronson: Historical Background and Lexicographic Approach Correspondence author: Mahanta, Subasana   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 226-235 Number of pages: 10 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511642 ProQuest document ID: 1718056865 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718056865?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ RIP RP: In Search of a More Pragmatic Model for Pronunciation Teaching in the Indian Context Author: Choudhury, Anindya Syam11 Department of English, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India anindyasyam@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 1-11. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057895?accountid=50982 Abstract: With the growth in the use of English the world over, and a subsequent increase in the number of English speakers whose first language is not English, the pronunciation needs and goals of learners have undergone great changes. This is true of the Indian scenario as well, where the acquisition of 'native-like' pronunciation does not seem to be a hallowed aim any longer. What most learners are striving for is a kind of 'neutral' intelligible English pronunciation, free from those influences of their first language that hamper clarity when they speak English. However, when it comes to teaching pronunciation the Indian teacher willy-nilly has to follow the Received Pronunciation or R.P., a model which is waning in influence even in its birth place, England. One reason for this, of course, is that this variety is described well in various textbooks and pronouncing dictionaries. This paper would delve into and examine this dichotomous situation of the 'model' to follow in the Indian context, and drawing on research on pronunciation and pronunciation teaching would try to show why Standard Indian English Pronunciation (SIEP) could be considered a more viable model than RP. Adapted from the source document Subject: Pronunciation Instruction (68560); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Received Pronunciation (71750); Indian English (35150) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: RIP RP: In Search of a More Pragmatic Model for Pronunciation Teaching in the Indian Context Correspondence author: Choudhury, Anindya Syam   Author e-mail address: anindyasyam@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-11 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511062 ProQuest document ID: 1718057895 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057895?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Effect of Short Message Service (SMS) on Iranian EFL Learners' Attitude toward Learning English Author: Pirasteh, Parvin1; Mirzaeian, Vahid Reza1 Department of English Language, College of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran Pirastehp@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 113-131. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057941?accountid=50982 Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of SMS on participants' attitude toward learning English, A group of 75 students were selected from 90 students who were studying different engineering fields at Arak University of Technology. But 38 students took part in the whole study. Data analysis using paired T-test showed the positive effect of SMS on participants' attitude toward learning English. Also, the relationship between gender and participants' attitude toward learning English by using SMS was investigated. Data analysis using ANOVA repeated measure revealed no relationship between gender and participants' attitude toward learning English by using SMS. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Learning (22130); Student Attitudes (84725); Computer Mediated Communication (14353); Computer Assisted Language Learning (14210); Text Messaging (89165); College Students (13250) Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The Effect of Short Message Service (SMS) on Iranian EFL Learners' Attitude toward Learning English Correspondence author: Pirasteh, Parvin   Author e-mail address: Pirastehp@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 113-131 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511153 ProQuest document ID: 1718057941 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057941?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Evaluation of Two ESP Textbooks for Students of Engineering: Merits and Demerits Author: Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad1; Moghadam, Ali Safayee1 Arak Education (Department 2), Ministry of Education, Iran Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 201-225. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057952?accountid=50982 Abstract: Concerning the development of English for specific purposes (ESP), huge quantities of textbooks have been published for different fields of specialization. Presently, almost all undergraduates in the Iranian higher educational system must pass an obligatory course in ESP. Consequently, due to the importance of textbooks as one of the basic elements in curriculum and the essential role of textbook evaluation and lack of any systematic research on the effectiveness of current ESP textbooks in Iranian universities, this study attempted to evaluate two ESP textbooks on 'Engineering', one of which has been written by SAMT (The Center for Studying and Compiling University Books in Humanities) and the other one by Cambridge University Press. To this end, a very detailed checklist, which shared most of the features of seven well-known checklists, was used to evaluate different sections of textbooks critically. Nevertheless, the results of the present study indicated that SAMT ESP textbook did not have expected effectiveness and usefulness. Cambridge ESP textbooks had them more satisfactorily. Furthermore, it was found that most undergraduates do not have a clear understanding about what ESP is. Adapted from the source document Subject: English for Special Purposes (22300); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Language Textbooks (44300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Evaluation of Two ESP Textbooks for Students of Engineering: Merits and Demerits Correspondence author: Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 201-225 Number of pages: 25 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511087 ProQuest document ID: 1718057952 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718057952?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Essentials for Differentiated English as Second Language (ESL) Instruction Author: Iyer, M Saravanapava Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 176-200. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058099?accountid=50982 Abstract: In most of the English as a Second Language classrooms input is supplied without considering and understanding learners by the teachers due to the administrative pressure and teachers' ignorance. On many occasions, the task of the educational administrators is merely completing the syllabus before the end of the semester/year in order to conduct the semester-end examination/year-end examination without considering the quality of the outcome. Therefore, the effectiveness of the classroom input becomes questionable and in this particular situation, the achievement rate of the learners frequently indicates the insufficient proficiency level in any basic skills. In reality, it is an acceptable fact that every learner is unique in the classroom and their approach to language learning differs across individuals. Thus the classroom teaching system needs to be remodelled to cater to these learners' requirements. In order to provide adequate and appropriate insightful ideas, this article attempts to discuss some major facts pertinent to the differentiated instruction; therefore it chiefly aims to focus on how teachers can successfully investigate some major learner factors (internal/external) before they embark on to implement their teaching programme and also how successfully they can implement differentiated instruction. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Essentials for Differentiated English as Second Language (ESL) Instruction Correspondence author: Iyer, M Saravanapava   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 176-200 Number of pages: 25 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511073 ProQuest document ID: 1718058099 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058099?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Linguistics: An Aid to ELT in Indian Contexts Author: Srishti, Richa11 GLA University, India rsrishti@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 143-156. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058205?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is larger than any of the communities in which it is used. The members of these communities need to be fully aware of the international linguistic resources at their disposal. One positive and natural outcome of this unique state of affairs is that no one can even think today about who owns the language or try to restrict its many varieties. In the multilingual context of India, English adds a unique and distinct colour. Used extensively in communication, trade, business, media, technology, education, etc., it really has a purpose-bound presence and does not operate in vacuum. Many institutions of higher learning provide special training to improve English language communicative skills. Yet majority of the students lack proper communicative competence in English. Companies that come for campus recruitment look for students who are articulate in their conversations. Experts believe that students in India face problems in campus recruitment or interviews because of poor spoken English. Poor spoken English is the result of inadequate development of language skills, its major reason being mother-tongue-influence (MTI). This article discusses various methods of teaching English to non-native speakers of English and lists various grammatical errors committed and changes in structures in the speech of Indian speakers of English. Suitable remedial actions are also suggested relating to various levels of language: phonetics, morphology, sentence and semantics. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); English as a Second Language Teaching Methods (22144); Communication (13600); India (35100) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Linguistics: An Aid to ELT in Indian Contexts Correspondence author: Srishti, Richa   Author e-mail address: rsrishti@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 143-156 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511109 ProQuest document ID: 1718058205 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058205?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Comparative Study of English Language Teaching in English and Non-English Medium Secondary Schools/Colleges from Grade 8 to Grade 12 in India Author: Shende, Sanjay N Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 2,  (February 2015): 157-175. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058237?accountid=50982 Abstract: A lot of research has been conducted in India and abroad on the impact of medium of instruction (MI) on academic achievement as well as learning English as a second language. But the researches reveal divided opinions on the issue. Apart from medium, there can be other factors that play significant roles in the teaching-learning process of English language. This research attempts to compare the teaching process in English and Non-English medium secondary schools and junior colleges in India from grade 8 to grade 12. It aims to find out differences in these two sets of schools regarding teaching process with variables like language of instruction, comprehension of learners, use of audio visual aids, teaching skills, proficiency of teachers, etc. To realize the objectives, a survey study was conducted with randomly selected fifty-six teachers of both medium schools. The instrument used for the study was a self-designed questionnaire face-validated by two experts having considerable experience in empirical research. The findings of the study suggest that English Medium School Teachers' (EMST) use of English as a MI as well as for giving general instruction is more than the use of English by the Non-English Medium School Teachers (NEMST). Learners' level of comprehension after using English is higher in English medium schools. Secondly, teaching skills as well as proficiency of EMST in English are found better than the skills of the NEMST. But there are no statistical differences between both the types of schools regarding availability and use of audio-visual aids and their idea of final objectives of teaching. Adapted from the source document Subject: English Proficiency (22335); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Language of Instruction (43180); India (35100); Secondary Education (76300) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Comparative Study of English Language Teaching in English and Non-English Medium Secondary Schools/Colleges from Grade 8 to Grade 12 in India Correspondence author: Shende, Sanjay N   Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 157-175 Number of pages: 19 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-10-01 Accession number: 201511105 ProQuest document ID: 1718058237 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1718058237?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Review of English Language Education of Jaffna Tamils Author: Rajashanthan, Sivagowri Sivagurunathan11 English Language Teaching Centre, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 4000, Sri Lanka gowrijaff@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 194-213. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640271?accountid=50982 Abstract: Whatever feeling one may have about the rule of British in Sri Lanka, most of us must accept the fact that they had left behind a legacy, which many of us utilize today to know more and more about various things ranging from scientific knowledge to the present day affairs of the world at large and that legacy is the English Language. The historical circumstances of Sri Lanka, being governed by the British in the first quarter of the last century, afforded Sri Lankans easy access to master the English Language. In the past, many Sri Lankans were skilled in the English Language that they even won many international awards for their creative works in English and there were times when Sri Lankans boasted of their ability to speak the Queen's Language with accurate pronunciation when even the British couldn't do. The objective of this paper on 'A Review of English Language Education of Jaffna Tamils' is not only to explore the distinctive historical and cultural aspects of English language education in a mono lingual society of the Northern part of Sri Lanka but also to emphasize that how English language education brought radical changes among Jaffna Tamils linguistically. A descriptive method is carried out in this research paper. This paper describes the slow and steady growth of English language Education in the Northern part of Sri Lanka with its unique socio linguistic features which also contributed to the development of English language education in Sri Lanka. Adapted from the source document Subject: English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Sri Lanka (83650); Tamil (87650); Pronunciation (68500) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Review of English Language Education of Jaffna Tamils Correspondence author: Rajashanthan, Sivagowri Sivagurunathan   Author e-mail address: gowrijaff@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 194-213 Number of pages: 20 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201513187 ProQuest document ID: 1735640271 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640271?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Different Types of Priming on Picture Naming in Preschool Children Learning Phonics Author: Pawan, S1; Dashika, G M; Satish, K1 Dr. M. V. Shetty College of Speech and Hearing, Malady Court, Kavoor, Mangalore 575015, Karnataka, India pawansmys@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 158-165. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640275?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare the lexical, phonemic and syllabic priming on picture naming in pre-schoolers who were exposed to phonemic teaching method with those exposed to alphabetical teaching method and the obtained data was statistically analysed using paired sample t test to compare the mean reaction times for naming with different types of priming. Responses from within the group and across the groups were compared using independent sample t test. The mean reaction times for naming in lexical priming, syllabic priming and phonemic priming were 1.267sec, 1.47sec and 1.41sec with a mean error of 7.1, 4.2 and 9.3 in alphabet teaching group respectively, whereas for phonemic teaching group the mean reaction time taken to name the picture for lexical priming, syllabic priming and phonemic priming were 1.24sec, 1.33sec and 1.38sec with a mean error of 5, 5.1 and 7.2 respectively. Even though the phonemic teaching group performed better, there was no significant difference between the groups for reaction times of naming with syllabic, phonemic or lexical priming and number of errors according to the results of independent sample t test. Adapted from the source document Subject: Priming (67670); Lexical Access (46630); Naming (56135); Response Time (Psychology) (73130); Language Acquisition (41600); Language Teaching Methods (44100); Preschool Children (67350); Phonics (64900) Classification: 4111: applied linguistics; native language instruction Title: Different Types of Priming on Picture Naming in Preschool Children Learning Phonics Correspondence author: Pawan, S   Author e-mail address: pawansmys@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 158-165 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201512838 ProQuest document ID: 1735640275 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640275?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Perceptions of Teachers towards Active Learning through Peer Teaching and Peer Assessment Author: Farooq, Omer1; Zeshan, Amir; Hafeez, Abdul; Ul Hassan, Mehmood1 Department of English, The University of Lahore, Pakpattan Campus, Pakistan omerchishti@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 149-157. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640663?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current study was to explore teachers' perceptions towards active learning through Peer teaching and Peer assessment. Target population was Teachers of Punjab, Pakistan while data were collected from 62 teachers in District Pakpattan by adopting random sampling. The response received were analysed on SPSS version 17 quantitatively. The results revealed that teachers had significant value to take up active learning through peer teaching and assessment for the students. They have responses show that this type of technique should be adapted and research also provided suggestions for Government of Punjab and National Accreditation council for Teacher educators to provide professional Training for the Teachers. Adapted from the source document Subject: Second Language Teachers (76120); English as a Second Language Instruction (22120); Peers (63170); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Perceptions of Teachers towards Active Learning through Peer Teaching and Peer Assessment Correspondence author: Farooq, Omer   Author e-mail address: omerchishti@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 149-157 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201513161 ProQuest document ID: 1735640663 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640663?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Inter-lingual Homophone Retrieval in Younger Adults Author: Rajalekshmi, S1; Satish, K; Rao, T A Subba1 Dr. M.V. Shetty College of Speech and Hearing, Maladi Court, Kavoor, Mangalore, Karnataka, India srajalekshmi1990@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 166-174. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640789?accountid=50982 Abstract: For decades there has been a debate as to whether bilinguals are like two monolinguals within the same individual or they share the same lexicon. Is language representation in the brain shared or are they absolutely separate is still being researched. Inter-lingual homophones are words that have identical phonology across languages but different meanings. These provide a real challenge to a bilinguals' and multilinguals' recognition system. Studies have been done on the inter-lingual homophone retrieval ability in Hindi-Kannada bilinguals. The present study investigates the language of dominance and its pattern in Hindi-English bilinguals and multilinguals using inter-lingual homophones. Data was collected from 40 participants who were bilinguals. Twenty paired-words which consisted of inter-lingual homophones were used as stimulus. Result shows that the retrieval of the meanings of the inter-lingual homophones is superior in their native languages (L1) in younger adults. Those who learn different languages other than L1 exhibits equal proficiency in L1 and L2. The study has its implications in the assessment, diagnosis and the intervention planning programs for younger adults. Adapted from the source document Subject: Homophones (32550); Bilingualism (08850); Phonology (65250); Brain (09350); Language Proficiency (43570); Lexicon (47150); Monolingualism (54850) Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Inter-lingual Homophone Retrieval in Younger Adults Correspondence author: Rajalekshmi, S   Author e-mail address: srajalekshmi1990@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 166-174 Number of pages: 9 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Sc holarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201512806 ProQuest document ID: 1735640789 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735640789?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Urdu or English as Official Language - Perceptions and Preferences of Students and Teachers Author: Naseem, Perveen1; Ul Hassan, Mehmood; Saman, Asma; Sajid, Samia1 University of Lahore, Pakpattan campus, Pakistan perveenshadch@yahoo.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 273-280. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735641778?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current study aims to explore the preferences and perceptions of the teachers and students towards Urdu and English as an official language. In a multilingual country like Pakistan, this preference varies from one family to another, one society to another society and from one region to another. A sample population was taken from different schools and colleges of District Pakpattan. Data was collected from 30 teachers and 70 students through a Questionnaire by applying simple random technique. The study reveals that in spite of the fact that Urdu is the National language of Pakistan, students and teachers preferred English language as an official language. Adapted from the source document Subject: Official Languages (60500); Student Attitudes (84725); Teacher Attitudes (87840); Hindi (31950); English (21900); Pakistan (62200); South Asian English (80810); Sociolinguistics (80200); National Languages (56300) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Urdu or English as Official Language - Perceptions and Preferences of Students and Teachers Correspondence author: Naseem, Perveen   Author e-mail address: perveenshadch@yahoo.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 273-280 Number of pages: 8 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201514410 ProQuest document ID: 1735641778 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735641778?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The 'Cultural Legacy' of English in Bangladesh Author: Begum, Tasnim11 Faculty of Languages and Translation, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia emailtotasnim@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 239-252. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735641957?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper assesses the status and efficacy of English in Bangladesh in the 21st century. The question it attempts to answer is: Why and how is English retaining its dominion and dissemination in Bangladesh in the 21st century? Crystal (1997: 69) propounds that the question, 'Why World English?' can be best explicated by a socio-cultural analysis of the growth and manifestations of English in particular contexts. Drawing upon this postulate of a very prominent linguist of this age, I would, in this paper, argue that the existence of English in Bangladesh in the 21st century gives evidence of its indomitable persistence due to its functional legacy in the social-cultural milieu in Bangladesh. Adapted from the source document Subject: Bangladesh (07450); Language Policy (43450); Sociolinguistics (80200); English as an International Language (22200) Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: The 'Cultural Legacy' of English in Bangladesh Correspondence author: Begum, Tasnim   Author e-mail address: emailtotasnim@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 239-252 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201514370 ProQuest document ID: 1735641957 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735641957?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Evolution of Human Language: Limitations of Cotemporary Approaches and Comparison of Minimalist Principle (Chomsky) and the Integration Hypothesis (Miyagawa) Author: Nehal, Mohammad1; Afzal, Mohammad1 Department of English, Sabour College, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Sabour 813210, Bihar, India md.nehal2012@rediffmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 1-14. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735642131?accountid=50982 Abstract: The evolution of human language has puzzled linguists, biologists and psychologists, as its relevance is also professionally important for clinicians and neurologists. Much that has been learnt about speech and audition and their evolutionary homology with the ancestors, language remains unique and an internal asset exclusively of modern man, different from so-called communication. It is largely an abstract computational cognitive system which is unique with a universal grammar which is a tool for generating thought. In that sense, it is a human faculty of recent evolution some 100,000 years ago. The central characteristics of this faculty is the 'merge' principle which produces a set from the subsets, say, a and b, as (a, b). This set is further having feature of displacement which has a different outcome. This basic structure is then roped with atoms of concepts, so-called words, which then carry the complete meaning. This is called the strong minimalist principle (SMP) of Chomsky which has a great scope for solving the so-called language puzzle for the linguists In yet another attempt to improve the merge origin of human language, Miyagawa, et al. (2013, 2014) have put forward a recent Integration Hypothesis which takes the human language to consist of two structures_viz expression and lexical one each of which is unique to the bird and the monkey respectively and in man has come together in one place.. The present article outlines both the views and suggests some insights from biological perspective (evo-devo approach) to reach the possibility of empirical validation of the evolutionary linguistics. Adapted from the source document Subject: Human Evolution (32793); Origin of Language (61550); Linguists (48250); Chomsky, Avram Noam (12200) Classification: 5122: descriptive linguistics; language origins Title: Evolution of Human Language: Limitations of Cotemporary Approaches and Comparison of Minimalist Principle (Chomsky) and the Integration Hypothesis (Miyagawa) Correspondence author: Nehal, Mohammad   Author e-mail address: md.nehal2012@rediffmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-14 Number of pages: 14 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Schol arly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201513998 ProQuest document ID: 1735642131 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735642131?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Critical Discourse Analysis of the Protesters' Language Author: Begum, Gulnaz11 Foundation University Rawalpindi, Pakistan tiamalik5@gmail.com Publication info: Language in India  Vol. 15, Iss. 3,  (March 2015): 85-95. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735642517?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current study is conducted for presenting a critical discourse analysis of the mob's language that assembled to record protest against gas and electricity shortage. They have blocked the main Airport road in the cantonment area near the army house in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. For this study, data was collected by non-participant observation method and field notes were also taken for additional support. However, selective ways of expression such as slogans, banners and placards, conversation among the protesters and their distinctive linguistic choices for the two security forces (military and police) are taken for critical discourse analysis to identify their ideologies. This critical discourse analysis of research data elucidates that protesters exhibited their views by placards slogans, and associated themselves with the political parties and security forces by choosing in-group and out-group linguistic choices. Adapted from the source document Subject: Critical Discourse Analysis (16200); Slogans (79530); Conversation (15600); Language Usage (44600); Ideologies (33850); Pakistan (62200) Classification: 4610: discourse analysis/text linguistics; discourse analysis Title: Critical Discourse Analysis of the Protesters' Language Correspondence author: Begum, Gulnaz   Author e-mail address: tiamalik5@gmail.com Publication title: Language in India Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 85-95 Number of pages: 11 Publication year: 2015 Country of publication: India ISSN: 1930-2940 Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Update: 2015-12-01 Accession number: 201513602 ProQuest document ID: 1735642517 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1735642517?accountid=50982 Last updated: 2016-09-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Brajavali Form of Early Assamese and Early Maithili: A Contrastive Study Author: Mahanta, Subasana, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2015): 60. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819287?accountid=50982 Abstract: The role of Brajāvalī diction in the languages used in medieval Indian Vaiṣṇava literature has been significant. This is not a language spoken in any region; it is a literary form comprising elements of various languages prevalent in different regions of Northern India --- Nepal, Orissa, Bengal and Assam were written in this form. However, regional differences of this form have also been evident. This paper is an attempt to make a contrastive study of Assamese Brajāvalī form and early Maithilī. The study shows that the differences are more than the similarities between early Maithilī and Assamese Brajāvalī. It arrives at a conclusion that Assamese Brajāvalī is a different language form than the early Maithili. Subject: Literature; Literary language; Historical text analysis; Indic languages; Language history; Contrastive analysis Location: Bengal India Nepal Classification: 5123: descriptive linguistics; language history Title: Brajavali Form of Early Assamese and Early Maithili: A Contrastive Study Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 6 First page: 60 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Jun 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794819287 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819287?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language or Life-force: What It Takes to Be a Language Teacher? Author: Sinha, Sweta, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2015): 208. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824387?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is one of the most important cognitive faculties that man possesses. Without language man is more dead than alive. It is an essential component in effective personality building especially in case of young language learners. The role of elementary language teachers becomes very important due to this. The teachers needs to free themselves with any type of prejudice and need to give the freedom of expression in whatever language the child chooses as the first step towards language education. The emphasis should be to inculcate the spirit of confidence and proficiency in the first language/ mother tongue. Once this is achieved then teaching a target language becomes an easy job. The paper highlights some of the steps that a language teacher can undertake in order to excel in the task of language teaching at elementary level. Subject: Personality; Second language instruction; Second language teachers Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Language or Life-force: What It Takes to Be a Language Teacher? Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 6 First page: 208 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Jun 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794824387 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824387?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching English as Second Language: An Evaluation of TESL Practices in Indian Context Author: Kaur, Birinder, MA, MPhil, PhD; Kaur Bhangu, Jap Preet Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2015): 23. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825868?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper attempts to unfold the various TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) practices followed in Indian classrooms. It would also aim to mark a vivid distinction between the understanding of L1 also known as mother tongue, and L2 or second language. The paper would attempt to reflect the various challenges and difficulties witnessed by the non native learners of English language. Through this paper, the authors would attempt to clearly define what exactly the term TESL reflects in its truer sense, what are the aims and objectives behind designing of such courses and which methodologies are usually adopted in the Indian Classroom teaching of English. There would also be an effort to hint on the current scenario and the gaps that exist in the effective implementation of ESL (English as a Second Language) and how those gaps may be filled by following certain effective strategies at the end of the language teachers thereby contributing to the enhanced proficiency levels of the learners. Subject: English as a second language teaching methods; Second language teachers; English as a second language instruction Location: India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching English as Second Language: An Evaluation of TESL Practices in Indian Context Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 6 First page: 23 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Jun 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794825868 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825868?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bubhutsa: An Anthology of Essays in Telugu on Language Development and Planning, Computer Applications and Methods and Evaluation of Language Teaching Author: Kumar, Pammi Pavan Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2015): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819180?accountid=50982 Abstract: This volume contains research articles on language development and planning, use of computer applications and methods and evaluation of language teaching. The papers present detailed data from Telugu, an ancient classical as well as modern Dravidian language, which may be ranked as Number 2 in India in terms of the number of people speaking this language. The contribution of Telugu language and literature to both Dravidian and non-Dravidian Indian languages is enormous, through its varied innovations in poetic forms and extensive religious and secular literature. Linguistic nuances of Telugu as well as methods of language teaching are discussed. Subject: Telugu; Language teaching methods; Computer applications; Second language instruction; Computer assisted language learning Location: India Classification: 4112: applied linguistics; non-native language instruction (languages other than English) Title: Bubhutsa: An Anthology of Essays in Telugu on Language Development and Planning, Computer Applications and Methods and Evaluation of Language Teaching Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 7 First page: 1 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Jul 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloo mington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794819180 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819180?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Form and Function of Code Mixing in Marathi Author: Ahire, Milind M, MA, SET, PGCTE, PGDTE Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2015): 189. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824378?accountid=50982 Abstract: English has been a dominant feature of daily communication. In a multilingual country like India, English works as a connecting thread among people of different linguistic backgrounds. It proves to be a helping hand to anyone who does not share the linguistic code used in other states. English is so merged in our languages that it seems nearly impossible to use any state language without words from English. Sociolinguistics has a wider scope in a multilingual setting like India. Code mixing and code switching as sociolinguistic terms seem natural in such a multilingual setting. Nevertheless, analysing language use in such a setting is an enriching experience for those who are interested in sociolinguistic study. The present paper explores the issue of code mixing as a sociolinguistic device and discusses formal and functional aspects of code mixing in specific relation to Marathi. Subject: Indian English; Marathi; Sociolinguistics; Language use; Code switching Location: India Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: Form and Function of Code Mixing in Marathi Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 7 First page: 189 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Jul 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794824378 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824378?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Word List in Tulu Language to Assess Speech Production Skills in 3-8 Year Old Tulu Speaking Children - A Preliminary Study Author: Shetty, Parinitha P, MASLP; Prabhu, Shwetha, PhD; Meghna, A K, MASLP; Rao, T A Subba, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2015): 197. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825826?accountid=50982 Abstract: In a multi-lingual country like India where every language has its own phonological system, there is a need for language specific articulation test. Although in recent times there has been increasing awareness among parents for early intervention in children with articulation problems within the regional areas of the nation, the availability of articulation tests in the regional languages is very limited. The present study makes a preliminary attempt at developing an assessment tool to assess the articulatory skills of Tulu speaking children, who form a significant population in South India. Word list was developed based on familiarity rating and was administered on 50 children, aged 3-8 years. The target speech sounds were embedded in words which were presented in picture form to elicit responses from the participants. The responses were analysed qualitatively and in terms of production accuracy across age groups. Subject: Articulation; Children; Familiarity; Speech production; Word lists; Language tests; Native language acquisition; Speech sounds Location: India Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Word List in Tulu Language to Assess Speech Production Skills in 3-8 Year Old Tulu Speaking Children - A Preliminary Study Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 7 First page: 197 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Jul 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794825826 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825826?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Learning English by the 12th Standard Assamese Medium Students of Barpeta District, Assam, India Author: Mallik, Nazrul Islam Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2015): 133. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819290?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is no denying the fact that English occupies a place of prestige not only in our society, but also in every nook and corner of the globe. In our country, no indigenous language however has come up to replace English, either as a medium of communication or as official language. The knowledge of English gives us a high social status in general and enables us to establish intellectual, cultural, economic, commercial and political relation with the rest of the world. After all, its knowledge is regarded essential in almost all the branches of learning as well as for most of the people under the sky. In spite of such positive aspect and response, how many of the students have good command over English is a question of great importance. Though a limited number of students get satisfactory marks in the examination, they cannot use English in their practical life. Subject: Social class; English as a second language learning; Secondary school students Location: Assam India Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: A Study on Learning English by the 12th Standard Assamese Medium Students of Barpeta District, Assam, India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 8 First page: 133 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Aug 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794819290 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819290?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Countering Culture Shock in Bangladeshi EFL/ESL Classroom Author: Nessa, Vikarun, MA; Nayeem, Mohammad Abu, MA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 9,  (Sep 2015): 63. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824734?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article aims at presenting a connection between second language learners and their native cultures. In this regard, a text must represent history, traditions and values of the respective culture. This article also focuses on creating a historical and cultural consciousness among second language learners of English about their glorious past. To serve this purpose a text that showcases the glorious past of Bangladesh is explored, The Raincoat by Akhtaruzzaman Elias. In this text the historical past of the glorious liberation war of Bangladesh is explored. Making such connections is more significant in countries like Bangladesh or those which were colonized by the British. It becomes significant to make such connections in countries where two modes of education exist - one in the native language and other in English, as in many multilingual countries. Due to the difference in the curriculum, learners not only learn texts in a different language, but at the same time, might lose touch with their own culture and history. To make learners aware of this fact a common thread is needed. This can be achieved by adding a translated text written in the native language in the curriculum. Using this type of texts is also going to reduce the effects of culture shock or alienating factor that second language learners often face, due to the huge cultural gap between their native culture and the culture of their texts. This article also offers a scope for the use any text that creates cultural and historical awareness among second language learners. Subject: Cultural factors; English as a second language instruction Location: Bangladesh Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Countering Culture Shock in Bangladeshi EFL/ESL Classroom Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 9 First page: 63 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Sep 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794824734 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824734?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Sep 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Languages of Manipur in the Fast Changing Globalized World Author: Devi, Naorem Brindebala; Singh, Yashawanta Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 10,  (Oct 2015): 87. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824728?accountid=50982 Abstract: There are many languages in the world. But it is not confirmed yet the exact number of the languages. In Manipur itself, there are three language families: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian and Tibeto-Burman. Manipuri, the lingua-franca of Manipur, is included in the Tibeto-Burman language family, besides the 33 tribal languages. It is an Eighth Schedule language which is used as a medium of instruction in schools and colleges. Some tribal language are in the status of using as a medium of instruction from standard 1 to graduate level where they are taught as an elective subject. However, social development and globalization have made a great impact on these languages. Various loan words related to computer, mobile phones, internet, cable TV and readymade phrases and sentences etc. are used with native languages with their respective verbs as an impact/effect of IT and various networks development which are the agents of globalization. It let the cultures exchanged throughout the world, translation, being the means. Globalization gives an opportunity of changing the languages but it needs care to develop the mother tongue as well as nativize it side by side. Subject: Borrowing; Globalization; Indic languages; Sino Tibetan languages; Tibeto Burman languages; Language of instruction Classification: 4122: applied linguistics; bilingualism, multilingualism, bilingual education Title: Languages of Manipur in the Fast Changing Globalized World Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 10 First page: 87 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Oct 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794824728 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824728?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Oct 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Exploring Higher Secondary Students' Perceptions for the Implementation of Task-Based Language Teaching in the English Classroom in Assam Author: Choudhury, Anindya Syam, PhD, PGDTE, CertTESOL; Dutta, Anupam, MA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 10,  (Oct 2015): 35. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825873?accountid=50982 Abstract: There is no gainsaying that the traditional methodologies used for the teaching of English in India in general and Assam in particular are basically teacher-centred ones, which fail to enable learners to become communicatively competent. This situation obviously calls for an overhauling of the English language pedagogy in India, with a view to adopting a methodology which is learner-centred and has been found to be effective in enabling the learners in developing communicative competence. In this context, the authors of this article carried out a research to find out the feasibility or otherwise of implementing task-based language teaching methodology, a contemporary offshoot of the much-hallowed learner-centred communicative language teaching, in the English language classroom at the higher secondary in Assam. This article reports the findings with regard to the perceptions of higher secondary students regarding the appropriateness of task-based language teaching in the context mentioned above. Subject: Communicative language teaching; Secondary education; Communicative competence; Secondary school students; English as a second language instruction; Student attitudes Location: Assam India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Exploring Higher Secondary Students & apos; Perceptions for the Implementation of Task-Based Language Teaching in the English Classroom in Assam Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 10 First page: 35 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Oct 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794825873 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825873?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Oct 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Significance of Motivation in the ESL Classroom Author: Kondal, Bonala, MA, PGDTE Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 12,  (Dec 2015): 70. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794818278?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper proposes to shed light on how to establish and manage an effective and successful language classroom in terms of learners' motivation in accordance with the fact that teachers are presently expected to be informed enough to be able to pilot their teaching, satisfying various requirements of different learners. It is designed to explore the significance of motivation in ESL learning and the factors that might affect learners' motivation in language learning context from a theoretical perspective. Motivation is a very significant and effective element in the realm of second language learning. To be precise, motivation has a direct effect on both quality as well as quantity of language learning. It is based on Gardner's (1982, 2010) socio-educational model of second language acquisition. Thus, the language teachers and researchers would discover, realize and pay attention to the whole personality of their learners. It also provides a brief discussion and a few valuable inferences and suggestions for practicing teachers and researchers in the field of English language teaching. Subject: Personality; Motivation; Second language teachers; Learning environment; English as a second language instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Significance of Motivation in the ESL Classroom Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 12 First page: 70 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Dec 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794818278 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794818278?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Dec 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Language of Advertising in the Ghanaian Print Media Author: Torto, Richard T, MPhil, BA(Hons), DipEd Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 12,  (Dec 2015): 186. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819244?accountid=50982 Abstract: Advertising takes many forms, but in most of them language is of crucial importance (Vestergaard & Schroder 1985). Language has a powerful influence on people and the way they behave. This fact manifests in many human endeavours including the fields of marketing and advertising. Language is employed in advertising as a means of communicating specific information with the intention of influencing or persuading the consumer. Although visual images and design as well as audio techniques in advertising have a great effect on the consumer; nevertheless, it is language that enables people to identify a product and remember it. The language of advertising is normally very positive and it emphasizes why one product stands out in comparison with another. Commercial information in advertising is designed to entice the reader to explore the product or service being offered in greater detail. Advertising language is a style of immediate impact and rapid persuasion. The current study analyzed the use of the English language in advertisements in the Ghanaian print media. The method of the study was basically qualitative and the analysis of data was based on Fairclough's (1972) three-dimensional model. The study revealed that the English used in advertising in the print media in Ghana is characterized by the use of rhetorical figures, tropes and grammatical items which serve as persuasive elements. Subject: Advertisements; English; Reading; Persuasion; Mass media; Qualitative analysis; Rhetorical figures Location: Ghana Classification: 5513: interpersonal behavior and communication; mass media/advertising Title: The Language of Advertising in the Ghanaian Print Media Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 12 First page: 186 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Dec 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794819244 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819244?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Dec 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English: A New 'Basic Skill' of 21st Century Globalized Civil Society Author: Pawar, Gautami; Nikam, Sandip J, MA, BEd, SET, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 12,  (Dec 2015): 203. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824703?accountid=50982 Abstract: We are living in the globalized 21st century, and the world has become a global village. English is the language of this world village. It is estimated that there would be around 2 billion users of English by the end of this decade. It is the age where interviews are being conducted on the telephone and the internet, and the Exams like IELTS and TOFEL are also being conducted online. Smartphones, tablets, I-pads and different gadgets are seen now everywhere. This paper is an attempt to throw some light on the status of English as a global language. Moreover, we shall take a review of the present status of English in India and refer to the question of how English has become a language of 'basic skills', as well as the major language of communication in today's globalized world. Subject: Telephone; Internet; Interviews; 21st century; Globalization; English as an international language; Cross cultural communication Location: India Classification: 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: English: A New & apos; Basic Skill & apos; of 21st Century Globalized Civil Society Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 12 First page: 203 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Dec 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794824703 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794824703?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Dec 2015 Last updated: 2018-10-09 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Verb Morphology in Kisan Author: Kujur, A K, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 12,  (Dec 2015): 92. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825795?accountid=50982 Abstract: The empirical evidence of morphological complexities in Kisan language indicates the formations of verb in finiteness, causation and passivization. It highlights some salient properties of Kisan as a language of Dravidian family. A complex variety of inflectional markings in verb morphology provides a subtle identity to the language. Non-Dravidian language changes in Kisan language are the outcomes of its contact situation with the neighbouring languages belonging to Indo-Aryan and Austro-Asiatic language families. Subject: Verbs; Inflection (Morphology); Finiteness; Morphological complexity; Morphological analysis; Indic languages Classification: 4510: morphology; morphology Title: Verb Morphology in Kisan Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 12 First page: 92 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Dec 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794825795 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825795?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Dec 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bilingualism: A Test of MLF Model Author: Priya, D Padma, MSc Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 12,  (Dec 2015): 135. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825820?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bilinguals are defined as individuals or groups of people who obtain the knowledge and use of more than one language .Bilingual profile may change over time. Code switching and code mixing are two linguistic phenomena that are most rampant and common modes of interaction among bilingual speakers. The study aims to investigate the patterns of Language mixing in Typically Developing Telugu-English Bilingual Children. Thirty Children with an age range of 6-7 years participated in the study. Picture description and Narration task were used. Analysis was done using Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF). Results revealed that there was no difference in performance between boys and girls. However, language mixing was more in girls. On comparison of tasks, it was observed that instances of code mixing were greater than code switching. Language mixing was observed to be more in narration task. The study contributes to a better understanding of language mixing and the differential use of language behaviour in bilingual children. Code switching and code mixing can also explain speaker's language preference. Subject: English; Bilingualism; Children; Telugu; Code switching Classification: 4026: psycholinguistics; bilingual language processing Title: Bilingualism: A Test of MLF Model Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 12 First page: 135 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Dec 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholar ly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794825820 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825820?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Dec 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Critical Analysis of the General English Prescribed for the Undergraduate Level First Year Students in Satavahana University, Telangana State Author: Babu, Adi Ramesh Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 15, Iss. 12,  (Dec 2015): 10. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825824?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language teaching and learning has been always a difficult job. Text books play an important role in language learning. In view of the importance of English as a target language in Telangana State, the syllabus of General English for undergraduate level students has been changed during 2013-2014. The paper traces out how the present General English text book for undergraduate level first year students in Satavahana University makes it dull to be learning a language. It critically brings out how the book does not encourage the learners to improve communication skills in English language as it has not attracted the undergraduate level students. Subject: English as a second language instruction; Higher education; Language textbooks Location: Telangana India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Critical Analysis of the General English Prescribed for the Undergraduate Level First Year Students in Satavahana University, Telangana State Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 15 Issue: 12 First page: 10 Publication year: 2015 Publication date: Dec 2015 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794825824 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825824?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Dec 2015 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teacher Beliefs and Teaching Methods as Causal Factors in Student Reticence in English Language Laboratory Author: Jaipal; Vishwanathan, M R Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 1,  (Jan 2016): 216. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1793916774?accountid=50982 Abstract: Learner reticence is a real and much discussed problem in the ESL classroom; one interesting though rarely talked about phenomenon is the adoption of teaching practices and teacher beliefs that lead to silence and non-participation among learners. To a lesser extent it may be argued that the materials in use may also have their own contributory role to play in the (n0n)-learning process. This paper argues that teacher attitudes, beliefs, and practices militate against attempts by learners to acquire spoken English. Subject: Beliefs; Language attitudes; English as a second language teaching methods; Teacher attitudes; Second language teachers; English as a second language instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teacher Beliefs and Teaching Methods as Causal Factors in Student Reticence in English Language Laboratory Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 1 First page: 216 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jan 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1793916774 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1793916774?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jan 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Discourse Analysis of Learner-controlled Culture-related Episodes in Undergraduate English as an L2 Classroom in Assam, India Author: Doley, Sarat Kumar Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2016): 222. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819148?accountid=50982 Abstract: The primary objective of this paper is to present an analysis of the moments of constructed cultural understanding achieved by the spoken interactions in which the learners take the initiative in classroom discourse. The data presented here is part of a study conducted on an advanced-level English as an L2 course at North Lakhimpur College, Assam. The study was primarily on the integration of culture teaching and language teaching in the teaching of L2. This paper is an attempt at an analysis of those culture-related episodes or moments of cultural discourse which were created by the interaction among the learners themselves in which the role of the instructor was relatively non-participatory or less participatory in nature. Subject: Elementary education; Cultural instruction; Second language teachers; Language culture relationship; English as a second language instruction; Discourse analysis; Classroom communication Location: India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: A Discourse Analysis of Learner-controlled Culture-related Episodes in Undergraduate English as an L2 Classroom in Assam, India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 2 First page: 222 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Feb 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794819148 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819148?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Place of Grammar in English Language Teaching Author: Khansir, Ali Akbar, PhD; Pakdel, Farhad, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2016): 140. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819176?accountid=50982 Abstract: Aim of this paper is to discuss Place of Grammar in English Language Teaching. English Grammar as one of subjects in English setting always plays a good role in helping students of English language in order to have better understanding of their language. Today, the role of English grammar in teaching children at their schools should not be neglected even in England schools, because, grammar represents the students' linguistic competence. The pupils who speak and learn English language should know English grammar in order to use of the English rules to get better meaning of words and sentences in their language. Language is used as one of the important features of human life in order to help human beings to communicate with other people in their society; grammar is a key to their understanding of verbal communication, and grammar helps people understand their selves and how to communicate. In this study, the methods of English teaching grammar will be examined in detail: Deductively and Inductively, with focus on form, and focus on meaning. Thus, this paper examines briefly Descriptive and Prescriptive grammars. Subject: Grammar instruction; English as a second language instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Place of Grammar in English Language Teaching Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 2 First page: 140 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Feb 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794819176 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819176?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Constructivism in Teaching Foreign Language's Drama - Teaching Method for Second Language's Students Author: Sutjiati, Rita; Ningsih, Tri Wahyu Retno; Budiwaty, Suci Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2016): 190. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825789?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching classic drama appreciation needs certain strategy. English classic drama manuscript and absurd genre of it creates its own difficulties to the learners. This research uses constructivism method to teach classic drama to the students as the second language learners. Constructivism approach in teaching drama was chosen because of the uniqueness. This approach got the main orientation about how the knowledge was managed in the student's thoughts. The result of this research showed that by playing drama, students as both players and playgoers, were succeed doing interaction and communication. They were active enough to spread the ideas, emotion, feel, punctuality and adaptation. Using the constructivism approach, they could use any chance to practice two important things in learning language process, which were receptive and productive. Students could play as both characters and playgoers as well. They also could deeply contribute to a drama performance. Subject: Drama; English as a second language teaching methods; English as a second language instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Constructivism in Teaching Foreign Language & apos; s Drama - Teaching Method for Second Language & apos; s Students Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 2 First page: 190 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Feb 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794825789 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794825789?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Ignoring Language Curriculum in Designing Syllabi: A Case Study of Universities in Haryana Author: Amrita Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2016): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819291?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper discusses various aspects of English language curriculum adopted and used in the universities of Haryana. Haryana, a wealthier state of North India, which is said to have second highest per capita income, one of the largest producer of food grains and milk; with SEZ sectors like Gurgaon, Faridabad, Sonepat, Panipat which are rapidly emerging as major hub for IT, automobile industry, education, handloom industry and refinery -- is expanding vigorously. It has one Central University situated in Mahendergarh, and eleven State Government Universities located in Kurukshetra, Sirsa, Sonepat, Murthal, Rohtak, Hisar, Faridabad. English Departments in the State Universities of Haryana are largely English Literature teaching departments. A detailed survey of models of curriculum in general and the syllabi followed in the Universities in Haryana are presented. Subject: Curriculum planning; English as a second language instruction; Higher education Location: Haryana India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Ignoring Language Curriculum in Designing Syllabi: A Case Study of Universities in Haryana Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 3 First page: 1 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Mar 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794819291 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794819291?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Phonetics in the Teaching of English Language Poetry Author: Khansir, Ali Akbar, PhD; Pakdel, Farhad, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2016): 263. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837596?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper investigates the role of phonetics to the teaching of English language poetry in English language teaching classroom. One of the best ways of the teaching English poetry can be used through phonetics. What we should remember is that phonetics is a branch of linguistics, and thus it has central role in linguistics subject. Therefore, linguistics is the scientific study of language. A good knowledge of phonetics is very useful for English literature learners. In other words, the teaching of poetry along with phonetics rules in ELT classroom provides the English language learners the opportunity to appreciate language. The phonetics of a language can be viewed as a sound system of this language. Any scientific study of a language can be viewed as a theory of the structure of the language. There is, in fact, every language has a special system in understanding of the language. Note that the relationship between English literature and English linguistics can be considered as a bridge in order to develop learner's knowledge of his language. However, by raising English language learners awareness of system of English phonetics can help the learners to understand better how use of their language. In this study, application of phonetics to the teaching English poetry and the effect of phonetics on English literature are investigated and therefore, several conceptions of phonetics and poetry are discussed. Subject: Phonetics; Literature; Poetry; English as a second language teaching methods; English as a second language instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Role of Phonetics in the Teaching of English Language Poetry Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 3 First page: 263 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Mar 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837596 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837596?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems Faced by the Teachers of a Large Class in Imparting Writing Skills at the Tertiary Level Author: Devi, B Ramya, MA, PGDTE, (MPhil) Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2016): 165. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837962?accountid=50982 Abstract: In India, the greatest challenge in the field of English language teaching remains the teaching of language skills. It is indeed surprising that after studying English for 12-15 years, the students fail to correctly express themselves in writing. This paper discusses the role of classroom size in second language teaching, problems confronted by a language teacher in imparting writing skills and possible solutions. Subject: Second language writing instruction; Higher education; English as a second language instruction Location: India Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Problems Faced by the Teachers of a Large Class in Imparting Writing Skills at the Tertiary Level Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 4 First page: 165 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Apr 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837962 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837962?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Socio-Cultural Contexts of Recent Loan Substitutions in Kokborok Author: Debbarma, Sheela, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2016): 227. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837995?accountid=50982 Abstract: Kokborok is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tripura and parts of Bangladesh. The basic vocabulary is Tibeto-Burman, descended from a common Sino-Tibetan stock. Additionally the language has acquired a substantial stock of Indo-Aryan loans adopted through several centuries of cultural contact with the Bengali speaking population of the region. Several terms denoting new ideas and objects have been borrowed from Indo-Aryan, with modifications coming through native speech habits. Some words from foreign sources have also been acquired through Bengali. Historically this tendency has been part of the older process of cultural assimilation. However, in recent times there has been a tendency to find native equivalent for borrowed terms and the substitution of those terms in literary usage. The present paper shall endeavour to analyse the processes and also relate them to changing socio-cultural relations and altered paradigms. Subject: Bengali; Borrowing; Language contact; Social factors; Indic languages; Sino Tibetan languages; Tibeto Burman languages Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: The Socio-Cultural Contexts of Recent Loan Substitutions in Kokborok Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 4 First page: 227 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Apr 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837995 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837995?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teaching of English Grammar in India - Are We Sailing in the Same Boat? Author: Samanta, Sugata, M A, M Ed Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 5,  (May 2016): 265. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837853?accountid=50982 Abstract: For centuries, importance and place of grammar teaching in second language learning has been a topic of hot debate. In the past centuries, language learning had almost been synonymous with grammar learning. However, at the beginning of 1970, the interest of "real language" teaching emerged and more interest was taken in the social and cultural teaching of language. Consequently, it proved to be a shift from audio-lingual and grammar translation methods to the exploration of the communicative teaching of language. Current theories of L2 learning, however, suggest that an explicit knowledge of grammar is important in a number of respects. Naturally, Indian classrooms are also influenced by those developments regarding grammar teaching. This article is an attempt to explore the real classroom situations of the Indian subcontinent in relation to teaching ESL grammar Subject: Cultural instruction; Grammar instruction; English as a second language instruction Location: India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Teaching of English Grammar in India - Are We Sailing in the Same Boat? Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 5 First page: 265 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: May 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837853 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837853?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Anxiety over EFL/ESL Oral exam/test Performance: A View from Language Classrooms at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Sindh, Pakistan Author: Mari, Nargis, MS Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 5,  (May 2016): 275. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837861?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study was conducted in order to highlight second/foreign language classroom anxiety over EFL/ESL oral exam/test performance at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Study was based on quantitative approach. Participants of the study were 227 students, who were selected randomly. Students were given a questionnaire to answer, adopted by Horwitz and Cope (1987) based on five point Likert Scale. Scale is basically designed to measure Communicative Apprehension, Test/Exam Anxiety and Fear of Negative Evaluation, while in this study in order to measure oral Exam/Test performance, the second portion of the Scale "Test/Exam Anxiety" was followed. Moreover the findings of the study concluded that a moderate level of anxiety was prevalent among undergraduates of MUET firstly. Secondly, findings of the study concluded that MUET undergraduates have moderate level of anxiety worrying how they could achieve good grades in each exam. Consequently findings of the study also direct us towards affective assessment of learners at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Subject: Anxiety; Surveys; Quantitative analysis; English as a second language tests; College students; Student attitudes Location: Pakistan Classification: 4114: applied linguistics; language testing and assessment Title: Language Anxiety over EFL/ESL Oral exam/test Performance: A View from Language Classrooms at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Sindh, Pakistan Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 5 First page: 275 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: May 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837861 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837861?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ English Language as a Panacea Author: Sriprabha, M; Sankar, G Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 5,  (May 2016): 248. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837953?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language is really a Panacea. English language is so vitally important because it is spoken in so many parts of the world. Businesses, educational domains, academic domains, and even realms that deal with security all use English as a language of communication. In a practical sense, one could survive without English, but with the globalized nature of the world and commerce, knowledge of English is quite essential. In terms of the appreciation of language and literature, knowledge of English is extremely important in understanding some of the best writings offered. This is not to say that other languages do not possess the same amount of introspection and talent. Far from it. Yet, the knowledge of English could help to open many professional and literary doors. Language is the only way by which they can express our emotions, thoughts, desires ideas, feelings etc. English is that language which is spoken by many people. English is an International language. Subject: Business English; English as an international language; Cross cultural communication Classification: 5516: interpersonal behavior and communication; cross-cultural communication and behavior Title: English Language as a Panacea Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 5 First page: 248 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: May 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837953 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837953?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Research Methodology for Contact Languages Author: Shandilya, Maansi Shashank Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 5,  (May 2016): 129. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837958?accountid=50982 Abstract: The typological study of emerging contact languages brings in ambiguities and challenges. This paper explores the several methodological issues that emerged in the study of contact Hindi. It goes a step ahead and proposes solutions to these issues. In fact, the paper has designed a methodology that was developed during research work on contact Hindi in North East India. This methodology can be used for research on contact languages in general. The present paper states several reasons for requiring a specific methodology for studying contact languages. It also states that in order to achieve Labov's observer's paradox the fieldworker has to adopt a methodology that aims to elicit random narrations in order to tap natural features of an emerging contact language. This paper is of high relevance in absence of any specific methodology for working on contact languages. Subject: Hindi; Language contact; Language typology; Research design Location: India Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Research Methodology for Contact Languages Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 5 First page: 129 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: May 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Lite rature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837958 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837958?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Typological Characteristics of Liangmai Language Author: Daimai, Kailadbou, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 5,  (May 2016): 18. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837994?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper investigates the typological perspective of Liangmai, a language of the Tibeto-Burman family which is spoken in the states of Manipur and Nagaland in the northeastern region of India. The language has SOV type of word order. The goal of the present paper is to examine the typological characteristics of the language in the light of Greenberg's principles of language universals and see the features it attests to as a verb final language. Subject: Word order; Language universals; Language typology; Tibeto Burman languages Location: India Classification: 5410: language classification; typological classification Title: Typological Characteristics of Liangmai Language Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 5 First page: 18 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: May 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1794837994 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1794837994?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of Interactive Media in the Spread of English Language in the World: A Language Policy Perspective Author: Shah, Sabreena, MA, MS; Lohar, Shoukat A, MA, MS Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2016): 133. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490684?accountid=50982 Abstract: English has become a global language of communication. In human history English is the fastest spreading language. English is spoken at useful level by approximately around 4 to 6 billion people worldwide. In 21st century Social media is playing a great role in spread of English. This is the reason this study took place. Therefore, this paper is going to explore certain areas which define the role of social media in spreading English and secondly it discusses about the positive and negative impacts of social media on skeleton of English Language. Usage of words on face book like "unfriend" and "selfie" is the new addition to the dictionary of English. On the other hand, people are writing their languages' words in format of English alphabets like "Main parh raha hu" (I am studying) here alphabets used are English letters but words are of Urdu. By critically analyzing the role of social media in spread of English it could be said that spread of English through social media is obvious but on other hand it is damaging the purity of English language or in good words it is bringing changes in English. However, the spread of English through social media is uncontrollably questionable. Subject: Sociolinguistics; Globalization; English as an international language; Language usage; Language policy Classification: 5612: sociolinguistics; language usage Title: The Role of Interactive Media in the Spread of English Language in the World: A Language Policy Perspective Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 6 First page: 133 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jun 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829490684 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490684?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Numerals in Zeme Author: Chanu, Sapam Sangita, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2016): 189. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488189?accountid=50982 Abstract: The goal of the present paper is to describe some of the morpho-syntactic aspects of numerals in Zeme (mainly focus on the language spoken in Tousem sub- division of Tamenglong district of Manipur). Zeme is one of the endangered languages of North East India which is mainly spoken in Tousem sub-division of Tamenglong district, Tadubi sub-division of Senapati district of Manipur, Peren district of Nagaland and Dima Hasao District of Assam. Linguistically, Zeme belongs to the Kuki-Naga section of the Kamarupan group of the Baric sub-division of Tibeto-Burman family of languages (Matisoff, 2001). As in many other Tibeto-Burman languages, numeral system in Zeme is mainly of the decimal type; however, the vigesimal system is also found in the language from numerals twenty/20 to twenty-nine/29. Structurally, numerals in the language can be categorized into seven major types viz. (i) cardinals (ii) ordinals (iii) fractional (iv) multiplicative (v) distributives (vi) restrictive and (vii) approximates. Syntactically, the numerals usually follow the head nouns as in other SOV languages. Subject: Numerals; Endangered languages; Morphology syntax relationship; Tibeto Burman languages Classification: 4312: syntax; syntax-morphology interaction Title: Numerals in Zeme Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 7 First page: 189 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jul 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Jou rnals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829488189 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488189?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Adjectives in Nambashi Author: Devi, Heisnam Kenny, MA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2016): 120. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488200?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper intends to investigate the way how adjectives are formed in Nambashi and their various kinds. Nambashi is the name of the language as well as the name of the community who speaks the language. It is one of the dialects of Tangkhul language. Adjective is a small part of the study of the whole language but it may lead to the various word formation processes and also the structure of the language and the relationship with other Tibeto-Burman languages. The techniques involved for the study are the set of questionnaires followed by interview and the analysis of the data collected. Subject: Dialects; Adjectives; Word formation; Tibeto Burman languages Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Adjectives in Nambashi Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 7 First page: 120 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jul 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829488200 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488200?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Development of Thinking Skills During Language Teaching Using Literature: An evaluation of Gillian Lazar's Literature and Language Teaching: A Guide for Teachers and Trainers (1993) Author: Joseph, Sindhu, MA, MEd Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2016): 237. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488212?accountid=50982 Abstract: Nowadays, English is a commonly used medium of communication in India. The language is considered a convenient means to deal with the linguistic diversity of our nation and the cultural diversity of our world. According to Vijayalakshmi and Babu (2014), English language teaching in India is no more a colonial legacy. The authors illustrate how globalization has ensured that the acquisition of English language is more a matter of convenience rather than imperialism. Gone are the days when English language was perceived as situated in the British cultural context. Today, English is accepted as a global language with various usages pertaining to different cultures. Besides, the framework of English language teaching in India has shifted from being literature based to skill-based (Majumdar, 2010; Vijayalakshmi & Babu,2014). That is, the focus of teaching English is not to familiarize the students with only the British culture or the ability to appreciate literary texts. English literature is taught with a view to developing language and thinking skills (Majumdar, 2010). Subject: Literature; Globalization; Colonialism; Cultural differences; Language diversity; Cultural instruction; Language usage; Cultural factors; English as a second language instruction Location: India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Development of Thinking Skills During Language Teaching Using Literature: An evaluation of Gillian Lazar's Literature and Language Teaching: A Guide for Teachers and Trainers (1993) Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 7 First page: 237 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jul 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829488212 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488212?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Speech-Language and Audiological Profile of Cornelia De Lange Syndrome: A Case Report Author: Chowdhury, Kamalika, MASLP; Keshree, Nirnay Kumar, MASLP; Pathak, Ayushi, BASLP Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2016): 81. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488247?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study aims toward delineating the speech, language and hearing difficulties in a case of 'Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS)'. Pediatrician's diagnosed the child by observing the phenotypic characteristics, like syndactyly in left leg, tongue tie (repaired), kyphoscoliosis, bushy eyebrows, long philtrum, small stature, small head size, history of delayed eruption of teeth and delayed language and motor developmental milestones. Pedodontic's surgically corrected the ankyloglossia and reported that the lower incisors were missing congenitally with only the canines and molars being present at this point of time. Psychological evaluation revealed borderline mental retardation, along with presence of autistic-like behavior, by administration of tests like ABC, CARS and VSMS. Speech and Language Analysis conducted via formal (REELS, PAT, Dr. Speech) and informal (PCC & GRBAS) protocols depicted delay in language development (with expression being inferior to comprehension), misarticulation (substitution and distortion errors), severely affected speech intelligibility, and severe hoarse vocal quality. Lastly, a comprehensive audiological evaluation (PTA, Immitance Audiometry & BERA), showed presence of mild conductive hearing loss. These myriad findings are the first of its kind to be documented from Central India, and such information will aid us in gaining a better understanding about multidisciplinary diagnosis and management options for CdLS. Subject: Audiometry; Intelligibility; Comprehension; Children; Diagnosis; Audiology; Delayed language acquisition; Mental retardation; Hearing disorders; Voice quality; Language tests; Speech tests Classification: 6410: language-pathological and normal; language and speech pathology Title: Speech-Language and Audiological Profile of Cornelia De Lange Syndrome: A Case Report Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 7 First page: 81 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jul 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829488247 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488247?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gendering of Language and the Challenges of Globalization: A Sociolinguistic Account of Bengali Women's Linguistic Patterns in 21st Century Kolkata Author: Dutta, Chandrabali Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2016): 53. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490659?accountid=50982 Abstract: Gendered language, which is defined as a symbolic device that limits the activities of one sex, but not those same activities of the other, actually spreads and reinforces sex role stereotypes and thus complements the existence of sexism in a society. At the dawn of 21st century when everything in our society is undergoing rapid changes due to the immense influence of modernization and globalization, language still acts as a catalyst for gender discrimination. Today globalization is on everyone's lips. It has not only referred to the expansion of global linkages, the organization of social life on a global scale but also to the growth of a global consciousness. However, while it has become a central lens through which social scientists have reframed old questions of last couple of decades, researchers working on 'gender-language interface' have been slower to do so. And now when sociolinguists are increasingly recognizing that the phenomenon of globalization has implications for patterns of language use, linguistic variation and change, it is also evident that even in this global era each language has inherent in it expressions that are indicative of society's differential treatment for women, which is on the whole negative. Due to the acute dearth of substantial research in gender-language interface in India or more specifically in Kolkata, the primary aim of this paper is to investigate society's bias against women with evidence from an Indian language, i.e., Bengali. The paper will focus on how in a patriarchal country like India, in spite of numerous socio-cultural transformations, language acts as a tool of coercion as well as it is internalized as part of learning to be a woman, imposed on women by societal norms and in turn keeps them in their place. Given this backdrop, this article attempts to show how over time, with the rapidly changing culture of our society language in general and Bengali language in particular facilitates the construction and reinforcement of gendered identity of educated Bengali women (18-25 years, 30-45 years) in Kolkata. Moreover, special thrust is given on how despite the introduction of several gender-neutral vocabularies in recent times, gendered linguistic practices continue unabated till date. Subject: Sociolinguistics; Globalization; Stereotypes; Bengali; Sexism; Females; 21st century; Language use; Language culture relationship; Self concept Location: Kolkata India Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Gendering of Language and the Challenges of Globalization: A Sociolinguistic Account of Bengali Women's Linguistic Patterns in 21st Century Kolkata Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 7 First page: 53 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jul 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829490659 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490659?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2016 Last updated: 2018-10-09 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Literature Review of the Theories of Learning and Varieties of Learning with Emphasis on Second Language Acquisition Author: Kumar, E Suresh; Nazneen, Shahana Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2016): 218. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490705?accountid=50982 Abstract: Learning is an activity that the human mind engages in a life-long process. Learning is experiencing something new. Psychologists have tried to identify and explain the process of learning through several theories. A majority of theories have been proved and therefore been very influential in enhancing the learning process. Some of the theories continue to attract attention in the field of educational research even today. Theories of learning a language have become even more important in today’s world where every individual is trying to learn a new language in order to improve his/her career prospects. English has emerged as a leading language of correspondence around the world. It is the second most popular language. One out of every five individuals speak English. Irrespective of educational or cultural background, people in a multicultural and multi lingual setting such as India, English is spoken or understood by people in some form or the other. Acquisition of English as a second language has become more important with the growth of opportunities in the education and employment sectors. In such a scenario it is essential to know how learning takes place and what are the different varieties of learning. This paper seeks to present the various leading theories of language acquisition and list the varieties of learning methodologies that can be useful in the field of education. Subject: Multilingualism; Psychology; Language acquisition; Second language learning theories Classification: 4113: applied linguistics; non-native language learning (languages other than English) Title: A Literature Review of the Theories of Learning and Varieties of Learning with Emphasis on Second Language Acquisition Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 7 First page: 218 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jul 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article, Literature Review ProQuest document ID: 1829490705 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490705?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Developing Communicative Efficiency in Speech - The Style of Anna in Tamil Author: Walling, Pangersenla, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2016): 94. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829516798?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is a typically human phenomenon. In moving from the 'natural being' of animal existence to the 'cultural being' of human existence, language plays a decisive role. Language gives a sense of identity to an individual as well as social group and, in the process, creates multiple identities. The maintenance, merger, clash and change in identities based on and reflected in the language change has prompted linguists, philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists and political scientists to study language in its multifarious dimensions. Since economic and societal planning have to, of necessity, take into account the context of planning, there is no wonder that worldwide attention has been drawn towards language planning now. Subject: Politics; Tamil; Language planning; Cultural identity; Language culture relationship Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Developing Communicative Efficiency in Speech - The Style of Anna in Tamil Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 7 First page: 94 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Jul 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article Document feature: Photographs ProQuest document ID: 1829516798 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829516798?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2016 Last updated: 2017-05-11 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Numeral System in Thadou Author: Haokip, D Mary Kim Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2016): 68. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488257?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper aims to discuss the nature of numeral system in Thadou, a Kuki-Chin language of the Northern Kuki-Chin group of the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken mainly in the north-eastern part of India including Manipur, Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Tripura and some parts of the neighbouring country, Myanmar by 2000,000 speakers approximately. Thadou, like other Kuki-Chin languages follows the decimal system of counting. The numbers from 1 to 10 have separate lexical item and follow a monomorphemic pattern. From 1 to 19, the numeral system of Thadou is purely decimal. The higher numerals are formed by different processes like additives, multiplicatives etc. Numerals in Thadou can be classified into: cardinals, ordinals, fractional,multiplicative and approximates. Numerals in Thadou are adjectives and they follow the head noun as in other SOV languages. Subject: Numerals; Tibeto Burman languages; Sino Tibetan languages Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: Numeral System in Thadou Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 8 First page: 68 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Aug 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829488257 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829488257?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Speech, Language and Communication Acquisition in Two Adult Hearing Impaired Speakers with Congenital Onset of Bilateral SN Hearing Loss and Body Level Hearing Aid - A Descriptive and Comparative Analysis of their Mother Tongue: A Preliminary Report Author: Gayathri, S G, MSc Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2016): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490717?accountid=50982 Abstract: In India numerous Congenital Sensori-Neural (S N) Hearing loss cases were and also are professionally fitted with body level hearing aid. This is followed by oral approach in speech and language therapy along with auditory training and main stream integration or with admission to deaf schools. But, studies in speech and language in Indian languages concerning this population are very limited. In this study we undertake large data samplings from two different types of congenital long term trained hearing loss in Kannada language from their natural conversation and narration. From the results of analyses we describe their typical speech and language characteristics. A few advantages and drawbacks of such an approach in the context of present technological advancements and the past scenario are discussed. This paper has marked retrospective perspective after long term aurally aided auditory, oral-speech and language training, and normal integration approaches. It also has it's relevance until these types of hearing aids are disbursed. Efficacy of communication in natural conversation and narration appears significantly dissimilar in multi linguistic levels between such two types of congenital bilateral SN loss who wear body level hearing aid. Subject: Deafness; Kannada; Speech; Conversation; Hearing aids; Native language; Hearing disorders; Language therapy Classification: 6310: hearing-pathological and normal; hearing-pathological and normal Title: Speech, Language and Communication Acquisition in Two Adult Hearing Impaired Speakers with Congenital Onset of Bilateral SN Hearing Loss and Body Level Hearing Aid - A Descriptive and Comparative Analysis of their Mother Tongue: A Preliminary Report Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 8 First page: 1 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Aug 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomingt on Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829490717 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490717?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Morphological Study of Baiga Kinship Terminology Author: Boruah, Deepa Moni Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2016): 21. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490738?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper attempts to explore the existing kinship terminology system of Baiga tribe, a particularly vulnerable tribe of central India. The study examines the morphological patterns of Kinship terms of Baigani language, the native language of Baiga, and a highly endangered language of India. The Baiga tribe is patrilineal tribe and they allow marriage between a man and his immediate relations of his mother's side. The study reveals that classificatory system of Kinship prevails in Baiga. It has been noted that suffix plays an important role in differentiate gender in Baigani language. In the relationship terms of Baigani language, it is observed that Baiga people use adjectives like /bəɼka/, /məʒula/ and /nan/ meaning elder, middle and younger with root words to differentiate the age. These adjectives are used in the case of brothers, sisters, Father's brother, Father's sister, Mother's brother and Mother's sister to distinguish age in the relation. Reduplication is found to be another important morphological feature in Baiga Kinship terms and the reduplicate is most often repeated only once. Subject: Reduplication; Morphology; Suffixes; Adjectives; Siblings; Endangered languages; Kinship terminology Location: India Classification: 5218: lexicography/lexicology; terminology Title: A Morphological Study of Baiga Kinship Terminology Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 8 First page: 21 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Aug 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistic s, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1829490738 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1829490738?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Role of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety in Majoring and Non-majoring English Language Learners: A Comparative Study Author: Nargis, Mari; Ali, Lohar Shoukat Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 9,  (Sep 2016): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1845695644?accountid=50982 Abstract: The current study was conducted to investigate foreign language classroom anxiety among students who are studying English as their major subject and those who are studying English as their non-major subject. Three components of anxiety as communication apprehension, test anxiety, fear of negative evaluation were measured. Participants of the study were 23 students from Institute of English Language and Literature University of Sindh Jamshoro, studying as majoring subject and 23 students studying as non-majoring subject from Department of Public Administration, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan. Students took part in the study voluntarily and were provided a questionnaire adopted from Horwitz & Cope (1986) on Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety based on five point Likert scale. The result of the studying indicates majoring learners more effected by foreign language classroom anxiety in comparison of non-majoring learners. Subject: Anxiety; English language learners; English as a second language learning; College students; Student attitudes Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Role of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety in Majoring and Non-majoring English Language Learners: A Comparative Study Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 9 First page: 1 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Sep 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1845695644 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1845695644?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Sep 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Diffidence as the Intruder of Communication in English among Students of Vernacular Medium in Tamil Nadu Author: Sreela, B; Hema, R Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 9,  (Sep 2016): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1845695821?accountid=50982 Abstract: It is impossible to question the all-pervasive role of English language in India. English is the lingua franca and most importantly the official language of the country where the legislation is framed in English. In such a scenario, it is good for everyone in India to have some knowledge of English in order to understand and convey at least basic day-to-day communication. Student-Centered Learning strengthens student motivation, promotes peer communication, reduces disruptive behaviour, builds student-teacher relationships, and promotes active learning and responsibility for one's own learning. This paper aims at identifying the inhibitions that students from vernacular medium of education encounter at collegiate level education institutions and also proposes solutions for the same using different type of teaching methods. Subject: Motivation; Student teacher relationship; Colloquial language; English as a second language teaching methods; English as a second language instruction; Classroom communication Location: Tamil Nadu India Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Diffidence as the Intruder of Communication in English among Students of Vernacular Medium in Tamil Nadu Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 9 First page: 1 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Sep 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1845695821 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1845695821?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Sep 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Collaborative Learning through Language Games in ESL Classroom Author: Saha, Sujay Kumar; Singh, Smriti Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 10,  (Oct 2016): 180. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861933564?accountid=50982 Abstract: Today's students would become tomorrow's successful leaders. So they must develop 21st-century collaboration skills. Collaborative learning is the most efficient way to help students to attain these skills. Methods and approaches are changing day by day according to learners' need in the field of Teaching English as Second Language from traditional to communicative one. Nowadays collaborative learning approach is of increasing interest to English Language teachers. Collaborative learning can occur in the contemporary discussions of a small group, problem-solving activities, and face-to-face & virtual game settings. Collaborative learning through language games aims at developing collaborative skills, while also maintaining the individuality of learners. The target of collaborative learning is shifting from a mere teacher-student interaction to the role of peer relationship (Johnson, 1981) and implies learner-centered instruction. This paper tries to highlight how collaborating learning can be implemented in English as Second language classroom through language games. Language games provide context for learning and make it interesting for learners. The variety and intensity that games offer may lower anxiety (Richard-Amato, 1988) and encourage shyer students to take part (Uberman, 1998), especially when games are played in small groups. Language games help the learners not only to attain collaboration skills but also to develop language skills. Subject: Anxiety; Collaboration; English as a second language teaching methods; Cooperative learning; Problem solving; Classroom communication; English as a second language instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Collaborative Learning through Language Games in ESL Classroom Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 10 First page: 180 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Oct 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1861933564 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861933564?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Oct 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Linguistic Approach to Evaluation of Technical Words among UG Third Year Students of Government Arts College in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu Author: Shanmugam, P; Subramanian, V M Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 10,  (Oct 2016): 159. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861935149?accountid=50982 Abstract: Technical writing requires clarity of expression and therefore simplicity of language. Technical words are an integral part of a discipline. The knowledge about them enriches and helps one to distinguish it among various disciplines of language. Writing, in a clear and concise manner makes not only understanding the text easier for the reader, but also makes his life as a writer of technical documentation easier .One of the good things about technical writing is that one really can learn to improve. This study is designed to investigate the perfection in usage of technical words like Native words, jargon words, business words, and scientific words among EFL learners' writing comprehension from a scheme of theoretical perspective. The sample consisted of 40 students studying in government arts college of Coimbatore. This article aims to provide a linguistic approach in technical words to improve writing skills of students. Subject: Comprehension; Terminology; English as a second language learning; Academic discourse; College students; Second language writing; Scientific technical language Location: Tamil Nadu India Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: A Linguistic Approach to Evaluation of Technical Words among UG Third Year Students of Government Arts College in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 10 First page: 159 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Oct 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United S tates, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1861935149 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861935149?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Oct 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Some Inputs for Draft National Education Policy 2016 Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 10,  (Oct 2016): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861939674?accountid=50982 Abstract: India has always accorded high importance to education. The Education System which was evolved first in ancient India is known as the Vedic system. The ultimate aim of education in ancient India was not knowledge, as preparation for life in this world or for life beyond, but for complete realization of the self. The Gurukul system fostered a bond between the Guru & the Shishya and established a teacher centric system in which the pupil was subjected to a rigid discipline and was under certain obligations towards his/her teacher. The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. The University of Nalanda, or the Nalanda Mahavira as it was known at the time, established in 4th century BCE, was one of the world's first great universities in the world. In its heyday, in the 7th century AD, Nalanda University had some 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers. The subjects taught at Nalanda University covered diverse fields of learning covering science, astronomy, medicine, and logic as diligently as they applied themselves to metaphysics, philosophy, Samkhya, Yoga-shastra, the Veda, and the scriptures of Buddhism and foreign philosophy. Transcending ethnic and national boundaries, Nalanda University attracted pupils and scholars from China, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Persia, Turkey and other parts of the world. Indian scholars like Charaka and Susruta, Aryabhata, Bhaskaracharya, Chanakya, Patanjali and Vatsayayna and numerous others made seminal contribution to the world knowledge in such diverse fields as mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, medical science and surgery, fine arts, mechanical and production technology, civil engineering and architecture, shipbuilding and navigation, sports and games. During the freedom struggle, several leaders like Gokhale, Ram Mohan Roy, Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya and Gandhiji worked for better education for the people of India. The concern for the improvement of education had been at the top of India's development agenda since independence. Several commissions were appointed by the government of India from time to time to formulate policies and programmes required to enhance access to and participation in education and improve quality of education. Prominent among them include: the University Education Commission (1948-49), the Secondary Education Commission (1952-53), the Education Commission (1964-66), and the National Commission on Teachers - I & II (1983-85). The Resolution on National Policy on Education (1968) formulated on the basis of the recommendations of the Education Commission, laid stress on the need for a radical reconstruction of the education system, to improve its quality at all stages, and the development of science and technology, the cultivation of moral and social values, and a closer relation between education and the life of the people. The Resolution stressed the role of education in promoting national progress, a sense of common citizenship and culture, and in strengthening national integration. The National Policy on Education 1986 (revised in 1992) envisaged a National system of education which implies that "up to a Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt of India Some Inputs for Draft NEP 2016 given, all students, irrespective of caste, creed, location or sex, have access to education of a comparative quality". Subject: Historiography; Educational policy Location: India Classification: 4110: applied linguistics; applied linguistics/language education policy Title: Some Inputs for Draft National Education Policy 2016 Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 10 First page: 1 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Oct 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1861939674 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861939674?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Oct 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Tense Markers in Kannada Speaking Intellectual Disabled Children Author: Satish, K; SubbaRao, T A Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 10,  (Oct 2016): 127. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861940084?accountid=50982 Abstract: In Indian setup there are a limited number of studies in language acquisition. The present study focuses on acquisition of tense form in Kannada speaking intellectual disabled children. In Indian context, the practice of speech language pathologists is dampened in the task of providing qualitative language assessment and therapy for children with delayed language development, due to the lack of data on language development in Kannada speaking intellectual disabled children. So establishing data base in this aspect will help SLPs in providing qualitative service. Detailed research on language acquisition in Kannada speaking intellectual disabled children will provide important information for assessment and intervention. Subject: Therapy; Children; Kannada; Tense; Delayed language acquisition; Mental retardation; Native language acquisition Classification: 6610: mental retardation and disorders; mental disorders/mental retardation Title: Tense Markers in Kannada Speaking Intellectual Disabled Children Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 10 First page: 127 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Oct 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1861940084 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861940084?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Oct 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Using English Literature in Higher Secondary EFL Classrooms in Rural Bangladesh: Bridging the Cultures to Facilitate EFL Learning - M.A. Dissertation Author: Khatun, Sohana Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 16, Iss. 11,  (Nov 2016): 246. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861937790?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present research explores the use of literature in language teaching from a different dimension. It experiments with the use of literature to eliminate cultural alienation from the EFL classrooms with the hope that this will eventually facilitate language teaching and learning. The subjects of this study are the students of Higher Secondary level of some small-town colleges of Bangladesh. The basis of the paper is grounded on the assumption that the subjects are intolerant toward the target-language culture, i.e. the Western culture. They are biased with some wrong assumptions about the Western culture, and their sense of 'otherness' comes into play in the EFL classrooms all of which set some potential barriers before their learning of English. The study tries to incorporate literary items into language teaching materials keeping cultural similarities at the centre. No language can be taught and learnt without some references to its culture because the development of a language in a community essentially chronicles its culture. Similarly, the literature of a community embodies its language and culture simultaneously. Teaching a foreign language with an emphasis on its culture and its similarity with the native culture is likely to generate a friendly environment into the EFL class. Literature can make the culture of the target language familiar to the learners and thus facilitate learning an SL/FL. Subject: Literature; Otherness; English as a second language teaching materials; Rural areas; Secondary education; Cultural instruction; English as a second language instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Using English Literature in Higher Secondary EFL Classrooms in Rural Bangladesh: Bridging the Cultures to Facilitate EFL Learning - M.A. Dissertation Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 16 Issue: 11 First page: 246 Publication year: 2016 Publication date: Nov 2016 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publicationsubject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1861937790 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1861937790?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Nov 2016 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Thinking How to Think: The Role of Critical Thinking in Developing Coherence & Precision in Writing Author: Pathak, Anand Prakash; Pasricha, Radhika B Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 1,  (Jan 2017): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1870576896?accountid=50982 Abstract: Output of thinking is the projection of the thoughts it generates but thought is independent of language, though Language depends on thought. On the basis of the hypothesis mentioned above, and on the basis of various existing maxims in this regard, this study aims at establishing the relationship and the role played by thinking in enhancement of writing skills, especially the role of critical thinking. In order to study the impact of critical thinking activities on writing skills and vice versa, an activity was chosen which further was implemented amongst the students of B.Tech. (having almost same level of proficiency in English language & expression) as a task-based language learning activity in the Language Laboratory. The findings were interesting and also established the inseparable relationship between critical thinking and writing; both acted as complementary entities in the enhancement of the other once implemented as a continuous activity. Subject: Writing; Coherence; Educational activities; English proficiency Classification: 4121: applied linguistics; writing: instruction, acquisition, processes, and testing Title: Thinking How to Think: The Role of Critical Thinking in Developing Coherence & Precision in Writing Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 1 First page: 1 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jan 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1870576896 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1870576896?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jan 2017 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Phonological Processes in Hindi Speaking Typically Developing Children Across Rural and Urban Areas Author: Kaur, Ramandeep; Anand, Manish; Subbarao, T A Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 1,  (Jan 2017): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1870578194?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language refers to a rule based system of symbolic communication involving a set of small unit (syllables or words) that can be combined to yield an infinite number of larger language forms. As the literature review suggests, there are three structures of phonological processes in Hindi speaking children. All these studies have been done in Urban children as subjects. Despite of this, limited amount of research studies focus on children residing in these rural areas of India. The knowledge of phonological development has a great significance in the clinical population to determine whether a child is phonologically disordered and needs intervention. The objective of the study is to describe the percentage and types of phonological processes exhibited by 3-4 year old, Hindi speaking typically developing Urban and Rural children. The results revealed that the mean percentage of correct responses was higher in the Urban children. Children of both the groups demonstrated a wide array of phonological processes. The higher percentage of Phonological Processes in Rural children when compared to those in Urban children could be attributed to the limited educational facilities and lack of parental attention given to a rural child's utterances. It was also noted during the study that people living in urban India have much better living and health conditions than those in rural areas. Rural areas are generally economically very poor when compared to urban areas, especially in India, and the amount of attention and care given to children is very limited. Subject: Syllables; Children; Hindi; Cities; Attention; Rural areas; Child language; Phonological processing; Native language acquisition Location: India Classification: 4019: psycholinguistics; phonological processing Title: Phonological Processes in Hindi Speaking Typically Developing Children Across Rural and Urban Areas Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 1 First page: 1 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jan 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Blo omington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1870578194 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1870578194?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jan 2017 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Policy and Research on Technological Developments in English Language Teaching in Malaysia Author: Maya Khemlani David; Francisco Perlas Dumanig Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2017): 85. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879590539?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study examines the language policy and research on technological developments in English Language Teaching in Malaysia. It analyzes the country's language policy and research on technological development in language teaching which has greatly influenced innovations in English language teaching. In the 21st century coupled with technological development, the demand of English has resulted in changes to the teaching of English in schools, colleges and universities. It is evident that the exposure of students to technology has encouraged the integration of technology in English language teaching in Malaysia. The study reveals that the use of facebook, blogs, whatsapp and other technologically driven approaches in teaching English have become popular methodologies in teaching English. Due to rapid technological development, it is recommended that training for English language teachers is necessary in order to cope with the rapid demand for pedagogy that incorporates IT so as to meet the needs of technologically advanced learners. Subject: Blogs; Second language teachers; College students; Computer assisted language learning; English as a second language instruction; Language policy Location: Malaysia Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: Language Policy and Research on Technological Developments in English Language Teaching in Malaysia Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 2 First page: 85 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Feb 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1879590539 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879590539?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2017 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ 27. A note on developing Telugu as a technical language Author: Kanniganti Anuradha; Rajyarama, Ch Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2017): 230. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879590551?accountid=50982 Abstract: In ‘The Otherness of English’, Dasguptatalks about the idea of a ‘third stage’ of emergence of the vernacular languages. If the effervescence of vernacular literatures roughly corresponding to the medieval Bhaktidevotional movements all over India was a first stage, and the modernization brought by European languages in the last two centuries was the second, the third was to be the blossoming of the bhashas in post-Independence India as fully autonomouslanguages assuming all functions in their respective regions. Subject: Telugu; Academic discourse; Scientific technical language Title: 27. A note on developing Telugu as a technical language Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 2 First page: 230 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Feb 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1879590551 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879590551?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2017 Last updated: 2017-11-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of Language Change of Migrants with reference to the Bhojpuri Speech Community in Tezpur of Assam Author: Sah, Binda Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2017): 39. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879590552?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language is a decisive factor in the life of migrants as it governs their everyday communication. As most of the migrants are workers or businessmen, they need to communicate effectively in the immediate environment, and hence they feel the necessity of adapting the language commonly used for communication. Their adapting effort sometimes drags them in an embarrassing situation thanks to their wrong use of vocabularies and often the tone of their mother tongue. For some, such embarrassment turns out to be deterrent in the process of their adaptation with the new language, whereas many continue to learn the language despite embarrassment which eventually results in their language change. The paper aims to study the language change or adaptation of language of the host land by migrants with reference to the Bhojpuri speech community in Tezpur of Assam, India. Subject: Tone; Migrants; Communication; Native language; Language change; Speech communities; Indic languages Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: A Study of Language Change of Migrants with reference to the Bhojpuri Speech Community in Tezpur of Assam Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 2 First page: 39 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Feb 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literatu re Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1879590552 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879590552?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2017 Last updated: 2017-05-16 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Rights, Mobility of Citizens and Language Choice in India Author: Mallikarjun, B Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2017): 139. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879595245?accountid=50982 Abstract: The twentieth century is recognized as a century of appreciation and recognition of rights of world citizens, 'the age of rights'. They are consolidated and codified through charters, constitutions, and legislation etc., of different kinds in the concerned nations. The twenty first century is expected to be the century where discriminations of various kinds among the people in the world are to end and a social order based on equality may emerge. India too has codified the rights of its citizens in its Constitution and through various legislations in the past decades. Also, signed different international agreements and naturally has agreed to abide by them. The canvas of rights in the world is very vast since everyone is more concerned about his or her rights and less bothered to about the obligations / duties. It is nothing but natural. Similarly, the literature relating to granting, interpreting etc., of rights is also very fast growing. There are rights guaranteed by the nations and the rights guaranteed by the international treaties, agreements etc,. Rich literature exists on it. Formulation of legislations, codification and their implementation and the affected seeking judicial remedy is a regular phenomenon. This results in the interpretation of concerned rights / law. One can find changes in their interpretation according to social, economic and political situations. This makes rights and their interpretation a dynamic process. Subject: Law; Politics; Sociolinguistics; Language rights; Language use Location: India Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Rights, Mobility of Citizens and Language Choice in India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 2 First page: 139 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Feb 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Lite rature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1879595245 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879595245?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2017 Last updated: 2017-06-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Semantic Change in Language Borrowing: The Case of Arabic Borrowed Words in Urdu Author: Anwar, Farheen Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2017): 108. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879595365?accountid=50982 Abstract: Urdu, a member of the Indo Aryan language family, came into existence with the interaction of Muslim soldiers of different nations with the local people from Northwestern part of India. It was developed in 12th century AD. In Delhi, there was the Muslim rule, and most of the people migrated from Punjab and settled in and around Delhi. Later in 1193 AD, Delhi was made the capital of new Muslim empire. Though this was a political development, it also had a great impact on the sociocultural life of northern India. Along with the cultural mixture, the process of linguistic amalgamation also started. The mixture of words from different languages led to the formation of a new language which was known as mixed language by many scholars; later it was named as Urdu. With the spread of Islam in 711 AD to the 20th century, there were sociocultural and religious changes. Arabic words had made their way in Urdu language directly or through Persian. With the arrival of Muslim soldiers there was a mass conversion of the people to Islam and this was responsible for the rapid borrowing of Arabic words. Urdu borrowed much of its vocabulary from many foreign languages like Turkish, Persian and Arabic Katzner (2002) says that "Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and is also widely spoken in India. In Pakistan, it is the mother tongue of about 10 million people, but is spoken, fluently there as a second language by perhaps 100 million or more. In India, where it is spoken by some 50 million Muslims, it is one of the official languages recognized by the Constitution". Subject: Arabic; Turkish; Politics; Borrowing; Hindi; Persian; Official languages; Language change; Indic languages; Semantic change Location: India Pakistan Classification: 5115: descriptive linguistics; languages in contact/borrowing Title: Semantic Change in Language Borrowing: The Case of Arabic Borrowed Words in Urdu Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 2 First page: 108 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Feb 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1879595365 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1879595365?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2017 Last updated: 2017-06-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Sketch of Supra-segmental Features of Modern Angika and Magahi - A Descriptive Study Author: Qamar, Md Tauseef, MA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2017): 447. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923318794?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper deals with the description of supra-segmental features especially 'juncture' of Magahi and Angika languages. Both Angika and Magahi are spoken in central Bihar and in the adjoining areas. Angika and Magahi are not included in the VIII Schedule of languages in the Constitution of India and they belong to Eastern New Indo-Aryan (NIA) language (S. Jha, 1958 and S. Prasad, 2002 & 2008). Subject: Indic languages; Suprasegmentals Location: India Classification: 5110: descriptive linguistics; descriptive linguistics Title: A Sketch of Supra-segmental Features of Modern Angika and Magahi - A Descriptive Study Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 3 First page: 447 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Mar 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1923318794 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923318794?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2017 Last updated: 2017-07-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Comparison of Voice Onset Time of English Stops Produced by Native Kannada and Native Tamil Speakers Author: Athaide, Deborah Deanne, MASLP; Kumudavalli, S, MSc Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2017): 31. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319122?accountid=50982 Abstract: Introduction: In bilingual individuals, there can be an influence of the first language on the production of the second language. The nature of this influence depends on the similarities or differences between the 2 languages. The phonology of the first language can affect the realization of phonological contrasts in the second language. English has 6 oral stops which are either voiced or voiceless; voicing is contrastive in English. In Kannada stops, as in English, the voiced-voiceless distinction is contrastive however, in Tamil voicing is allophonic i.e. voiced and voiceless sounds occur in free variation. Voice Onset Time (VOT) is a measure which distinguishes between voiced and voiceless sounds. The difference in phonologies of Kannada and Tamil could possibly reflect in the production of English as a second language. Method: 30 first language Kannada Speakers and 30 first language Tamil Speakers all of whom used English as their second language were selected as participants for the study. Voice onset times for the 6 oral stops of English in the initial position of words (a total of 30 words) produced with carrier phrases were compared in the 2 groups. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the findings of the 2 groups. Results: There was a significant difference in the VOT for half of the selected stimuli. Results give evidence of transfer from the first language to second language and of effects of exposure and use of second language on its production. Implications: Results of this study, if elaborated, can be used to develop speech synthesis and speaker identification algorithms, and in algorithms to detect accented English. Subject: Language; Oral language; Phonology; Speech synthesis; Tamil; Onset (Phonology); Bilingualism; Speaker identification; Stops; Voice onset time (VOT); Algorithms; Accentuation; Kannada; Transfer (Learning); Voicing Classification: 4030: psycholinguistics; speech production Title: Comparison of Voice Onset Time of English Stops Produced by Native Kannada and Native Tamil Speakers Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 3 First page: 31 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Mar 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1923319122 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319122?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2017 Last updated: 2017-07-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Spread of English in the 21st Century India Author: Mallikarjun, B Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2017): 508. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319198?accountid=50982 Abstract: In the post-independence India, a multilingual nation, English was expected to play the role of a ‘neutral language’ since no other Indian language was acceptable as a language for pan Indian communication. English was one of the fourteen languages in one of the draft of the Schedule of languages in the draft Constitution of India. Now, after the Constitution came into existence it is called as ‘Associate Official Language’ of the Union of India, but in reality, it is the de facto Official Language, since Hindi has failed to become the real Official Language of India. English is also the official language or the additional official language in eleven states and three union territories; however everywhere English continues to be used for most of the administrative purposes. English version of the Constitution of India is the legal version, though the translations of the same are available in some of the major Indian languages. Subject: Hindi; Indian English; Language policy; Official languages Location: India Classification: 5611: sociolinguistics; language planning/policy Title: Spread of English in the 21st Century India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 3 First page: 508 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Mar 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1923319198 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319198?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2017 Last updated: 2017-07-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Study of English Clauses Errors in Syntactic Structures of Iranian Students Author: Pakdel, Farhad1; Khansir, Ali Akbar21 Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran2 Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2017): 103. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923318944?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aim of this research paper is to examine Study of English Clauses Errors in Syntactic Structure of Iranian Students at Bushehr Payam Noor University in Bushehr city. The role of error analysis in language teaching is always vital. Error analysis as one of applied linguistics subjects has been discussed among language teachers, syllabus designers, linguistics more than fifty years. They have recognized that it can be used as one of the learning strategies in helping to language teachers and learners in acquiring their target language. In this research work, 30 Iranian EFL students in the age range of 20 to 27 at under graduate level were participated. Outcome of this research paper showed that the number of errors of Iranian under-graduate students in the clause structure test was 594. The results of this article indicated that the learners need sufficient exercises to be conducted in the classroom in order to increase their knowledge of English clauses and reduce their errors. Subject: Students; Clauses; Error analysis (Language); Error analysis; Syntactic structures; Second language teachers; Language teachers; College students; Learning strategies; Applied linguistics; English as a second language learning Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: Study of English Clauses Errors in Syntactic Structures of Iranian Students Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 4 First page: 103 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Apr 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1923318944 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923318944?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2017 Last updated: 2017-07-28 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Second Language through the First Language - An Experimental Approach Author: Murugan, R1; Perumal, N Lakshmana21 Aruna Vidhya Arts & Science College2 Valliammai Engineering College Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2017): 133. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319191?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper entitled ‘The Second Language through the First Language -- An Experimental Approach’ attempts to teach the second language to the learner through his mother tongue. This idea is resulted due to the fact that the learner to some extent is familiar with the concepts in his mother tongue, but the actual problem is in making sentences in English. At the initial stage, the learner finds it difficult to think in English and convert the same in English. Hence the authors started exploring a method where the learner gets the concepts in his mother tongue and is initiated to convert the same in English. Here the status is the stock is sufficient, but the supply lacks free flow. On receiving the first version of the converted matter from the vernacular language to English the authors carefully identify the problem areas of the learner. A thorough analysis is made in the presence of the learner with an attempt to rectify the overall defects in the writing. Subject: Language; Native language; Cognitive processes; Transfer (Learning); English as a second language instruction; Language of instruction Classification: 4130: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language instruction Title: The Second Language through the First Language - An Experimental Approach Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 4 First page: 133 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Apr 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1923319191 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319191?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2017 Last updated: 2017-07-28 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The relationship between Proficiency and Exposure to English Language: A study of Functional English and General English Students at Higher Secondary Level in Srinagar Author: Riyaz, Hafsa, MPhil, MA, BEd; Mushtaq, Sabba, MPhil, MA, MA English, BEd Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2017): 27. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319414?accountid=50982 Abstract: English, though a foreign language, occupies a unique position in the educational system of India. The situation in Jammu and Kashmir is not much different from rest of the Indian union. Moreover it continues to be a major language having a prestigious position in our society. Fluency in English enhances an individual’s personality, presentation skill, confidence and eventually his career. English occupies the position of a Lingua Franca in the world. Thus the exposure to English language tends to develop better levels of proficiency in the English language. The present study will focus on the proficiency acquired as a result of exposure to English language. The study covered higher secondary institutions of Srinagar city where both functional English and general English were taught. The findings of the study revealed that those students who have exposure to English language score better in terms of their language skills. Depending on the statistical results, it is discovered that there is a significant connection between exposure and achievement in English language. It was also found that Functional English teaching devotes more time to English teaching than General English. Subject: Personality; English as a second language learning; Fluency; English language; Secondary school students; English proficiency Location: Srinagar India Classification: 4132: applied linguistics; English as a second/foreign language learning Title: The relationship between Proficiency and Exposure to English Language: A study of Functional English and General English Students at Higher Secondary Level in Srinagar Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 4 First page: 27 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Apr 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1923319414 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923319414?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2017 Last updated: 2017-07-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Position of English in India: Three-way Categorization Author: Omidvar, Reza1; Ravindranath, B K, PhD1 University of Mysore, India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 5,  (May 2017): 279. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923321690?accountid=50982 Abstract: The status of English in countries where it is spoken has been commonly described in a three-way categorization (i.e. English as a native language, English as a second language, and English as a foreign language). Although drawing a strong distinctive line between these settings has become increasingly difficult as a result of changes in the spread of language use and users, strength of the language, identification of the position of English in a given setting is deemed necessary as it affects language acquisition methods suggested by TESOL professionals. The answer to such inquiry is not usually straightforward. A number of models describing the spread of language use and users assign varied positions to English in India. The present study is to examine this position in light of the literature with sociolinguistic perspective. The authors also draw on the language models, the definitions provided for each category in the three-way categorization as well as the catch-all real-time function it plays in the given setting. Subject: Language; Sociolinguistics; Language use; English as a second language--ESL; Indian English Location: India Classification: 5610: sociolinguistics; sociolinguistics Title: Position of English in India: Three-way Categorization Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 5 First page: 279 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: May 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1923321690 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1923321690?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2017 Last updated: 2017-07-28 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Rise and Growth of English Language in India and Its Perceived Relation vis-à-vis the Sense of Identity among Young Adults Author: Singal, Pooja, MA, MEd Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 323. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952113248?accountid=50982 Abstract: In a multilingual country like India, there exists a hierarchy among languages. While major Indian languages compete with each other for the position of power, leaving the minority and tribal languages far behind, at the top of this ladder is English, which has been variously described by educationists and politicians as an ‘imposition’ of the colonial rule, a ‘gift’ or the last ‘legacy’ of the imperial power. In the present context of the country, there is an increasing demand for English education, evident from the growth of small scale Private English Medium schools everywhere in India. On the other hand, all policy documents related to education stress the importance of Indigenous languages as the media of Instruction at least in primary classes. What, then, justifies the continued overwhelming presence of English in our context? This Paper attempts to outline the process of rise and growth of English language in the pre-independence India till the present time. The paper would also attempt to understand the perspective of young adults with respect to English vis-à-vis their sense of social identity through a study conducted with young adults engaged in different professions. Subject: Young adults; Educational policy; Indigenous languages; Language culture relationship; Indian English; Sociolinguistics; Linguistic identity Location: India Title: The Rise and Growth of English Language in India and Its Perceived Relation vis-à-vis the Sense of Identity among Young Adults Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 323 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952113248 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952113248?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Pronunciation Norms in EFL Context: A Case Study of Tertiary Institutions in Oman Author: Poul, Kati, MA, BEd, MPhil CELTA, APSET (PhD) Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 314. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952113729?accountid=50982 Abstract: One of the continuing conundrums that continue to engage the attention of teachers and students alike is a Hamlet like dilemma where teaching phonetics is concerned. There has been a competition between nativeness principle and intelligibility principle, with curriculum designers emphasising the former aspect in countries where the norm is exonormative. There have not been many studies where students who learn English as a foreign language have had their voices heard insofar as their preferences with regard to learning pronunciation are concerned. This is one such study that looks at learner preferences for learning pronunciation in English classes at the tertiary level. It was conducted in four colleges in Muscat, Oman and the students were from technical training institutes that offer vocational courses. Subject: Curriculum planning; Phonetics; Intelligibility; Second language teachers; English as a second language--ESL; Foreign language instruction; English as a second language instruction; Pronunciation instruction; Higher education Location: Oman Title: Pronunciation Norms in EFL Context: A Case Study of Tertiary Institutions in Oman Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 314 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952113729 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952113729?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Substandard Status of Hindi in Competitive Examinations in India: Cause and Remedy Author: Sharma, Sandeep Kumar1; Sinha, Sweta11 Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 433. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952120209?accountid=50982 Abstract: In India, from the competitive examinations’ point of view, Hindi and other Indian languages are placed at a substandard position in the curriculum because marks obtained in the Indian language paper is not included in the determination of the final merit list and is only considered for qualifying to enter the competition. Language policies and planning helped English to become as a dominant and hegemony language over and above all Indian languages. This process obstructed and affected the growth and quality of indigenous languages in the field of education. After independence from the British Rule, it was because of various changes in the socioeconomic development and education of science and technology, English evolved and established itself as a standard language in different streams of education. Candidates who apply for jobs may be asked to qualify in Hindi or other Indian languages to enter the main examinations in popular employment examinations. The same system seems to be followed for admission to many educational institutes across India. Because of this Hindi curriculum remains unchanged and teachers do not get opportunity to improve their teaching quality. As a result the role of teacher in imparting knowledge and language use is reduced. To break this vicious cycle in the existing system, the status of Hindi and other Indian languages should be changed in a way that can provide the teachers with ample opportunities to teach and improve. For the improvement of Hindi in the existing educational system the competitive examinations must include the marks obtained in the Indian language papers so as to attract serious attitude. It is not easy to change the attitude of the learners right away; however, with remedial steps the change can at least be initiated. Subject: Curricula; Language planning; Language policy; Hindi; Curriculum planning; Educational policy; Language tests; Indian English Location: India Title: Substandard Status of Hindi in Competitive Examinations in India: Cause and Remedy Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 433 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952120209 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952120209?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study on Writing Skill of High School English Language Learners in Manipur Author: Singh, M Gunamani, BEd, MEd, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 165. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952123047?accountid=50982 Abstract: Several methodologies and approaches were offered in NCF-2005. These were expected to be adopted in the schools but these were found only partially implemented at the Elementary stage in Manipur. Probably this could be one of the main reasons that the problem of low achievement persisted in some schools and English language learners did not attain the proficiency of Writing skill required at the end of the Elementary stage in Manipur. Therefore, there is need to address this issue because it may not help future careers of the children. After the identification of this problem, ten schools (5 Private English medium schools and 5 Government schools) were selected for our study. Among these 5 Private schools, 2 of them were convent schools. Of the 5 Government schools, one is a model school where relatively more facility has been created by the Government. In order to carry out the investigation, language ability tests of Writing skill were conducted. Questionnaires were administered to the teachers of English, who are working in these ten schools and their responses were analyzed. In addition, the Heads/Principals were also consulted by the investigator in relation to teaching/learning process, evaluation systems and their administration. We found some discrepancies in methods, approaches and techniques. Subject: English language learners; English as a second language learning; English as a second language--ESL; Secondary education; High school students; Writing ability; Second language writing; English as a second language instruction Location: Manipur India Title: A Study on Writing Skill of High School English Language Learners in Manipur Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 165 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952123047 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952123047?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gender Representations in English Textbooks used in Grade Eight under National and State Boards, India Author: Bhattacharya, Shristi, MA ELT11 Assumption University, Thailand Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 410. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952143656?accountid=50982 Abstract: This research investigates the representation of different genders in the English textbooks used in grade eight in India. The main objective of the research is to find out what the different representations of genders are and how the language and images are used in the three English textbooks Blossoms, Honeydew and Read Now. This study employs quantitative and qualitative analysis. Part of Fairclough’s (1989) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) frameworks that is the description, interpretation and explanation is used for the analysis. Content and textual analysis has been conducted using the schema, frame and script as part of ‘member resources’ (MR). The analyses are divided into seven categories such as gender of authors, gender of characters, male or female centred topics, firstness, images and visibility, language features and plot to answer the two research questions. Additionally, the images have been analysed using Critical Image Analysis tool. The results of the investigation indicates that gender biasness or stereotype still exists in the English textbooks used in Indian school despite the government’s endeavour to establish equality and justice in matters of education as per the national policy of education. In conclusion, the study also provides certain pedagogical implications and recommendations that can help in eradicating the issue of gender inequality of the learning materials in English classrooms. Subject: Junior high school education; Text analysis; Educational policy; Gender; Critical discourse analysis; Language textbooks; English as a second language teaching materials Location: India Title: Gender Representations in English Textbooks used in Grade Eight under National and State Boards, India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 410 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952143656 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952143656?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Study of the Low Achievement of English Language Learners in Listening Skill at the Elementary Stage in Manipur Author: Singh, M Gunamani, BEd, MEd, PhD; Devi, N Pramodini, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 127. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952143782?accountid=50982 Abstract: Several methodologies and approaches were offered in NCF-2005. These were expected to be adopted in the schools but these were found only partially implemented at the Elementary stage in Manipur. Probably this could be one of the main reasons that the problem of low achievement persisted in some schools and English language learners did not attain the proficiency of Listening skill required at the end of the Elementary stage in Manipur. Therefore, there is need to address this issue because it may not help future careers of the children. After the identification of this problem, ten schools (5 Private English medium schools and 5 Government schools) were selected for our study. Among these 5 Private schools, 2 of them were convent schools. Of the 5 Government schools, one is a model school where relatively more facility has been created by the Government. In order to carry out the investigation, language ability tests of Listening skill were conducted. Questionnaires were administered to the teachers of English, who are working in these ten schools and their responses were analyzed. In addition, the Heads/Principals were also consulted by the investigator in relation to teaching/learning process, evaluation systems and their administration. We found some discrepancies in methods, approaches and techniques. Subject: Ability tests; English language learners; Listening; English as a second language learning; English as a second language--ESL; English proficiency Location: Manipur India Title: A Study of the Low Achievement of English Language Learners in Listening Skill at the Elementary Stage in Manipur Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 127 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952143782 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952143782?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Critical Thinking and English Language Teaching with Reference to National Curriculum of India Author: Omidvar, Reza; Ravindranath, BK, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 345. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952146139?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present authors will examine the current position of critical thinking in India from different perspectives in this section. Looking at the historical background of the concept in India, and long familiarity of the Indians with logical thinking, the authors illustrate the current status of critical thinking in India from two main perspectives. First, they review the Educational system which includes curriculum content and framework set for schools, the practices or teaching methods adopted by the teachers in the system, and finally the way that students’ achievements are examined. Second, the authors discuss washback of the educational system, which demonstrates how successful or unsuccessful the present educational policies are in practice, based upon feedback of employers as one important stakeholder of the system, teachers, students, and so on. At the end, some suggestions will be posited on how to heighten the efficiency of Education with regard to English language teaching and critical thinking. The suggestions relate to areas of student teacher education, policy making, and assessment system. Subject: Teaching; Washback (Testing); Feedback; Critical thinking; Curricula; Educational policy; Teacher education; Indian English; English as a second language teaching methods Location: India Title: Critical Thinking and English Language Teaching with Reference to National Curriculum of India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 345 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952146139 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952146139?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Challenges faced by students in learning English in grades 11 and 12 in Bangladeshi madrasahs Author: Azad, Muhammad Nazmul Huda Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2017): 214. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952149070?accountid=50982 Abstract: English language learning in Bangladesh has suffered a great deal in all the schools which are each designated by one of the three mediums of teaching: Bangla medium, English medium and Arabic medium. Only recently have there been some notable changes in the system of teaching and learning English in the country. The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) has developed new communicative syllabuses for classes 6-12 for Bangla (state schools) and Arabic (Madrasahs) medium school but learners are still facing difficulties in learning English especially in Madrasahs. The English language is considered a global lingua franca these days in the modern world. So, learning the language well is important. My MA dissertation intends to investigate the possible reasons behind the students’ failure to learn. The purpose of this study is to explore the problems faced by the students in Learning English in Madrasahs, and to evaluate the communicative competence in English language of the students. (Communicative competence is the ability to use the language system appropriately in any circumstances, with regard to functions and the varieties of language, as well as shared sociocultural suppositions) In this study I want to reveal the challenges faced by the students of Alim (grades 11 and 12) in learning English. Finally, in the study I will suggest some possible solutions to the problems. This research involves some particular domains which are related to applied linguistics and English Language Teaching (ELT): materials, syllabuses and curriculums, teaching methods and approaches, level of language proficiency (i.e. the level of competence at which one can be able to utilize a language for both fundamental communicative tasks and academic purposes) of the instructors, teachers’ preferred learning (i.e. the cognitive process of acquiring a language. Krashen (1981) uses this term for formal learning in the classroom), techniques, testing and evaluation, awareness of the importance of English and so on. For this research, I collected information from 256 Alim students who are about 16-17 years old and 20 teachers of English of the same students from 11 urban and rural Madrasahs. Questionnaires for teachers and students were used to collect data for the study. The research demonstrates that the main obstacles in learning English are the textbook materials, (It is usually the core material for a course. A course book or textbook usually focuses on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, functions and the skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking) the teaching method, the teachers’ lack of subject knowledge, the omission of two important skills (speaking and listening), the lack of appropriate equipment, large class sizes and so on. Literature relating to the research is reviewed to draw parallels and support the study. Based on the results of this research a number of recommendations are provided for National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB), Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board (BMEB) and for the teachers of English Language for the development of learning English in the Madrasahs in grades 11 and 12. Finally, suggestions for future research are given. Subject: Arabic; Curricula; Bengali; English as a second language instruction; Secondary education; Language use; Language for special purposes; Language of instruction Location: Bangladesh Title: Challenges faced by students in learning English in grades 11 and 12 in Bangladeshi madrasahs Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 6 First page: 214 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jun 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952149070 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952149070?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Learning Strategy Use by Multilingual Adult Foreign Language Learners Author: Chattaraj, Dishari, PhD11 Centre for Linguistics Jawaharlal Nehru University New Mehrauli Road, Munirka New Delhi110067 India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2017). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953938869?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study, after discussing the Language Learning Strategy (LLS) use made by the Foreign Language (FL) learners in the domain of Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking, analyzes the strategies from cognitive and metacogntive perspectives. The scope of the paper is not essentially quantitative, i.e., it is not restricted to the frequency of LLS use but it dwells on the qualitative domain by making an elaborate discussion on the impact of proficiency and learner variables like gender, level of study, motivation, level of confidence, medium of instruction in school and age of the learners on their respective LLS use. The paper ends by providing the pedagogical implications of the findings. Subject: Foreign language learning; Learning strategies; Second language learning; Metacognition Title: Language Learning Strategy Use by Multilingual Adult Foreign Language Learners Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jul 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1953938869 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953938869?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-24 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Problems in teaching English in secondary schools in North Tripura District: M.Phil. Dissertation Author: Nath, Malay11 Agartala, West Tripura India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 7,  (Jul 2017). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953939203?accountid=50982 Abstract: Aptly knowing English has become a mandatory on the part of one and all- be they in the zone of education, business or job. If they do not properly know this language, they have to have a tough time, no matter how much educated they may be. It can be jotted down that it is must to know English in order to live a hunky-dory and thriving life. It is English alone that can enable us to keep abreast of the knowledge all over the world, for the majority of the knowledge the world over is passionately preserved only in this said language. Ergo, having considered this very fact, the researcher thought it quite necessary to undertake a research work in the arena of the English Language Teaching (hereinafter referred to as “ELT”) at the secondary level in the North Tripura District in order to analytically detect the problems in the same field, thus providing logical solutions to them, so that the secondary level students of this district could be proficient in the English language, thereby being able to keep pace with the ongoing phenomena in the universe of knowledge in the era of globalisation. He chose only the North Tripura District because out of the total eight districts, it is the North Tripura District alone which has been the worst prey to the tremendously pathetic ELT situation at the secondary level. Also, he selected only the secondary level schools because it is assumed that it is at the secondary level that North Tripura District learners can properly learn the English language provided that they are taught properly and teaching-learning can properly be done only when the problems afflicting it can be systematically found out and solved. Four Government vernacular medium secondary schools in total- all belonging to the North Tripura District- took part in this research. The researcher kept English medium and private secondary schools out of reach of this research work because they are extremely less in number, thus not being able to bring about a homogeneous sample. Subject: Secondary schools; English as a second language instruction; Secondary education Location: Tripura India Title: Problems in teaching English in secondary schools in North Tripura District: M.Phil. Dissertation Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 7 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Jul 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1953939203 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953939203?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jul 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-24 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Impact of Teaching Language Learning Strategies on Learning English as Additional Language Author: Javed, Fareeha, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2017): 33. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952107340?accountid=50982 Abstract: Trends in teaching and learning of English as Additional Language (EAL) have undergone a great transformation during the last century. The focus of English Language teachers is turning towards empowering their students to become independent learners beyond the classroom. Language educators have started realising the close link between language learning and content instruction. This concern has led to the adoption of content and language integrated instruction in English. It is widely believed today that content and language integrated learning (CLIL) instruction helps in improving the teaching/learning of EAL at all levels. Teaching and learning context has also gained the attention of English language researchers and teachers. Context is considered to be one of the pivotal factors in learning another language. Over the period of past three decades, researchers have developed several practical theories and models that establish links between curriculum concepts and EAL learning. Over time, teaching strategies being used in EAL classrooms have not only improved but are now given more importance in successful EAL teaching and learning. The current Literature Review focuses on the topic of teaching language learning strategies in teaching/learning EAL at Higher education level both internationally and in Pakistan. Subject: Teaching; English as a second language learning; Learning environment; Content area instruction; Learning strategies; Higher education; Language of instruction; Learning outcomes; English as a second language instruction Title: Impact of Teaching Language Learning Strategies on Learning English as Additional Language Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 8 First page: 33 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Aug 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952107340 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952107340?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-20 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Misings and the Question of Adjectives in Mising Author: Doley, Sarat Kumar, MA, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2017): 218. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952110245?accountid=50982 Abstract: Along with a brief historical account of the Misings, an Indo-Mongoloid group of people, this paper attempts at a study of the existence of adjective as separate category or word class in the language spoken by them. There may be a historical explanation for the existence of a small number of words that may be used as adjective in Mising, as in Tibeto-Burman languages, adjective as a distinct word class has not been universally attached. This article mainly presents a brief discussion of the core adjectives in Mising, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Assam, India. In doing so, it seeks to present a description of the adjectival expressions in Mising by analyzing the adjectivals in terms of the generalizations drawn in relation to Tibeto-Burman languages in general. Subject: Adjectives; Tibeto Burman languages; Form classes Title: The Misings and the Question of Adjectives in Mising Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 8 First page: 218 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Aug 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952110245 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952110245?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Three Language Formula and the First and Second Language: A Case of North East India Author: Devi, Ch Sarajubala Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2017): 194. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952111315?accountid=50982 Abstract: Today, the role to be played by school in the life of a child is crucial. It is because in the name of right to education, a child has to learn almost all the skills and knowledge from school as he / she has to attain school at the earliest. Along with the recognition of education as the fundamental right of every child, providing access to educational facilities to every child from the age of 6 year to 14 years is an important task of every state. School should provide a space where children enjoy every right of learning that is ‘right to learn in one’s mother tongue’, ‘right to learn in one’s habitat’, ‘right to learn in one’s own culture’, etc. However, it is observed that schools in many cases became an isolated space where children always find a gap between what they do at home and what they are asked to do at school. One of the important reasons for this gap is that schools fail to recognize the habitat and languages specially that belong to the children of minority groups.1 To respond to the multilingual character India has adopted Three Language Formula (TLF), National Curriculum Framework 2005(NCF-05) suggests implementation of TLF in letter and spirit. TLF is implemented in North East India, but there is confusion in the designation of first language and the second language. The paper is an attempt to address this issue. Subject: Minority groups; Children & youth; Educational policy; Learning environment; Language of instruction; Minority languages Location: India Title: Three Language Formula and the First and Second Language: A Case of North East India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 8 First page: 194 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Aug 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952111315 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952111315?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Historical Perspective of Pakistan’s Language in Education Policy Author: Javed, Fareeha, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2017): 45. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952123055?accountid=50982 Abstract: The shifts and gaps in English language policies and medium of instruction have always been a hurdle in the achievement of English language and overall education goals in Pakistan. This situation has raised a continuous debate on language-in-education policy and medium of instruction in Pakistan since independence and Pakistani governments to date have been indecisive regarding this. This chaotic situation has caused a great setback to the education system in Pakistan. To understand the issues and challenges pertaining Pakistan’s English language education, this paper presents a historical perspective of Pakistan’s language in education policy. This paper concludes that there is a dire need of discarding the obsolete colonial language policies and formulating effective language-in-education policy for the achievement of language education goals and ultimately the education goals for the better future of the country. The first step to achieve this goal is to provide Pakistani students with equal opportunities to learn English and have access to learning in English medium. Subject: Education policy; English language; Educational policy; Language of instruction; Language policy; English as a second language instruction Location: Pakistan Title: A Historical Perspective of Pakistan’s Language in Education Policy Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 8 First page: 45 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Aug 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952123055 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952123055?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Mastering English Pronunciation to Ensure Employability Author: Suresh, P, MA, MPhil, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 8,  (Aug 2017): 186. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952146228?accountid=50982 Abstract: Unquestionably verbal skills play a pivotal role in getting employed in this highly competitive job market today. As English is an international language of communication, its role and relevance cannot be unduly exaggerated. Most students in our country give importance to mastering English as it is vital to get jobs. However, steps to achieve mastery of English pronunciation are not well explained and practised. This paper focuses on the importance of English language in the global market and on how to acquire appropriate communication skills, especially pronunciation skills, in that language. The discussion is carried out in the backdrop of need for better pronunciation for jobs in call centres in India. Subject: English as an international language; Occupations; Pronunciation; Oral language; Call centers; English proficiency; Employment Location: India Title: Mastering English Pronunciation to Ensure Employability Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 8 First page: 186 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Aug 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 1952146228 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1952146228?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Aug 2017 Last updated: 2017-10-19 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Sociological Aspects in Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger and Last Man In Tower Author: Nivetha, D, MA, MPhil Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 9,  (Sep 2017): 85. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007463135?accountid=50982 Abstract: Aravind Adiga is a contemporary writer of Indian Writing in English. His novels deals with serious topics like corruption, poverty, terrorism, political turmoil, caste and class discrimination etc. Adiga’s novel The White Tiger provides a darkly comical view of modern day life in turbulent India. The main theme of the novel is the contrast between India’s rise as modern global economy and its working class people who live in crushing poverty. Through the protagonist Balram, Adiga presents the dissimilarities that persist in India despite India’s new prosperity. Adiga’s second novel Last Man in Tower attempts to explore the human impulse to become rich. It explores how the greed to become rich makes people more self-centered and provokes them to do dirty, unimaginable horrors to fellow human beings. Adiga clearly portrays the sixty-one year old science teacher named Yogesh Murthy who is affectionately known as Masterji. His resistance to the lucrative business in the city is discussed. The novel discloses how the frenzied desire for money and material benefits turn life-long friends into enemies and force them to kill their friend. Both the novels The White Tiger and Last Man in Tower throw the light on the ignorance of the Indian counterpart and their mere acceptance of the western culture without asking the question concerning the validity and adaptation. Subject: Social class; Novels; Social factors; Literary criticism; Sociology Location: India People: Adiga, Aravind Title: Sociological Aspects in Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger and Last Man In Tower Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 9 First page: 85 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Sep 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2007463135 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007463135?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Sep 2017 Last updated: 2018-03-14 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Learning and Teaching Author: Kiran, S D Sasi1; Allamneni, Sharada11 S & H Department VFSTR University Vadlamudi Guntur 522213 Andhra Pradesh India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 9,  (Sep 2017): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007467606?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language Learning and Teaching, edited by Dr. S. D. Sasi Kiran and Dr. Sharada Allamneni, is presented within the pages of this issue of Language in India . Subject: Applied linguistics Title: Language Learning and Teaching Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 9 First page: 1 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Sep 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Book ProQuest document ID: 2007467606 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007467606?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Sep 2017 Last updated: 2018-03-06 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Location of Identity in Language Contact and Replacement: A Case of Hindi-ized Magahi and Magahi Author: Kumar, Chandan, PhD11 Room No: 230 Extn., Brahmaputra Hostel Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 11,  (Nov 2017): 60. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007445097?accountid=50982 Abstract: The paper tries to trace the location of linguistic identity in the course of language change or replacement. Language is one of the components which take part in the formation of identity. Linguistic identity is rather a short-term and easily dissoluble object. Therefore, in this paper, we shall talk about the ‘identity’ and language as an important component of it. However, language is not the only deciding factor in the formation of identity. This paper presents linguistic evidence through which we shall be able to see how Magahi speakers are changing their linguistic identity gradually. The changing form of Magahi is termed as Hindi-ized Magahi. In the course of Hindi-ized Magahi, various features of Hindi are adopted, and linguistic features of Magahi are dropped, e.g., the adoption of grammatical gender particularly in progressive aspect, auxiliary, pronoun, honorific features, etc., and loss of discourse/ pragmatic marker ‘-w?’, dropping of ‘re/ ge’ addressing features, etc. Such processes show the degree of changes. The paper is of the view that Magahi speakers at the first place cannot claim that their linguistic identity is entirely associated with the language or dialect of the region. So, there is already an ambiguity which is always vulnerable to the out-group cultural situation and other factors such as globalization. The paper has attempted to see how (linguistic) identity gets dislocated through the convergence of linguistic behaviour. The paper has also tried to understand the importance or centrality of language in the formation of self: individual as well as collective. It presents how language represents one’s belonging and, in turn, gives some sense of ‘self’, and at the same time it is vulnerable also to these factors. Subject: Globalization; Linguistic identity; Language change; Cultural identity; Cultural factors; Gender (Grammatical); Aspect (Grammatical); Pragmatics; Regional dialects; Hindi; Language contact; Cultural groups Title: Location of Identity in Language Contact and Replacement: A Case of Hindi-ized Magahi and Magahi Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 11 First page: 60 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Nov 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2007445097 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007445097?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Nov 2017 Last updated: 2018-03-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Expressive Language and Vocabulary Development of Tamil Speaking Children with Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate Author: Hariharan, Savitha Vadakkanthara, MSc1; Raghunathan, Vaidyanathan, PhD2; Sreedevi, N, PhD3; Ramanan, Padmasani Venkat, MD, MRCPCH41 Part-time Research Scholar Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Sri Ramachandra University Porur, Chennai – 600116 Tamilnadu, India2 Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Sri Ramachandra University Porur, Chennai 600 116 Tamilnadu, India3 Department of Clinical Services All India Institute of Speech and Hearing Mysore 570 006 Karnataka, India4 Department Of Paediatrics Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai Tamilnadu, India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 11,  (Nov 2017): 270. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007445171?accountid=50982 Abstract: The aim of the study was to explore the development of expressive language and expressive vocabulary in children with repaired cleft lip and palate at 30 months of age. A case control study design with longitudinal follow up of the subjects from 10 to 12 months of age till 30 months was employed for this purpose. For the purpose of this paper, the data on expressive language measures at 30 months of age have been analysed and reported. Fourteen children with non-syndromic repaired cleft lip and palate (both lip and palate operated before one year of age) and seven typically developing children along with their mothers participated in this study. All the children aged around 30 months had normal hearing sensitivity (pure tone average below 20dBHL) and intellectual development (based on Developmental Screening Test, Bharatraj, 1983). Size of expressive vocabulary was obtained using Tamil translation of MacArthur Bates Communication Inventory (Sethuraman, in progress). The expressive language age was obtained using the 3-Dimensional Language Acquisition Test (Herlekar & Karanth, 1995). Both the measures were compared between the two groups. Mann-Whitney test revealed significant differences between the two groups of children on expressive language age (p=0.000), with children with cleft showing lower scores than typically developing children. Though expressive language age differed significantly between the two groups, no significant differences were obtained in the size of expressive vocabulary (p=0.412). Children with repaired cleft lip and palate have deficits in development of expressive language. However, their vocabulary development appears to be in par with that of typically developing children. Subject: Lips; Children; Hearing; Tamil; Native language acquisition; Cognitive development; Oral cavity; Cleft palate; Tone; Vocabulary development; Language tests Title: Expressive Language and Vocabulary Development of Tamil Speaking Children with Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 11 First page: 270 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Nov 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2007445171 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007445171?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Nov 2017 Last updated: 2018-03-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Can You Give a Constructive Feedback? Author: Pratheeba, N11 Department of English Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Virudhunagar 626001 Tamilnadu India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 11,  (Nov 2017): 250. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007461184?accountid=50982 Abstract: Over the past several decades, language teaching in India has drastically evolved from a mere chalk and talk, grammar-driven approach to one that focuses on computer aided language learning and task based approach. Gone are the days of rigorous drill exercises. The learners are taught or rather facilitated to learn the target language on their own. Under these circumstances, the teacher has receded to the backseat and the learners are given prime importance. The way in which the performance of the students is assessed has also undergone massive changes. Oral assessments are also given credit in addition to written assignments. Accordingly, learners learn the communicative and functional use of language and develop the ability to converse the target language in real-life situations. The focus of the present paper is to demonstrate that feedback is an integral part of the assessment process - be it oral or written assignment. Subject: Language teaching methods; Feedback; Second language instruction; Grammar instruction; Second language teachers Title: Can You Give a Constructive Feedback? Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 11 First page: 250 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Nov 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2007461184 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007461184?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Nov 2017 Last updated: 2018-03-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Marathi Use and Identity in Higher Education in Urban Maharashtra Author: Chandras, Jessica, PhD11 Department of Anthropology The George Washington University Washington, DC 20052 USA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 11,  (Nov 2017): 0. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007482642?accountid=50982 Abstract: Though higher education in India is largely English medium, or with all instruction and textbooks in English, students and professors use other languages in addition to English in classrooms. Professor Bagh often makes great efforts to translate parts of her lectures and allows students to speak up in class in the languages most comfortable for them. However as she is a non-native Marathi speaker and sometimes has difficulty translating from English to Marathi, she relies on a few students who are native Marathi speakers, many of whom sit near the front, to help her to translate in class. In the second part of the example of classroom interaction given, Professor Bagh, flustered, begins to lecture again but partially in Hindi, introducing a third language to the class on this day. Then, she notices that students are laughing and she stops the lecture to address how students should respect the attempts she makes to use Marathi to help students who understand Marathi better than English. Subject: Translation; Higher education; Marathi; Hindi; Indian English; Classroom communication; Language textbooks; Language use Location: Maharashtra India Title: Marathi Use and Identity in Higher Education in Urban Maharashtra Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 11 First page: 0 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Nov 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2007482642 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007482642?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Nov 2017 Last updated: 2018-02-28 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Morphological View of English Language Learning for Engineering Undergraduates - An Analysis Author: Bhanu, S, MA, MPhil1; Kalanithi, L R S1 Chadalawada Ramanamma Engineering College Chadalawada Nagar Tirupati 517506 Andhra Pradesh India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 17, Iss. 12,  (Dec 2017): 430. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007444657?accountid=50982 Abstract: English Language Learning must be enhanced according to real life situations and the communicator must be highly flavoured to deliver the language simple and short according to the progress in the work area. Language learning must be strengthened and the morphological view of learning a language is highly essential. It must be renovated to stick on to its own feet and in-depth learning makes an individual to be an excellent achiever in his communication. Language is a subject dealing with skills and is on a process of continuous change. From the childhood, one can utter a sentence that has never said before. It is completely possible for a person to understand, generate, and use the function of each word because, apart from the words that a person knows and are stored in his/her mental lexicon, there might be words that have never been heard before by the same person. This study focuses on the morphological perception of obtaining language learning skills through literature taking some illustrations from well-known works. This detailed view explicates how a learner can be strengthened in vocabulary, words, phrases, internal structure of words and the relationship among words. It masters the language including spelling, vocabulary, fluency, word recognition, pronunciation, structure of complex words and text comprehension. Further it speaks on parallelism, the inter connection of words which gives rise to rich words to comprehend and communicate at the right time at the right situation. It empowers the students to self-generate the words in which s/he expresses her/ himself clearly. Reading literary text with analysis of morphological knowledge is an added characteristic in getting words frequently using in work area to enhance language proficiency and the application can be viewed in spontaneity. This analysis not only integrates all language learning skills but also directs on practice of structured language. Subject: Comprehension; Fluency; Language proficiency; Mental lexicon; Word recognition; English as a second language learning; Spelling; Communication; Pronunciation; Morphology Title: Morphological View of English Language Learning for Engineering Undergraduates - An Analysis Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 17 Issue: 12 First page: 430 Publication year: 2017 Publication date: Dec 2017 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2007444657 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007444657?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Dec 2017 Last updated: 2018-04-30 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Life Skills through English Language Laboratory in Educational Institutions of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh Author: Erugu, Satheesh11 Osmania University Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 1,  (Jan 2018): 538. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087376779?accountid=50982 Abstract: The extensive use of preinstalled programmes has been reducing the teaching role in an English language laboratory. A few programmes have the flexibility to modify the questions according to the need of the students in order to achieve the aims and objectives of the language laboratory. English language laboratory can function as a Spoken English Centre because laboratory is meant for language tutorials to the students who cannot perform well along with other students. Actually, these are to be attended by students who voluntarily opt for remedial English classes, but all students are encouraged to come. Lessons and exercises are being recorded on a weekly basis so that the students are exposed to a variety of listening and speaking drills. The separation of the classes has not been taking place according to the level of competence the students have. The language laboratory especially benefits students who are deficient in English and also aims at confidence-building for interviews and competitive examinations. The Language Laboratory sessions also need to include more word games, quizzes, debates and skits, etc., but the objectives of the competitive examinations have been missing in the language lab curriculum. There is scope for identifying methods to strengthen the English language laboratories as equivalent time of regular classes is being spent in a laboratory. Subject: Language laboratories; English language; English as a second language instruction Location: Andhra Pradesh India Telangana India Title: Life Skills through English Language Laboratory in Educational Institutions of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 1 First page: 538 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jan 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2087376779 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087376779?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jan 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-16 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Virtual Teaching of English Language in India Author: Brindha, R Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 1,  (Jan 2018): 148. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087377781?accountid=50982 Abstract: English Language Teaching is the indispensable need of time to run the corporate and in turn to beat the world economy. This reason has instigated the corporate to make their employees proficient in English language. Therefore, the corporate confides in training their professionals through virtual learning ambience during their screening period. Amazing growth of technology aids blended learning through effective strategies combining face-to-face teaching and online learning modes. Technology plays an indispensable role in teaching English. Teachers can blend their course material with useful games, activities, LSRW exercises, grammar exercises, online exercises etc. This helps in running a classroom effectively and enhances the self-study process and group study. This research article is an effort to explore the widely trusted strategies of technology based virtual teaching of English language. Subject: Teaching; Distance learning; Computer assisted language learning; English as a second language instruction Location: India Title: Virtual Teaching of English Language in India Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 1 First page: 148 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jan 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2087377781 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087377781?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jan 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-16 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ One India – Two Preambles for the Constitution of India? Author: Nagarathinam, D11 Theni Kammavar Sangam College of Technology Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 1,  (Jan 2018): 202. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087378609?accountid=50982 Abstract: Almost in every Constitution there is a preamble, which provides the objectives, purposes, nature, scope of the Constitution, etc. The preamble of the Indian constitution is nothing but an introduction of the Indian constitution in short and therefore it is treated as a part of the Constitution. The Constitution of India was finalized by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949 and came into force on January 26, 1950. The Indian Constitution is a very long and elaborate document. It originally contained 395 articles arranged in twenty-two parts and twelve schedules. Since then additions have been made by numerous amendments and some provisions have been repealed. Subject: Constitutions; Politics Location: India Title: One India – Two Preambles for the Constitution of India? Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 1 First page: 202 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jan 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2087378609 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087378609?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jan 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-16 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Varieties of Kashmiri English Author: Gazzalie, Sobial Jahane11 Gujarat University Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 1,  (Jan 2018): 585. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087378689?accountid=50982 Abstract: English is one of the largest spoken languages in the world. It is also widely spoken in India with the influence of different ‘variety’ of Indian languages which ultimately results a variety known as ‘Indian English’. Indian English is serried phrase that refers to variety (various forms) of English used in different states of India. The term ‘variety’ is used to refer to any variant of a language which can be sufficiently delimited from another variant. In general term it is any distinctive form of language or linguistic expression. Linguists commonly use language variety (or simply variety) as a cover term for any of the overlapping subcategories of a language including dialect, idiolect, register and social dialect. In this paper we will discuss one of the varieties of Indian English which is called as ‘Kashmiri English’. This paper will highlight the conditions and main functions of English in Kashmir. It will focus on the sub-varieties of Kashmiri English. Subject: Dialects; Indian English; Idiolects; Language varieties Location: India Kashmir Title: Varieties of Kashmiri English Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 1 First page: 585 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jan 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2087378689 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2087378689?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jan 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-16 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Ethical Issues in Conducting Linguistic Research on Endangered Languages Author: Boruah, Deepa Moni, MA, MPhil, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 2,  (Feb 2018): 54. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082282453?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper intends to discuss the ethical dilemmas that arise in application of ethical principles while conducting field linguistic study on an endangered language. Ethics are a set of values and principles and standards of conduct established by a profession or group. The people associated with the profession or group has to conform to the principles, values and standards of conduct. Ethical principles and values are not based on the concept of efficiency but are based on the standards of morality. Ethics uphold principles and values that are morally right, as against values that are morally wrong. Thus, when issues are analysed ethically, they are seen from the point of view of morality instead of efficiency. Therefore, various kinds of institutions, ranging from medical organizations to law enforcement agencies adhere to certain ethical principles, values or codes. Similarly, the academic fraternity also observes certain ethical guidelines in conducting research work. Linguistic research involves collection of data from respondents. While conducting such researches, a researcher has to adhere with some ethical guidelines and ensure that ethical guidelines are not violated. Language attrition is now a serious problem to be addressed and recently it has become the core area of researchfor Field linguists. Many indigenous languages and dialects became extinct as their speakers stop using the native language over many years. When a language dies out, future generations lose a crucial part of the culture that shapes their beings as disappearance of language carries away the vast knowledge about history, culture, tradition as well as the natural environment. Many tribal languages of India are now on the verge of extinction and an effort has been going on for preservation and conservation of dying languages. A wide documentation of language as well as culture has a great impact in preservation and revitalization of a particular language and the community. A field work was carried out to investigate the endangered language of a particularly vulnerable tribe, the Baiga tribe of Madhya Pradesh. The tribe under study is affluent in their ethno-medicinal practices and other traditional knowledge system. While obtaining the data from participants, a researcher may encounter various ethical problems in the course of research work. The paper discusses the ethical issues that arise in collection of data and practicing visual documentation of the tribe to restore their language and culture. Subject: Research; Language death; Values; Language attrition; Endangered languages; Researchers; Data collection; Linguistics; Ethics; Morality; Indigenous languages Title: Ethical Issues in Conducting Linguistic Research on Endangered Languages Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 2 First page: 54 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Feb 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082282453 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082282453?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Feb 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ General English Syllabus: A Context Based Literature Course (Needs Reforms for Learners’ Present and Future Pursuits) Author: Hussain, Syed Wajahat11 Government Degree College Poonch Jammu and Kashmir-185101 India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2018): 122. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890207?accountid=50982 Abstract: Syllabus is a document which directs teachers and guides the students. It gives a specification of the aims and objectives of the instructional programmes, the content, language skills and functions to be covered, the classroom procedures and processes, the theory underlying these procedures, and mode of assessment. The data for the present paper collected through students’ and teachers’ questionnaires which are designed to understand the needs of the students and expectations of teachers for teaching and learning of the English language and also to find out the perceptions of the undergraduate students and English teachers towards the General English syllabus prescribed by the University of Jammu. Majority of the students and English teachers are in favour of a complete change in the existing General English syllabus as it does not fulfill the aims and objectives of teaching English as a second or foreign language. Students have shown their dissatisfaction in improving the language skills. Therefore, there is an urgent need to look into the existing General English syllabus and make a shift from the traditional and outdated pattern of teaching of English into a newer and updated one. This paper addresses the need to reform General English syllabus at undergraduate level in the University of Jammu with special reference to the importance of the English language teaching. A brief forecast of problems and issues in the teaching of the English language at undergraduate level and recommendations will conclude this paper. Subject: Teaching; English as a second language instruction; Higher education Company / organization: Name: University of Jammu; NAICS: 611310 Title: General English Syllabus: A Context Based Literature Course (Needs Reforms for Learners’ Present and Future Pursuits) Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 3 First page: 122 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Mar 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2092890207 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890207?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-29 Database: Linguistics and Language B ehavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bodo-English Code Switching: A Sociolinguistic Perspective Author: Boro, Jupitara11 The English and Foreign Languages University, Shillong campus, Meghalaya Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Linguistics Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2018): 231. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890558?accountid=50982 Abstract: Bodo is one of the ethnic tribe residing throughout the length and breadth of Assam. The Bodo language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan origin. The word Bodo indicates both the language as well as the community.It is observed that the English language has taken a very important part of our daily life. Moreover, due to the developing technology and globalization, English is used by individuals in everyday conversation. Subsequently, switching to English is observed occurring naturally and effectively during the conversation. Thereupon, switching to English is very common in both rural and urban area. Keeping in view the present linguistic scenario, the research paper examines the social dimensions of Bodo-English code switching. Subject: Globalization; Sociolinguistics; English; Code switching; Sino Tibetan languages; Tibeto Burman languages; Conversation Location: Assam India Title: Bodo-English Code Switching: A Sociolinguistic Perspective Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 3 First page: 231 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Mar 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2092890558 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890558?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Role of a Teacher in English Language Proficiency Among Professional Students in Andhra Pradesh: A Statistical Study Author: Sai, B Sudha1; Reddy, P Srinivasulu11 Dept. of English, G.I.T. GITAM University Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2018): 588. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890571?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present article, a part of a Major UGC Research Project entitled “Emphasis on English Language at the Intermediate Level in Andhra Pradesh” (2013-2016) with a total grant of 4.7 lakhs, is on asserting the need of a teacher as a facilitator in assisting the professional students of engineering and medicine with better English listening, speaking, reading and writing skills with the help of a statistical analysis. As in the present global scenario, the importance of English in education, student’s life and in the process of recruitment cannot be denied. It has become almost a necessity for a student to speak English if he has to enter a global workforce. Its importance in the global market place cannot be understated. as it is the official language. Subject: Medicine; English proficiency; Statistical analysis; English for special purposes; Second language teachers; English as a second language instruction Location: Andhra Pradesh India Title: The Role of a Teacher in English Language Proficiency Among Professional Students in Andhra Pradesh: A Statistical Study Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 3 First page: 588 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Mar 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2092890571 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890571?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Linguistic Features of Horoscopes in Marathi and English Newspapers in India: A Comparative Study Author: Tasildar, Ravindra B11 Department of English and Post-Graduate Research Centre S.N. Arts, D.J. M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College SANGAMNER, Dist. Ahmednagar (Maharashtra State), INDIA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2018): 363. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890832?accountid=50982 Abstract: Horoscopes in newspapers are one of the most read sections by readers. Regular appearance of horoscopes in regional and English language newspapers is a well-established feature of newspapers in India. Nevertheless, the distinctive linguistic features of this genre remain under-researched. This article is a modest attempt to investigate linguistic features of horoscopes with particular reference to daily and weekly horoscopes in select Marathi dailies published in Maharashtra State in January 2012. It also attempts to compare the language of horoscopes in Marathi newspapers with that of select English newspapers in India published in January 2012. Despite studies in Marathi grammar; the register of horoscope in newspapers is a bit neglected. In Indian newspapers in English as well the genre of horoscopes has not been fully explored. The lexical and syntactic features of daily and weekly horoscopes in Marathi and English newspapers in India have been discussed in this article. Brevity, the defining feature of horoscopes, is noticed relatively more in Marathi newspapers than in English newspapers in India. Omission of subject and ellipsis of end verb is a commonly noticed feature of horoscopes in Marathi newspapers. In contrast, horoscopes in English newspapers in India prefer complete sentences. Use of gendered language is the distinguishing feature of horoscopes in Marathi newspapers. Subject: Syntactic features; Marathi; Discourse/Text genres; Newspapers; Indian English; Ellipsis; Astrology Location: India Title: Linguistic Features of Horoscopes in Marathi and English Newspapers in India: A Comparative Study Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 3 First page: 363 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Mar 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2092890832 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2092890832?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Mar 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-27 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Language of Drama and Sign Language Techniques in the Works of Kalidasa Author: Syam11 Linguistics Cell, Development Studies Wing KIRTADS, Kozhikkode-17, Kerala State, India Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2018): 394. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278554?accountid=50982 Abstract: The article titled The Language of Drama and Sign Language Techniques in the works of Kalidasa is written in Malayalam language as ṉāṭakabhāṣayum cinnabhāṣasanketankaļum kāļidāsa kritikaļil. This article deals with the essence of Semiotics in Kalaidasa’s works, especially Abhinjana Shakunthalam. Semiotics is a science which deals with the study of signs. It involves the study of how meanings are made and understood with sign and symbol. Signs are basic elements of human thought and communication. Ferdinand de Saussure is considered to be the founder of linguistics and semiotics. He proposed a dyadic notion of signs, relating the signifier and signified in which the signifier refers to the form of the word or phrase uttered, and the signified refers to the mental concepts. According to Saussure, the sign is completely arbitrary. In this article the aspects of Saussurean model are used to study and identify symbolic metaphors in the great work of Kalidasa Shakuntalam. Subject: Signifiant and signifie; Malayalam; Metaphors; Sign language; Semiotics; Historical text analysis People: Kalidasa (writer) Title: The Language of Drama and Sign Language Techniques in the Works of Kalidasa Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 4 First page: 394 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Apr 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082278554 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278554?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-23 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Bangladeshi EFL Teachers’ Challenges in Dealing with English for Today in the Classroom Author: Alam, Md Mahbubul, MA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2018): 14. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278562?accountid=50982 Abstract: English teachers are struggling with multiple challenges in dealing with English for Today (EFT), the nationally prescribed English course book recommended for the learners of the secondary and the higher secondary levels in Bangladesh. Though the course book is written by a group of venerable scholars, the teacher confronts challenges coming from diverse angles. The English for Today textbook is designed in line with the key concepts of CLT, the representative of western pedagogy- rarely applicable to the eastern academia. Inductive presentation of grammar and other linguistic contents, suggesting too much classroom activities, not having direct relation with the national testing system etc. are responsible for creating a huge crack among teachers, textbook and learners. Besides, lack of properly trained and skilled teachers is a burning issue in English language pedagogy now. Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) was the learning method of most of the English teachers to whom the activities, instructions and teaching contents in the EFT are mostly alien, because GTM is no longer practiced now. Though in the EFT text there is renovation of replacing foreign cultural contents with that of local ones, even the teachers are not being able to cope up with it. As a result, the EFT is still alienated from both teachers and learners. The present study will critically point out why the course book English for Today is still an alien, sometimes object of fear, to both teachers and learners. It will also shed light on some recommendations to minimize the EFT’s gap with the teachers and learners. Subject: Educational activities; Communicative language teaching; Pedagogy; Grammar translation method of language teaching; Second language teachers; English teachers; English as a second language instruction; English as a second language teaching methods Title: Bangladeshi EFL Teachers’ Challenges in Dealing with English for Today in the Classroom Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 4 First page: 14 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Apr 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082278562 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278562?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-09 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Statistical Approach to Emphasis on English Language at the Intermediate Level in Andhra Pradesh Author: Sai, B Sudha; Rao, N Srinivasa Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2018): 362. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278601?accountid=50982 Abstract: This article, a part of a Major UGC Research Project titled “Emphasis on English Language at Intermediate Level in Andhra Pradesh”, (2013-2016) is on examining various reasons for a drop in fluency of English Language among students coming from the Intermediate background and measures suggested to improve their fluency in English at college level. This case study with statistical analysis attempts to examine various reasons that contribute to the Intermediate students' need on emphasizing and developing their English Language skills, as it is not only important as a means of communication in the current global scenario but also crucial in the process of recruitment. Subject: Fluency; Statistical analysis; English language learners; English as a second language learning; English proficiency; English as a second language instruction Location: Andhra Pradesh India Title: A Statistical Approach to Emphasis on English Language at the Intermediate Level in Andhra Pradesh Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 4 First page: 362 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Apr 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082278601 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278601?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-16 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Personal Name in Khurkhul: An approach from Sociolinguistics and Anthropological Linguistics Author: Devi, Louriyam Bebica, PhD, MA, MA Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2018): 33. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278642?accountid=50982 Abstract: Khurkhul is the native tongue of the inhabitants of the Khurkhul village, located approximately 16 km from Imphal, the capital of the northeastern state of Manipur, India. It is said to be a variety of Meiteilon and is a part of the Kuki-Chin language family. According to 2011 population Census, the Khurkhul village has 6450 (which include the present author) of which 3300 are males while 3150 are female. The Khurkhul variety of the Meiteilon language is endangered. The attitude towards a language, especially of the younger generation of native speakers informs whether the language is maintained or ignored. The current situation of the Khurkhul variety of the Meiteilon language is observed in my previous research. I conducted a survey on two hundred people who are mixed of the oldest generation, middle age, and youngest generation. Cent percent of the oldest generation have positive attitude towards their language. Subject: Endangered languages; Language attitudes; Sociolinguistics; Anthropological linguistics; Onomastics; Personal names Location: Khurkhul India Title: Personal Name in Khurkhul: An approach from Sociolinguistics and Anthropological Linguistics Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 4 First page: 33 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Apr 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082278642 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278642?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-06 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Use of Smart Phone Applications (Apps) for English Language Learning Author: Nikam, Sandip J, MA, BEd, SET PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2018): 329. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278684?accountid=50982 Abstract: This is the age of globalization and technological advancements. Globalization and technological advancement brought plenty of opportunities and career options to the under graduating and post graduating population in India. English has emerged as the major language of this age. It has become a global language in the present era. Millions of people want to learn English language today. As far as India is concerned, English is the second language in India. However, it is found that most of the students of undergraduate classes and postgraduate classes are poor in English. So as teachers, we have to take lots of efforts for making students use the language in their day today use in and outside of the classroom. We also need to take technological help. This paper is an attempt to find out how mobile applications (Apps) can be useful in the classroom to teach English language. Subject: Globalization; English as a second language learning; Cell phones; Cellular telephones; Computer assisted language learning Location: India Title: Use of Smart Phone Applications (Apps) for English Language Learning Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 4 First page: 329 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Apr 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Lite rature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082278684 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082278684?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-09 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Teachers’ Role in Implementation of English Language Teaching Policies in Public Primary Schools of Rural Area in Punjab, Pakistan Author: Rafique, Nida, MPhil; Sultan, Babar, MPhil; Ahmad, Shabbir; Imran, Muhammad, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 4,  (Apr 2018): 252. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082279398?accountid=50982 Abstract: Pakistan is a multi-lingual country, and the national language is Urdu while officially focused language is English. In Pakistan, Govt. is trying to implement English as a medium of instruction from class one to graduation. For this purpose, several policies were formulated from first language policy in 1958 to date. The basic motive behind such policies is to make the students proficient in English language and its fluent usage to compete with the worldwide challenges. That is why parents prefer to send their children to good English Medium Schools instead of public schools, so that they can learn good English as it’s perceived as a passport for better opportunities in life. Descriptive method is opted to analyze the implementation of language policies in rural schools of Punjab. The data is collected with the help of questionnaires, surveys, interviews and classroom observations from 20 English language teachers and their students, currently teaching at primary levels in various rural public schools. The current study finds that English medium policy proves to be a counter-productive as the students show very poor performance in language proficiency. The factors which involved are lack of trained teachers, socio-cultural dynamics, poverty, weak pedagogies and overall atmosphere of the schools especially in public sector play vital role in the failure of language policies. The present study proposes that English language policy at early schooling is good but it should be monitored for a long time in schools. Subject: Teaching; Public schools; National languages; Language proficiency; English language; Cultural factors; Language policy; Language of instruction; Rural areas; Elementary education; Hindi; Teachers; Surveys; English; Language use Location: Punjab Pakistan Title: Teachers’ Role in Implementation of English Language Teaching Policies in Public Primary Schools of Rural Area in Punjab, Pakistan Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 4 First page: 252 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Apr 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082279398 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082279398?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Apr 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-23 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Case Assignment in Khoibu Author: Singh, L Bijenkumar11 Nagaland University Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 79. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283272?accountid=50982 Abstract: This study undertakes a description of case marking and its semantic role in Khoibu (Uipo), an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the Machi sub-division of Chandel district, Manipur, which is 64 km. away from Imphal and lies in the south-eastern part of Manipur at 24o40' N Latitude and 93o50' E Longitude and its neighbors are Myanmar (Burma) on the south, Ukhrul district on the east, Churachandpur district on the south and west, and Thoubal district on the north. The language is spoken by around 2,800 speakers. The literal meaning of this tribe is derived from ‘khoi’ and ‘pu’, where ‘khoi’ means ‘bee’ and ‘pu’ means ‘owner’. Thus the term refers to the speakers of this language as the ones who own ‘bee’, ‘beehives’ and ‘honey’ in the indigenous land of Khoibu territory. As none of the latter classifications on Tibeto-Burman make any attempt to relate Khoibu with other group, as per Grierson’s linguistic survey of India, this language belongs to the Naga-Kuki sub group of Tibeto-Burman family. The present study will try to show the different case marking in Khoibu. The study is not intended to provide an exhaustive discussion of all theories about case and its assignment. The study is limited within the framework of descriptive approach. Subject: Endangered languages; Case marking; Semantic roles; Tibeto Burman languages Title: Case Assignment in Khoibu Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 79 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Languageof publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082283272 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283272?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-22 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Tribal/Minority Languages in Education: A Case of Karbi and Mising of Assam Author: Devi, Ch Sarajubala11 North East Regional Institute of Education(NERIE-NCERT), Shillong Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 342. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283868?accountid=50982 Abstract: India is a multilingual country with 780 languages written in 66 scripts (PLSI), of which 22 are scheduled languages. India’s North East has about 220 languages which fall under three linguistic families. Every Indian school has a reflection of this multilingualism in terms of the numbers of languages coming into a class. The country set mother tongue based multilingual education as a goal of school education (National Curriculum Framework: NCF 2005) the stand has been re affirmed through Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009. As a response to these initiatives as well as from the recent trend of identity assertion phenomena in North East India, many tribal/minority languages are emerging in the school education curriculum. Karbi and Mising language of Assam have been introduced in the Education system in 1980s but the recent field work conducted in the two languages reveals that the people at large are not aware of the significance of bringing tribal languages in education rather it is considered as one of the initiatives of the government and there is not much people can do about sustaining these languages in education. The paper intends to look into the challenges of sustaining tribal languages in the education system in today’s globalised world. Subject: Access to education; Bilingual education; Multilingualism; Curricula; Minority languages; Sino Tibetan languages Location: India Title: Tribal/Minority Languages in Education: A Case of Karbi and Mising of Assam Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 342 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082283868 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283868?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-17 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Gurezi Shina: A Typological Sketch Author: Qadir, Amreen1; Anand, Tanima11 Shri Mata Vaishnu Devi University Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 43. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283923?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present study aims at exploring the phonological and morpho-syntactic traits of Gurezi, which is a dialect of Shina language. The Shina language, itself belongs to the Dardic sub-group of Indo-Aryan language family. This language is primarily spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Dah Hanu, Gurais and Dras in India. The alternate names of the language are Shinaki and Sina. The language shows its various speech varieties such as Gilgiti, Astori, Chilasi, Kohistani, Drasi, Gurezi, Jalkoti, Kolai and Palasi. The Gurezi dialect of Shina is spoken in the Gurais region of Kashmir in the Republic of India. As far as the phonology of Gurezi Shina is analysed, it comprises of segmental vowel phonemes, suprasegmental phonemes and consonant phonemes which are described in the paper. The morphology of Shina language is also examined while taking the Nouns, numbers, pronoun, gender, and case suffix into consideration. The data for the research is purely descriptive and it has been compiled because of a number of field trips to the valley of Gurez. Subject: Suffixes; Regional dialects; Phonological analysis; Syntax phonology relationship; Language typology; Indic languages; Morphological analysis; Phonemes Location: India Title: Gurezi Shina: A Typological Sketch Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 43 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082283923 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283923?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-22 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language of Opportunity, But Not Well Taken Care of: Motivational Factors Affecting English Language Instruction Secondary Level in Bangladesh Author: Taher, G M Abu11 Aligarh Muslim University Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 1. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283993?accountid=50982 Abstract: Despite the growing opportunities of economic development offered by English language, Bangladesh as a nation yet seems to be unaware of the modes of operation of making English language education widely popular. Facts such as low level of learner motivation, inadequate level of public awareness, and below average level of teacher competency act as affecive factors, even though English has gained an enviable social status in Bengali context, these days. It plays an important role in the administration, mass communication, and the pursuit of knowledge. Further, it is popular in each and every walk of international relations. This paper tries to trace the area of problems in teaching and learning English as the second language at secondary level schools of Bangladesh with an analytical approach in particular. Bangladesh is a south Asian over populated country. An evaluation has been made for the assessment of the current status of the teaching English language in this region and of course the problems faced by the learners. The teaching of English language in Bangladesh, where predominant languages are Bangla, Chittagonian, Sylheti, Rohingya and Chatgaya (dialectical language in tribal areas). The provincial governments have been trying to develop awareness about the utilitarian aspects of English as a global language. However, several governmental initiatives have failed to attract the interest of the students at secondary schools. Although Bangladesh is situated in a place where English native speakers come to visit the sea port, the largest hills, the scenic beauty of the valleys, forests and so on, the people of the areas especially teachers and students hardly take any interest to interact and communicate with them. It has been observed that lack of availability of adequate and well-trained teachers, the socio-economic backwardness of the population etc. do hinder the government initiatives in spreading the use of English as a language of opportunity. This paper attempts to go into some depth, exploring the reasons of the cultural distancing attitude of the common public towards English language and its use. Subject: Social class; Secondary education; English as a second language teaching methods; English as a second language--ESL; English as a second language instruction; Bengali; Motivation; International relations; Mass media; Language attitudes; English as a second language learning; Interpersonal communication; Secondary school students; Second language teachers Location: Bangladesh Title: Language of Opportunity, But Not Well Taken Care of: Motivational Factors Affecting English Language Instruction Secondary Level in Bangladesh Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 1 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082283993 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283993?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-23 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Endangered Language, Identity Crisis and the Vanishing Community: A Sociolinguistic Study of Darma Author: Pandey, Ashish Kumar11 University of Lucknow Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 70. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284083?accountid=50982 Abstract: Language and social identity are indispensably related and dependent on each other. In many cases, the language of a community defines and constructs the identity of the community; it is very much evident in the case of Darma people. The entire Darma community is known after the language that they speak, which is, Darma. Of late, the community is facing an identity crisis as their language amidst pressures from the dominant languages like Hindi, is shifting. Though, the shift appears to be Linguistic, it has some deeper repercussions as the whole Darma culture is affected. This research paper attempts to locate possible reasons of language shift and its sociocultural effect on the community, for instance, lack of school education in Darma medium is one of the reasons of language shift among others which is distancing these people from their culture and training them in other dominant languages and cultures like Hindi and English. Furthermore, on the basis of the findings, the paper finds that Darma language needs to be protected and preserved not only to save an endangered language but also to help Darma people retain their identity and culture which are embedded in their language. The study has been conducted by using observation method and personal interview with the respondents. Subject: Endangered languages; Sociolinguistics; English; Language shift; Hindi; Cultural identity; Language culture relationship; Respondents; Speech communities; Sino Tibetan languages Title: Endangered Language, Identity Crisis and the Vanishing Community: A Sociolinguistic Study of Darma Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 70 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082284083 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284083?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-23 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Language Ideologies and Multilingualism: Discourses of the Loss of Language Author: MetiMallikarjun11 Kuvempu University, Vidyanagar Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 269. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284212?accountid=50982 Abstract: This paper attempts to explore an ecological understanding of the loss of language in a multilingual country such as India. India is abundantly blessed with linguistic diversity. Tribal, minorities’, and non-schedule languages can significantly contribute to the development of linguistic diversity of this country. Linguistic pluralities and ideologies intrinsically exist in various forms of sociolinguistic narratives of our societies. These narratives happen to be the primary representations of subaltern groups and also marginalized communities of this country. In this paper, we point out linguistic diversities and ideologies in ‘commonsense’ beliefs, political and sociocultural orientations. However, there is a cultural and linguistic loss that always takes place in the process of linguistic globalization and imperialism. Subject: Globalization; Sociolinguistics; Multilingualism; Language ideology; Language diversity; Narratives; Beliefs; Politics Location: India Title: Language Ideologies and Multilingualism: Discourses of the Loss of Language Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 269 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082284212 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284212?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-23 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ A Statistical Approach to Requirement of English Language Proficiency in the Realms of Engineering and Medicine in Andhra Pradesh Author: Sai, B Sudha1; Rao, N Srinivasa11 G.I.T, GITAM University Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 384. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284301?accountid=50982 Abstract: In a student’s academic career of Andhra Pradesh, Intermediate is the turning point where his future gets decided. There is no doubt that majority of the students here are eager to join professional courses like Engineering and Medical stream. They are not given a chance to pursue the course for which they have flair or aptitude. Moreover, a student who is good at English in school tends to neglect English at the Intermediate level by over-emphasis on science subjects. In addition to it his parents too believe that only Engineering and Medicine courses would fetch him a good job. The present article, a part of a Major UGC Research Project entitled “Emphasis on English Language at Intermediate Level in Andhra Pradesh” (2013-2016) with a total grant of 4.7 lakhs, is on asserting the role of English language in a professional student’s career and the need for English Language Proficiency in the domains of Engineering and Medicine in Andhra Pradesh with the help of a statistical analysis. Subject: Engineering; Medicine; English proficiency; Statistical analysis; English as a second language--ESL; English as a second language Location: Andhra Pradesh India Title: A Statistical Approach to Requirement of English Language Proficiency in the Realms of Engineering and Medicine in Andhra Pradesh Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 384 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082284301 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284301?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-23 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Overview of Language, Culture and Identity of the Oraon Tribe in Odisha Author: Xalxo, Albin Rico11 University of Hyderabad Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 5,  (May 2018): 27. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284462?accountid=50982 Abstract: The Oraon community people who speak Kurux, a north Dravidian language, have a long history of culture and community life. Major concentration of these people is in the districts of Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh which formed Chotanagpur earlier and Central Provinces the homeland of Oraon from where they have migrated to other parts of the country for their livelihood, and to the neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. The census of India 2001 figures the population of Kurux speaking population as 1,750,000. Oraon is one of the major tribes in Odisha among other 62 tribes. The Oraons have always lived together with other tribal groups viz. Kisan, Munda, Kharia etc. in the village. Sadri is used as a link language within these tribal communities in the village. The Oraon community people are losing their language in favour of Sadri, Hindi, Odia and other languages. Sadri is an Indo-Aryan language which is a dominant role player in replacing Kurux in most of the Oraon villages. They used to play musical instruments like 'mandar' and 'nagda' (both are two different kinds of drum), and sing folk songs and traditional dance in 'akhra' a dance floor in a village on the occasion of different seasonal festivals. Every festival had different folk songs and different styles of dance. They are vanishing slowly. The worship of gods and goddesses at 'sarna' a place of worship under a shade of sacred grove, are found rarely. This paper is an attempt to trace linguistic situation of the Oraon tribe in Odisha who are moving away from their aboriginal language and culture. It also focuses on the steps that need to be taken for revitalizing the language and grow awareness about the language, culture and identity of the people. The data analysed for this study includes the census data, literatures related to this tribes and personal interactions and interviews with the informants in the villages of Sundargarh district. Subject: Musical instruments; Language revitalization; Hindi; Dance; Cultural identity; Folk music; Language culture relationship; Respondents; Indic languages Title: An Overview of Language, Culture and Identity of the Oraon Tribe in Odisha Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 5 First page: 27 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: May 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082284462 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284462?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India May 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-22 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Humanistic Approach to Language Acquisition Author: Swathi, C H, MPhil, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2018): 271. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082282465?accountid=50982 Abstract: Intelligibility is considered as one of the most important parameters while assessing the language skills of a person and it is regarded as the primary understanding of a person’s communication ability. In order to be intelligible, one needs to be good at language application which should be taught in a positive and stress-free environment. It has been observed that Engineering students in Andhra Pradesh (India) have some problems in pronunciation due to various reasons, the major reason being mother tongue influence. This appliesto many other Indian states where mother tongue accent influences communication in English. This variation between the first language and English causes many difficulties in mastering the English language. Since language is a skill that is functional in nature and is used in everyday situations, care should be taken by facilitators while imparting the skills to young learners. In this context this paper discusses the major impact factors of humanistic approach in which an effective teaching and learning process, learner motivation, good learning environment, and effective role of the facilitator are included. Subject: Motivation; Intelligibility; Learning environment; Pronunciation instruction; English as a second language instruction Location: Andhra Pradesh India Title: Humanistic Approach to Language Acquisition Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 6 First page: 271 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jun 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082282465 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082282465?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ An Ethnolinguistic Study of Koch Author: Shaikh, Rahamat, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2018): 160. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283335?accountid=50982 Abstract: The present paper aims at providing a preliminary description of the endangered linguistic identity of the Koch community of West Bengal through historical point of view. According to UNESCO (ISO 639-3), this is a severely endangered language in India. Koch consists of an indigenous community in the northern part of West Bengal. Historically major population of Koch community was distributed around different regions of North Bengal, particularly in the districts of Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur and the plains areas of Darjeeling district and Cooch Behar. Other than North Bengal, they are now living at Dhubri, Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Goalpara, Kamrup, Shonitpur and Darrang districts of Assam; and West Garo-Hills district of Meghalaya and Bangladesh. They are also scattered in a small number almost in all other districts of Assam and six other states of North Eastern India. The 2011 census of India put the number of speakers at 31,119. There are many debates on the origin; ethnic identity of the Koch.Amidst all these debates, it is agreed by most of the scholars, and historians that the Koch originated from Koch, a tribal community belonging to Tibeto-Burman language family (Grierson, 1903). According to Rebati Mohan Saha, they opted for the change of their name without least hesitation in later times. After independence of India, a number of Koch people have changed their name from the Koch to the Rabha to get maximum benefit from the government.Asa result of this process there are many cases of anomaly: a father with a Koch title but his son having a Rabha one. At present the Koches and the Rabhas are their sect-names with their title, such as the ‘Kama’, ‘Hakasam’, ‘Bantho’, ‘Nogra’, etc. Subject: Endangered languages; Linguistic identity; Cultural identity; Ethnolinguistics; Tibeto Burman languages; Speech communities Location: West Bengal India Title: An Ethnolinguistic Study of Koch Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 6 First page: 160 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jun 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082283335 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283335?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Everyday Problems in Teaching English Language to Young Learners Author: Sirisha, I, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2018): 218. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283856?accountid=50982 Abstract: Teaching any second language, particularly English has always been a strenuous task, especially while dealing with the students who come from different cultures and backgrounds, as it involves some complexities which can be overcome through the application of appropriate strategies. English language has put down firm roots in India from the inception of the British rule. Initially English was taught to the people by the missionaries, and slowly it developed as an official language. People treat English as a tool for social advancement even after the British rule; no other vernacular language has tried to replace this foreign language. English has become the lingua franca of international transactions in the globalized world. Young learners require an ever-increasing range of skills to maintain relevance with the global environment of the new millennium. For students whose mother tongue is not English, mastering English is very important, not only for their academic life, but also for their prospective career. English is a matron nurse who makes delivery of ideas easy, but as a medium of instruction it poses many challenges both for learners and teachers. Mother tongue influence is one of the serious threats to the advancement of learning, which should be dealt dexterously. Pronunciation is one of the language traits which is seriously affected by mother tongue. The socio–cultural background of an individual helps propel forward a very strong impact of mother tongue on English teaching and learning. This paper includes an analysis of the problems in teaching English Language to young learners and strategies to meet these challenges. Subject: Teaching; English language; Early second language learning; Pronunciation instruction; Linguistic interference; English as a second language instruction Title: Everyday Problems in Teaching English Language to Young Learners Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 6 First page: 218 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jun 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082283856 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283856?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Ollari Gadaba: An Endangered Dravidian Language Author: Bapuji, Mendem, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2018): 104. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283912?accountid=50982 Abstract: The vast population of India is composed of different ethnic groups with diverse cultures and languages. In spite of this diversity, languages along with their cultures existed side by side for centuries. Modernization and Globalization have become great threat to these minor and ignored languages of the country. The study on various languages spoken by the different ethnic groups, especially the tribal languages contributed a lot to the linguistic canvas in India and abroad. Ollari Gadaba is a tribal Dravidian language spoken in the border areas of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. There are two sections of the Gadaba community namely, Gutob-Gadaba and Dravidian Gadaba. The former group speaks a Munda language and the latter group speaks Dravidian languages such as Koṇḍēkōr and Ollari. Burrow and Emeneau (1961) treat Ollari Gadaba and Koṇḍēkōr Gadaba as dialects of the same language, but Krishnamurti (2003) kept them apart as languages under the Proto Central Dravidian languages. These Dravidian Gadabas are found in the Vijaynagaram district of Andhra Pradesh and in the Koraput district of Odisha. The language spoken in Koraput is known as Ollari Gadaba and the one spoken in Andhra Pradesh is called as Koṇḍēkōr Gadaba. In this present paper, I would like to discuss the endangerment scenario of Ollari Gadaba and various steps to be taken for the preservation of it. Subject: Endangered languages; Globalization; Regional dialects; Dravidian languages; Cultural differences; Minority & ethnic groups; Cultural groups; Language culture relationship Location: India Title: Ollari Gadaba: An Endangered Dravidian Language Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 6 First page: 104 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jun 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082283912 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082283912?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Humour in English Language Communication Skills (ELCS) Training Author: Raghavendra, C, PhD Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2018): 156. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284413?accountid=50982 Abstract: The existence of the human beings mostly depends on language. Most of the activities of the people need the use of language. The English Language communication has become an influential factor for the majority of the people in the present globalized world. So, all most all the educational institutes are giving much importance to train their students in English Language Communication Skills (ELCS). Training is always learner-centered instruction. The role of a teacher in ELCS is a mere facilitator. As English is not mother tongue for the learners who learn English as a second language, effective environment should be created in order to make them participate actively in learning English language and possessing communication skills. Criticism and very strict learning environment can never make the learner learn English language skills. Using humour makes him feel good and instills confidence to learn and communicate in English. This paper exposes the need of humour in ELCS training. Subject: Communication; Second language teachers; Learning environment; English as a second language--ESL; Humor; English as a second language instruction Title: Humour in English Language Communication Skills (ELCS) Training Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 6 First page: 156 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jun 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082284413 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284413?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ The Evolution of Codified Language with Special Reference to Farrukhabad’s Haat Bazaar (Open-air Market) Author: Khan, Ahbab Publication info: Language in India ; Bloomington  Vol. 18, Iss. 6,  (Jun 2018): 348. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284498?accountid=50982 Abstract: The sign language used by the traders is very much emphatic during the local animal fairs (pəšu mela) in the area or region specially the village region. This type of language could also be named as trade language, i.e., Bazaar language being put up for selling and buying of animals from the other commission agents (a:ṛ h ətɪya:z) or even by traders themselves. As this language involves the codes i.e. the expressions or words specific for that region gives a special impact to the whole surrounding i.e. even the local residents are not aware of these codes. It is just similar to the codes used by the army personnel who are using these expressions. All these codes have a direct relationship with the normal human verbal language or even the expressions used in other haat bazaar of the region. A general definition of haat bazaar is “A haat bazaar, most often called only haat or hat, is an open-air market that serves as a trading venue for local people in rural areas and some towns of Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Haat bazaars are conducted on a regular basis, i.e. once, twice, or three times a week and in some places every two weeks. At times, haat bazaars are organized in a different manner, to support or promote trading by and with rural people.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haat_bazaar) Let me introduce one more concept of convergence and divergence in Kannauji used in consonance with the bazaar language or the codified form of trade language spoken in Farrukhabad district. Subject: Rural areas; Trade languages; Phonological stylistics; Sign language; Sociolinguistics; Language usage Location: Farrukhabad India Title: The Evolution of Codified Language with Special Reference to Farrukhabad’s Haat Bazaar (Open-air Market) Publication title: Language in India; Bloomington Volume: 18 Issue: 6 First page: 348 Publication year: 2018 Publication date: Jun 2018 Publisher: Language in India Place of publication: Bloomington Country of publication: United States, Bloomington Publication subject: Linguistics, Literature Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Journal Article ProQuest document ID: 2082284498 Document URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2082284498?accountid=50982 Copyright: Copyright Language in India Jun 2018 Last updated: 2018-08-08 Database: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) ____________________________________________________________ Contact us at: http://www.proquest.com/go/pqissupportcontact Database copyright © 2018 ProQuest LLC. 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