FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Richdale, AL Baker, E Short, M Gradisar, M AF Richdale, Amanda L. Baker, Emma Short, Michelle Gradisar, Michael TI The role of insomnia, pre-sleep arousal and psychopathology symptoms in daytime impairment in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder SO SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Insomnia; Daytime functioning; Anxiety; Arousal; Depression; Adolescence ID ANXIETY DISORDERS; CHILDREN; DISTURBANCES; DEPRESSION; REDUCTION; PARENT AB Objectives: Sleep disturbance and psychopathology are common during adolescence and are highly prevalent in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between sleep disturbance, psychopathology symptoms, and daytime functioning in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) compared to typically developing (TD) adolescents. Methods: Twenty-seven adolescents with HFASD and 27 age- and sex-matched TD adolescents completed questionnaires related to sleep, psychopathology and daytime functioning. Participants also completed a 7-day sleep/wake diary. A subsample of HFASD adolescents (55%) and all the TD adolescents wore an actigraphy monitor concurrently with the sleep diary. Results: Adolescents with HFASD had significantly higher scores for depressed mood, anxiety and pre-sleep arousal compared with TD adolescents and poorer daytime functioning. There were more significant correlations between sleep variables and psychopathology variables, and sleep variables and daytime functioning, in the HFASD group than in the TD group. Standard regression found that sleep variables significantly accounted for 57% of the variance in daytime functioning symptoms of insufficient sleep in the HFASD group, while psychopathology variables accounted for 63% of the variance in daytime functioning. Conclusions: Both sleep disturbance and psychopathology are more prevalent in adolescents with HFASD and are major contributors to poor daytime functioning in these individuals. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richdale, Amanda L.; Baker, Emma] La Trobe Univ, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Sch Psychol Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Short, Michelle] Univ S Australia, Ctr Sleep Res, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Gradisar, Michael] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Psychol, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Richdale, AL (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Sch Psychol Sci, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1082 EP 1088 DI 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.05.005 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO6TA UT WOS:000341483200013 PM 24974199 ER PT J AU Angell, AM Solomon, O AF Angell, Amber M. Solomon, Olga TI The social life of health records: Understanding families' experiences of autism SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE USA; African American; Autism; Family perspectives; Health record; Health disparities; Healthcare disparities; Meaningful use ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; CARE; CALIFORNIA; CAPITATION; AGE AB Outside of the epidemiological surveillance studies of autism prevalence, health records of children diagnosed with autism have not been sufficiently examined, yet they provide an important lens for showing how autism diagnosis, services and interventions are negotiated, coordinated and choreographed by families and practitioners across multiple settings. This article provides a multifaceted understanding of these processes from an ethnographic and discourse analytic perspective that reveals structural and interactional phenomena contributing to disparities in autism diagnosis and services. We consider health records as dualistic, material-discursive artifacts that are socio-interactionally co-constructed and variably interpreted, contested and utilized across home, school and clinic contexts. We chronicle several families' experiences of their children's autism diagnoses and interventions and describe ways in which health records are socially constructed, curated and placed in the middle of clinical encounters. We show how the parents in our study draw upon health records' material-discursive properties to display epistemic authority, expertise and knowledge in interactions with healthcare and school professionals involved in authorizing and planning their children's care. We describe how the parents experience the health records' clinical portrayals of their children and themselves, and how the parents' portrayals of their children are tacitly ratified or negated in the health records. The data include health record reviews, narrative interviews with parents and practitioners, and clinical observations. These data were collected between October 2009 and August 2012 as part of a larger study on disparities in autism diagnosis, interventions and services experienced by African American children with autism and their families living in Los Angeles County, California. Our analysis reveals the central role of health records in maintaining continuity of an autism diagnosis, interventions and services. This article contributes to enhanced professional awareness, parent-professional partnerships, and equity in the provision of healthcare and human services related to autism. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Angell, Amber M.; Solomon, Olga] Univ So Calif, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Angell, AM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM aangell@usc.edu; olga.solomon@usc.edu FU grant Autism in Urban Context: Linking Heterogeneity with Health and Service Disparities (NIH/NIMH) [R01 MH089474]; Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy at the USC Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry FX We are deeply grateful to the children and their families who participated in this study. This study was supported by a grant Autism in Urban Context: Linking Heterogeneity with Health and Service Disparities (NIH/NIMH, R01 MH089474, 2009-2012, O. Solomon, P.I.). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health or the National Institutes of Health. We thank the members of the Autism in Urban Context research team: Mary Lawlor, ScD, Sharon Cermak, EdD, Marie Poulsen, PhD, Thomas Valente, PhD, Marian Williams, PhD, and Larry Yin, MD; and post-doctoral researchers Kimberly Wilkinson, PhD and Tessa Milman, OTD. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy at the USC Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bakhtin M. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 117 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.020 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AO6SF UT WOS:000341481100007 PM 25042544 ER PT J AU Fahnehjelm, KT Dahl, S Martin, L Ek, U AF Fahnehjelm, Kristina Tear Dahl, Sara Martin, Lene Ek, Ulla TI Optic nerve hypoplasia in children and adolescents; prevalence, ocular characteristics and behavioural problems SO ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE behaviour disc; area optic nerve hypoplasia; prevalence ID DOUBLING TECHNOLOGY PERIMETRY; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; SWEDISH CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; SYSTEM ABNORMALITIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DYSPLASIA; SPECTRUM; RAREBIT; REAPPRAISAL AB Purpose: To report prevalence, ocular characteristics and coexisting behavioural problems in children and adolescents with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), which is a common cause of visual impairment in children in western countries, often associated with neurological or endocrinological problems and where autism has been reported in severe cases with blindness. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study of patients <20 years of age who had been diagnosed with NH and lived in the county of Stockholm in December 2009. Ophthalmological assessments including fundus photographs with optic disc analyses were made. A questionnaire was used to screen for behaviour and development. Results: The prevalence of ONH in all living children <18 years of age in Stockholm was 17.3/100 000 with a prevalence of visual impairment (<0.3) of 3.9/100 000. In total, 66 patients, median age 9.3 years (0.6-19.4), 36 with bilateral and 30 with unilateral ONH, were included in the current study; 53 were re-examined clinically, group A, and 13 agreed to retrospective analyses of existing medical records, group B. Analyses of the optic discs were made in fundus photographs from 53 patients comparing a semi-automated (Retinal Size Tool) and a manual method (Zeki). There was a strong curvilinear correlation (r(S) = 0.91 p < 0.0001 for both eyes). Behavioural problems were more common (p < 0.05) in bilateral ONII. Conclusion: Optic nerve hypoplasia is a common ocular malformation with a prevalence of 17.3/100 000 children and adolescents <18 years of age in Stockholm. Unilateral ONH seems as common as bilateral. C1 [Fahnehjelm, Kristina Tear] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Fahnehjelm, Kristina Tear] Karolinska Univ Hosp, St Erik Eye Hosp, Dept Paediat Ophthalmol & Strabismus, Stockholm, Sweden. [Dahl, Sara] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, Stockholm, Sweden. [Martin, Lene] Malardalen Univ, Sch Hlth Care & Social Welf, Eskilstuna, Sweden. [Ek, Ulla] Stockholm Univ, Dept Special Educ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Fahnehjelm, KT (reprint author), Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Neuroscienc, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. EM kristina.tear-fahnehjelm@sankterik.se FU Sigvard och Marianne Bernadotte Foundation; Signhild Engkvist Foundation; Samariten Foundation FX This project has been supported by the Sigvard och Marianne Bernadotte Foundation, the Signhild Engkvist Foundation and the Samariten Foundation. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 92 IS 6 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1111/aos.12270 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA AN4VD UT WOS:000340585800033 ER PT J AU Leivonen, S Voutilainen, A Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, S Timonen-Soivio, L Chudal, R Gissler, M Huttunen, J Sourander, A AF Leivonen, Susanna Voutilainen, Arja Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, Susanna Timonen-Soivio, Laura Chudal, Roshan Gissler, Mika Huttunen, Jukka Sourander, Andre TI A nationwide register study of the characteristics, incidence and validity of diagnosed Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE Incidence; Register-based study; Tic disorder; Tourette's syndrome; Validation ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SEVERITY-SCALE; BIRTH COHORT; RISK-FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; AGE AB Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and incidence rates of diagnosed tic disorders in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register, including changing incidence rates between 1991 and 2010. We also aimed to validate the diagnoses of Tourette's syndrome recorded in the register. Methods: Children born between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2010, who were diagnosed with tic disorders, were identified from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (n = 3003). We studied the validity of the Tourette's syndrome diagnoses by reviewing the medical charts of 88 children born since 1997 and carrying out telephone interviews with 55 of their guardians. Results: The incidence rates of all diagnosed tic disorders increased during the study period. A comorbid diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder diagnosis was recorded in 28.2% of the children with Tourette's syndrome, and the validity of the register-based Tourette's syndrome diagnosis was approximately 95%. Conclusion: This is the first nationwide study to demonstrate the increasing incidence of all register-based tic disorder diagnoses. The validity of the Tourette's syndrome diagnoses in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was good, and the data provided are suitable for use in further register-based studies of tic disorders. C1 [Leivonen, Susanna; Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, Susanna; Timonen-Soivio, Laura; Chudal, Roshan; Gissler, Mika; Huttunen, Jukka; Sourander, Andre] Univ Turku, Dept Child Psychiat, Turku, Finland. [Leivonen, Susanna; Voutilainen, Arja; Timonen-Soivio, Laura] Univ Helsinki, Childrens Hosp, Helsinki, Finland. [Leivonen, Susanna; Voutilainen, Arja; Timonen-Soivio, Laura] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland. [Gissler, Mika] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf THL, Helsinki, Finland. [Gissler, Mika] Nord Sch Publ Hlth NHV, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Sourander, Andre] Turku Univ Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. [Sourander, Andre] UiT, RKBU, Tromso, Norway. RP Leivonen, S (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Child Psychiat, Kliininen Laitos, Turun 20014, Finland. EM susanna.leivonen@utu.fi RI Chudal, Roshan/C-1067-2015 FU Sigrid Juselius Foundation; Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation; Academy of Finland FX We are grateful to families who participated in the interview study and the people in Helsinki and Turku University central hospitals and Rovaniemi, Jyvaskyla and Mikkeli central hospitals who did help with the identification of the children and gathering the data. We would also like to thank data manager Juha-Pekka Virtanen and project coordinator Tanja Sarlin and Jarna Lindroos at the Department of child psychiatry, Turku University hospital. The study was funded by Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation and Academy of Finland. On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interests. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-119.5.389 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AO3XQ UT WOS:000341271000001 PM 25148054 ER PT J AU Totsika, V Hastings, RP Vagenas, D Emerson, E AF Totsika, Vasiliki Hastings, Richard Patrick Vagenas, Dimitrios Emerson, Eric TI Parenting and the Behavior Problems of Young Children With an Intellectual Disability: Concurrent and Longitudinal Relationships in a Population-Based Study SO AJIDD-AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE intellectual disability; parenting; longitudinal; parent-child relationship ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; MATERNAL MENTAL-HEALTH; STONES TRIPLE P; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITY; RELATIONSHIP QUALITY; EMOTIONAL-PROBLEMS; SYMPTOMS; CHAOS AB We examined parenting behaviors, and their association with concurrent and later child behavior problems. Children with an intellectual disability (ID) were identified from a UK birth cohort (N = 516 at age 5). Compared to parents of children without an ID, parents of children with an ID used discipline less frequently, but reported a more negative relationship with their child. Among children with an ID, discipline, and home atmosphere had no long-term association with behavior problems, whereas relationship quality did: closer relationships were associated with fewer concurrent and later child behavior problems. Increased parent-child conflict was associated with greater concurrent and later behavior problems. Parenting programs in ID could target parent-child relationship quality as a potential mediator of behavioral improvements in children. C1 [Totsika, Vasiliki; Hastings, Richard Patrick] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Vagenas, Dimitrios] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Emerson, Eric] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 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J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 422 EP 435 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-119.5.422 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AO3XQ UT WOS:000341271000003 PM 25148056 ER PT J AU Shire, SY Kasari, C AF Shire, Stephanie Yoshiko Kasari, Connie TI Train the Trainer Effectiveness Trials of Behavioral Intervention for Individuals With Autism: A Systematic Review SO AJIDD-AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE effectiveness trials; Train-the-Trainer; autism; intervention ID JOINT ATTENTION INTERVENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; PSYCHOTHERAPY; PRESCHOOLERS; PROGRAM; MODEL AB This systematic review examines train the trainer (TTT) effectiveness trials of behavioral interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 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R., 2001, EUROPEAN CHILD AND A, V10, p1/12 WEISZ JR, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1578, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.47.12.1578 Weisz JR, 2012, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V69, P274, DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.147 World Health Organization, 2005, MENTAL HEALTH POLICY NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ASSOC INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA SN 1944-7515 EI 1944-7558 J9 AJIDD-AM J INTELLECT JI AJIDD-Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 436 EP 451 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-119.5.436 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AO3XQ UT WOS:000341271000004 PM 25148057 ER PT J AU Lieberman-Betz, RG Yoder, P Stone, WL Nahmias, AS Carter, AS Celimli-Aksoy, S Messinger, DS AF Lieberman-Betz, Rebecca G. Yoder, Paul Stone, Wendy L. Nahmias, Allison S. Carter, Alice S. Celimli-Aksoy, Seniz Messinger, Daniel S. TI An Illustration of Using Multiple Imputation Versus Listwise Deletion Analyses: The Effect of Hanen's "More Than Words'' on Parenting Stress SO AJIDD-AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE missing data analysis; multiple imputation; autism spectrum disorder; early intervention; parent stress ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MISSING-DATA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; 2-YEAR-OLDS STAT; MATERNAL STRESS; SCREENING TOOL; FAMILY STRESS; MENTAL-HEALTH; INTERVENTION AB This investigation illustrates the effects of using different missing data analysis techniques to analyze effects of a parent-implemented treatment on stress in parents of toddlers with autism symptomatology. The analysis approaches yielded similar results when analyzing main effects of the intervention, but different findings for moderation effects. Using listwise deletion, the data supported an iatrogenic effect of Hanen's "More Than Words'' on stress in parents with high levels of pretreatment depressive symptoms. Using multiple imputation, a significant moderated treatment effect with uninterpretable regions of significance did not support an iatrogenic effect of treatment on parenting stress. Results highlight the need for caution in interpreting analyses that do not involve validated methods of handling missing data. C1 [Lieberman-Betz, Rebecca G.; Yoder, Paul] Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody Coll, Dept Special Educ, Nashville, TN USA. [Stone, Wendy L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Nahmias, Allison S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Carter, Alice S.] Univ Massachusetts Boston, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA USA. [Celimli-Aksoy, Seniz; Messinger, Daniel S.] Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 472 EP 486 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-119.5.472 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AO3XQ UT WOS:000341271000006 PM 25148059 ER PT J AU Ogata, H Ihara, H Murakami, N Gito, M Kido, Y Nagai, T AF Ogata, Hiroyuki Ihara, Hiroshi Murakami, Nobuyuki Gito, Masao Kido, Yasuhiro Nagai, Toshiro TI Autism Spectrum Disorders and Hyperactive/Impulsive Behaviors in Japanese Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Comparison Between Maternal Uniparental Disomy and Deletion Cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE Prader-Willi syndrome; chromosome 15q11-13; autism spectrum disorders; maternal uniparental disomy 15 (mUPD); adolescents ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ABILITIES; CHILDREN AB This study aims to compare maternal uniparental disomy 15 (mUPD) and a paternal deletion of 15q11-13 (DEL) of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in regard to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Forty-five Japanese individuals with PWS were recruited from a single recruitment center. The participants consisted of 22 children (aged from 6 to 12) and 23 adolescents (aged from 13 to 19). Six children and seven adolescents were confirmed as having mUPD. Sixteen children and 16 adolescents were confirmed as having DEL. Under blindness to the participants' genotypes, a single psychologist carried out behavioral and psychological assessments, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS), and ADHD-Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV). Two comparisons were made: one between mUPD and DEL children and another between mUPD and DEL adolescents. In children, no significant differences were found between mUPD and DEL participants in terms of autistic (PARS childhood, P = 0.657) and impulsive behaviors (ADHD-RS-IV hyperactive/impulsive, P = 0.275). In adolescents, mUPD patients showed significantly more autistic symptomatology (PARS adolescent, P = 0.027) and significantly more impulsive behavior (ADHD-RS-IV hyperactive/impulsive, P = 0.01) than DEL patients. Our findings about Japanese PWS patients were consistent with previous researches from western countries not focused on Asian patients, indicating that mUPD cases would be more prone to ASD than DEL cases, regardless of ethnoregional differences. In addition, our data suggested that the behavioral difference between mUPD and DEL cases in terms of autistic and impulsive symptoms tend to be unrecognizable in their childhood. (C) 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Ogata, Hiroyuki; Ihara, Hiroshi; Gito, Masao] Dokkyo Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Koshigaya Hosp, Koshigaya, Japan. [Murakami, Nobuyuki; Kido, Yasuhiro; Nagai, Toshiro] Dokkyo Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Koshigaya Hosp, Koshigaya, Japan. [Gito, Masao] Ikezawa Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Hanyu, Japan. RP Ihara, H (reprint author), Dokkyo Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Koshigaya Hosp, Minami Koshigaya 2-1-50, Koshigaya, Japan. EM cotoncb@dokkyomed.ac.jp FU Juntendo Institute of Psychiatry [Heisei 25] FX This research was supported by a grant for Research Support Foundation from the Juntendo Institute of Psychiatry in the financial year 2013 (Heisei 25). 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TI Elevated Maternal C-Reactive Protein and Increased Risk of Schizophrenia in a National Birth Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRENATAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION; INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; ANIMAL-MODELS; EXPOSURE; INFECTION; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY AB Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate an association between early gestational C-reactive protein, an established inflammatory biomarker, prospectively assayed in maternal sera, and schizophrenia in a large, national birth cohort with an extensive serum biobank. Method: A nested case-control design from the Finnish Prenatal Study of Schizophrenia cohort was utilized. A total of 777 schizophrenia cases (schizophrenia, N=630; schizoaffective disorder, N=147) with maternal sera available for C-reactive protein testing were identified and matched to 777 control subjects in the analysis. Maternal C-reactive protein levels were assessed using a latex immunoassay from archived maternal serum specimens. Results: Increasing maternal C-reactive protein levels, classified as a continuous variable, were significantly associated with schizophrenia in offspring (adjusted odds ratio=1.31, 95% confidence interval=1.10-1.56). This finding remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal and parental history of psychiatric disorders, twin/singleton birth, urbanicity, province of birth, and maternal socioeconomic status. Conclusions: This finding provides the most robust evidence to date that maternal inflammation may play a significant role in schizophrenia, with possible implications for identifying preventive strategies and pathogenic mechanisms in schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders. C1 [Brown, Alan S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York State Psychiat Inst, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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TI Mediators of the association between parental severe mental illness and offspring neurodevelopmental problems SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autism spectrum disorder; Infant; Small for gestational age; Birth weight; Gestational age ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; PRETERM BIRTH; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; GESTATIONAL-AGE AB Purpose: Parental severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with an increased risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a study to examine the extent to which risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age mediated this association. Methods: We obtained data on offspring born 1992-2001 in Sweden (n = 870,017) through the linkage of multiple population-based registers. We used logistic and Cox regression to assess the associations between parental SMI, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and offspring ASD and ADHD, as well as tested whether adverse pregnancy outcomes served as mediators. Results: After controlling for measured covariates, maternal and paternal SMI were associated with an increased risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and gestational age, and for offspring ASD and ADHD. These pregnancy outcomes were also associated with an increased risk of ASD and ADHD. We found that pregnancy outcomes did not mediate the association between parental SMI and offspring ASD and ADHD, as there was no substantial change in magnitude of the risk estimates after controlling for pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: Parental SMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes appear to be independent risk factors for offspring ASD and ADHD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McCoy, Brittany M.; Rickert, Martin E.; Class, Quetzal A.; D'Onofrio, Brian M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Larsson, Henrik; Lichtenstein, Paul] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. RP D'Onofrio, BM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, 1101 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM bmdonofr@indiana.edu RI Maattanen, Laura/N-5424-2014 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD061817]; National Institute of Mental Health [MH094011]; Swedish council for working life and social research; Swedish Research Council (Medicine); Swedish Society of Medicine FX The study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD061817), National Institute of Mental Health (MH094011), the Swedish council for working life and social research, the Swedish Research Council (Medicine), and the Swedish Society of Medicine. 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Dis. Child. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 99 IS 9 BP 840 EP 848 DI 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302066 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AN8BN UT WOS:000340826300012 PM 24647995 ER PT J AU Saloviita, T Leppanen, M Ojalammi, U AF Saloviita, Timo Leppanen, Marjatta Ojalammi, Ulla TI Authorship in Facilitated Communication: An Analysis of 11 Cases SO AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Facilitated communication; Intellectual disabilities; Augmentative and alternative communication ID AUTISM; GRAMMAR; LEXICON; AAC AB We studied the authorship of messages produced through facilitated communication (FC) for all users of FC in two comprehensive schools in a small city in Finland. The participants were 11 children with intellectual disabilities, including autism, all having used FC from 1 - 3 years. The test conditions involved open and blind information- passing tasks in which the participants were directed to write down the contents of written or pictorial stimuli. The results failed to validate FC as a method of communication for any participant or facilitator. An analysis of the messages produced under the FC condition revealed a large degree of facilitator infl uence on the content of the messages produced. Additionally, FC impaired the performance of the two participants who had previously demonstrated some independent writing skills. C1 [Saloviita, Timo] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Teacher Educ, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Ojalammi, Ulla] Nuoliala Primary Sch, Tampere, Finland. RP Saloviita, T (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Teacher Educ, POB 35, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. 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Altern. Commun. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.3109/07434618.2014.927529 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Rehabilitation GA AO4JE UT WOS:000341302500003 PM 24946681 ER PT J AU Langen, M Bos, D Noordermeer, DS Nederveen, H van Engeland, H Durston, S AF Langen, Marieke Bos, Dienke Noordermeer, D. S. Nederveen, Hilde van Engeland, Herman Durston, Sarah TI Changes in the Development of Striatum Are Involved in Repetitive Behavior in Autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; brain development; corticostriatal circuitry; insistence on sameness; repetitive behavior; striatum ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; INHIBITORY CONTROL; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; BASAL GANGLIA; DAT1 GENOTYPE; VOLUME; CHILDREN; TRAJECTORIES AB Background: Repetitive behavior is a core feature of autism and has been linked to differences in striatum. In addition, the brain changes associated with autism appear to vary with age. However, most studies investigating striatal differences in autism are cross-sectional, limiting inferences on development. In this study, we set out to 1) investigate striatal development in autism, using a longitudinal design; and 2) examine the relationship between striatal development and repetitive behavior. Methods: We acquired longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 86 individuals (49 children with autism, 37 matched control subjects). Each individual was scanned twice, with a mean scan interval time of 2.4 years. Mean age was 9.9 years at time 1 and 12.3 years at time 2. Striatal structures were traced manually with high reliability. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to investigate differences in brain development between diagnostic groups. To examine the relationship with behavior, correlations between changes in brain volumes and clinical measures were calculated. Results: Our results showed an increase in the growth rate of striatal structures for individuals with autism compared with control subjects. The effect was specific to caudate nucleus, where growth rate was doubled. Second, faster striatal growth was correlated with more severe repetitive behavior (insistence on sameness) at the preschool age. Conclusions: This longitudinal study of brain development in autism confirms the involvement of striatum in repetitive behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of brain development in autism, as the severity of repetitive behavior was related to striatal growth, rather than volume per se. C1 [Langen, Marieke; Bos, Dienke; Noordermeer, D. S.; Nederveen, Hilde; van Engeland, Herman; Durston, Sarah] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Dept Psychiat, NICHE Lab, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Langen, M (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr, HP STR 6,131 Heidelber Glaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Psychiatry PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 5 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.013 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AN8WQ UT WOS:000340886800011 PM 24090791 ER PT J AU Solomon, M Yoon, JH Ragland, JD Niendam, TA Lesh, TA Fairbrother, W Carter, CS AF Solomon, Marjorie Yoon, Jong H. Ragland, J. Daniel Niendam, Tara A. Lesh, Tyler A. Fairbrother, Wonja Carter, Cameron S. TI The Development of the Neural Substrates of Cognitive Control in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Adolescence; autism spectrum disorders; cognitive control; development; fMRI; response inhibition ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; WORKING-MEMORY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; CONNECTIVITY MRI; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CONTROL NETWORK; MOTOR CONTROL AB Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) involve impairments in cognitive control. In typical development (TYP), neural systems underlying cognitive control undergo substantial maturation during adolescence. Development is delayed in adolescents with ASD. Little is known about the neural substrates of this delay. Methods: We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a cognitive control task involving overcoming a prepotent response tendency to examine the development of cognitive control in young (ages 12-15; n = 13 with ASD and n = 13 with TYP) and older (ages 16-18; n = 14 with ASD and n = 14 with TYP) adolescents with whole-brain voxelwise univariate and task-related functional connectivity analyses. Results: Older ASD and TYP showed reduced activation in sensory and premotor areas relative to younger ones. The older ASD group showed reduced left parietal activation relative to TYP. Functional connectivity analyses showed a significant age by group interaction with the older ASD group exhibiting increased functional connectivity strength between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, bilaterally. This functional connectivity strength was related to task performance in ASD, whereas that between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex (Brodmann areas 9 and 40) was related to task performance in TYP. Conclusions: Adolescents with ASD rely more on reactive cognitive control, involving last-minute conflict detection and control implementation by the anterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, versus proactive cognitive control requiring processing by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. Findings await replication in larger longitudinal studies that examine their functional consequences and amenability to intervention. C1 [Solomon, Marjorie; Yoon, Jong H.; Ragland, J. Daniel; Niendam, Tara A.; Lesh, Tyler A.; Fairbrother, Wonja; Carter, Cameron S.] Univ Calif, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Solomon, Marjorie; Fairbrother, Wonja] MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. [Solomon, Marjorie; Yoon, Jong H.; Ragland, J. Daniel; Niendam, Tara A.; Lesh, Tyler A.; Carter, Cameron S.] Univ Calif Davis, Imaging Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Solomon, M (reprint author), UC Davis Hlth Syst, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM marjorie.solomon@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [1-K-08 MH074967-01, 2R01 MH059883-05A1, 1R24MH081807, K23MH087708, R01MH084895, K-08]; Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health Award - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Office of Research on Women's Health, Office of Dietary Supplements [K12 HD051958]; National Institute of Aging; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (Atherton Foundation); GlaxoSmithKline FX This work was supported by a K-08 Award from the National Institute of Mental Health (1-K-08 MH074967-01); a Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health Award (K12 HD051958) funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Office of Research on Women's Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, and the National Institute of Aging; and a Pilot Award from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (Atherton Foundation) to Marjorie Solomon. During the time of the study, Dr. Carter was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (2R01 MH059883-05A1) and (1R24MH081807). Dr. Niendam was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH087708). Dr. Ragland was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH084895, Ragland, Principal Investigator).Dr. Carter reports having been a consultant for Pfizer, Merck, Lilly, and Servier. He also has received funding from GlaxoSmithKline. Drs. Solomon, Yoon, Ragland, Niendam, and Lesh and Ms. Fair-brother report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. 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Psychiatry PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 5 BP 412 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.036 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AN8WQ UT WOS:000340886800012 PM 24209777 ER PT J AU Nuske, HJ Vivanti, G Hudry, K Dissanayake, C AF Nuske, Heather J. Vivanti, Giacomo Hudry, Kristelle Dissanayake, Cheryl TI Pupillometry reveals reduced unconscious emotional reactivity in autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Emotion; Pupil dilation; Unconscious; Subliminal; Implicit; Backwards masking; Eye tracking; Autonomic nervous system; Physiological responding; Pupillometry ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BACKWARD-MASKING; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; HUMAN AMYGDALA; PUPIL SIZE; FACE AB Recent theoretical conceptualisations have suggested that emotion processing impairments in autism stem from disruption to the sub-cortical, rapid emotion-processing system. We argue that a clear way to ascertain whether this system is affected in autism is by measuring unconscious emotional reactivity. Using backwards masking, we presented fearful expressions non-consciously (subliminally) as well as consciously (supraliminally), and measured pupillary responses as an index of emotional reactivity in 19 children with autism and 19 typically developing children, aged 2-5 years. The pupillary responses of the children with autism revealed reduced unconscious emotional reactivity, with no group differences on consciously presented emotion. Together, these results indicate a hyporesponsiveness to non-consciously presented emotion suggesting a fundamental difference in emotion processing in autism, which requires consciousness and more time. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nuske, Heather J.; Vivanti, Giacomo; Hudry, Kristelle; Dissanayake, Cheryl] La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. 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TI Urinary p-cresol is elevated in young French children with autism spectrum disorder: a replication study SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE Gut flora; neurotoxicity; organic contaminants; p-cresylsulfate; pervasive developmental disorders ID INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PROPIONIC-ACID; CRESYLSULPHATE; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE; ABNORMALITIES; BIOMARKERS; SULFATION; SYMPTOMS AB The aromatic compound p-cresol (4-methylphenol) has been found elevated in the urines of Italian autistic children up to 8 years of age. The present study aims at replicating these initial findings in an ethnically distinct sample and at extending them by measuring also the three components of urinary p-cresol, namely p-cresylsulfate, p-cresylglucuronate and free p-cresol. Total urinary p-cresol, p-cresylsulfate and p-cresylglucuronate were significantly elevated in 33 French autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases compared with 33 sex-and age-matched controls (p<0.05). This increase was limited to ASD children aged <= 8 years (p<0.01), and not older (p=0.17). Urinary levels of p-cresol and p-cresylsulfate were associated with stereotypic, compulsive/repetitive behaviors (p<0.05), although not with overall autism severity. These results confirm the elevation of urinary p-cresol in a sizable set of small autistic children and spur interest into biomarker roles for p-cresol and p-cresylsulfate in autism. C1 [Gabriele, Stefano; Sacco, Roberto; Cerullo, Sonia; Persico, Antonio M.] Univ Campus Biomed, Unit Child & Adolescent NeuroPsychiat, I-00128 Rome, Italy. [Gabriele, Stefano; Sacco, Roberto; Cerullo, Sonia; Persico, Antonio M.] Univ Campus Biomed, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, I-00128 Rome, Italy. [Neri, Cristina; Urbani, Andrea] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Internal Med, Rome, Italy. [Neri, Cristina; Urbani, Andrea] IRCCS Fdn S Lucia, Dept Expt Neurosci, Rome, Italy. [Tripi, Gabriele] Univ Palermo, Dept PROSAMI, I-90133 Palermo, Italy. [Tripi, Gabriele] CH Chinon, Childhood Psychiat Serv Neurodev Disorders, Chinon, France. [Malvy, Joelle; Barthelemy, Catherine; Bonnet-Brilhault, Frederique] Univ Tours, Hop Bretonneau, Imagerie & Cerveau INSERM, U930, Tours, France. [Persico, Antonio M.] Mafalda Luce Ctr Pervas Dev Disorders, Milan, Italy. RP Persico, AM (reprint author), Univ Campus Biomed, Unit Child & Adolescent NeuroPsychiat, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, I-00128 Rome, Italy. EM s.gabriele@unicampus.it; r.sacco@unicampus.it; a.persico@unicampus.it FU Italian Ministry for University, Scientific Research and Technology [2008BACT54_002]; Italian Ministry of Health (CCM program, progetto NIDA); Fondazione Gaetano e Mafalda Luce (Milan, Italy); Autism Aid ONLUS (Naples, Italy); Autism Speaks (Princeton, NJ); Autism Research Institute (San Diego, CA); European Union (Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking, EU-AIMS) [115300] FX This work was financially supported by the Italian Ministry for University, Scientific Research and Technology (n.2008BACT54_002), the Italian Ministry of Health (CCM program 2012, progetto NIDA), the Fondazione Gaetano e Mafalda Luce (Milan, Italy), Autism Aid ONLUS (Naples, Italy), Autism Speaks (Princeton, NJ), the Autism Research Institute (San Diego, CA), and the European Union (Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking, EU-AIMS, n. 115300). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. 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In a consanguineous family where three of the five siblings were affected with microphthalmia/coloboma, we identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in ALDH1A3 using exome sequencing. Of the three affected siblings, one had intellectual disability and one had intellectual disability and autism, while the last one presented with normal development. This study contributes further to the description of the clinical spectrum associated with ALDH1A3 mutations, and illustrates the interfamilial clinical variation observed in individuals with ALDH1A3 mutations. C1 [Roos, L.; Gronskov, K.; Tumer, Z.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Kennedy Ctr, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. [Fang, M.; Wu, B.; Zhang, J.; Xu, X.] BGI Shenzhen, Dept Mendelian Disorder Res, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Dali, C.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jensen, H.; Christoffersen, N.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Kennedy Ctr, Eye Clin, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. [Xu, R.] BGI Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Harris, P.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Gronskov, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Roos, L (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Kennedy Ctr, Gl Landevej 7, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. EM laura.kirstine.soenderberg.roos@regionh.dk RI Harris, Pernille/G-7289-2011 OI Harris, Pernille/0000-0002-6806-4903 FU Shenzhen Municipal Government of China [GJHZ20130417140916986] FX The project conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee for Copenhagen, Denmark. Written informed consent was obtained. This study was supported by the Shenzhen Municipal Government of China (No. GJHZ20130417140916986). 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Genet. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 86 IS 3 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1111/cge.12277 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN8YP UT WOS:000340892300013 PM 24024553 ER PT J AU Carton, AM Smith, AD AF Carton, Amelia Myri Smith, Alastair D. TI Assessing the relationship between eating disorder psychopathology and autistic traits in a non-clinical adult population SO EATING AND WEIGHT DISORDERS-STUDIES ON ANOREXIA BULIMIA AND OBESITY LA English DT Article DE Eating disorders; Autism; Eat-26; Autism quotient; Broader phenotype ID WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; BULIMIA-NERVOSA; ASPERGER SYNDROME; COGNITIVE-STYLE; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; MIND AB Previous research demonstrates a genetic and behavioural link between eating disorders and autism spectrum disorders, and a recent study (Coombs et al. in Br J Clin Psychol 50:326-338, 2011) extends this link to typical populations, showing a positive correlation between behaviours in typically developing children. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether this relationship continues beyond development, by studying the link between behaviours in a non-clinical adult population. We examined associations between performance on measures relating to autistic traits and disordered eating. Undergraduate students, equally balanced by gender and by subject studied (i.e. humanity or science), completed three tasks: to measure autistic traits, participants were administered the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Eating disorder symptomatology was measured by the Eating Attitudes Test (Eat-26). Our data revealed a significant positive correlation between scores on the AQ and Eat-26. Multiple linear regressions showed that higher scores on the AQ were particularly associated with higher scores on the Bulimia & Food Preoccupation subscale of the Eat-26. EFT performance was positively related to behaviours associated with autism and eating disorders, although not reliably so. These data support the broader link between autistic traits and disordered eating in the non-clinical population, and demonstrate that it extends into adulthood (a time at which autistic behaviours can decrease). This work carries implications for the development of cognitive therapies for people with eating disorders. C1 [Carton, Amelia Myri; Smith, Alastair D.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Smith, AD (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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Weight Disord.-Stud. Anorex. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s40519-013-0086-z PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AO2UN UT WOS:000341181600002 PM 24272141 ER PT J AU Diolordi, L del Balzo, V Bernabei, P Vitiello, V Donini, LM AF Diolordi, Laura del Balzo, Valeria Bernabei, Paola Vitiello, Valeria Donini, Lorenzo Maria TI Eating habits and dietary patterns in children with autism SO EATING AND WEIGHT DISORDERS-STUDIES ON ANOREXIA BULIMIA AND OBESITY LA English DT Article DE Eating behavior inventory; Food consumption; Children with autism; Nutrition ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN AB The children with autism have feeding problems such as chewing, preference for the same food that often are responsible for the nutrient imbalance. In this study, we have analyzed the differences in food consumption (food frequency) and eating behavior (CEBI test) between children with autism and their typically developing peers. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups for the consumption of milk, yogurt, pulses, rice, and fruit juices (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0,005). We observed a significant difference in the analysis of CEBI results when considering the 6- to 9.5-year-aged subgroup with autism vs control subgroup (103.50 and 110.14, respectively). The advices given by nutritionists have proved crucial to improve eating habits in children with autism, in the follow-up. C1 [Diolordi, Laura; del Balzo, Valeria; Vitiello, Valeria; Donini, Lorenzo Maria] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Expt Med, Res Unit Food Sci & Human Nutr, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bernabei, Paola] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Pediat & Pediat Neuropsychiat, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP del Balzo, V (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Expt Med, Res Unit Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ple Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. 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Weight Disord.-Stud. Anorex. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s40519-014-0137-0 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AO2UN UT WOS:000341181600003 PM 24981567 ER PT J AU Park, S Park, JE Cho, SC Kim, BN Shin, MS Kim, JW Cho, IH Kim, SA Park, M Park, TW Son, JW Chung, US Yoo, HJ AF Park, Subin Park, Jong-Eun Cho, Soo-Churl Kim, Bung-Nyun Shin, Min-Sup Kim, Jae-Won Cho, In Hee Kim, Soon Ae Park, Mira Park, Tae-Won Son, Jung-Woo Chung, Un-Sun Yoo, Hee Jeong TI No association of the norepinephrine transporter gene (SLC6A2) and cognitive and behavioural phenotypes of patients with autism spectrum disorder SO EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; SLC6A2; Haplotype; Phenotype ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; ADHD; NET AB We examined the association between the norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2) gene and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a Korean population. In addition, we investigated which phenotypes of ASD are best attributed to the genotype of SLC6A2. A total of 184 subjects with ASD, their 156 unaffected siblings and both biological parents were recruited through university hospitals. We used the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), the Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as quantitative measures of the ASD phenotypes. The associations between the quantitative measures and specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested with linear regression analyses. We did not find any evidence of the over-transmission of either allele of the 10SLC6A2 SNPs in the DFAM test. At an empirical p value < 0.05, findings that were consistent between the linear regression analyses and the QFAM tests were the positive associations between the A allele of rs36020 and attention problems on the CBCL and stereotypical behaviours on the ABC and between the C allele of rs1814270 and the number of trials required to complete the first WCST category. However, these associations did not remain after correction for multiple testing. The study results of this study do not support the association between the SLC6A2 and the diagnosis or phenotype of ASD. However, the study must be replicated in larger populations and with using more genetic markers. C1 [Park, Subin; Cho, Soo-Churl; Kim, Bung-Nyun; Shin, Min-Sup; Kim, Jae-Won] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Jong-Eun; Yoo, Hee Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Songnam, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Cho, In Hee] Samsung Child Dev Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Songnam, South Korea. [Kim, Soon Ae] Eulji Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, Songnam, South Korea. [Park, Mira] Eulji Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Songnam, South Korea. [Park, Tae-Won] Chonbuk Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Jeonju, South Korea. [Son, Jung-Woo] Chungbuk Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Cheongju, South Korea. [Chung, Un-Sun] Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taegu, South Korea. RP Yoo, HJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Songnam, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM hjyoo@snu.ac.kr FU Korea Healthcare Technology R&D project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [A120029] FX This work was supported by the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [Grant Number A120029]. 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Arch. Psych. Clin. Neurosci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 264 IS 6 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s00406-013-0480-6 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AN8UW UT WOS:000340881500005 PM 24381062 ER PT J AU Soler-Alfonso, C Carvalho, CMB Ge, J Roney, EK Bader, PI Kolodziejska, KE Miller, RM Lupski, JR Stankiewicz, P Cheung, SW Bi, WM Schaaf, CP AF Soler-Alfonso, Claudia Carvalho, Claudia M. B. Ge, Jun Roney, Erin K. Bader, Patricia I. Kolodziejska, Katarzyna E. Miller, Rachel M. Lupski, James R. Stankiewicz, Pawel Cheung, Sau Wai Bi, Weimin Schaaf, Christian P. TI CHRNA7 triplication associated with cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric phenotypes in a three-generation pedigree SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE dosage sensitivity; copy number variation; cholinergic nervous system; autism spectrum disorder ID COPY NUMBER VARIANTS; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; 15Q13.3; REARRANGEMENTS; DUPLICATION; RECURRENT; MICRODELETION; MECHANISMS; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Although deletions of CHRNA7 have been associated with intellectual disability (ID), seizures and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, the pathogenicity of CHRNA7 duplications has been uncertain. We present the first report of CHRNA7 triplication. Three generations of a family affected with various neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, developmental delay and ID, were studied with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). High-resolution aCGH revealed a 650-kb triplication at chromosome 15q13.3 encompassing the CHRNA7 gene, which encodes the alpha7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. A small duplication precedes the triplication at the proximal breakpoint junction, and analysis of the breakpoint indicates that the triplicated segment is in an inverted orientation with respect to the duplication. CHRNA7 triplication appears to occur by a replication-based mechanism that produces inverted triplications embedded within duplications. Co-segregation of the CHRNA7 triplication with neuropsychiatric and cognitive phenotypes provides further evidence for dosage sensitivity of CHRNA7. C1 [Soler-Alfonso, Claudia] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Carvalho, Claudia M. B.; Ge, Jun; Roney, Erin K.; Kolodziejska, Katarzyna E.; Lupski, James R.; Stankiewicz, Pawel; Cheung, Sau Wai; Bi, Weimin; Schaaf, Christian P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Carvalho, Claudia M. B.] Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Bader, Patricia I.; Miller, Rachel M.] Genet Ctr, Parkview Hlth Labs, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Lupski, James R.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Schaaf, Christian P.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Jan & Dan Duncan Neurol Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Schaaf, CP (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Jan & Dan Duncan Neurol Res Inst, 1250 Moursund St,Suite 1350, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Schaaf@bcm.edu FU Doris Duke Clinical Scientist Development Award; NIH [HD037283]; US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS058529] FX We are indebted to the family who participated in this study. Dr Schaaf's work is generously supported by the Joan and Stanford Alexander Family. Dr Schaaf is also a recipient of a Doris Duke Clinical Scientist Development Award. NIH grant HD037283 supported Dr Ge's work in the laboratory of Dr Arthur Beaudet. In addition, this work was supported in part by US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant NS058529 to JRL. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1071 EP 1076 DI 10.1038/ejhg.2013.302 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AN4SA UT WOS:000340577600004 PM 24424125 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Fang, YD Zhang, FL Xu, M Zhang, JZ Yan, JB Ju, WN Brown, WT Zhong, N AF Wang, Yu Fang, Yudan Zhang, Fengling Xu, Miao Zhang, Jingzhi Yan, Jingbin Ju, Weina Brown, W. Ted Zhong, Nanbert TI Hypermethylation of the enolase gene (ENO2) in autism SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Neurodevelopment; Gene ENO2; Methylation; Epigenetics ID MECP2 PROMOTER METHYLATION; REVEALS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; EXPRESSION; BIOMARKERS; CORTEX; SERUM AB It has been hypothesized that dysregulation of brain-expressed genes is the major predisposing underlying mechanism for autism. This dysregulation may be mediated by differential methylation of CpG sites within gene promoters, which could be candidate biomarkers and used for early clinical screening of autism. A total of 131 pairs of age- and sex-matched autistic and control subjects were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood cells were analyzed. The first five pairs were randomly applied to array-based genome-wide methylation studies. A neuron-specific gene, ENO2, was found to be hypermethylated in the autistic samples. This difference was validated by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The differential expression of ENO2 gene was further analyzed with RT-qPCR and ELISA. The hypermethylation of ENO2 within the promoter region was confirmed by BSP to be present in 14.5 % (19/131) of the total of the autistic samples. The mean ENO2 RNA level in these 19 autistic samples was reduced by about 70 % relative to that in controls. The average level of ENO2 protein expression in the 19 autistic samples (15.18 +/- 3.51 mu g/l) was about half of that in the controls (33.86 +/- 8.16 mu g/l). Conclusion: These findings suggest that reduced ENO2 expression may be a biomarker for a subset of autistic children. C1 [Wang, Yu; Fang, Yudan; Xu, Miao; Zhang, Jingzhi; Yan, Jingbin; Zhong, Nanbert] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Childrens Hosp, Inst Med Genet, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yu; Zhang, Fengling; Zhong, Nanbert] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Childrens Hosp, Inst Children Hlth Care, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yu; Fang, Yudan; Xu, Miao; Zhang, Jingzhi; Yan, Jingbin; Zhong, Nanbert] Minist Hlth, Key Lab Embryo Mol Biol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yu; Fang, Yudan; Xu, Miao; Zhang, Jingzhi; Yan, Jingbin; Zhong, Nanbert] Shanghai Lab Embryo & Reprod Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Nanbert] Peking Univ, Ctr Med Genet, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ju, Weina; Brown, W. Ted; Zhong, Nanbert] New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, New York, NY USA. RP Zhong, N (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Childrens Hosp, Inst Children Hlth Care, 1440 Beijing West Rd, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China. EM wy_rain@126.com; fangyudan@hotmail.com; zhangfl3985@126.com; xumiao@shhildren.com.cn; zhangjz@shchildren.com.cn; yanjingbin0130@hotmail.com; weina.ju@yahoo.com; ted.brown@opwdd.ny.gov; nanbert.zhong@opwdd.ny.gov FU National "973" program - Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2012CB517905]; Shanghai Municipal Department of Science and Technology [2009JC1412600]; Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau [2010Y151]; New York State Office for People with Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD) FX We thank the autism and control children and their parents for making this study feasible. We are extremely grateful to Professors Yitao Zeng and Shuzhen Huang (Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics) for helpful discussions. This study was supported in part by the National "973" program (2012CB517905) granted from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and funding from the Shanghai Municipal Department of Science and Technology (2009JC1412600), Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (2010Y151), and New York State Office for People with Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD). 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Maestripieri, Dario TI Autistic-like and schizotypal traits in a life history perspective: diametrical associations with impulsivity, sensation seeking, and sociosexual behavior SO EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Autistic-like traits; Diametrical model; Impulsivity; Life history strategy; Schizotypal traits; Sexual selection; Sociosexuality ID SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; MALE BRAIN THEORY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GENERAL-POPULATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PERSONALITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDER; CREATIVITY AB According to recent theoretical models, autistic-like and schizotypal traits can be regarded as opposite sides of a single continuum of variation in personality and cognition, and may be diametrically associated with individual differences in life history strategies. 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Hum. Behav. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 35 IS 5 BP 415 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.05.007 PG 10 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AN6EG UT WOS:000340687100009 ER PT J AU Buchanan, R Beckett, RD AF Buchanan, Rachel Beckett, Robert D. TI Assessment of vaccination-related information for consumers available on Facebook (R) SO HEALTH INFORMATION AND LIBRARIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE consumer health information; health information needs; information seeking behaviour; social media; social networking ID PERTUSSIS; VACCINES; RUBELLA; AUTISM AB Objectives: To assess the magnitude, interest, purpose and validity of vaccination-related information on Facebook and to determine whether information varies by site viewpoint. Methods: The 10 largest vaccination-focused Facebook (R) pages, groups and places in each category were identified and classified by viewpoint (i.e. anti-, pro-, neutral) and purpose. Number of members, posts per week, likes, comments and shares per post were recorded. Posts were assessed for concordance with CDC and FDA recommendations. Results: Of 30 sites, 43% (n = 13) were anti-vaccination, 7% (n = 2) neutral and 50% (n = 15) pro-vaccination. Most sites were most popular with American users. Median members were similar between anti-vaccination (2703 members, range 337-33 631 members) and pro-vaccination sites (2142 members, range 456-61 565 members, P = 0.262); however, anti-vaccination sites accumulated more posts per week by authors (median 15 vs. 3, P = 0.031) and members (median 33 vs. 1, P < 0.001). Pro-vaccination sites more commonly had commercial purpose (53% [n = 8] vs. 8% [n = 1], P = 0.02). Anti-vaccination sites more commonly gave medical advice (54% [n = 7] vs. 0%, P = 0.004). Overall, 48% (n = 22) of author posts were concordant with regulatory recommendations; concordance was more common on pro-vaccination sites (78% [n = 21] vs. 5% [n = 1], P = 0.0002). Conclusion: Vaccination-related information is prevalent on Facebook regardless of viewpoint; however, anti-vaccination information generates more interest. Anti-vaccination sites were likely to provide medical advice and disagree with regulatory bodies. C1 [Buchanan, Rachel] William S Middleton Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Beckett, Robert D.] Univ Manchester, Coll Pharm, Ft Wayne, IN 46845 USA. RP Beckett, RD (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Coll Pharm, 10627 Diebold Rd, Ft Wayne, IN 46845 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 31 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1111/hir.12073 PG 8 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA AO2KV UT WOS:000341151500006 PM 25041499 ER PT J AU Micheau, J Vimeney, A Normand, E Mulle, C Riedel, G AF Micheau, Jacques Vimeney, Alice Normand, Elisabeth Mulle, Christophe Riedel, Gernot TI Impaired Hippocampus-Dependent Spatial Flexibility and Sociability Represent Autism-Like Phenotypes in GluK2 Mice SO HIPPOCAMPUS LA English DT Article DE GluK2 KO mice; autism spectrum disorder; social behavior; behavioral flexibility; spatial learning; pattern separation/completion; water maze ID FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; MOSSY FIBER SYNAPSES; GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR-6 GENE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PATTERN SEPARATION; KAINATE RECEPTORS; GLUR6-DEFICIENT MICE; GRIK2 POLYMORPHISMS; BASAL GANGLIA; MEMORY AB Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. grik2 (which encodes the GluK2 subunit of kainate receptors) has been identified as a susceptibility gene in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but its role in the core and associated symptoms of ASD still remains elusive. We used mice lacking GluK2 (GluK2 KO) to examine their endophenotype with a view to modeling aspects of autism, including social deficits, stereotyped and repetitive behavior and decreased cognitive abilities. Anxiety was recorded in the elevated plus maze, social behavior in a three-chamber apparatus, and cognition in different water maze protocols. Deletion of the GluK2 gene reduced locomotor activity and sociability as indicated by the social interaction task. In addition, GluK2 KO mice learnt to locate a hidden platform in a water maze surrounded by a curtain with hanging cues faster than wild-type mice. They maintained a bias toward the target quadrant when some of these cues were removed, at which point wild-types orthogonalized the behavior and showed no memory. However, GluK2 KO mice were impaired in spatial reversal learning. These behavioral data together with previously published electrophysiology showing severe anomalies in CA3 network activity, suggest a computational shift in this network for enhanced propensity of pattern completion that would explain the loss of behavioral flexibility in GluK2 KO mice. Although a single mutation cannot recapitulate the entire core symptoms of ASD, our data provide evidence for glutamatergic dysfunction underlying a number of social-and cognition-related phenotypes relevant to ASD. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Micheau, Jacques] Univ Bordeaux, INCIA, CNRS, UMR 5287, F-33405 Talence, France. [Vimeney, Alice; Normand, Elisabeth; Mulle, Christophe] Univ Bordeaux, Inst Interdisciplinaire Neurosci, CNRS, UMR 5297, F-33077 Bordeaux, France. [Riedel, Gernot] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. RP Micheau, J (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, INCIA, CNRS, UMR 5287, Ave Fac, F-33405 Talence, France. EM jacques.micheau@u-bordeaux1.fr FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Universite de Bordeaux FX This study was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universite de Bordeaux. We thank D. Panzeri, N. Argenta and J. Huard for animal care. 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Mouse models suggest an aberrant synaptic plasticity at the neuropathological level, which is believed to be conferred by dysregulation of long-term potentiation or depression of neuronal connections. A central pathway regulating these mechanisms is glutamatergic signalling. Here, we hypothesized that susceptibility genes for ASD are enriched for components of this pathway. To further understand the impact of ASD risk genes on the glutamatergic pathway, we performed a systematic review using the literature database "pubmed" and the "AutismKB" knowledgebase. We provide an overview of the glutamatergic system in typical brain function and development, and summarize findings from linkage, association, copy number variants, and sequencing studies in ASD to provide a comprehensive picture of the glutamatergic landscape of ASD genetics. Genetic variants associated with ASD were enriched in glutamatergic pathways, affecting receptor signalling, metabolism and transport. Furthermore, in genetically modified mouse models for ASD, pharmacological compounds acting on ionotropic or metabotropic receptor activity are able to rescue ASD reminscent phenotypes. We conclude that glutamatergic genetic risk factors for ASD show a complex pattern and further studies are needed to fully understand its mechanisms, before translation of findings into clinical applications and individualized treatment approaches will be possible. C1 [Chiocchetti, Andreas G.; Bour, Hanna S.; Freitag, Christine M.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Univ Hosp Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Chiocchetti, AG (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Univ Hosp Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. 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Neural Transm. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 IS 9 SI SI BP 1081 EP 1106 DI 10.1007/s00702-014-1161-y PG 26 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO1TB UT WOS:000341096400002 PM 24493018 ER PT J AU Waltes, R Gfesser, J Haslinger, D Schneider-Momm, K Biscaldi, M Voran, A Freitag, CM Chiocchetti, AG AF Waltes, Regina Gfesser, Johannes Haslinger, Denise Schneider-Momm, Katja Biscaldi, Monica Voran, Anette Freitag, Christine M. Chiocchetti, Andreas G. TI Common EIF4E variants modulate risk for autism spectrum disorders in the high-functioning range SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE Association analysis; Transmission disequilibrium testing; Common variant; High-functioning autism; Repetitive behaviour ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENETIC-VARIANTS; GERMAN FORM; TRANSLATION; ASSOCIATION; RELIABILITY; BEHAVIORS; MUTATIONS AB The genetic architecture of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is complex. Common genetic variation has especially been related to high-functioning ASD. In addition, some studies favoured analysis of strictly diagnosed autism individuals, which resulted in more robust findings than the combined analysis of all spectrum individuals. Functional variants modulating EIF4E expression have previously been indicated as risk factors for ASD. Pharmacological modulation of glutamate receptors which regulate EIF4E activity resulted in reduced repetitive behaviours in human and animal studies. Based on these findings, we tested common EIF4E variants for association with overall ASD, with strict autism and with the strict high-functioning autism (strict HFA) subgroup, and their effect on repetitive and/or stereotypic behaviour. We observed over-transmission of rs13109000G in the strict HFA and the strict autism cohort but not in the larger ASD cohort. We report protective effects for the minor allele of rs4699369T on stereotyped and ritualized behaviour in the overall ASD cohort, the strict autism but not in the strict HFA group. In addition, a protective role for rs4699369T and a risk effect of rs12498533G on hand and finger mannerisms was observed. These results need to be replicated in larger ASD and strict autism samples. The predicted impact on transcription through the ASD associated EIF4E variants rs4699369T and rs12498533G as well as the association of the EIF4E interaction partners FMRP and CYFIP1 with ASD point to an mRNA mediated pathomechanism for ASD. C1 [Waltes, Regina; Gfesser, Johannes; Haslinger, Denise; Freitag, Christine M.; Chiocchetti, Andreas G.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. [Schneider-Momm, Katja; Biscaldi, Monica] Univ Hosp Freiburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Voran, Anette] Saarland Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-66421 Homburg, Germany. RP Chiocchetti, AG (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. EM andreas.chiocchetti@kgu.de FU Saarland University [T6 03 10 00-45]; European Union; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (ERA-NET NEURON project) [EUHF-AUTISM-01EW1105]; Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich okonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE): Neuronal Coordination Research Focus Frankfurt (NeFF) FX We thank all patients and their families for taking part in this study. In addition, we thoroughly thank Silvia Lindlar and Hiacynta Jelen for excellent technical assistance and Heiko Zerlaut and Rusico Weber for database management. This work was supported by the Saarland University (T6 03 10 00-45 to C. M. F.), the European Union and the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (ERA-NET NEURON project: EUHF-AUTISM-01EW1105 to C. M. F.); and the Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich okonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE): Neuronal Coordination Research Focus Frankfurt (NeFF to C.M.F.). 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Neural Transm. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 IS 9 SI SI BP 1107 EP 1116 DI 10.1007/s00702-014-1230-2 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO1TB UT WOS:000341096400003 PM 24818597 ER PT J AU Taurines, R Segura, M Schecklmann, M Albantakis, L Grunblatt, E Walitza, S Jans, T Lyttwin, B Haberhausen, M Theisen, FM Martin, B Briegel, W Thome, J Schwenck, C Romanos, M Gerlach, M AF Taurines, Regina Segura, Monica Schecklmann, Martin Albantakis, Laura Gruenblatt, Edna Walitza, Susanne Jans, Thomas Lyttwin, Benjamin Haberhausen, Michael Theisen, Frank M. Martin, Berthold Briegel, Wolfgang Thome, Johannes Schwenck, Christina Romanos, Marcel Gerlach, Manfred TI Altered peripheral BDNF mRNA expression and BDNF protein concentrations in blood of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); ADHD; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Peripheral expression ID NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR BDNF; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; GEL-BASED MICROARRAY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; DEPRESSED-PATIENTS; HUMAN PLATELETS; WORKING-MEMORY; SERUM-LEVELS AB Findings from molecular genetic studies and analyses of postmortem and peripheral tissue led to the hypothesis that neurotrophins-as crucial moderators of neuroplasticity-impact on the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study projects aimed to complement former results on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family with fundamental impact on brain development and function. The purpose of this work was to investigate peripheral BDNF mRNA expression and BDNF protein concentrations in ASD as potential surrogates for the effects observed in the central nervous system. In a BDNF protein quantification study, serum concentrations were analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in 24 male patients with ASD, all with an IQ > 70 (age 13.9 +/- A 3.0 years) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (age 14.4 +/- A 2.1 years; p = 0.522). In a further independent project, a BDNF mRNA expression analysis, mRNA levels from total blood were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in a sample of 16 male ASD patients (age 10.8 +/- A 2.2), 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (age 12.1 +/- A 2.2) and 15 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a clinical control group (age 11.8 +/- A 2.2; p = 0.207). In the protein quantification project, significantly decreased BDNF serum concentrations were found in ASD cases compared to healthy control children (t = -2.123, df = 42, p < 0.05). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed this result in accordance with significant reductions in BDNF mRNA expression in ASD, observed in the mRNA expression study (F = 3.65; df = 2.43; p < 0.05); neither age nor IQ confounded the result, as indicated by ANCOVA (F = 3.961; df = 2.41; p < 0.05, eta (2) = 0.162). Our study projects supported the notion that neurotrophins are involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Further studies may eventually contribute to the identification of distinct peripheral mRNA expression and protein concentration patterns possibly supporting diagnostic and therapeutic processes. C1 [Taurines, Regina; Albantakis, Laura; Jans, Thomas; Lyttwin, Benjamin; Martin, Berthold; Romanos, Marcel; Gerlach, Manfred] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany. [Segura, Monica] Univ Int Catalunya, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Barcelona, Spain. [Schecklmann, Martin] Univ Regensburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Gruenblatt, Edna; Walitza, Susanne] Univ Zurich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Zurich, Switzerland. [Haberhausen, Michael] Univ Marburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Marburg, Germany. [Theisen, Frank M.] Herz Jesu Krankenhaus, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Fulda, Germany. [Briegel, Wolfgang] Leopoldina Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Schweinfurt, Germany. [Thome, Johannes] Univ Rostock, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Thome, Johannes] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Schwenck, Christina] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Frankfurt, Germany. RP Taurines, R (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Fuechsleinstr 15, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany. EM taurines@kjp.uni-wuerzburg.de FU Actelion; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Meyers Squibb; Ever Neuro Pharma; Janssen-Cilag; Lilly; Lundbeck; Medice Arzneimittel Putter; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Novartis Pharma; Pfizer Pharma; Roche; Servier; Shire; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; EU FP7; HSM Hochspezialisierte Medizin of the Kanton Zurich, Switzerland FX J. T. has obtained financial support (e. g. lecture honoraria, grants for research projects and scientific meetings, advisory-board membership) from Actelion, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Ever Neuro Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice Arzneimittel Putter, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharma, Pfizer Pharma, Roche, Servier, Shire. Some of these companies manufacture drugs used in the treatment of ADHD and ASD. S. W. has received lecture honoraria from Janssen Cilag, AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly in the last 5 years. Her work was partially supported in the last 5 years by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, EU FP7, HSM Hochspezialisierte Medizin of the Kanton Zurich, Switzerland. All other authors have no competing interests. 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TI Elucidating the neurophysiological underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder: new developments SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Visual event-related potential; Mirror neuron; Connectivity; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Excitation; Inhibition ID TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; VISUAL-EVOKED POTENTIALS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EEG MU-RHYTHM; FACE PERCEPTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERSTIMULUS VARIANCE AB The study of neurophysiological approaches together with rare and common risk factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) allows elucidating the specific underlying neurobiology of ASD. Whereas most neurophysiologically based research in ASD to date has focussed on case-control differences based on the DSM- or ICD-based categorical ASD diagnosis, more recent studies have aimed at studying genetically and/or neurophysiologically defined homogeneous ASD subgroups for specific neuronal biomarkers. This review addresses the neurophysiological investigation of ASD by evoked and event-related potentials, by EEG/MEG connectivity measures such as coherence, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. As an example of classical neurophysiological studies in ASD, we report event-related potential studies which have illustrated which brain areas and processing stages are affected in the visual perception of socially relevant stimuli. However, a paradigm shift has taken place in recent years focussing on how these findings can be tracked down to basic neuronal functions such as deficits in cortico-cortical connectivity and the interaction between brain areas. Disconnectivity, for example, can again be related to genetically induced shifts in the excitation/inhibition balance. Genetic causes of ASD may be grouped by their effects on the brain's system level to identify ASD subgroups which respond differentially to therapeutic interventions. C1 [Luckhardt, C.; Jarczok, T. A.; Bender, S.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Luckhardt, C (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. EM Christina.Luckhardt@kgu.de FU German Research Foundation DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [FR2069/2-1]; LOEWE programme, Neuronal Coordination Research Focus Frankfurt (NeFF) [B1] FX We would like to thank Dr. Susanne Raisig for proofreading our manuscript. This work was supported by grant FR2069/2-1 of the German Research Foundation DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) to C. M. 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Neural Transm. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 IS 9 SI SI BP 1129 EP 1144 DI 10.1007/s00702-014-1265-4 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO1TB UT WOS:000341096400005 PM 25059455 ER PT J AU Ambrosino, S Bos, DJ van Raalten, TR Kobussen, NA van Belle, J Oranje, B Durston, S AF Ambrosino, S. Bos, D. J. van Raalten, T. R. Kobussen, N. A. van Belle, J. Oranje, B. Durston, S. TI Functional connectivity during cognitive control in children with autism spectrum disorder: an independent component analysis SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE ASD; Functional connectivity; ICA; Cognitive control; Rigid behavior ID INHIBITORY CONTROL; FMRI DATA; NETWORK CONNECTIVITY; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; WORKING-MEMORY; DEFAULT-MODE; MRI DATA; ACTIVATION AB Restrictive and repetitive behavior in autism may be related to deficits in cognitive control. Here, we aimed to assess functional connectivity during a cognitive control task and compare brain network activity and connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing children using a multivariate data-driven approach. 19 high-functioning boys with ASD and 19 age-matched typically developing boys were included in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3T during the performance of a cognitive control task (go/no-go paradigm). Functional networks were identified using independent component analysis. Network activity and connectivity was compared between groups and correlated with clinical measures of rigid behavior using multivariate analysis of covariance. We found no differences between the groups in task performance or in network activity. Power analysis indicated that, if this were a real difference, it would require nearly 800 subjects to show group differences in network activity using this paradigm. Neither were there correlations between network activity and rigid behavior. Our data do not provide support for the presence of deficits in cognitive control in children with ASD, or the functional networks supporting this ability. C1 [Ambrosino, S.; Bos, D. J.; van Raalten, T. R.; Kobussen, N. A.; van Belle, J.; Oranje, B.; Durston, S.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, NICHE Lab, Dept Psychiat, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Ambrosino, S (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, NICHE Lab, Dept Psychiat, HP A-01-126,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM S.AmbrosinodiBruttopilo-3@umcutrecht.nl FU Hersenstichting Nederland [F2009(1)-17] FX The authors would like to thank all the participants and their families of this study. We wish to thank Juliette Weusten for the assistance with subject recruitment and MRI assessment. This work was financially supported by the Hersenstichting Nederland, grant number F2009(1)-17. 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TI The effect of age, diagnosis, and their interaction on vertex-based measures of cortical thickness and surface area in autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Neuroanatomy; Cortical thickness; Surface area; Neurodevelopment ID COORDINATE SYSTEM; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; PROGENITOR CELLS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; MRI; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENCE; ANATOMY; ADULTS; REPRESENTATION AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that is accompanied by an atypical development of brain maturation. So far, brain development has mainly been studied during early childhood in ASD, and using measures of total or lobular brain volume. However, cortical volumetric measures are a product of two distinct biological neuroanatomical features, cortical thickness, and surface area, which most likely also have different neurodevelopmental trajectories in ASD. Here, we therefore examined age-related differences in cortical thickness and surface area in a cross-sectional sample of 77 male individuals with ASD ranging from 7 to 25 years of age, and 77 male neurotypical controls matched for age and FSIQ. Surface-based measures were analyzed using a general linear model (GLM) including linear, quadratic, and cubic age terms, as well as their interactions with the main effect of group. When controlling for the effects of age, individuals with ASD had spatially distributed reductions in cortical thickness relative to controls, particularly in fronto-temporal regions, and also showed significantly reduced surface area in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior temporal lobe. We also observed significant group x age interactions for both measures. However, while cortical thickness was best predicted by a quadratic age term, the neurodevelopmental trajectory for measures of surface area was mostly linear. Our findings suggest that ASD is accompanied by age-related and region-specific reductions in cortical thickness and surface area during childhood and early adulthood. Thus, differences in the neurodevelopmental trajectory of maturation for both measures need to be taken into account when interpreting between-group differences overall. C1 [Ecker, C.; Shahidiani, A.; Feng, Y.; Daly, E.; Murphy, C.; D'Almeida, V.; Gillan, N.; Gudbrandsen, M.; Wichers, R.; Andrews, D.; Murphy, D. G. M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. [Ecker, C.; Shahidiani, A.; Feng, Y.; Daly, E.; Murphy, C.; D'Almeida, V.; Gillan, N.; Gudbrandsen, M.; Wichers, R.; Andrews, D.; Murphy, D. G. M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Sackler Inst Translat Neurodev Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. [Deoni, S.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Adv Baby Imaging Lab, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Williams, S. C.; Van Hemert, L.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Ctr Neuroimaging Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Ecker, C (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. EM christine.ecker@kcl.ac.uk RI Williams, Steve/D-6979-2011; Ecker, Christine/E-5194-2010 FU Medical Research Council UK [G0400061, G0800298]; Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation; EU-AIMS project (European Autism Interventions-a Multicentre Study for developing New Medications) from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking [115300]; EU; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry; South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust FX This work was supported (1) by the Medical Research Council UK (G0400061 and G0800298), (2) by the Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation, (3) by the EU-AIMS project (European Autism Interventions-a Multicentre Study for developing New Medications) receiving support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115300, which includes financial contributions from the EU Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), (4) by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, and (5) by the South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. We are also grateful to those who agreed to be scanned and who gave their time so generously to this study. 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Neural Transm. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 IS 9 SI SI BP 1157 EP 1170 DI 10.1007/s00702-014-1207-1 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO1TB UT WOS:000341096400007 PM 24752753 ER PT J AU Greimel, E Schulte-Ruther, M Kamp-Becker, I Remschmidt, H Herpertz-Dahlmann, B Konrad, K AF Greimel, Ellen Schulte-Ruether, Martin Kamp-Becker, Inge Remschmidt, Helmut Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Konrad, Kerstin TI Impairment in face processing in autism spectrum disorder: a developmental perspective SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Development; Age; Face recognition; Emotion ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; EMOTION RECOGNITION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BRAIN ACTIVATION; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; AMYGDALA; INFORMATION; CHILDHOOD AB Findings on face identity and facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are inconclusive. Moreover, little is known about the developmental trajectory of face processing skills in ASD. Taking a developmental perspective, the aim of this study was to extend previous findings on face processing skills in a sample of adolescents and adults with ASD. N = 38 adolescents and adults (13-49 years) with high-functioning ASD and n = 37 typically developing (TD) control subjects matched for age and IQ participated in the study. Moreover, n = 18 TD children between the ages of 8 and 12 were included to address the question whether face processing skills in ASD follow a delayed developmental pattern. Face processing skills were assessed using computerized tasks of face identity recognition (FR) and identification of facial emotions (IFE). ASD subjects showed impaired performance on several parameters of the FR and IFE task compared to TD control adolescents and adults. Whereas TD adolescents and adults outperformed TD children in both tasks, performance in ASD adolescents and adults was similar to the group of TD children. Within the groups of ASD and control adolescents and adults, no age-related changes in performance were found. Our findings corroborate and extend previous studies showing that ASD is characterised by broad impairments in the ability to process faces. These impairments seem to reflect a developmentally delayed pattern that remains stable throughout adolescence and adulthood. C1 [Greimel, Ellen; Schulte-Ruether, Martin; Konrad, Kerstin] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Child Neuropsychol Sect, D-52062 Aachen, Germany. [Greimel, Ellen; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-52062 Aachen, Germany. [Greimel, Ellen] Univ Hosp Munich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [Kamp-Becker, Inge; Remschmidt, Helmut] Univ Hosp Giessen & Marburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Giessen, Germany. RP Greimel, E (reprint author), Univ Hosp Munich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Pettenkoferstr 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany. EM Ellen.Greimel@med.uni-muenchen.de RI Konrad, Kerstin/H-7747-2013 OI Konrad, Kerstin/0000-0001-9039-2615 FU Vifor Pharma; Novartis; Medice FX B. H.-D. receives industry research funding from Vifor Pharma. K. K. received speaking fees from Novartis and Medice. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 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SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE ASD; WM; Inhibition; Individual differences ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; N-BACK TASK; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; LATENT-VARIABLE ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS AB Findings on working memory (WM) and inhibition in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are contradictory and earlier studies largely ignored individual differences. As WM and inhibition seem to be related, children who experience WM deficits might also experience inhibition deficits. Moreover, these children possibly form a distinct subgroup, differing on other variables, such as cognitive functioning, symptom severity, behavior, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) characteristics. We studied a large sample of children with and without ASD (8-12 years, IQ > 80) with classic experimental tasks (n-back task, ASD n = 77, control n = 45; stop task, ASD n = 74, control n = 43), and explored individual differences. The ASD group made more errors on the n-back task with increasing WM load, and had longer stop signal reaction times on the stop task when compared with controls. However, only 6 % of the ASD group showed both WM and inhibition deficits, and 71 % showed no deficits. Parents of children with WM and/or inhibition deficits tended to report more conduct problems on the disruptive behavior disorder rating scale. ADHD characteristics did not influence performance. Some children used medication during testing, which seemingly influenced stop task performance, but excluding these data did not change the main findings. Large individual differences in cognitive functioning are present, even within children with ASD with average or above average intelligence. 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Neural Transm. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 IS 9 SI SI BP 1183 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/s00702-014-1225-z PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO1TB UT WOS:000341096400009 PM 24796318 ER PT J AU Pankert, A Pankert, K Herpertz-Dahlmann, B Konrad, K Kohls, G AF Pankert, Azarakhsh Pankert, Kilian Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Konrad, Kerstin Kohls, Gregor TI Responsivity to familiar versus unfamiliar social reward in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Social reward; Nonsocial reward; Familiarity; Cognitive control ID FUSIFORM FACE AREA; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BRAIN PLASTICITY; MONETARY REWARD; JOINT ATTENTION; ROMANTIC LOVE; MOTIVATION; INTERVENTION; DYSFUNCTION; IMPAIRMENT AB In autism spectrum disorders (ASD), social motivation theories suggest that the core social communication problems seen in children with ASD arise from diminished responsiveness to social reward. Although clinical and experimental data support these theories, the extent to which the reward deficit in ASD is unique for social rewards remains unclear. With the present investigation, we aimed to provide insight into the degree to which sociality as well as familiarity of reward incentives impact motivated goal-directed behavior in children with ASD. To do so, we directly compared the influence of familiar versus unfamiliar social reward relative to nonsocial, monetary reward in children with ASD relative to age- and IQ-matched typically developing controls (TDC) using a visual and auditory incentive go/nogo task with reward contingencies for successful response inhibitions. We found that children with ASD responded stronger to visual familiar and unfamiliar social reward as well as to nonsocial, monetary reward than TDC. While the present data are at odds with predictions made by social motivation theories, individual variations beyond clinical diagnosis, such as reward exposure across various social settings, help explain the pattern of results. The findings of this study stress the necessity for additional research on intra-individual as well as environmental factors that contribute to social reward responsiveness in individuals with ASD versus other neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD or conduct disorder. C1 [Pankert, Azarakhsh; Pankert, Kilian; Konrad, Kerstin; Kohls, Gregor] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Child Neuropsychol Sect, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. RP Kohls, G (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Child Neuropsychol Sect, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Neuenhofer Weg 21, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. EM gkohls@ukaachen.de RI Konrad, Kerstin/H-7747-2013 OI Konrad, Kerstin/0000-0001-9039-2615 FU German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/DFG) [IRTG 1328] FX We would like to thank all young volunteers and their families who participated in this study. We also thank Astrid Putz-Ebert for her help with data collection. This study was supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/DFG, IRTG 1328). We are also very grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. 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Neural Transm. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 IS 9 SI SI BP 1199 EP 1210 DI 10.1007/s00702-014-1210-6 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO1TB UT WOS:000341096400010 PM 24728874 ER PT J AU Veness, C Prior, M Eadie, P Bavin, E Reilly, S AF Veness, Carly Prior, Margot Eadie, Patricia Bavin, Edith Reilly, Sheena TI Predicting autism diagnosis by 7 years of age using parent report of infant social communication skills SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE autism; infant; longitudinal study; non-verbal communication; social interaction ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EARLY INDICATORS; HOME VIDEOTAPES; 2ND YEAR; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; LIFE AB Aim: The aim of this study is to identify social communication skills in infancy which predict autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis by 7 years as compared with children with other developmental difficulties or typical development from within a population sample. Methods: Children with an ASD (n = 41), developmental delay (n = 28), language impairment (n = 47) and typical development (n = 41) were drawn from a large, longitudinal community sample following children from 8 months to 7 years of age, the Early Language in Victoria Study. At 7 years of age, early social communication skills at 8, 12 and 24 months from the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Infant-Toddler Checklist and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Gestures were compared between groups and used to predict ASD diagnosis. Results: Significant predictors of ASD diagnosis were found from 8 months, predominantly focused on gesture use and communicative behaviours, such as requesting and joint attention. While comparisons between children with ASD and children with language impairment and typical development revealed differences from 8 months of age, the developmental delay group did not differ significantly from ASD on any measure until 24 months of age. At 24 months, children with ASD had lower Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Use of Communication scores as compared with all other groups. Conclusions: The capacity to identify early markers of ASD should facilitate awareness of the risk of an ASD as compared with other developmental problems and point to the need for further developmental assessment, monitoring and provision of early intervention if indicated. C1 [Veness, Carly; Eadie, Patricia; Reilly, Sheena] Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Hearing Language & Literacy Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Prior, Margot] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Eadie, Patricia] Univ Melbourne, Dept Audiol & Speech Pathol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Reilly, Sheena] Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bavin, Edith] La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Reilly, S (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM sheena.reilly@mcri.edu.au FU National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [1041947, 607407, 1023493]; Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support Program; NHMRC [1041892]; Nadia Verrall Memorial Research Grant from Speech Pathology Australia; Syd and Ann Wellard Memorial Trust FX ELVS was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Project Grants (#1041947, #607407 and #1023493) and the Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support Program. SR was supported by the NHMRC practitioner fellowship (#1041892). The ELVS Autism study was supported by the Nadia Verrall Memorial Research Grant from Speech Pathology Australia and the Syd and Ann Wellard Memorial Trust as administered by Equity Trustees Limited. The authors would like to acknowledge and thank all participating families and the ELVS research assistants. 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M., 2001, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Wetherby AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P960, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0237-4 Wetherby AM, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P473, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2544-y NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1034-4810 EI 1440-1754 J9 J PAEDIATR CHILD H JI J. Paediatr. Child Health PD SEP PY 2014 VL 50 IS 9 BP 693 EP 700 DI 10.1111/jpc.12614 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AO2HV UT WOS:000341141200007 PM 24909517 ER PT J AU McLean, RL Harrison, AJ Zimak, E Joseph, RM Morrow, EM AF McLean, Rebecca L. Harrison, Ashley Johnson Zimak, Eric Joseph, Robert M. Morrow, Eric M. TI Executive Function in Probands With Autism With Average IQ and Their Unaffected First-Degree Relatives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; executive functioning; adaptive functioning; IQ; pedigree ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; PARENTS; IMPAIRMENTS; DYSFUNCTION; CHILDHOOD; PROFILES AB Objective: This study aimed to characterize executive function (EF) in pedigrees of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and average IQ. The authors examined the hypothesis that deficits in EF relate to lower levels of adaptive functioning, and they assessed evidence for a cognitive extended phenotype in unaffected relatives in a large, well-characterized sample. Method: Proband EF was assessed by parent-report questionnaires (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning [BRIEF], n = 109) and child neuropsychological tests (Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System [D-KEFS], n = 35). EF also was examined in parents (D-KEFS, n = 335) and unaffected siblings (BRIEF, n = 114; D-KEFS, n = 57). Adaptive functioning was assessed by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II (n = 155). All data were obtained from the Autism Consortium Clinical Genetics Database. Results: Individuals with ASD showed important EF weaknesses. Multiple regression analyses showed that parent-reported EF deficits were related to profound decreases in adaptive functioning even after controlling for age, IQ and severity of ASD symptoms. Parent-reported EF also was related to adaptive skills in preschoolers. First-degree unaffected relatives did not demonstrate difficulties with EF compared with normative data. Conclusion: In this study, EF impairments do not appear to relate to broad familial risk factors for ASD but may be associated with factors relevant to the expression of ASD in probands. Results support the benefits of EF assessment as a way to identify potential therapeutic targets that could lead to improved adaptive behavior in children with ASD and average IQ. C1 [McLean, Rebecca L.; Morrow, Eric M.] Brown Univ, Sch Med, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hosp, Dev Disorders Genet Res Program, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [McLean, Rebecca L.] Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Neurodev Ctr, Pawtucket, RI USA. [Harrison, Ashley Johnson; Zimak, Eric] Emma Pendleton Bradley Hosp, Dev Disorders Genet Res Program, East Providence, RI USA. [Harrison, Ashley Johnson; Zimak, Eric] Brown Univ, Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Joseph, Robert M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Joseph, Robert M.; Morrow, Eric M.] Autism Consortium, Boston, MA USA. [Morrow, Eric M.] Brown Univ, Brown Inst Brain Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Morrow, EM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Mol Med Lab, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM eric_morrow@brown.edu RI Joseph, Roy/D-8530-2015 FU Dr. Morrow's Career Award in Medical Science from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund; National Institutes of Health (NIH) / National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [P20GM103645 01A1]; Autism Consortium; NIMH [1R01MH085143, 1R01MH083565] FX This research was supported by Dr. Morrow's Career Award in Medical Science from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) / National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) grant P20GM103645 01A1 : Project Award under Neuroscience COBRE Project. The collection of data and biomaterials comes from the Phenotypic and Genetic Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders Study. Since 2008, this project has been supported by the Autism Consortium and by NIMH grants (1R01MH085143, principal investigator, Louis M. Kunkel, PhD; 1R01MH083565, principal investigator, Christopher Walsh, MD, PhD) CR American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BaronCohen S, 1997, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V9, P548, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.548 Bolte S, 2002, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V33, P165, DOI 10.1023/A:1020734325815 Delis DC, 2001, DELIS KAPLAN EXECUTI Delorme R, 2007, EUR PSYCHIAT, V22, P32, DOI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.05.002 Duncan AW, 2013, AUTISM Eigsti I. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1001 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.019 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AO3HW UT WOS:000341221300010 PM 25151423 ER PT J AU Crider, A Pandya, CD Peter, D Ahmed, AO Pillai, A AF Crider, Amanda Pandya, Chirayu D. Peter, Diya Ahmed, Anthony O. Pillai, Anilkumar TI Ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degradation of GABA(A)alpha 1 in autism spectrum disorder SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism; GABA(A) receptor; Ubiquitination; SYVN1; Neurons ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; RECEPTORS; SYSTEM; PHOSPHORYLATION; EXPRESSION; RETENTION; EPILEPSY; MUTATION; PATHWAY; CORTEX AB Background: Although the neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood, recent studies have indicated the potential role of GABA(A) receptors in the pathophysiology of ASD. GABA(A) receptors play a crucial role in various neurodevelopmental processes and adult neuroplasticity. However, the mechanism(s) of regulation of GABA(A) receptors in ASD remains poorly understood. Methods: Postmortem middle frontal gyrus tissues (13 ASD and 13 control subjects) were used. In vitro studies were performed in primary cortical neurons at days in vitro (DIV) 14. The protein levels were examined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence studies were employed for cellular localization. The gene expression was determined by RT-PCR array and qRT-PCR. Results: A significant decrease in GABA(A)alpha 1 protein, but not mRNA levels was found in the middle frontal gyrus of ASD subjects indicating a post-translational regulation of GABA(A) receptors in ASD. At the cellular level, treatment with proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, or lactacystin significantly increased GABA(A)alpha 1 protein levels and Lys48-linked polyubiquitination of GABA(A)alpha 1, but reduced proteasome activity in mouse primary cortical neurons (DIV 14 from E16 embryos). Moreover, treatment with betulinic acid, a proteasome activator significantly decreased GABA(A alpha)1 protein levels in cortical neurons indicating the role of polyubiquitination of GABA(A)alpha 1 proteins with their subsequent proteasomal degradation in cortical neurons. Ubiquitination specific RT-PCR array followed by western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in SYVN1, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) E3 ubiquitin ligase in the middle frontal gyrus of ASD subjects. In addition, the inhibition of proteasomal activity by MG132 increased the expression of GABA(A)alpha 1 in the ER. The siRNA knockdown of SYVN1 significantly increased GABA(A)alpha 1 protein levels in cortical neurons. Moreover, reduced association between SYVN1 and GABA(A)alpha 1 was found in the middle frontal gyrus of ASD subjects. Conclusions: SYVN1 plays a critical role as an E3 ligase in the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-mediated GABA(A)a1 degradation. Thus, inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated GABA(A)alpha 1 degradation may be an important mechanism for preventing GABA(A)alpha 1 turnover to maintain GABA(A)alpha 1 levels and GABA signaling in ASD. C1 [Crider, Amanda; Pandya, Chirayu D.; Peter, Diya; Pillai, Anilkumar] Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Psychiat & Hlth Behav, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Ahmed, Anthony O.] Will Cornell Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. RP Pillai, A (reprint author), Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Psychiat & Hlth Behav, 997 St Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM apillai@gru.edu FU NIH [HHSN275200900011C, NO1-HD-9-0011] FX Human postmortem samples were obtained from the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. The Bank is funded by NIH Contract No. #HHSN275200900011C, Ref. No. NO1-HD-9-0011. 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Autism PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 45 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-45 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO2NC UT WOS:000341159500001 PM 25392730 ER PT J AU Dickerson, AS Pearson, DA Loveland, KA Rahbar, MH Filipek, PA AF Dickerson, Aisha S. Pearson, Deborah A. Loveland, Katherine A. Rahbar, Mohammad H. Filipek, Pauline A. TI Role of parental occupation in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and severity SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Diagnosis; Severity; Risk; Occupation; Parents ID INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION; GENERAL-POPULATION; JAMAICAN CHILDREN; PHENOTYPE; EXPOSURE; LEAD; MATHEMATICIANS; ADOLESCENTS; SIBLINGS; MERCURY AB Some have suggested that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present with less recognizable autistic-like phenotypic characteristics, leading them to highly systemizing occupations. Using secondary analysis of data from two previous studies of children with ASD, we tested associations between parental occupations and ASD diagnosis and the association of parental occupational characteristics on ASD severity. We found that fathers in healthcare (P < 0.01) and finance (P = 0.03) were more likely to have children with ASD. Additionally, joint effects of parental technical occupations were associated with communication (P < 0.01) and social impairment (P = 0.04). These results support that a "broader phenotype" and possible assortative mating in adults with autistic-like characteristics might contribute to intergenerational transmission and having offspring with greater ASD severity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dickerson, Aisha S.; Rahbar, Mohammad H.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci EHGES, Houston, TX USA. [Dickerson, Aisha S.; Rahbar, Mohammad H.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Clin & Translat Sci, Biostat Epidemiol Res Design Core, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Pearson, Deborah A.; Loveland, Katherine A.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Filipek, Pauline A.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Learning Inst, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Filipek, Pauline A.] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Child & Adolescent Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Dickerson, AS (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Clin & Translat Sci, Biostat Epidemiol Res Design Core, UT Profess Bldg Suite 1100-05, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 EI 1878-0237 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 997 EP 1007 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.007 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600001 ER PT J AU Gargaro, BA May, T Tonge, BJ Sheppard, DM Bradshaw, JL Rinehart, NJ AF Gargaro, B. A. May, T. Tonge, B. J. Sheppard, D. M. Bradshaw, J. L. Rinehart, N. J. TI Using the DBC-P Hyperactivity Index to screen for ADHD in young people with autism and ADHD: A pilot study SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ADHD; Autism spectrum disorder; Comorbidity; DBC; Hyperactivity ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; POPULATION; ADOLESCENTS; INSTRUMENT; SYMPTOMS; SAMPLE AB This study aimed to (1) determine preliminary validity of the Developmental Behaviour Checklist-Hyperactivity Index (DBC-HI) as a screening measure of combined-type ADHD in autism and ADHD, and (2) compare emotional-behavioural disturbance using the DBC in autism, ADHD and autism + ADHD. Forty-nine age- and PIQ-matched young people [6-18 years; 12 autism, 13 ADHD, 12 autism + ADHD, 12 typically developing] were recruited. Parents completed the Conners-Revised Rating Scale and DBC. The DBC-HI displayed strong internal consistency and good external validity, reliably measuring combined-type ADHD. The DBC-HI distinguished autism from autism + ADHD with fair sensitivity and specificity. Individuals with autism + ADHD exhibited a more severe profile of emotional-behavioural disturbance than autism or ADHD alone. The DBC may be a useful 'all-in-one' screening tool to (1) identify comorbidity and (2) determine the severity of emotional-behavioural disturbance in autism and/or ADHD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gargaro, B. A.; Tonge, B. J.; Bradshaw, J. L.] Monash Univ, Sch Psychol & Psychiat, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [May, T.; Rinehart, N. J.] Deakin Univ, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Sheppard, D. M.] Monash Univ, Monash Univ Accid Res Ctr, Monash Injury Res Inst, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP May, T (reprint author), Deakin Univ, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1008 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.004 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600002 ER PT J AU Brady, DI Saklofske, DH Schwean, VL Montgomery, JM McCrimmon, AW Thorne, KJ AF Brady, Danielle I. Saklofske, Donald H. Schwean, Vicki L. Montgomery, Janine M. McCrimmon, Adam W. Thorne, Keoma J. TI Cognitive and emotional intelligence in young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder without an accompanying intellectual or language disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cognitive intelligence; Emotional intelligence; Neuropsychology and young adults ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE; INDIVIDUALS; HEALTH AB Research in the neurosciences has identified distinctions between neural structures that subserve cognitive intelligence (CI) and those subserving emotional intelligence (EI). This study explored the performance of young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) without an accompanying intellectual or language disorder relative to typically-developing peers, on indices of CI and EI. Both the ASD and age- and sex-matched typically-developing groups exhibited high average cognitive intellectual abilities. In contrast, the ASD group reported lower levels of EI relative to their typically-developing peers, as expected given the social and emotional challenges faced by individuals with ASD. Importantly, cognitive intelligence did not correlate with EI in either group. Taken together, these findings further support the theory of dissociable neural systems underlying CI and EI. These findings also highlight the need to address not only the intellectual aspects of cognition, but also the emotional components to increase understanding of, and improve treatment for individuals on the autism spectrum. This understanding would enhance our ability to assess and support young adults with ASD, and ultimately ease their transition into adulthood. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brady, Danielle I.; McCrimmon, Adam W.; Thorne, Keoma J.] Univ Calgary, Div Appl Psychol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Saklofske, Donald H.] Univ Western Ontario, Social Sci Ctr, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Schwean, Vicki L.] Univ Western Ontario, Fac Educ, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada. [Montgomery, Janine M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Psychol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Brady, DI (reprint author), POB 21055,110 Columbia Blvd West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6X4, Canada. EM dbrady@ucalgary.ca CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Austin E. J., 2005, INT HDB EMOTIONAL IN Bar-On R, 2010, S AFR J PSYCHOL, V40, P54 Bar-On R, 2003, BRAIN, V126, P1790, DOI 10.1093/brain/awg177 Bar-On R., 2002, BAR EMOTIONAL QUOTIE Bar-On R., 1997, BAR EMOTIONAL QUOTIE Bar-On R, 2006, PSICOTHEMA, V18, P13 Bechara A., 2000, BRAIN, V123, P189, DOI DOI 10.1093/BRAIN/123.11.2189 Bechara A., 2006, ED PEOPLE BE EMOTION, P295 Bechara A., 2000, HDB EMOTIONAL INTELL, P192 Bracken B. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1016 EP 1023 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.009 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600003 ER PT J AU Adams, HL Matson, JL Jang, J AF Adams, Hilary L. Matson, Johnny L. Jang, Jina TI The relationship between sleep problems and challenging behavior among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sleep problems; Challenging behavior ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; PDD-NOS; ADULTS; SYMPTOMS; INFANTS; ASD; RISPERIDONE AB Prior research has indicated fairly consistently that sleep problems appear to worsen ASD core symptomatology. As such, the present study was conducted to examine whether or not sleep problems also exacerbate behavior problems commonly exhibited by children and adolescents with ASD in terms of total, internalizing, and externalizing challenging behavior. Results indicated that presence of sleep problems increased the ratings of challenging behavior across types, as hypothesized. Unexpectedly, degree of sleep problem (i.e., mild versus severe) only affected total and externalizing challenging behavior, whereas ratings of internalizing challenging behavior were not significantly different between mild and severe sleep problem groups. Clinical applications of findings, as well as future directions for additional research on the topic of sleep among individuals with ASD, are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Adams, Hilary L.; Matson, Johnny L.; Jang, Jina] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Adams, HL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1024 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.008 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600004 ER PT J AU Rivard, M Terroux, A Mercier, C AF Rivard, Melina Terroux, Amelie Mercier, Celine TI Effectiveness of early behavioral intervention in public and mainstream settings: The case of preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Children with autism spectrum disorders; Early behavioral intervention; Intensity; Mainstream day care; Parental coaching; Effectiveness ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; INTENSIVE EARLY INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; PEOPLE; PROGRAM; METAANALYSIS AB Despite the demonstrated positive outcomes of early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), several challenges to its implementation on a large scale and in community settings remain. In order to maximize the accessibility and cost-effectiveness of its services, a regional public agency serving children with ASD implemented two consecutive programs: a 1 year pre-program for parents (intensive sessions followed by 1 hour per week of individual coaching) and an early behavioral intervention (EBI) program with less than optimal weekly intensity (16-20 hours) delivered in mainstream day care settings. The outcomes of these programs were assessed among 93 children. Their IQ adaptive behavior, and socioaffective competencies were found to have improved after 12 months in the EBI program. Their autism symptoms had also decreased marginally. Although the pre-program did not have observable effects on children's outcomes, their parents reported positive impact on their well-being and family life. These results demonstrate the feasibility and sustainability of offering EBI to large, unselected populations. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1031 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.010 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600005 ER PT J AU Fisher, WW Luczynski, KC Hood, SA Lesser, AD Machado, MA Piazza, CC AF Fisher, Wayne W. Luczynski, Kevin C. Hood, Stephanie A. Lesser, Aaron D. Machado, Mychal A. Piazza, Cathleen C. TI Preliminary findings of a randomized clinical trial of a virtual training program for applied behavior analysis technicians SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Applied behavior analysis; Autism; Behavioral skills training; Early intensive behavioral interventions; Telehealth; Virtual care ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; TELEHEALTH AB As the demand for applied behavior analysis (ABA) services for children with an autism spectrum disorder continues to grow, it is critical to develop efficient, effective, and widely accessible procedures for training technicians to implement ABA interventions. One approach would be to develop efficacious training programs that could be delivered over the Internet via a virtual private network (VPN). In the current study, we developed a 40-h virtual training program in which participants completed e-learning modules and also received behavioral skills training over a VPN to implement behavior reduction and skill acquisition protocols in both discrete-trail and play-based formats. This virtual training program was evaluated in a randomized-clinical trial (RCT) using direct-observation measures on the implementation of discrete-trial training and play-based procedures as the primary dependent variables (which were also collected via a VPN). Participants in the treatment group showed robust and statistically significant improvement in their implementation of behavior reduction and acquisition programs under both discrete-trial and play-based formats, and they rated the training as highly socially acceptable. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1044 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.002 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600006 ER PT J AU Shih, CH Chiang, MS Wang, SH Chen, CN AF Shih, Ching-Hsiang Chiang, Ming-Shan Wang, Shu-Hui Chen, Chih-Nung TI Teaching two teenagers with autism spectrum disorders to request the continuation of video playback using a touchscreen computer with the function of automatic response to requests SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Touchscreen; ASD; SGD; Communication request ID CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION; FREE WIRELESS MICE; DESIGNATED OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITIES; FOLLOW SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS; WII REMOTE CONTROLLER; ASSISTING PEOPLE; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITIES; ENABLING PEOPLE; BALANCE BOARDS AB This study used a standard touchscreen computer with a newly developed Communication Request and Automatic Response Assistive Program (CRARAP) software package to evaluate whether two people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) would be able to actively perform communication requests to continue their preferred environmental stimulation. The CRARAP software was specifically developed for this study to combine the functions of a standard touchscreen computer with a speech-generating device (SGD) and the feature of automatic response to requests. A multiple probe design across participants was adopted in this study. The results show that both participants significantly improved their target responses in terms of performing the correct alternative communication request during the intervention phase, and retained this effective performance in the maintenance phase. The practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shih, Ching-Hsiang; Chiang, Ming-Shan; Wang, Shu-Hui; Chen, Chih-Nung] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Special Educ, Hualien 970, Taiwan. RP Shih, CH (reprint author), Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Special Educ, Hualien 970, Taiwan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1055 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.014 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600007 ER PT J AU Chuang, IC Tseng, MH Lu, L Shieh, JY Cermak, SA AF Chuang, I-Ching Tseng, Mei-Hui Lu, Lu Shieh, Jeng-Yi Cermak, Sharon A. TI Predictors of the health-related quality of life in preschool children with Autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Health-related quality of life; Caregiver's mental health; Parenting stress; Preschool children with Autism spectrum disorders ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; QUESTIONNAIRE CHQ; MENTAL-HEALTH; DETERMINANTS; ASSOCIATIONS; TEMPERAMENT; VALIDATION; CHILDHOOD AB This study was aimed to identify the predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by considering the caregiver's characteristics such as mental health and parenting stress as well as child characteristics in preschool children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A total of 106 children aged 36-70 months participated in this study. The study indicated that the predictors of HRQOL in children with ASD encompassed not only child but also caregiver characteristics. In particular, good HRQOL on the domains of social and emotional functioning in children with ASD depended upon the caregiver's mental well-being. In summary, the present findings highlight the need for assessment of caregivers' parenting stress and their mental status as well as the predictors of HRQOL in children with ASD. Furthermore, the findings of the study could serve as a guide for clinicians to target at the predictors when providing assessment and intervention for children with ASD to improve their HRQOL. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chuang, I-Ching; Tseng, Mei-Hui] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Sch Occupat Therapy, Taipei 10055, Taiwan. [Tseng, Mei-Hui; Lu, Lu; Shieh, Jeng-Yi] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Taipei, Taiwan. [Cermak, Sharon A.] Univ So Calif, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Tseng, MH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Sch Occupat Therapy, Taipei 10055, Taiwan. 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Di Leone, Antonia Albano, Vincenza Stella, Anna Damato, Concetta TI A microswitch-cluster program to enhance object manipulation and to reduce hand mouthing by three boys with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Microswitch-cluster; Autism spectrum disorders; Developmental disabilities; Indices of happiness; Quality of life ID SCANNING KEYBOARD EMULATOR; MULTIPLE DISABILITIES; MOTOR DISABILITIES; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; BEHAVIOR; TECHNOLOGY; CHILDREN; ENGAGEMENT; INTERVENTIONS; INDIVIDUALS AB We assessed a microswitch-cluster program to enhance object manipulation and to reduce hand mouthing by three boys with autism spectrum disorders and severe to profound intellectual disabilities. A second goal of the study was to monitor the effect of such program on the indices of happiness of the participants. The study has been carried out according to an ABB(1)AB(1) sequence, where A represented baseline phases, B represented intervention phase in which the adaptive response (i.e. object manipulation) was followed by a contingent positive stimulation irrespective of challenge behavior (i.e. hand mouthing), and B-1 indicated intervention phases in which an adaptive response was followed by a contingent positive stimulation only if it occurred with the simultaneous absence of the challenge behavior. Otherwise, positive stimulation was interrupted if the challenge behavior was exhibited during its supply. Results showed an increasing of the adaptive responses and a decrease of the challenge behavior during intervention phases. All participants spent less time with the exhibition of challenge behavior, during intervention phases, compared to baseline sessions. Finally, the indices of happiness augmented during intervention phases. Clinical, practical and psychological implications of the findings are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stasolla, Fabrizio] Lega Filo dOro Res Ctr, Molfetta, Italy. [Perilli, Viviana] Lega Filo dOro Res Ctr, Lesmo, Italy. [Damiani, Rita; Caffo, Alessandro O.; Di Leone, Antonia; Albano, Vincenza; Stella, Anna; Damato, Concetta] Univ Bari, Dept Educ Sci,Psychol,Commun, I-70121 Bari, Italy. RP Stasolla, F (reprint author), Lega Filo dOro Res Ctr, Molfetta, Italy. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1071 EP 1078 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.016 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600009 ER PT J AU Hambly, C Fombonne, E AF Hambly, Catherine Fombonne, Eric TI Factors influencing bilingual expressive vocabulary size in children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Language; Vocabulary; Bilingualism; Child ID LANGUAGE; ENGLISH; TODDLERS; SKILLS AB This study explored bilingual exposure, language, social impairment and cognitive factors that could influence second language (L2) expressive vocabulary size as measured on the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (various languages) in 33 children (mean age = 60 months) diagnosed with ASD. In the 23 children with L2 vocabularies, recent language exposure estimates accounted for 69% of the variation in L2 vocabulary size, and the VABS-II expressive scale score explained an additional 13% of the difference. The complete sample was then subgrouped into three levels of L2 vocabulary size to compare children with no L2 vocabularies (NON-B, n = 10), low L2 word counts (LOW-B, n = 11) and high L2 counts (HIGH-B, n = 12), as determined by a median split procedure. The HIGH-B group had significantly larger L1 vocabularies than both the LOW-B (p = .045) and the NON-B (p = .003) groups, and higher VABS-II expressive scale scores than both the LOW-B (p = .008) and the NON-B (p = .012) groups. Social impairment did not significantly differ across groups and cognitive impairment did not preclude the development of L2 vocabularies. Expressive bilingualism in this population appears related to high levels of recent direct L2 exposure in combination with stronger dominant language abilities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hambly, Catherine; Fombonne, Eric] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Inst Dev & Disabil, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Hambly, C (reprint author), 14 Gulf Lane, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM catherine.hambly@mail.mcgill.ca CR Bedore LM, 2012, BILING-LANG COGN, V15, P616, DOI 10.1017/S1366728912000090 Bialystok E., 2001, BILINGUALISM DEV LAN Bird EKR, 2012, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V47, P52, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00071.x Bird EKR, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P187, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/019) Bornstein M. H., 2006, INT J BILINGUAL, V10, P331, DOI [10.1177/13670069060100030401, DOI 10.1177/13670069060100030401] Brojde CL, 2012, FRONT PSYCHOL, V3, DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00155 Constantino J. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1079 EP 1089 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.013 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600010 ER PT J AU Uono, S Sato, W Toichi, M AF Uono, Shota Sato, Wataru Toichi, Motorni TI Reduced representational momentum for subtle dynamic facial expressions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Dynamic facial expression; Representational momentum; Social impairment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; HUMAN BRAIN; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; MOTION; ADOLESCENTS; FACE; IMITATION AB The cognitive mechanisms underlying social communication via emotional facial expressions are crucial for understanding the social impairments experienced by people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A recent study (Yoshikawa & Sato, 2008) found that typically developing individuals perceived the last image from a dynamic facial expression to be more emotionally exaggerated than a static facial expression; this perceptual difference is termed representational momentum (RM) for dynamic facial expressions. RM for dynamic facial expressions might be useful for detecting emotion in another's face and for predicting behavior changes. We examined RM for dynamic facial expressions using facial expression stimuli at three levels of emotional intensity (subtle, medium, and extreme) in people with ASD. We predicted that individuals with ASD would show reduced RM for dynamic facial expressions. Eleven individuals with ASD (three with Asperger's disorder and eight with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified) and II IQ-, age- and gender-matched typically developing controls participated in this study. Participants were asked to select an image that matched the final image from dynamic and static facial expressions. Our results revealed that subjectively perceived images were more exaggerated for the dynamic than for the static presentation under all levels of intensity and in both groups. The ASD group, however, perceived a reduced degree of exaggeration for dynamic facial expressions under the subtle intensity condition. As facial expressions are often displayed subtly in daily communications, reduced RM for subtle dynamic facial expressions may prevent individuals with ASD from appropriately interacting with other people as a consequence of their difficulty detecting others' emotions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Uono, Shota; Toichi, Motorni] Kyoto Univ, Fac Human Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Med, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Sato, Wataru] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Hakubi Project, Inuyama, Aichi 4848506, Japan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1090 EP 1099 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.018 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600011 ER PT J AU Nordahl-Hansen, A Kaale, A Ulvund, SE AF Nordahl-Hansen, Anders Kaale, Anett Ulvund, Stein Erik TI Language assessment in children with autism spectrum disorder: Concurrent validity between report-based assessments and direct tests SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Language assessment; ASD; Concurrent validity; Reynell Developmental Language Scales; Mullen Scales of Early Learning; Communicative Development Inventory ID COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT INVENTORIES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY; JOINT ATTENTION; MULLEN SCALES; COMPREHENSION; ABILITY; PARENT; SKILLS AB Impairments in expressive and receptive language are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the importance of language assessment is emphasized in e.g. DSM-5. Thus, studies addressing the validity of different language measures are important. Parents and preschool teachers of 55 children diagnosed with childhood autism separately filled out the Communicative Development Inventory (CDI), a widely used report-based assessment of language. The children were also tested with the two standardized direct language tests: Reynell Developmental Language Scales (RDLS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Concurrent validity across the three measures was investigated. The results suggested very high agreement between the measures, and this was found regardless of whether parents or preschool teachers filled out the CDI. Given the difficulty in testing children with low language levels, as often is the case in young children with ASD, this study shows that several valid measures are available for measuring expressive and receptive language. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1100 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.017 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600012 ER PT J AU King, ML Takeguchi, K Barry, SE Rehfeldt, RA Boyer, VE Mathews, TL AF King, Melissa L. Takeguchi, Kazu Barry, Shaina E. Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne Boyer, Valerie E. Mathews, Therese L. TI Evaluation of the iPad in the acquisition of requesting skills for children with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Requesting skills; iPad (R); Picture-based communication system ID EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM; VOICE OUTPUT COMMUNICATION; SPEECH-GENERATING DEVICE; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; PECS AB The iPad (R) with the Proloquo2Go (TM) application is designed to function as a speech-generating device (SGD). This study evaluates whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can acquire requesting skills using the iPad (R) with the Proloquo2Go (TM) application. Participants included three children with ASD between the ages of three and five. A multiple probe design across participants was used. Intervention phases were adapted and modified from the picture exchange communication system (PECS) (Bondy & Frost, 1994; Frost & Bondy, 2002). Results of this study support that children diagnosed with ASD can acquire skills needed to request preferred items using the iPad (R) with the Proloquo2Go (TM) application with training of a picture-based communication system. In addition, vocal requesting increased for the participants during the training phases in comparison to baseline probes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [King, Melissa L.; Takeguchi, Kazu; Barry, Shaina E.; Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne; Boyer, Valerie E.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Mathews, Therese L.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Munroe Meyer Inst, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP King, ML (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM melissa.king@unmc.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Barlow D.H., 2009, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA Boesch MC, 2013, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V7, P480, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2012.12.002 Bondy A. 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L., 2013, PEDIATRICS, V131, pe1128 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 EI 1878-0237 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1107 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.011 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600013 ER PT J AU Hill, AP Zuckerman, KE Hagen, AD Kriz, DJ Duvall, SW Van Santen, J Nigg, J Fair, D Fombonne, E AF Hill, Alison Presmanes Zuckerman, Katharine E. Hagen, Arlene D. Kriz, Daniel J. Duvall, Susanne W. Van Santen, Jan Nigg, Joel Fair, Damien Fombonne, Eric TI Aggressive behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence and correlates in a large clinical sample SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Psychotropic drugs; Aggression; Sleep; Internalizing problems; Attention problems ID CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; PHYSICAL AGGRESSION; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; YOUNG-PEOPLE; RISK-FACTORS; TRAJECTORIES; SYMPTOMS; TODDLERS AB Aggressive behavior problems (ABP) are frequent yet poorly understood in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and are likely to co-vary significantly with comorbid problems. We examined the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of ABP in a clinical sample of children with ASD (N = 400; 2-16.9 years). We also investigated whether children with ABP experience more intensive medical interventions, greater impairments in behavioral functioning, and more severe comorbid problems than children with ASD who do not have ABP. One in four children with ASD had Child Behavior Checklist scores on the Aggressive Behavior scale in the clinical range (T-scores >= 70). Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, parent education, race, ethnicity) were unrelated to ABP status. The presence of ABP was significantly associated with increased use of psychotropic drugs and melatonin, lower cognitive functioning, lower ASD severity, and greater comorbid sleep, internalizing, and attention problems. In multivariate models, sleep, internalizing, and attention problems were most strongly associated with ABP. These comorbid problems may hold promise as targets for treatment to decrease aggressive behavior and proactively identify high-risk profiles for prevention. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, Alison Presmanes; Van Santen, Jan] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Ctr Spoken Language Understanding, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Hill, Alison Presmanes; Hagen, Arlene D.; Kriz, Daniel J.; Duvall, Susanne W.; Van Santen, Jan; Fombonne, Eric] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Inst Dev & Disabil, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Zuckerman, Katharine E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Zuckerman, Katharine E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Hagen, Arlene D.; Nigg, Joel; Fair, Damien] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Psychiat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Fair, Damien; Fombonne, Eric] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Hill, AP (reprint author), 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Pk Rd GH 40, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM hillali@ohsu.edu CR Achenbach T, 2000, MANUAL ASEBA PRESCHO Achenbach T. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1121 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.006 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600014 ER PT J AU Rahbar, MH Samms-Vaughan, M Dickerson, AS Loveland, KA Ardjomand-Hessabi, M Bressler, J Lee, M Shakespeare-Pellington, S Grove, ML Pearson, DA Boervvinkle, E AF Rahbar, Mohammad H. Samms-Vaughan, Maureen Dickerson, Aisha S. Loveland, Katherine A. Ardjomand-Hessabi, Manouchehr Bressler, Jan Lee, MinJae Shakespeare-Pellington, Sydonnie Grove, Megan L. Pearson, Deborah A. Boervvinkle, Eric TI Role of fruits, grains, and seafood consumption in blood cadmium concentrations of Jamaican children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Grains; Fruits; Seafood; Jamaica ID FISH CONSUMPTION; HEAVY-METALS; QUANTILE REGRESSION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; HAIR; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Human exposure to cadmium has adverse effects on the nervous system. Utilizing data from 110 age- and sex-matched case-control pairs (220 children) ages 2-8 years in Kingston, Jamaica, we compared the 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In both univariable and multivariable Quantile Regression Models that controlled for potential confounding factors, we did not find any significant differences between ASD cases and typically developing (TD) controls with respect to the 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations (P > 0.22). However, we found a significantly higher 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations in TD Jamaican children who consumed shellfish (lobsters, crabs) (P < 0.05), fried plantain (P < 0.01), and boiled dumpling (P < 0.01). We also observed that children living in Jamaica have an arithmetic mean blood cadmium concentration of 0.16 mu g/L which is similar to that of the children in developed countries and much lower than that of children in developing countries. Although our results do not support an association between blood cadmium concentrations and ASD, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report levels of blood cadmium in TD children as well as those with ASD in Jamaica. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Dickerson, Aisha S.; Boervvinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci EHGES, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Lee, MinJae] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Internal Med, Univ Texas Med Sch, Div Clin & Translat Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Dickerson, Aisha S.; Ardjomand-Hessabi, Manouchehr] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, CCTS, BERD, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shakespeare-Pellington, Sydonnie] Univ W Indies, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Loveland, Katherine A.; Pearson, Deborah A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Univ Texas Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Boervvinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1134 EP 1145 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.002 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600015 ER PT J AU Lacroix, A Guidetti, M Roe, B Reilly, J AF Lacroix, Agnes Guidetti, Michele Roge, Bernadette Reilly, Judy TI Facial emotion recognition in 4-to 8-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder: A developmental trajectory approach SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Emotion recognition; Developmental delay ID CHILDREN; EXPRESSIONS; FACES; PERCEPTION; VOICES; PEOPLE AB The investigation of emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has both theoretical and practical implications. However, although many studies have examined facial emotion recognition in ASD, some points remain unclear. We therefore studied facial emotion recognition in young children with ASD across a small age range, in order to determine (1) their ability to recognize emotion and (2) the developmental trajectory of this ability. Twenty-two children with ASD aged 4-8 years were compared with typically developing children matched on either chronological age or verbal mental age. We administered three facial emotion tasks: matching, identification, and labeling. Results showed that children with ASD and typically developing children had difficulty with labeling emotions, but not with matching or identifying them. Happiness was the easiest to recognize, and surprise the hardest. The children with ASD did not exhibit delayed onset in the development of facial emotion recognition. To conclude, emotion recognition difficulties in children with ASD primarily concern the recognition of negative emotions and the identification of surprise, as they do in TD groups. This should be taken into account in future research, as well as in the design of future intervention programs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lacroix, Agnes] Univ Rennes 2, Ctr Rech Psychol Cognit & Commun, EA 1285, F-35000 Rennes, France. [Guidetti, Michele] Univ Toulouse 2, Octogone ECCD, Unite Rech Interdisciplinaire, EA 4156, F-31058 Toulouse 09, France. [Roge, Bernadette] Univ Toulouse 2, Octogone CERPP, Unite Rech Interdisciplinaire ea 4156, F-31058 Toulouse 9, France. [Reilly, Judy] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Lacroix, A (reprint author), Univ Rennes 2, Ctr Rech Psychol Cognit & Commun, EA 1285, Pl Recteur Henri Moal, F-35000 Rennes, France. 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TI Bullying of youth with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or typical development: Victim and parent perspectives SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Intellectual disability; Bullying; Adolescents; Friendship ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SOCIAL-SKILLS; ADOLESCENTS; FRIENDSHIP; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; SCHOOL; LONELINESS; VICTIMIZATION; ADJUSTMENT AB In-depth interviews conducted separately with 13-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), or typical development (TD) and their mothers investigated the experiences of victimization in the form of bullying. Coded constructs from the interviews were utilized to compare groups on the frequency, type, and impact of victimization. Youth with ASD were victimized more frequently than their ID or TO peers, and the groups differed with regard to the type of bullying and the impact it had, with ASD youth faring the worst. Higher internalizing problems and conflict in friendships were found to be significant predictors of victimization, according to both youth- and mother-reports. These predictors were found to be more salient than ASD status alone. Implications for practice are discussed. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zeedyk, S. M.; Rodriguez, G.; Tipton, L. A.; Blocher, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Grad Sch Educ, Attn SEARCH Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zeedyk, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Grad Sch Educ, Attn SEARCH Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1173 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.001 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600018 ER PT J AU Bardikoff, N McGonigle-Chalmers, M AF Bardikoff, Nicole McGonigle-Chalmers, Margaret TI Testing nonverbal IQ in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE WISC-III; WISC-IV; KABC-II; Nonverbal IQ; Children with Autism; Spectrum Disorders ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE; PROCESSING SPEED; MATCHING STRATEGIES; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; WISC-III; PROFILES; IV; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES AB 15 high-functioning school aged children with ASD and 15 neurotypically developing age matched controls were assessed using the WISC-IV and the KABC-II in order to assess whether the WISC-IV has rectified problems associated with the WISC-III's undue emphasis on timing measures. No significant group differences were found for the PRI sub-scale of the WISC-IV nor for the nonverbal scale of the KABC-II, but the ASD group scored significantly lower than controls on the Processing Speed Index of the WISC-IV. This supports the need to isolate of timing criteria when IQ testing in populations with ASD, as is now the case with the WISC-IV. However significantly higher scores were obtained for the KABC-II versus the PRI for children with ASD only. The reasons for this are discussed with regard to a possible cultural bias in the Picture Concepts subtest of the WISC-IV. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bardikoff, Nicole; McGonigle-Chalmers, Margaret] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh EH8 9QU, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bardikoff, N (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, 7 George Sq, Edinburgh EH8 9QU, Midlothian, Scotland. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1200 EP 1207 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.007 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600020 ER PT J AU Dixon, MR Whiting, SW Rowsey, K Belisly, J AF Dixon, Mark R. Whiting, Seth W. Rowsey, Kyle Belisly, Jordan TI Assessing the relationship between intelligence and the PEAK relational training system SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ABA therapy; Intelligence quotient; Language; Verbal behavior therapy ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDREN; IQ; PREDICTORS AB The Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge (PEAK) Relational Training System is an assessment and curriculum tool developed for basic and advanced skills using behavior analytic approaches. The current study evaluated the relationship between intelligence (as measured by IQ scores) and performance on the PEAK assessment with children with autism or other developmental and intellectual disabilities. Each child was administered the PEAK assessment from the Direct Training Module. Scores from this assessment were compared to IQ scores for all participants to assess the relationship between the two measures. Results indicated a strong, significant correlation between scores on standardized IQ tests and scores on the PEAK assessment (r= .759, p< .01). The results demonstrated strong convergent validity and indicate that the PEAK may be a useful assessment and curriculum guide for training language and learning skills to individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dixon, Mark R.; Whiting, Seth W.; Rowsey, Kyle; Belisly, Jordan] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1208 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.005 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600021 ER PT J AU Tomchek, SD Huebner, RA Dunn, W AF Tomchek, Scott D. Huebner, Ruth A. Dunn, Winnie TI Patterns of sensory processing in children with an autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Sensory processing; Assessment ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; ASPERGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MOTOR IMPAIRMENT; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; ABNORMALITIES; SYMPTOMS AB The literature describing individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) commonly includes descriptions of differences in sensory processing. The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of sensory processing found in 400 children with an ASD. Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 parsimonious factors: low energy/weak, tactile and movement sensitivity, taste/smell sensitivity, auditory and visual sensitivity, sensory seeking/distractibility, and hypo-responsivity. These factors are consistent with other reports about differences in sensory processing. Findings provide insights about practice and future research. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tomchek, Scott D.] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Weisskopf Child Evaluat Ctr, Dept Pediat, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Huebner, Ruth A.] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Richmond, KY USA. [Tomchek, Scott D.; Dunn, Winnie] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Occupat Therapy Educ Program, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Tomchek, SD (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Weisskopf Child Evaluat Ctr, Dept Pediat, 571 South Floyd St,Suite 100, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. 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TI Psychometric properties of the SCARED in youth with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Anxiety; Assessment; Validity; Factor analysis ID CHILDRENS ANXIETY SCALE; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; EMOTIONAL DISORDERS; DSM-IV; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CO-MORBIDITY; SCREEN; VALIDITY; ADOLESCENTS AB Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of developing co-occurring anxiety symptoms. However, the assessment of anxiety symptoms in this population is often challenging for researchers and clinicians. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a questionnaire measure of child anxiety symptoms, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), in school-aged children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD. Children and parents recruited for an anxiety treatment study completed the SCARED parent and child versions prior to the start of treatment. Both versions demonstrated factor structures, internal reliability, and score distributions largely consistent with those from typically developing samples (Birmaher et al., 1999). The SCARED showed moderate convergent validity with a structured clinical interview and had good sensitivity and specificity. Differences were explored by child age, gender, and ethnicity. Together, these findings support the use of the SCARED as a valid assessment tool in an ASD population. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stern, Jessica A.; Blakeley-Smith, Audrey; Reaven, Judy A.; Hepburn, Susan L.] Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Gadgil, Milind S.] Kaiser Permanente Colorado Reg, Hidden Lake Mental Hlth, Arvada, CO 80003 USA. RP Hepburn, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Denver Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 13121 E 17th Pl,Mailstop C-234, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM susan.hepburn@ucdenver.edu CR Achenbach T. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1225 EP 1234 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.008 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600023 ER PT J AU Tung, LC Huang, CY Tseng, MH Yen, HC Tsai, YP Lin, YC Chen, KL AF Tung, Li-Chen Huang, Chien-Yu Tseng, Mei-Hui Yen, Hsui-Chen Tsai, Yu-Pei Lin, Yu-Ching Chen, Kuan-Lin TI Correlates of health-related quality of life and the perception of its importance in caregivers of children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Health-related quality of life; Autism; Parenting stress; Behavior problems ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PARENTING STRESS; RATING-SCALE; DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR; VERSION; MOTHERS; DISABILITY; VALIDITY; AGE AB This study aims to investigate the correlates of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and perceptions of the importance of each HRQOL domain in caregivers of children with autism. Eighty-two caregivers completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life and Parenting Stress Index Short Form to respectively measure the caregivers' HRQOL and parenting stress. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire were used to respectively assess severity of autism and children's behavior problems. Results revealed that severity of autism, behavior problems, and parenting stress individually had low to moderate associations with HRQOL. However, all variables considered together, only parental distress (parent-related stress) significantly contributed to the four HRQOL domains. In addition, the physical domain was the most important HRQOL domain to caregivers, and environmental domain, the least. Knowledge of the correlates of HRQOL and the importance of each HRQOL domain could serve as guides for clinicians to improve the HRQOL of caregivers of children with autism by targeting parental distress and focusing on the HRQOL domains perceived as most important by caregivers. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tung, Li-Chen; Yen, Hsui-Chen; Tsai, Yu-Pei] Chi Mei Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Tainan 710, Taiwan. [Tung, Li-Chen] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Sch Med, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. [Huang, Chien-Yu; Tseng, Mei-Hui] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Sch Occupat Therapy, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Lin, Yu-Ching] Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Tainan 704, Taiwan. [Chen, Kuan-Lin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Sch Occupat Therapy, Tainan 701, Taiwan. RP Chen, KL (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Sch Occupat Therapy, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1235 EP 1242 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.010 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600024 ER PT J AU Hill, TL Varela, RE Kamps, JL Niditch, LA AF Hill, Trenesha L. Varela, R. Enrique Kamps, Jodi L. Niditch, Laura A. TI Local processing and social skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The role of anxiety and cognitive functioning SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Local processing; Anxiety; Social skills; Cognitive functioning ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; INDIVIDUALS; ATTENTION; FACES; ASSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE; PRECEDENCE; INVERSION AB The present study examined the relations between anxiety, cognitive functioning, local processing, and social skills in a group of 102 children diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. The results indicated that children diagnosed with Asperger's Disorder had significantly higher cognitive functioning and enhanced local processing (i.e., Block Design scores) compared to those diagnosed with Autistic Disorder or PDD-NOS. Regression analyses results showed that anxiety and cognitive functioning moderated the association between local processing and social skills. For children with low cognitive functioning and high anxiety, greater local processing was associated with poorer social skills than those with high cognitive functioning, high anxiety, and greater local processing. For children with high cognitive functioning and high anxiety, enhanced local processing was associated with better social skills than those with high cognitive functioning and reduced local processing. Implications of these findings are discussed. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, Trenesha L.; Varela, R. Enrique; Niditch, Laura A.] Tulane Univ, Dept Psychol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Kamps, Jodi L.] Childrens Hosp, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Varela, RE (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Psychol, 2007 Percival Stern Hall,6400 Freret St, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1243 EP 1251 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.005 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AN6GS UT WOS:000340693600025 ER PT J AU Rosqvist, HB AF Rosqvist, Hanna Bertilsdotter TI Becoming an 'Autistic Couple': Narratives of Sexuality and Couplehood Within the Swedish Autistic Self-advocacy Movement SO SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY LA English DT Article DE Couple; Autism; Autistic sexuality; Neurotypical sexuality; Self-advocacy; Sweden ID PARENTAL PERSPECTIVE; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE; DISORDER AB Research on sexuality and autism is dominated by a sexually deficit view of autism. According to this view, people with autism are considered different from neurotypicals and in need of sexual education that is specially adapted to the social impairments of people with autism. Perspectives on sexuality, couplehood, and autism are gradually changing, and this is partly because of alternative views on autism expressed and advocated within autistic self-advocacy movements. The present paper explores discourses within the Swedish autistic self-advocacy movement of an 'autistic' sexuality and couplehood (sexuality and couplehood on people with autism's own terms). The analysis is based on articles in a Swedish magazine, Empowerment, published between 2002 and 2009 that was produced by and aimed at adults with autism. C1 Umea Univ, Dept Social Work, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Rosqvist, HB (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Social Work, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. 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Sandra Nichols, Shana TI Sexual Satisfaction of High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO SEXUALITY AND DISABILITY LA English DT Article DE Sexual satisfaction; Autism spectrum disorder; Sexuality; Asperger syndrome; Canada; United States ID INTERPERSONAL EXCHANGE MODEL; RESPONSE RATES; HELP-SEEKING; QUOTIENT AQ; ADOLESCENTS; SAMPLE; MEN; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; INDIVIDUALS AB This study examined the validity of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction (IEMSS) as a framework for understanding the sexual satisfaction of 205 adults (77 men and 128 women) with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) who were in a romantic relationship of at least 3 months duration. Participants completed an online survey that included a background questionnaire, the IEMSS Questionnaire, and a measure of autism symptoms. The results provide support for the validity of the IEMSS in that all the IEMSS components (relationship satisfaction, balance of sexual rewards and costs, balance of relative sexual rewards and costs, equality of rewards, equality of costs) were significantly associated with sexual satisfaction. Relationship satisfaction and the balance of rewards and costs added over and above the other components. The model was not moderated by gender, relationship duration or extent of autism symptoms. However, participants with more autism symptoms related to social functioning reported lower sexual satisfaction as well as lower scores on all of the IEMSS components. There were few gender differences. These results are discussed in terms of the impact of HF-ASD on adults' experiences of their sexual satisfaction with their partner. C1 [Byers, E. Sandra] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Psychol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Nichols, Shana] ASPIRE Ctr Learning & Dev, Melville, NY USA. 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M., 2004, J PSYCHOL HUMAN SEXU, V16, P17, DOI DOI 10.1300/J056V16N04_ Woodbury-Smith MR, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P331, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3300-7 Yucel D, 2010, SOC SCI RES, V39, P725, DOI 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.09.002 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0146-1044 EI 1573-6717 J9 SEX DISABIL JI Sex. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 32 IS 3 BP 365 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s11195-014-9351-y PG 18 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AN4PN UT WOS:000340570200010 ER PT J AU Daley, TC Weisner, T Singhal, N AF Daley, Tamara C. Weisner, Thomas Singhal, Nidhi TI Adults with autism in India: A mixed-method approach to make meaning of daily routines SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE India; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Disability; Daily routine; Ecocultural ID PARENTING STRESS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; URBAN INDIA; CHILDREN; PERSPECTIVES; DISABILITY; FAMILIES; LIFE AB Although individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been diagnosed in India for over fifty years, virtually nothing is known about the social circumstances of adults, their daily lives, and their families. Where are adults with autism? How do they spend their time? Who are they with, and what are they doing all day? A mixed-method approach was used to obtain information on daily routines of 54 adults with ASD living in New Delhi, India, and about parent levels of stress associated with these routines during a study collected from January through June, 2013. Whether or not they attended a structured setting during the day (59% did so), adults engaged in some 20 activities both inside and outside their home. Contrary to our expectations, most adults were not "hidden" and were out in public at least on occasion. Higher functioning adults were more likely to attend a structured setting, but parents described challenging behaviors, both adult and parent preference, and lack of options as reasons that adults stayed home. The amount of time adults spent outside their home was not associated with parent reported stress, but stress was significantly higher for mothers who were employed. Most families described adaptation to caring for their adult children. A partnership with an Indian nongovernmental organization provided mechanisms to amplify our research findings, making them meaningful to our participants and others. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Daley, Tamara C.] Westat Corp, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Weisner, Thomas] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Culture & Hlth, NPI Semel Inst Neurosci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Singhal, Nidhi] Act Autism, New Delhi 110025, India. RP Daley, TC (reprint author), Westat Corp, 1009 Slater Rd, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM TamaraDaley@westat.com FU Foundation for Psychocultural Research [59892]; Robert Lemelson, President (FPR) - Culture, Brain, Development and Mental Health (CBDMH); Action For Autism, New Delhi; FPR FX This project is funded through a grant from the Foundation for Psychocultural Research (Grant #59892), Robert Lemelson, President (FPR) - Culture, Brain, Development and Mental Health (CBDMH) (Tom Weisner, PI; Tamara Daley, Co-PI) and in partnership with Action For Autism, New Delhi (Nidhi Singhal and Merry Barua). FPR-UCLA CBDMH is one of the interdisciplinary programs initiated and funded by the FPR. The RAFIN Adult study was managed by Deepali Taneja, with key assistance from Sachita Suryanarayan. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 116 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.052 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AN6HN UT WOS:000340695700017 PM 24998867 ER PT J AU Delgado, MS Camprubi, C Tumer, Z Martinez, F Mila, M Monk, D AF Delgado, Marta Sanchez Camprubi, Cristina Tuemer, Zeynep Martinez, Francisco Mila, Montserrat Monk, David TI Screening Individuals with Intellectual Disability, Autism and Tourette's Syndrome for KCNK9 Mutations and Aberrant DNA Methylation within the 8q24 Imprinted Cluster SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Imprinting; methylation; KCNK9; autism spectrum disorder; intellectual disability ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; GENE; EXPRESSION; TRAPPC9; UBE3A; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; DEFICIENCY; TRANSCRIPT; DISORDERS AB The phenotype overlap between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) & intellectual disabilities (ID) is mirrored at the genetic level, with common genes being reported mutated in variety of developmental disabilities. However despite widespread genetic screening for mutations, in approximately 40-60% of childhood developmental disorders the genetic cause remains unknown. Several genome-wide linkage screens in ASD have identified a locus mapping to distal 8q. We have recently identified a novel brain-specific imprinted cluster at this location, which contains the reciprocally expressed maternal KCNK9 and paternally expressed non-coding PEG13 transcripts, the latter located within an intron of TRAPPC9. Interestingly, mutations of KCNK9 and TRAPPC9 have been reported in Birk-Barel mental retardation and non-syndromic familial forms of ID, respectively. Here, we report a genetic screen for KCNK9 coding mutations and potential epigenetic aberrations that could result in deregulated imprinting in a cohort of 120 ID, 86 ASD and 86 Tourette syndrome patients. Fifteen of the ID patients had clinical characteristics overlapping with Birk-Barel syndrome. Sequencing of the two coding exons of KCNK9 failed to identify pathologic mutations, with only one variant, rs2615374, being present with allele frequencies similar to those described in dbSNP database. DNA methylation profiling of the KCNK9 and TRAPPC9 promoters, the maternally methylated PEG13 DMR and a long-range enhancer region were normal in all patients. Our findings suggest that mutations of KCNK9 or epigenetic disturbances within the PEG13 imprinted cluster do not significantly contribute to the cause of the developmental disabilities tested in this study. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Delgado, Marta Sanchez; Camprubi, Cristina; Monk, David] Bellvitge Inst Biomed Res IDIBELL, Imprinting & Canc Grp, Canc Epigenet & Biol Program PEBC, Barcelona 08907, Spain. [Tuemer, Zeynep] Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Kennedy Ctr, Appl Human Mol Genet, Glostrup, Denmark. [Martinez, Francisco] Hosp Univ La Fe, Unitat Genet, Valencia, Spain. [Mila, Montserrat] CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain. RP Monk, D (reprint author), Unidad Genet Med Sistemas Genom SL, Valencia 46980, Spain. EM dmonk@idibell.cat RI Martinez, Francisco/A-2543-2009 OI Martinez, Francisco/0000-0002-0589-2584 FU Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [BFU2011-27658]; Fundacio La Marato de TV3 [101130]; Lundbeck Foundation [R24-A2419] FX Grant sponsor: Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (grant number BFU2011-27658 to DM) and the Fundacio La Marato de TV3 (101130 to DM) and Lundbeck Foundation (R24-A2419 to ZT). 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J. Med. Genet. B PD SEP PY 2014 VL 165 IS 6 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.32250 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry GA AN3OF UT WOS:000340497100003 ER PT J AU Rowe, G Nevin, H AF Rowe, Gareth Nevin, Helen TI Bringing 'patient voice' into psychological formulations of in-patients with intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder and severe challenging behaviours: report of a service improvement pilot SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; challenging behaviour; communication; learning (intellectual) disabilities; nursing; profound and complex learning disabilities ID MENTAL-HEALTH; INDIVIDUALS; PEOPLE; CHOICE; QUESTION; CHILDREN; QUALITY; ADULTS; LIFE; CARE AB This is a report of a service improvement pilot project undertaken at an inpatient autism service for adults with intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviours. Within the service, a key facet of the care pathway was the use of a biopsychosocial case formulation. Formulation meetings were led by psychology and involved a full multidisciplinary team and external representation. However, routine invitation of patients was not appropriate due to anxiety and complex communication difficulties. Therefore, the service was looking for alternative ways to incorporate the voices of patients into formulation. This report presents the case studies of four individual patients who were chosen because together they were indicative of the patient profile across the service. The study has demonstrated that it is possible to include patients' voices in their psychological formulation. For those with mild intellectual disabilities and mild autism spectrum disorder, this has been simple and extremely fruitful. For those with severe intellectual disability and severe autism spectrum disorder this has been more resource intensive and the results have been more tentative. Despite this, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to include the voices of all patients to some extent. C1 [Rowe, Gareth; Nevin, Helen] Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Fdn Trust, Northgate Hosp, Morpeth NE61 3BP, England. RP Rowe, G (reprint author), Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Fdn Trust, Northgate Hosp, Morpeth NE61 3BP, England. EM helen.nevin@ntw.nhs.uk CR Agnew SE, 2006, LEGAL CRIMINOL PSYCH, V11, P35, DOI 10.1348/135532505X68494 Bogdashina O, 2003, SENSORY PERCEPTUAL I British Psychological Society, 2007, NEW WAYS WORK APPL P Caldwell P., 2007, ISOLATION INTIMACY M Caldwell P., 1998, PERSON PERSON ESTABL CAMERON L, 2002, BRIT J LEARN DISABIL, V30, P105, DOI DOI 10.1046/J.1468-3156.2002.00165.X Care Quality Commission, 2011, REV COMPL CASTL CAR Carr E. 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J. Learn. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1111/bld.12026 PG 8 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AN4BW UT WOS:000340533600002 ER PT J AU Horan, W Pineda, J Wynn, J Iacoboni, M Green, M AF Horan, William P. Pineda, Jaime A. Wynn, Jonathan K. Iacoboni, Marco Green, Michael F. TI Some markers of mirroring appear intact in schizophrenia: evidence from mu suppression SO COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mu suppression; Schizophrenia; Mirror neuron system; Empathy ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC RATING-SCALE; BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; SOCIAL COGNITION; NEURON DYSFUNCTION; EMPATHIC ACCURACY; IMITATION; NEUROSCIENCE; MECHANISMS; PSYCHOSIS AB Although schizophrenia is associated with impairments in social cognition, the scope and neural correlates of these disturbances are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether schizophrenia patients show impaired functioning of the mirror neuron system (MNS), as indexed by electroencephalographic (EEG) mu (8-13 Hz) suppression, a hypothesized biomarker of MNS activity that is sensitive to the degree of social interaction depicted in visual stimuli. A total of 32 outpatients and 26 healthy controls completed an EEG paradigm that included six action observation or execution conditions that differed in their degrees of social interaction. Participants also completed a validated empathy questionnaire. Across both groups, we found a significant linear increase in mu suppression across the conditions involving greater levels of social engagement and interaction, but no significant group or interaction effects. Patients self-reported diminished empathic concern and perspective taking, which showed some moderate relations to mu suppression levels. Thus, the schizophrenia group showed generally intact modulation of MNS functioning at the electrophysiological level, despite self-reporting empathic disturbances. The disturbances commonly seen on self-report, performance, and neuroimaging measures of mentalizing in schizophrenia may largely reflect difficulties with higher-level inferential processes about others' emotions, rather than a basic incapacity to share in these experiences. C1 [Horan, William P.; Wynn, Jonathan K.; Green, Michael F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, VA Greater Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. [Pineda, Jaime A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Iacoboni, Marco] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Horan, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, VA Greater Angeles Healthcare Syst, MIRECC 210A,Bldg 210,11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM horan@ucla.edu FU Abbott Laboratories; Amgen; Cypress; Lundbeck; Teva; Otsuka; Sunovion; VA Career Development Award; NIMH [MH065707, MH43292] FX M.F.G. reports having received consulting fees from Abbott Laboratories, Amgen, Cypress, Lundbeck, and Teva. He has received speaking fees from Otsuka and Sunovion. The rest of the authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Support for this study came from a VA Career Development Award (to W. P. H.) and from NIMH Grant Nos. MH065707 and MH43292 (M. F. G.). The authors thank Amanda Bender, Michelle Dolinsky, Crystal Gibson, Cory Tripp, and Katherine Weiner for assistance in the data collection. 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Affect. Behav. Neurosci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1060 DI 10.3758/s13415-013-0245-8 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3FT UT WOS:000340471500013 PM 24415272 ER PT J AU Radell, M Mercado, E AF Radell, Milen L. Mercado, Eduardo, III TI Modeling possible effects of atypical cerebellar processing on eyeblink conditioning in autism SO COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Classical conditioning; Cerebellum; Computational model; Autistic; Interneuron; Timing ID PARALLEL FIBER SYNAPSES; PURKINJE-CELL ACTIVITY; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION; ASCENDING AXON; NETWORK MODEL AB Autism is unique among other disorders in that acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses is enhanced in children, occurring in a fraction of the trials required for control participants. The timing of learned responses is, however, atypical. Two animal models of autism display a similar phenotype. Researchers have hypothesized that these differences in conditioning reflect cerebellar abnormalities. The present study used computer simulations of the cerebellar cortex, including inhibition by the molecular layer interneurons, to more closely examine whether atypical cerebellar processing can account for faster conditioning in individuals with autism. In particular, the effects of inhibitory levels on delay eyeblink conditioning were simulated, as were the effects of learning-related synaptic changes at either parallel fibers or ascending branch synapses from granule cells to Purkinje cells. Results from these simulations predict that whether molecular layer inhibition results in an enhancement or an impairment of acquisition, or changes in timing, may depend on (1) the sources of inhibition, (2) the levels of inhibition, and (3) the locations of learning-related changes (parallel vs. ascending branch synapses). Overall, the simulations predict that a disruption in the balance or an overall increase of inhibition within the cerebellar cortex may contribute to atypical eyeblink conditioning in children with autism and in animal models of autism. C1 [Radell, Milen L.; Mercado, Eduardo, III] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Radell, M (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Pk Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mlradell@buffalo.edu FU NSF [SMA-1041755] FX This work was supported in part by a grant to E. Mercado, from NSF grant #SMA-1041755 to the Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center, an NSF Science of Learning Center. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 231 EP 233 DI 10.1017/S2045796014000286 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AN2FR UT WOS:000340400000005 PM 24786563 ER PT J AU Calderoni, S Bellani, M Hardan, AY Muratori, F Brambilla, P AF Calderoni, S. Bellani, M. Hardan, A. Y. Muratori, F. Brambilla, P. TI Basal ganglia and restricted and repetitive behaviours in Autism Spectrum Disorders: current status and future perspectives SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); basal ganglia; structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI); volumes ID CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; BRAIN ANATOMY; VOLUME; PERFORMANCE; STRIATUM; FOCUS AB This editorial offers a concise overview of the recent structural magnetic resonance imaging studies that evaluate the basal ganglia (BG) volumes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 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C. was partly supported by the Italian Ministry of Health and by Tuscany Region with the grant 'GR-2010-2317873'. F. M. and S. C. were partly supported by the European Union (The MICHELANGELO Project). The other authors received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors for this publication. 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Lin, C. Enjey Fujii, Cori Renno, Patricia Piacentini, John Laugeson, Elizabeth Wood, Jeffrey J. TI An Open Trial of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; anxiety; comorbid conditions; evidence-based practices ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENTS; INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; DSM-IV; CHILDHOOD ANXIETY; PARENT VERSION; CHILDREN AB The frequent co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in youth has spurred study of intervention practices for this population. As anxiety disorders in the absence of ASD are effectively treated using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) protocols, an initial step in evaluating treatments for comorbid youth has necessarily centered on adaptation of CBT. One primary limitation of this research, to date, is that interventions for adolescents with anxiety disorders and ASD have not been systematically tested. In this study, 20 adolescents (90% male) with ASD and a comorbid anxiety disorder, between ages 11 and 14 years (M = 12.2 years, SD = 1.11 years), participated in an open trial of modified CBT targeting anxiety with ASD. Findings demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety severity, as assessed by clinician and parent ratings, from baseline to post-treatment. In addition, reductions in parent-rated externalizing symptoms were observed. Gains were maintained at a 1-month follow-up. C1 Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Ehrenreich-May, Jill; Queen, Alexander H.; Ghilain, Christine S.; Alessandri, Michael] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Storch, Eric A.; Lewin, Adam B.; Arnold, Elysse B.; Murphy, Tanya K.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Rodriguez, Juventino Hernandez; Lin, C. Enjey; Fujii, Cori; Renno, Patricia; Piacentini, John; Laugeson, Elizabeth; Wood, Jeffrey J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ehrenreich-May, J (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd,Room 315, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM j.ehrenreich@miami.edu CR Achenbach T. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1177/1088357614533381 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AN4HA UT WOS:000340547100002 ER PT J AU Bouck, EC Savage, M Meyer, NK Taber-Doughty, T Hunley, M AF Bouck, Emily C. Savage, Melissa Meyer, Nancy K. Taber-Doughty, Teresa Hunley, Megan TI High-Tech or Low-Tech? Comparing Self-Monitoring Systems to Increase Task Independence for Students With Autism SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE high school; age; functional skills; independence; autism spectrum disorders; daily living; skills; intellectual disability ID GENERAL-EDUCATION CLASSROOM; HIGH-SCHOOL; DISABILITIES; PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; ADULTS; SKILLS AB Independence is the ultimate goal for students with disabilities, including secondary students with autism. One avenue targeted for increasing independence and decreasing prompt-dependency is through self-monitoring. In this study, investigators sought to determine whether a difference exists in levels of task independence when three students with autism complete food preparation tasks while self-monitoring using a low-tech treatment (paper/pencil) and high-tech treatment (iPad). Although both interventions decreased the need for prompting thereby increasing independence, students needed less assistance when using the iPad. Students also maintained their levels of independence in food preparation following summer vacation. Social validity interviews indicated students preferred self-monitoring with the iPad over the paper/pencil. C1 [Bouck, Emily C.; Savage, Melissa; Meyer, Nancy K.; Taber-Doughty, Teresa; Hunley, Megan] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bouck, EC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 100 N Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bouck@purdue.edu CR Agran M, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P3 Bouck EC, 2012, EDUC TRAIN AUTISM DE, V47, P462 Bruhn A, 2012, BEHAV DISORDERS, V38, P3 Cihak DF, 2010, EDUC TRAIN AUTISM DE, V45, P136 Dawson G, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P415, DOI 10.1023/A:1005547422749 Ganz JB, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P24 Garner N., 2003, INT J INCLUSIVE EDUC, V7, P415, DOI 10.1080/1360311032000110963 Gast D., 2010, SINGLE SUBJECT RES M, P199 Gast D. L., 2010, SINGLE SUBJECT RES M, P329 Gast D. 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L., 1996, SELF DETERMINATION L, P15 Wehmeyer ML, 2003, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V38, P131 White O. R., 1980, EXCEPTIONAL TEACHING NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 EI 1538-4829 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 156 EP 167 DI 10.1177/1088357614528797 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AN4HA UT WOS:000340547100003 ER PT J AU Rieth, SR Stahmer, AC Suhrheinrich, J Schreibman, L Kennedy, J Ross, B AF Rieth, Sarah R. Stahmer, Aubyn C. Suhrheinrich, Jessica Schreibman, Laura Kennedy, Joanna Ross, Benjamin TI Identifying Critical Elements of Treatment: Examining the Use of Turn Taking in Autism Intervention SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE evidence-based intervention; naturalistic behavioral intervention; turn taking; critical elements AB Evidence-based treatments for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are comprised of components that identify therapist behavior necessary to implement the treatment with integrity. Some components are shared across approaches from diverse theoretical backgrounds. One component included in several interventions that has not been researched in isolation is turn taking, or the manner in which the therapist facilitates back-and-forth interaction with the child. The current study used an alternating treatments design to examine the efficacy of four types of turn taking. Six children, ages 30 to 39 months, received behavioral treatment while therapists systematically varied the nature of the turn taking component. Children's responses were behaviorally scored to examine differences based on turn condition. Consistent patterns of behavior were found across children. Results suggest that the optimal type of turn is dependent on developmental level and target skill. Implications for treatment of ASD and future research directions are discussed. C1 [Rieth, Sarah R.; Stahmer, Aubyn C.; Suhrheinrich, Jessica] Rady Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Rieth, Sarah R.; Stahmer, Aubyn C.; Suhrheinrich, Jessica; Schreibman, Laura; Kennedy, Joanna; Ross, Benjamin] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Rieth, SR (reprint author), Rady Childrens Hosp, 3020 Childrens Way,MC 5033, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM sreed@casrc.org CR ALPERT CL, 1992, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V16, P31 BARLOW DH, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P199, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-199 Cooper J. O., 2007, APPL BEHAV ANAL Dvortcsak A., 2010, TEACHING SOCIAL COMM Greenspan S. I., 2006, INFANT EARLY CHILDHO Harmon R. J., 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V39, P1327 Harrist AW, 2002, DEV REV, V22, P555, DOI 10.1016/S0273-2297(02)00500-2 Hayes S. C., 1999, SCI PRACTITIONER RES Ingersoll B, 2011, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V13, P109, DOI 10.1177/1098300710384507 Ingersoll BR, 2010, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V12, P33, DOI 10.1177/1098300709334797 Koegel R. L., 1989, TEACH PIVOTAL BEHAV Kratochwill T. 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Shanun TI Promoting Behavioral Variability in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; repetitive; response diversity; response variation; variability ID RESPONSE VARIABILITY; CHILDREN; OPERANT; REINFORCEMENT; EXTINCTION; SCHEDULES; STUDENTS AB Repetitive behavior is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and can have adverse consequences related to social stigma and low rates of skill acquisition. Basic research suggests that variability, or the extent to which one response differs from previous responses, is amenable to antecedent and consequence manipulations. This article describes the concept of variability, synthesizes the findings of 14 recent studies on interventions to increase the variability of behavior in individuals with ASD, and proposes preliminary guidelines for practitioners that focus on building response repertoires, implementing contingencies to produce and maintain variability, and incorporating prompts to vary responding. C1 [Wolfe, Katie] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Slocum, Timothy A.; Kunnavatana, S. Shanun] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wolfe, K (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Educ Studies, 820 Main St,235-B Wardlaw, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. 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P., 2011, THESIS UTAH STATE U STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 Susa Carrie, 2012, Anal Verbal Behav, V28, P125 TATHAM TA, 1993, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V59, P349, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1993.59-349 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 EI 1538-4829 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1177/1088357614525661 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AN4HA UT WOS:000340547100005 ER PT J AU Song, C Zhang, HP AF Song, Chi Zhang, Heping TI TARV: Tree-based Analysis of Rare Variants Identifying Risk Modifying Variants in CTNNA2 and CNTNAP2 for Alcohol Addiction SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mutation; classification tree; association analysis; alcoholism ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; FUNCTIONAL LINEAR-MODELS; CLASSIFICATION TREES; COMMON DISEASES; AUTISM; DISORDERS; LINKAGE; TRAITS; GENES AB Since the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, researchers have been extending their efforts on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from common variants to rare variants to find the missing inheritance. Although various statistical methods have been proposed to analyze rare variants data, they generally face difficulties for complex disease models involving multiple genes. In this paper, we propose a tree-based analysis of rare variants (TARV) that adopts a nonparametric disease model and is capable of exploring gene-gene interactions. We found that TARV outperforms the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) in most of our simulation scenarios, and by notable margins in some cases. By applying TARV to the study of addiction: genetics and environment (SAGE) data, we successfully detected gene CTNNA2 and its 43 specific variants that increase the risk of alcoholism in women, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.94. This gene has not been detected in the SAGE data. Post hoc literature search also supports the role of CTNNA2 as a likely risk gene for alcohol addiction. In addition, we also detected a plausible protective gene CNTNAP2, whose 97 rare variants can reduce the risk of alcoholism in women, with an OR of 0.55. These findings suggest that TARV can be effective in dissecting genetic variants for complex diseases using rare variants data. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Song, Chi; Zhang, Heping] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Zhang, HP (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 300 George St,Suite 523, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM heping.zhang@yale.edu FU National Institute on Drug Abuse [R01 DA016750] FX This research is supported in part by grants R01 DA016750 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The dataset used for the analyses described in this manuscript was obtained from dbGaP at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs0 00092.v1.p1 through dbGaP accession number phs000092.v1.p. 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Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 38 IS 6 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1002/gepi.21843 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AN4KP UT WOS:000340556900008 PM 25041903 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, EM Lambert, L Whittingham, J Leblanc, E AF Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth M. Lambert, Linda Whittingham, JoAnne Leblanc, Emma TI Examination of characteristics and management of children with hearing loss and autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hearing loss; autism spectrum disorder; hearing aids; cochlear implants ID COCHLEAR IMPLANTS; IMPAIRMENT; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; DEAFNESS; DISABILITIES; TODDLERS; OUTCOMES; REGIONS; CANADA AB Objective: Up to 40% of children with hearing loss present with other developmental disabilities. The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children with permanent hearing loss, to describe the audiologic characteristics, and to examine clinical management. Design: Prospective data related to clinical characteristics of children identified with hearing loss and ASD were examined. A retrospective chart review was also conducted to explore clinical management and uptake of amplification. Study sample: The study included all children in one Canadian region identified with permanent hearing loss and followed from 2002-2010. Results: Of a total of 785 children with permanent hearing loss, 2.2% (n = 17) also received a diagnosis of ASD. The 13 boys and 4 girls presented with a range of audiologic profiles from unilateral to profound bilateral hearing loss. Four of five children with unilateral hearing loss experienced progression to bilateral loss. Amplification was recommended for all but one child and 9 of 16 children continued to use their hearing devices. Conclusions: The higher prevalence rate of ASD in this clinical population is consistent with previous reports. Our findings suggest that some children with autism can derive benefits from the use of amplification. C1 [Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth M.] Univ Ottawa, Fac Hlth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. [Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth M.; Whittingham, JoAnne] Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Res Inst, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. [Lambert, Linda] Ctr Sante & Serv Sociaux Alphonse Desjardins, Levis, PQ, Canada. [Leblanc, Emma] Northwestern Univ, Dept Audiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, EM (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Fac Hlth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. EM elizabeth.fitzpatrick@uottawa.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health New Investigator Award; Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program Award FX This research was funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health New Investigator Award and a Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program Award to the first author. We are grateful to the clinicians at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario for their contributions of clinical data and for their collaboration throughout this study. We thank Viviane Grandpierre for assistance with updating the literature. 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J. Audiol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 53 IS 9 BP 577 EP 586 DI 10.3109/14992027.2014.903338 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology GA AN3AM UT WOS:000340457200001 PM 24832530 ER PT J AU Fredo, ARJ Kavitha, G Ramakrishnan, S AF Fredo, A. R. Jac Kavitha, G. Ramakrishnan, S. TI Segmentation and Analysis of Brain Subcortical Regions Using Regularized Multiphase Level Set in Autistic MRImages SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; subcortical regions; multiphase level set; fuzzy c-means cluster; intelligent quotient values ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; ACTIVE CONTOURS; CHILDREN; MRI; VOLUMES; MODEL AB In this work, subcortical regions of autistic magnetic resonance brain images are analyzed using multiphase level set method. The images considered in this work are obtained from autism brain image data exchange database. The subcortical regions such as corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brain stem are segmented from the cortical region using Fuzzy c-means (FCM)-based multiphase level set method. FCM with three cluster center is used as the intensity discriminator and the evolution of the level set curve is regularized by a distance function. The results show that the multiphase level set method is able to segment the desired subcortical regions. The results are validated with the ground truth images. The average similarity values are found to be 0.85. The segmented subcortical regions of autistic have reduced tissue area and are distinct from the controls (p<0.0001). Further, it is observed that the subcortical area gives comparable results with clinical intelligent quotient values and is able to discriminate the controls and autistic subjects. As the feature area extracted from brain subcortical regions are significant, this study seems to be clinically helpful in mass screening of autistic subjects. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Fredo, A. R. Jac; Kavitha, G.] Anna Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. [Ramakrishnan, S.] Indian Inst Technol Madras, Dept Appl Mech, Biomed Engn Grp, Noninvas Imaging & Diagnost Lab, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Fredo, ARJ (reprint author), Anna Univ, Dept Elect Engn, MIT Campus, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. EM jack247029@gmail.com FU University Grant Commission under the scheme Maulana Azad National Fellowship for Minority students [F1-17.1/2011/MANF-CHRTAM-1826] FX Grant sponsors: The first author Jac Fredo A. R. is receiving fellowship from University Grant Commission under the scheme Maulana Azad National Fellowship for Minority students (F1-17.1/2011/MANF-CHRTAM-1826) for his research work. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1002/ima.22101 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AN3NI UT WOS:000340494700007 ER PT J AU Goddard, L Dritschel, B Howlin, P AF Goddard, Lorna Dritschel, Barbara Howlin, Patricia TI A Preliminary Study of Gender Differences in Autobiographical Memory in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autobiographical memory; Gender; Autism spectrum disorder ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EPISODIC MEMORY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ADULTS; SELF; DEPRESSION; RETRIEVAL; CONSTRUCTION; INDIVIDUALS AB Autobiographical memory was assessed in 24 children (12 male, 12 female, aged between 8 and 16 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a comparison group of 24 typically developing (TD) children matched for age, IQ, gender and receptive language. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2087 EP 2095 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2109-7 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400001 PM 24777286 ER PT J AU Camargo, SPH Rispoli, M Ganz, J Hong, ER Davis, H Mason, R AF Hoeher Camargo, Siglia Pimentel Rispoli, Mandy Ganz, Jennifer Hong, Ee Rea Davis, Heather Mason, Rose TI A Review of the Quality of Behaviorally-Based Intervention Research to Improve Social Interaction Skills of Children with ASD in Inclusive Settings SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Social skills; Behavioral interventions; Inclusive education; Single-case research; Quality analysis ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; SCRIPT-FADING PROCEDURE; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SCHOOL SETTINGS; COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; STUDENTS AB Students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often have difficulties in social interaction skills, which may prevent their successful inclusion in general education placements. Behaviorally-based social skills interventions have been shown to be effective in attenuating such difficulties in these environments. In light of the increasing number of children with ASD being educated in inclusive settings and requirements for the use of research-based interventions in schools, this paper (1) analyzes the quality of single-case research using behaviorally-based interventions to improve social interaction skills of children with ASD in inclusive settings and (2) evaluates whether such interventions can be considered an evidence-based practice. Characteristics and components of the interventions are summarized, and their implications for practice and future research are discussed. C1 [Hoeher Camargo, Siglia Pimentel; Rispoli, Mandy; Ganz, Jennifer; Hong, Ee Rea; Davis, Heather; Mason, Rose] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Camargo, SPH (reprint author), Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Educ, Rua Alberto Rosa 154, BR-96010770 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. 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McDermott, Katie Epstien, Cecily Walker, Rosemary Caron, Ashley Feinberg, Leah Biederman, Joseph TI Examining the Clinical Correlates of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Youth by Ascertainment Source SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Psychiatric comorbidity; Youth ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; REFERRED POPULATION; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; ANXIETY SYMPTOMS; YOUNG-ADULTS AB To examine whether presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated patterns of psychiatric comorbidity and dysfunction vary by referral source. ASD youth referred to a specialized ambulatory program for ASD (N = 143) were compared to ASD youth referred to a general child psychiatry clinic (N = 217). More ASD clinic youth met criteria for a more robust form of ASD (autistic disorder); more youth referred to the psychiatry clinic met criteria for broader spectrum ASD (pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified). General psychiatry clinic youth with ASD suffered from a greater burden of psychopathologies and higher levels of dysfunction. The presentation of ASD in psychiatrically referred youth differs between general and ASD-specialized clinics, though both referral populations have high levels of comorbidity and dysfunction. C1 [Joshi, Gagan; Wozniak, Janet; Petty, Carter; Fried, Ronna; Galdo, Maribel; Furtak, Stephannie L.; McDermott, Katie; Epstien, Cecily; Walker, Rosemary; Caron, Ashley; Feinberg, Leah; Biederman, Joseph] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Clin & Res Program Pediat Psychopharmacol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Joshi, Gagan; Wozniak, Janet; Fried, Ronna; Biederman, Joseph] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2117 EP 2126 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2063-4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400003 PM 24566937 ER PT J AU Sun, X Allison, C Auyeung, B Matthews, FE Sharp, SJ Baron-Cohen, S Brayne, C AF Sun, Xiang Allison, Carrie Auyeung, Bonnie Matthews, Fiona E. Sharp, Stephen J. Baron-Cohen, Simon Brayne, Carol TI The Mandarin Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): Sex Differences SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Social behaviours; Communication; Sex differences; China ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; QUOTIENT; PREVALENCE; ADULTS; POPULATION; UK; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AB Sex differences in social and communication behaviours related to autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have been investigated mainly in Western populations. Little research has been done in Chinese populations. This study explored sex differences related to ASC characteristics by examining differences in item responses and score distributions in relation to a screening instrument, the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), used with Chinese children. A Mandarin Chinese version of the CAST (M-CAST) was distributed to 737 children aged 6-11 years in mainstream schools in Beijing. Questionnaires from 682 (93 %) children were available for analysis. The median score for boys was higher than for girls [boys, median = 8 (IQR 6, 11); girls, median = 7 (IQR 4, 9); p < 0.001]. There were differences in the proportions of boys and girls across all three score groups (a parts per thousand currency sign11, 12-14, a parts per thousand yen15) with more boys being found in the higher score groups (p = 0.035). This finding provides evidence that boys and girls have different social and communication development profiles, consistent with previous findings in Western cultures. These results suggest that sex differences related to ASC are consistent across cultures. C1 [Sun, Xiang; Brayne, Carol] Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. [Sun, Xiang; Allison, Carrie; Auyeung, Bonnie; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Sun, Xiang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Jockey Club Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Prince Wales Hosp, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Auyeung, Bonnie] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Matthews, Fiona E.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Biostat Unit, Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. [Sharp, Stephen J.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Epidemiol Unit, Addenbrookes Hosp, Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Forvie Site,Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2147 EP 2161 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2089-7 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400006 ER PT J AU Bottema-Beutel, K Yoder, PJ Hochman, JM Watson, LR AF Bottema-Beutel, Kristen Yoder, Paul J. Hochman, Julia M. Watson, Linda R. TI The Role of Supported Joint Engagement and Parent Utterances in Language and Social Communication Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Parent-child interaction; Social communication; Language ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; 2ND YEAR; ATTENTION; PREDICTORS; PLAY; RESPONSIVENESS; BEHAVIORS; IMITATION; LIFE AB This study examined associations between three parent-child engagement states and social communication, expressive language, and receptive language at 8 month follow-up, in 63 preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder. We extend the literature on supported joint engagement by dividing this state into higher order (HSJE) and lower order types, with HSJE involving greater reciprocity in toy play. We also examined parents' follow-in utterances that co-occurred with each state. We found that only HSJE predicts later social communication and expressive language, while object engagement predicts receptive language. HSJE combined with follow-in utterances (HSJE+FI) predicts all three outcomes when controlling for HSJE+FI in other engagement states. When controlling for total HSJE, HSJE+FI is predictive of receptive language. C1 [Bottema-Beutel, Kristen] Boston Coll, Lynch Sch Educ, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Yoder, Paul J.; Hochman, Julia M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Special Educ, Peabody Coll, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Watson, Linda R.] Univ N Carolina, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2162 EP 2174 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2092-z PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400007 PM 24658867 ER PT J AU Johnson, CR Turner, K Stewart, PA Schmidt, B Shui, A Macklin, E Reynolds, A James, J Johnson, SL Courtney, PM Hyman, SL AF Johnson, Cynthia R. Turner, Kylan Stewart, Patricia A. Schmidt, Brianne Shui, Amy Macklin, Eric Reynolds, Anne James, Jill Johnson, Susan L. Courtney, Patty Manning Hyman, Susan L. TI Relationships Between Feeding Problems, Behavioral Characteristics and Nutritional Quality in Children with ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Feeding problems; Mealtime behaviors; Nutrition ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TYPICALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FOOD SELECTIVITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MEALTIME BEHAVIORS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; SENSORY SENSITIVITY; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; TREATMENT OUTCOMES AB Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have co-occurring feeding problems. However, there is limited knowledge about how these feeding habits are related to other behavioral characteristics ubiqitious in ASD. In a relatively large sample of 256 children with ASD, ages 2-11, we examined the relationships between feeding and mealtime behaviors and social, communication, and cognitive levels as well repetitive and ritualistic behaviors, sensory behaviors, and externalizing and internalizing behaviors. 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TI Sexual Knowledge and Victimization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Sexual knowledge; Sexual victimization; Asperger syndrome; Education ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; EXPERIENCES SURVEY; YOUNG-ADULTS; CONDOM USE; PARENTAL PERSPECTIVE; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; BEHAVIOR AB There is a significant gap in understanding the risk of sexual victimization in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the variables that contribute to risk. Age appropriate sexual interest, limited sexual knowledge and experiences, and social deficits, may place adults with ASD at increased risk. Ninety-five adults with ASD and 117 adults without ASD completed questionnaires regarding sexual knowledge sources, actual knowledge, perceived knowledge, and sexual victimization. Individuals with ASD obtained less of their sexual knowledge from social sources, more sexual knowledge from non-social sources, had less perceived and actual knowledge, and experienced more sexual victimization than controls. The increased risk of victimization by individuals with ASD was partially mediated by their actual knowledge. The link between knowledge and victimization has important clinical implications for interventions. C1 [Brown-Lavoie, S. M.; Viecili, M. A.; Weiss, J. A.] York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Weiss, JA (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Psychol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2185 EP 2196 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2093-y PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400009 PM 24664634 ER PT J AU Koegel, RL Kim, S Koegel, LK AF Koegel, Robert L. Kim, Sunny Koegel, Lynn Kern TI Training Paraprofessionals to Improve Socialization in Students with ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Paraprofessional; Training; Autism; Socialization; School ID INCLUSIVE SETTINGS; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; SCHOOL SETTINGS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; PEERS; PARAEDUCATORS; CLASSROOMS; INTERESTS AB An important line of research relates to whether school personnel, such as paraprofessionals, who are present during unstructured social periods, such as lunch-recess, could successfully implement interventions to improve socialization between students with ASD and their typical peers in a group setting. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2197 EP 2208 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2094-x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400010 PM 24671749 ER PT J AU Hanaie, R Mohri, I Kagitani-Shimono, K Tachibana, M Matsuzaki, J Watanabe, Y Fujita, N Taniike, M AF Hanaie, Ryuzo Mohri, Ikuko Kagitani-Shimono, Kuriko Tachibana, Masaya Matsuzaki, Junko Watanabe, Yoshiyuki Fujita, Norihiko Taniike, Masako TI Abnormal Corpus Callosum Connectivity, Socio-communicative Deficits, and Motor Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Diffusion tensor imaging; Tractography; Corpus callosum; Autism spectrum disorder; Motor function ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LANGUAGE-ASSOCIATION CORTEX; WHITE-MATTER INTEGRITY; DTI TRACTOGRAPHY; BRAIN VOLUME; OPTIC-NERVE; SPINAL-CORD; MRI; PARCELLATION; IMPAIRMENT AB In addition to social and communicative deficits, many studies have reported motor deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigated the macro and microstructural properties of the corpus callosum (CC) of 18 children with ASD and 12 typically developing controls using diffusion tensor imaging tractography. We aimed to explore whether abnormalities of the CC were related to motor deficits, as well as social and communication deficits in children with ASD. The ASD group displayed abnormal macro and microstructure of the total CC and its subdivisions and its structural properties were related to socio-communicative deficits, but not to motor deficits in ASD. These findings advance our understanding of the contributions of the CC to ASD symptoms. C1 [Hanaie, Ryuzo; Mohri, Ikuko; Kagitani-Shimono, Kuriko; Tachibana, Masaya; Taniike, Masako] Osaka Univ, Div Dev Neurosci, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Mohri, Ikuko; Matsuzaki, Junko; Taniike, Masako] Osaka Univ, Mol Res Ctr Childrens Mental Dev, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. 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DOI 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2013.11.027 ZWARTS MJ, 1995, MUSCLE NERVE, V18, P1244, DOI 10.1002/mus.880181105 NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2209 EP 2220 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2096-8 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400011 PM 24710811 ER PT J AU Ben-Itzchak, E Watson, LR Zachor, DA AF Ben-Itzchak, Esther Watson, Linda R. Zachor, Ditza A. TI Cognitive Ability is Associated with Different Outcome Trajectories in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Early intensive behavioral intervention; Autism severity; Adaptive skills; Cognitive ability ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREDICTORS; SCHOOL; SEVERITY AB Variability in clinical expression and in intervention outcome has been described in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study examined progress after 1 and 2 years of intervention and compared the impact of baseline cognitive ability on outcome trajectories in 46 children (m = 25.5 months) with ASD. The entire group showed a gradual decrease in autism severity and increase in verbal cognitive scores. Only the low cognitive scores (DQ < 70) group significantly improved in fine motor and receptive language scores. Significant gains in adaptive skills were found only for the high cognitive scores (DQ a parts per thousand yen70) group after 2 years of intervention. The entire group progressed with intervention, but only children with higher cognitive levels at baseline transferred their acquired socio-communication skills into daily functioning. C1 [Ben-Itzchak, Esther] Ariel Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, IL-40700 Ariel, Israel. [Ben-Itzchak, Esther] Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Autism Ctr, IL-70300 Zerifin, Israel. [Watson, Linda R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zachor, Ditza A.] Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Autism Ctr, IL-70300 Zerifin, Israel. [Zachor, Ditza A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Zachor, DA (reprint author), Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Autism Ctr, IL-70300 Zerifin, Israel. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2221 EP 2229 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2091-0 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400012 PM 24710810 ER PT J AU Chabani, E Hommel, B AF Chabani, Ellahe Hommel, Bernhard TI Visuospatial Processing in Children with Autism: No Evidence for (Training-Resistant) Abnormalities SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Visual spatial; Visualization; School based intervention; Response to intervention; Computer based instruction ID COMPUTER-ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EARLY BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; SUPERIOR VISUAL-SEARCH; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ENHANCED DISCRIMINATION; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; LITERACY SKILLS; FORM SIMILARITY AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been assumed to show evidence of abnormal visuospatial processing, which has been attributed to a failure to integrate local features into coherent global Gestalts and/or to a bias towards local processing. As the available data are based on baseline performance only, which does not provide insight into cognitive/neural plasticity and actual cognitive potential, we investigated how training-resistant possible visuospatial processing differences between children with and without ASD are. In particular, we studied the effect of computerized versus face-to-face visuospatial training in a group of normally intelligent children with ASD and typically developing children as control. Findings show that (a) children with and without ASD do not differ much in visuospatial processing (as assessed by a tangram-like task) and the few differences we observed were all eliminated by training; (b) training can improve visuospatial processing (equally) in both children with ASD and normally developing children; and (c) computer-based and face-to-face training was equally effective. C1 [Chabani, Ellahe; Hommel, Bernhard] Leiden Univ, Inst Psychol, Leiden, Netherlands. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2230 EP 2243 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2107-9 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400013 PM 24696376 ER PT J AU Laugeson, EA Ellingsen, R Sanderson, J Tucci, L Bates, S AF Laugeson, Elizabeth A. Ellingsen, Ruth Sanderson, Jennifer Tucci, Lara Bates, Shannon TI The ABC's of Teaching Social Skills to Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Classroom: The UCLA PEERS (R) Program SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Social skills; Autism spectrum disorder; PEERS; Friendship; Adolescents; School ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; INTERVENTION RESEARCH; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; CHILDREN; SCHOOL; STUDENTS; METAANALYSIS; FRIENDSHIPS; 1ST-GRADE AB Social skills training is a common treatment method for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet very few evidence-based interventions exist to improve social skills for high-functioning adolescents on the spectrum, and even fewer studies have examined the effectiveness of teaching social skills in the classroom. This study examines change in social functioning for adolescents with high-functioning ASD following the implementation of a school-based, teacher-facilitated social skills intervention known as Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS (A (R)) ). Seventy-three middle school students with ASD along with their parents and teachers participated in the study. Participants were assigned to the PEERS (A (R)) treatment condition or an alternative social skills curriculum. Instruction was provided daily by classroom teachers and teacher aides for 14-weeks. Results reveal that in comparison to an active treatment control group, participants in the PEERS (A (R)) treatment group significantly improved in social functioning in the areas of teacher-reported social responsiveness, social communication, social motivation, social awareness, and decreased autistic mannerisms, with a trend toward improved social cognition on the Social Responsiveness Scale. Adolescent self-reports indicate significant improvement in social skills knowledge and frequency of hosted and invited get-togethers with friends, and parent-reports suggest a decrease in teen social anxiety on the Social Anxiety Scale at a trend level. This research represents one of the few teacher-facilitated treatment intervention studies demonstrating effectiveness in improving the social skills of adolescents with ASD in the classroom: arguably the most natural social setting of all. C1 [Laugeson, Elizabeth A.; Ellingsen, Ruth; Tucci, Lara; Bates, Shannon] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Laugeson, Elizabeth A.; Tucci, Lara] UCLA Autism Res Alliance, Help Grp, Sherman Oaks, CA 91401 USA. [Ellingsen, Ruth] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sanderson, Jennifer] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Autism & Related Disabil, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2244 EP 2256 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2108-8 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400014 PM 24715256 ER PT J AU Wood, JJ Fujii, C Renno, P Van Dyke, M AF Wood, Jeffrey J. Fujii, Cori Renno, Patricia Van Dyke, Marilyn TI Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Observed Autism Symptom Severity During School Recess: A Preliminary Randomized, Controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Cognitive behavioral therapy; Autism spectrum disorders; School-aged children; School observations ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; TREATING ANXIETY DISORDERS; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL-SKILLS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; SERVICES AB This study compared cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and treatment-as-usual (TAU) in terms of effects on observed social communication-related autism symptom severity during unstructured play time at school for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thirteen children with ASD (7-11 years old) were randomly assigned to 32 sessions of CBT or community-based psychosocial treatment (TAU) for 16 weeks. The CBT program is based on the memory retrieval competition model and emphasizes the development of perspective-taking through guided behavioral experimentation supplemented with reflective Socratic discussion and supported by parent training and school consultation to promote generalization of social communication and emotion regulation skills. Trained observers blind to treatment condition observed each child during recess on two separate days at baseline and again at posttreatment, using a structured behavioral observation system that generates frequency scores for observed social communication-related autism symptoms. CBT outperformed TAU at posttreatment on the frequency of self-isolation, the proportion of time spent with peers, the frequency of positive or appropriate interaction with peers, and the frequency of positive or appropriate peer responses to the target child (d effect size range 1.34-1.62). On average, children in CBT were engaged in positive or appropriate social interaction with peers in 68.6 % of observed intervals at posttreatment, compared to 25 % of intervals for children in TAU. Further investigation of this intervention modality with larger samples and follow-up assessments is warranted. C1 [Wood, Jeffrey J.; Fujii, Cori; Renno, Patricia; Van Dyke, Marilyn] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Educ, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wood, Jeffrey J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wood, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Educ, Moore Hall,Box 951521, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2277 EP 2289 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2098-6 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400017 PM 24658868 ER PT J AU Morgan, L Leatzow, A Clark, S Siller, M AF Morgan, Lindee Leatzow, Allison Clark, Sarah Siller, Michael TI Interview Skills for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Autism; Adults; Randomized controlled trial; Social skills; Intervention ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SOCIAL-SKILLS; YOUNG-ADULTS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; EMPLOYMENT; VINELAND; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS AB The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of the interview skills curriculum (ISC), a manualized 12-week group-delivered intervention for young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 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Brewer, Neil TI Using the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS) to Predict Long Term Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Predictive validity; ADEC; CARS; Long term outcomes ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; VALIDITY; STAT; AGE AB This study evaluated the predictive validity of the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC; Young, Autism detection in early childhood: ADEC. Australian Council of Educational Research, Camberwell, VIC 2007) and a well-established screening tool, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS; Schopler et al. The childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles 1988), for long term outcomes of children with ASD engaged in an early intervention program. Participants were 55 children (44 male, 11 female) aged 19-42 months (M = 33.5, SD = 5.6) at initial assessment who were followed up 2 and 6 years after their initial assessment. The ADEC and the CARS performed similarly when predicting long term outcomes such as clinical diagnostic outcome and overall adaptive functioning level. However, only the ADEC score was significantly correlated with ASD symptom severity at the 6-year follow up. Although these findings need to be replicated with additional and larger samples, this study extends our understanding of the psychometric properties of both the ADEC and the CARS. C1 [Nah, Yong-Hwee; Young, Robyn L.; Brewer, Neil] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Psychol, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Nah, YH (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Psychol, POB 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. 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L., 2009, STRUCTURED PROGRAM E NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2301 EP 2310 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2102-1 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400019 PM 24658894 ER PT J AU Crais, ER McComish, CS Humphreys, BP Watson, LR Baranek, GT Reznick, JS Christian, RB Earls, M AF Crais, Elizabeth R. McComish, Cara S. Humphreys, Betsy P. Watson, Linda R. Baranek, Grace T. Reznick, J. Steven Christian, Rob B. Earls, Marian TI Pediatric Healthcare Professionals' Views on Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening at 12-18 Months SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Screening; Infants; Pediatric healthcare professionals ID FOLLOW-UP; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; EARLY-DIAGNOSIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AGE; IDENTIFICATION; TODDLERS; INTERVENTIONS; SURVEILLANCE; INFANTS AB This study explored North Carolina pediatric healthcare professional's (PHP) perceptions of screening 12-18 month old infants for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Eight focus groups (66 PHPs) were conducted across practice settings. The purpose was to explore PHP's perspectives to: inform development of ASD screening tools and ultimately impact their use in PHP settings. PHPs reported concerns, barriers, and the need for research to support early ASD screening. Additionally, they expressed the need for: (a) clear "red flags" of ASD for 12-18 month olds; (b) socioculturally sensitive and effective screening tools; (c) effective early interventions; (d) systems to handle potential increases in referrals; and (e) continuing education. PHPs also demonstrated preferences about screening tool characteristics and processes for enhancing screening efforts. C1 [Crais, Elizabeth R.; McComish, Cara S.; Watson, Linda R.] Univ N Carolina, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Humphreys, Betsy P.] Univ New Hampshires Inst Disabil, Durham, NH USA. [Baranek, Grace T.] Univ N Carolina, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Reznick, J. Steven] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Christian, Rob B.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Earls, Marian] Triad Adult & Pediat Med, Highpoint, NC USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2311 EP 2328 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2101-2 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400020 PM 24700359 ER PT J AU Kassardjian, A Leaf, JB Ravid, D Leaf, JA Alcalay, A Dale, S Tsuji, K Taubman, M Leaf, R McEachin, J Oppenheim-Leaf, ML AF Kassardjian, Alyne Leaf, Justin B. Ravid, Daniel Leaf, Jeremy A. Alcalay, Aditt Dale, Stephanie Tsuji, Kathleen Taubman, Mitchell Leaf, Ronald McEachin, John Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L. TI Comparing the Teaching Interaction Procedure to Social Stories: A Replication Study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Behavioral skills training; Social skills; Social skills groups; Social stories; Teaching interaction procedure ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AUTISM; CHILDREN; SKILLS; COMMUNICATION; DISORDER; INCREASE; BEHAVIOR AB This study compared the teaching interaction procedure to social stories implemented in a group setting to teach social skills to three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The researchers taught each participant one social skill with the teaching interaction procedure, one social skill with the social story procedure, and one social skill was assigned to a no intervention condition. The teaching interaction procedure consisted of didactic questions, teacher demonstration, and role-play; the social story procedure consisted of reading a book and answering comprehension questions. The researchers measured participants' performances during probes, responses to comprehension questions, and responding during role-plays. The results indicated that the teaching interaction procedure was more efficacious than the social story procedure across all three participants. C1 [Kassardjian, Alyne; Leaf, Justin B.; Ravid, Daniel; Leaf, Jeremy A.; Alcalay, Aditt; Dale, Stephanie; Tsuji, Kathleen; Taubman, Mitchell; Leaf, Ronald; McEachin, John; Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L.] Autism Partnership Fdn, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. RP Leaf, JB (reprint author), Autism Partnership Fdn, 200 Marina Dr, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. EM jblautpar@aol.com CR Adams L., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P87, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190020301 [Anonymous], 2009, NAT STAND PROJ ADDR Ayllon T., 1968, TOKEN EC MOTIVATIONA BAER DM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 Barry L. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2329 EP 2340 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2103-0 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400021 PM 24682708 ER PT J AU Kimhi, Y Shoam-Kugelmas, D Ben-Artzi, GA Ben-Moshe, I Bauminger-Zviely, N AF Kimhi, Yael Shoam-Kugelmas, Dana Ben-Artzi, Galit Agam Ben-Moshe, Inbal Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit TI Theory of Mind and Executive Function in Preschoolers with Typical Development Versus Intellectually Able Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Theory of mind; Executive functions; Preschool ID FALSE BELIEF; INHIBITORY CONTROL; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FUNCTION DEFICITS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DYSFUNCTION; LANGUAGE; ABILITY; DESIRES; IMPAIRMENTS AB Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF), which may be linked because one domain (EF) affects the other (ToM). Group differences (ASD vs. typical development) were examined in both cognitive domains, as well as EF's associations and regressions with ToM. Participants included 29 intellectually able preschoolers with ASD and 30 typical preschoolers, aged 3-6 years. EF tasks included planning and cognitive shifting measures. ToM tasks included predicting and explaining affective and location false-belief tasks. The novelty of this study lies in its in-depth examination of ToM explanation abilities in ASD alongside the role of verbal abilities (VIQ). Significant group differences emerged on most EF and ToM measures, in favor of typically developing children. Overall in the study group, EF-planning skills, EF-cognitive shifting and VIQ significantly contributed to the explained variance of ToM measures. Implications are discussed regarding the social-cognitive deficit in ASD. C1 [Kimhi, Yael; Shoam-Kugelmas, Dana; Ben-Artzi, Galit Agam; Ben-Moshe, Inbal; Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit] Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Kimhi, Yael] Levinsky Coll Educ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Bauminger-Zviely, N (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2341 EP 2354 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2104-z PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400022 PM 24696374 ER PT J AU Bowler, DM Gaigg, SB Gardiner, JM AF Bowler, Dermot M. Gaigg, Sebastian B. Gardiner, John M. TI Binding of Multiple Features in Memory by High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Memory; Relational binding ID EPISODIC FUTURE THINKING; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; RECALL; RECOGNITION; DEFICITS; CHILDREN; CONTEXT; BRAIN AB Diminished episodic memory and diminished use of semantic information to aid recall by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both thought to result from diminished relational binding of elements of complex stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we asked high-functioning adults with ASD and typical comparison participants to study grids in which some cells contained drawings of objects in non-canonical colours. Participants were told at study which features (colour, item, location) would be tested in a later memory test. In a second experiment, participants studied similar grids and were told that they would be tested on object-location or object-colour combinations. Recognition of combinations was significantly diminished in ASD, which survived covarying performance on the Color Trails Test (D'Elia et al. Color trails test. Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz, 1996), a test of executive difficulties. The findings raise the possibility that medial temporal as well as frontal lobe processes are dysfunctional in ASD. C1 [Bowler, Dermot M.; Gaigg, Sebastian B.; Gardiner, John M.] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Autism Res Grp, London EC1V 0HB, England. 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Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2355 EP 2362 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2105-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400023 PM 24696375 ER PT J AU Fink, E de Rosnay, M Wierda, M Koot, HM Begeer, S AF Fink, Elian de Rosnay, Marc Wierda, Marlies Koot, Hans M. Begeer, Sander TI Brief Report: Accuracy and Response Time for the Recognition of Facial Emotions in a Large Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Emotion recognition; Emotion processing; Social communication ID INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; DEFICITS AB The empirical literature has presented inconsistent evidence for deficits in the recognition of basic emotion expressions in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which may be due to the focus on research with relatively small sample sizes. Additionally, it is proposed that although children with ASD may correctly identify emotion expression they rely on more deliberate, more time-consuming strategies in order to accurately recognize emotion expressions when compared to typically developing children. In the current study, we examine both emotion recognition accuracy and response time in a large sample of children, and explore the moderating influence of verbal ability on these findings. The sample consisted of 86 children with ASD (M (age) = 10.65) and 114 typically developing children (M (age) = 10.32) between 7 and 13 years of age. All children completed a pre-test (emotion word-word matching), and test phase consisting of basic emotion recognition, whereby they were required to match a target emotion expression to the correct emotion word; accuracy and response time were recorded. Verbal IQ was controlled for in the analyses. We found no evidence of a systematic deficit in emotion recognition accuracy or response time for children with ASD, controlling for verbal ability. However, when controlling for children's accuracy in word-word matching, children with ASD had significantly lower emotion recognition accuracy when compared to typically developing children. The findings suggest that the social impairments observed in children with ASD are not the result of marked deficits in basic emotion recognition accuracy or longer response times. However, children with ASD may be relying on other perceptual skills (such as advanced word-word matching) to complete emotion recognition tasks at a similar level as typically developing children. C1 [Fink, Elian; de Rosnay, Marc; Begeer, Sander] Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Wierda, Marlies; Koot, Hans M.; Begeer, Sander] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Begeer, S (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2363 EP 2368 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2084-z PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400024 PM 24634064 ER PT J AU Albrecht, MA Stuart, GW Falkmer, M Ordqvist, A Leung, D Foster, JK Falkmer, T AF Albrecht, Matthew A. Stuart, Geoffrey W. Falkmer, Marita Ordqvist, Anna Leung, Denise Foster, Jonathan K. Falkmer, Torbjorn TI Brief Report: Visual Acuity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Case control study; ETDRS; High functioning autism; Perception; Vision ID COGNITIVE-STYLE; PERCEPTION; VISION AB Recently, there has been heightened interest in suggestions of enhanced visual acuity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) which was sparked by evidence that was later accepted to be methodologically flawed. However, a recent study that claimed children with ASD have enhanced visual acuity (Brosnan et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 42:2491-2497, 2012) repeated a critical methodological flaw by using an inappropriate viewing distance for a computerised acuity test, placing the findings in doubt. We examined visual acuity in 31 children with ASD and 33 controls using the 2 m 2000 Series Revised Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart placed at twice the conventional distance to better evaluate possible enhanced acuity. Children with ASD did not demonstrate superior acuity. The current findings strengthen the argument that reports of enhanced acuity in ASD are due to methodological flaws and challenges the reported association between visual acuity and systemising type behaviours. C1 [Albrecht, Matthew A.; Foster, Jonathan K.] Curtin Univ, Sch Psychol & Speech Pathol, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Stuart, Geoffrey W.] La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Falkmer, Marita; Leung, Denise; Falkmer, Torbjorn] Curtin Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Falkmer, Marita] Jonkoping Univ, Inst Disabil Res, Sch Educ & Commun, CHILD Programme, Jonkoping, Sweden. [Ordqvist, Anna; Falkmer, Torbjorn] Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Hlth Sci IMH, Linkoping, Sweden. [Ordqvist, Anna; Falkmer, Torbjorn] Cty Council, UHL, Pain & Rehabil Ctr, Linkoping, Sweden. [Foster, Jonathan K.] Hlth Dept WA, Neurosci Unit, Perth, WA, Australia. [Falkmer, Torbjorn] La Trobe Univ, Sch Occupat Therapy, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Falkmer, T (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2369 EP 2374 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2086-x PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400025 PM 24639028 ER PT J AU Taylor, CM Vehorn, A Noble, H Weitlauf, AS Warren, ZE AF Taylor, Cora M. Vehorn, Alison Noble, Hylan Weitlauf, Amy S. Warren, Zachary E. TI Brief Report: Can Metrics of Reporting Bias Enhance Early Autism Screening Measures? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Screening; Early identification; Internal metrics ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; TODDLERS; CHILDREN; SCALE AB The goal of the current study was to develop and pilot the utility of two simple internal response bias metrics, over-reporting and under-reporting, in terms of additive clinical value within common screening practices for early detection of autism spectrum disorder risk. Participants were caregivers and children under 36 months of age (n = 145) participating in first-time diagnostic appointments across our clinical research center due to developmental concerns. Caregivers were asked to complete the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (MCHAT) as well as a questionnaire embedding six response bias indicator questions. These questions were items that in previous clinical studies had been endorsed by an overwhelming majority of parents within clinically identified populations. Results indicated that removal of self-reports indicative of potential response bias dramatically reduced both false positives and false negatives on the MCHAT within this sample. This suggests that future work developing internal metrics of response bias may be promising in addressing limits of current screening measures and practices. C1 [Taylor, Cora M.; Vehorn, Alison; Noble, Hylan; Weitlauf, Amy S.; Warren, Zachary E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Weitlauf, Amy S.; Warren, Zachary E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Warren, Zachary E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Taylor, CM (reprint author), Geisinger Hlth Syst, Autism & Dev Med Inst, 120 Hamm Dr,Suite 2A, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM cmtaylor1@geisinger.edu CR Barton ML, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1165, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1343-5 Butcher J. N., 2001, MINNESOTA MULTIPHASI Chlebowski C, 2013, PEDIATRICS, V131, pE1121, DOI 10.1542/peds.2012-1525 Corsello CM, 2013, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V54, P178, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02607.x Dawson G, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, pE17, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-0958 Hus V, 2013, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V54, P216, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02589.x Johnson CP, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1183, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 Lord C., 2001, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Miller JS, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V127, P866, DOI 10.1542/peds.2010-0136 Pandey J, 2008, AUTISM, V12, P513, DOI 10.1177/1362361308094503 Reynolds C. R., 2006, BEHAV ASSESSMENT SYS Robins D., 1999, MODIFIED CHECKLIST A Swanson AR, 2014, AUTISM, V18, P555, DOI 10.1177/1362361313481507 Young Margaret B., 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V61, P1 Warren Z, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V127, pE1303, DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-0426 Wetherby A. M., 2002, INFANT TODDLER CHECK Wetherby AM, 2008, AUTISM, V12, P487, DOI 10.1177/1362361308094501 Zwiagenbaum L., 2011, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P75 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2375 EP 2380 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2099-5 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AN4HW UT WOS:000340549400026 PM 24682706 ER PT J AU Williamson, KE Jakobson, LS AF Williamson, Kathryn E. Jakobson, Lorna S. TI Social perception in children born at very low birthweight and its relationship with social/behavioral outcomes SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Prematurity; low birthweight; autism spectrum disorder; social perception; social cognition ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; EX-PRETERM INFANTS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES; ADOLESCENTS BORN; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; COGNITION; SKILLS AB Background: Research has shown that children born very prematurely are at substantially elevated risk for social and behavioral difficulties similar to those seen in full-term children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods: To gain insight into core deficits that may underlie these difficulties, in this study, we assessed the social perceptual skills of 8-to 11-year-old children born at very low birthweight (VLBW) (< 1,500 g) and age-matched, full-term controls, using the Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure. We also assessed social and behavioral outcomes with two parent-report measures used in ASD screening. Results: Children in the preterm group had normal range estimated verbal IQ. However, we found that they were impaired in their ability to use nonverbal cues from moving faces and bodies, and situational cues, to correctly identify the emotions of characters depicted in videotaped social interactions. Their performance on this task was related to the number of 'autistic-like' traits they displayed. Conclusions: This research highlights links between social perceptual deficits and poor social and behavioral outcomes in children born very prematurely. The results also suggest that even those who have escaped major intellectual/language problems are at risk for social and behavioral problems that can be of clinical concern. C1 [Williamson, Kathryn E.; Jakobson, Lorna S.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Psychol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Jakobson, LS (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Psychol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM jakobson@cc.umanitoba.ca FU University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship; Manitoba Institute for Child Health/Manitoba Health Research Council Studentship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This research was supported by a University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship and a Manitoba Institute for Child Health/Manitoba Health Research Council Studentship to K. E. W., and by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to L. S J. The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest. The authors thank Joyce Magill-Evans and Cyndie De Koning for advice regarding the scoring of the Child and Adolescent Social Perception measure, Sarah Rigby and Lauren Galbraith for their help with scoring; the staff of the High-Risk Newborn Follow-up Program, and the children and parents who took part in this research. 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Psychiatry PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 IS 9 BP 990 EP 998 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12210 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AN2JD UT WOS:000340410000004 PM 24552579 ER PT J AU Kaluzna-Czaplinska, J Zurawicz, E Struck, W Markuszewski, M AF Kaluzna-Czaplinska, Joanna Zurawicz, Ewa Struck, Wiktoria Markuszewski, Michal TI Identification of organic acids as potential biomarkers in the urine of autistic children using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Organic acids; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Biomarkers; Autism; Principal component analysis ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; PROPIONIC-ACID; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; 2-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; ASCORBIC-ACID; SAUDI-ARABIA AB There is a need to identify metabolic phenotypes in autism as they might each require unique approaches to prevention. Biological markers can help define autism subtypes and reveal potential therapeutic targets. The aim of the study was to identify alterations of small molecular weight compounds and to find potential biomarkers. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was employed to evaluate major metabolic changes in low molecular weight urine metabolites of 14 children with autism spectrum disorders vs. 10 non-autistic subjects. The results prove the usefulness of an identified set of 21 endogenous compounds (including 14 organic acids), whose levels are changed in diseased children. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method combined with multivariate statistical analysis techniques provide an efficient way of depicting metabolic perturbations of diseases, and may potentially be applicable as a novel strategy for the noninvasive diagnosis and treatment of autism. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaluzna-Czaplinska, Joanna; Zurawicz, Ewa] Lodz Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Inst Gen & Ecol Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Struck, Wiktoria; Markuszewski, Michal] Med Univ Gdansk, Dept Biopharm & Pharmacodynam, PL-80416 Gdansk, Poland. RP Kaluzna-Czaplinska, J (reprint author), Lodz Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Inst Gen & Ecol Chem, Zeromskiego 116, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. 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Chromatogr. B PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 966 SI SI BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.041 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AN1DP UT WOS:000340323200008 PM 24565890 ER PT J AU Bostrom, PK Broberg, M AF Bostrom, P. K. Broberg, M. TI Openness and avoidance - a longitudinal study of fathers of children with intellectual disability SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; Down syndrome; father; intellectual disability; learning disability; parents ID DOWN-SYNDROME; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY; DISABLED-CHILDREN; PARENTING STRESS; MOTHERS; AUTISM; FAMILIES; INVOLVEMENT AB Background Fathers' interactions with children who have intellectual disabilities (ID) or developmental delays (DD) have increased over the past few decades and may be expected to continue to increase as maternal and paternal roles, along with other gender roles, become more equal. The aim of the present study was to explore fathers' experiences of parenthood in relation to a child with ID/DD from the initial discovery of the disability to 5 years later. Methods Fathers' experiences of parenting children with ID/DD were explored in a longitudinal framework. Seven Swedish fathers of young children with ID/DD participated in a series of semi-structured interviews from 2005 to 2010, and their accounts were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results The analysis revealed three themes: (1) An interrupted path - no longer taking things for granted, which describes the fathers' reactions to their children's diagnosis; (2) Being a good father, which describes the fathers' overall perceptions of their parenting of a child with ID/DD; and (3) Dealing with the unexpected, which describes fathers' individual ways of integrating, managing, and living with the knowledge of their child's disability over the 5 years during which fathers were interviewed. Conclusions Fathers' individual paths need to be taken into consideration when offering psychological support to families of children with ID/DD. C1 [Bostrom, P. K.; Broberg, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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We investigated NRG1-induced activation of the AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) systems by the measurement of the phosphorylated AKT/ERK to total AKT/ERK ratio in peripheral B lymphoblasts of patients with FXS, IQ-matched controls with intellectual disability (obstetric complications, preterm birth, perinatal hypoxia, and low birth weight), and typically developed healthy participants. Results revealed that patients with FXS displayed decreased AKT but normal ERK activation after the administration of NRG1. IQ-matched controls with intellectual disability displayed intact AKT/ERK activation. In conclusion, FXS, but not intellectual disability associated with obstetric complications, is associated with decreased NRG1-induced AKT phosphorylation. C1 [Kovacs, Tamas; Keri, Szabolcs] Nyiro Gyula Hosp, Natl Inst Psychiat & Addict, Budapest, Hungary. [Bansagi, Boglarka] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Pediat 2, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. 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Mol. Neurosci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s12031-014-0257-z PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GP UT WOS:000340474200013 PM 24563264 ER PT J AU Cortez, MD de Rose, JC Miguel, CF AF Cortez, Mariele Diniz de Rose, Julio C. Miguel, Caio F. TI The Role of Correspondence Training on Children's Self-Report Accuracy across Tasks SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE Correspondence training; Do-say correspondence; Generalization; Lying; Self-report ID VERBAL NONVERBAL CORRESPONDENCE; ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; INCREASING PLAY; VERBALIZATION; BEHAVIOR; REINFORCEMENT; MAINTENANCE; THOUGHTS; AUTISM; SAMPLE AB This study investigated children's self-report accuracy as a function of task type and also verified generalization of do-say correspondence across tasks. Six children between 6 and 11 years of age participated in the study. "Doing" consisted of reading words, playing a computer game, solving a math problem, and labeling music-related stimuli. "Saying" consisted of reporting on the accuracy of performance following the automated computer feedback. Baseline assessed correspondence for the different tasks. Correspondence training was conducted for the task in which levels of accuracy were the lowest. Generalized do-say correspondence was then assessed in untrained tasks. For four children, correspondence was lowest for the academic tasks. Four of six children exhibited generalized correspondence after the first training, and the remaining two children did so following a second training with a different task. Distinct tasks seemed to control different patterns of self-report accuracy. Results on generalization indicated do-say correspondence as a generalized operant behavior. C1 [Cortez, Mariele Diniz; de Rose, Julio C.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 64 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s40732-014-0061-8 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AN1VS UT WOS:000340372700005 ER PT J AU Perez-Gonzalez, LA Belloso-Diaz, C Carames-Mendez, M Alonso-Alvarez, B AF Antonio Perez-Gonzalez, Luis Belloso-Diaz, Carlota Carames-Mendez, Maria Alonso-Alvarez, Benigno TI Emergence of Complex Intraverbals Determined by Simpler Intraverbals SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE Intraverbals; Verbal behavior; Stimulus equivalence; Stimulus relations; Reasoning; Answering questions; Adults ID STIMULUS-CONTROL PROCEDURES; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; EMERGING SPEECH; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; RESPONSES; AUTISM AB This research explored some factors involved in the emergence of intraverbals as demonstrated by P,rez-Gonzalez, Herszlikowicz, and Williams (2008) in three experiments. Eleven adults learned to say the chemical elements corresponding to two chemical groups (the A-B relations) and to say the atomic numbers of two elements (the B-C relations). Thereafter, we probed the relations that result from combining these stimuli. For example, we asked the groups corresponding to the atomic numbers (the C-A relations). In Experiment 1, we taught A-B and B-C and probed the remaining relations without additional teaching. In Experiment 2, with Categories, participants learned to say the categories of the exemplars (i.e., "What is polonium?" -the correct answer was "an element"). In Experiment 3, with Exemplars, participants learned to say the exemplars of the categories (i.e., "Name a chemical element"; the correct answers were the two chemical elements). The Categories facilitated emergence in some but not all participants. The Exemplars was shown to be effective in promoting the emergence of the emergent relations. These results indicate that the simpler intraverbals (Categories and Exemplars) play a role in the emergence of the more complex intraverbals. C1 [Antonio Perez-Gonzalez, Luis; Belloso-Diaz, Carlota; Carames-Mendez, Maria; Alonso-Alvarez, Benigno] Univ Oviedo, Dept Psychol, Oviedo 33003, Spain. RP Perez-Gonzalez, LA (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Psychol, Plaza Feijoo S-N Despacho 209, Oviedo 33003, Spain. EM laperez@uniovi.es RI Perez-Gonzalez, Luis/L-2338-2014 CR Axe Judah B, 2008, Anal Verbal Behav, V24, P159 BRAAM SJ, 1983, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V4, P279, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(83)90030-9 Carp CL, 2012, PSYCHOL REC, V62, P187 CHASE PN, 1985, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V43, P301, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1985.43-301 Cihon Traci M, 2007, Anal Verbal Behav, V23, P123 Finkel A. S., 2001, ANAL VERBAL BEHAV, V18, P61 Goldsmith TR, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.07.001 Greer R Douglas, 2005, Anal Verbal Behav, V21, P99 Ingvarsson E. 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TI From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Infants; Autism; The "social brain"; Sensory processing ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EYE-GAZE; COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; BIOLOGICAL MOTION AB A fast growing field, the study of infants at risk because of having an older sibling with autism (i.e. infant sibs) aims to identify the earliest signs of this disorder, which would allow for earlier diagnosis and intervention. More importantly, we argue, these studies offer the opportunity to validate existing neuro-developmental models of autism against experimental evidence. Although autism is mainly seen as a disorder of social interaction and communication, emerging early markers do not exclusively reflect impairments of the "social brain". Evidence for atypical development of sensory and attentional systems highlight the need to move away from localized deficits to models suggesting brain-wide involvement in autism pathology. We discuss the implications infant sibs findings have for future work into the biology of autism and the development of interventions. (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gliga, T.; Jones, E. J. H.; Johnson, M. H.] Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Bedford, R.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Charman, T.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Gliga, T (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England. 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Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.dr.2014.05.003 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM6OU UT WOS:000339985300001 ER PT J AU Lo, YY Burk, B Anderson, AL AF Lo, Ya-yu Burk, Bradley Anderson, Adrienne L. TI Using Progressive Video Prompting to Teach Students with Moderate Intellectual Disability to Shoot a Basketball SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID DAILY LIVING SKILLS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; COOKING SKILLS; INTERVENTION; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; INSTRUCTION; CHILDREN AB The current study examined the effects of a modified video prompting procedure, namely progressive video prompting, to increase technique accuracy of shooting a basketball in the school gymnasium of three 11th-grade students with moderate intellectual disability. The intervention involved participants viewing video clips of an adult model who showed progressively chucked steps for making a free throw. We used a single-case, multiple probe across participants design to evaluate the intervention effects. The results of this study showed that all three participants increased the number of steps performed correctly and maintained the skill at the 1-week and 2-week maintenance check without the video viewing. Implications for practice and future research related to video prompting variations are discussed. C1 [Lo, Ya-yu] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Anderson, Adrienne L.] Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC USA. RP Lo, YY (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Special Educ & Child Dev, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. 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Turner, Kennedy Gunselman, Karen TI Using Simultaneous Prompting and Computer-Assisted Instruction to Teach Narrative Writing Skills to Students with Autism SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID LEARNING-DISABLED STUDENTS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; NO CHILD LEFT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PLANNING INSTRUCTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WRITTEN; ADOLESCENTS; PERFORMANCE AB Despite the importance of written expression to the lives of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), there is limited research on teaching writing skills to this population. In the current study, we used a multiple probe across behaviors design to evaluate the effects of simultaneous prompting (SP) and computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on the story writing responses of five males with autism, 6 to 10 years of age. The data indicated that SP and CAI were effective in improving the story writing skills of all five participants. 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 3 BP 396 EP 414 PG 19 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AN0XH UT WOS:000340306800005 ER PT J AU Odluyurt, S Tekin-Iftar, E Ersoy, G AF Odluyurt, Serhat Tekin-Iftar, Elif Ersoy, Gulhan TI Effects of School Counselor Supervised Peer Tutoring in Inclusive Settings on Meeting IEP Outcomes of Students with Developmental Disabilities SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID SIGHT WORDS; AUTISM; INSTRUCTION; CHILDREN; SKILLS; INDIVIDUALS; BEHAVIORS; ADULTS; TEACH AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of school counselor supervised peer tutoring intervention on meeting IEP outcomes of six inclusion students with developmental disabilities in a public elementary and secondary school. The effectiveness of this intervention was evaluated by using multiple probe design across students. Elementary school students (3rd graders) were taught purchasing skill at school canteen and the secondary level students (7th and 8th graders) were taught first-aid skill. Three typical peers served as tutors for each student. The results showed that the school counselor successfully supervised peer tutoring intervention, the tutor reliably delivered intervention to their peers with developmental disabilities, and tutees acquired, maintained and generalized the skills on their IEPs. In addition, tutees reported positive opinions regarding the social validity of the study. Results, future research, and implications for practice are discussed. C1 [Odluyurt, Serhat; Tekin-Iftar, Elif] Anadolu Univ, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Ersoy, Gulhan] Barbaros Primary Sch, Kutahya, Turkey. RP Tekin-Iftar, E (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Engelliler Arastirma Enstitusu, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. 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TI Expansion of the clinical phenotype associated with mutations in activity-dependent neuroprotective protein SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; GENES; ADNP C1 [Pescosolido, Matthew F.; Schwede, Matthew; Schmidt, Michael; Gamsiz, Ece D.; Morrow, Eric M.] Dept Mol Biol Cell Biol & Biochem, Providence, RI USA. [Pescosolido, Matthew F.] Brown Univ, Mol Med Lab, Inst Brain Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Pescosolido, Matthew F.; Harrison, Ashley Johnson; Gamsiz, Ece D.; Jerskey, Beth A.; Morrow, Eric M.] Brown Univ, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hosp, Dev Disorders Genet Res Program, East Providence, RI USA. [Pescosolido, Matthew F.; Harrison, Ashley Johnson; Gamsiz, Ece D.; Jerskey, Beth A.; Morrow, Eric M.] Brown Univ, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Alpert Med Sch, East Providence, RI USA. [Pescosolido, Matthew F.; Harrison, Ashley Johnson; Schmidt, Michael; Gamsiz, Ece D.; Jerskey, Beth A.; Morrow, Eric M.] Rhode Isl Consortium Autism Res & Treatment RI CA, Providence, RI USA. [Chen, Wendy S.; Donahue, John P.] Brown Univ, Dept Surg, Alpert Med Sch, Div Ophthalmol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Shur, Natasha] Albany Med Ctr, Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Dept Pediat, Albany, NY USA. [Phornphutkul, Chanika] Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Human Genet, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI USA. [Phornphutkul, Chanika] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Morrow, EM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Mol Med Lab, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM eric_morrow@brown.edu FU Burroughs Wellcome Fund; NIH NIGMS [P20GM103645]; Simons Foundation (SFARI) [239834, 286756]; Nancy Lurie Marks Foundation; Brown Institute for Brain Science (BIBS); Norman Prince Neuroscience Institute (NPNI) FX EMM has received a Career Award in Medical Science from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and support from NIH NIGMS P20GM103645. This work was supported by grants from the Simons Foundation (SFARI #239834 & #286756 to EMM) and also generous support to EMM from the Nancy Lurie Marks Foundation. Brown Institute for Brain Science (BIBS) and Norman Prince Neuroscience Institute (NPNI). 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PD SEP PY 2014 VL 51 IS 9 BP 587 EP 589 DI 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102444 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN0AE UT WOS:000340242400004 PM 25057125 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, MB Nielsen, JV Loureno, CM Melo, JB Halgren, C Geraldi, CVL MarquesJr, W Rodrigues, GR Thomassen, M Bak, M Hansen, C Ferreira, SI Venancio, M Henriksen, KF Lind-Thomsen, A Carreira, IM Jensen, NA Tommerup, N AF Rasmussen, Malene B. Nielsen, Jakob V. Loureno, Charles M. Melo, Joana B. Halgren, Christina Geraldi, Camila V. L. Marques, Wilson, Jr. Rodrigues, Guilherme R. Thomassen, Mads Bak, Mads Hansen, Claus Ferreira, Susana I. Venancio, Margarida Henriksen, Karen F. Lind-Thomsen, Allan Carreira, Isabel M. Jensen, Niels A. Tommerup, Niels TI Neurodevelopmental disorders associated with dosage imbalance of ZBTB20 correlate with the morbidity spectrum of ZBTB20 candidate target genes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID 3Q13.31 MICRODELETION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; PREPULSE INHIBITION; NEURON DEVELOPMENT; AUTISM RESEARCH; DATABASE; RESOURCE; TRANSCRIPTION; HIPPOCAMPUS; PHENOTYPE AB Background Recently, a number of patients have been described with structural rearrangements at 3q13.31, delineating a novel microdeletion syndrome with common clinical features including developmental delay and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). A smallest region of overlapping deletions (SRO) involved five RefSeq genes, including the transcription factor gene ZBTB20 and the dopamine receptor gene DRD3, considered as candidate genes for the syndrome. Methods and results We used array comparative genomic hybridization and next-generation mate-pair sequencing to identify key structural rearrangements involving ZBTB20 in two patients with NDD. In a patient with developmental delay, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis, Tourette's syndrome and autistic traits, a de novo balanced t(3; 18) translocation truncated ZBTB20. The other breakpoint did not disrupt any gene. In a second patient with developmental delay and autism, we detected the first microdeletion at 3q13.31, which truncated ZBTB20 but did not involve DRD3 or the other genes within the previously defined SRO. Zbtb20 directly represses 346 genes in the developing murine brain. Of the 342 human orthologous ZBTB20 candidate target genes, we found 68 associated with NDD. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR, we validated the in vivo binding of Zbtb20 in evolutionary conserved regions in six of these genes (Cntn4, Gad1, Nrxn1, Nrxn3, Scn2a, Snap25). Conclusions Our study links dosage imbalance of ZBTB20 to a range of neurodevelopmental, cognitive and psychiatric disorders, likely mediated by dysregulation of multiple ZBTB20 target genes, and provides new knowledge on the genetic background of the NDD seen in the 3q13.31 microdeletion syndrome. C1 [Rasmussen, Malene B.; Halgren, Christina; Bak, Mads; Hansen, Claus; Henriksen, Karen F.; Lind-Thomsen, Allan; Tommerup, Niels] Univ Copenhagen, Wilhelm Johannsen Ctr Funct Genome Res, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Fac Hlth Sci, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. [Nielsen, Jakob V.; Jensen, Niels A.] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Mol Med, Dept Neurobiol Res, Odense C, Denmark. [Loureno, Charles M.; Marques, Wilson, Jr.; Rodrigues, Guilherme R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Behav Sci, Neurogenet Unit, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. [Melo, Joana B.; Carreira, Isabel M.] Univ Coimbra, Lab Citogenet & Genom, Coimbra, Portugal. [Melo, Joana B.; Carreira, Isabel M.] Univ Coimbra, CIMAGO, Fac Med, Coimbra, Portugal. [Thomassen, Mads] Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark. [Ferreira, Susana I.] Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, Lab Clin & Genet, Coimbra, Portugal. [Venancio, Margarida] Ctr Hosp & Univ Coimbra, Serv Genet Med, Coimbra, Portugal. [Venancio, Margarida] Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, Coimbra, Portugal. RP Tommerup, N (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Wilhelm Johannsen Ctr Funct Genome Res, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Blegdamsvej 3,24-4-30, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. EM ntommerup@sund.ku.dk RI Melo, Joana/K-8347-2014; Marques, Wilson/G-4240-2012 OI Melo, Joana/0000-0001-5049-2670; Marques, Wilson/0000-0002-4589-2749 FU Lundbeck Foundation; Augustinus Foundation; Aase & Ejnar Danielsen's Foundation; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen FX This study was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation and Aase & Ejnar Danielsen's Foundation and from the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen. 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Med. Genet. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 51 IS 9 BP 605 EP U6613 DI 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102535 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN0AE UT WOS:000340242400007 PM 25062845 ER PT J AU Furlong, MA Engel, SM Barr, DB Wolff, MS AF Furlong, Melissa A. Engel, Stephanie M. Barr, Dana Boyd Wolff, Mary S. TI Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and reciprocal social behavior in childhood SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Social Responsiveness Scale; Organophosphate pesticides; Environmental exposures; Neurodevelopment ID NEONATAL CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE; MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; IN-UTERO; SEROTONERGIC MECHANISMS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FETAL-GROWTH; NEURODEVELOPMENT; POPULATION AB Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood, including low IQ pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), attention problems and ADHD. Many of these disorders involve impairments in social functioning. Thus, we investigated the relationship between biomarkers of prenatal OP exposure and impaired reciprocal social behavior in childhood, as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Using a multi-ethnic urban prospective cohort of mother-infant pairs in New York City recruited between 1998 and 2002 (n = 404) we examined the relation between third trimester maternal urinary levels of dialkylphosphate (Sigma DAP) OP metabolites and SRS scores among 136 children who returned for the 7-9 year visit. Overall, there was no association between OPs and SRS scores, although in multivariate adjusted models, associations were heterogeneous by race and by sex. Among blacks, each 10-fold increase in total diethylphosphates (Sigma DEP) was associated with poorer social responsiveness (beta = 5.1 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8, 9.4). There was no association among whites or Hispanics, or for total ZDAP or total dimethylphosphate (Sigma DMP) biomarker levels. Additionally, stratum-specific models supported a stronger negative association among boys for Sigma DEPs (beta = 3.5 points, 95% CI 02, 6.8), with no notable association among girls. Our results support an association of prenatal OP exposure with deficits in social functioning among blacks and among boys, although this may be in part reflective of differences in exposure patterns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Furlong, Melissa A.; Engel, Stephanie M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Barr, Dana Boyd] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wolff, Mary S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. RP Furlong, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Int. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 70 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.011 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM2PL UT WOS:000339693200014 PM 24934853 ER PT J AU Tunc, B Ghanbari, Y Smith, AR Pandey, J Browne, A Schultz, RT Verma, R AF Tunc, Birkan Ghanbari, Yasser Smith, Alex R. Pandey, Juhi Browne, Aaron Schultz, Robert T. Verma, Ragini TI PUNCH: Population Characterization of Heterogeneity SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneity; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Severity measure ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CLASSIFICATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; CHILDREN; RDOC; FRAMEWORK; CRITERIA; MACHINE AB Neuropsychiatric disorders are notoriously heterogeneous in their presentation, which precludes straightforward and objective description of the differences between affected and typical populations that therefore makes finding reliable biomarkers a challenge. This difficulty underlines the need for reliable methods to capture sample characteristics of heterogeneity using a single continuous measure, incorporating the multitude of score used to describe different aspects of functioning. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a gener method of identifying and quantifying the heterogeneity of any clinical population using a severity meastn, called the PUNCH (Population Characterization of Heterogeneity). PUNCH is a decision level fusion techniquc to incorporate decisions of various phenotypic scores, while providing interpretable weights for scores. We provide applications of our framework to simulated datasets and to a large sample of youth with Autism Spectrun Disorder (ASD). Next we stratify PUNCH scores in our ASD sample and show how severity moderates findings o group differences in diffusion weighted brain imaging data; more severely affected subgroups of ASD sho) expanded differences compared to age and gender matched healthy controls. Results demonstrate the abilit of our measure in quantifying the underlying heterogeneity of the clinical samples, and suggest its utility in providing researchers with reliable severity assessments incorporating population heterogeneity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved C1 [Tunc, Birkan; Ghanbari, Yasser; Smith, Alex R.; Verma, Ragini] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ctr Biomed Image Comp & Analyt, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pandey, Juhi; Browne, Aaron; Schultz, Robert T.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schultz, Robert T.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Pang, Elizabeth W. Vara, Anjili S. Batty, Magali TI Neural Substrates of Numerosity Estimation in Autism SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE numerosity estimation; local and global perception; autism; MEG ID MENTAL NUMBER LINE; POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX; PRIMATE PREFRONTAL CORTEX; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; VISUAL WORKING-MEMORY; MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE; INTRAPARIETAL SULCUS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; PERCEIVED NUMEROSITY AB Visual skills, including numerosity estimation are reported to be superior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This phenomenon is attributed to individuals with ASD processing local features, rather than the Gestalt. We examined the neural correlates of numerosity estimation in adults with and without ASD, to disentangle perceptual atypicalities from numerosity processing. Fourteen adults with ASD and matched typically developed (TD) controls estimated the number of dots (80-150) arranged either randomly (local information) or in meaningful patterns (global information) while brain activity was recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG). Behavioral results showed no significant group difference in the errors of estimation. However, numerical estimation in ASD was more variable across numerosities than TD and was not affected by the global arrangement of the dots. At 80-120 ms, MEG analyses revealed early significant differences (TD>ASD) in source amplitudes in visual areas, followed from 120 to 400 ms by group differences in temporal, and then parietal regions. After 400 ms, a source was found in the superior frontal gyrus in TD only. Activation in temporal areas was differently sensitive to the global arrangement of dots in TD and ASD. MEG data show that individuals with autism exhibit widespread functional abnormalities. Differences in temporal regions could be linked to atypical global perception. Occipital followed by parietal and frontal differences might be driven by abnormalities in the processing and conversion of visual input into a number-selective neural code and complex cognitive decisional stages. These results suggest overlapping atypicalities in sensory, perceptual and number-related processing during numerosity estimation in ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4362-4385, 2014. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Meaux, Emilie] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci & Clin Neurol, Lab Neurol & Imaging Cognit, Geneva, Switzerland. [Taylor, Margot J.; Vara, Anjili S.] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Diagnost Imaging, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Taylor, Margot J.; Vara, Anjili S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol & Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Pang, Elizabeth W.] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Neurol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. 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Brain Mapp. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 4362 EP 4385 DI 10.1002/hbm.22480 PG 24 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AM0VZ UT WOS:000339567000008 PM 24639374 ER PT J AU Romano, D Nicolau, M Quintin, EM Mazaika, PK Lightbody, AA Hazlett, HC Piven, J Carlsson, G Reiss, AL AF Romano, David Nicolau, Monica Quintin, Eve-Marie Mazaika, Paul K. Lightbody, Amy A. Hazlett, Heather Cody Piven, Joseph Carlsson, Gunnar Reiss, Allan L. TI Topological Methods Reveal High and Low Functioning Neuro-Phenotypes Within Fragile X Syndrome SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum behavior; MRI; topological data analysis; multivariate pattern analysis; voxel-based morphometry ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; AUTISM; BOYS; DISORDERS; THRESHOLD; SPECTRUM AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS), due to mutations of the FMR1 gene, is the most common known inherited cause of developmental disability as well as the most common single-gene risk factor for autism. Our goal was to examine variation in brain structure in FXS with topological data analysis (TDA), and to assess how such variation is associated with measures of IQ and autism-related behaviors. To this end, we analyzed imaging and behavioral data from young boys (n = 52; aged 1.57-4.15 years) diagnosed with FXS. Application of topological methods to structural MRI data revealed two large subgroups within the study population. Comparison of these subgroups showed significant between-subgroup neuroanatomical differences similar to those previously reported to distinguish children with FXS from typically developing controls (e. g., enlarged caudate). In addition to neuroanatomy, the groups showed significant differences in IQ and autism severity scores. These results suggest that despite arising from a single gene mutation, FXS may encompass two biologically, and clinically separable phenotypes. In addition, these findings underscore the potential of TDA as a powerful tool in the search for biological phenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Romano, David; Quintin, Eve-Marie; Mazaika, Paul K.; Lightbody, Amy A.; Reiss, Allan L.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Interdisciplinary Brain Sci Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nicolau, Monica; Carlsson, Gunnar] Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 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Brain Mapp. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 4904 EP 4915 DI 10.1002/hbm.22521 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AM0VZ UT WOS:000339567000048 PM 24737721 ER PT J AU de Rosnay, M Fink, E Begeer, S Slaughter, V Peterson, C AF de Rosnay, Marc Fink, Elian Begeer, Sander Slaughter, Virginia Peterson, Candida TI Talking theory of mind talk: young school-aged children's everyday conversation and understanding of mind and emotion SO JOURNAL OF CHILD LANGUAGE LA English DT Article ID FALSE-BELIEF; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; AUTISM-SPECTRUM; LANGUAGE; BEHAVIOR; DEAFNESS; METAANALYSIS; TEMPERAMENT; SKILLS AB Links between young children's everyday use of mindful conversational skills and their success on laboratory tests of theory of mind understanding (ToM) were evaluated. 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Child Lang. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1193 DI 10.1017/S0305000913000433 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental; Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Linguistics GA AM0PR UT WOS:000339548200009 PM 24229511 ER PT J AU Pedersen, L Parlar, S Kvist, K Whiteley, P Shattock, P AF Pedersen, Lennart Parlar, Sarah Kvist, Kajsa Whiteley, Paul Shattock, Paul TI Data mining the ScanBrit study of a gluten- and casein-free dietary intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders: Behavioural and psychometric measures of dietary response SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Dietary intervention; Gluten; Casein ID URINARY INDOLYL-3-ACRYLOYLGLYCINE; RISK; MUTATIONS AB We previously reported results based on the examination of a gluten- and casein-free diet as an intervention for children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder as part of the ScanBrit collaboration. Analysis based on grouped results indicated several significant differences between dietary and non-dietary participants across various core and peripheral areas of functioning. Results also indicated some disparity in individual responses to dietary modification potentially indicative of responder and non-responder differences. Further examination of the behavioural and psychometric data garnered from participants was undertaken, with a view to determining potential factors pertinent to response to dietary intervention. Participants with clinically significant scores indicative of inattention and hyperactivity behaviours and who had a significant positive changes to said scores were defined as responders to the dietary intervention. Analyses indicated several factors to be potentially pertinent to a positive response to dietary intervention in terms of symptom presentation. 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Seim Family Fund for Medical Research; Eric Birger Christensen Fond; Norwegian Protein Intolerance Association; Robert Luff Foundation; Glashofs Legat FX The authors thank all the parents who gave their time and permission for their children to take part in this difficult study. We owe a huge debt of thanks to Maureen Pilvang and Jonna Deibjerg who provided nutritional advice and support to parents and Charlotte Mathiesen who provided administrative support. The study was supported by grants from the Center for Autisme, the Nils O. Seim Family Fund for Medical Research, the Eric Birger Christensen Fond, the Norwegian Protein Intolerance Association, The Robert Luff Foundation and Glashofs Legat. 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TI Necessary, but not sufficient: Insights into the mechanisms of mGluR mediated long-term depression from a rat model of early life seizures SO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Early life seizure; Long-term depression; Metabotropic glutamate receptor; CaMKII; Voltage-gated calcium channels; Autism ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; SIGNALING PATHWAY; MOUSE MODEL; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; CAMKII AUTONOMY; KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; POTENTIATION AB Using the rat model of early life seizures (ELS), which has exaggerated mGluR mediated long-term depression of synaptic strength (mGluR-LTD) in adulthood, we probed the signaling cascades underlying mGluR-LTD induction. Several inhibitors completely blocked mGluR-LTD in control but not in ELS rats: the proteasome, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), S6 kinase (S6K), or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type VGCC). Inhibition of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) resulted in a near complete block of mGluR-LTD in control rats and a slight reduction of mGluR-LTD in ELS rats. "Autonomous" CaMKII was found to be upregulated in ELS rats, while elevated S6K activity, which is stimulated by mTOR, was described previously. Thus, modulation of each of these factors was necessary for mGluR-LTD induction in control rats, but even their combined, permanent activation in the ELS rats was not sufficient to individually support mGluR-LTD induction following ELS. This implies that while these factors may act sequentially in controls to mediate mGluR-LTD, this is no longer the case after ELS. In contrast, activated ERK was found to be significantly down-regulated in ELS rats. Inhibition of MEK/ERK activation in control rats elevated mGluR-LTD to the exaggerated levels seen in ELS rats. Together, these results elucidate both the mechanisms that persistently enhance mGluR-LTD after ELS and the mechanisms underlying normal mGluR-LTD by providing evidence for multiple, convergent pathways that mediate mGluR-LTD induction. With our prior work, this ties these signaling cascades to the ELS behavioral phenotype that includes abnormal working memory, fear conditioning and socialization. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bernard, Paul B.; Castano, Anna M.; Benke, Tim A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80045 USA. [Bayer, K. Ulrich; Benke, Tim A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Neurosci Grad Program, Denver, CO 80045 USA. [Benke, Tim A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80045 USA. [Bayer, K. Ulrich; Benke, Tim A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Denver, CO 80045 USA. [Benke, Tim A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Otolaiyngol, Denver, CO 80045 USA. RP Benke, TA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 12800 E 19th,MS8102, Denver, CO 80045 USA. EM tim.benke@ucdenver.edu FU Children's Hospital Colorado Research Institute; Epilepsy Foundation; National Institutes of Health [R01 NS076577, R01 NS081248] FX Special thanks to Drs. Heather O'Leary, Mark Dell'Acqua, Steve Coultrap and other members of the Benke, Bayer and Dell'Acqua labs and the Neuroscience Program Machine Shop Core. Funding provided by the Children's Hospital Colorado Research Institute, Epilepsy Foundation, and National Institutes of Health grants R01 NS076577 (to T.B.) and R01 NS081248 (to K.U.B.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NINDS or NIH. 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Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AK7OC UT WOS:000338616600001 PM 24780380 ER PT J AU Lin, CY Chang, YM AF Lin, Chien-Yu Chang, Yu-Ming TI Increase in physical activities in kindergarten children with cerebral palsy by employing MaKey-MaKey-based task systems SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Interaction; Cerebral palsy; MaKey MaKey; Conductive materials; Single-case design ID DESIGNATED OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION; ASSISTING PEOPLE; DISABILITIES; REHABILITATION; EXERCISE; LIFE; AUTISM; ADULTS AB In this study, we employed Flash- and Scratch-based multimedia by using a MaKey-MaKey-based task system to increase the motivation level of children with cerebral palsy to perform physical activities. MaKey MaKey is a circuit board that converts physical touch to a digital signal, which is interpreted by a computer as a keyboard message. In this study, we used conductive materials to control this interaction. This study followed single-case design using ABAB models in which A indicated the baseline and B indicated the intervention. The experiment period comprised 1 month and a half. The experimental results demonstrated that in the case of two kindergarten children with cerebral palsy, their scores were considerably increased during the intervention phrases. The developmental applications of the results are also discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Chien-Yu] Natl Univ Tainan, Dept Special Educ, Tainan 700, Taiwan. [Chang, Yu-Ming] Southern Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Digital Design, Tainan 710, Taiwan. RP Lin, CY (reprint author), Natl Univ Tainan, Dept Special Educ, 33,Sect 2,Shu Lin St, Tainan 700, Taiwan. 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Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1963 EP 1969 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.028 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK1MM UT WOS:000338179200005 PM 24864049 ER PT J AU Visser, EM Berger, HJC Prins, JB Lantman-De Valk, HMJV Teunisse, JP AF Visser, E. M. Berger, H. J. C. Prins, J. B. Lantman-De Valk, H. M. J. Van Schrojenstein Teunisse, J. P. TI Shifting impairment and aggression in intellectual disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Cognitive shifting; Aggression; Autism; Intellectual disability ID BEHAVIOR RATING INVENTORY; CARD SORTING TEST; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; PHYSICAL AGGRESSION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; TOTAL POPULATION; RISK MARKERS; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN AB Aggressive behaviour is a major problem in individuals with an intellectual disability (ID)as well as in individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). There are indications that suggest a link between cognitive shifting and aggression. In this study, reports of aggressive incidents of adolescents and young adults with different clinical diagnoses (ID, ID + ASD, ASD) were collected during 1 year, using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised. Whether they were diagnosed with ID, ASD or both; individuals who displayed aggression were found to face more cognitive shifting difficulties than non-aggressive individuals, while no significant differences were found on severity of ASD symptoms. Study results support the assumption that a cognition-based model for aggression may be more adequate than a diagnose-based model. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Visser, E. M.; Berger, H. J. C.; Prins, J. B.; Teunisse, J. P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Psychol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Lantman-De Valk, H. M. J. 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Sigafoos, Jeff Alberti, Gloria Perilli, Viviana Oliva, Doretta Buono, Serafino TI Microswitch-aided programs to support physical exercise or adequate ambulation in persons with multiple disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Microswitch-aided programs; Head movements; Arms movements; Ambulation; Toe walking; Multiple disabilities ID PROFOUND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IDIOPATHIC TOE WALKING; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SELF-DETERMINATION; SOCIAL VALIDATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION; ASSISTING PEOPLE; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Three microswitch-aided programs were assessed in three single-case studies to enhance physical exercise or ambulation in participants with multiple disabilities. Study I was aimed at helping a woman who tended to have the head bending forward and the arms down to exercise a combination of appropriate head and arms movements. Study II was aimed at promoting ambulation continuity with a man who tended to have ambulation breaks. Study III was aimed at promoting ambulation with appropriate foot position in a girl who usually showed toe walking. The experimental designs of the studies consisted of a multiple probe across responses (Study I), an ABAB sequence (Study II), and an ABABB(1) sequence (Study III). The last phase of each study was followed by a post-intervention check. The microswitches monitored the target responses selected for the participants and triggered a computer system to provide preferred stimuli contingent on those responses during the intervention phases of the studies. Data showed that the programs were effective with each of the participants who learned to exercise head and arms movements, increased ambulation continuity, and acquired high levels of appropriate foot position during ambulation, respectively. The positive performance levels were retained during the post-intervention checks. The discussion focused on (a) the potential of technology-aided programs for persons with multiple disabilities and (b) the need of replication studies to extend the evidence available in the area. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lancioni, Giulio E.] Univ Bari, I-70100 Bari, Italy. [Singh, Nirbhay N.] Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA USA. [O'Reilly, Mark F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sigafoos, Jeff] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. [Alberti, Gloria; Perilli, Viviana; Oliva, Doretta] Lega F DOro Res Ctr, Osimo, Italy. [Alberti, Gloria; Perilli, Viviana; Oliva, Doretta] Lega F DOro Res Ctr, Lesmo, Italy. [Buono, Serafino] IRCCS Oasi Troina, Troina Enna, Italy. RP Lancioni, GE (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dept Neurosci & Sense Organs, Via Quintino Sella 268, I-70100 Bari, Italy. 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Gallagher, Stephen TI Social support and mastery influence the association between stress and poor physical health in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Parents; Developmental disability; Physical health; Mastery; Social support; Stress ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; YOUNG-ADULTS; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; SYNDROME SPECIFICITY; EXPRESSED EMOTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; PERCEIVED STRESS; RECEIVED SUPPORT AB To date, much of the research linking the stress of caring for children with developmental disabilities (e.g. Autism & Down syndrome) with parental health outcomes have tended to concentrate on mental health with less attention paid to the physical health consequences. Thus, this study sought to explore the psychosocial predictors of poor physical health in these caring parents. One hundred and sixty-seven parents (109 caregivers and 58 control parents) completed measures of stress, child problem behaviours, social support, mastery and physical health. Parents of children with developmental disabilities had poorer physical health compared to control parents. Stress and mastery, but not social support and problem behaviours, were significant predictors of poor physical health within caring parents for children with developmental disabilities. However, the association between mastery and physical health was mediated by perceived stress such that those parents who were higher on mastery reported less stress and better physical health; furthermore, the association between stress and physical health was moderated by social support; those parents high on social support and low in stress had better physical health. 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Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2215 EP 2223 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.012 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK1MM UT WOS:000338179200031 PM 24927515 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Blair, KSC Lim, KW AF Kim, Mi-seon Blair, Kwang-Sun Cho Lim, Kyoung-won TI Using tablet assisted Social Stories (TM) to improve classroom behavior for adolescents with intellectual disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Tablet; Multimedia; Social Stories (TM); Intellectual disabilities; Problem behavior; Academic engagement ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SPEECH-GENERATING DEVICE; 2 STUDENTS; CHILDREN; SKILLS; IPOD; IPAD; INDIVIDUALS; INSTRUCTION; ENGAGEMENT AB The present study examined the use of tablet assisted Social Stories (TM) intervention for three high school students with severe intellectual disabilities whose problem behavior interfered with their learning and caused classroom disruptions. 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M., 1991, SYSTEMATIC SCREENING Zaranis N., 2013, CREATIVE ED, V4, P1 NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2241 EP 2251 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.011 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK1MM UT WOS:000338179200034 PM 24927518 ER PT J AU Konst, MJ Matson, JL Goldin, R Rieske, R AF Konst, Matthew J. Matson, Johnny L. Goldin, Rachel Rieske, Robert TI How does ASD symptomology correlate with ADHD presentations? SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Tantrum behavior; Autism Spectrum Disorders - Comorbidity for Children (ASD-CC); Comorbidity ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DSM-IV-TR; SEVERE RETARDATION MESSIER; SOCIAL-SKILLS; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION AB Elevated rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been documented in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population. However, the recent restructuring of the ASD diagnostic category and its respective symptom structure has elicited concern about how these changes may impact prevalence rates, the deliverance of services, and the rates of comorbid psychopathology. At present, few researchers have investigated the prevalence rates of specific ADHD presentations within ASD populations. As we seek to increase our understanding of ADHD symptom manifestation in ASD populations it is important to establish base rates of attention and hyperactive symptoms. The current manuscript sought to investigate the prevalence of inattention and impulsive symptoms in 1722 infants and toddlers. Individuals were separated into three diagnostic groups for analyses, a DSM-5 ASD group, an atypically developing group, and a DSM-IV-TR ASD group. Initial analysis extended previous research by demonstrating significantly elevated rates of inattention/impulsive symptoms in toddlers meeting DSM-5 criteria for ASD when compared to the DSM-IV-TR ASD and atypically developing groups. Additional analysis demonstrated that ASD symptom severity was positively correlated with inattention/impulsive symptoms regardless of primary diagnosis. Lastly, analyses examined the exhibition of inattention and impulsive symptoms separately within diagnostic groups. 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Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2252 EP 2259 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.017 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK1MM UT WOS:000338179200035 PM 24929307 ER PT J AU El-Ansary, A Al-Ayadhi, L AF El-Ansary, Afaf Al-Ayadhi, Laila TI Relative abundance of short chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids in propionic acid-induced autistic features in rat pups as potential markers in autism SO LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Propionic acid; Rodent model; Autism; Short chain fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Relative values ID NF-KAPPA-B; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; NA+ CHANNELS; GLIOMA-CELLS; BRAIN; METABOLISM AB Background: Fatty acids are essential dietary nutrients, and one of their important roles is providing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for the growth and function of nervous tissue. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a group of compounds derived from the host microbiome that were recently linked to effects on the gut, the brain, and behavior. They are therefore linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Reduced levels of PUFAs are associated with impairments in cognitive and behavioral performance, which are particularly important during brain development. Recent studies suggest that omega -3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are involved in neurogenesis, neurotransmission, and protection from oxidative stress. Omega-3 PUFAs mediate some of these effects by antagonizing Omega-6 PUFA (arachidonic acid, AA)-induced proinflammatory prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) formation. Methods: In this work, the absolute and relative concentrations of propionic (PPA), butyric and acetic acids, as well as PUFAs and their precursors (alpha-Linolenic and linoleic), were measured in the brain tissue of PPA-neurointoxicated rat pups (receiving 250 mg PPA/Kg body weight for 3 consecutive days) as a rodent model with persistent autistic features compared with healthy controls. Results: The data revealed remarkably lower levels of omega6/omega3, alpha-Linolenic/Linoleic, alpha-Linolenic/EPA, alpha-Linolenic/DHA, EPA/DHA, and AA/Linoleic acid ratios in PPA-intoxicated rats. The role of these impaired ratios is discussed in relation to the activity of desaturases and elongases, which are the two enzymatic groups involved in the synthesis of PUFAs from their precursors. The relationship between the abnormal relative concentrations of the studied fatty acids and oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and neuroinflammation is also discussed in detail. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that fatty acid ratios are useful for understanding the mechanism of PPA neurotoxicity in a rodent model of autism. Therefore, it is possible to use these ratios for predictions in patients with this disorder. C1 [El-Ansary, Afaf] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. [El-Ansary, Afaf; Al-Ayadhi, Laila] Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [El-Ansary, Afaf; Al-Ayadhi, Laila] King Saud Univ, Shaik AL Amodi Autism Res Chair, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. [Al-Ayadhi, Laila] King Saud Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. [El-Ansary, Afaf] Natl Res Ctr, Dept Med Chem, Cairo, Egypt. RP El-Ansary, A (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, POB 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. EM elansary@ksu.edu.sa FU Research Center of the Center for Female Scientific and Medical Colleges in King Saud University FX This research project was supported by a grant from the Research Center of the Center for Female Scientific and Medical Colleges in King Saud University. 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PD AUG 31 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 140 DI 10.1186/1476-511X-13-140 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AP2HH UT WOS:000341892800001 PM 25175350 ER PT J AU Gerlai, R AF Gerlai, Robert TI Social behavior of zebrafish: From synthetic images to biological mechanisms of shoaling SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE Ontogenesis and mechanisms of shoaling; Social behavior; Zebrafish; Alcoholism; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DANIO-RERIO; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEMS; FISH; EXPOSURE; EXPRESSION; BRAIN; MODEL; NEUROCHEMISTRY; QUANTIFICATION AB The zebrafish strikes a good balance between system complexity and practical simplicity and as a result it is becoming increasingly frequently utilized in biomedical research as a translational tool. Numerous human brain disorders are associated with abnormal social behavior and the zebrafish has been suggested for modeling such disorders. To start this line of research, however, one may need to first thoroughly examine the laboratory organism, zebrafish, and its features, social behavior in this case. Proper methods need be developed to induce and quantify social behavior. These paradigms maybe able to open a window to the brain and facilitate the understanding of the biological mechanisms of social behavior and its abnormalities. This review is based on an oral paper presented at the last Measuring Behavior Conference, and as such it is mainly focused on research conducted in my own laboratory. Tracing the temporal progression of our own work, it discusses questions including what shoaling is, how it can be induced and measured and how it can be utilized in the modeling of certain human brain disorders, for example, alcohol induced abnormalities. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Gerlai, R (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, 3359 Mississauga Rd North,Rm DV4023C, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. 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Neurosci. Methods PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 234 SI SI BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.04.028 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO0GE UT WOS:000340986300007 PM 24793400 ER PT J AU Seffer, D Schwarting, RKW Wohr, M AF Seffer, Dominik Schwarting, Rainer K. W. Woehr, Markus TI Pro-social ultrasonic communication in rats: Insights from playback studies SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE Ultrasonic communication; Ultrasonic vocalizations; Social behavior; Animal model; Autism; Schizophrenia ID ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIOR; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FEMALE RATS; STIMULUS CONFIGURATION; CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION; 50-KHZ VOCALIZATIONS; JUVENILE RATS; MOUSE MODELS; ALARM CRIES AB Rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) serve as situation-dependent affective signals and convey important communicative functions. In the rat, three major USV types exist: (I) 40-kHz USV, which are emitted by pups during social isolation: (II) 22-kHz USV, which are produced by juvenile and adult rats in aversive situations, including social defeat: and (III) 50-kHz USV, which are uttered by juvenile and adult rats in appetitive situations, including rough-and-tumble play. Here, evidence for a communicative function of 50-kHz USV is reviewed, focusing on findings obtained in the recently developed 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm. Up to now, the following five acoustic stimuli were tested in this paradigm: (A) natural 50-kHz USV, (B) natural 22-kHz USV, (C) artificial 50-kHz sine wave tones, (D) artificial time- and amplitude-matched white noise, and (E) background noise. All studies using the 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm indicate that 50-kHz USV serve a pro-social affiliative function as social contact calls. While playback of the different kinds of acoustic stimuli used so far elicited distinct behavioral response patterns, 50-kHz USV consistently led to social approach behavior in the recipient, indicating that pro-social ultrasonic communication can be studied in a reliable and highly standardized manner by means of the 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm. This appears to be particularly relevant for rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders, as there is a tremendous need for reliable behavioral assays with face validity to social communication deficits seen in autism and schizophrenia in order to study underlying genetic and neurobiological alterations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seffer, Dominik; Schwarting, Rainer K. W.; Woehr, Markus] Univ Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Wohr, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Gutenbergstr 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. 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Woehr, Markus TI Repetitive behaviors in the Shank1 knockout mouse model for autism spectrum disorder: Developmental aspects and effects of social context SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE Animal model; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Postsynaptic density; Repetitive behavior; Marble burying; Self-grooming ID SCAFFOLDING PROTEIN SHANK3; FEMALE HOUSE MICE; ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; SCENT-MARKING; SEX-PHEROMONE; MUS-MUSCULUS; MUTANT MICE; MUTATIONS AB Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social behavior and communication, together with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Several ASD candidate genes have been identified, including the SHANK gene family with its three family members SHANK1, SHANK2, and SHANK3. Methods: Typically, repetitive behavior in mouse models for ASD is assessed by measuring self-grooming behavior. The first aim of the current study was to assess repetitive behaviors in Shank1(-/-) null mutant, Shank1(+/-) heterozygous, and Shank1(+/+) wildtype littermate control mice by means of a comprehensive approach, including the assessment of self-grooming, digging behavior, and marble burying. The second aim was to establish a test paradigm that allows for assessing the effects of social context on the occurrence of repetitive behaviors in a genotype-dependent manner. To this aim, repetitive behaviors were repeatedly tested on three consecutive days in distinct social contexts, namely in presence or absence of social odors. Results: Shank1(+/-) heterozygous and to a lesser extent Shank1(-/-) null mutant mice displayed slightly elevated levels of self-grooming behavior as adults, but not as juveniles, with genotype differences being most prominent in the social context. In contrast to elevated self-grooming behavior, marble burying was strongly reduced in adult Shank1(+/-) heterozygous and Shank1(-/-) null mutant mice across social contexts, as compared to adult Shank1(+/+) wildtype littermate controls. Conclusion: The opposite effects of the Shank1 deletion on the two types of repetitive behaviors are in line with a number of studies on repetitive behaviors in other genetic Shank models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sungur, A. Oezge; Voerckel, Karl J.; Schwarting, Rainer K. W.; Woehr, Markus] Philipps Univ Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Wohr, M (reprint author), Philipps Univ Marburg, Gutenbergstr 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM markus.woehr@staff.uni-marburg.de FU German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [DFG WO 1732/1-1] FX This work was supported by a grant by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) to M.W. (DFG WO 1732/1-1). The authors wish to thank Jacqueline Crawley, University of California Davis School of Medicine, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigators Albert Hung and Morgan Sheng for providing the Shank1 mouse line. The authors also wish to thank Clara Krzikalla and Max Rollwage for their help in data acquisition. 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Methods PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 234 SI SI BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.003 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO0GE UT WOS:000340986300011 PM 24820912 ER PT J AU Riedel, A Maier, S Ulbrich, M Biscaldi, M Ebert, D Fangmeier, T Perlov, E van Elst, LT AF Riedel, Andreas Maier, Simon Ulbrich, Melanie Biscaldi, Monica Ebert, Dieter Fangmeier, Thomas Perlov, Evgeniy van Elst, Ludger Tebartz TI No significant brain volume decreases or increases in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and above average intelligence: A voxel-based morphometric study SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Asperger's syndrome; Voxel-based morphometry (VBM); High IQ ID ROSTRAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SEX-DIFFERENCES; METAANALYSIS; VERSION; MATTER; SCALE; MRI; ABNORMALITIES AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly being recognized as an important issue in adult psychiatry and psychotherapy. High intelligence indicates overall good brain functioning and might thus present a particularly good opportunity to study possible cerebral correlates of core autistic features in terms of impaired social cognition, communication skills, the need for routines, and circumscribed interests. Anatomical MRI data sets for 30 highly intelligent patients with high-functioning autism and 30 pairwise-matched control subjects were acquired and analyzed with voxel-based morphometry. The gray matter volume of the pairwise-matched patients and the controls did not differ significantly. When correcting for total brain volume influences, the patients with ASD exhibited smaller left superior frontal volumes on a trend level. Heterogeneous volumetric findings in earlier studies might partly be explained by study samples biased by a high inclusion rate of secondary forms of ASD, which often go along with neuronal abnormalities. Including only patients with high IQ scores might have decreased the influence of secondary forms of ASD and might explain the absence of significant volumetric differences between the patients and the controls in this study. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Riedel, Andreas; Ulbrich, Melanie; Ebert, Dieter; Fangmeier, Thomas; Perlov, Evgeniy; van Elst, Ludger Tebartz] Univ Freiburg, Clin Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Sect Expt Neuropsychiat, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Riedel, Andreas; Ebert, Dieter; Fangmeier, Thomas; van Elst, Ludger Tebartz] Univ Freiburg, Clin Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Univ Zentrum Autismus Spektrum, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Maier, Simon; van Elst, Ludger Tebartz] Univ Med Ctr Freiburg, Freiburg Brain Imaging, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Maier, Simon] Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 3, Fac Biol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Biscaldi, Monica] Univ Freiburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Maier, S (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Freiburg, Freiburg Brain Imaging, Breisacher Str 64, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. EM simon.maier@uniklinik-freiburg.de FU Federal Ministry of Education and Research [BMBF 01GV0606] FX We thank Christoph Kaller for providing help and codes for the pair-wise matching procedure. Part of the study was supported by a grant from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research to LTVE (BMBF 01GV0606 to LTvE). 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Neuroimaging PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 223 IS 2 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.05.013 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM6ZK UT WOS:000340014300003 PM 24953998 ER PT J AU Chantiluke, K Christakou, A Murphy, CM Giampietro, V Daly, EM Ecker, C Brammer, M Murphy, DG Rubia, K AF Chantiluke, Kaylita Christakou, Anastasia Murphy, Clodagh M. Giampietro, Vincent Daly, Eileen M. Ecker, Christina Brammer, Michael Murphy, Declan G. Rubia, Katya CA MRC Aims Consortium TI Disorder-specific functional abnormalities during temporal discounting in youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism and comorbid ADHD and Autism SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE ADHD; Autism; ASD; fMRI; Temporal discounting ID DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DECISION-MAKING; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BRAIN ACTIVATION; FMRI; CHILDREN; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; CORTEX AB Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often comorbid and share cognitive abnormalities in temporal foresight. A key question is whether shared cognitive phenotypes are based on common or different underlying pathophysiologies and whether comorbid patients have, additive neurofunctional deficits, resemble one of the disorders or have a different pathophysiology. We compared age- and IQ-matched boys with non-comorbid ADHD (18), non-comorbid ASD (15), comorbid ADHD and ASD (13) and healthy controls (18) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a temporal discounting task. Only the ASD and the comorbid groups discounted delayed rewards more steeply. The fMRI data showed both shared and disorder-specific abnormalities in the three groups relative to controls in their brain-behaviour associations. The comorbid group showed both unique and more severe brain-discounting associations than controls and the non-comorbid patient groups in temporal discounting areas of ventromedial and lateral prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum and anterior cingulate, suggesting that comorbidity is neither an endophenocopy of the two pure disorders nor an additive pathology. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Chantiluke, Kaylita; Murphy, Clodagh M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Murphy, Clodagh M.; Daly, Eileen M.; Ecker, Christina; Murphy, Declan G.; Rubia, Katya] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Sackler Inst Translat Neurodev, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Murphy, Clodagh M.; Daly, Eileen M.; Ecker, Christina; Murphy, Declan G.; Rubia, Katya] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Giampietro, Vincent; Brammer, Michael] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Neuroimaging, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Christakou, Anastasia] Univ Reading, Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neurodynam, Reading, Berks, England. [Christakou, Anastasia] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading, Berks, England. RP Rubia, K (reprint author), MRC Ctr Social Genet & Dev Psychiat SGDP, Dept Child Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, PO46,16 De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM katya.rubia@kcl.ac.uk RI Williams, Steve/D-6979-2011; Ecker, Christine/E-5194-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X FU Medical Research Council [MRC GO300155]; MRC UK Autism Imaging Multicentre Study [G0400061]; MRC [G0300155]; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London FX This study was supported by Grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC GO300155) to Prof. Katya Rubia and the MRC UK Autism Imaging Multicentre Study (G0400061) to Prof. Declan Murphy. Dr. Anastasia Christakou was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from MRC G0300155. Kaylita Chantiluke was supported by a Ph.D. studentship from the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. 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Neuroimaging PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 223 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.04.006 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM6ZK UT WOS:000340014300008 PM 24929553 ER PT J AU Papadopoulos, N McGinley, JL Bradshaw, JL Rinehart, NJ AF Papadopoulos, Nicole McGinley, Jennifer L. Bradshaw, John L. Rinehart, Nicole J. TI An investigation of gait in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A case controlled study SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ADHD; Autism; Gait; Social-communication disturbance; Inattention ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MOTOR; ADHD; PERFORMANCE; TASK; DISTURBANCE; CEREBELLUM; BOYS AB This study aimed to compare the gait of children with ADHD - Combined Type (ADHD-CT) to typically developing (TD) children. Children with ADHD-CT (n=14; mean age 10 years 4 months) and a TD group (n=13; mean age 10 years 9 months) walked at self-selected slow, preferred and fast speed on an electronic walkway system. Participants completed a total of 15 walking trials; 5 trials per walking condition. Groups were matched on age, intellectual functioning, height and weight. In the preferred walking condition, there was no difference in spatio-temporal gait variables between the ADHD-CT and TD control groups. At self-selected fast speed, children with ADHD-CT were faster and walked with a higher cadence. The subtle alterations in gait pattern that may reflect a timing deficit is consistent with previous ADHD motor studies. In addition, this study extends previous studies in characterising the unique gait profile of non-medicated children with ADHD-CT where a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder has been ruled out. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Papadopoulos, Nicole; Bradshaw, John L.; Rinehart, Nicole J.] Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Sch Psychol & Psychiat, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [McGinley, Jennifer L.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [McGinley, Jennifer L.] Southern Hlth, Clin Res Ctr Movement & Gait Disorders, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Papadopoulos, Nicole; Rinehart, Nicole J.] Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Deakin Child Study Ctr, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. RP Papadopoulos, N (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Burwood Campus,Melbourne Burwood Campus, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. 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PD AUG 30 PY 2014 VL 218 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.037 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AK7GZ UT WOS:000338598000009 PM 24837426 ER PT J AU Corbett, BA Newsom, C Key, AP Qualls, LR Edmiston, EK AF Corbett, Blythe A. Newsom, Cassandra Key, Alexandra P. Qualls, Lydia R. Edmiston, E. Kale TI Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Play; Ecological validity; Neuropsychology; Face memory ID ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; RECOGNITION; EMOTIONS; BRAIN; ADOLESCENTS; MOTIVATION; COGNITION; CORTISOL; IDENTITY AB Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairment in reciprocal social communication, which includes deficits in social cognition and behavior. Since social cognition and social behavior are considered to be interdependent, it is valuable to examine social processes on multiple levels of analysis. Neuropsychological measures of face processing often reveal deficits in social cognition in ASD including the ability to identify and remember facial information. However, the extent to which neuropsychological measures are associated with or predictive of real-world social behavior is unclear. Methods: The study investigated 66 children (ASD 34, typically developing (TD) 32) using neuropsychological measures of face processing (identity, affect, and memory). Children also participated in a peer interaction paradigm, which allowed observation and coding of natural social interaction behaviors during play with peers (e. g., Self-Play, Cooperative Play, Verbal Bout). ANCOVA, regression, and correlation models analyzed between-group differences, the ability of neuropsychological measures to predict social behavior, and the strength of the associations. Results: Between-group differences were shown on Memory for Faces Delayed and the peer interaction variables Self-Play and Verbal Bout. Regression models indicated that Memory for Faces Delayed predicted the amount of Self-Play, Equipment use alone, and Cooperative Play with peers on the playground. Autism symptomology only predicted verbal exchange with peers. Conclusions: Face memory strongly predicts relevant social engagement patterns in both children with and without ASD. Impairment in facial memory is associated with reduced 'real-world' social interaction and more self-play, whereas higher performance in face memory predicts more cooperative play. Results highlight the strong connection between face memory and reciprocal social interaction, suggesting that improvement in one may benefit the other. C1 [Corbett, Blythe A.; Newsom, Cassandra; Qualls, Lydia R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Corbett, Blythe A.; Newsom, Cassandra; Key, Alexandra P.; Qualls, Lydia R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Corbett, Blythe A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Newsom, Cassandra] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Key, Alexandra P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Hearing & Speech Sci, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Edmiston, E. Kale] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Brain Inst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Corbett, BA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, PMB 40,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM blythe.corbett@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [MH085717]; National Institute of Child Development (NICHD) [P30 HD15052]; CTSA award, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1TR000445] FX The study was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) MH085717 awarded to Blythe Corbett, a grant from the National Institute of Child Development (NICHD) P30 HD15052 awarded to the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center and a CTSA award No. UL1TR000445 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. The NIMH and NICHD did not have any involvement in the design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. 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Agarwal, Raj MacFabe, Derrick F. La Gamma, Edmund F. TI Enteric Bacterial Metabolites Propionic and Butyric Acid Modulate Gene Expression, Including CREB-Dependent Catecholaminergic Neurotransmission, in PC12 Cells - Possible Relevance to Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE GENE; GLUTATHIONE REDOX IMBALANCE; RAT DISTAL COLON; VALPROIC ACID; RODENT MODEL; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HISTONE-DEACETYLASE; GUT MICROBIOTA; MESSENGER-RNA AB Alterations in gut microbiome composition have an emerging role in health and disease including brain function and behavior. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) like propionic (PPA), and butyric acid (BA), which are present in diet and are fermentation products of many gastrointestinal bacteria, are showing increasing importance in host health, but also may be environmental contributors in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Further to this we have shown SCFA administration to rodents over a variety of routes (intracerebroventricular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal) or developmental time periods can elicit behavioral, electrophysiological, neuropathological and biochemical effects consistent with findings in ASD patients. SCFA are capable of altering host gene expression, partly due to their histone deacetylase inhibitor activity. We have previously shown BA can regulate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels in a PC12 cell model. Since monoamine concentration is known to be elevated in the brain and blood of ASD patients and in many ASD animal models, we hypothesized that SCFA may directly influence brain monoaminergic pathways. When PC12 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids having a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the TH promoter, PPA was found to induce reporter gene activity over a wide concentration range. CREB transcription factor(s) was necessary for the transcriptional activation of TH gene by PPA. At lower concentrations PPA also caused accumulation of TH mRNA and protein, indicative of increased cell capacity to produce catecholamines. PPA and BA induced broad alterations in gene expression including neurotransmitter systems, neuronal cell adhesion molecules, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function, all of which have been implicated in ASD. In conclusion, our data are consistent with a molecular mechanism through which gut related environmental signals such as increased levels of SCFA's can epigenetically modulate cell function further supporting their role as environmental contributors to ASD. C1 [Nankova, Bistra B.; Agarwal, Raj; La Gamma, Edmund F.] Maria Fareri Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [MacFabe, Derrick F.] Univ Western Ontario, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, Dept Psychol Neurosci, London, ON, Canada. [MacFabe, Derrick F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychiat, Div Dev Disabil, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Nankova, BB (reprint author), Maria Fareri Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. EM bistra_nankova@nymc.edu FU Children's Research Foundation; Children's and Women's Physicians of Westchester (CWPW); GoodLife's Children's Foundation; Autism Research Institute FX Children's Research Foundation and Children's and Women's Physicians of Westchester (CWPW) to BN and ELG; GoodLife's Children's Foundation and Autism Research Institute to DM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Both microstructure and length of these limbic tracts can be affected by mental disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, autism, anxiety, and schizophrenia. To date, there has been little systematic characterization of their microstructure, length, and functional connectivity in normally developing brains. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 65 normally developing right-handed subjects from birth to young adulthood was acquired. After cingulate gyrus part of the cingulum (cgc), hippocampal part of the cingulum (cgh) and fornix (fx) were traced with DTI tractography, absolute and normalized tract lengths and DTI-derived metrics including fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity were measured for traced limbic tracts. Free water elimination (EWE) algorithm was adopted to improve accuracy of the measurements of DTI-derived metrics. The role of these limbic tracts in the functional network at birth and adulthood was explored. We found a logarithmic age-dependent trajectory for EWE-corrected DTI metric changes with fast increase of microstructural integrity from birth to 2 years old followed by a slow increase to 25 years old. Normalized tract length of cgc increases with age, while no significant relationship with age was found for normalized tract lengths of cgh and fx. Stronger microstructural integrity on the left side compared to that of the right side was found. With integrated DTI and rs-fMRI, the key connectional role of cgc and cgh in the default mode network was confirmed as early as birth. Systematic characterization of length and DTI metrics after EWE correction of limbic tracts offers insight into their morphological and microstructural developmental trajectories. These trajectories may serve as a normal reference for pediatric patients with mental disorders. C1 [Yu, Qiaowen; Liu, Shuwei] Shandong Univ, Sch Med, Res Ctr Sect & Imaging Anat, Shandong Prov Key Lab Mental Disorders, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Yu, Qiaowen; Mishra, Virendra; Ouyang, Austin; Huang, Hao] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Adv Imag Res Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Peng, Yun; Li, Hang; Zhang, Hong] Capital Med Univ, Beijing Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Min] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Math Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Huang, Hao] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Radiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Liu, SW (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Med, Res Ctr Sect & Imaging Anat, Shandong Prov Key Lab Mental Disorders, 44 West Wenhua Rd, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM liusw@sdu.edu.cn; hao.huang@utsouthwestern.edu FU NIH [MH092535, MH092535-S1]; Natural Science Foundation of China [31271161, 31071050]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20120131130008] FX This study is sponsored by NIH (MH092535 and MH092535-S1), Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31271161 and 31071050), and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20120131130008). 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I., 1967, REGIONAL DEV BRAIN E, P3 NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1663-4365 J9 FRONT AGING NEUROSCI JI Front. Aging Neurosci. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 6 AR 228 DI 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00228 PG 13 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN9NT UT WOS:000340934400001 PM 25221509 ER PT J AU Weinstein, TAR Bales, KL Maninger, N Hostetler, CM Capitanio, JP AF Weinstein, Tamara A. R. Bales, Karen L. Maninger, Nicole Hostetler, Caroline M. Capitanio, John P. TI Early involvement in friendships predicts later plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin in juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) SO FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE affiliation; friendship; oxytocin; rhesus macaque; social behavior; vasopressin ID MALE PRAIRIE VOLES; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; WILD FEMALE BABOONS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE AB The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are involved in social bonding in attachment relationships, but their role in friendship is poorly understood. We investigated whether rhesus macaques' (Macaca mulatta) friendships at age one predicted plasma OT and AVP at two later time points. Subjects were 54 rhesus macaques at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC). Blood was drawn during a brief capture-and-release in the home cage, and plasma assayed for OT and AVP using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Separate linear mixed models for each sex tested the effects of dominance rank, age, sampling time point, housing condition, parturition status, two blood draw timing measures, and five friendship types: proximity friendships, play friendships, reciprocal friendships (a preference for a peer that also preferred the subject), multiplex friendships (friendships displayed in more than one behavioral domain), and total number of friendships. Females' number of reciprocal and play friendships at age one significantly predicted later OT, additionally, these two friendship types interacted with rank, such that high-ranking females with the fewest friendships had the highest OT concentrations. Friendship did not predict later OT levels in males, however proximity, play, reciprocal, and total number of friendships predicted males' plasma AVP. Play and total number of friendships also tended to predict AVP in females. Our results show that peripheral measures of neuroendocrine functioning in juvenile rhesus monkeys are influenced by early involvement in friendships. Friendships have an especially strong impact on an individual's psychosocial development, and our data suggest OT and AVP as potential underlying mechanisms. Moreover, sex differences in the functioning of the OT and AVP systems, and their relation to friendship, may have important clinical implications for the use of OT as a therapeutic, as well as informing the social context in which it is administered. C1 [Weinstein, Tamara A. R.; Bales, Karen L.; Maninger, Nicole; Hostetler, Caroline M.; Capitanio, John P.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hostetler, Caroline M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Weinstein, TAR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tarweinstein@ucdavis.edu FU NIH [RR00169, RR019970, MH20006, HD053555, HD071998]; NSF; Good Nature Institute FX We are very grateful to Laura Del Rosso, Erna Tarara., Isabel Shelton-Mottsmith, Christine Brennan, Katie Hinde, and Susie Kang for assisting with data collection, and to the CNPRC animal care staff for their help with Mood sampling, animal identification, and accommodating our research schedule. This work was supported by NIH grant RR00169 to the CNPRC and NIH grant RR019970 to John P. Capitanio. While conducting this research, Tamara A. R. Weinstein was supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and by the NIH training grant MH20006. During the writing of this paper, Karen L. Bales was funded by NIH grants HD053555 and HD071998, and the Good Nature Institute. 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Neurosci. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 295 DI 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00295 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN9DY UT WOS:000340907400001 PM 25221489 ER PT J AU Wilkins, RW Hodges, DA Laurienti, PJ Steen, M Burdette, JH AF Wilkins, R. W. Hodges, D. A. Laurienti, P. J. Steen, M. Burdette, J. H. TI Network Science and the Effects of Music Preference on Functional Brain Connectivity: From Beethoven to Eminem SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DEFAULT MODE NETWORK; SMALL-WORLD; EMOTIONAL RESPONSES; MEMORY; AUTISM; CONSCIOUSNESS; PERSONALITY; CORRELATE; PLEASANT; DISEASE AB Most people choose to listen to music that they prefer or 'like' such as classical, country or rock. Previous research has focused on how different characteristics of music (i.e., classical versus country) affect the brain. Yet, when listening to preferred music-regardless of the type-people report they often experience personal thoughts and memories. To date, understanding how this occurs in the brain has remained elusive. Using network science methods, we evaluated differences in functional brain connectivity when individuals listened to complete songs. We show that a circuit important for internally-focused thoughts, known as the default mode network, was most connected when listening to preferred music. We also show that listening to a favorite song alters the connectivity between auditory brain areas and the hippocampus, a region responsible for memory and social emotion consolidation. Given that musical preferences are uniquely individualized phenomena and that music can vary in acoustic complexity and the presence or absence of lyrics, the consistency of our results was unexpected. These findings may explain why comparable emotional and mental states can be experienced by people listening to music that differs as widely as Beethoven and Eminem. The neurobiological and neurorehabilitation implications of these results are discussed. C1 [Wilkins, R. W.; Laurienti, P. J.; Steen, M.; Burdette, J. H.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Lab Complex Brain Networks, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Wilkins, R. W.] Univ N Carolina, Gateway MRI Ctr, Joint Sch Nanosci & Nanoengn, Neuroimaging Lab Complex Syst, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. [Wilkins, R. W.; Hodges, D. A.] Univ N Carolina, Mus Res Inst, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. RP Wilkins, RW (reprint author), Wake Forest Sch Med, Lab Complex Brain Networks, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. 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W., 2012, LEONARDO, V45 Zatorre RJ, 2003, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V999, P4, DOI 10.1196/annals.1284.001 NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6130 DI 10.1038/srep06130 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN9NZ UT WOS:000340935000001 PM 25167363 ER PT J AU Kashihara, K AF Kashihara, Koji TI A brain-computer interface for potential non-verbal facial communication based on EEG signals related to specific emotions SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE neutral faces; source localization; aversive conditioning; face recognition; electroencephalogram; brain computer interfaces ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; HUMAN NEURAL SYSTEM; FACE PERCEPTION; RECOGNITION; AMYGDALA; CORTEX; PROSOPAGNOSIA; EXPRESSIONS; PERFORMANCE; SYNCHRONY AB Unlike assistive technology for verbal communication, the brain-machine or brain-computer interface (BMI/BCI) has not been established as a non-verbal communication tool for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Face-to-face communication enables access to rich emotional information, but individuals suffering from neurological disorders, such as ALS and autism, may not express their emotions or communicate their negative feelings. Although emotions may be inferred by looking at facial expressions, emotional prediction for neutral faces necessitates advanced judgment. The process that underlies brain neuronal responses to neutral faces and causes emotional changes remains unknown. To address this problem, therefore, this study attempted to decode conditioned emotional reactions to neutral face stimuli. This direction was motivated by the assumption that if electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can be used to detect patients' emotional responses to specific inexpressive faces, the results could be incorporated into the design and development of BMI/BCI-based non-verbal communication tools. To these ends, this study investigated how a neutral face associated with a negative emotion modulates rapid central responses in face processing and then identified cortical activities. The conditioned neutral face-triggered event-related potentials that originated from the posterior temporal lobe statistically significantly changed during late face processing (600-700 ms) after stimulus, rather than in early face processing activities, such as P1 and N170 responses. Source localization revealed that the conditioned neutral faces increased activity in the right fusiform gyrus (FG). This study also developed an efficient method for detecting implicit negative emotional responses to specific faces by using EEG signals. A classification method based on a support vector machine enables the easy classification of neutral faces that trigger specific individual emotions. In accordance with this classification, a face on a computer morphs into a sad or displeased countenance. The proposed method could be incorporated as a part of non-verbal communication tools to enable emotional expression. C1 Univ Tokushima, Inst Technol & Sci, Tokushima 7708506, Japan. RP Kashihara, K (reprint author), Univ Tokushima, Inst Technol & Sci, 2-1 Minamijyousanjima, Tokushima 7708506, Japan. EM kashihara.koji@tokushima-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI) [25330171] FX This study was partially funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI, 25330171). The author would like to thank Nagoya University and JST for providing assistance during the EEG experiment. 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These defects are linked to cerebral dysfunction in the visual cortical area characterized by the deregulation of axon growth/guidance and dendrite spine immaturity of neurons. However, visual perception had not been addressed, although the retina is part of the central nervous system with a common embryonic origin. Therefore, we investigated retinal perception, the first event of vision, in a murine model of MD with autistic features. We document that retinal function is altered in Fmr1 KO mice, a model of human Fragile X Syndrome. Indeed, In Fmr1 KO mice had a lower retinal function characterized by a decreased photoreceptors neuron response, due to a 40% decrease in Rhodopsin content and to Rod Outer Segment destabilization. In addition, we observed an alteration of the visual signal transmission between photoreceptors and the inner retina which could be attributed to deregulations of pre- and post-synaptic proteins resulting in retinal neurons synaptic destabilization and to retinal neurons immaturity. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrated that retinal perception is altered in a murine model of MD with autistic features and that there are strong similarities between cerebral and retinal cellular and molecular defects. Our results suggest that both visual perception and integration must be taken into account in assessing visual sensory impairments in MD and ASD. C1 [Rossignol, Rafaelle; Paris, Arnaud; Herzine, Ameziane; Pichon, Jacques; Mortaud, Stephane; Briault, Sylvain; Menuet, Arnaud; Perche, Olivier] CNRS, UMR7355, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Rossignol, Rafaelle; Paris, Arnaud; Herzine, Ameziane; Pichon, Jacques; Mortaud, Stephane; Briault, Sylvain; Menuet, Arnaud; Perche, Olivier] Univ Orleans, Orleans, France. [Perche, Astrid; Laurenceau, David; Briault, Sylvain; Perche, Olivier] Reg Hosp, Dept Genet, Orleans, France. [Ranchon-Cole, Isabelle; Bertrand, Pauline; Cercy, Christine] Univ Clermont 1, Lab Sensorial Biophys, Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Perche, O (reprint author), CNRS, UMR7355, F-45071 Orleans, France. EM operche@cnrs-orleans.fr FU CNRS; Regional Hospital of Orleans; University of Orleans; FEDER [35106]; FRAXA Research Foundation FX Research was supported by CNRS, Regional Hospital of Orleans, University of Orleans, FEDER 35106, and FRAXA Research Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Other Topics GA AN9TR UT WOS:000340952200103 PM 25153086 ER PT J AU Rahbar, MH Samms-Vaughan, M Dickerson, AS Loveland, KA Ardjomand-Hessabi, M Bressler, J Shakespeare-Pellington, S Grove, ML Pearson, DA Boerwinkle, E AF Rahbar, Mohammad H. Samms-Vaughan, Maureen Dickerson, Aisha S. Loveland, Katherine A. Ardjomand-Hessabi, Manouchehr Bressler, Jan Shakespeare-Pellington, Sydonnie Grove, Megan L. Pearson, Deborah A. Boerwinkle, Eric TI Blood manganese concentrations in Jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorders SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Manganese; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Neurodevelopment; Seafood; Vegetables; Jamaica ID HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; DRINKING-WATER; SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION; GENERAL-POPULATION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EXPOSURE; AGE; BIOMARKERS; HAIR AB Background: Manganese is an essential element for human health and development. Previous studies have shown neurotoxic effects in children exposed to higher levels of manganese. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs social interaction and communication. Several studies have hypothesized that ASD is caused through environmental exposures during crucial stages in brain development. We investigated the possible association between blood manganese concentrations (BMC) and ASD. We also identified factors associated with BMC in typically developing (TD) Jamaican children. Methods: We used data from 109 ASD cases with their 1:1 age- and sex-matched TD controls to compare mean BMC in Jamaican children (2-8 years of age) with and without ASD. We administered a pre-tested questionnaire to assess demographic and socioeconomic information, medical history, and potential exposure to manganese. Finally, we collected 2 mL of whole blood from each child for analysis of manganese levels. Using General Linear Models (GLM), we assessed the association between BMC and ASD status. Furthermore, we used two independent sample t-tests to identify factors associated with BMC in TD children. Results: In univariable GLM analysis, we found no significant association between BMC and ASD, (10.9 mu g/L for cases vs. 10.5 mu g/L for controls; P = 0.29). In a multivariable GLM adjusting for paternal age, parental education, place of child's birth (Kingston parish), consumption of root vegetables, cabbage, saltwater fish, and cakes/buns, there was still no significant association between BMC and ASD status, (11.5 mu g/L for cases vs. 11.9 mu g/L for controls; P = 0.48). Our findings also indicated TD children who ate fresh water fish had a higher BMC than children who did not (11.0 mu g/L vs. 9.9 mu g/L; P = 0.03) as younger TD children (i.e., 2 <= age <= 4), (12.0 mu g/L vs. 10.2 mu g/L; P = 0.01). Conclusions: While these results cannot be used to assess early exposure at potentially more susceptible time period, our findings suggest that there is no significant association between manganese exposures and ASD case status in Jamaica. Our findings also indicate that BMC in Jamaican children resemble those of children in the developed world and are much lower than those in the developing countries. C1 [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci EHGES, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rahbar, Mohammad H.] Univ Texas Med Sch Houston, Dept Internal Med, Div Clin & Translat Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Dickerson, Aisha S.; Ardjomand-Hessabi, Manouchehr] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, CCTS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Samms-Vaughan, Maureen; Shakespeare-Pellington, Sydonnie] Univ W Indies, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth, Kingston, Jamaica. [Loveland, Katherine A.; Pearson, Deborah A.] Univ Texas Med Sch Houston, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Bressler, Jan; Grove, Megan L.; Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Human Genet Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rahbar, MH (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci EHGES, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Mohammad.H.Rahbar@uth.tmc.edu FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (NIH-FIC) [R21HD057808]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01ES022165]; NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) [UL1 RR024148]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [UL1 TR000371]; Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component of the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS) FX This research is co-funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (NIH-FIC) by a grant [R21HD057808] as well as National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) by a grant [R01ES022165] awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. We also acknowledge the support provided by the Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component of the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS) for this project. CCTS is mainly funded by the NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) grant (UL1 RR024148), awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 2006 by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and its renewal (UL1 TR000371) by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NICHD or the NIH-FIC or NIEHS or the NCRR or the NCATS. 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Health PD AUG 23 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 69 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-13-69 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AP4KA UT WOS:000342044400001 PM 25149876 ER PT J AU Gazzellone, MJ Zhou, X Lionel, AC Uddin, M Thiruvahindrapuram, B Liang, S Sun, CH Wang, J Zou, MY Tammimies, K Walker, S Selvanayagam, T Wei, J Wang, ZZ Wu, LJ Scherer, SW AF Gazzellone, Matthew J. Zhou, Xue Lionel, Anath C. Uddin, Mohammed Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma Liang, Shuang Sun, Caihong Wang, Jia Zou, Mingyang Tammimies, Kristiina Walker, Susan Selvanayagam, Thanuja Wei, John Wang, Zhuozhi Wu, Lijie Scherer, Stephen W. TI Copy number variation in Han Chinese individuals with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Copy number variations (CNVs); Microarray diagnostic testing; Han Chinese ID MILLER-DIEKER-SYNDROME; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; VARIANTS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; MICRODELETIONS; PHENOTYPES; MUTATIONS; DISCOVERY; FAMILIES AB Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions with a demonstrated genetic etiology. Rare (<1% frequency) copy number variations (CNVs) account for a proportion of the genetic events involved, but the contribution of these events in non-European ASD populations has not been well studied. Here, we report on rare CNVs detected in a cohort of individuals with ASD of Han Chinese background. Methods: DNA samples were obtained from 104 ASD probands and their parents who were recruited from Harbin, China. Samples were genotyped on the Affymetrix CytoScan HD platform. Rare CNVs were identified by comparing data with 873 technology-matched controls from Ontario and 1,235 additional population controls of Han Chinese ethnicity. Results: Of the probands, 8.6% had at least 1 de novo CNV (overlapping the GIGYF2, SPRY1, 16p13.3, 16p11.2, 17p13.3-17p13.2, DMD, and NAP1L6 genes/loci). Rare inherited CNVs affected other plausible neurodevelopmental candidate genes including GRID2, LINGO2, and SLC39A12. A 24-kb duplication was also identified at YWHAE, a gene previously implicated in ASD and other developmental disorders. This duplication is observed at a similar frequency in cases and in population controls and is likely a benign Asian-specific copy number polymorphism. Conclusions: Our findings help define genomic features relevant to ASD in the Han Chinese and emphasize the importance of using ancestry-matched controls in medical genetic interpretations. C1 [Gazzellone, Matthew J.; Zhou, Xue; Lionel, Anath C.; Uddin, Mohammed; Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma; Tammimies, Kristiina; Walker, Susan; Selvanayagam, Thanuja; Wei, John; Wang, Zhuozhi; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada. [Gazzellone, Matthew J.; Zhou, Xue; Lionel, Anath C.; Uddin, Mohammed; Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma; Tammimies, Kristiina; Walker, Susan; Selvanayagam, Thanuja; Wei, John; Wang, Zhuozhi; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning, Program Genet & Genome Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada. [Gazzellone, Matthew J.; Lionel, Anath C.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Gazzellone, Matthew J.; Lionel, Anath C.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Ctr, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Zhou, Xue; Liang, Shuang; Sun, Caihong; Wang, Jia; Zou, Mingyang; Wu, Lijie] Harbin Med Univ, Dept Childrens & Adolescent Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Xue] Heilongjiang Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. [Tammimies, Kristiina] Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Ctr Neurodev Disorders, S-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Scherer, SW (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning, Ctr Appl Genom, 686 Bay St,Room 139800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada. EM stephen.scherer@sickkids.ca RI Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999 FU Centre for Applied Genomics; University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre; NeuroDevNet; Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute [4445]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) [FRN 74527, FRNXGG818]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Government of Ontario [GL2-01-013]; Ontario Brain Institute; Autism Speaks; Ontario Graduate Scholarship; Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship (CIHR-Masters) FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Berivan Baskin and Dr. Peter Ray for scientific advice, Hong Yang Chen for technical assistance, and The Centre for Applied Genomics for support. This project was supported by grants from the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, NeuroDevNet, Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute (Project 4445), the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) (FRN 74527 and FRNXGG818), the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Government of Ontario (GL2-01-013), the Ontario Brain Institute, and Autism Speaks. MJG was supported by the Ontario Graduate Scholarship and a Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship (CIHR-Masters). SWS holds the GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Chair in Genome Sciences at the University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children. 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Losh, Molly TI Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming: evidence of reduced automaticity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Siblings; Language; Rapid automatized naming; Eye tracking; Endophenotype ID DYSLEXIA; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; DISABILITIES; FLUENCY; FAMILY; RISK; RAN AB Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents demonstrate impaired performance in rapid automatized naming (RAN), a task that recruits a variety of linguistic and executive processes. Though the basic processes that contribute to RAN differences remain unclear, eye-voice relationships, as measured through eye tracking, can provide insight into cognitive and perceptual processes contributing to RAN performance. For example, in RAN, eye-voice span (EVS), the distance ahead the eyes are when articulation of a target item's label begins, is an indirect measure of automaticity of the processes underlying RAN. The primary objective of this study was to investigate automaticity in naming processes, as indexed by EVS during RAN. The secondary objective was to characterize RAN difficulties in individuals with ASD and their siblings. Methods: Participants (aged 15-33 years) included 21 individuals with ASD, 23 siblings of individuals with ASD, and 24 control subjects, group-matched on chronological age. Naming time, frequency of errors, and EVS were measured during a RAN task and compared across groups. Results: A stepwise pattern of RAN performance was observed, with individuals with ASD demonstrating the slowest naming across all RAN conditions, controls demonstrating the fastest naming, and siblings demonstrating intermediate performance. Individuals with ASD exhibited smaller EVSs than controls on all RAN conditions, and siblings exhibited smaller EVSs during number naming (the most highly automatized type of naming). EVSs were correlated with naming times in controls only, and only in the more automatized conditions. Conclusions: These results suggest that reduced automaticity in the component processes of RAN may underpin differences in individuals with ASD and their siblings. These findings also provide further support that RAN abilities are impacted by genetic liability to ASD. This study has important implications for understanding the underlying skills contributing to language-related deficits in ASD. C1 [Hogan-Brown, Abigail L.; Losh, Molly] Northwestern Univ, Roxelyn & Richard Pepper Dept Commun Sci & Disord, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hoedemaker, Renske S.; Gordon, Peter C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Losh, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Roxelyn & Richard Pepper Dept Commun Sci & Disord, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-losh@northwestern.edu RI Hogan-Brown, Abigail/I-8091-2012 OI Hogan-Brown, Abigail/0000-0002-2913-7356 FU National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R01DC010191, T32DC009399] FX This study was supported by grants R01DC010191 and T32DC009399 from the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. The study sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. We also acknowledge the support of the Research Participant Registry Core of the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (P30HD03110) for their role in participant recruitment. The authors would like to thank Sejal Shah and Bret Kravis for their assistance with data processing. The authors are also grateful to the individuals and families who participated in this study. 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This yields the suggestions that (1) female cases of autism may be the product of (high genetic loading+moderate environmental exposure) and male cases of (high environmental exposure+moderate genetic loading), (2) one environmental agent is intrauterine testosterone and (3) the mother is the major source of that testosterone. These suggestions may help to explain most of the major established epidemiological risk factors for autism. These include various forms of pathology associated with psychological and/or physical stress. Stress of many sorts promotes the secretion of adrenal androgens in women. The three suggestions above may also explain some recently described features of autism including the psychological, behavioural and neuroanatomical differences between male and female cases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UCL, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, Galton Lab, London WC1 6BT, England. 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These studies have often tested infants who have a significant family history of autism spectrum disorder, given the increased prevalence observed among such infants. In the present study we tested infants at high-and low-risk for ASD (based on having an older sibling diagnosed with the disorder or not) at 6-and 12-months-of-age. We computed intrahemispheric linear coherence between anterior and posterior sites as a measure of neural functional connectivity derived from electroencephalography while the infants were listening to speech sounds. We found that by 12-months-of-age infants at risk for ASD showed reduced functional connectivity compared to low risk infants. Moreover, by 12-months-of-age infants later diagnosed with ASD showed reduced functional connectivity, compared to both infants at low risk for the disorder and infants at high risk who were not later diagnosed with ASD. Significant differences in functional connectivity were also found between low-risk infants and high-risk infants who did not go onto develop ASD. These results demonstrate that reduced functional connectivity appears to be related to genetic vulnerability for ASD. Moreover, they provide further evidence that ASD is broadly characterized by differences in neural integration that emerge during the first year of life. C1 [Righi, Giulia] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Tierney, Adrienne L.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Coll Writing Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tager-Flusberg, Helen] Boston Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nelson, Charles A.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Dev Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nelson, Charles A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nelson, Charles A.] Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nelson, CA (reprint author), Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Dev Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM charles_nelson@harvard.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) [R21 DC 08637]; Autism Speaks; NIDCD [RO1 DC 10290]; Simon's Foundation FX Funding was provided by grant from National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) R21 DC 08637 and Autism Speaks to HTF. Funding was provided by grant NIDCD RO1 DC 10290 and the Simon's Foundation to CAN and HTF. The agencies/funders had NO role in design data analysis or publication. 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Mueller, Sophia Snyder, Abraham Z. Mukherjee, Pratik Berman, Jeffrey I. Roberts, Timothy P. L. Nagarajan, Srikantan S. Spiro, John E. Chung, Wendy K. Sherr, Elliott H. Buckner, Randy L. CA Simons VIP Consortium TI Opposing Brain Differences in 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Carriers SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 16p11.2; ASD; CNV; copy number variation; morphometry; structural MRI ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; WHITE-MATTER; CORTICAL THICKNESS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; NORMAL INDIVIDUALS; COSTELLO SYNDROME; HUMAN NEOCORTEX; CHILDREN; VOLUME AB Deletions and duplications of the recurrent similar to 600 kb chromosomal BP4-BP5 region of 16p11.2 are associated with a broad variety of neurodevelopmental outcomes including autism spectrum disorder. A clue to the pathogenesis of the copy number variant (CNV)'s effect on the brain is that the deletion is associated with a head size increase, whereas the duplication is associated with a decrease. Here we analyzed brain structure in a clinically ascertained group of human deletion (N = 25) and duplication (N = 17) carriers from the Simons Variation in Individuals Project compared with age-matched controls (N = 29 and 33, respectively). Multiple brain measures showed increased size in deletion carriers and reduced size in duplication carriers. The effects spanned global measures of intracranial volume, brain size, compartmental measures of gray matter and white matter, subcortical structures, and the cerebellum. Quantitatively, the largest effect was on the thalamus, but the collective results suggest a pervasive rather than a selective effect on the brain. Detailed analysis of cortical gray matter revealed that cortical surface area displays a strong dose-dependent effect of CNV (deletion > control > duplication), whereas average cortical thickness is less affected. These results suggest that the CNV may exert its opposing influences through mechanisms that influence early stages of embryonic brain development. C1 [Qureshi, Abid Y.; Buckner, Randy L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Qureshi, Abid Y.; Buckner, Randy L.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Brain Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Qureshi, Abid Y.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Buckner, Randy L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Mueller, Sophia; Buckner, Randy L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. [Mueller, Sophia] Univ Munich, Inst Clin Radiol, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Snyder, Abraham Z.] Washington Univ, Sch Med St Louis, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Snyder, Abraham Z.] Washington Univ, Sch Med St Louis, Dept Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Mukherjee, Pratik; Nagarajan, Srikantan S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Sherr, Elliott H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Berman, Jeffrey I.; Roberts, Timothy P. L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Spiro, John E.] Simons Fdn, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Chung, Wendy K.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat & Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Buckner, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Northwest Bldg,Room 280-06,52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM randy_buckner@harvard.edu FU Simons Foundation (SFARI) [219193]; NIH/NINDS [5R25NS065743] FX This work was supported by a Grant from the Simons Foundation (SFARI no. 219193 to R.B.). We thank all of the families at the participating Simons Variation in Individuals Project (VIP) sites, as well as the Simons VIP Consortium. We appreciate obtaining access to phenotypic data on SFARI Base. Approved researchers can obtain the Simons VIP population dataset described in this study by contacting the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. A.Q. was supported by NIH/NINDS 5R25NS065743. We thank Avram Holmes for helpful advice on data analysis and Dr Nicholas Katsanis for insightful discussion. 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Neurosci. PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 34 BP 11199 EP 11211 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1366-14.2014 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO4MI UT WOS:000341312600005 PM 25143601 ER PT J AU Diehl, MM Romanski, LM AF Diehl, Maria M. Romanski, Lizabeth M. TI Responses of Prefrontal Multisensory Neurons to Mismatching Faces and Vocalizations SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE communication; faces; multisensory integration; prefrontal cortex; primate; vocalizations ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; CROSS-MODAL INTEGRATION; AUDITORY-CORTEX; RHESUS-MONKEY; AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH; FRONTAL-CORTEX; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; VISUAL INFORMATION; MACAQUE MONKEYS AB Social communication relies on the integration of auditory and visual information, which are present in faces and vocalizations. Evidence suggests that the integration of information from multiple sources enhances perception compared with the processing of a unimodal stimulus. Our previous studies demonstrated that single neurons in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) respond to and integrate conspecific vocalizations and their accompanying facial gestures. We were therefore interested in how VLPFC neurons respond differentially to matching (congruent) and mismatching (incongruent) faces and vocalizations. We recorded VLPFC neurons during the presentation of movies with congruent or incongruent species-specific facial gestures and vocalizations as well as their unimodal components. Recordings showed that while many VLPFC units are multisensory and respond to faces, vocalizations, or their combination, a subset of neurons showed a significant change in neuronal activity in response to incongruent versus congruent vocalization movies. Among these neurons, we typically observed incongruent suppression during the early stimulus period and incongruent enhancement during the late stimulus period. Incongruent-responsive VLPFC neurons were both bimodal and nonlinear multisensory, fostering their ability to respond to changes in either modality of a face-vocalization stimulus. These results demonstrate that ventral prefrontal neurons respond to changes in either modality of an audiovisual stimulus, which is important in identity processing and for the integration of multisensory communication information. C1 [Diehl, Maria M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Romanski, Lizabeth M.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Romanski, LM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Liz_romanski@urmc.rochester.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DC004845]; Center for Navigation and Communication Sciences [(P30) DC 005409]; Center for Visual Sciences [(P30) EY001319] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health DC004845 (L.M.R.), Center for Navigation and Communication Sciences (P30) DC 005409, and Center for Visual Sciences (P30) EY001319. We thank Mark Diltz, Jaewon Hwang, John Housel, and Christopher Louie for technical assistance and Bethany Plakke for critical comments. 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Neurosci. PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 34 BP 11233 EP 11243 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5168-13.2014 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO4MI UT WOS:000341312600009 PM 25143605 ER PT J AU Demyanenko, GP Mohan, V Zhang, XY Brennaman, LH Dharbal, KES Tran, TS Manis, PB Maness, PF AF Demyanenko, Galina P. Mohan, Vishwa Zhang, Xuying Brennaman, Leann H. Dharbal, Katherine E. S. Tran, Tracy S. Manis, Paul B. Maness, Patricia F. TI Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NrCAM Regulates Semaphorin 3F-Induced Dendritic Spine Remodeling SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cell adhesion; cortical pyramidal neurons; NrCAM; semaphorin; spine morphogenesis; visual cortex ID PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NR-CAM; HOMOPHILIC INTERACTION; THALAMOCORTICAL AXONS; FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY; ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS; MOUSE; EXPERIENCE; BRAIN AB Neuron-glial related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) is a regulator of axon growth and repellent guidance, and has been implicated in autism spectrum disorders. Here a novel postsynaptic role for NrCAM in Semaphorin3F (Sema3F)-induced dendritic spine remodeling was identified in pyramidal neurons of the primary visual cortex (V1). NrCAM localized to dendritic spines of star pyramidal cells in postnatal V1, where it was coexpressed with Sema3F. NrCAM deletion in mice resulted in elevated spine densities on apical dendrites of star pyramidal cells at both postnatal and adult stages, and electron microscopy revealed increased numbers of asymmetric synapses in layer 4 of V1. Whole-cell recordings in cortical slices from NrCAM-null mice revealed increased frequency of mEPSCs in star pyramidal neurons. Recombinant Sema3F-Fc protein induced spine retraction on apical dendrites of wild-type, but not NrCAM-null cortical neurons in culture, while re-expression ofNrCAM rescued the spine retraction response. NrCAM formed a complex in brain with Sema3F receptor subunits Neuropilin-2 (Npn-2) and PlexinA3 (PlexA3) through an Npn-2-binding sequence (TARNER) in the extracellular Igl domain. A trans heterozygous genetic interaction test demonstrated that Sema3F and NrCAM pathways interacted in vivo to regulate spine density in star pyramidal neurons. These findings reveal NrCAM as a novel postnatal regulator of dendritic spine density in cortical pyramidal neurons, and an integral component of the Sema3F receptor complex. The results implicate NrCAM as a contributor to excitatory/inhibitory balance in neocortical circuits. C1 [Demyanenko, Galina P.; Mohan, Vishwa; Zhang, Xuying; Brennaman, Leann H.; Dharbal, Katherine E. S.; Maness, Patricia F.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Manis, Paul B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Manis, Paul B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Mol Physiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Tran, Tracy S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Maness, PF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Campus Box 7260, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM srclab@med.unc.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R21MH098138, R01MH101605]; Charles and Johanna Busch Biomedical Award; University of North Carolina (UNC) [NIH P30NS045892] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R21MH098138 and R01MH101605 (P.F.M.) and R01DC009809 (P.B.M.), Charles and Johanna Busch Biomedical Award (T.S.T.), and NIH P30NS045892 for University of North Carolina (UNC) Neuroscience Research Center core support. We gratefully acknowledge Dirk Montag (Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany) for the NrCAM plasmid, Takeshi Sakurai and Carol Mason (Columbia University) for probes, Alex Kolodkin and David Ginty for Sema3F mice and probes, and Ben Philpot and Thorfinn Riday (UNC Chapel Hill) for advice on monocular deprivation. We are also grateful to Sam George, Eli Darnell, Jasbir Dalal, Sneha Venkatramen, and Erin Moore for experimental assistance. 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Neurosci. PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 34 BP 11274 EP 11287 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1774-14.2014 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO4MI UT WOS:000341312600012 PM 25143608 ER PT J AU Matthes, M Preusse, M Zhang, JZ Schechter, J Mayer, D Lentes, B Theis, F Prakash, N Wurst, W Trumbach, D AF Matthes, Michaela Preusse, Martin Zhang, Jingzhong Schechter, Julia Mayer, Daniela Lentes, Bernd Theis, Fabian Prakash, Nilima Wurst, Wolfgang Truembach, Dietrich TI Mouse IDGenes: a reference database for genetic interactions in the developing mouse brain SO DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE NEURON DEVELOPMENT; SEGMENT POLARITY NETWORK; BETA-CATENIN; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; HINDBRAIN MALFORMATIONS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; ISTHMIC ORGANIZER; WNT/BETA-CATENIN; SPINAL-CORD; CYCLIN D1 AB The study of developmental processes in the mouse and other vertebrates includes the understanding of patterning along the anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and medial-lateral axis. Specifically, neural development is also of great clinical relevance because several human neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism disorders or drug addiction and also brain malformations are thought to have neurodevelopmental origins, i.e. pathogenesis initiates during childhood and adolescence. Impacts during early neurodevelopment might also predispose to late-onset neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. The neural tube develops from its precursor tissue, the neural plate, in a patterning process that is determined by compartmentalization into morphogenetic units, the action of local signaling centers and a well-defined and locally restricted expression of genes and their interactions. While public databases provide gene expression data with spatio-temporal resolution, they usually neglect the genetic interactions that govern neural development. Here, we introduce Mouse IDGenes, a reference database for genetic interactions in the developing mouse brain. The database is highly curated and offers detailed information about gene expressions and the genetic interactions at the developing mid-/hindbrain boundary. To showcase the predictive power of interaction data, we infer new Wnt/beta-catenin target genes by machine learning and validate one of them experimentally. The database is updated regularly. Moreover, it can easily be extended by the research community. Mouse IDGenes will contribute as an important resource to the research on mouse brain development, not exclusively by offering data retrieval, but also by allowing data input. C1 [Matthes, Michaela; Zhang, Jingzhong; Schechter, Julia; Mayer, Daniela; Lentes, Bernd; Prakash, Nilima; Wurst, Wolfgang; Truembach, Dietrich] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Dev Genet, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Matthes, Michaela] Tech Univ Munchen Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl Genet, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Preusse, Martin] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Preusse, Martin; Theis, Fabian] German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Computat Biol, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Theis, Fabian] Tech Univ Munich, Zentrum Math, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Wurst, Wolfgang; Truembach, Dietrich] Max Planck Inst Psychiat, D-80804 Munich, Germany. [Wurst, Wolfgang] Deutsch Zentrum Neurodegenerat Erkrankungen eV DZ, Standort Munchen, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [Wurst, Wolfgang] Tech Univ Munchen Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Lehrstuhl Entwicklungsgenet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Wurst, Wolfgang] Univ Munich, Adolf Butenandt Inst, Munich Cluster Syst Neurol SyNergy, D-80336 Munich, Germany. RP Trumbach, D (reprint author), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Dev Genet, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM nilima.prakash@helmholtz-muenchen.de; wurst@helmholtz-muenchen.de; dietrich.truembach@helmholtz-muenchen.de FU EU [FP7-Health-F4-2010-242129]; 'Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung' in the consortium 'From Disease Genes to Protein Pathways' [FKZ01GS0858]; Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt (HMGU); 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' ('German Research Foundation') [EXC 1010] FX The 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' ('German Research Foundation') within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology EXC 1010 SyNergy]; the EU grant 'Systems Biology of Stem Cells and Reprogramming' [FP7-Health-F4-2010-242129]; the 'Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung' in the consortium 'From Disease Genes to Protein Pathways' [FKZ01GS0858]. Funding for open access charge: Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt (HMGU). 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Mathematical & Computational Biology GA AN5KF UT WOS:000340628900001 ER PT J AU Krawczyk, DC Kandalaft, MR Didehbani, N Allen, TT McClelland, MM Tamminga, CA Chapman, SB AF Krawczyk, Daniel C. Kandalaft, Michelle R. Didehbani, Nyaz Allen, Tandra T. McClelland, M. Michelle Tamminga, Carol A. Chapman, Sandra B. TI An investigation of reasoning by analogy in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analogy; reasoning; schizophrenia; autism spectrum disorder; distraction ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WORKING-MEMORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RELATIONAL INTEGRATION; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; SOCIAL COGNITION; MORAL JUDGMENT; SIMILARITY; MIND; CHILDREN AB Relational reasoning ability relies upon by both cognitive and social factors. We compared analogical reasoning performance in healthy controls (HC) to performance in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). The experimental task required participants to find correspondences between drawings of scenes. Participants were asked to infer which item within one scene best matched a relational item within the second scene. We varied relational complexity, presence of distraction, and type of objects in the analogies (living or non-living items). We hypothesized that the cognitive differences present in SZ would reduce relational inferences relative to ASD and HC. We also hypothesized that both SZ and ASD would show lower performance on living item problems relative to HC due to lower social function scores. Overall accuracy was higher for HC relative to SZ, consistent with prior research. Across groups, higher relational complexity reduced analogical responding, as did the presence of non-living items. Separate group analyses revealed that the ASD group was less accurate at making relational inferences in problems that involved mainly non-living items and when distractors were present. The SZ group showed differences in problem type similar to the ASD group. Additionally, we found significant correlations between social cognitive ability and analogical reasoning, particularly for the SZ group. These results indicate that differences in cognitive and social abilities impact the ability to infer analogical correspondences along with numbers of relational elements and types of objects present in the problems. C1 [Krawczyk, Daniel C.; Kandalaft, Michelle R.; Didehbani, Nyaz; Allen, Tandra T.; McClelland, M. Michelle; Chapman, Sandra B.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Ctr BrainHlth, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. [Krawczyk, Daniel C.; Kandalaft, Michelle R.; Tamminga, Carol A.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Krawczyk, DC (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Ctr BrainHlth, 2200 Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. EM daniel.krawczyk@utdallas.edu FU Lattner Foundation; Crystal Charity Ball; Wacker Foundation FX We thank Lindsey Richland for contributions to the development of the task. We also thank Greg Allen, Candace Mills, Mujeeb Shad, Mette Posamentier, Jim Bartlett, and John Hart for helpful comments and suggestions. We thank Anne Marie Preston, Cassandra Adams, and Karen Osborne for their contributions to the data collection and neuropsychological testing. This work was supported by funding from the Lattner Foundation, Crystal Charity Ball, and the Wacker Foundation. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 517 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00517 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AN6YY UT WOS:000340746100001 PM 25191240 ER PT J AU Germain, ND Chen, PF Plocik, AM Glatt-Deeley, H Brown, J Fink, JJ Bolduc, KA Robinson, TM Levine, ES Reiter, LT Graveley, BR Lalande, M Chamberlain, SJ AF Germain, Noelle D. Chen, Pin-Fang Plocik, Alex M. Glatt-Deeley, Heather Brown, Judith Fink, James J. Bolduc, Kaitlyn A. Robinson, Tiwanna M. Levine, Eric S. Reiter, Lawrence T. Graveley, Brenton R. Lalande, Marc Chamberlain, Stormy J. TI Gene expression analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons carrying copy number variants of chromosome 15q11-q13.1 SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE UBE3A; autism; induced pluripotent stem cells; 15q duplication; Angelman syndrome ID METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR; ANGELMAN SYNDROME; PRADER-WILLI; 15Q DUPLICATION; HUMAN GENOME; AUTISM; PROTEIN; MITHRAMYCIN; BRAIN; TRANSCRIPTION AB Background: Duplications of the chromosome 15q11-q13.1 region are associated with an estimated 1 to 3% of all autism cases, making this copy number variation (CNV) one of the most frequent chromosome abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several genes located within the 15q11-q13.1 duplication region including ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A), the gene disrupted in Angelman syndrome (AS), are involved in neural function and may play important roles in the neurobehavioral phenotypes associated with chromosome 15q11-q13.1 duplication (Dup15q) syndrome. Methods: We have generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from five different individuals containing CNVs of 15q11-q13.1. The iPSC lines were differentiated into mature, functional neurons. Gene expression across the 15q11-q13.1 locus was compared among the five iPSC lines and corresponding iPSC-derived neurons using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Genome-wide gene expression was compared between neurons derived from three iPSC lines using mRNA-Seq. Results: Analysis of 15q11-q13.1 gene expression in neurons derived from Dup15q iPSCs reveals that gene copy number does not consistently predict expression levels in cells with interstitial duplications of 15q11-q13.1. mRNA-Seq experiments show that there is substantial overlap in the genes differentially expressed between 15q11-q13.1 deletion and duplication neurons, Finally, we demonstrate that UBE3A transcripts can be pharmacologically rescued to normal levels in iPSC-derived neurons with a 15q11-q13.1 duplication. Conclusions: Chromatin structure may influence gene expression across the 15q11-q13.1 region in neurons. Genome-wide analyses suggest that common neuronal pathways may be disrupted in both the Angelman and Dup15q syndromes. These data demonstrate that our disease-specific stem cell models provide a new tool to decipher the underlying cellular and genetic disease mechanisms of ASD and may also offer a pathway to novel therapeutic intervention in Dup15q syndrome. C1 [Germain, Noelle D.; Chen, Pin-Fang; Plocik, Alex M.; Glatt-Deeley, Heather; Graveley, Brenton R.; Lalande, Marc; Chamberlain, Stormy J.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. [Brown, Judith] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Chromosome Core, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Brown, Judith] Univ Connecticut, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fink, James J.; Bolduc, Kaitlyn A.; Robinson, Tiwanna M.; Levine, Eric S.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Reiter, Lawrence T.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Graveley, Brenton R.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Syst Genom, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Chamberlain, SJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, 400 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. EM chamberlain@uchc.edu FU NIH/NICHD [5R01HD068730-02]; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation; Prutting fund; Autism Speaks FX The authors would like to thank the members of the Chamberlain, Lalande, Graveley, and Levine labs for helpful discussions. This work was funded by NIH/NICHD grant 5R01HD068730-02 (S.J.C), the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation (S.J.C), the Prutting fund (M.L.), and Autism Speaks (E.S.L.). 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Chiu, Carina G. Diaz, Ruth L. Goghari, Vina M. TI Intact anger recognition in depression despite aberrant visual facial information usage SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Depression; Anxiety; Anger; Emotion recognition; Bubbles task ID MAJOR DEPRESSION; EMOTION PERCEPTION; AMYGDALA DAMAGE; EXPRESSION; DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BUBBLES; MEMORY; DEFICITS; ANXIETY AB Background: Previous literature has indicated abnormalities in facial emotion recognition abilities, as well as deficits in basic visual processes in major depression. However, the literature is unclear on a number of important factors including whether or not these abnormalities represent deficient or enhanced emotion recognition abilities compared to control populations, and the degree to which basic visual deficits might impact this process. Methods: The present study investigated emotion recognition abilities for angry versus neutral facial expressions in a sample of undergraduate students with Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores indicative of moderate depression (i.e. >= 20), compared to matched low-BDI-II score (i.e. <= 2) controls via the Bubbles Facial Emotion Perception Task. Results: Results indicated unimpaired behavioural performance in discriminating angry from neutral expressions in the high depressive symptoms group relative to the minimal depressive symptoms group, despite evidence of an abnormal pattern of visual facial information usage. Limitations: The generalizability of the current findings is limited by the highly structured nature of the facial emotion recognition task used, as well as the use of an analog sample undergraduates scoring high in self-rated symptoms of depression rather than a clinical sample. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that basic visual processes are involved in emotion recognition abnormalities in depression, demonstrating consistency with the emotion recognition literature in other psychopathologies (e.g. schizophrenia, autism, social anxiety). Future research should seek to replicate these findings in clinical populations with major depression, and assess the association between aberrant face gaze behaviours and symptom severity and social functioning. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clark, Cameron M.; Chiu, Carina G.; Diaz, Ruth L.; Goghari, Vina M.] Univ Calgary, Dept Psychol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Goghari, VM (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Psychol, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM vmgoghar@ucalgary.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Calgary; University Research Grant Committee; Canada Vanier Graduate Scholarship; Alberta Innovates Health Solutions studentship; Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Award FX We thank Frederic Gosselin for sharing his Bubbles task with our research group. Data collection was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research operating grant, a University of Calgary Seed Grant, and a University Research Grant Committee Starter Grant. Cameron M. Clark was supported by a Canada Vanier Graduate Scholarship, as well as an Alberta Innovates Health Solutions studentship. Vina Goghari was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Award. 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The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of autism and ADHD among individuals with a biological parental history of AUDs were 1.39 (95% CI 1.34-1.44) and 2.19 (95% CI 2.15-2.23), respectively, compared to individuals without an affected parent. Among offspring whose parents were diagnosed with AUDs before their birth, the corresponding risks were 1.46 (95% CI 1.36-1.58) and 2.70 (95% CI 2.59-2.81), respectively. Our study calls for extra surveillance for children with a family history of AUDs, and further studies examining the underlying mechanisms are needed. C1 [Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina; Ji, Jianguang] Lund Univ, Ctr Primary Hlth Care Res, Malmo, Sweden. [Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. RP Sundquist, J (reprint author), Lund Univ, Ctr Primary Hlth Care Res, Malmo, Sweden. EM sundquist@med.lu.se; jianguang.ji@med.lu.se RI Ji, Jianguang/E-9579-2011 OI Ji, Jianguang/0000-0003-0324-9496 FU Vetenskapsradet [2012-2378]; National Institute of Drug Abuse [R01 DA030005] FX Vetenskapsradet 2012-2378 Jan SundquistNational Institute of Drug Abuse R01 DA030005 Jan SundquistThe funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. 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Iizuka, Kunio Yokoyama, Ryoichi Shinada, Takamitsu Yamamoto, Yuki Hanawa, Sugiko Araki, Tsuyoshi Hashizume, Hiroshi Sassa, Yuko Kawashima, Ryuta TI Creativity measured by divergent thinking is associated with two axes of autistic characteristics SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creativity; divergent thinking; empathizing; systemizing; D score; autistic characteristics ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WHITE-MATTER STRUCTURES; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; EMPATHY QUOTIENT EQ; SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AB Creativity generally involves the conception of original and valuable ideas, and it plays a key role in scientific achievement. Moreover, individuals with autistic spectrum conditions (ASCs) tend to achieve in scientific fields. Recently, it has been proposed that low empathizing and high systemizing characterize individuals with ASCs. Empathizing is the drive to identify the mental status of other individuals and respond to it with an appropriate emotion; systemizing is the drive to analyze a system. It has been proposed that this higher systemizing underlies the scientific achievement of individuals with ASCs, suggesting the possible positive association between creativity and systemizing. However, previous findings on the association between ASCs and creativity were conflicting. Conversely, previous studies have suggested an association between prosocial traits and creativity, indicating the possible association between empathizing and creativity. Here we investigated the association between creativity measured by divergent thinking (CDT) and empathizing, systemizing, and the discrepancy between systemizing and empathizing, which is called D score. CDT was measured using the S-A creativity test. The individual degree of empathizing (empathizing quotient, EQ) and that of systemizing (systemizing quotient, SQ), and D score was measured via a validated questionnaire (SQ and EQ questionnaires). The results showed that higher CDT was significantly and positively correlated with both the score of EQ and the score of SQ but not with D score. These results suggest that CDT is positively associated with one of the characteristics of ASCs (analytical aspects), while exhibiting a negative association with another (lower social aspects). Therefore, the discrepancy between systemizing and empathizing, which is strongly associated with autistic tendency, was not associated with CDT. C1 [Takeuchi, Hikaru; Taki, Yasuyuki; Hashizume, Hiroshi; Sassa, Yuko; Kawashima, Ryuta] Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Div Dev Cognit Neurosci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. 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PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 921 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00921 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AO5JJ UT WOS:000341380200001 PM 25191299 ER PT J AU Parker, KJ Garner, JP Libove, RA Hyde, SA Hornbeak, KB Carson, DS Liao, CP Phillips, JM Hallmayer, JF Hardan, AY AF Parker, Karen J. Garner, Joseph P. Libove, Robin A. Hyde, Shellie A. Hornbeak, Kirsten B. Carson, Dean S. Liao, Chun-Ping Phillips, Jennifer M. Hallmayer, Joachim F. Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Plasma oxytocin concentrations and OXTR polymorphisms predict social impairments in children with and without autism spectrum disorder SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR GENE OXTR; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENOME-WIDE; BEHAVIOR; ASSOCIATION; BRAIN; HUMANS; NEUROPEPTIDES; VASOPRESSIN AB The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) and its receptor (OXTR) regulate social functioning in animals and humans. Initial clinical research suggests that dysregulated plasma OXT concentrations and/or OXTR SNPs may be biomarkers of social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We do not know, however, whether OXT dysregulation is unique to ASD or whether OXT biology influences social functioning more generally, thus contributing to, but not causing, ASD phenotypes. To distinguish between these possibilities, we tested in a child ASD cohort, which included unaffected siblings and unrelated neurotypical controls (ages 3-12 y; n = 193), whether plasma OXT concentrations and OXTR SNPs (i) interact to produce ASD phenotypes, (ii) exert differential phenotypic effects in ASD vs. non-ASD children, or (iii) have similar phenotypic effects independent of disease status. In the largest cohort tested to date, we found no evidence to support the OXT deficit hypothesis of ASD. Rather, OXT concentrations strongly and positively predicted theory of mind and social communication performance in all groups. Furthermore, OXT concentrations showed significant heritability between ASD-discordant siblings (h(2) = 85.5%); a heritability estimate on par with that of height in humans. Finally, carriers of the "G" allele of rs53576 showed impaired affect recognition performance and carriers of the "A" allele of rs2254298 exhibited greater global social impairments in all groups. These findings indicate that OXT biology is not uniquely associated with ASD, but instead exerts independent, additive, and highly heritable influences on individual differences in human social functioning, including the severe social impairments which characterize ASD. C1 [Parker, Karen J.; Garner, Joseph P.; Libove, Robin A.; Hyde, Shellie A.; Hornbeak, Kirsten B.; Carson, Dean S.; Liao, Chun-Ping; Phillips, Jennifer M.; Hallmayer, Joachim F.; Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Garner, Joseph P.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Parker, KJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kjparker@stanford.edu FU National Institutes of Health [RR000167]; Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative; Mosbacher Family Fund for Autism Research; Escher Fund at the Silicon Valley Community Foundation; Stanford University's Child Health Research Institute FX We thank Wendy Kalkus, Serena Tanaka, Kaeli Yuen, and Katy Brewster for help with blood sample collection and processing as well as data entry. We also thank Dr. Carl Feinstein (Director of the Stanford Autism Center) for his unwavering support of this research program. Additionally, we thank Dr. Toni Zeigler and Dan Wittwer (University of Wisconsin National Primate Research Center Assay Services) for conducting the OXT assays which were made possible by National Institutes of Health Grant RR000167. This research program was supported by grants from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (to K.J.P.), the Mosbacher Family Fund for Autism Research (to K.J.P.), the Escher Fund at the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (to A.Y.H.), and Stanford University's Child Health Research Institute (to K.J.P. and A.Y.H.). 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 19 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 33 BP 12258 EP 12263 DI 10.1073/pnas.1402236111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN2TS UT WOS:000340438800080 PM 25092315 ER PT J AU Dal Monte, O Noble, PL Turchi, J Cummins, A Averbeck, BB AF Dal Monte, Olga Noble, Pamela L. Turchi, Janita Cummins, Alex Averbeck, Bruno B. TI CSF and Blood Oxytocin Concentration Changes following Intranasal Delivery in Macaque SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PLASMA OXYTOCIN; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MACACA-MULATTA; DRUG-DELIVERY; BRAIN-BARRIER; SPINAL-CORD; VASOPRESSIN; RATS; HUMANS AB Oxytocin (OT) in the central nervous system (CNS) influences social cognition and behavior, making it a candidate for treating clinical disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Intranasal administration has been proposed as a possible route of delivery to the CNS for molecules like OT. While intranasal administration of OT influences social cognition and behavior, it is not well established whether this is an effective means for delivering OT to CNS targets. We administered OT or its vehicle (saline) to 15 primates (Macaca mulatta), using either intranasal spray or a nebulizer, and measured OT concentration changes in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and in blood. All subjects received both delivery methods and both drug conditions. Baseline samples of blood and CSF were taken immediately before drug administration. Blood was collected every 10 minutes after administration for 40 minutes and CSF was collected once post-delivery, at the 40 minutes time point. We found that intranasal administration of exogenous OT increased concentrations in both CSF and plasma compared to saline. Both delivery methods resulted in similar elevations of OT concentration in CSF, while the changes in plasma OT concentration were greater after nasal spray compared to nebulizer. In conclusion our study provides evidence that both nebulizer and nasal spray OT administration can elevate CSF OT levels. C1 [Dal Monte, Olga; Noble, Pamela L.; Turchi, Janita; Cummins, Alex; Averbeck, Bruno B.] NIH, NIMH, Neuropsychol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dal Monte, Olga] Univ Turin, Dept Neuropsychol, Turin, Italy. RP Averbeck, BB (reprint author), NIH, NIMH, Neuropsychol Lab, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM averbeckbb@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIMH/NIH/DHHS FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIMH/NIH/DHHS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Although worldwide prevalence of ASD has been increased continuously, therapeutic agents to ameliorate the core symptoms especially social deficits, are very limited. In this study, we investigated therapeutic potential of donepezil for ASD using valproic acid-induced autistic animal model (VPA animal model). We found that prenatal exposure of valproic acid (VPA) induced dysregulation of cholinergic neuronal development, most notably the up-regulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the prefrontal cortex of affected rat and mouse offspring. Similarly, differentiating cortical neural progenitor cell in culture treated with VPA showed increased expression of AChE in vitro. Chromatin precipitation experiments revealed that acetylation of histone H3 bound to AChE promoter region was increased by VPA. In addition, other histone deacetyalse inhibitors (HDACIs) such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate also increased the expression of AChE in differentiating neural progenitor cells suggesting the essential role of HDACIs in the regulation of AChE expression. For behavioral analysis, we injected PBS or donepezil (0.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to control and VPA mice once daily from postnatal day 14 all throughout the experiment. Subchronic treatment of donepezil improved sociability and prevented repetitive behavior and hyperactivity of VPA-treated mice offspring. Taken together, these results provide evidence that dysregulation of ACh system represented by the up-regulation of AChE may serve as an effective pharmacological therapeutic target against autistic behaviors in VPA animal model of ASD, which should be subjected for further investigation to verify the clinical relevance. C1 [Kim, Ji-Woon; Seung, Hana; Ko, Mee Jung; Lee, Eun Joo; Oh, Hyun Ah; Choi, Chang Soon; Kim, Ki Chan; Gonzales, Edson Luck; You, Jueng Soo; Choi, Dong-Hee; Lee, Jongmin; Han, Seol-Heui; Yang, Sung Min; Shin, Chan Young] Konkuk Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Seoul, South Korea. [Kwon, Kyung Ja] Konkuk Univ, Ctr Res Neurosci, Inst Biomed Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. [Cheong, Jae Hoon] Sahmyook Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Seoul, South Korea. [Bahn, Geon Ho] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Seoul, South Korea. RP Shin, CY (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Seoul, South Korea. EM chanyshin@kku.ac.k; mompeian@khu.ac.kr FU Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of health & welfare, Republic of Korea [A120029] FX This work was supported by a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of health & welfare, Republic of Korea (No. A120029). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Bowler, Dermot M. Gardiner, John M. TI Episodic but not semantic order memory difficulties in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Historical Figures Task SO MEMORY LA English DT Article DE Memory development; Episodic memory; Semantic memory; Order memory; Autism spectrum disorder ID ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; FREE-RECALL; AUTONOETIC CONSCIOUSNESS; AMNESIC SYNDROME; FUTURE THINKING; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; ADULTS; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION AB Considerable evidence suggests that the episodic memory system operates abnormally in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) whereas the functions of the semantic memory system are relatively preserved. Here we show that the same dissociation also applies to the domain of order memory. We asked adult participants to order the names of famous historical figures either according to their chronological order in history (probing semantic memory) or according to a random sequence shown once on a screen (probing episodic memory). As predicted, adults with ASD performed less well than age- and IQ-matched comparison individuals only on the episodic task. This observation is of considerable importance in the context of developmental theory because semantic and episodic order memory abilities can be dissociated in typically developing infants before they reach the age at which the behavioural markers associated with ASD are first apparent. This raises the possibility that early emerging memory abnormalities play a role in shaping the developmental trajectory of the disorder. We discuss the broader implications of this possibility and highlight the urgent need for greater scrutiny of memory competences in ASD early in development. C1 [Gaigg, Sebastian B.; Bowler, Dermot M.; Gardiner, John M.] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Northampton EC1V 0HB, England. RP Gaigg, SB (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Northampton Sq, Northampton EC1V 0HB, England. 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This study suggests that CTTNBP2 influences both the F-actin and microtubule cytoskeletons and regulates dendritic spine formation and dendritic arborization. C1 [Shih, Pu-Yun; Hsueh, Yi-Ping] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Fac Life Sci, Inst Genome Sci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Shih, Pu-Yun; Lee, Sue-Ping; Chen, Yi-Kai; Hsueh, Yi-Ping] Acad Sinica, Inst Mol Biol, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Hsueh, YP (reprint author), Natl Yang Ming Univ, Fac Life Sci, Inst Genome Sci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. EM yph@gate.sinica.edu.tw FU Academia Sinica [AS-100TP- B09, AS-103-TP-B05]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 102-2321-B-001-054, NSC 102-2321-B-001-029] FX This work is supported by grants from Academia Sinica [grant numbers AS-100TP-B09, AS-103-TP-B05]; and the National Science Council of Taiwan [grant numbers NSC 102-2321-B-001-054, NSC 102-2321-B-001-029] to Y.P.H. 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Cell Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 127 IS 16 BP 3521 EP 3534 DI 10.1242/jcs.149476 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA AO2TX UT WOS:000341180000011 PM 24928895 ER PT J AU Martin, BS Corbin, JG Huntsman, MM AF Martin, Brandon S. Corbin, Joshua G. Huntsman, Molly M. TI Deficient tonic GABAergic conductance and synaptic balance in the fragile X syndrome amygdala SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tonic inhibition; GABA; amygdala; fragile X syndrome ID CONTAINING GABA(A) RECEPTORS; ADULT-RAT BRAIN; MOUSE MODEL; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CONTAINING INTERNEURONS; FEEDFORWARD INHIBITION; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; CGG REPEAT AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited intellectual disability. Comorbidities of FXS such as autism are increasingly linked to imbalances in excitation and inhibition (E/I) as well as dysfunction in GABAergic transmission in a number of brain regions including the amygdala. However, the link between E/I imbalance and GABAergic transmission deficits in the FXS amygdala is poorly understood. Here we reveal that normal tonic GABA(A) receptor-mediated neurotransmission in principal neurons (PNs) of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is comprised of both delta- and alpha 5-subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors. Furthermore, tonic GABAergic capacity is reduced in these neurons in the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model of FXS (1.5-fold total, 3-fold delta-subunit, and 2-fold alpha 5-subunit mediated) as indicated by application of gabazine (50 mu M), 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP, 1 mu M), and alpha 5ia (1.5 mu M) in whole cell patch-clamp recordings. Moreover, alpha 5-containing tonic GABA(A) receptors appear to preferentially modulate nonsomatic compartments of BLA PNs. Examination of evoked feedforward synaptic transmission in these cells surprisingly revealed no differences in overall synaptic conductance or E/I balance between wild-type (WT) and Fmr1 KO mice. Instead, we observed altered feedforward kinetics in Fmr1 KO PNs that supports a subtle yet significant decrease in E/I balance at the peak of excitatory conductance. Blockade of alpha 5-subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors replicated this condition in WT PNs. Therefore, our data suggest that tonic GABA(A) receptor-mediated neurotransmission can modulate synaptic E/I balance and timing established by feedforward inhibition and thus may represent a therapeutic target to enhance amygdala function in FXS. C1 [Martin, Brandon S.; Corbin, Joshua G.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Ctr Neurosci Res, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Martin, Brandon S.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Interdisciplinary Program Neurosci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Huntsman, Molly M.] Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Huntsman, Molly M.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Huntsman, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM molly.huntsman@ucdenver.edu FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS-053719]; Epilepsy Foundation; Autism Speaks; FRAXA Foundation FX This work was supported by grants from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (M. M. Huntsman; Grant NS-053719), the Epilepsy Foundation (B. S. Martin), Autism Speaks (M. M. Huntsman and J. G. Corbin), and the FRAXA Foundation (M. M. Huntsman and J. G. Corbin). 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Neurophysiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 890 EP 902 DI 10.1152/jn.00597.2013 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA AN8FR UT WOS:000340839300013 PM 24848467 ER PT J AU Pragnya, B Kameshwari, JSL Veeresh, B AF Pragnya, B. Kameshwari, J. S. L. Veeresh, B. TI Ameliorating effect of piperine on behavioral abnormalities and oxidative markers in sodium valproate induced autism in BALB/C mice SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Valproate; Mice; Piperine; Behavior ID CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; ANIMAL-MODEL; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; ACID; RATS; SYSTEM; BRAIN; NOREPINEPHRINE; DISORDERS AB Post natal exposure to VPA (valproic acid) in mice induces behavioral deficits, abnormal sensitivity to sensory stimuli and self-injurious behavior, observed in autism. Piperine has been reported to have protective effect on brain. The present study aimed at evaluating effect of piperine on VPA induced neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in BALB/c mice. Young BALB/c mice 13 days old were procured from five different litters and segregated into five groups (n = 6; 3 male, 3 female) i.e., Group I served as control group, received physiological saline on PND (Post natal day) 14 & Tween 80 p.o. from PND13-40. Group II served as normal treated group and received piperine (20 mg/kg p.o.) from PND 13-40 and saline s.c. on PND 14. Group III served as valproate treated group received VPA (400 mg/kg s.c.) on PND 14 and Tween 80 p.o. from PND 13-40. Group IV & V served as disease treated group received VPA (400 mg/kg s.c.) on PND 14 & piperine (5 & 20 mg/kg p.o.) from PND 13-40 respectively. BALB/c mice pups were subjected to behavioral testing to assess motor skill development, nociceptive response, locomotion, anxiety, and cognition on various postnatal days up to PND 40. At the end of behavioral evaluation, mice were sacrificed; brain was isolated for biochemical estimations (serotonin, glutathione, MDA and nitric oxide) and histopathological examination. Our study revealed that treatment with piperine significantly improved behavioral alterations, lowered oxidative stress markers, and restored histoarchitecture of cerebellum. This ameliorating effect of piperine is attributed to its anti-oxidant activity, cognition enhancing and neuroprotective activity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pragnya, B.; Kameshwari, J. S. L.; Veeresh, B.] Osmania Univ, Dept Pharmacol, G Pulla Reddy Coll Pharm, Hyderabad 500027, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Pragnya, B (reprint author), Osmania Univ, Dept Pharmacol, G Pulla Reddy Coll Pharm, Hyderabad 500027, Andhra Pradesh, India. 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Brain Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 270 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.045 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM2PV UT WOS:000339694200010 PM 24803211 ER PT J AU Ju, A Hammerschmidt, K Tantra, M Krueger, D Brose, N Ehrenreich, H AF Ju, Anes Hammerschmidt, Kurt Tantra, Martesa Krueger, Dilja Brose, Nils Ehrenreich, Hannelore TI Juvenile manifestation of ultrasound communication deficits in the neuroligin-4 null mutant mouse model of autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Neuroligin-4; C57BL/6J; Ultrasound or ultrasonic vocalization; Neonatal milestones; Neonatal development; Gender ID MICE; VOCALIZATIONS; BEHAVIORS; MECP2; RATS AB Neuroligin-4 (Nlgn4) is a member of the neuroligin family of postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules. Loss-of-function mutations of NLGN4 are among the most frequent, known genetic causes of heritable autism. Adult NIgn4 null mutant (N1g174-1-) mice are a construct valid model of human autism, with both genders displaying a remarkable autistic phenotype, including deficits in social interaction and communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. In contrast to adults, autism-related abnormalities in neonatal and juvenile NIgn4-/- mice have not been reported yet. The present study has been designed to systematically investigate in male and female NIgn4-/- pups versus wildtype littermates NIgn4+1+) developmental milestones and stimulus-induced ultrasound vocalization (USV). Neonatal development, followed daily from postnatal days (PND) 4 to 21, including physical development, neurological reflexes and neuromotor coordination, did not yield any differences between NIgn4-/- and their WT littermates. USV in pups (PND8-9) in response to brief separation from their mothers revealed remarkable gender effects, and a genotype influence in females regarding latency to first call. In juveniles (PND22-23), USV monitoring upon exposure to an anesthetized female intruder mouse uncovered a clear genotype effect with reduced USV in NIgn4-/- mice, and again a more prominent phenotype in females. Together, these data support an early manifestation of communication deficits in NIgn4-/- mice that appear more pronounced in immature females with their overall stronger USV as compared to males. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Clin Neuroscience, Gottingen, Germany. [Hammerschmidt, Kurt] DFG Ctr Nanoscale Microscopy & Mol Physiol, Gottingen, Germany. [Krueger, Dilja; Brose, Nils] Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Dept Mol Neurobiol, Gottingen, Germany. RP Ehrenreich, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Clin Neuroscience, Gottingen, Germany. EM ehrenreich@em.mpg.de FU Max Planck Society; Max Planck Forderstiftung; DFG (CNMPB); EU-AIMS; Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking [115300]; European Union; EFPIA companies; Autism Speaks FX This work was supported by the Max Planck Society, the Max Planck Forderstiftung, the DFG (CNMPB) as well as by EU-AIMS. The research of EU-AIMS receives support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115300, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), from the EFPIA companies, and from Autism Speaks. 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However, application to the embryonic mouse central nervous system has been limited by the insufficient anatomical detail. Here we present a method that combines staining of live embryos with a contrast agent together with MR microscopy after fixation, to provide unprecedented anatomical detail at relevant embryonic stages. By using this method we have phenotyped the embryonic forebrain of Robo1/2(-/-) double mutant mice enabling us to identify most of the well-known anatomical defects in these mutants, as well as novel more subtle alterations. We thus demonstrate the potential of this methodology for a fast and reliable screening of subtle structural abnormalities in the developing mouse brain, as those associated to defects in disease-susceptibility genes of neurologic and psychiatric relevance. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Martinez-Martinez, M. A.; Borrell, V.] CSIC, Inst Neurociencias, Dev Neurobiol Unit, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. [Martinez-Martinez, M. A.; Pacheco-Torres, J.; Borrell, V.] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. [Pacheco-Torres, J.; Canals, S.] CSIC, Inst Neurociencias, Cellular & Syst Neurobiol Unit, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. RP Borrell, V (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Neurociencias, Dev Neurobiol Unit, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. EM vborrell@umh.es; scanals@umh.es RI Canals, Santiago/N-5838-2014 OI Canals, Santiago/0000-0003-2175-8139 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MICINN, Era-Net NEURON TRANSALC [CSD2007-00023, BFU2009-09938, BFU2012-39958, PIM2010ERN-00679]; [SAF2009-07367]; [BFU2012-33473] FX We are grateful to M. Tessier-Lavigne for the Robo1/2 mouse colony and thankful to C. Vegar, M.A. Fernandez and B. Fernandez for excellent technical assistance. Supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MICINN to S.C. (CSD2007-00023, BFU2009-09938, BFU2012-39958 and PIM2010ERN-00679 as part of the Era-Net NEURON TRANSALC project) and to V.B. 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Brown, Warren S. Spezio, Michael L. Leonard, Matthew K. Adolphs, Ralph Paul, Lynn K. TI Facial emotion recognition in agenesis of the corpus callosum SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Corpus callosum agenesis; Corpus callosum; Facial emotion ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; PSYCHOPHYSICS TOOLBOX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; LANGUAGE; CONNECTIVITY; PERCEPTION; ADULTS AB Background: Impaired social functioning is a common symptom of individuals with developmental disruptions in callosal connectivity. Among these developmental conditions, agenesis of the corpus callosum provides the most extreme and clearly identifiable example of callosal disconnection. To date, deficits in nonliteral language comprehension, humor, theory of mind, and social reasoning have been documented in agenesis of the corpus callosum. Here, we examined a basic social ability as yet not investigated in this population: recognition of facial emotion and its association with social gaze. Methods: Nine individuals with callosal agenesis and nine matched controls completed four tasks involving emotional faces: emotion recognition from upright and inverted faces, gender recognition, and passive viewing. Eye-tracking data were collected concurrently on all four tasks and analyzed according to designated facial regions of interest. Results: Individuals with callosal agenesis exhibited impairments in recognizing emotions from upright faces, in particular lower accuracy for fear and anger, and these impairments were directly associated with diminished attention to the eye region. The callosal agenesis group exhibited greater consistency in emotion recognition across conditions (upright vs. inverted), with poorest performance for fear identification in both conditions. The callosal agenesis group also had atypical facial scanning (lower fractional dwell time in the eye region) during gender naming and passive viewing of faces, but they did not differ from controls on gender naming performance. The pattern of results did not differ when taking into account full-scale intelligence quotient or presence of autism spectrum symptoms. Conclusions: Agenesis of the corpus callosum results in a pattern of atypical facial scanning characterized by diminished attention to the eyes. This pattern suggests that reduced callosal connectivity may contribute to the development and maintenance of emotion processing deficits involving reduced attention to others' eyes. C1 [Bridgman, Matthew W.] DuBois Reg Med Ctr, Du Bois, PA 15801 USA. [Brown, Warren S.] Fuller Theol Seminary, Travis Res Inst, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Spezio, Michael L.; Adolphs, Ralph; Paul, Lynn K.] CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Spezio, Michael L.] Scripps Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Leonard, Matthew K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Adolphs, Ralph] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Paul, LK (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lkpaul@hss.caltech.edu FU Pfeiffer Foundation; Simons Foundation; Travis Research Institute FX This research was supported in part by the Pfeiffer Foundation, the Simons Foundation, and the Travis Research Institute. The authors would like to thank Candace Markley for her contributions in data management. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD AUG 14 PY 2014 VL 6 AR 32 DI 10.1186/1866-1955-6-32 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AW1DO UT WOS:000346031000001 PM 25705318 ER PT J AU Oberman, LM Pascual-Leone, A Rotenberg, A AF Oberman, Lindsay M. Pascual-Leone, Alvaro Rotenberg, Alexander TI Modulation of corticospinal excitabilty by transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; transcranial magnetic stimulation; development; plasticity; GABA; theta burst stimulation ID THETA-BURST STIMULATION; HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX; CORTICAL INHIBITION; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; POSTURAL CONTROL; IN-VIVO; GABA; BRAIN; MODEL AB The developmental pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is currently not fully understood. However, multiple lines of evidence suggest that the behavioral phenotype may result from dysfunctional inhibitory control over excitatory synaptic plasticity. Consistent with this claim, previous studies indicate that adults with Asperger's Syndrome show an abnormally extended modulation of corticospinal excitability following a train of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). As ASD is a developmental disorder, the current study aimed to explore the effect of development on the duration of modulation of corticospinal excitability in children and adolescents with ASD. Additionally, as the application of rTMS to the understanding and treatment of pediatric neurological and psychiatric disorders is an emerging field, this study further sought to provide evidence for the safety and tolerability of rTMS in children and adolescents with ASD. Corticospinal excitability was measured by applying single pulses of TMS to the primary motor cortex both before and following a 40 s train of continuous theta burst stimulation. 19 high-functioning males ages 9-18 with ASD participated in this study. Results from this study reveal a positive linear relationship between age and duration of modulation of rTMS aftereffects. Specifically we found that the older participants had a longer lasting response. Furthermore, though the specific protocol employed typically suppresses corticospinal excitability in adults, more than one third of our sample had a paradoxical facilitatory response to the stimulation. Results support the safety and tolerability of rTMS in pediatric clinical populations. Data also support published theories implicating aberrant plasticity and GABAergic dysfunction in this population. C1 [Oberman, Lindsay M.; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Rotenberg, Alexander] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Berenson Allen Ctr Noninvas Brain Stimulat, Sch Med,Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Oberman, Lindsay M.; Rotenberg, Alexander] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Neuromodulat Program,Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Oberman, Lindsay M.; Rotenberg, Alexander] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Epilepsy & Clin Neurophysiol,Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Oberman, Lindsay M.] EP Bradley Hosp, Neuroplast & Autism Spectrum Disorder Program, East Providence, RI 02915 USA. [Oberman, Lindsay M.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, East Providence, RI USA. RP Oberman, LM (reprint author), EP Bradley Hosp, Neuroplast & Autism Spectrum Disorder Program, 1011 Vet Mem Pkwy, East Providence, RI 02915 USA. EM loberman@lifespan.org; alexander.rotenberg@childrens.harvard.edu FU Boston Children's Hospital Translational Research Program; National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Mental Health [1R01MH100186]; Harvard Catalyst; Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center; NCRR; WAITS NIH [8KL2TR000168-05]; Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center [8UL1TR000170-05]; Epilepsy Research Foundation; Simons Foundation; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; National Institutes of Health [R01 HD069776, R01NS073601, R21 MH099196, R21 NS082870, R21 NS085491, R21 HD07616, UL1 RR025758]; Michael J. Fox Foundation; Sidney R. Baer Foundation; Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (CIMIT); Department of Defense [PR121509]; Autism Speaks [48702]; Eisai Inc.; epilepsy therapy project FX Work on the project is supported grants the Boston Children's Hospital Translational Research Program (Alexander Rotenberg), National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Mental Health (1R01MH100186), and Harvard Catalyst, The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (NCRR and the WAITS NIH 8KL2TR000168-05). Lindsay M. Oberman is further supported by grants from the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (8UL1TR000170-05), the Epilepsy Research Foundation, the Simons Foundation and the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation, Alvaro Pascual-Leone is further supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 HD069776, R01NS073601, R21 MH099196, R21 NS082870, R21 NS085491, R21 HD07616, UL1 RR025758), Michael J. Fox Foundation and Sidney R. Baer Foundation. Alexander Roten berg is further supported by the Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (CIMIT), Department of Defense PR121509, Autism Speaks Grant 48702, and grants from Eisai Inc. and the Epilepsy Research Foundation and epilepsy therapy project. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD AUG 13 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 627 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00627 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AN6YF UT WOS:000340744000001 PM 25165441 ER PT J AU Adamsen, D Ramaekers, V Ho, HTB Britschgi, C Rufenacht, V Meili, D Bobrowski, E Philippe, P Nava, C Van Maldergem, L Bruggmann, R Walitza, S Wang, J Grunblatt, E Thony, B AF Adamsen, Dea Ramaekers, Vincent Ho, Horace T. B. Britschgi, Corinne Ruefenacht, Veronique Meili, David Bobrowski, Elise Philippe, Paule Nava, Caroline Van Maldergem, Lionel Bruggmann, Remy Walitza, Susanne Wang, Joanne Gruenblatt, Edna Thoeny, Beat TI Autism spectrum disorder associated with low serotonin in CSF and mutations in the SLC29A4 plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) gene SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Serotonin end-metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid; SERT; PMAT ID 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; NEURONS; DISRUPTION; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN AB Background: Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have low brain serotonin concentrations as reflected by the serotonin end-metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: We sequenced the candidate genes SLC6A4 (SERT), SLC29A4 (PMAT), and GCHFR (GFRP), followed by whole exome analysis. Results: The known heterozygous p.Gly56Ala mutation in the SLC6A4 gene was equally found in the ASD and control populations. Using a genetic candidate gene approach, we identified, in 8 patients of a cohort of 248 with ASD, a high prevalence (3.2%) of three novel heterozygous non-synonymous mutations within the SLC29A4 plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) gene, c.86A > G (p.Asp29Gly) in two patients, c.412G > A (p.Ala138Thr) in five patients, and c.978 T > G (p.Asp326Glu) in one patient. Genome analysis of unaffected parents confirmed that these PMAT mutations were not de novo but inherited mutations. Upon analyzing over 15,000 normal control chromosomes, only SLC29A4 c.86A > G was found in 23 alleles (0.14%), while neither c.412G > A (<0.007%) nor c.978 T > G (<0.007%) were observed in all chromosomes analyzed, emphasizing the rareness of the three alterations. Expression of mutations PMAT-p.Ala138Thr and p.Asp326Glu in cellulae revealed significant reduced transport uptake activity towards a variety of substrates including serotonin, dopamine, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), while mutation p.Asp29Gly had reduced transport activity only towards MPP+. At least two ASD subjects with either the PMAT-Ala138Thr or the PMAT-Asp326Glu mutation with altered serotonin transport activity had, besides low 5HIAA in CSF, elevated serotonin levels in blood and platelets. Moreover, whole exome sequencing revealed additional alterations in these two ASD patients in mainly serotonin-homeostasis genes compared to their non-affected family members. Conclusions: Our findings link mutations in SLC29A4 to the ASD population although not invariably to low brain serotonin. PMAT dysfunction is speculated to raise serotonin prenatally, exerting a negative feedback inhibition through serotonin receptors on development of serotonin networks and local serotonin synthesis. Exome sequencing of serotonin homeostasis genes in two families illustrated more insight in aberrant serotonin signaling in ASD. C1 [Adamsen, Dea; Ruefenacht, Veronique; Thoeny, Beat] Univ Zurich, Dept Pediat, Div Metab, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. [Adamsen, Dea; Walitza, Susanne; Gruenblatt, Edna; Thoeny, Beat] Univ Zurich, Neurosci Ctr Zurich, CH-8000 Zurich, Switzerland. [Adamsen, Dea; Walitza, Susanne; Gruenblatt, Edna; Thoeny, Beat] ETH Zurich ZNZ, CH-8000 Zurich, Switzerland. [Adamsen, Dea; Thoeny, Beat] Childrens Res Ctr CRC, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ramaekers, Vincent; Philippe, Paule] Univ Hosp Liege, Ctr Autism Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Ramaekers, Vincent; Philippe, Paule] Univ Hosp Liege, Div Pediat Neurol, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Ho, Horace T. B.; Wang, Joanne] Univ Washington, Dept Pharmaceut, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Britschgi, Corinne; Meili, David; Thoeny, Beat] Univ Zurich, Dept Pediat, Div Clin Chem & Biochem, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bobrowski, Elise; Walitza, Susanne; Gruenblatt, Edna] Univ Zurich, Univ Clin Child & Adolescent Psychiat, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland. [Nava, Caroline] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Genet Cytogenet & Human Genet, F-75651 Paris, France. [Van Maldergem, Lionel] Univ Franche Comte, Ctr Human Genet, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Bruggmann, Remy] Univ Zurich, ETH Zurich, Funct Genom Ctr Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Walitza, Susanne; Thoeny, Beat] Univ Zurich, Zurich Ctr Integrat Human Physiol ZIHP, CH-8000 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Thony, B (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Pediat, Div Metab, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. EM beat.thony@kispi.uzh.ch FU "Fonds National de Recherches Scientifiques", Belgium (FNRS) [3.4.540.09.F]; Centre for Neuroscience Zurich; Swiss National Science Foundation; Novartis "Stiftung fur medizinisch-biologische Forschung"; National Institutes of Health [GM066233]; University Children's Hospital Zurich FX We thank Anahita Rassi for technical assistance, Nenad Blau for valuable discussions, and the University Children's Hospital Zurich for their general support. This project was supported by grants from the "Fonds National de Recherches Scientifiques", Belgium (FNRS No: 3.4.540.09.F to VR), the Centre for Neuroscience Zurich (to BT), the Swiss National Science Foundation (to BT), Novartis "Stiftung fur medizinisch-biologische Forschung" (to BT), and the National Institutes of Health (GM066233 to JW). 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Autism PD AUG 13 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 43 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-43 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO2NA UT WOS:000341159100001 PM 25802735 ER PT J AU Gimelli, S Capra, V Di Rocco, M Leoni, M Mirabelli-Badenier, M Schiaffino, MC Fiorio, P Cuoco, C Gimelli, G Tassano, E AF Gimelli, Stefania Capra, Valeria Di Rocco, Maja Leoni, Massimiliano Mirabelli-Badenier, Marisol Schiaffino, Maria Cristina Fiorio, Patrizia Cuoco, Cristina Gimelli, Giorgio Tassano, Elisa TI Interstitial 7q31.1 copy number variations disrupting IMMP2L gene are associated with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders SO MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE IMMP2L; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Copy number variation; Array-CGH ID TOURETTE-SYNDROME; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; AUTISM; ACTIVATION; BREAKPOINT; MUTATION AB Background: Since the introduction of the array-CGH technique in the diagnostic workup of mental retardation, new recurrent copy number variations and novel microdeletion/microduplication syndromes were identified. These findings suggest that some genomic disorders have high penetrance but a wide range of phenotypic severity. Results: We present the clinical and molecular description of four unrelated patients affected by neurodevelopmental disorders and overlapping 7q31.1 microdeletion/microduplication, identified by array-CGH and involving only part of the IMMP2L gene. Conclusion: IMMP2L encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protease-like protein, which is required for processing of cytochromes inside mitochondria. Numerous studies reported that this gene is implicated in behavioural disorders such as autistic spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. We discuss the functions of the gene suggesting that IMMP2L may act as risk factor for neurological disease. C1 [Gimelli, Stefania] Univ Hosp Geneva, Serv Genet Med, Geneva, Switzerland. [Capra, Valeria] Ist Giannina Gaslini, UO Neurochirurg, I-16147 Genoa, Italy. [Di Rocco, Maja] Ist Giannina Gaslini, USD Malattie Rare, I-16147 Genoa, Italy. [Leoni, Massimiliano] Ist Giannina Gaslini, I-16147 Genoa, Italy. [Mirabelli-Badenier, Marisol] Univ Genoa, DINOMGI Dipartimento, Genoa, Italy. [Schiaffino, Maria Cristina] Ist Giannina Gaslini, Dipartimento Pediat, Genoa, Italy. [Fiorio, Patrizia; Cuoco, Cristina; Gimelli, Giorgio; Tassano, Elisa] Ist Giannina Gaslini, Lab Citogenet, I-16147 Genoa, Italy. RP Tassano, E (reprint author), Ist Giannina Gaslini, Lab Citogenet, I-16147 Genoa, Italy. EM eli.tassano@gmail.com FU Cinque per mille dell'IRPEF-Finanziamento della ricerca sanitaria; Finanziamento Ricerca Corrente, Ministero Salute (contributo per la ricerca intramurale) FX We thank the patient's parents for their kind participation and support. We are grateful to Marco Bertorello and Corrado Torello for their technical assistance. This work was supported by "Cinque per mille dell'IRPEF-Finanziamento della ricerca sanitaria" and "Finanziamento Ricerca Corrente, Ministero Salute" (contributo per la ricerca intramurale). 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Cytogenet. PD AUG 13 PY 2014 VL 7 AR 54 DI 10.1186/s13039-014-0054-y PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN7TM UT WOS:000340803500001 PM 25478008 ER PT J AU Meilleur, AAS Berthiaume, C Bertone, A Mottron, L AF Meilleur, Andree-Anne S. Berthiaume, Claude Bertone, Armando Mottron, Laurent TI Autism-Specific Covariation in Perceptual Performances: "g'' or "p'' Factor? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENERAL INTELLIGENCE; PITCH DISCRIMINATION; GABA CONCENTRATION; ASPERGER SYNDROME; AUDITORY-CORTEX; INSPECTION TIME; VISUAL-CORTEX; SENSITIVITY AB Background: Autistic perception is characterized by atypical and sometimes exceptional performance in several low- (e.g., discrimination) and mid-level (e. g., pattern matching) tasks in both visual and auditory domains. A factor that specifically affects perceptive abilities in autistic individuals should manifest as an autism-specific association between perceptual tasks. The first purpose of this study was to explore how perceptual performances are associated within or across processing levels and/or modalities. The second purpose was to determine if general intelligence, the major factor that accounts for covariation in task performances in non-autistic individuals, equally controls perceptual abilities in autistic individuals. Methods: We asked 46 autistic individuals and 46 typically developing controls to perform four tasks measuring low-or mid-level visual or auditory processing. Intelligence was measured with the Wechsler's Intelligence Scale (FSIQ) and Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM). We conducted linear regression models to compare task performances between groups and patterns of covariation between tasks. The addition of either Wechsler's FSIQ or RPM in the regression models controlled for the effects of intelligence. Results: In typically developing individuals, most perceptual tasks were associated with intelligence measured either by RPM or Wechsler FSIQ. The residual covariation between unimodal tasks, i.e. covariation not explained by intelligence, could be explained by a modality-specific factor. In the autistic group, residual covariation revealed the presence of a plurimodal factor specific to autism. Conclusions: Autistic individuals show exceptional performance in some perceptual tasks. Here, we demonstrate the existence of specific, plurimodal covariation that does not dependent on general intelligence (or "g'' factor). Instead, this residual covariation is accounted for by a common perceptual process (or "p'' factor), which may drive perceptual abilities differently in autistic and non-autistic individuals. C1 [Meilleur, Andree-Anne S.; Berthiaume, Claude; Bertone, Armando; Mottron, Laurent] Univ Montreal, Hop Riviere Des Prairies, Ctr Excellence Pervas Dev Disorders CETEDUM, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bertone, Armando] McGill Univ, Sch Appl Child Psychol, Dept Educ & Counselling Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Mottron, L (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Hop Riviere Des Prairies, Ctr Excellence Pervas Dev Disorders CETEDUM, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM laurent.mottron@gmail.com FU CIHR [171795]; Autism Speaks Foundation [2706]; Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships Doctoral Award (CGS-D) FX This work was supported by grants from CIHR (171795); Autism Speaks Foundation (2706) and the Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships Doctoral Award (CGS-D) (AASM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Park, Su-Bin D'Angiulli, Amedeo TI Air pollution and detrimental effects on children's brain. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the issue complexity and challenges SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urban children; air pollution; cognition; brain volumetric changes; white matter hyperintensities; cytokines; Alzheimer; Parkinson ID PARTICULATE MATTER; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; SUPERIOR OLIVE; MEXICO-CITY; EXPOSURE; AUTISM; HEALTH; NANOPARTICLES; COGNITION; RISK AB Millions of children in polluted cities are showing brain detrimental effects. Urban children exhibit brain structural and volumetric abnormalities, systemic inflammation, olfactory, auditory, vestibular and cognitive deficits v low-pollution controls. Neuroinflammation and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown target the olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex and brainstem, but are diffusely present throughout the brain. Urban adolescent Apolipoprotein E4 carriers significantly accelerate Alzheimer pathology. Neurocognitive effects of air pollution are substantial, apparent across all populations, and potentially clinically relevant as early evidence of evolving neurodegenerative changes. The diffuse nature of the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration forces to employ a weight of evidence approach incorporating current clinical, cognitive, neurophysiological, radiological and epidemiological research. Pediatric air pollution research requires extensive multidisciplinary collaborations to accomplish a critical goal: to protect exposed children through multidimensional interventions having both broad impact and reach. Protecting children and teens from neural effects of air pollution should be of pressing importance for public health. C1 [Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian] Univ Montana, Ctr Struct & Funct Neurosci, Dept Biomed Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Torres-Jardon, Ricardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Kulesza, Randy J.] Lake Erie Coll Osteopath Med, Auditory Res Ctr, Erie, PA USA. [Park, Su-Bin; D'Angiulli, Amedeo] Carleton Univ, NICER Lab, Neurosci Imagery Cognit & Emot Res Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP D'Angiulli, A (reprint author), Carleton Univ, NICER Lab, Neurosci Imagery Cognit & Emot Res Lab, IIS, 1125 Colonel Dr,Dunton Tower,Room 2202A, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. 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PD AUG 12 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 771 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00771 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AO5EP UT WOS:000341366500001 PM 25161629 ER PT J AU Kasirer, A Mashal, N AF Kasirer, Anat Mashal, Nira TI Verbal creativity in autism: comprehension and generation of metaphoric language in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and typical development SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism; novel metaphors; executive functioning; metaphor generation ID VEGETATIVE STATE; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; CONSCIOUSNESS; HABITUATION; COGNITION; STIMULI; BRAIN; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; EMOTION AB Studies on creativity in participants with autism generally show impoverished performance as well as deficient comprehension of metaphoric language. However, very little is known about the ability to generate metaphors in this population. The present study examines verbal creativity in adults with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) through tasks that rely on novel metaphoric language. Seventeen adults with ASD (mean age = 21.06) and 17 typically developing peers (mean age = 22.71) participated in the study. A multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of conventional and novel metaphors was used to test comprehension, and a sentence completion questionnaire was used to test generation of creative language. Results show similar performance in comprehension of conventional and novel metaphors in both groups, whereas adults with ASD generated more creative metaphors relative to the control group. Scores on tests of vocabulary and naming contributed to the prediction of conventional metaphor comprehension, while scores on tests of mental flexibility contributed to the prediction of novel metaphor comprehension. In addition, scores on a test of non-verbal intelligence contributed to the prediction of metaphor generation. The study points to unique verbal creativity in ASD. C1 [Kasirer, Anat; Mashal, Nira] Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Mashal, Nira] Bar Ilan Univ, Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Res Ctr, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Mashal, N (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. 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PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 615 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00615 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AN6MR UT WOS:000340709100001 PM 25157225 ER PT J AU Xuan, ICY Hampson, DR AF Xuan, Ingrid C. Y. Hampson, David R. TI Gender-Dependent Effects of Maternal Immune Activation on the Behavior of Mouse Offspring SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ANIMAL-MODELS; INFECTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDREN; RECEPTOR; BRAIN; MICE; AGE AB Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by two core symptoms; impaired social interactions and communication, and ritualistic or repetitive behaviors. Both epidemiological and biochemical evidence suggests that a subpopulation of autistics may be linked to immune perturbations that occurred during fetal development. These findings have given rise to an animal model, called the "maternal immune activation'' model, whereby the offspring from female rodents who were subjected to an immune stimulus during early or mid-pregnancy are studied. Here, C57BL/6 mouse dams were treated mid-gestation with saline, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a bacterial infection, or polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) to mimic a viral infection. Autism-associated behaviors were examined in the adult offspring of the treated dams. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess motor activity, exploration in a novel environment, sociability, and repetitive behaviors, and data analyses were carried independently on male and female mice. We observed a main treatment effect whereby male offspring from Poly IC-treated dams showed reduced motor activity. In the marble burying test of repetitive behavior, male offspring but not female offspring from both LPS and Poly IC-treated mothers showed increased marble burying. Our findings indicate that offspring from mothers subjected to immune stimulation during gestation show a gender-specific increase in stereotyped repetitive behavior. C1 [Xuan, Ingrid C. Y.; Hampson, David R.] Univ Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hampson, David R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Hampson, DR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM d.hampson@utoronto.ca FU Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); CIHR Strategic Training Program in Biological Therapeutics FX This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) and the CIHR Strategic Training Program in Biological Therapeutics. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Retrospective cohort study; Psychological development disability; Synthetic oxytocin; Battelle Inventory ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION ANALYSIS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; SOCIAL BEHAVIORS; VASOPRESSIN; LABOR; RECEPTOR; BRAIN; RISK; INDUCTION AB Objective: The objective was to evaluate the potential influence of oxytocin administered during delivery on children's development at the age of 5. Method: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study where children from patients given synthetic oxytocin during delivery were considered as the exposed cohort and children from patients not given oxytocin as the nonexposed cohort. From a total of 7465 births attended at our maternity ward in 2006, an initial sample of 400 was randomly selected. A total of 148 children were evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory. Potential confounding and adjustment factors were analyzed using stratified analysis and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). Results: Oxytocin use did not significantly affect the overall risk of developmental delay in the study sample (relative risk, RR, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.79-2.71]). The best fit regression model included twin delivery, type of delivery, and maternal age. In the group of vaginal noninstrumental deliveries, oxytocin administration increased the risk of poor Battelle Developmental Inventory outcome, particularly when maternal age was under 28 or over 35 years of age (odds ratio, OR, 67.14; 95% CI [5.46-824.86]). When delivery was instrumental or through cesarean section in mothers aged 28-35 years, oxytocin administration decreased the risk of developmental disorders (OR 0.16; 95% CI [0.04-0.66]). Conclusion: Although oxytocin administration during delivery did not affect the overall risk of low Battelle Developmental Inventory scores in the study sample, some effects were seen according to maternal age and type of birth. C1 [Jose Gonzalez-Valenzuela, Maria; Delgado-Rios, Myriam; Cazorla-Granados, Olga] Univ Malaga, Fac Psychol, Dept Dev & Educ Psychol, Malaga 29011, Spain. [Garcia-Fortea, Pedro; Blasco-alonso, Marta; Gonzalez-Mesa, Ernesto] Univ Malaga, Malaga Obstet & Gynecol Res Grp, IBIMA, Malaga 29011, Spain. RP Gonzalez-Mesa, E (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Obstet & Gynecol Res Grp, IBIMA, Arroyo Angeles S-N, Malaga 29011, Spain. 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Despite its popularity, some serious issues arise with this approach to cooperation. First, one may challenge the assumption that high-level mental processes are necessary for engaging in acting cooperatively. If they are, then how do agents that do not possess such ability (preverbal children, or children with autism who are often claimed to be mind-blind) engage in cooperative exchanges, as the evidence suggests? Secondly, to define cooperation as the result of two de-contextualized minds reading each other's intentions may fail to fully acknowledge the complexity of situated, interactional dynamics and the interplay of variables such as the participants' relational and personal history and experience. In this paper we challenge such accounts of cooperation, calling for an embodied approach that sees cooperation not only as an individual attitude toward the other, but also as a property of interaction processes. Taking an enactive perspective, we argue that cooperation is an intrinsic part of any interaction, and that there can be cooperative interaction before complex communicative abilities are achieved. The issue then is not whether one is able or not to read the other's intentions, but what it takes to participate in joint action. From this basic account, it should be possible to build up more complex forms of cooperation as needed. Addressing the study of cooperation in these terms may enhance our understanding of human social development, and foster our knowledge of different ways of engaging with others, as in the case of autism. C1 [Fantasia, Valentina; Fasulo, Alessandra] Univ Portsmouth, Ctr Situated Act & Commun, Dept Psychol, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, Hants, England. [De Jaegher, Hanne] Univ Basque Country, IAS Res Ctr Life Mind & Soc, Dept Log & Philosophy Sci, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [De Jaegher, Hanne] Univ Sussex, Ctr Computat Neurosci & Robot, Brighton, E Sussex, England. 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PD AUG 8 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 874 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00874 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AN8XM UT WOS:000340889200001 PM 25152745 ER PT J AU Pakarinen, S Sokka, L Leinikka, M Henelius, A Korpela, J Huotilainen, M AF Pakarinen, Satu Sokka, Laura Leinikka, Marianne Henelius, Andreas Korpela, Jussi Huotilainen, Minna TI Fast determination of MMN and P3a responses to linguistically and emotionally relevant changes in pseudoword stimuli SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mismatch negativity (MMN); Event-related potential (ERP); Multi-feature paradigm; Central auditory processing; Emotion; Language ID MISMATCH NEGATIVITY MMN; INVOLUNTARY ATTENTION; BRAIN POTENTIALS; AUDITORY-STIMULI; SENSORY MEMORY; COMPLEX SOUND; DURATION; NOVELTY; P300; DISCRIMINATION AB We developed a new multi-feature mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm with two improvements: Firstly, the standard tone, a pseudoword /ta-ta/ was presented with equal probability to the nine linguistically relevant deviants, reducing the recording time by 45%. Secondly, three rare, emotionally valenced stimuli: happy, angry, and sad utterances of the standard pseudoword were included in the sequence. MMN signals reflecting the perceptual properties of the sounds were observed for all stimuli. In addition, P3a signals were observed for the rare emotionally uttered pseudowords. This 28-min paradigm allows a multi-dimensional evaluation of central speech-sound representations (MMN), and attention allocation (P3a) to emotional information content of speech. We recommend this paradigm for studies on subject groups with impairments in language or emotional information processing, such as autism spectrum disorders, attention disorders, and alexithymia. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pakarinen, Satu; Sokka, Laura; Leinikka, Marianne; Henelius, Andreas; Korpela, Jussi; Huotilainen, Minna] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. RP Pakarinen, S (reprint author), Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Brain & Technol Team, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. EM satu.pakarinen@ttl.fi FU SalWe Research Programme for Mind and Body [1104/10] FX The authors thank RN Nina Lapvetelainen and Riitta Velin for their assistance in data collection. The present study was supported by the SalWe Research Programme for Mind and Body (Tekes - Grant 1104/10). 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TI CC2D1A Regulates Human Intellectual and Social Function as well as NF-kappa B Signaling Homeostasis SO CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NONSYNDROMIC MENTAL-RETARDATION; C2 DOMAIN PROTEIN; NOTCH; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; TRAFFICKING; PLASTICITY; DROSOPHILA; DISORDERS; RECEPTORS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are often comorbid, but the extent to which they share common genetic causes remains controversial. Here, we present two autosomal-recessive "founder" mutations in the CC2D1A gene causing fully penetrant cognitive phenotypes, including mild-to-severe ID, ASD, as well as seizures, suggesting shared developmental mechanisms. CC2D1A regulates multiple intracellular signaling pathways, and we found its strongest effect to be on the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Cc2d1a gain and loss of function both increase activation of NF-kappa B, revealing a critical role of Cc2d1a in homeostatic control of intracellular signaling. Cc2d1a knockdown in neurons reduces dendritic complexity and increases NF-kappa B activity, and the effects of Cc2d1a depletion can be rescued by inhibiting NF-kappa B activity. Homeostatic regulation of neuronal signaling pathways provides a mechanism whereby common founder mutations could manifest diverse symptoms in different patients. C1 [Manzini, M. Chiara; Tambunan, Dimira E.; Di Costanzo, Stefania; Mitisalis, Vanessa; Tischfield, David J.; Cinquino, Antonella; Hill, R. Sean; Lizarraga, Sofia B.; Gleason, Danielle; Sabbagh, Diya; Walsh, Christopher A.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res, Div Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Manzini, M. Chiara; Tambunan, Dimira E.; Di Costanzo, Stefania; Mitisalis, Vanessa; Tischfield, David J.; Cinquino, Antonella; Hill, R. Sean; Lizarraga, Sofia B.; Gleason, Danielle; Sabbagh, Diya; Walsh, Christopher A.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. [Manzini, M. Chiara; Tambunan, Dimira E.; Di Costanzo, Stefania; Mitisalis, Vanessa; Tischfield, David J.; Cinquino, Antonella; Hill, R. Sean; Lizarraga, Sofia B.; Gleason, Danielle; Sabbagh, Diya; Walsh, Christopher A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Manzini, M. Chiara; Tambunan, Dimira E.; Di Costanzo, Stefania; Mitisalis, Vanessa; Tischfield, David J.; Cinquino, Antonella; Hill, R. Sean; Lizarraga, Sofia B.; Gleason, Danielle; Sabbagh, Diya; Walsh, Christopher A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Xiong, Lan; Jiang, Qin] Univ Montreal, Montreal Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H1N 3V2, Canada. [Xiong, Lan; Christian, Mehtab; Laurent, Sandra] Univ Montreal Hosp, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H2L 2W5, Canada. [Shaheen, Ranad; Sabbagh, Diya; Alkuraya, Fowzan S.] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Genet, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. [Ghaziuddin, Mohammed] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nanjiani, Zohair A.] Univ Karachi, Ma Ayesha Mem Ctr, Karachi 75350, Pakistan. [Rasheed, Saima] Autism Inst, Karachi 74000, Pakistan. [Salih, Mustafa A.] King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Neurol, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. [Walsh, Christopher A.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Salih, MA (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Neurol, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. EM mustafa_salih05@yahoo.com; falkuraya@kfshrc.edu.sa; christopher.walsh@childrens.harvard.edu FU NIH [R01MH083565, R01NS032457, R00HD067379]; Simons Foundation; KACST [13-BIO1113-20]; Centro per la Comunicazione e Ricerca del Collegio Ghislieri; Hearst Fund; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research; Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RGP-VPP-301]; Italian National Research Council; Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the families for their constant availability and collaboration, Dilenny Gonzalez and Daniel Rakiec for technical help, Adria Bodell for help with patient recruitment, Tom Maynard at the George Washington University for help with qPCR, and the Genotyping and Sequencing Core Facility at KFSHRC for help with analysis of families 1 and 2. They are also grateful to Jenny Yang, Tim Yu, and Adam Oaks for helpful discussion. Research was supported by grants from the NIH (R01MH083565 and R01NS032457 to C.A.W. and R00HD067379 to M.C.M.) the Simons Foundation (to C.A.W.), and KACST (Grant 13-BIO1113-20 to F.S.A.). M.C.M. was also supported by grants from the Centro per la Comunicazione e Ricerca del Collegio Ghislieri, the Hearst Fund, and the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research. M.A.S. was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia through the research group project number RGP-VPP-301. A.C. was supported by a fellowship from the Italian National Research Council and the Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation. C.A.W. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 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C1 [Wada, Makoto; Kansaku, Kenji] Natl Rehabil Ctr Persons Disabil, Inst Res, Dept Rehabil Brain Funct, Syst Neurosci Sect, Tokorozawa, Saitama 3598555, Japan. [Wada, Makoto] Natl Rehabil Ctr Persons Disabil, Inst Res, Dept Rehabil Brain Funct, Dev Disorders Sect, Tokorozawa, Saitama 3598555, Japan. [Miyao, Masutomo] Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Med Psychol, Div Dev Neuropsychol, Tokyo, Tokyo 1578535, Japan. [Spence, Charles] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Crossmodal Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. [Kansaku, Kenji] Univ Electrocommun, Brain Sci Inspired Life Support Res, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. RP Kansaku, K (reprint author), Natl Rehabil Ctr Persons Disabil, Inst Res, Dept Rehabil Brain Funct, Syst Neurosci Sect, Tokorozawa, Saitama 3598555, Japan. EM kansaku-kenji@rehab.go.ip FU MEXT [23300151] FX This study was partly supported by a MEXT grant (#23300151) to K. Kansaku. We would like to thank S. Iwama for technical assistance; H. Hirose, H. Agarie, S. Kim and S. 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It is a complex condition caused by genetic and environmental factors; the high heritability of this disorder supports the presence of a significant genetic contribution. Many studies have suggested that copy-number variants contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. Recently, copy-number variants of the nephronophthisis 1 gene have been reported in patients with autism spectrum disorder. To the best of our knowledge, only six autism spectrum disorder cases with duplications of the nephronophthisis 1 gene have been reported. These patients exhibited intellectual dysfunction, including verbal dysfunction in one patient, below-average verbal intellectual ability in one patient, and intellectual disability in four patients. In this study, we identified nephronophthisis 1 duplications in two unrelated Japanese patients with autism spectrum disorder using a high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism array. This report is the first to describe a nephronophthisis 1 duplication in an autism spectrum disorder patient with an average verbal intelligence quotient and an average performance intelligence quotient. However, the second autism spectrum disorder patient with a nephronophthisis 1 duplication had a below-average performance intelligence quotient. Neither patient exhibited physical dysfunction, motor developmental delay, or neurological abnormalities. This study supports the clinical observation of nephronophthisis 1 duplication in autism spectrum disorder cases and might contribute to our understanding of the clinical phenotype that arises from this duplication. C1 [Yasuda, Yuka; Hashimoto, Ryota; Yamamori, Hidenaga; Fujimoto, Michiko; Ohi, Kazutaka; Takeda, Masatoshi] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Hashimoto, Ryota; Taniike, Masako; Mohri, Ikuko] Osaka Univ, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Mol Res Ctr Childrens Mental Dev, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Fukai, Ryoko] Yokohama City Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360004, Japan. [Fukai, Ryoko; Nakashima, Mitsuko; Tsurusaki, Yoshinori; Saitsu, Hirotomo; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Miyake, Noriko] Yokohama City Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Stroke Med, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360004, Japan. [Okamoto, Nobuhiko] Osaka Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, Izumi 5941101, Japan. [Okamoto, Nobuhiko] Res Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Izumi 5941101, Japan. [Hiraki, Yoko] Hiroshima Municipal Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Hiroshima 7320052, Japan. [Yamamori, Hidenaga] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mol Neuropsychiat, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Hashimoto, R (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, D3,2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM hashimor@psy.med.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Hashimoto, Ryota/P-8572-2014 OI Hashimoto, Ryota/0000-0002-5941-4238 FU Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare [H22-seishin-ippan-001, H23-jitsuyouka (nanbyo)-ippan-005, H25-shinkei kin-ippan-001]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [24249019, 22390225, 25293250, 25293085, 25293235, 24591680]; Challenging Exploratory Research grant [23659565]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) [25129704, 12024421, 18023045]; Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences [11105137]; Fund for the Creation of Innovation Centers for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Areas Program in the Project for Developing Innovation Systems; Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health; Takeda Science Foundation FX We thank the patients and their families for participating in this study. Additionally, we thank Ms. Y. Yamashita, Ms. E. Koike, Ms. S. Sugimoto, Ms. N. Watanabe, and Ms. K. Takabe for their technical assistance. This work was supported by research grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (H22-seishin-ippan-001, H23-jitsuyouka (nanbyo)-ippan-005, H25-shinkei kin-ippan-001), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research [(A) (24249019), (B) (22390225, 25293250, 25293085, and 25293235), and (C) (24591680)] and a Challenging Exploratory Research grant (23659565), the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Innovative Areas (Comprehensive Brain Science Network, 25129704) (Transcription Cycle, 12024421), Priority Areas-Research on the Pathomechanisms of Brain Disorders (18023045), the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences (11105137), the Fund for the Creation of Innovation Centers for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Areas Program in the Project for Developing Innovation Systems, the Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health, and the Takeda Science Foundation. 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Gen. Psychiatr. PD AUG 6 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 22 DI 10.1186/s12991-014-0022-2 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AN9EO UT WOS:000340909000001 PM 25126106 ER PT J AU Kulesskaya, N Karpova, NN Ma, L Tian, L Voikar, V AF Kulesskaya, Natalia Karpova, Nina N. Ma, Li Tian, Li Voikar, Vootele TI Mixed housing with DBA/2 mice induces stress in C57BL/6 mice: implications for interventions based on social enrichment SO FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal model; stress; mixed housing; stress-related genes; behavioral interventions; social enrichment; social learning ID INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; BEHAVIORAL TASKS RELEVANT; BTBR-T+TF/J MICE; DEFEAT STRESS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; EPIGENETIC REGULATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ADRENAL AXIS; DEPRESSION; AUTISM AB Several behavioral interventions, based on social enrichment and observational learning are applied in treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanism of such modulatory effect and the safety of applied methods on individuals involved in social support need further investigation. We took advantage of known differences between inbred mouse strains to reveal the effect of social enrichment on behavior and neurobiology of animals with different behavioral phenotypes. C57BL/6 and DBA/2 female mice displaying multiple differences in cognitive, social, and emotional behavior were group-housed either in same-strain or in mixed-strain conditions. Comprehensive behavioral phenotyping and analysis of expression of several plasticity- and stress-related genes were done to measure the reciprocal effects of social interaction between the strains. Contrary to our expectation, mixed housing did not change the behavior of DBA/2 mice. Nevertheless, the level of serum corticosterone and the expression of glucocorticoid receptor Nr3c1 in the brain were increased in mixed housed DBA/2 as compared with those of separately housed DBA/2 mice. In contrast, socially active C57BL/6 animals were more sensitive to the mixed housing, displaying several signs of stress: alterations in learning, social, and anxiety-like behavior and anhedonia. These behavioral impairments were accompanied by the elevated serum corticosterone and the reduced expression of Nr3c1, as well as the elevated Bdnf levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Our results demonstrate the importance of social factors in modulation of both behavior and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms in stress response, and draw attention to the potential negative impact of social interventions for individuals involved in social support. C1 [Kulesskaya, Natalia; Karpova, Nina N.; Ma, Li; Tian, Li; Voikar, Vootele] Univ Helsinki, Ctr Neurosci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Kulesskaya, N (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Ctr Neurosci, POB 56,Viikinkaari 4, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM natalia.kulesskaya@helsinki.fi; nina.karpova@helsinki.fi FU Biocenter Finland; Helsinki graduate program in biotechnology and molecular biology; Ida Montinin saasto; Academy of Finland FX This work was supported by Biocenter Finland, Helsinki graduate program in biotechnology and molecular biology, Ida Montinin saasto and Academy of Finland. We would like to thank Prof. Heikki Rauvala for critical reading and discussion, and Sissi Pastell for animal care. 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Behav. Neurosci. PD AUG 6 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 257 DI 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00257 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN9BZ UT WOS:000340902200001 PM 25147512 ER PT J AU Kennedy, DP Adolphs, R AF Kennedy, Daniel P. Adolphs, Ralph TI Violations of Personal Space by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ETHOLOGICAL APPROACH; AMYGDALA; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; TRAITS; BRAIN AB The ability to maintain an appropriate physical distance (i.e., interpersonal distance) from others is a critical aspect of social interaction and contributes importantly to real-life social functioning. In Study 1, using parent-report data that had been acquired on a large number of individuals (ages 4-18 years) for the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange and the Simons Simplex Collection, we found that those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; n = 766) more often violated the space of others compared to their unaffected siblings (n = 766). This abnormality held equally across ASD diagnostic categories, and correlated with clinical measures of communication and social functioning. In Study 2, laboratory experiments in a sample of high-functioning adults with ASD demonstrated an altered relationship between interpersonal distance and personal space, and documented a complete absence of personal space in 3 individuals with ASD. Furthermore, anecdotal self-report from several participants confirmed that violations of social distancing conventions continue to occur in real-world interactions through adulthood. We suggest that atypical social distancing behavior offers a practical and sensitive measure of social dysfunction in ASD, and one whose psychological and neurological substrates should be further investigated. C1 [Kennedy, Daniel P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kennedy, Daniel P.; Adolphs, Ralph] CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Adolphs, Ralph] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kennedy, DP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM dpk@indiana.edu; radolphs@hss.caltech.edu FU Simons Foundation [SFARI-07-01]; National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH080721]; Tamagawa University global Centers of Excellence program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology FX This work was supported by the Simons Foundation (SFARI-07-01 to R.A.), the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH080721 to R.A.), and the Tamagawa University global Centers of Excellence program of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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TI Transient Overexposure of Neuregulin 3 during Early Postnatal Development Impacts Selective Behaviors in Adulthood SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; DEVELOPING NEOCORTEX; RECOGNITION MEMORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ANIMAL-MODEL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MICE; RECEPTOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERNEURONS AB Neuregulin 3 (NRG3), a specific ligand for ErbB4 and a neuronal-enriched neurotrophin is implicated in the genetic predisposition to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental, neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, autism and schizophrenia. Genetic studies in schizophrenia demonstrate that risk variants in NRG3 are associated with cognitive and psychotic symptom severity, accompanied by increased expression of prefrontal cortical NRG3. Despite our expanding knowledge of genetic involvement of NRG3 in neurological disorders, little is known about the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of risk. Here we exploited the fact that a paralog of NRG3, NRG1, readily penetrates the murine blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study we synthesized the bioactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain of NRG3, and using previously validated in-vivo peripheral injection methodologies in neonatal mice, demonstrate that NRG3 successfully crosses the BBB, where it activates its receptor ErbB4 and downstream Akt signaling at levels of bioactivity comparable to NRG1. To determine the impact of NRG3 overexpression during one critical developmental window, C57BL/6 male mice were subcutaneously injected daily with NRG1-EGF, NRG3-EGF or vehicle from postnatal days 2-10. Mice were tested in adulthood using a comprehensive battery of behavioral tasks relevant to neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. In agreement with previous studies, developmental overexposure to NRG1 induced multiple non-CNS mediated peripheral effects as well as severely disrupting performance of prepulse inhibition of the startle response. In contrast, NRG3 had no effect on any peripheral measures investigated or sensorimotor gating. Specifically, developmental NRG3 overexposure produced an anxiogenic-like phenotype and deficits in social behavior in adulthood. These results provide primary data to support a role for NRG3 in brain development and function, which appears to be distinct from its paralog NRG1. Furthermore we demonstrate how perturbations in NRG3 expression at distinct developmental stages may contribute to the neurological deficits observed in brain disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. C1 [Paterson, Clare; Law, Amanda J.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Law, Amanda J.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Aurora, CO USA. RP Law, AJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM amanda.law@ucdenver.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health; Brain Behavior Research Foundations, Sidney R. Baer Jr. Award for Schizophrenia Research FX This work was supported by funds from the Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, and from the Brain Behavior Research Foundations, Sidney R. Baer Jr. Award for Schizophrenia Research, awarded to Amanda J. Law at the University of Colorado, Denver, School of Medicine. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Affordances are the possibilities for action offered by the environment. In contrast to ToM approaches, the concept of affordances implies the complementarity of person and environment and rejects the dualism of mind and behavior. In line with the Gibsonian idea that a child must eventually perceive the affordances of the environment for others as well for herself in order to become socialized, I will hypothesize that individuals with ASD often do not perceive the same affordances in the environment as other people do and have difficulties perceiving others' affordances. This can lead to a disruption of interpersonal behaviors. I will further argue that the methods for studying social engagement should be adapted if we want to take interaction into account. C1 Univ Utrecht, Ctr Cognit & Motor Disabil, Dept Special Educ, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Hellendoorn, A (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Ctr Cognit & Motor Disabil, Dept Special Educ, Heidelberglaan 1,POB 80-140, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Psychol. PD AUG 4 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 850 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00850 PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AN6LJ UT WOS:000340705700001 PM 25136327 ER PT J AU Hill, DA Flores, MM Kearley, RF AF Hill, Doris Adams Flores, Margaret M. Kearley, Regina F. TI Maximizing ESY Services: Teaching Pre-Service Teachers to Assess Communication Skills and Implement Picture Exchange With Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Disabilities SO TEACHER EDUCATION AND SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE PECS (TM); autism spectrum disorder; communication; pre-service teachers; ESY Services ID SYSTEM PECS; SPEECH DEVELOPMENT; CHILDREN; METAANALYSIS; INDIVIDUALS AB The authors supervised and trained pre-service teachers while conducting extended school year (ESY) services for pre-kindergarten and elementary students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD). Each classroom was responsible for conducting communication assessments and developing interventions focused on increasing functional communication. One intervention, the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS (TM)), was taught to three pre-service teachers and staff who implemented PECS (TM) with four students who lacked functional communication skills. The teachers were mentored as they implemented the appropriate level of PECS (TM) and developed communication books for the students to use in school, home, and other settings. C1 [Hill, Doris Adams] Auburn Univ, Dept Special Educ Rehabil & Counseling, Educ & Community Supports, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Flores, Margaret M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Special Educ Rehabil & Counseling, Special Educ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kearley, Regina F.] Auburn Univ, Special Edcuat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hill, DA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Special Educ Rehabil & Counseling, 215 South Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. 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Spanagel, Rainer TI Enhanced Extinction of Contextual Fear Conditioning in Clock Delta 19 Mutant Mice SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE circadian; clock; Clock Delta 19 mutant mice; contextual fear conditioning; dopamine; extinction; modafinil ID PLACE PREFERENCE; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; DOPAMINE; COCAINE; RECEPTOR; GENE; ACQUISITION; BEHAVIORS; MODAFINIL; MUTATION AB Clock genes have been implicated in several disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and drug dependence. However, few studies to date have examined the role of clock genes in fear-related behaviors. The authors used mice with the Clock Delta 19 mutation to assess the involvement of this gene in contextual fear conditioning. Male wild-type (WT) and Clock Delta 19 mutant mice underwent a single session of contextual fear conditioning (12 min, 4 unsignaled shocks), followed by daily 12-min retention trials. There were no differences between mutant and WT mice in the acquisition of contextual fear, and WT and mutant mice demonstrated similar freezing during the first retention session. However, extinction of contextual fear was accelerated in mutant mice across the remaining retention sessions, as compared to WT mice, suggesting a role for Clock in extinction following aversive learning. Because the Clock Delta 19 mutation has previously been demonstrated to result in an increase in dopamine signaling, the authors confirmed the role of dopamine in extinction learning using preretention session administration of a low dose of the dopamine transport reuptake inhibitor modafinil (0.75 mg/kg), which resulted in decreased freezing across retention sessions. These findings are consistent with an emerging portrayal of the importance of Clock genes in noncircadian functions, as well as the important role of dopamine in extinction learning. C1 [Bernardi, Rick E.; Spanagel, Rainer] Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Inst Psychopharmacol, Mannheim, Germany. RP Bernardi, RE (reprint author), Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Inst Psychopharmacol, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. EM rick.bernardi@zi-mannheim.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP1226, SP 383/4-1] FX Rick E. Bernardi was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, SPP1226, SP 383/4-1). We report no conflicts of interest. 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Lee, Sungbok Levitt, Pat Narayanan, Shrikanth TI The Psychologist as an Interlocutor in Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment: Insights From a Study of Spontaneous Prosody SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; children; prosody; social communication; assessment; dyadic interaction ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM SDCS; BREATHY VOCAL QUALITY; CHILDREN; SPEECH; COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE; EMOTION; EXTENSIONS; ENGAGEMENT AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between prosodic speech cues and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) severity, hypothesizing a mutually interactive relationship between the speech characteristics of the psychologist and the child. The authors objectively quantified acoustic-prosodic cues of the psychologist and of the child with ASD during spontaneous interaction, establishing a methodology for future large-sample analysis. Method: Speech acoustic-prosodic features were semiautomatically derived from segments of semistructured interviews (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS; Lord, Rutter, DiLavore, & Risi, 1999; Lord et al., 2012) with 28 children who had previously been diagnosed with ASD. Prosody was quantified in terms of intonation, volume, rate, and voice quality. Research hypotheses were tested via correlation as well as hierarchical and predictive regression between ADOS severity and prosodic cues. Results: Automatically extracted speech features demonstrated prosodic characteristics of dyadic interactions. As rated ASD severity increased, both the psychologist and the child demonstrated effects for turn-end pitch slope, and both spoke with atypical voice quality. The psychologist's acoustic cues predicted the child's symptom severity better than did the child's acoustic cues. Conclusion: The psychologist, acting as evaluator and interlocutor, was shown to adjust his or her behavior in predictable ways based on the child's social-communicative impairments. The results support future study of speech prosody of both interaction partners during spontaneous conversation, while using automatic computational methods that allow for scalable analysis on much larger corpora. C1 [Bone, Daniel; Lee, Chi-Chun; Black, Matthew P.; Lee, Sungbok; Narayanan, Shrikanth] Univ So Calif, SAIL, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Williams, Marian E.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Univ Ctr Excellence Dev Disabil, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Williams, Marian E.; Levitt, Pat] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Levitt, Pat] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Bone, D (reprint author), Univ So Calif, SAIL, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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Shelton, W. M. R. Ing, Caleb Newnham, John P. TI Prenatal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Risk Factors for Specific Language Impairment: A Prospective Pregnancy Cohort Study SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE specific language impairment; prenatal; obstetric ID OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; FOLLOW-UP; AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; OUTCOMES; ATTRITION AB Purpose: Although genetic factors are known to play a causal role in specific language impairment (SLI), environmental factors may also be important. This study examined whether there are prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors that are associated with childhood SLI. Method: Participants were members of the Raine Study, a prospective cohort investigation of pregnant women and their offspring. Parent report indicated that 26 children had received a clinical diagnosis of SLI. Data from antenatal and birth medical records were compared between the children with SLI and typically developing comparison children (N = 1,799). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the SLI and comparison groups in the individual prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors examined. Aggregate risk scores were calculated for each period on the basis of factors known to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorder. There were no group differences in aggregate risk scores in the prenatal and perinatal periods. However, significantly more children in the SLI group (50%) compared with the comparison group (27.6%) experienced 2 or more risk factors during the neonatal period. Conclusion: The vast majority of prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal complications do not play a clear causal role in childhood SLI. However, poor neonatal health may signify increased risk for SLI. C1 [Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.; Shelton, W. M. R.] Univ Western Australia, Telethon Kids Inst, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Ing, Caleb] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Newnham, John P.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Whitehouse, AJO (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Telethon Kids Inst, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. EM awhitehouse@ichr.uwa.edu.au FU National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); University of Western Australia (UWA); Curtin University; UWA Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences; Raine Medical Research Foundation; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research; Women and Infants Research Foundation; NHMRC [1004065, 1003424] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for its long-term contribution to funding the study over the last 20 years. Core Management of the Raine Study has been funded by the University of Western Australia (UWA); Curtin University; the UWA Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences; the Raine Medical Research Foundation; the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research; and the Women and Infants Research Foundation. Andrew J. O. Whitehouse is funded by a Career Development Fellowship from the NHMRC (No. 1004065). This study was partly funded by NHMRC Project Grant No. 1003424. These funders had no further role in study design, analysis, data interpretation, or manuscript writing and submission. The authors are extremely grateful to all of the families who took part in this study and the whole Raine Study team, which includes the cohort manager, data manager, and data collection team. 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Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1418 EP 1427 DI 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0186 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AZ4NF UT WOS:000348198000023 PM 24686440 ER PT J AU Kover, ST Weismer, SE AF Kover, Sara T. Weismer, Susan Ellis TI Lexical Characteristics of Expressive Vocabulary in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; statistical learning; vocabulary; language development; production ID LATE-TALKING TODDLERS; COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; SIMILARITY NEIGHBORHOODS; PHONOTACTIC PROBABILITY; LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; COGNITIVE SKILLS; WORKING-MEMORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFANTS; PRESCHOOLERS AB Purpose: Vocabulary is a domain of particular challenge for many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent research has drawn attention to ways in which lexical characteristics relate to vocabulary acquisition. The current study tested the hypothesis that lexical characteristics account for variability in vocabulary size of young children with ASD, applying the extended statistical learning theory of vocabulary delay in late talkers (Stokes, Kern, & Dos Santos, 2012) to toddlers with ASD. Method: Parents reported the words produced by toddlers with ASD (n = 57; age 21-37 months) or toddlers without ASD (n = 41; age 22-26 months) on the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. The average phonological neighborhood density, word frequency, and word length of each toddler's lexicon were calculated. These lexical characteristics served as predictors of vocabulary size. Results: Findings differed for toddlers with and without ASD and according to subsamples. Word length was the most consistent predictor of vocabulary size for toddlers with ASD. Conclusions: Distinct relationships between lexical characteristics and vocabulary size were observed for toddlers with and without ASD. Experimental studies on distributional cues to vocabulary acquisition are needed to inform what is known about mechanisms of learning in neurodevelopmental disorders. C1 [Kover, Sara T.; Weismer, Susan Ellis] Waisman Ctr Mental Retardat & Human Dev, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Kover, Sara T.; Weismer, Susan Ellis] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kover, ST (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM skover@u.washington.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 DC07223, R01 DC03731, T32 DC05359, P30 HD03352] FX This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 DC07223, R01 DC03731, T32 DC05359 (Susan Ellis Weismer, principal investigator [PI]), and P30 HD03352 (Marsha Mailick, PI). We offer sincere appreciation to the families who participated in this study. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1428 EP 1441 DI 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0006 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AZ4NF UT WOS:000348198000024 PM 24687027 ER PT J AU Langone, SR Luiselli, JK Galvin, D Hamill, J AF Langone, Serra R. Luiselli, James K. Galvin, Denise Hamill, Jessica TI Effects of Fixed-Time Release Fading on Frequency and Duration of Aggression-Contingent Physical Restraint (Protective Holding) in a Child With Autism SO CLINICAL CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article DE physical restraint; autism; aggression; restraint reduction; fixed-time release fading ID BEHAVIOR; INJURY; STAFF; IMPLEMENTATION; INTERVENTION; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENTS; PEOPLE; SAFETY AB We report the case of an 11-year-old boy with autism who displayed aggressive behavior and required aggression-contingent physical restraint (protective holding) to protect peers and teachers from injury. During a baseline phase, teachers implemented the boy's behavior support plan and applied protective holding according to a behavior-contingent release (BCR) criterion in which they maintained physical contact with him until he was "calm" for a minimum of 30 consecutive seconds. In the intervention phase, baseline procedures remained in effect, but the teachers terminated protective holding with the boy according to a fixed-time release (FTR) criterion that was independent of his behavior during protective holding and faded (decreased) systematically over time. In contrast to BCR, FTR fading was associated with less exposure to and fewer applications of protective holding. Post-intervention and follow-up results revealed that protective holding was no longer required. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings. C1 [Langone, Serra R.; Luiselli, James K.; Galvin, Denise; Hamill, Jessica] May Inst, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. 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Abbeduto, Leonard TI Sentence Comprehension in Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; grammar; syntax; receptive language; intellectual disability ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES; LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SKILLS; IMPAIRMENT; DELAY AB Purpose: Previous research has suggested that language comprehension might be particularly impaired in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but this profile has been only broadly characterized. In the current study, the authors examined sentence comprehension in school-age boys with ASD, including a subgroup with intellectual disability (ID), with particular attention paid to errors that might differentiate between lexically and syntactically based difficulties. Method: Participants were boys with ASD (n = 45, ages 4-11 years) and younger typically developing boys (n = 45, ages 2-6 years). Comprehension was assessed with the Test for Reception of Grammar-Version 2 (TROG-2; Bishop, 2003). Error types were analyzed for a subset of items. Results: Boys with ASD did not differ from younger typically developing boys matched on receptive vocabulary in overall sentence comprehension on the TROG-2 or the number of lexical errors committed. In contrast, the subgroup of boys with ASD and ID (n = 16) had poorer overall performance and committed more lexical errors than younger typically developing boys matched on nonverbal cognition. Conclusions: On average, comprehension was delayed in school-age boys with ASD but not beyond receptive vocabulary expectations. Boys with ASD and ID, however, had a weakness in sentence comprehension beyond nonverbal cognitive expectations. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0073 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300002 PM 24687049 ER PT J AU Murza, KA Nye, C Schwartz, JB Ehren, BJ Hahs-Vaughn, DL AF Murza, Kimberly A. Nye, Chad Schwartz, Jamie B. Ehren, Barbara J. Hahs-Vaughn, Debbie L. TI A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Inference Generation Strategy Intervention for Adults With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; intervention; language; reading; pragmatics; adults ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; READING-COMPREHENSION; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; STUDENTS; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENTS; SKILLS; MIND AB Purpose: The present intervention study investigated the efficacy of the ACT & Check Strategy intervention to improve inference generation when reading, metacognitive ability, general reading comprehension, and social inference ability in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD). Method: Twenty-five adults with HF-ASD were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group. Treatment sessions were conducted in 1-hr sessions, twice a week, for a total of 6 weeks. 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T., 2001, GRADE GROUP READING Woodbury-Smith MR, 2009, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V18, P2, DOI 10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0 NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 461 EP 473 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0012 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300008 PM 24687182 ER PT J AU Thiemann-Bourque, KS Warren, SF Brady, N Gilkerson, J Richards, JA AF Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy S. Warren, Steven F. Brady, Nancy Gilkerson, Jill Richards, Jeffrey A. TI Vocal Interaction Between Children With Down Syndrome and Their Parents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; speech development; parent-child communication; vocalizations; automated vocal analysis ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; INFANT VOCALIZATIONS; COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION; AUTISM; WORDS; PAIRS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe differences in parent input and child vocal behaviors of children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. The goals were to describe the language learning environments at distinctly different ages in early childhood. Method: Nine children with DS and 9 age-matched TD children participated; 4 children in each group were ages 9-11 months, and 5 were between 25 and 54 months. Measures were derived from automated vocal analysis. A digital language processor measured the richness of the child's language environment, including number of adult words, conversational turns, and child vocalizations. Results: Analyses indicated no significant differences in words spoken by parents of younger versus older children with DS and significantly more words spoken by parents of TD children than parents of children with DS. Differences between the DS and TD groups were observed in rates of all vocal behaviors, with no differences noted between the younger versus older children with DS, and the younger TD children did not vocalize significantly more than the younger DS children. Conclusions: Parents of children with DS continue to provide consistent levels of input across the early language learning years; however, child vocal behaviors remain low after the age of 24 months, suggesting the need for additional and alternative intervention approaches. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-12-0010 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300009 PM 24686777 ER PT J AU Wink, LK O'Melia, AM Shaffer, RC Pedapati, E Friedmann, K Schaefer, T Erickson, CA AF Wink, Logan K. O'Melia, Anne M. Shaffer, Rebecca C. Pedapati, Ernest Friedmann, Katherine Schaefer, Tori Erickson, Craig A. TI Intranasal Ketamine Treatment in an Adult With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article C1 [Wink, Logan K.; Shaffer, Rebecca C.; Pedapati, Ernest; Friedmann, Katherine; Schaefer, Tori; Erickson, Craig A.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [O'Melia, Anne M.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Wink, LK (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM logan.wink@cchmc.org FU Simons Foundation; John Merck Fund; US Department of Defense; Autism Speaks; SynapDx; Cures Within Reach; Angelman Syndrome Foundation FX Dr Wink has been a consultant for Otsuka and has received grant/research support from Simons Foundation, John Merck Fund, US Department of Defense, Autism Speaks, SynapDx, and Cures Within Reach. Dr Shaffer has received grant/research support from Autism Speaks. Dr Erickson has been a consultant for Alcobra, Roche Group, and Confluence Pharmaceuticals; has received grant/research support from Simons Foundation, Angelman Syndrome Foundation, John Merck Fund, US Department of Defense, and Autism Speaks; and is a stock shareholder in Confluence Pharmaceuticals. Drs O'Melia, Pedapati, and Schaefer and Ms Friedmann report no potential conflict of interest. CR Papolos DF, 2013, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V147, P431, DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.040 Tottenham N, 2002, 9 ANN M COGN NEUR SO Zarate CA, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P856, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.8.856 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS PI MEMPHIS PA P O BOX 752870, MEMPHIS, TN 38175-2870 USA SN 0160-6689 EI 1555-2101 J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT JI J. Clin. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 75 IS 8 BP 835 EP 836 DI 10.4088/JCP.13cr08917 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AU3RC UT WOS:000345530300010 PM 25191906 ER PT J AU Du Bois, JW Hobson, RP Hobson, JA AF Du Bois, John W. Hobson, R. Peter Hobson, Jessica A. TI Dialogic resonance and intersubjective engagement in autism SO COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS LA English DT Article DE autism; resonance; dialogic syntax; structural priming; intersubjectivity; identification; stance; attitude; linkage; engagement ID LANGUAGE PRODUCTION; JOINT ATTENTION; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; IDENTIFICATION; CONVERSATION; IMPAIRMENTS; PSYCHOLOGY; IMITATION; DISORDER AB How can we investigate the relation between language and the human capacity for intersubjective engagement? Here we combine insights from linguistics and psychology to study the language of children with autism. We begin by reviewing why it might be worthwhile to study autism from the perspective of dialogic resonance, defined as the catalytic activation of affinities across utterances. Then we report on a controlled study of conversations involving individual children with autism and an interested adult interviewer. According to reliable ratings of the transcribed conversations, each considered as a whole, the speech of participants with autism was characterized by atypical forms of dialogic resonance. On the other hand, the children with autism were similar to control participants insofar as their conversations manifested "typically developed frame grabs" in which dialogic resonance was accompanied by a coherent expansion. These findings were compatible with those that emerged from utterance-by-utterance analyses of the same conversations reported elsewhere (Hobson et al. 2012). To complement the quantitative findings, we present illustrative excerpts of language use. We consider how dialogic resonance relates to structural priming, and consider implications for understanding the relations among intersubjectivity, language, and autism. C1 [Du Bois, John W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Linguist, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hobson, R. Peter] UCL, Tavistock Clin, London WC1E 6BT, England. 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Linguist PD AUG PY 2014 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 411 EP 441 DI 10.1515/cog-2014-0025 PG 31 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA AT7EB UT WOS:000345098600003 ER PT J AU Charles, R Sakurai, T Takahashi, N Elder, GA Sosa, MAG Young, LJ Buxbaum, JD AF Charles, Rhonda Sakurai, Takeshi Takahashi, Nagahide Elder, Gregory A. Sosa, Miguel A. Gama Young, Larry J. Buxbaum, Joseph D. TI Introduction of the human AVPR1A gene substantially alters brain receptor expression patterns and enhances aspects of social behavior in transgenic mice SO DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS LA English DT Article DE AVPR1A; Humanized mouse; Social behavior; Species-specific; Microsatellite; Autism ID ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIOR; VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR; KNOCKOUT MICE; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PROMOTER REGION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MONOGAMOUS VOLE; BINDING-SITES; MESSENGER-RNA; V-1A RECEPTOR AB Central arginine vasopressin receptor 1A(AVPR1A) modulates a wide range of behaviors, including stress management and territorial aggression, as well as social bonding and recognition. Inter- and intra-species variations in the expression pattern of AVPR1A in the brain and downstream differential behavioral phenotypes have been attributed to differences in the non-coding regions of the AVPR1A gene, including polymorphic elements within upstream regulatory areas. Gene association studies have suggested a link between AVPR1A polymorphisms and autism, and AVPR1A has emerged as a potential pharmacological target for treatment of social cognitive impairments and mood and anxiety disorders. To further investigate the genetic mechanism giving rise to species differences in AVPR1A expression patterns and associated social behaviors, and to create a preclinical mouse model useful for screening drugs targeting AVPR1A, we engineered and extensively characterized bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC) transgenic mice harboring the entire human AVPR1A locus with the surrounding regulatory elements. Compared with wild-type animals, the humanized mice displayed a more widely distributed ligand-AVPR1A binding pattern, which overlapped with that of primates. Furthermore, humanized AVPR1A mice displayed increased reciprocal social interactions compared with wild-type animals, but no differences in social approach and preference for social novelty were observed. Aspects of learning and memory, specifically novel object recognition and spatial relocation recognition, were unaffected. The biological alterations in humanized AVPR1A mice resulted in the rescue of the prepulse inhibition impairments that were observed in knockout mice, indicating conserved functionality. Although further behavioral paradigms and additional cohorts need to be examined in humanized AVPR1A mice, the results demonstrate that species-specific variations in the genomic content of regulatory regions surrounding the AVPR1A locus are responsible for differential receptor protein expression patterns across species and that they are likely to contribute to species-specific behavioral variation. The humanized AVPR1A mouse is a potential preclinical model for further understanding the regulation of receptor gene expression and the impact of variation in receptor expression on behaviors, and should be useful for screening drugs targeting human AVPR1A, taking advantage of the expression of human AVPR1A in human-relevant brain regions. C1 [Charles, Rhonda; Sakurai, Takeshi; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Charles, Rhonda; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Sakurai, Takeshi; Takahashi, Nagahide; Elder, Gregory A.; Sosa, Miguel A. Gama; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Elder, Gregory A.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Elder, Gregory A.] James J Peters VA Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. [Sosa, Miguel A. Gama] James J Peters VA Med Ctr, Res & Dev Serv, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. [Young, Larry J.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Ctr Translat Social Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Friedman Brain Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mindich Child Hlth & Dev Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Buxbaum, JD (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM joseph.buxbaum@mssm.edu FU Seaver Foundation; Autism Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health [MH056897, MH064692, P51OD11132] FX This work was supported by the Seaver Foundation and a predoctoral fellowship from the Autism Science Foundation to R. C. Additional support was provided by National Institutes of Health grants [MH056897 and MH064692 to L.J.Y. and P51OD11132 to Yerkes National Primate Research Center]. 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Model. Mech. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1013 EP 1022 DI 10.1242/dmm.017053 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA AT5TF UT WOS:000345004200009 PM 24924430 ER PT J AU Duda, M Kosmicki, JA Wall, DP AF Duda, M. Kosmicki, J. A. Wall, D. P. TI Testing the accuracy of an observation-based classifier for rapid detection of autism risk SO TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC-OBSERVATION-SCHEDULE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REVISED ALGORITHMS; ADOS SCORES; SEVERITY; CHILDREN AB Current approaches for diagnosing autism have high diagnostic validity but are time consuming and can contribute to delays in arriving at an official diagnosis. In a pilot study, we used machine learning to derive a classifier that represented a 72% reduction in length from the gold-standard Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), while retaining >97% statistical accuracy. The pilot study focused on a relatively small sample of children with and without autism. The present study sought to further test the accuracy of the classifier (termed the observation-based classifier (OBC)) on an independent sample of 2616 children scored using ADOS from five data repositories and including both spectrum (n = 2333) and non-spectrum (n = 283) individuals. We tested OBC outcomes against the outcomes provided by the original and current ADOS algorithms, the best estimate clinical diagnosis, and the comparison score severity metric associated with ADOS-2. The OBC was significantly correlated with the ADOS-G (r = -0.814) and ADOS-2 (r = -0.779) and exhibited >97% sensitivity and >77% specificity in comparison to both ADOS algorithm scores. The correspondence to the best estimate clinical diagnosis was also high (accuracy = 96.8%), with sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 83.3%. The correlation between the OBC score and the comparison score was significant (r = -0.628), suggesting that the OBC provides both a classification as well as a measure of severity of the phenotype. These results further demonstrate the accuracy of the OBC and suggest that reductions in the process of detecting and monitoring autism are possible. C1 [Duda, M.; Wall, D. P.] Stanford Univ, Div Syst Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kosmicki, J. A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Analyt & Translat Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kosmicki, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Kosmicki, J. A.] Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Wall, DP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Div Syst Med, Dept Pediat, 1265 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dpwall@stanford.edu FU Simons Foundation; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; Harvard Catalyst Program; National Institutes of Health [1R01MH090611-01A1] FX Work was supported in part by funds to DPW from the Simons Foundation, Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation, the Harvard Catalyst Program, and grant 1R01MH090611-01A1 from the National Institutes of Health. We thank the reviewers whose comments substantially improved the quality of the manuscript. We also thank the families who contributed the data that made this study possible. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 4 AR e424 DI 10.1038/tp.2014.65 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT3HR UT WOS:000344826900005 PM 25116834 ER PT J AU Squillace, M Dodero, L Federici, M Migliarini, S Errico, F Napolitano, F Krashia, P Di Maio, A Galbusera, A Bifone, A Scattoni, ML Pasqualetti, M Mercuri, NB Usiello, A Gozzi, A AF Squillace, M. Dodero, L. Federici, M. Migliarini, S. Errico, F. Napolitano, F. Krashia, P. Di Maio, A. Galbusera, A. Bifone, A. Scattoni, M. L. Pasqualetti, M. Mercuri, N. B. Usiello, A. Gozzi, A. TI Dysfunctional dopaminergic neurotransmission in asocial BTBR mice SO TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; T PLUS TF/J; SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER; GLUR1 AMPA RECEPTOR; MOUSE MODEL; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; D2 RECEPTORS; T+TF/J MICE; UNUSUAL REPERTOIRE; IN-VIVO AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by pronounced social and communication deficits and stereotyped behaviours. Recent psychosocial and neuroimaging studies have highlighted reward-processing deficits and reduced dopamine (DA) mesolimbic circuit reactivity in ASD patients. However, the neurobiological and molecular determinants of these deficits remain undetermined. Mouse models recapitulating ASD-like phenotypes could help generate hypotheses about the origin and neurophysiological underpinnings of clinically relevant traits. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), behavioural and molecular readouts to probe dopamine neurotransmission responsivity in BTBR T+ Itpr3(tf)/J mice (BTBR), an inbred mouse line widely used to model ASD-like symptoms owing to its robust social and communication deficits, and high level of repetitive stereotyped behaviours. C57BL/6J (B6) mice were used as normosocial reference comparators. DA reuptake inhibition with GBR 12909 produced significant striatal DA release in both strains, but failed to elicit fMRI activation in widespread forebrain areas of BTBR mice, including mesolimbic reward and striatal terminals. In addition, BTBR mice exhibited no appreciable motor responses to GBR 12909. DA D1 receptor-dependent behavioural and signalling responses were found to be unaltered in BTBR mice, whereas dramatic reductions in pre-and postsynaptic DA D2 and adenosine A2A receptor function was observed in these animals. Overall these results document profoundly compromised DA D2-mediated neurotransmission in BTBR mice, a finding that is likely to have a role in the distinctive social and behavioural deficits exhibited by these mice. Our results call for a deeper investigation of the role of dopaminergic dysfunction in mouse lines exhibiting ASD-like phenotypes, and possibly in ASD patient populations. C1 [Squillace, M.; Errico, F.; Napolitano, F.; Di Maio, A.; Usiello, A.] Ceinge Biotecnol Avanzate, Naples, Italy. [Dodero, L.; Galbusera, A.; Bifone, A.; Gozzi, A.] Ist Italiano Tecnol, Ctr Neurosci & Cognit Syst, Rovereto, Italy. [Dodero, L.] Ist Italiano Tecnol, Genoa, Italy. [Federici, M.; Krashia, P.; Mercuri, N. B.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Syst Med, Rome, Italy. [Federici, M.; Mercuri, N. B.] IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Lab Neurol Sperimentale, Rome, Italy. [Migliarini, S.; Pasqualetti, M.] Univ Pisa, Dept Biol, Unit Cell & Dev Biol, Pisa, Italy. [Errico, F.; Napolitano, F.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Mol Med & Med Biotechnol, Naples, Italy. [Scattoni, M. L.] Ist Super Sanita, Neurotoxicol & Neuroendocrinol Sect, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Usiello, A.] Univ Naples 2, Dept Environm Biol & Pharmaceut Sci & Technol, Caserta, Italy. RP Usiello, A (reprint author), Ceinge Biotecnol Avanzate, Naples, Italy. EM Alessandro.usiello@ceinge.it; alessandro.gozzi@iit.it FU Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; NARSAD, Italian Ministry of Health 'Young investigators' [GR3-2008]; Simons Foundation [SFARI 314688] FX The study was funded by the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, and supported by a NARSAD Independent Investigator 2013 award (AU), Italian Ministry of Health 'Young investigators' GR3-2008 (MLS) and by a grant from the Simons Foundation (SFARI 314688, AG). 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 4 AR e427 DI 10.1038/tp.2014.69 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT3HR UT WOS:000344826900008 PM 25136890 ER PT J AU Grainger, C Williams, DM Lind, SE AF Grainger, Catherine Williams, David M. Lind, Sophie E. TI Metacognition, Metamemory, and Mindreading in High-Functioning Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; metacognition; metamemory; feeling-of-knowing; theory of mind; mindreading ID ASPERGER SYNDROME; AMNESIC PATIENTS; MEMORY; SELF; CHILDREN; MIND; INDIVIDUALS; EXPERIENCE; JUDGMENTS; KNOWLEDGE AB Metacognition refers to cognition about cognition and encompasses both knowledge of cognitive processes and the ability to monitor and control one's own cognitions. The current study aimed to establish whether metacognition is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). According to some theories, the ability to represent one's own mental states (an aspect of metacognition) relies on the same mechanism as the ability to represent others' mental states ("mindreading"). Given numerous studies have shown mindreading is impaired in ASD, there is good reason to predict concurrent impairments in metacognition. Metacognition is most commonly explored in the context of memory, often by assessing people's ability to monitor their memory processes. The current study addressed the question of whether people with ASD have difficulty monitoring the contents of their memory (alongside impaired mindreading). Eighteen intellectually high-functioning adults with ASD and 18 IQ-and age-matched neurotypical adults participated. Metamemory monitoring ability and mindreading ability were assessed by using a feeling-of-knowing task and the "animations" task, respectively. Participants also completed a self-report measure of metacognitive ability. In addition to showing impaired mindreading, participants with ASD made significantly less accurate feeling-of-knowing judgments than neurotypical adults, suggesting that metamemory monitoring (an aspect of metacognition) was impaired. Conversely, participants with ASD self-reported superior metacognitive abilities compared with those reported by neurotypical participants. This study provides evidence that individuals with ASD have metamemory monitoring impairments. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for our current understanding of metacognition in ASD and typical development are discussed. C1 [Grainger, Catherine; Williams, David M.] Univ Kent, Sch Psychol, Keynes Coll, Canterbury CT2 7NP, Kent, England. [Lind, Sophie E.] City Univ London, Autism Res Grp, Dept Psychol, London, England. RP Grainger, C (reprint author), Univ Kent, Sch Psychol, Keynes Coll, Canterbury CT2 7NP, Kent, England. 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Abnorm. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 123 IS 3 BP 650 EP 659 DI 10.1037/a0036531 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AS1AH UT WOS:000344008000016 PM 24955572 ER PT J AU Meaux, E Roux, S Batty, M AF Meaux, Emilie Roux, Sylvie Batty, Magali TI Early visual ERPs are influenced by individual emotional skills SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE facial expression of emotion; visual ERPs; emotional skills; healthy adults ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; SEX-DIFFERENCES; FEARFUL FACES; CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION; BRAIN POTENTIALS; TIME-COURSE; SOCIAL-INTERACTION AB Processing information from faces is crucial to understanding others and to adapting to social life. Many studies have investigated responses to facial emotions to provide a better understanding of the processes and the neural networks involved. Moreover, several studies have revealed abnormalities of emotional face processing and their neural correlates in affective disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early visual event-related potentials (ERPs) are affected by the emotional skills of healthy adults. Unfamiliar faces expressing the six basic emotions were presented to 28 young adults while recording visual ERPs. No specific task was required during the recording. Participants also completed the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) which measures social and emotional skills. The results confirmed that early visual ERPs (P1, N170) are affected by the emotions expressed by a face and also demonstrated that N170 and P2 are correlated to the emotional skills of healthy subjects. While N170 is sensitive to the subject's emotional sensitivity and expressivity, P2 is modulated by the ability of the subjects to control their emotions. We therefore suggest that N170 and P2 could be used as individual markers to assess strengths and weaknesses in emotional areas and could provide information for further investigations of affective disorders. C1 [Meaux, Emilie; Roux, Sylvie; Batty, Magali] Univ Tours, CHRU Tours, Ctr Univ Pedopsychiat, UMR Inserm U930, F-37044 Tours 9, France. RP Meaux, E (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr, Lab Behav Neurol & Imaging Cognit LabNIC, 1 Rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM Emilie.Meaux@unige.ch FU Foundation ORANGE FX The authors thank all the subjects for their time and effort spent participating in this study. Special thanks are due to Sylvie Roux for her valuable help with the experimental design and analyses. This work was supported by grants from Foundation ORANGE. 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Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1089 EP 1098 DI 10.1093/scan/nst084 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AQ7IA UT WOS:000342984900007 PM 23720573 ER PT J AU Schulte-Ruther, M Greimel, E Piefke, M Kamp-Becker, I Remschmidt, H Fink, GR Herpertz-Dahlmann, B Konrad, K AF Schulte-Ruether, Martin Greimel, Ellen Piefke, Martina Kamp-Becker, Inge Remschmidt, Helmut Fink, Gereon R. Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Konrad, Kerstin TI Age-dependent changes in the neural substrates of empathy in autism spectrum disorder SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE social cognition; theory of mind; medial prefrontal cortex; facial emotion; developmental trajectories ID NETWORKS SUPPORTING EMPATHY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; MIRROR NEURON; MIND; BRAIN; CHILDREN; SELF AB In typical development, empathic abilities continue to refine during adolescence and early adulthood. Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show deficits in empathy, whereas adults with ASD may have developed compensatory strategies. We aimed at comparing developmental trajectories in the neural mechanisms underlying empathy in individuals with ASD and typically developing control (TDC) subjects. Using an explicit empathizing paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging, 27 participants with ASD and 27 TDC aged 12-31 years were investigated. Participants were asked to empathize with emotional faces and to either infer the face's emotional state (other-task) or to judge their own emotional response (self-task). Differential age-dependent changes were evident during the self-task in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right medial prefrontal cortex, right inferior parietal cortex, right anterior insula and occipital cortex. Age-dependent decreases in neural activation in TDC were paralleled by either increasing or unchanged age-dependent activation in ASD. These data suggest ASD-associated deviations in the developmental trajectories of self-related processing during empathizing. In TDC, age-dependent modulations of brain areas may reflect the 'fine-tuning' of cortical networks by reduction of task-unspecific brain activity. Increased age-related activation in individuals with ASD may indicate the development of compensatory mechanisms. C1 [Schulte-Ruether, Martin; Greimel, Ellen; Konrad, Kerstin] Univ Hosp RWTH Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Child Neuropsychol Sect, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Schulte-Ruether, Martin; Greimel, Ellen; Piefke, Martina; Fink, Gereon R.; Konrad, Kerstin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med INM 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Schulte-Ruether, Martin; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate; Konrad, Kerstin] Univ Hosp Munich, JARA Translat Brain Med, Munich, Germany. [Greimel, Ellen] Univ Hosp Munich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Munich, Germany. [Piefke, Martina] Univ Witten Herdecke, Dept Psychol & Psychotherapy, Witten, Germany. [Kamp-Becker, Inge; Remschmidt, Helmut] Univ Marburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Marburg, Germany. [Fink, Gereon R.] Univ Hosp Cologne, Dept Neurol, Cologne, Germany. [Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate] Univ Hosp RWTH Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Aachen, Germany. RP Schulte-Ruther, M (reprint author), Univ Hosp RWTH Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Child Neuropsychol Sect, Neuenhofer Weg 21, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. EM mschulte@ukaachen.de RI Konrad, Kerstin/H-7747-2013; Fink, Gereon/E-1616-2012 OI Konrad, Kerstin/0000-0001-9039-2615; Fink, Gereon/0000-0002-8230-1856 FU Bundeministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [01GW0751]; Hans-Lungwitz-Foundation FX The authors are grateful to all volunteers who took part in this study. They thank their colleagues in the Brain Imaging Physics (INM-4) and Cognitive Neuroscience groups (INM-3) at the Research Center Julich (Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine) and the Child Neuropsychology section at the University Hospital RWTH Aachen for their support and helpful advice. K.K. and B.H.-D. were supported by the Bundeministerium fur Bildung und Forschung grant 01GW0751. M. P. was supported by a grant from the Hans-Lungwitz-Foundation. 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However, the concept empathy encompasses several socio-emotional and behavioral components underpinned by interacting brain circuits. This study examined empathic arousal and social understanding in individuals with ASD and matched controls by combining pressure pain thresholds (PPT) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (study 1) and electroencephalography/event-related potentials and eye-tracking responses (study 2) to empathy-eliciting stimuli depicting physical bodily injuries. Results indicate that participants with ASD had lower PPT than controls. When viewing body parts being accidentally injured, increased hemodynamic responses in the somatosensory cortex (SI/SII) but decreased responses in the anterior mid-cingulate and anterior insula as well as heightened N2 but preserved late-positive potentials (LPP) were detected in ASD participants. When viewing a person intentionally hurting another, decreased hemodynamic responses in the medial prefrontal cortex and reduced LPP were observed in the ASD group. PPT was a mediator for the SI/SII response in predicting subjective unpleasantness ratings to others' pain. Both ASD and control groups had comparable mu suppression, indicative of typical sensorimotor resonance. The findings demonstrate that, in addition to reduced pain thresholds, individuals with ASD exhibit heightened empathic arousal but impaired social understanding when perceiving others' distress. C1 [Fan, Yang-Teng; Chen, Chenyi; Chen, Shih-Chuan; Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Fan, Yang-Teng; Chen, Chenyi; Chen, Shih-Chuan; Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Brain Res Ctr, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Decety, Jean] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Decety, Jean] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ Hosp, Dept Rehabil, Yilan, Taiwan. RP Cheng, YW (reprint author), Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, 155,Sec 2,St Linong, Taipei 112, Taiwan. EM ywcheng2@ym.edu.tw FU National Science Council [NSC 99-2314-B-010-037-MY3, NSC 100-2628-H-010-001-MY3]; National Yang-Ming University Hospital [RD 2011-005]; Health Department of Taipei City Government [10201-62-064]; Ministry of Education (Aim for the Top University Plan); NSF [BCS-0718480] FX The authors thank Dr. Yu-Yu Wu for helpful support on clinical assessments. The study was funded by National Science Council (NSC 99-2314-B-010-037-MY3; NSC 100-2628-H-010-001-MY3), National Yang-Ming University Hospital (RD 2011-005), the Health Department of Taipei City Government (10201-62-064) and a grant from the Ministry of Education (Aim for the Top University Plan). Dr. Jean Decety was supported by an NSF grant (BCS-0718480). 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However, the exact temporal sequence of deficits of cortical biological motion processing in ASD has not been studied to date. We used 64-channel electroencephalography to study event-related potentials associated with human motion perception in 17 children and adolescents with ASD and 21 typical controls. A spatio-temporal source analysis was performed to assess the brain structures involved in these processes. We expected altered activity already during early stimulus processing and reduced activity during subsequent biological motion specific processes in ASD. In response to both, random and biological motion, the P100 amplitude was decreased suggesting unspecific deficits in visual processing, and the occipito-temporal N200 showed atypical lateralization in ASD suggesting altered hemispheric specialization. A slow positive deflection after 400 ms, reflecting top-down processes, and human motion-specific dipole activation differed slightly between groups, with reduced and more diffuse activation in the ASD-group. The latter could be an indicator of a disrupted neuronal network for biological motion processing in ADS. Furthermore, early visual processing (P100) seems to be correlated to biological motion-specific activation. This emphasizes the relevance of early sensory processing for higher order processing deficits in ASD. C1 [Kroeger, Anne; Bletsch, Anke; Siniatchkin, Michael; Jarczok, Tomasz A.; Freitag, Christine M.; Bender, Stephan] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. [Krick, Christoph] Saarland Univ Hosp, Dept Neuroradiol, D-66424 Homburg, Germany. [Bender, Stephan] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. RP Kroger, A (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. EM Anne.Kroeger@kgu.de FU foundation of Marie Christine Held and Erika Hecker; German Research foundation 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' [FR2069/2-1]; LOEWE-Program 'Neuronal Coordination Research Focus Frankfurt' (NeFF) FX First, we thank all families, who supported our work by participating in our study. We also thank Jennifer Bohm and Katharina Hof for assistance with the data collection, Benjamin Teufert for data calculations and our clinical colleagues for helping us with recruiting participants. This work was supported by the foundation of Marie Christine Held and Erika Hecker to A.K., the German Research foundation 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' to C.M.F. (FR2069/2-1), and by the LOEWE-Program 'Neuronal Coordination Research Focus Frankfurt' (NeFF) to C.M.F. and S.B. 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Camacho, Fabian Leslie, Douglas TI Psychotropic medication trends among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in the Medicaid program SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; children and adolescents; Medicaid; psychotropic medications ID PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; DRUGS AB This study characterized psychotropic medication use among Medicaid-enrolled children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders by examining trends over time, including length of treatment and polypharmacy using 4 years of administrative claims data from 41 state Medicaid programs (2000-2003). The data set included nearly 3 million children and adolescents who were 17 years or younger. Approximately, 65% of children with autism spectrum disorder received a psychotropic medication. The results indicate an increasing overall trend in the use of psychotropic drugs among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Among the different classes of psychotropic drugs, antipsychotics were the most common. Increasing trends in polypharmacy were observed both within and between medication classes. C1 [Schubart, Jane R.; Camacho, Fabian; Leslie, Douglas] Penn State Univ, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Schubart, JR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Surg Med & Publ Hlth Sci, 500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. 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Elia, Maurizio TI Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in performing eye-hand integration tasks: Four preliminary studies with children showing low-functioning autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; premotor cortex; rehabilitation; transcranial magnetic stimulation ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TOOL USE; MOTOR; ATTENTION; CORTEX; BRAIN; INTERFERENCE; PREVALENCE; DEFICITS AB This report, based on four studies with children with low-functioning autism, aimed at evaluating the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered on the left and right premotor cortices on eye-hand integration tasks; defining the long-lasting effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; and investigating the real efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation by comparing three kinds of treatments (high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, a traditional eye-hand integration training, and both treatments combined). Results showed a significant increase in eye-hand performances only when high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered on the left premotor cortex; a persistent improvement up to 1 h after the end of the stimulation; better outcomes in the treatment combining high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and eye-hand integration training. Based on these preliminary findings, further evaluations on the usefulness of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rehabilitation of children with autism are strongly recommended. C1 [Panerai, Simonetta; Tasca, Domenica; Lanuzza, Bartolo; Trubia, Grazia; Ferri, Raffaele; Musso, Sabrina; Di Guardo, Giuseppe; Barone, Concetta; Gaglione, Maria P.; Elia, Maurizio] IRCCS Assoc Oasi Maria SS, Troina, EN, Italy. [Alagona, Giovanna] Azienda Osped Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy. RP Panerai, S (reprint author), Oasi Inst Res Mental Retardat & Brain Aging, Via Conte Ruggero 73, I-94018 Troina, EN, Italy. 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Muncer, Steven J. TI Parents' views of the National Autistic Society's EarlyBird Plus Programme SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; EarlyBird Plus; parent training programme; post-diagnostic support; psychoeducation ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDER; DOWN-SYNDROME; INTERVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; MOTHERS AB Parent training interventions are recommended for parents soon after their child's autism spectrum condition diagnosis with the aim of improving parents' psychological well-being and coping, as well as the child's behaviour. This report explores parents' views of the EarlyBird Plus Programme through data collected routinely in the post-programme questionnaire. Participants' reported increased understanding of autism and improvements in their communication with their child and their ability to manage their child's behaviour. Parents appeared to value the opportunity to meet with other parents, and the programme seemed acceptable to the majority of parents who attended. 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This preliminary randomized controlled open trial with a parallel design developed two group interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorders and intelligence within the normal range: cognitive behavioural therapy and recreational activity. Both interventions comprised 36 weekly 3-h sessions led by two therapists in groups of 6-8 patients. A total of 68 psychiatric patients with autism spectrum disorders participated in the study. Outcome measures were Quality of Life Inventory, Sense of Coherence Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and an exploratory analysis on measures of psychiatric health. Participants in both treatment conditions reported an increased quality of life at post-treatment (d = 0.39, p < 0.001), with no difference between interventions. No amelioration of psychiatric symptoms was observed. The dropout rate was lower with cognitive behavioural therapy than with recreational activity, and participants in cognitive behavioural therapy rated themselves as more generally improved, as well as more improved regarding expression of needs and understanding of difficulties. Both interventions appear to be promising treatment options for adults with autism spectrum disorder. The interventions' similar efficacy may be due to the common elements, structure and group setting. Cognitive behavioural therapy may be additionally beneficial in terms of increasing specific skills and minimizing dropout. C1 [Hesselmark, Eva; Plenty, Stephanie; Bejerot, Susanne] Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Bejerot, Susanne] St Goran Hosp, VUB KOGNUS, Northern Stockholm Psychiat, SE-11281 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hesselmark, E (reprint author), St Goran Hosp, VUB KOGNUS, Northern Stockholm Psychiat, SE-11281 Stockholm, Sweden. 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This study examined explicit (i.e. prompted) and implicit (i.e. spontaneous) variants of social cognition testing in autism spectrum disorder. A sample of 19 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and 19 carefully matched typically developing controls completed the Dewey Story Test. 'Explicit' (multiple-choice answering format) and 'implicit' (free interview) measures of social cognition were obtained. Autism spectrum disorder participants did not differ from controls regarding explicit social cognition performance. However, the autism spectrum disorder group performed more poorly than controls on implicit social cognition performance in terms of spontaneous perspective taking and social awareness. 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Campbell, Susan B. Butler, Derrecka Iverson, Jana M. TI Maternal verbal responses to communication of infants at low and heightened risk of autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; communication development; gesture; parent verbal responsiveness ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; SIBLINGS; LANGUAGE; MOTHERS; SPECTRUM; GESTURES AB This study investigates mothers' responses to infant communication among infants at heightened genetic risk (high risk) of autism spectrum disorder compared to infants with no such risk (low risk). A total of 26 infants, 12 of whom had an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder, were observed during naturalistic in-home interaction and semistructured play with their mothers at 13 and 18 months of age. Results indicate that overall, mothers of low-risk and high-risk infants were highly and similarly responsive to their infants' communicative behaviors. 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How typically developing children respond initially to children with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; facial expressivity; first impressions; friendship formation ID PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; IMPRESSION-FORMATION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; 1ST IMPRESSIONS; EMOTION; INTERVENTION; CONSEQUENCES; PERCEPTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; LONELINESS AB Research investigating expressivity in children with autism spectrum disorder has reported flat affect or bizarre facial expressivity within this population; however, the impact expressivity may have on first impression formation has received little research input. We examined how videos of children with autism spectrum disorder were rated for expressivity by adults blind to the condition. We further investigated the friendship ratings given by 44 typically developing children to the same videos. These ratings were compared to friendship ratings given to video clips of typically developing children. Results demonstrated that adult raters, blind to the diagnosis of the children in the videos, rated children with autism spectrum disorder as being less expressive than typically developing children. These autism spectrum disorder children were also rated lower than typically developing children on all aspects of our friendship measures by the 44 child raters. Results suggest that impression formation is less positive towards children with autism spectrum disorder than towards typically developing children even when exposure time is brief. C1 [Stagg, Steven D.] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. [Slavny, Rachel; Hand, Charlotte; Cardoso, Alice; Smith, Pamela] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. RP Stagg, SD (reprint author), Anglia Ruskin Univ, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. 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Burrell, T. Lindsey Jaquess, David L. TI The Autism MEAL Plan: A parent-training curriculum to manage eating aversions and low intake among children with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; food selectivity; intervention; mealtime problems; parent training; pediatric feeding disorders ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FEEDING PROBLEMS; FOOD SELECTIVITY; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; TREATMENT PROGRAM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OUTCOMES; INTERVENTION; FAMILIES; STRESS AB Feeding problems represent a frequent concern reported by caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders, and growing evidence suggests atypical patterns of intake may place this population at risk of nutritional and/or related medical issues, including chronic vitamin and mineral deficiencies, poor bone growth, and obesity. This combination of factors emphasizes a clear need to identify and disseminate evidence-based treatment of feeding problems associated with autism spectrum disorders. Behavioral intervention represents an effective treatment for chronic feeding concerns in this population; however, evidence has largely been established with trained therapists working in highly structured settings. This pilot study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by describing and evaluating the Autism MEAL Plan, a behaviorally based parent-training curriculum to address feeding problems associated with autism spectrum disorders. We assessed the feasibility of the intervention in terms of program content and study protocol (e. g. recruitment and retention of participants, assessment procedures), as well as efficacy in terms of changes in feeding behaviors. A total of 10 families participated in the treatment condition, and the program was evaluated using a waitlist control design (n = 9), representing the first randomized-control study of a feeding intervention in autism spectrum disorders. Results provide provisional support regarding the utility of the program, including high social validity, parent perception of effectiveness, and reduced levels of caregiver stress following intervention. Implications, limitations, and future directions for this line of research are discussed. C1 [Sharp, William G.; Burrell, T. Lindsey; Jaquess, David L.] Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Sharp, William G.; Jaquess, David L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Burrell, T. Lindsey] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Sharp, WG (reprint author), Marcus Autism Ctr, Pediat Psychol & Feeding Disorders Program, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. 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Method: A total of 32 children aged 9-13 years were randomised to immediate or delayed therapy using the 'Exploring Feelings' manual (Attwood, 2004). Child and parent groups were run in parallel, for seven weekly sessions, under the supervision of experienced psychologists. The primary blinded outcome measures addressed change in overall functioning and in severity of the primary anxiety diagnosis after 3 months. Results: Children met diagnostic criteria for 1-6 anxiety disorders (median 3). At end point, both parents and children in the immediate therapy group were more likely to report a reduction in anxiety symptoms. Fidelity of delivery of the group therapy was high, and attendance was 91%. Conclusions: This pilot trial established that children and families were willing to be recruited and randomised, the outcome measures were acceptable, the format and content of the groups were feasible within UK child and adolescent mental health services, the intervention was appreciated by families and attrition was very small. C1 [McConachie, Helen; Rodgers, Jacqui; Freeston, Mark; Hemm, Cahley; Steen, Nick; Le Couteur, Ann] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England. [McLaughlin, Eleanor; Grahame, Victoria; Taylor, Helen; Honey, Emma; Tavernor, Laura] Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Fdn Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP McConachie, H (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Royal Victoria Infirm, Inst Hlth & Soc, Sir James Spence Inst, 3rd Floor, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England. 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We examined three groups of children (18-60 months) comparable in age (18-24 month, 24-36 month, 36-60 preschool subgroups) and gender distribution: n = 86 with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.) autism spectrum disorders; n = 76 with developmental delay without autism spectrum disorders; and n = 97 with typical development. The Three-Item Direct Observation Screen test included the following (a) Joint Attention, (b) Eye Contact, and (c) Responsiveness to Name. The parent Social Communication Questionnaire ratings had a sensitivity of .73 and specificity of .70 for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. The Three-Item Direct Observation Screen test item Joint Attention had a sensitivity of .82 and specificity of .90, Eye Contact had a sensitivity of .89 and specificity of .91, and Responsiveness to Name had a sensitivity of .67 and specificity of .87. In the Three-Item Direct Observation Screen test, having at least one of the three items positive had a sensitivity of .95 and specificity of .85. Age, diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and developmental level were important factors affecting sensitivity and specificity. The results indicate that augmentation of autism spectrum disorder screening by observational items completed by trained pediatric-oriented professionals can be a highly effective tool in improving screening performance. If supported by future population studies, the results suggest that primary care practitioners will be able to be trained to use this direct procedure to augment screening for autism spectrum disorders in the community. C1 [Oner, Pinar; Oner, Ozgur] Dr Sami Ulus Childrens Hosp, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Autism Ctr Excellence, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. [Munir, Kerim] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Munir, Kerim] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Oner, O (reprint author), Dr Sami Ulus Childrens Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. 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TI The presence of migraines and its association with sensory hyperreactivity and anxiety symptomatology in children with autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE anxiety; autism; hyperreactivity; migraines; sensory processing ID OVER-RESPONSIVITY; SYMPTOMS AB Migraine headaches are associated with sensory hyperreactivity and anxiety in the general population, but it is unknown whether this is also the case in autism spectrum disorders. This pilot study asked parents of 81 children (aged 7-17 years) with autism spectrum disorders to report their child's migraine occurrence, sensory hyperreactivity (Sensory Over-Responsivity Inventory), and anxiety symptoms (Spence Child Anxiety Scale). Children with autism spectrum disorders who experienced migraine headaches showed greater sensory hyperreactivity and anxiety symptomatology (p < 0.01; medium effect size for both) than those without migraines. Sensory hyperreactivity and anxiety symptomatology were additionally correlated (rho = 0.31, p = 0.005). This study provides preliminary evidence for a link between migraine headaches, sensory hyperreactivity, and anxiety symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders, which may suggest strategies for subtyping and exploring a common pathogenesis. C1 [Sullivan, Jillian C.; Miller, Lucy J.; Nielsen, Darcy M.; Schoen, Sarah A.] Sensory Proc Disorder Fdn, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. [Miller, Lucy J.; Schoen, Sarah A.] Rocky Mt Univ Hlth Profess, Provo, UT USA. [Miller, Lucy J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA. RP Sullivan, JC (reprint author), Sensory Proc Disorder Fdn, 5420 S Quebec St,Suite 135, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. 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Mandell, David S. TI Home- and Community-Based Waivers for Children With Autism: Effects on Service Use and Costs SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Medicaid; outpatient care; inpatient/long-term care; home- and community-based waivers ID HEALTH-CARE EXPENDITURES; LONG-TERM CARE; MEDICAID HOME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROGRAM; DIAGNOSIS; CLAIMS; STATES AB We examined (a) the associations between Medicaid home and community-based waiver participation and service use and expenditures among children with ASD; and (b) how states' waiver spending moderates these effects. We used 2005 Medicaid claims to identify a sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We selected two comparison groups who had no waiver participation: (a) children who were eligible for Medicaid through disability (disability group), and (b) children who had at least one inpatient/long-term care (IP/LT) episode (IP/LT group). Waiver participants were less likely to use IP/LT services and had lower associated expenditures than the disability group. As states' waiver spending increased, waiver participants became increasingly less likely to use IP/LT services. Waiver participants had more outpatient visits and associated expenditures; this difference increased as state waiver spending increased. Compared with the IP/LT group, waiver participants had lower IP/LT expenditures, more outpatient visits, and associated expenditures. Higher state waiver generosity increased this effect on outpatient visits and expenditures. C1 [Cidav, Zuleyha; Marcus, Steven C.; Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Cidav, Z (reprint author), Univ Penn, 3535 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Dev. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 52 IS 4 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1352/1934-9556-52.4.239 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AQ3VW UT WOS:000342722600001 PM 25061768 ER PT J AU Mehling, MH Tasse, MJ AF Mehling, Margaret H. Tasse, Marc J. TI Empirically Derived Model of Social Outcomes and Predictors for Adults With ASD SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; social outcomes; community inclusion; social relationships; friendships; choice; access to services; social determination; National Core Indicators ID RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; FOLLOW-UP; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENCE; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB This study used data from the National Core Indicators (NCI) Survey to derive an empirically validated measurement model for social outcomes and associated constructs for both individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and individuals with other disabilities. Items consistent with the survey structure of the NCI were selected as initial indicators of the latent constructs Social Relationships, Community Inclusion, and Opportunity for Choice in factor analyses. Results yielded a novel factor structure that is different from the original NCI survey structure. Three factors emerged as a result of these analyses: Personal Control, Social Determination, and Social Participation and Relationships. The factor structure of each of these constructs was consistent although not identical across individuals with ASD and individuals with developmental disabilities other than ASD. C1 [Mehling, Margaret H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tasse, Marc J.] Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mehling, MH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Nisonger Ctr, McCampbell Hall,1581 Dodd Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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A., 1996, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V11, P3 Seltzer MM, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P565, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000005995.02453.0b Seltzer MM, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P234, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20038 Smith KRM, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P1366, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.002 Venter A., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P187 Whitehouse AJO, 2009, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V44, P511, DOI 10.1080/13682820802708098 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER ASSOC INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA SN 1934-9491 EI 1934-9556 J9 INTELLECT DEV DISAB JI Intellect. Dev. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 52 IS 4 BP 282 EP 295 DI 10.1352/1934-9556-52.4.282 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AQ3VW UT WOS:000342722600005 PM 25061772 ER PT J AU Wehman, P Chan, F Ditchman, N Kang, HJ AF Wehman, Paul Chan, Fong Ditchman, Nicole Kang, Hyun-Ju TI Effect of Supported Employment on Vocational Rehabilitation Outcomes of Transition-Age Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Case Control Study SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE supported employment; intellectual disability; developmental disability; vocational rehabilitation; propensity score matching ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; YOUNG-ADULTS; EXPERIENCES; SERVICES; SCHOOL; WORK AB The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supported employment intervention on the employment outcomes of transition-age youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities served by the public vocational rehabilitation system using a case-control study design. Data for this study were extracted from the Rehabilitation Services Administration Case Service Report (RSA911) database for fiscal year 2009. The sample included 23,298 youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities aged between 16 and 25 years old at the time of application. The classification and regression tree (CART) method was used to estimate propensity scores and to adjust for selection bias on the basis of all prominent covariates relevant to the dependent variable (i.e., competitive employment). Results yielded six homogeneous subgroups, and receipt of supported employment was found to increase the employment rates across all of the groups. The effect of supported employment was especially strong for youth who were Social Security beneficiaries, special education students, and individuals with intellectual disabilities or autism who were high school graduates. These findings suggest that supported employment is an effective service for enhancing the vocational rehabilitation outcomes of young adults and provides valuable information for policy makers, health care providers, rehabilitation counselors, and educators. C1 [Wehman, Paul] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Chan, Fong] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Rehabil Res & Training Ctr Evidence Based Vocat R, Madison, WI USA. [Ditchman, Nicole] IIT, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Kang, Hyun-Ju] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Rehabil Psychol & Special Educ, Madison, WI USA. RP Wehman, P (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, 1314 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. 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Government Accountability Office, 2005, GAO05865 Wehman P, 2005, J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB, V20, P115, DOI 10.1097/00001199-200503000-00001 Wehman P, 2014, J DISABIL POLICY STU, V25, P30, DOI 10.1177/1044207313518071 Wehman P., 2014, PREDICTORS SUC UNPUB Wehman P., 2012, RES PRACT PERS SEV D, V37, P1 Wehman P, 1981, COMPETITIVE EMPLOYME Wehman P., 2007, REAL WORK REAL PAY I Wehman P., 1997, SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT WEHMAN PH, 1991, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V72, P101 Zhang H, 1999, RECURSIVE PARTITIONI NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ASSOC INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA SN 1934-9491 EI 1934-9556 J9 INTELLECT DEV DISAB JI Intellect. Dev. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 52 IS 4 BP 296 EP 310 DI 10.1352/1934-9556-52.4.296 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AQ3VW UT WOS:000342722600006 PM 25061773 ER PT J AU Seltzer, LE Ma, MD Ahmed, S Bertrand, M Dobyns, WB Wheless, J Paciorkowski, AR AF Seltzer, Laurie E. Ma, Mandy Ahmed, Sohnee Bertrand, Mary Dobyns, William B. Wheless, James Paciorkowski, Alex R. TI Epilepsy and outcome in FOXG1-related disorders SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE FOXG1; 14q12; Infantile spasms; Epilepsy; Developmental outcome ID RETT-SYNDROME; INFANTILE SPASMS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CONGENITAL VARIANT; FOXG1; PHENOTYPE; ENCEPHALOPATHIES; GENOTYPE; 14Q12; TELENCEPHALON AB Objective: FOXG1-related disorders are associated with severe intellectual disability, absent speech with autistic features, and epilepsy. Children with deletions or intragenic mutations of FOXG1 also have postnatal microcephaly, morphologic abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and choreiform movements. Duplications of 14q12 often present with infantile spasms, and have subsequent intellectual disability with autistic features. Long-term epilepsy outcome and response to treatment have not been studied systematically in a well-described cohort of subjects with FOXG1-related disorders. We report on the epilepsy features and developmental outcome of 23 new subjects with deletions or intragenic mutations of FOXG1, and 7 subjects with duplications. Methods: Subjects had either chromosomal microarray or FOXG1 gene sequencing performed as part of routine clinical care. Development and epilepsy follow-up data were collected from medical records from treating neurologists and through telephone parental interviews using standardized questionnaires. Results: Epilepsy was diagnosed in 87% of the subjects with FOXG1-related disorders. The mean age of epilepsy diagnosis in FOXG1 duplications was significantly younger than those with deletions/intragenic mutations (p = 0.0002). All of the duplication FOXG1 children with infantile spasms responded to hormonal therapy, and only one required long-term antiepileptic therapy. In contrast, more children with deletions/intragenic mutations required antiepileptic drugs on follow-up (p < 0.0005). All subjects with FOXG1-related disorders had neurodevelopmental disabilities after 3 years of age, regardless of the epilepsy type or intractability of seizures. All had impaired verbal language and social contact, and three duplication subjects were formally diagnosed with autism. Subjects with deletion/intragenic mutations, however, had significantly worse ambulation (p = 0.04) and functional hand use (p < 0.0005). Significance: Epilepsy and developmental outcome characteristics allow clinicians to distinguish among the FOXG1-related disorders. Further genotype-phenotype studies of FOXG1 may help to elucidate why children develop different forms of developmental epilepsy. C1 [Seltzer, Laurie E.; Ahmed, Sohnee; Paciorkowski, Alex R.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Ma, Mandy; Bertrand, Mary] Washington Univ, Pediat Epilepsy Ctr, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO USA. [Bertrand, Mary] Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, Pediat Epilepsy Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Dobyns, William B.] Univ Washington, Ctr Integrat Brain Res, Seattle Res Inst, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dobyns, William B.] Univ Washington, Ctr Integrat Brain Res, Seattle Res Inst, Div Genet Med,Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wheless, James] LeBonheur Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. [Wheless, James] Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA. [Paciorkowski, Alex R.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Neural Dev & Dis, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Paciorkowski, Alex R.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Neural Dev & Dis, Dept Biomed Genet, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Paciorkowski, AR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Alex_Paciorkowski@urmc.rochester.edu FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [K12NS066098, R01NS058721]; Child Neurology Foundation; [K08NS078054] FX We wish to acknowledge the FOXG1 Foundation for referring subjects to this study. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award numbers K12NS066098 (to L. E. S.) R01NS058721 (to W. B. D.), the Child Neurology Foundation Logan Infantile Spasms Award (to A. R. P), and K08NS078054 (to A.R.P.). 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Puzia, Megan E. Weissman, Alexandra B. Kim, Kerri L. Laird, Angela R. Dickstein, Daniel P. TI Developmental Meta-analyses of the Functional Neural Correlates of Bipolar Disorder SO JAMA PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; MOTOR INHIBITION; ALE METAANALYSIS; NATIONAL TRENDS; FOLLOW-UP; BRAIN AB IMPORTANCE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mental illness associated with high costs to diagnosed individuals and society. Within the past 2 decades, increasing numbers of children and adolescents have been diagnosed as having BD. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have begun to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying BD, few have directly compared differences in youths with BD and adults with BD (hereafter BD-youths and BD-adults, respectively). OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that BD-youths (<18 years old) would show greater convergence of amygdala hyperactivation and prefrontal cortical hypoactivation vs BD-adults. DATA SOURCES PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched on July 17, 2013, for original, task-related coordinate-based fMRI articles. STUDY SELECTION In total, 21 pediatric studies, 73 adult studies, and 2 studies containing distinct pediatric and adult groups within the same study met inclusion criteria for our ALE analyses. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Coordinates of significant between-group differences were extracted from each published study. Recent improvements in GingerALE software were used to perform direct comparisons of pediatric and adult fMRI findings. We conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses directly comparing the voxelwise convergence of fMRI findings in BD-youths vs BD-adults, both relative to healthy control (HC) participants. RESULTS Analyses of emotional face recognition fMRI studies showed significantly greater convergence of amygdala hyperactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults. More broadly, analyses of fMRI studies using emotional stimuli showed significantly greater convergence of hyperactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults in the inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus. In contrast, analyses of fMRI studies using nonemotional cognitive tasks and analyses aggregating emotional and nonemotional tasks showed significantly greater convergence of hypoactivation among BD-youths than BD-adults in the anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our data suggest that amygdala, prefrontal, and visual system hyperactivation is important in the emotional dysfunction present in BD-youths, as well as that anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivation is relevant to the cognitive deficits in BD-youths. Future studies are required to determine if the developmental fMRI differences between BD-youths and BD-adults identified by our ALE meta-analyses are useful as brain-based diagnostic or treatment markers of BD, including either longitudinal neuroimaging studies of BD-youths as they become adults or cross-sectional imaging studies directly comparing BD-youths with BD-adults. C1 [Wegbreit, Ezra; Cushman, Grace K.; Puzia, Megan E.; Weissman, Alexandra B.; Kim, Kerri L.; Dickstein, Daniel P.] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Pediat Mood Imaging & Neurodev Program, East Providence, RI 02915 USA. [Wegbreit, Ezra; Cushman, Grace K.; Puzia, Megan E.; Weissman, Alexandra B.; Kim, Kerri L.; Dickstein, Daniel P.] Bradley Hosp, East Providence, RI USA. [Laird, Angela R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Wegbreit, E (reprint author), Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Pediat Mood Imaging & Neurodev Program, 1011 Vet Mem Pkwy, East Providence, RI 02915 USA. EM ezra_wegbreit@brown.edu FU National Institutes of Health [5T32-MH019927-20, R01-MH074457, R01-MH084812, 5R01-MH087513, 1R21-MH096850, 1R01-MH099703, 5R01-MH092450] FX Dr Wegbreit is supported by grant 5T32-MH019927-20 from the National Institutes of Health. Dr Laird is supported by grants R01-MH074457 and R01-MH084812 from the National Institutes of Health. Mss Cushman, Puzia, and Weissman and Drs Kim and Dickstein are supported by grants 5R01-MH087513, 1R21-MH096850, 1R01-MH099703, and 5R01-MH092450 from the National Institutes of Health, although the present study was not part of any of these grants. 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60611-5885 USA SN 2168-622X EI 2168-6238 J9 JAMA PSYCHIAT JI JAMA Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 926 EP 935 DI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.660 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AP0SP UT WOS:000341774600011 PM 25100166 ER PT J AU Lyall, K Constantino, JN Weisskopf, MG Roberts, AL Ascherio, A Santangelo, SL AF Lyall, Kristen Constantino, John N. Weisskopf, Marc G. Roberts, Andrea L. Ascherio, Alberto Santangelo, Susan L. TI Parental Social Responsiveness and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring SO JAMA PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENERAL-POPULATION; SCALE SRS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; TRAITS; SIBLINGS; TWIN; IMPAIRMENT; VALIDATION; RECURRENCE AB IMPORTANCE Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to be heritable, patterns of inheritance of subclinical autistic traits in nonclinical samples are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the familiality of Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores of individuals with and without ASD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a nested case-control study (pilot study: July 1, 2007, through June 30,2009; full-scale study: September 15, 20 08, through September 14, 2012) within a population-based longitudinal cohort. Participants were drawn from the Nurses' Health Study II, a cohort of 116 430 female nurses recruited in 1989. Case participants were index children with reported ASD; control participants were frequency matched by year of birth of case participants among those not reporting ASD. Of 3161 eligible participants, 2144 nurses (67.8%) returned SRS forms for a child and at least 1 parent and were included in these analyses. EXPOSURE The SRS scores, as reported by nurse mothers and their spouses, were examined in association with risk of ASD using crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses. The SRS scores of the children were examined in association with SRS scores of the parents using crude and adjusted linear regression analyses stratified by case status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Autism spectrum disorder, assessed by maternal report, validated in a subgroup with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. RESULTS A total of 1649 individuals were included in these analyses, including 256 ASD case participants, 1393 control participants, 1233 mothers, and 1614 fathers. Risk of ASD was increased by 85.0% among children whose parents had concordantly elevated SRS scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% CI, 1.08-3.16) and by 52.0% when the score of either parent was elevated (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.06). Elevated scores of the father significantly increased the risk of ASD in the child (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.38-2.71), but no association was seen with elevated scores of the mother. Elevated parent scores significantly increased child scores in controls, corresponding to an increase in 23 points (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings support the role of additive genetic influences in concentrating inherited ASD susceptibility in successive generations and the potential role of preferential mating, and suggest that typical variation in parental social functioning can produce clinically significant differences in offspring social traits. C1 [Lyall, Kristen; Ascherio, Alberto] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lyall, Kristen] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Constantino, John N.] Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO USA. [Weisskopf, Marc G.; Ascherio, Alberto; Santangelo, Susan L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Weisskopf, Marc G.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Roberts, Andrea L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Windham, Gayle C. Anderson, Meredith Croen, Lisa A. Grether, Judith K. Risch, Neil TI Evidence of Reproductive Stoppage in Families With Autism Spectrum Disorder A Large, Population-Based Cohort Study SO JAMA PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; RISK; RECURRENCE; TWIN; SIBLINGS AB IMPORTANCE Few studies have examined the curtailment of reproduction (ie, stoppage) after the diagnosis of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). OBJECTIVE To examine stoppage in a large, population-based cohort of families in which a child has received a diagnosis of ASD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Individuals with ASD born from January 1,1990, through December 31, 2003, were identified in the California Department of Developmental Services records, which were then linked to state birth certificates to identify full sibs and half-sibs and to obtain information on birth order and demographics. A total of 19 710 case families in which the first birth occurred within the study period was identified. These families included 39 361 individuals (sibs and half-sibs). Control individuals were randomly sampled from birth certificates and matched 2:1 to cases by sex, birth year, and maternal age, self-reported race/ethnicity, and county of birth after removal of children receiving services from the California Department of Developmental Services. Using similar linkage methods as for case families, 36 215 pure control families (including 75 724 total individuals) were identified that had no individuals with an ASD diagnosis. EXPOSURES History of affected children. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Stoppage was investigated by comparing the reproductive behaviors of parents after the birth of a child with ASD vs an unaffected child using a survival analysis framework for time to next birth and adjusting for demographic variables. RESULTS For the first few years after the birth of a child with ASD, the parents' reproductive behavior was similar to that of control parents. However, birth rates differed in subsequent years; overall, families whose first child had ASD had a second child at a rate of 0.668 (95% CI, 0.635-0.701) that of control families, adjusted for birth year, birth weight, maternal age, and self-reported maternal race/ethnicity. Results were similar when a later-born child was the first affected child in the family. Reproductive curtailment was slightly stronger among women who changed partners (relative rate for second-born children, 0.553 [95% CI, 0.498-0.614]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results provide the first quantitative assessment and convincing statistical evidence of reproductive stoppage related to ASD. These findings have implications for recurrence risk estimation and genetic counseling. C1 [Hoffmann, Thomas J.; Risch, Neil] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Human Genet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Hoffmann, Thomas J.; Risch, Neil] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Windham, Gayle C.; Anderson, Meredith; Grether, Judith K.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA. [Croen, Lisa A.; Risch, Neil] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. RP Risch, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Human Genet, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM rischn@humgen.ucsf.edu FU Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco; National Cancer Institute [R25 CA112355] FX This work was supported by funds from the Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, and by grant R25 CA112355 from the National Cancer Institute. 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Tan, Li-Tao Zhou, Li Liu, Jian-Jun Wang, Wen-Yue Xiao, Zhi-Cheng Zhou, Xin-Fu TI Deletion of TRIM32 protects mice from anxiety- and depression-like behaviors under mild stress SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE affective behavior; CUMS; fluoxetine; locomotor activity; TRIM32 ID ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; ELEVATED ZERO-MAZE; DYSTROPHY TYPE 2H; SOCIAL-ISOLATION; MOUSE MODEL; RAT MODEL; APOPTOSIS; CELLS; DOPAMINE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Chronic stress causes a variety of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, but its mechanism is not well understood. Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) was strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder based on a study of copy number variation, and deletion of TRIM32 increased neural proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Here, we propose that TRIM32 is involved in chronic stress-induced affective behaviors. Using a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse depression model, we studied expression of TRIM32 in brain tissue samples and observed behavioral changes in Trim32 knockout mice. The results showed that TRIM32 protein but not its mRNA was significantly reduced in hippocampus in a time-dependent manner within 8 weeks of chronic stress. These stress-induced affective behaviors and reduction of TRIM32 protein expression were significantly reversed by antidepressant fluoxetine treatment. In addition, Trim32 knockout mice showed reduced anxiety and depressive behaviors and hyperactivities compared with Trim32 wild-type mice under normal and mild stress conditions. We conclude that TRIM32 plays important roles in regulation of hyperactivities and positively regulates the development of anxiety and depression disorders induced by chronic stress. C1 [Ruan, Chun-Sheng; Wang, Shu-Fen; Shen, Yan-Jun; Guo, Yi; Yang, Chun-Rui; Tan, Li-Tao; Zhou, Li; Liu, Jian-Jun; Wang, Wen-Yue; Xiao, Zhi-Cheng; Zhou, Xin-Fu] Kunming Med Univ, Inst Mol & Clin Med, Key Lab Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Ruan, Chun-Sheng; Zhou, Fiona H.; Zhou, Xin-Fu] Univ S Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Div Hlth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Shen, Yan-Jun; Guo, Yi; Yang, Chun-Rui] Kunming Med Univ, Sch Med Sci, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Xiao, Zhi-Cheng] Monash Univ, Dept Anat & Dev Biol, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RP Ruan, CS (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Div Hlth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM ruacy004@mymail.unisa.edu.au FU Chinese MST [2011CB944200]; NHMRC [APP1021408, APP1021409]; Talent Program of Yunnan Province, China; Monash University, Australia; KMU-UIEP [CX201111, CX201244, CX201241] FX We thank Dr H. Ding for kindly providing TRIM32 knockout mice and Dr J. C. Schwamborn for kindly providing antibody against TRIM32. We thank Dr B. T. Baune for valuable comments. This work was supported by grants from the Chinese MST 2011CB944200 and NHMRC grants (APP1021408 and APP1021409), the Talent Program of Yunnan Province, China, and The Professorial Fellowship of Monash University, Australia, to Z.C.X., and KMU-UIEP grants (CX201111, CX201244 and CX201241) to C. S. R. X.F.Z. is a visiting Professor of KMU. 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Pichon, Jacques Menuet, Arnaud Perche, Olivier Briault, Sylvain TI Rescue of fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice by a BKCa channel opener molecule SO ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Fragile X Syndrome; BMS-204352; BKCa channel; Sociability; Cognition; Anxiety ID ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; MENTAL-RETARDATION SYNDROME; SYNDROME MOUSE MODEL; 2-TRIAL MEMORY TASK; KNOCKOUT MICE; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; MORPHOLOGY; ANXIETY AB Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and is also associated with autism spectrum disorders. Previous studies implicated BKCa channels in the neuropathogenesis of FXS, but the main question was whether pharmacological BKCa stimulation would be able to rescue FXS neurobehavioral phenotypes. Methods and results: We used a selective BKCa channel opener molecule (BMS-204352) to address this issue in Fmr1 KO mice, modeling the FXS pathophysiology. In vitro, acute BMS-204352 treatment (10 mu M) restored the abnormal dendritic spine phenotype. In vivo, a single injection of BMS-204352 (2 mg/kg) rescued the hippocampal glutamate homeostasis and the behavioral phenotype. Indeed, disturbances in social recognition and interaction, non-social anxiety, and spatial memory were corrected by BMS-204352 in Fmr1 KO mice. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the BKCa channel is a new therapeutic target for FXS. We show that BMS-204352 rescues a broad spectrum of behavioral impairments (social, emotional and cognitive) in an animal model of FXS. This pharmacological molecule might open new ways for FXS therapy. C1 [Hebert, Betty; Laudier, Beatrice; Laugeray, Anthony; Doisne, Nicolas; Quartier, Angelique; Pichon, Jacques; Menuet, Arnaud; Perche, Olivier; Briault, Sylvain] CNRS, UMR7355, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Hebert, Betty; Laudier, Beatrice; Laugeray, Anthony; Doisne, Nicolas; Quartier, Angelique; Pichon, Jacques; Menuet, Arnaud; Perche, Olivier; Briault, Sylvain] Univ Orleans, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Pietropaolo, Susanna; Crusio, Wim E.] CNRS, Aquitaine Inst Cognit & Integrat Neurosci, UMR 5287, Talence, France. [Pietropaolo, Susanna; Crusio, Wim E.] Univ Bordeaux, Aquitaine Inst Cognit & Integrat Neurosci, F-33405 Talence, France. [Meme, Sandra] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Ctr Biophys Mol, UPR4301, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Laudier, Beatrice; Lefeuvre, Sandrine; Got, Laurence; Perche, Olivier; Briault, Sylvain] Reg Hosp, Dept Genet, F-45100 Orleans, France. [Cahard, Dominique] INSA Rouen, UMR CNRS CBRA 6014, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. [Laumonnier, Frederic] INSERM, U930, F-37032 Tours, France. [Laumonnier, Frederic] Univ Tours, UMR Imagerie & Cerveau, F-37000 Tours, France. RP Briault, S (reprint author), CNRS, UMR7355, F-45071 Orleans, France. EM sbriault@cnrs-orleans.fr RI Crusio, Wim/A-7070-2008 OI Crusio, Wim/0000-0001-6638-202X FU Fondation de France [015448]; FRAXA Research Foundation (USA); FEDER Autism [35106]; Fondation Lejeune; CNRS (Soutien au transfert) [04388-02]; Region Centre; Regional Hospital of Orleans; University of Orleans; Project FP7 GENCODYS [241995]; March of Dimes [12-FY05-1198]; Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine; CNRS; University of Bordeaux 1 FX We would like to thank Melanie Marcos for her excellent technical support and Alexandre Herpin, Jerome Larrigaldie and Ludovic Mercier for animal breeding. We also thank Jean-Claude Beloeil and Valerie Quesniaux for their continued support of the project. Research was supported in part by grants from Fondation de France 015448, The FRAXA Research Foundation (USA), FEDER Autism 35106, Fondation Lejeune, CNRS (Soutien au transfert 04388-02), Region Centre, Regional Hospital of Orleans, the University of Orleans and Project FP7 GENCODYS (no241995, to FL). W.C. and S.P. were supported by grants from the March of Dimes (12-FY05-1198), Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine, CNRS, and the University of Bordeaux 1 to W.C. 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Rare Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 9 AR 124 DI 10.1186/s13023-014-0124-6 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AP0FC UT WOS:000341735700001 PM 25079250 ER PT J AU Lancioni, GE Singh, NN O'Reilly, MF Sigafoos, J Boccasini, A La Martire, ML Lang, R AF Lancioni, Giulio E. Singh, Nirbhay N. O'Reilly, Mark F. Sigafoos, Jeff Boccasini, Adele La Martire, Maria L. Lang, Russell TI CASE STUDIES OF TECHNOLOGY FOR ADULTS WITH MULTIPLE DISABILITIES TO MAKE TELEPHONE CALLS INDEPENDENTLY SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY; SOCIAL VALIDATION; BRAIN-INJURY; YOUNG-ADULTS; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS; COMPUTER; SYSTEM AB Recent literature has shown the possibility of enabling individuals with multiple disabilities to make telephone calls independently via computer-aided telephone technology. These two case studies assessed a modified version of such technology and a commercial alternative to it for a woman and a man with multiple disabilities, respectively. The modified version used in Study 1 (a) presented the names of the persons available for a call and (b) reminded the participant of the response she needed to perform (i.e., pressing a microswitch) if she wanted to call any of those names/persons. The commercial device used in Study 2 was a Galaxy S3 (Samsung) equipped with the S-voice module, which allowed the participant to activate phone calls by uttering the word "Call" followed by the name of the persons he wanted to call. The results of the studies showed that the participants learned to make phone calls independently using the technology/device available. Implications of the results are discussed. C1 [Lancioni, Giulio E.] Univ Bari, I-70100 Bari, Italy. [Singh, Nirbhay N.] Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA USA. 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Mot. Skills PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 320 EP 331 DI 10.2466/15.PMS.119c14z4 PG 12 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AO7GV UT WOS:000341521400028 PM 25153758 ER PT J AU Honti, F Meader, S Webber, C AF Honti, Frantisek Meader, Stephen Webber, Caleb TI Unbiased Functional Clustering of Gene Variants with a Phenotypic-Linkage Network SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; SEMANTIC SIMILARITY; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; COMPREHENSIVE RESOURCE; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; DISEASE GENES; DATABASE; AUTISM; MOUSE; ONTOLOGY AB Groupwise functional analysis of gene variants is becoming standard in next-generation sequencing studies. As the function of many genes is unknown and their classification to pathways is scant, functional associations between genes are often inferred from large-scale omics data. Such data types-including protein-protein interactions and gene co-expression networks-are used to examine the interrelations of the implicated genes. Statistical significance is assessed by comparing the interconnectedness of the mutated genes with that of random gene sets. However, interconnectedness can be affected by confounding bias, potentially resulting in false positive findings. We show that genes implicated through de novo sequence variants are biased in their coding-sequence length and longer genes tend to cluster together, which leads to exaggerated p-values in functional studies; we present here an integrative method that addresses these bias. To discern molecular pathways relevant to complex disease, we have inferred functional associations between human genes from diverse data types and assessed them with a novel phenotype-based method. Examining the functional association between de novo gene variants, we control for the heretofore unexplored confounding bias in coding-sequence length. We test different data types and networks and find that the disease-associated genes cluster more significantly in an integrated phenotypic-linkage network than in other gene networks. We present a tool of superior power to identify functional associations among genes mutated in the same disease even after accounting for significant sequencing study bias and demonstrate the suitability of this method to functionally cluster variant genes underlying polygenic disorders. C1 [Honti, Frantisek; Meader, Stephen; Webber, Caleb] Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, MRC Funct Genom Unit, Oxford, England. RP Honti, F (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, MRC Funct Genom Unit, Oxford, England. EM caleb.webber@dpag.ox.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council, UK under the EU [241995] FX This work was funded by the Medical Research Council, UK, under the EU 7th Framework Programme, project GENCODYS (grant no. 241995). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 8 AR e1003815 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003815 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA AO8AE UT WOS:000341573600050 PM 25166029 ER PT J AU Sondenaa, E Helverschou, SB Steindal, K Rasmussen, K Nilson, B Nottestad, JA AF Sondenaa, Erik Helverschou, Sissel Berge Steindal, Kari Rasmussen, Kirsten Nilson, Britta Nottestad, Jim Aage TI VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL OFFENDING BEHAVIOR IN PEOPLE WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER WHO HAVE UNDERGONE A PSYCHIATRIC FORENSIC EXAMINATION SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; PERSONALITY; JUVENILE; DEFICITS; SAMPLE; CRIME; RISK AB The increased awareness of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) over the last few decades as well as the potential association between ASD and off ending behaviors has spurred a need for increased research in this area. In order to explore any possible relationship between ASD and violent or sexual crime the present study examines all forensic examination reports over a 10-yr. period in Norway where the charged persons were diagnosed with ASD and charged with either a violent (N = 21) or a sexual (N = 12) offense. Differences between these two groups regarding previous contact with child welfare and confessions to the offense were found. There was also a tendency toward more severe mental health problems and less intellectual problems among the violent off enders than the sexual off enders. C1 [Sondenaa, Erik] St Olavs Hosp, N-7440 Trondheim, Norway. [Sondenaa, Erik] Univ Coll Sor Trondelag, Trondheim, Norway. [Helverschou, Sissel Berge; Steindal, Kari; Nilson, Britta] Oslo Univ Hosp, Natl Autism Unit, Oslo, Norway. [Rasmussen, Kirsten] St Olavs Hosp, Trondheim, Norway. [Rasmussen, Kirsten; Nottestad, Jim Aage] NTNU Inst Psychol, Trondheim, Norway. [Sondenaa, Erik; Nottestad, Jim Aage] St Olavs Hosp, Dep Broset, N-7440 Trondheim, Norway. RP Sondenaa, E (reprint author), St Olavs Hosp, Dep Broset, Postbox 1803, N-7440 Trondheim, Norway. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 115 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.2466/16.15.PR0.115c16z5 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AO7HB UT WOS:000341522100005 PM 25073065 ER PT J AU Cafferkey, M Ahn, JW Flinter, F Ogilvie, C AF Cafferkey, Michiala Ahn, Joo Wook Flinter, Frances Ogilvie, Caroline TI Phenotypic Features in Patients With 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) Deletion: Further Delineation of an Emerging Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion; array CGH; CNV; NIPA1 ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; GLOBUS-PALLIDUS DYSFUNCTION; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; TEST IN-PLACE; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; RECURRENT MICRODELETIONS; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; CRITICAL REGION; ARRAY CGH AB 15q11.2 deletions flanked by BP1 and BP2 of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region have recently been linked to a range of neurodevelopment disorders including intellectual disability, speech and language delay, motor delay, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Array CGH analysis of 14,605 patients referred for diagnostic cytogenetic testing found that 83 patients (0.57%) carried the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion. Phenotypic frequencies in the deleted cohort (n = 83) were compared with frequencies in the non-deleted cohort (n = 14,522); developmental delay, motor delay, and speech and language delay were all more prevalent in the deleted cohort. Notably, motor delay was significantly more common (OR = 6.37). These data indicate that developmental delay, motor delay, and speech and language delay are common clinical features associated with this deletion, providing substantial evidence to support this CNV as a susceptibility locus for a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Cafferkey, Michiala; Flinter, Frances; Ogilvie, Caroline] Kings Coll London, Dept Med & Mol Genet, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Ahn, Joo Wook; Flinter, Frances; Ogilvie, Caroline] Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, London SE1 9RT, England. RP Ogilvie, C (reprint author), Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Cytogenet, 5th Floor,Tower Wing,St Thomas St, London SE1 9RT, England. 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A PD AUG PY 2014 VL 164A IS 8 BP 1916 EP 1922 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.36554 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN5YD UT WOS:000340667900052 PM 24715682 ER PT J AU Mignon-Ravix, C Cacciagli, P Choucair, N Popovici, C Missirian, C Milh, M Megarbane, A Busa, T Julia, S Girard, N Badens, C Sigaudy, S Philip, N Villard, L AF Mignon-Ravix, Cecile Cacciagli, Pierre Choucair, Nancy Popovici, Cornel Missirian, Chantal Milh, Mathieu Megarbane, Andre Busa, Tiffany Julia, Sophie Girard, Nadine Badens, Catherine Sigaudy, Sabine Philip, Nicole Villard, Laurent TI Intragenic Rearrangements in X-Linked Intellectual Deficiency: Results of a-CGH in a Series of 54 Patients and Identification of TRPC5 and KLHL15 As Potential XLID Genes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE X-linked intellectual disability; array CGH; TRPC5; KLHL15 ID NONSPECIFIC MENTAL-RETARDATION; CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA; XLMR GENES; DISABILITY; DELETION; CHANNEL; FAMILY; OPHN1; MUTATION; GROWTH AB High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) enables the detection of intragenic rearrangements, such as single exon deletion or duplication. This approach can lead to the identification of new disease genes. We report on the analysis of 54 male patients presenting with intellectual deficiency (ID) and a family history suggesting X-linked (XL) inheritance or maternal skewed X-chromosome inactivation(XCI), using a home-made X-chromosome-specific microarray covering the whole human X-chromosome at high resolution. The majority of patients had whole genome array-CGH prior to the selection and we did not include large rearrangements such as MECP2 and FMR1 duplications. We identified four rearrangements considered as causative or potentially pathogenic, corresponding to a detection rate of 8%. Two CNVs affected known XLID genes and were therefore considered as causative (IL1RAPL1 and OPHN1 intragenic deletions). Two new CNVs were considered as potentially pathogenic as they affected interesting candidates for ID. The first CNV is a deletion of the first exon of the TRPC5 gene, encoding a cation channel implicated in dendrite growth and patterning, in a child presenting with ID and an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The second CNV is a partial deletion of KLHL15, in a patient with severe ID, epilepsy, and anomalies of cortical development. In both cases, in spite of strong arguments for clinical relevance, we were not able at this stage to confirm pathogenicity of the mutations, and the causality of the variants identified in XLID remains to be confirmed. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Mignon-Ravix, Cecile; Cacciagli, Pierre; Choucair, Nancy; Milh, Mathieu; Megarbane, Andre; Badens, Catherine; Philip, Nicole; Villard, Laurent] INSERM, UMR S 910, F-13258 Marseille, France. [Mignon-Ravix, Cecile; Cacciagli, Pierre; Choucair, Nancy; Milh, Mathieu; Megarbane, Andre; Girard, Nadine; Badens, Catherine; Philip, Nicole; Villard, Laurent] Aix Marseille Univ, GMGF, Marseille, France. [Cacciagli, Pierre; Popovici, Cornel; Missirian, Chantal; Busa, Tiffany; Badens, Catherine; Sigaudy, Sabine; Philip, Nicole] Hop Enfants La Timone, Dept Genet Med & Biol Cellulaire, Marseille, France. [Choucair, Nancy; Megarbane, Andre] Univ St Joseph, Unite Genet Med, Beirut, Lebanon. [Choucair, Nancy; Megarbane, Andre] Univ St Joseph, Lab Associe INSERM, Unite UMR S 910, Pole Technol Sante, Beirut, Lebanon. [Milh, Mathieu] Hop Enfants La Timone, Serv Neurol Pediat, Marseille, France. [Julia, Sophie] Hop Purpan, Serv Genet Med, Toulouse, France. [Girard, Nadine] Hop Enfants La Timone, Serv Neuroradiol, Marseille, France. RP Villard, L (reprint author), Fac Med La Timone, Inserm UMR S 910, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 5, France. EM laurent.villard@univ-amu.fr RI POPOVICI, Cornel/A-2027-2009 OI POPOVICI, Cornel/0000-0001-8226-3127 FU INSERM; Aix Marseille University FX Grant sponsor: INSERM; Grant sponsor: Aix Marseille University. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD AUG PY 2014 VL 164A IS 8 BP 1991 EP 1997 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.36602 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN5YD UT WOS:000340667900061 PM 24817631 ER PT J AU Filges, I Sparagana, S Sargent, M Selby, K Schlade-Bartusiak, K Lueder, GT Robichaux-Viehoever, A Schlaggar, BL Shimony, JS Shinawi, M AF Filges, Isabel Sparagana, Steven Sargent, Michael Selby, Kathryn Schlade-Bartusiak, Kamilla Lueder, Gregg T. Robichaux-Viehoever, Amy Schlaggar, Bradley L. Shimony, Joshua S. Shinawi, Marwan TI Brain MRI Abnormalities and Spectrum of Neurological and Clinical Findings in Three Patients With Proximal 16p11.2 Microduplication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE 16p11.2; microduplication; T2-hyperintensity; MRI; neurological ID CHROMOSOME 16P11.2; AUTISM; PHENOTYPES; DISORDERS; REARRANGEMENTS; MICRODELETION; EXPRESSION; DELETIONS; DOSAGE AB The phenotype of recurrent similar to 600 kb microdeletion and microduplication on proximal 16p11.2 is characterized by a spectrum of neurodevelopmental impairments including developmental delay and intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism and psychiatric disorders which are all subject to incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. A variety of brain MRI abnormalities were reported in patients with 16p11.2 rearrangements, but no systematic correlation has been studied among patients with similar brain anomalies, their neurodevelopmental and clinical phenotypes. We present three patients with the proximal 16p11.2 microduplication exhibiting significant developmental delay, anxiety disorder and other variable clinical features. Our patients have abnormal brain MRI findings of cerebral T2 hyperintense foci (3/3) and ventriculomegaly (2/3). The neuro-radiological or neurological findings in two cases prompted an extensive diagnostic work-up. One patient has exhibited neurological regression and progressive vision impairment and was diagnosed with juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. We compare the clinical course and phenotype of these patients in regard to the clinical significance of the cerebral lesions and the need for MRI surveillance. We conclude that in all three patients the lesions were not progressive, did not show any sign of malignant transformation and could not be correlated to specific clinical features. We discuss potential etiologic mechanisms that may include overexpression of genes within the duplicated region involved in control of cell proliferation and complex molecular mechanisms such as the MAPK/ERK pathway. Systematic studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm our observation and to establish the prevalence and clinical significance of these neuroanatomical abnormalities in patients with 16p11.2 duplications. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Filges, Isabel] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, BC Childrens & Womens Hosp, Child & Family Res Inst, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Filges, Isabel] Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Biomed, Div Med Genet, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. [Sparagana, Steven] Texas Scottish Rite Hosp Children, Dept Pediat Neurol, Dallas, TX 75219 USA. [Sargent, Michael] Univ British Columbia, Dept Radiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Selby, Kathryn] Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Neurol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Schlade-Bartusiak, Kamilla] Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Child & Family Res Inst, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Lueder, Gregg T.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Lueder, Gregg T.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Robichaux-Viehoever, Amy; Schlaggar, Bradley L.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Shimony, Joshua S.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Edward Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Shinawi, Marwan] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Genet & Genom Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Filges, I (reprint author), BC Childrens & Womens Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Box 153,4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. EM Isabel.Filges@unibas.ch FU Swiss Foundation for Grants in Biology; Medicine/Swiss National Science Foundation (SFGBM/SNSF); Freie Akademische Gesellschaft (FAG) Basel FX Grant sponsor: Swiss Foundation for Grants in Biology; Grant sponsor: Medicine/Swiss National Science Foundation (SFGBM/SNSF); Grant sponsor: Freie Akademische Gesellschaft (FAG) Basel. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD AUG PY 2014 VL 164A IS 8 BP 2003 EP 2012 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.36605 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN5YD UT WOS:000340667900063 PM 24891046 ER PT J AU Joosten, AV Safe, AP AF Joosten, Annette V. Safe, Anneleise P. TI Management strategies of mothers of school-age children with autism: Implications for practice SO AUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; family-centred practice; mothers; research related; self management; wellbeing ID SELF-MANAGEMENT; CHRONIC ILLNESS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; PARENTS; CARE; STRESS; IMPACT; PROFESSIONALS; PERSPECTIVES AB Background/aim: Mothering children with autism results in mothers spending more time on daily tasks as well as managing the disorder. The need for mothers to self-manage often increases when the child is school aged. Mothers develop strategies, and occupational therapists and other health professional rely on or expect mothers to be involved in meeting the extra needs of their children with autism and other family members. Little is known about the strategies adopted by the mothers. The aim of this study was to explore the strategies mothers used to manage their roles and emotions, and their child's behaviours. Method: In-depth individual interviews were conducted with seven mothers and data were analysed in this qualitative study using phenomenological analysis. Results: Findings revealed that the mothers had adopted strategies to manage their roles, their emotions and their child's behaviour. However, the strategies were often shaped by the expectations of others or circumstances beyond their control and at times added further to their stress. Conclusions: Mothers of children with autism developed strategies to self-manage their lives and their child's disorder. However, even when these strategies were effective, they sometimes placed further stress on the mothers. The mothers provided insights to how they coped but need help to consider the support they require and therapists need to consider the pressures of expecting mothers to self-manage their child's disorder, their own lives and their family. Family-centred practice emphasising collaboration with mothers needs to be maintained with school-aged children. C1 [Joosten, Annette V.] Curtin Univ, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. [Safe, Anneleise P.] Ctr Cerebral Palsy, Therapy Serv, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Joosten, AV (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1111/1440-1630.12116 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AO1UF UT WOS:000341099700006 PM 24499184 ER PT J AU Geurts, HM van den Bergh, SFWM Ruzzano, L AF Geurts, Hilde M. van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M. Ruzzano, Laura TI Prepotent Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Two Meta-Analyses SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ASD; autism; inhibition; interference; cognitive control; meta-analysis ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; LATENT-VARIABLE ANALYSIS; CHOICE REACTION-TIME; COGNITIVE CONTROL; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; IMPAIRED COGNITION; WORKING-MEMORY; STOP-SIGNAL AB There is a substantial amount of data providing evidence for, but also against the hypothesis that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encounter inhibitory control deficits. ASD is often associated with interference control deficits rather than prepotent response inhibition. Moreover, the developmental trajectory for these inhibitory control processes is hypothesized to differ in ASD as compared to typical development. In efforts to gain a more comprehensive perspective of inhibition in ASD, separate quantitative analysis for prepotent response inhibition studies and interference control studies were conducted. Together, these two meta-analyses included 41 studies with a combined sample size of 1,091 people with ASD (M age 14.8 years), and 1,306 typically developing (TD) controls (M age 13.8 years). The meta-analyses indicated that individuals with ASD show increased difficulties in prepotent response inhibition (effect size 0.55) and in interference control (effect size 0.31). In addition, age was a relevant moderator for prepotent response inhibition but not for interference control. Exploratory analyses revealed that when IQ was taken into account, heterogeneity considerably decreased among interference control studies but not among prepotent response inhibition. In contrast to the general belief, both prepotent response inhibition and interference control problems were observed in individuals with ASD. However, a large variation between studies was also found. Therefore, there remain factors beyond inhibition type, age, or IQ that significantly influence inhibitory control performance among individuals with ASD. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Geurts, Hilde M.] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol Brain & Cognit, NL-1018 XA Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Geurts, Hilde M.; van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Ruzzano, Laura] Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Res & Dev, Ctr Autism, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Geurts, Hilde M.; van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Ruzzano, Laura] Dutch Autism & ADHD Res Ctr Arc, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Geurts, Hilde M.] Univ Amsterdam, Cognit Sci Ctr Amsterdam, NL-1018 XA Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Geurts, HM (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Dutch Autism & ADHD Res Ctr ARC, Weesperpl 4, NL-1018 XA Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM H.M.Geurts@uva.nl FU VIDI grant, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [452-10-003] FX This work is part of the research program "Autism and Aging: A Double Jeopardy, which is financed (VIDI grant number 452-10-003) by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Dr. Geurts, M.Sc. van den Bergh, and M.Sc. Ruzzano reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 407 EP 420 DI 10.1002/aur.1369 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA AN5VJ UT WOS:000340659300001 PM 24596300 ER PT J AU Sparaci, L Stefanini, S D'Elia, L Vicari, S Rizzolatti, G AF Sparaci, Laura Stefanini, Silvia D'Elia, Lidia Vicari, Stefano Rizzolatti, Giacomo TI What and Why Understanding in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Similarities and Differences SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; Williams syndrome; social cognition; motor skills ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; NEURAL BASIS; MOTOR; INFANTS; HYPERSOCIABILITY; INTENTIONS; DEFICIT; BRAIN; PERCEPTION; MECHANISMS AB Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with Williams syndrome (WS) show divergent social phenotypes, but also several similarities in their socio-cognitive deficits. Cross-syndrome direct comparisons could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms that determine deficits in social cognition in the two syndromes. A fundamental factor for social cognition is the ability to understand and predict others' actions (e. g. what action is being done and why it is being done when observing a goal-related act). Here we compared the understanding of others' actions in children with ASD, WS and in children with typical development. Comprehension of what motor act was being done and of why it was being done was assessed with or without contextual cueing using a computer-based task. The results showed that what understanding was impaired in the WS group, but not in the ASD group, which showed mental-age appropriate performance. Why understanding was impaired in both experimental groups. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Sparaci, Laura; Stefanini, Silvia; Rizzolatti, Giacomo] Univ Parma, Dept Neurosci, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Sparaci, Laura] Natl Res Council CNR Italy, Inst Cognit Sci & Technol ISTC, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Sparaci, Laura; D'Elia, Lidia; Vicari, Stefano] Bambino Gesu Childrens Hosp IRCCS, Rome, Italy. [Stefanini, Silvia] Local Hlth Unit AUSL, Dept Mental Hlth, Parma, Italy. [Rizzolatti, Giacomo] Italian Inst Technol, Parma Unit, Brain Ctr Social & Motor Cognit, Parma, Italy. RP Sparaci, L (reprint author), Natl Res Council CNR Italy, Inst Cognit Sci & Technol ISTC, Via Nomentana 56, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM laura.sparaci@istc.cnr.it FU Fondazione Monte Parma; ERC Advanced Grant "Cogsystems" [250013]; Fondazione Handicap Dopodinoi, Onlus; MIUR-FIRB TOUM project [RBFR086HEW] FX The work reported in this paper was supported by: Fondazione Monte Parma and ERC Advanced Grant "Cogsystems" (no. 250013) to G. R.; Fondazione Handicap Dopodinoi, Onlus to S. V.; MIUR-FIRB TOUM project (no. RBFR086HEW) to L. S. We are very grateful to the Italian Williams Syndrome Association (AISW) as well as to the Primary and Secondary Schools San Vitale-Fra' Salimbene Parma and San Francesco D'Assisi Rome for helping us in this study. We wish to thank Dr Patrizio Pasqualetti and Dr Pasquale Rinaldi for their help with statistical analyses. In particular, we wish to thank all the children and families who have participated in this research. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 421 EP 432 DI 10.1002/aur.1370 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA AN5VJ UT WOS:000340659300002 PM 24604708 ER PT J AU Warner, G Moss, J Smith, P Howlin, P AF Warner, Georgina Moss, Joanna Smith, Patrick Howlin, Patricia TI Autism Characteristics and Behavioural Disturbances in similar to 500 Children with Down's Syndrome in England and Wales SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; Down's syndrome; social communication questionnaire; strengths and difficulties questionnaire ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; STRENGTHS; CHECKLIST; VALIDITY; PROJECT AB Recent research shows that a significant minority of children with Down's syndrome (DS) also meet diagnostic criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study investigated what proportion of children aged 6-15 years with a confirmed diagnosis of DS in England and Wales display autistic-type behaviours, and explored the characteristics of this group of children. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was used to screen for autism characteristics and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to explore behavioural difficulties. The proportion of children who met the cut-off score for ASD on the SCQ (total score >= 15) was 37.7% (95% CI: 33.4-42.0%); for autism (total score >= 22) the proportion was 16.5% (95% CI: 13.2-19.8%). Children who met the cut-off for ASD were significantly more likely to be reported as having emotional symptoms, conduct problems and hyperactivity on the SDQ than children who scored well below cut-off (total score < 10). However, the profile of their autism characteristics on the SCQ was atypical compared with individuals with idiopathic ASD. The pervasiveness of ASD in children with DS in England and Wales is substantially higher than in the general population. These children also experience significantly greater behavioural problems than children with DS only. Early detection of autism characteristics is important for appropriate intervention. However, the unusual profile of autism characteristics in this group may affect the recognition of the disorder and hinder the implementation of appropriate interventions. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Warner, Georgina; Smith, Patrick; Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London SE5 8AF, England. [Moss, Joanna] Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Cerebra Ctr Neurodev Disorders, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Moss, Joanna] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 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Molholm, Sophie TI Susceptibility to Distraction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Probing the Integrity of Oscillatory Alpha-Band Suppression Mechanisms SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; EEG; oscillations; attention ID SELECTIVE VISUAL-ATTENTION; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; SPATIAL ATTENTION; VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION; INNER SPEECH; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; CORTICAL CONNECTIVITY; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; CHILDREN; EEG AB When attention is directed to one information stream over another, the brain can be configured in advance to selectively process the relevant stream and suppress potentially distracting inputs. One key mechanism of suppression is through the deployment of anticipatory alpha-band (similar to 10 Hz) oscillatory activity, with greater alpha-band power observed in cortical regions that will ultimately process the distracting stream. Atypical attention has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including greater interference by distracting task-irrelevant inputs. Here we tested the integrity of these alpha-band mechanisms in ASD using an intersensory attention task. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while participants were cued on a trial-by-trial basis to selectively deploy attention to the visual or auditory modality in anticipation of a target within the cued modality. Whereas typically developing (TD) children showed the predicted alpha-band modulation, with increased alpha-band power over parieto-occipital scalp when attention was deployed to the auditory compared with the visual modality, this differential pattern was entirely absent at the group level in the ASD cohort. Further, only the ASD group showed impaired performance due to the presence of task-irrelevant sensory information. These data suggest that impaired modulation of alpha-band activity plays a role in increased distraction from extraneous sensory inputs in ASD. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Murphy, Jeremy W.; Foxe, John J.; Peters, Joanna B.; Molholm, Sophie] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Sheryl & Daniel R Tishman Cognit Neurophysiol Lab, Childrens Evaluat & Rehabil Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Murphy, Jeremy W.; Foxe, John J.; Peters, Joanna B.; Molholm, Sophie] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Murphy, Jeremy W.; Foxe, John J.; Molholm, Sophie] CUNY City Coll, Dept Psychol, Program Cognit Neurosci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Murphy, Jeremy W.; Foxe, John J.; Molholm, Sophie] CUNY City Coll, Dept Biol, Program Cognit Neurosci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Peters, Joanna B.] Yeshiva Univ, Ferkauf Grad Sch Psychol, Program Clin Psychol, Bronx, NY USA. RP Molholm, S (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Sheryl & Daniel R Tishman Cognit Neurophysiol Lab, Childrens Evaluat & Rehabil Ctr, Dept Pediat, Van Etten Bldg,Wing 1C,1225 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM sophie.molholm@einstein.yu.edu FU U.S. National Institute of Mental Health [MH085322]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development [NICHD P30 HD071593] FX Primary funding for this work was provided by a grant from the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (MH085322 to S. M and J.J.F). The Human Clinical Phenotyping Core, where the children enrolled in this study were clinically evaluated, is a facility of the Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) which is funded through a center grant from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD P30 HD071593). 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TI Family-Based Clinical Associations and Functional Characterization of the Serotonin 2A Receptor Gene (HTR2A) in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; serotonin; gene expression; HTR2A; rs6311; monoamine ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; 5-HT2A RECEPTOR; SYNAPTIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; MESSENGER-RNA; COMMON; CHILDREN; POLYMORPHISMS AB The serotonin 2A receptor gene (HTR2A) harbors two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are frequent in populations of African and European descent; rs6311, which affects mRNA expression, and rs6314, which changes the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein and affects the signaling properties of the receptor. Multiple clinical associations support a role for these SNPs in cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, although studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain equivocal. Here, we tested transmission disequilibrium of rs6311 and rs6314 in a cohort of 158 ASD trios (simplex and multiplex), observing significant under-transmission of the minor "A" allele of rs6311 to offspring with ASD (permuted P = 0.0004). Consistent with our previous findings in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of unaffected individuals, rs6311/A decreases expression of HTR2A mRNA with an extended 5' untranslated region (UTR) in the frontopolar cortex in brain samples from 54 ASD patients and controls. Interpreting the clinical results in the context of our mRNA expression analysis, we speculate that any risk associated with rs6311 is conferred by greater expression of the long 5' UTR mRNA isoform. The current study corroborates earlier associations between rs6311 and ASD in a family study, supporting the hypothesis that rs6311 plays a modulatory role in ASD risk. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Smith, Ryan M.; Sadee, Wolfgang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Coll Med, Ctr Pharmacogen, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Banks, Wesley; Hansen, Emily; Herman, Gail E.] Ohio State Univ, Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Ctr Mol & Human Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Banks, Wesley; Hansen, Emily; Herman, Gail E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Pediat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sadee, Wolfgang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Pharm, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sadee, Wolfgang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychiat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sadee, Wolfgang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Genet Internal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sadee, Wolfgang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Smith, RM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, 5184A Graves Hall,333 W10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Ryan.Smith2@osumc.edu FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [U01GM092655]; United States Air Force Department of Defense [FA7014-09-2-0004, FA8650-12-2-6359] FX The authors declare no competing interests. This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U01GM092655 to W. S.) and the United States Air Force Department of Defense (FA7014-09-2-0004 and FA8650-12-2-6359 to Gail E. Herman). We are grateful to all the families participating in the CORA registry. We thankfully acknowledge Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center and the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for providing brain tissues, granted to Ryan M. Smith and Wolfgang Sadee from the Autism Tissue Program, made possible by the donations of generous family members. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 459 EP 467 DI 10.1002/aur.1383 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA AN5VJ UT WOS:000340659300005 PM 24753316 ER PT J AU McCormick, C Hessl, D Macari, SL Ozonoff, S Green, C Rogers, SJ AF McCormick, Carolyn Hessl, David Macari, Suzanne L. Ozonoff, Sally Green, Cherie Rogers, Sally J. TI Electrodermal and Behavioral Responses of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders to Sensory and Repetitive Stimuli SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; psychophysiology; sensory; repetitive behaviors ID DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MISSING DATA; INDIVIDUALS; INTEGRATION; PATTERNS; MOTOR; AGE AB Parents frequently report that their children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) respond atypically to sensory stimuli. Repetitive behaviors are also part of the ASD behavioral profile. Abnormal physiological arousal may underlie both of these symptoms. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is an index of sympathetic nervous system arousal. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to pilot methods for collecting EDA data in young children and (2) to examine hypothesized relationships among EDA, and sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD as compared with children with typical development. EDA was recorded on 54 young children with ASD and on 33 children with typical development (TD) during a protocol that included baseline, exposure to sensory and repetitive stimuli, and play. Parents completed standardized questionnaires regarding their child's sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors. Frequency and type of repetitive behavior during play was coded offline. Comparisons between EDA data for ASD and TD groups indicated no significant between-group differences in any measures. Parents of children with ASD reported more abnormal responses to sensory stimuli and more repetitive behaviors, but scores on these measures were not significantly correlated with EDA or with frequency of observed repetitive behaviors. Parent report of frequency and severity of sensory symptoms was significantly correlated with reports of repetitive behaviors in both groups. Although parents of children with ASD report high levels of sensory symptoms and repetitive behaviors, these differences are not related to measured EDA arousal or reactivity. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [McCormick, Carolyn; Hessl, David; Ozonoff, Sally; Rogers, Sally J.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Macari, Suzanne L.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. [Green, Cherie] La Trobe Univ, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP McCormick, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM carolyn.mccormick@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU UC Davis MIND Institute FX This research was conducted as part of the Autism Phenome Project and supported by the UC Davis MIND Institute. We would like to acknowledge Cynthia Zierhut, Lisa Cochran, Susan Rumberg, and Lou Ann Barnett for their roles on the project, as well as Jennifer Bernstein and Olha Kalish for help with coding. We want to thank all of the families who made this research possible. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 468 EP 480 DI 10.1002/aur.1382 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA AN5VJ UT WOS:000340659300006 PM 24788961 ER PT J AU Cook, R Brewer, R Shah, P Bird, G AF Cook, Richard Brewer, Rebecca Shah, Punit Bird, Geoffrey TI Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; adaptation; aftereffects; facial identity; facial expressions ID FACE RECOGNITION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; IDENTITY; EMOTION; ALEXITHYMIA; EXPRESSIONS; PERCEPTION; FEATURES; 1ST AB Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Cook, Richard] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, London EC1R OJD, England. [Brewer, Rebecca; Shah, Punit; Bird, Geoffrey] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Shah, Punit] Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, Dept Psychol Sci, London, England. [Bird, Geoffrey] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England. RP Cook, R (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Whiskin St, London EC1R OJD, England. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1002/aur.1381 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA AN5VJ UT WOS:000340659300007 PM 24757172 ER PT J AU Hauth, I de Bruijn, YGE Staal, W Buitelaar, JK Rommelse, NN AF Hauth, Ingeborg de Bruijn, Yvette G. E. Staal, Wouter Buitelaar, Jan K. Rommelse, Nanda N. TI Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; extreme male brain theory; testosterone; 2D:4D; finger length; siblings; parents; empathizing; systemizing ID 4TH DIGIT LENGTH; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; DIAGNOSTIC VALIDITY; RECEPTOR GENE; RATIO; CHILDREN; 2ND; TRAITS; HORMONE AB Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits in both neuroanatomy and cognition. Using the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) and digit length as biomarkers of (pre- and postnatal) testosterone levels, examined was whether hypermasculinized digit ratios and/or lengths were familial traits in ASD and investigated their relation to sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities. 2D: 4D ratios and digit lengths of 216 children with ASD, 202 unaffected siblings, and 360 parents were compared with those of 174 control children and their 146 parents. Generalized Estimation Equations, Generalized Linear Models, and Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate parent-offspring relationships and group differences. In ASD probands and their relatives alike, digit length relative to overall height was significantly increased in comparison to controls. No significant group differences were found between affected and unaffected subjects, or between males and females. Additionally, 2D: 4D ratios increased with age. No (consistent) associations were found between 2D: 4D ratio or digit lengths and systemizing and empathizing skills. The findings emphasize the role of familially based elevated pre- and postnatal testosterone levels in the liability for ASD, but challenge the use of 2D: 4D ratio as a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure solely. Given that many genes influence digit length, the exact mechanisms underlying a familial predisposition toward increased digit length in ASD are as yet unknown and needs to be explored in future studies. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Hauth, Ingeborg; Staal, Wouter; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain, Cognit & Behav Dept Cognit Neurosci, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. [de Bruijn, Yvette G. E.; Staal, Wouter; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Rommelse, Nanda N.] Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Karakter, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain, Cognit & Behav Dept Psychiat, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Rommelse, NN (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Reinier Postlaan 12, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1002/aur.1384 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA AN5VJ UT WOS:000340659300008 PM 24777834 ER PT J AU Kang, V Wagner, GC Ming, X AF Kang, Victor Wagner, George C. Ming, Xue TI Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; gastrointestinal disorders; comorbid disorders; endoscopy; colonoscopy; inflammation ID SYMPTOMS; ABNORMALITIES; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; ASDS AB Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions are frequently reported by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and have been recently recognized as a comorbid condition. However, the clinical significance of these GI dysfunctions remains to be delineated. This study describes the clinical characteristics, associated comorbid disorders, and endoscopic and colonoscopic evaluation of GI dysfunction in a cohort of 164 children with ASD evaluated at a pediatric neurology practice. Symptoms of GI dysfunction were prevalent: 49% of the children reported one or more chronic GI complaints, 22% exhibited diarrhea, 26% suffered from constipation. Furthermore 13% of the parents reported their children to suffer from bloating and/or being gassy and while 10% of the parents reported vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux problems. Similar rates of GI symptoms were reported among pre-school and school-aged children. Inflammation of the gut was found in 6 of the 12 subjects who underwent endoscopic and colonoscopic evaluations, however clinical symptoms did not predict the results of the evaluation. GI dysfunction was significantly associated with sleep disorders and food intolerance, but not with irritability or aggressiveness. In summary, GI dysfunction was prevalent in this cohort of children with ASD, observations consistent with the reports of parents and other clinicians. We conclude that the GI dysfunction in ASD requires proper evaluation and treatment. (C) 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kang, Victor] Johns Hopkin Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wagner, George C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Ming, Xue] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Ming, Xue] JFK Med Ctr, New Jersey Neurosci Inst, Sleep Med Ctr, Edison, NJ USA. RP Ming, X (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Med Sch, 90 Bergen St,DOC 8100, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM mingxu@njms.rutgers.edu FU Knights of Columbus, East Hanover, NJ FX The authors wish to acknowledge the cooperation of all the parents and guardians of the participating subjects with ASD and the generous support from Knights of Columbus, East Hanover, NJ. All authors declare no conflict of interest in this study and approve this final version of the revised manuscript. 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They act at all phases of development to control neurogenesis, neuronal migration, axon patterning, dendritic outgrowth and spinogenesis. The expression of Robe receptors in cortical and thalamocortical axons (TCAs) is tightly regulated by a combination of transcription factors (TFs), proteases and activity. These findings also suggest that Slit and Robes have influenced the evolution of cortical circuits. Last, novel genetic evidence associates various neurological disorders, such as autism, to abnormal Slit/Robo signaling. C1 [Blockus, Heike; Chedotal, Alain] INSERM, UMR S968, Inst Vis, F-75012 Paris, France. [Blockus, Heike; Chedotal, Alain] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, UMR S968, Inst Vis, F-75012 Paris, France. [Blockus, Heike; Chedotal, Alain] CNRS, UMR7210, F-75012 Paris, France. RP Chedotal, A (reprint author), INSERM, UMR S968, Inst Vis, F-75012 Paris, France. EM alain.chedotal@inserm.fr FU Fondation pour la recherche Medicale (Programme equipe FRM); Labex Lifesciences; Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris Ile-de-France (ENP); DIM Cerveau Pensee FX A.C. is supported by grants from the Fondation pour la recherche Medicale (Programme equipe FRM) and the Labex Lifesciences. H.B. is a recipient of the ENP Graduate Program fellowship from Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris Ile-de-France (ENP) and DIM Cerveau & Pensee. 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Opin. Neurobiol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 27 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.003 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO3HN UT WOS:000341220400013 PM 24698714 ER PT J AU Ackerman, S Wenegrat, J Rettew, D Althoff, R Bernier, R AF Ackerman, Sean Wenegrat, Julia Rettew, David Althoff, Robert Bernier, Raphael TI No increase in autism-associated genetic events in children conceived by assisted reproduction SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE Assisted reproduction; assisted reproductive technology; autism; copy number variation ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INCREASED RISK; HEALTH OUTCOMES; PRETERM BIRTH; FOLLOW-UP; TECHNOLOGY; BORN AB Objective: To understand the rate of genetic events in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who were exposed to assisted reproduction. Design: Case control study using genetics data. Setting: Twelve collaborating data collection sites across North America as part of the Simons Simplex Collection. Patient(s): 2,760 children with ASD, for whom 1,994 had published copy number variation data and 424 had published gene mutation status available. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rates of autism-associated genetic events in children with ASD conceived with assisted reproduction versus those conceived naturally. Result(s): No statistically significant differences in copy number variations or autism-associated gene-disrupting events were found when comparing ASD patients exposed to assisted reproduction with those not exposed to assisted reproduction. Conclusion(s): This is the first large genetic association to concurrently examine the genotype of individuals with ASD in relation to their exposure to ART versus natural conception, and it adds reassuring evidence to the argument that ART does not increase the risk of ASD. ((C)2014 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) C1 [Ackerman, Sean; Rettew, David; Althoff, Robert] Univ Vermont, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Wenegrat, Julia; Bernier, Raphael] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ackerman, S (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, 111 Colchester Ave,MS 341BA1, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM sean.ackerman@vtmednet.org FU Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative FX Funded by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. 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Steril. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 102 IS 2 BP 388 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.020 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA AO4HX UT WOS:000341299000015 PM 24842673 ER PT J AU Batey, CA Missiuna, CA Timmons, BW Hay, JA Faught, BE Cairney, J AF Batey, C. A. Missiuna, C. A. Timmons, B. W. Hay, J. A. Faught, B. E. Cairney, J. TI Self-efficacy toward physical activity and the physical activity behavior of children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder SO HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Developmental Coordination Disorder; Self-efficacy; Physical activity; Developmental disorders and autism ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ACTIVITY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT BATTERY; ADOLESCENTS; MOTOR; RISK; PERCEPTIONS; HYPOTHESIS; CLUMSINESS; FITNESS AB Purpose: Affecting 5-6% of children, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a prevalent chronic condition. The nature of the disorder - impaired motor coordination - makes avoidance of physical activity (PA) common. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of barrier and task self-efficacy on PA behavior in children with DCD and a group of typically developing (TD) children. Methods: Children were compared on their perceived ability to complete different intensities and duration of PA (task efficacy) and their confidence in completing PA when faced with everyday barriers (barrier efficacy). An accelerometer was used to record their activity over the subsequent week. Results: Children with DCD were found to have significantly lower task efficacy and barrier efficacy. They also spent significantly less time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Multivariate analyses revealed that gender modified the relationship for both groups. Separate multivariate regressions, were therefore conducted by gender. A direct effect of DCD on PA was observed for boys, but not for girls. Further analyses showed that neither task efficacy nor barrier efficacy influenced the relationship between DCD and PA. Conclusion: Results from this study confirm that children with DCD have lower task and barrier self-efficacy than TD children and that males have lower PA levels than their TD peers; however neither task or barrier self-efficacy mediated the relationship between DCD and PA. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Batey, C. A.; Missiuna, C. A.; Timmons, B. W.; Cairney, J.] McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Hay, J. A.; Faught, B. E.] Brock Univ, Fac Appl Hlth Sci, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. RP Cairney, J (reprint author), Dept Family Med, 175 Longwood Rd South, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada. EM cairnej@mcmaster.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [66959]; Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University FX This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant #: 66959). Dr. Cairney is supported through an endowed professorship in the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University. The Physical Health Activity Study Team (PHAST) appreciates the commitment by children, parents and teachers from the District School Board of Niagara. Laboratory and home-based assessment would not have been successful without the diligent efforts of the PHAST research coordinator, Nadilein Mahlberg. Finally, thanks to Joyce Obeid for all of her hard work and help with analyzing the accelerometer data. 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Samms-Vaughan, Maureen Ma, Jianzhong Bressler, Jan Loveland, Katherine A. Ardjomand-Hessabi, Manouchehr Dickerson, Aisha S. Grove, Megan L. Shakespeare-Pellington, Sydonnie Beecher, Compton McLaughlin, Wayne Boerwinkle, Eric TI Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Arsenic Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE arsenic; autism spectrum disorder (ASD); glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes; detoxification; interactions ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DRINKING-WATER; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DNA METHYLATION; MERCURY LEVELS; SKIN-LESIONS; EXPOSURE; POLYMORPHISMS; RISK AB Arsenic is a toxic metalloid with known adverse effects on human health. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes, including GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1, play a major role in detoxification and metabolism of xenobiotics. We investigated the association between GST genotypes and whole blood arsenic concentrations (BASC) in Jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used data from 100 ASD cases and their 1: 1 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (age 2-8 years) from Jamaica. Using log-transformed BASC as the dependent variable in a General Linear Model, we observed a significant interaction between GSTP1 and ASD case status while controlling for several confounding variables. However, for GSTT1 and GSTM1 we did not observe any significant associations with BASC. Our findings indicate that TD children who had the Ile/Ile or Ile/Val genotype for GSTP1 had a significantly higher geometric mean BASC than those with genotype Val/Val (3.67 mu g/L vs. 2.69 mu g/L, p < 0.01). Although, among the ASD cases, this difference was not statistically significant, the direction of the observed difference was consistent with that of the TD control children. These findings suggest a possible role of GSTP1 in the detoxification of arsenic. C1 [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci EHGES, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Ma, Jianzhong] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Div Clin & Translat Sci, Dept Internal Med, Sch Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Ardjomand-Hessabi, Manouchehr; Dickerson, Aisha S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, CCTS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Samms-Vaughan, Maureen; Shakespeare-Pellington, Sydonnie] Univ W Indies, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Bressler, Jan; Grove, Megan L.; Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Loveland, Katherine A.] Univ Texas Med Sch Houston, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Beecher, Compton; McLaughlin, Wayne] Univ W Indies, Dept Basic Med Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [McLaughlin, Wayne] Univ W Indies, Caribbean Genet CARIGEN, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Rahbar, MH (reprint author), Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Houston, Div Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci EHGES, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Mohammad.H.Rahbar@uth.tmc.edu; msammsvaughan@gmail.com; Jianzhong.Ma@uth.tmc.edu; Jan.Bressler@uth.tmc.edu; Katherine.A.Loveland@uth.tmc.edu; Manouchehr.A.Hessabi@uth.tmc.edu; Aisha.S.Dickerson@uth.tmc.edu; Megan.L.Grove@uth.tmc.edu; sydonniesp@gmail.com; compton.beecher@uwimona.edu.jm; wayne.mclaughlin@uwimona.edu.jm; Eric.Boerwinkle@uth.tmc.edu FU Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (NIH-FIC) [R21HD057808]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01ES022165]; Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component of the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS); NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) [UL1 RR024148]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 TR000371]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) FX This research is co-funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (NIH-FIC) by a grant (R21HD057808) as well as National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) by a grant (R01ES022165) awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. We also acknowledge the support provided by the Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component of the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS) for this project. CCTS is mainly funded by the NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) grant (UL1 RR024148), awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 2006 by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and its renewal (UL1 TR000371) by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NICHD or the NIH-FIC or NIEHS or the NCRR or the NCATS. 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J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD AUG PY 2014 VL 11 IS 8 BP 7874 EP 7895 DI 10.3390/ijerph110807874 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO1UX UT WOS:000341101700021 PM 25101770 ER PT J AU Bennett, CC Sabanovic, S AF Bennett, Casey C. Sabanovic, Selma TI Deriving Minimal Features for Human-Like Facial Expressions in Robotic Faces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Human-robot interaction; Facial expression; Emotion; Minimalist design; Robot design ID RECOGNITION; EMOTION; BEHAVIOR; PERCEPTION; AUTISM; REAL AB This study explores deriving minimal features for a robotic face to convey information (via facial expressions) that people can perceive and understand. Recent research in computer vision has shown that a small number of moving points/lines can be used to capture the majority of information (95 %) in human facial expressions. Here, we apply such findings to a minimalist robot face design, which was run through a series of experiments with human subjects (n = 75) exploring the effect of various factors, including added neck motion and degree of expression. Facial expression identification rates were similar to more complex robots. In addition, added neck motion significantly improved facial expression identification rates to 100 % for all expressions (except Fear). The Negative Attitudes towards Robots (NARS) and Godspeed scales were also collected to examine user perceptions, e.g. perceived animacy and intelligence. The project aims to answer a number of fundamental questions about robotic face design, as well as to develop inexpensive and replicable robotic faces for experimental purposes. C1 [Bennett, Casey C.; Sabanovic, Selma] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bennett, Casey C.] Centerstone Res Inst, Dept Informat, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. RP Bennett, CC (reprint author), Centerstone Res Inst, Dept Informat, 365 South Pk Ridge Rd, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM cabennet@indiana.edu FU Indiana University's School of Informatics and Computing FX The authors would like to thank Amyra Asamoah, Kay Jessee, and Matthew R. Francisco for their assistance in performing this research. Funding was provided by Indiana University's School of Informatics and Computing. 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This project examined the so far invisible views of disability service organization workers towards social robotics. Because community service workers' views shape community-based rehabilitation (an area of health interventions that focuses on social determinants), it is important to examine their views towards social robotics applications which are largely developed under a clinical/medical view of disability. We administered a survey to employees of a Saskatchewan disability service organization. Out of 44 respondents, 80 % were female, most aged 21-65 years. Robotics applications perceived to be important included domestic robots, and rehabilitation robots. Least important applications included eldercare robots, companion robots, and pet robots. Most participants felt that robots cannot replace human touch, human interaction, or emotional companionship, and that they cannot/should not replace human workers in the disability setting. Many expressed concerns about safety, normality for disabled people, and artificial interactions. Respondents also had views on whether a social robot can be a bully or could be bullied. We submit that the perspectives our respondents exhibited might be useful to consider in the development of social robots for applications around disability in order to ensure acceptable and relevant products. C1 [Wolbring, Gregor; Yumakulov, Sophya] Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Wolbring, G (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM gwolbrin@ucalgary.ca; syumakul@ucalgary.ca FU Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary FX This work was in part supported by a Bridge funding grant of GW from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary; we would like to thank the University of Calgary for paying for the Springer open access option through their open access fund. 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J. Soc. Robot. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 SI SI BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s12369-014-0229-z PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA AN3NW UT WOS:000340496200012 ER PT J AU Buescher, AVS Cidav, Z Knapp, M Mandell, DS AF Buescher, Ariane V. S. Cidav, Zuleyha Knapp, Martin Mandell, David S. TI Costs of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the United Kingdom and the United States SO JAMA PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; PSYCHIATRIC-HOSPITALIZATION; CHILDREN; EXPENDITURES; EMPLOYMENT; SERVICE; UK; EXPERIENCES; ADULTS; HOME AB IMPORTANCE The economic effect of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) on individuals with the disorder, their families, and society as a whole is poorly understood and has not been updated in light of recent findings. OBJECTIVE To update estimates of age-specific, direct, indirect, and lifetime societal economic costs, including new findings on indirect costs, such as individual and parental productivity costs, associated with ASDs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A literature review was conducted of US and UK studies on individuals with ASDs and their families in October 2013 using the following keywords: age, autism spectrum disorder, prevalence, accommodation, special education, productivity loss, employment, costs, and economics. Current data on prevalence, level of functioning, and place of residence were combined with mean annual costs of services and support, opportunity costs, and productivity losses of individuals with ASDs with or without intellectual disability. EXPOSURE Presence of ASDs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mean annual medical, nonmedical, and indirect economic costs and lifetime costs were measured for individuals with ASDs separately for individuals with and without intellectual disability in the United States and the United Kingdom. RESULTS The cost of supporting an individual with an ASD and intellectual disability during his or her lifespan was $2.4 million in the United States and 1.5 pound million (US $2.2 million) in the United Kingdom. The cost of supporting an individual with an ASD without intellectual disability was $1.4 million in the United States and 0.92 pound million (US $1.4 million) in the United Kingdom. The largest cost components for children were special education services and parental productivity loss. During adulthood, residential care or supportive living accommodation and individual productivity loss contributed the highest costs. Medical costs were much higher for adults than for children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The substantial direct and indirect economic effect of ASDs emphasizes the need to continue to search for effective interventions that make best use of scarce societal resources. The distribution of economic effect across many different service systems raises questions about coordination of services and sectors. The enormous effect on families also warrants policy attention. C1 [Buescher, Ariane V. S.; Knapp, Martin] Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Personal Social Serv Res Unit, London WC2A 2AE, England. [Cidav, Zuleyha; Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cidav, Zuleyha; Mandell, David S.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr ASD Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mandell, DS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, 3535 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mandelld@upenn.edu RI Mandell, David/H-2730-2012 OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X FU Autism Speaks; Steve Shirley Foundation FX This study was funded by Autism Speaks. Estimates for the United Kingdom were built on previous research funded by the Steve Shirley Foundation. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 168 IS 8 BP 721 EP 728 DI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.210 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AN0TZ UT WOS:000340298200011 PM 24911948 ER PT J AU Millard, H McLaren, JL Coffey, BJ AF Millard, Hun McLaren, Jennifer L. Coffey, Barbara J. TI Lurasidone Treatment in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder with Irritability and Aggression SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Millard, Hun; McLaren, Jennifer L.] Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Dept Psychiat, Lebanon, NH USA. [Coffey, Barbara J.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Coffey, BJ (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Barbara.coffey@mssm.edu FU Boehringer Ingelheim; Bristol-Myers; Eli Lilly Pharmaceutical; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); Otsuka; Pfizer; Shire; Tourette Syndrome Association FX Drs. Millard and McLaren have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. Dr. Coffey has received research support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers, Eli Lilly Pharmaceutical, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Otsuka, Pfizer, Shire, and Tourette Syndrome Association. CR Baribeau DA, 2014, CURR PSYCHIAT REP, V16, DOI 10.1007/s11920-014-0437-0 Doyle CA, 2012, EXPERT OPIN PHARMACO, V13, P1615, DOI 10.1517/14656566.2012.674110 Politte LC, 2014, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V231, P1023, DOI 10.1007/s00213-013-3068-y Stahl SM, 2013, STAHLS ESSENTIAL PSY NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5463 EI 1557-8992 J9 J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP JI J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 354 EP 356 DI 10.1089/cap.2014.2462 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA AN7ZW UT WOS:000340820700009 ER PT J AU Otsuka, Y Mareschal, I Calder, AJ Clifford, CWG AF Otsuka, Yumiko Mareschal, Isabelle Calder, Andrew J. Clifford, Colin W. G. TI Dual-Route Model of the Effect of Head Orientation on Perceived Gaze Direction SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE gaze perception; cue combination; head orientation; Wollaston effect; dual-route model ID UNIQUE MORPHOLOGY; TEMPORAL CORTEX; EYE DIRECTION; PERCEPTION; LOOKING; AUTISM; JUDGMENT; FACE; ACCURACY; CHILDREN AB Previous studies on gaze perception have identified 2 opposing effects of head orientation on perceived gaze direction-1 repulsive and the other attractive. However, the relationship between these 2 effects has remained unclear. By using a gaze categorization task, the current study examined the effect of head orientation on the perceived direction of gaze in a whole-head condition and an eye-region condition. We found that the perceived direction of gaze was generally biased in the opposite direction to head orientation (a repulsive effect). Importantly, the magnitude of the repulsive effect was more pronounced in the eye-region condition than in the whole-head condition. Based on these findings, we developed a dual-route model, which proposes that the 2 opposing effects of head orientation occur through 2 distinct routes. In the framework of this dual-route model, we explain and reconcile the findings from previous studies, and provide a functional account of attractive and repulsive effects and their interaction. C1 [Otsuka, Yumiko; Clifford, Colin W. G.] Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Mareschal, Isabelle] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Mareschal, Isabelle] Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Psychol, Sch Chem & Biol Sci, London, England. [Calder, Andrew J.] MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England. [Clifford, Colin W. G.] Univ Sydney, Australian Ctr Excellence Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Otsuka, Y (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychol, Mathews Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM yumikoot@gmail.com RI Otsuka, Yumiko/J-5628-2014 FU Australian Research Council [DP120102589]; Medical Research Council, United Kingdom [MC_US_A060_5PQ50] FX This work is supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Project [DP120102589] to Colin Clifford and Andrew Calder; Colin Clifford is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship; Andrew Calder is supported by the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom [grant ref. MC_US_A060_5PQ50]. 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Brimer, Debbie TI Physical Education Issues for Students With Autism: School Nurse Challenges SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL NURSING LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Individualized Education Plan (IEP); physical education (PE) ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; MOTOR; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE AB Extant studies indicate persons with autism have difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, repetitive behaviors, and poor ability to generalize learned skills. Obesity has also been identified as significantly affecting children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Negative experience in physical education (PE) may be the antecedent behavior to lack of activities that are mediators to sedentary lifestyles and contributors to the chronic illnesses associated with overweight and obesity. Students with ASD often cannot perform required activities to meet required PE standards. It is imperative school nurses be aware of the many challenges students with ASD bring into a PE class. School nurses provide education for the members of the school community, including the Individualized Education Plan team, regarding the need for attention to limitations, including physical activity, of students with ASD. C1 [Rutkowski, Elaine M.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Brimer, Debbie] Antelope Valley Union High Sch Dist, Lancaster, CA USA. RP Rutkowski, EM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, POB 6868, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. 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B., 2007, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, V78, P33 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1059-8405 EI 1546-8364 J9 J SCH NURS JI J. Sch. Nurs. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1177/1059840513503686 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA AN6QE UT WOS:000340719800004 PM 24014552 ER PT J AU Chiu, YN Chou, MC Lee, JC Wong, CC Chou, WJ Wu, YY Chien, YL Gau, SSF AF Chiu, Yen-Nan Chou, Miao-Chun Lee, Ju-Chin Wong, Ching-Ching Chou, Wen-Jiun Wu, Yu-Yu Chien, Yi-Ling Gau, Susan Shur-Fen TI Determinants of maternal satisfaction with diagnosis disclosure of autism SO JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE autism; disclosure; informed counseling; mothers; satisfaction ID SEVERE MENTAL HANDICAP; DOWNS-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER; PARENTING STYLE; 1ST INFORMATION; CHILDREN; DISABILITY; FAMILIES; COMMUNICATION; PROFESSIONALS AB Background/Purpose: Diagnosis disclosure is an important clinical issue in developmental disabilities, which may influence parents' ability to cope with their child's conditions. This paper presents the content and patterns of diagnosis-informed counseling for mothers of children with autism and investigates the determinants for maternal satisfaction with this counseling, in order to improve clinical practice. Methods: Mothers of 151 children, aged 3-12 years, with DSM-IV autistic disorder, confirmed by the Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, were assessed. We collected information about the mothers' experience with diagnosis-informed counseling, their personality characteristics, and the extent to which they were satisfied with the counseling. Results: Satisfaction with diagnosis-informed counseling was related more to the context of the counseling, including the attitude of the counselors and the timing and duration of counseling, than to its content. Parents' social desirability, educational level, and employment status were negatively associated with their satisfaction with counseling. However, immediate emotion, neuroticism, and extroversion did not have a significant effect on the satisfaction with counseling. Approximately 60% of the mothers preferred to be informed of having an autistic child after the diagnosis had been confirmed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that more efforts are needed to improve the quality of diagnosis-informed counseling in autism, particularly in the context of breaking the news to mothers of children with autism. Future study could further examine the moderating effect of diagnostic subtype of autism spectrum disorders, treatment response, or social support on maternal satisfaction with diagnosis-informed counseling (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00494754). Copyright (C) 2012, Elsevier Taiwan LLC & Formosan Medical Association. All rights reserved. C1 [Chiu, Yen-Nan; Chien, Yi-Ling; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. [Chiu, Yen-Nan; Chien, Yi-Ling; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chou, Miao-Chun; Chou, Wen-Jiun] Kaohsiung Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Chou, Miao-Chun; Chou, Wen-Jiun] Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Lee, Ju-Chin] Wan Fang Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wong, Ching-Ching] Taipei City Hosp, Branch Women & Children, Taipei Child Assessment & Early Intervent Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wu, Yu-Yu] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, Linkou Med Ctr, Taoyuan, Taiwan. RP Chien, YL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 7 Chung Shan South Rd, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. EM ylchien@hotmail.com FU National Science Council (gs1), Taiwan [NSC96-3112-B-002-033, NSC97-3112-B-002-009, N5C98-3112-B-002-004] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Council (gs1) (NSC96-3112-B-002-033; NSC96-3112-B-002-033; NSC97-3112-B-002-009; N5C98-3112-B-002-004), Taiwan. 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Formos. Med. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 113 IS 8 BP 540 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.07.040 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AO1HF UT WOS:000341062500009 PM 25037759 ER PT J AU Wolf, EJ Mitchell, KS Logue, MW Baldwin, CT Reardon, AF Aiello, A Galea, S Koenen, KC Uddin, M Wildman, D Miller, MW AF Wolf, Erika J. Mitchell, Karen S. Logue, Mark W. Baldwin, Clinton T. Reardon, Annemarie F. Aiello, Alison Galea, Sandro Koenen, Karestan C. Uddin, Monica Wildman, Derek Miller, Mark W. TI The Dopamine D-3 Receptor Gene and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; D3; ASSOCIATION; DRD3; POPULATION AB The dopamine D-3 receptor (DRD3) gene has been implicated in schizophrenia, autism, and substance use-disorders and is related to emotion reactivity, executive functioning, and stress-responding, processes impaired in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this candidate gene study was to evaluate DRD3 polymorphisms for association with PTSD. The discovery sample was trauma-exposed White, non-Hispanic U.S. veterans and their trauma-exposed intimate partners (N = 491); 60.3% met criteria for lifetime PTSD. The replication sample was 601 trauma-exposed African American participants living in Detroit, Michigan; 23.6% met criteria for lifetime PTSD. Genotyping was based on high-density bead chips. In the discovery sample, 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2134655, rs201252087, rs4646996, and rs9868039, showed evidence of association with PTSD and withstood correction for multiple testing. The minor alleles were associated with reduced risk for PTSD (OR range= 0.59 to 0.69). In the replication sample, rs2251177, located 149 base pairs away from the most significant SNP in the discovery sample, was nominally associated with PTSD in men (OR = 0.32). Although the precise role of the D3 receptor in PTSD is not yet known, its role in executive functioning and emotional reactivity, and the sensitivity of the dopamine system to environmental stressors could potentially explain this association. C1 [Wolf, Erika J.; Mitchell, Karen S.; Reardon, Annemarie F.; Miller, Mark W.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Boston, MA USA. [Wolf, Erika J.; Mitchell, Karen S.; Miller, Mark W.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. 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C1 [Isshiki, Masaaki; Tanaka, Shinji; Okabe, Shigeo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cellular Neurobiol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kuriu, Toshihiko] Tokushima Bunri Univ, Kagawa Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Neurophysiol, Tokushima, Kagawa 7692193, Japan. [Tabuchi, Katsuhiko] Shinshu Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Sch Med, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan. [Tabuchi, Katsuhiko] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Takumi, Toru] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Takumi, Toru] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. RP Okabe, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cellular Neurobiol, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM okabe@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [21220008, 25117006, 26250014]; Global COE Program; Takeda Science Foundation [11J05614]; Naito Memorial Foundation FX We thank Taisuke Mizuguchi and Noriyuki Hayashi for data analysis, Satoe Ebihara for technical support, and Dr Shigeo Takamori for providing VGluT1 antibody. The BTBR T + tf mouse strain (RBRC 01206) was provided by RIKEN BRC through the National Bio-Resource Project of the MEXT, Japan. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (21220008, 25117006 and 26250014 to S.O.), 'Development of biomarker candidates for social behavior' study conducted under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (S.O.), Global COE Program (Integrative Life Science Based on the Study of Biosignaling Mechanisms to S.O.), Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (11J05614 to M.I.), Takeda Science Foundation (S.O.) and Naito Memorial Foundation (S.O.). 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Commun. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4742 DI 10.1038/ncomms5742 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO1OC UT WOS:000341081500001 PM 25144834 ER PT J AU Muller, M Can, K AF Mueller, Michael Can, Karolina TI Aberrant redox homoeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in Rett syndrome SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; autism spectrum disorder; mitochondrial disease; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species (ROS); redox imaging ID MOUSE MODEL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; MECP2; BRAIN; ABNORMALITIES; NEURONS; EXPRESSION; MUTATION; DISEASE AB RTT (Rett syndrome) is a severe progressive neurodevelopmental disorder with a monogenetic cause, but complex and multifaceted clinical appearance. Compelling evidence suggests that mitochondrial alterations and aberrant redox homoeostasis result in oxidative challenge. Yet, compared with other severe neuropathologies, RTT is not associated with marked neurodegeneration, but rather a chemical imbalance and miscommunication of neuronal elements. Different pharmacotherapies mediate partial improvement of conditions in RTT, and also antioxidants or compounds improving mitochondrial function may be of potential merit. In the present paper, we summarize findings from patients and transgenic mice that point towards the nature of RTT as a mitochondrial disease. Also, open questions are addressed that require clarification to fully understand and successfully target the associated cellular redox imbalance. C1 [Mueller, Michael; Can, Karolina] Univ Gottingen, Inst Neuro & Sinnesphysiol, Zentrum Physiol & Pathophysiol,Univ Med, Ctr Nanoscale Microscopy & Mol Physiol Brain CNMP, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Neuro & Sinnesphysiol, Zentrum Physiol & Pathophysiol,Univ Med, Ctr Nanoscale Microscopy & Mol Physiol Brain CNMP, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. EM mmuelle7@gwdg.de RI Muller, Michael/F-7222-2010 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, CNMPB); International Rett Syndrome Foundation (IRSF) [2817] FX Our research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, CNMPB) and the International Rett Syndrome Foundation (IRSF) [grant number 2817]. 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Tiemeier, Henning TI Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and social responsiveness symptoms of autism: population-based study of young children SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ANTIDEPRESSANT EXPOSURE; FETAL-GROWTH; IN-UTERO; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; NEONATAL OUTCOMES; STATISTICS NOTES; BIRTH OUTCOMES; PREGNANT-WOMEN AB Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered safe and are frequently used during pregnancy. However, two case-control studies suggested an association between prenatal SSRI exposure with childhood autism. Aims To prospectively determine whether intra-uterine SSSRI exposure is associated with childhood autistic symptoms in a population-based study. Method A total of 376 children prenatally exposed to maternal depressive symptoms (no SSRI exposure), 69 children prenatally exposed to SSRIs and 5531 unexposed children were included. Child pervasive developmental and affective problems were assessed by parental report with the Child Behavior Checklist at ages 1.5, 3 and 6. At age 6, we assessed autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale (n = 4264). Results Prenatal exposure to maternal depressive symptoms without SSRIs was related to both pervasive developmental (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% CI 1.07-1.93) and affective problems (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.15-1.81). Compared with unexposed children, those prenatally exposed to SSRIs also were at higher risk for developing pervasive developmental problems (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.13-3.47), but not for affective problems. Children prenatally exposed to SSRIs also had more autistic traits (B=0.15, 95% CI 0.08-0.22) compared with those exposed to depressive symptoms only. Conclusions Our results suggest an association between prenatal SSRI exposure and autistic traits in children. Prenatal depressive symptoms without SSRI use were also associated with autistic traits, albeit this was weaker and less specific. Longterm drug safety trials are needed before evidence-based recommendations are possible. C1 [El Marroun, Hanan; White, Tonya J. H.; Schoemaker, Nikita K.] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [El Marroun, Hanan; Schoemaker, Nikita K.] Erasmus MC, Generat R Study Grp, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [White, Tonya J. H.] Erasmus MC, Dept Radiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van der Knaap, Noortje J. F.; Homberg, Judith R.; Fernandez, Guilen] Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Generat R Study Grp, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.] Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hofman, Albert; Stricker, Bruno H. C.] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Verhulst, Frank C.; Hudziak, James J.; Tiemeier, Henning] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hudziak, James J.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Deptartment Psychiat, Burlington, VT USA. [Stricker, Bruno H. C.] Inspectorate Healthcare, The Hague, Netherlands. [Tiemeier, Henning] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Tiemeier, Henning] Erasmus MC, Dept Psychiat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Tiemeier, H (reprint author), Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM h.tiemeier@erasmusmc.nl RI Fernandez, Guillen/B-3771-2009; Homberg, Judith/D-2473-2010 OI Fernandez, Guillen/0000-0002-5522-0604; FU Sophia Children's Hospital Fund [SSWO-616]; Erasmus Medical Centre; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (Zon MW Geestkracht Program) [10.000.1003]; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw TOP) [40-00812-98-11021]; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (NWO Brain & Cognition Program) [433-09-311]; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (VIDI) [017.106.370] FX The Sophia Children's Hospital Fund (SSWO-616) supported this work financially. The first phase of the Generation R Study was made possible by financial support from the Erasmus Medical Centre and The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (Zon MW Geestkracht Program 10.000.1003 & ZonMw TOP 40-00812-98-11021, NWO Brain & Cognition Program Grant 433-09-311 and VIDI Grant 017.106.370) CR Achenbach T, 2000, MANUAL ASEBA PRESCHO ACHENBACH TM, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V101, P213, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Andrews G, 1998, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V33, P80, DOI 10.1007/s001270050026 Ansorge MS, 2008, J NEUROSCI, V28, P199, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3973-07.2008 Austin MP, 2006, PSYCHOL MED, V36, P1663, DOI 10.1017/S003329170600835X Bakker MK, 2008, BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO, V65, P600, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.03048.x Bakker R, 2011, NICOTINE TOB RES, V13, P1250, DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr117 Barbey JT, 1998, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V59, P42 Casper RC, 2003, J PEDIATR-US, V142, P402, DOI 10.1067/mpd.203.139 Chambers CD, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P1010, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199610033351402 Constantino JN, 2000, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V21, P2 Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES Courchesne E, 2007, NEURON, V56, P399, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.016 Courchesne E, 2011, BRAIN RES, V1380, P138, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.101 COX JL, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P782, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 Croen LA, 2011, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V68, P1104, DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.73 de Beurs E, 2004, BRIEF SYMPTOM INVENT DEROGATIS LR, 1983, PSYCHOL MED, V13, P595 El Marroun H, 2012, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V69, P706, DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2333 Gaspar P, 2003, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V4, P1002, DOI 10.1038/nrn1256 Greenland S, 1995, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V142, P1255 Hirschfeld RMA, 2001, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V179, pS4, DOI 10.1192/bjp.179.42.s4 Ivanova MY, 2010, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V49, P1215, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.019 Jaddoe VWV, 2010, EUR J EPIDEMIOL, V25, P823, DOI 10.1007/s10654-010-9516-7 Jaddoe VWV, 2007, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V165, P1207, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwm014 Levison-Castiel R, 2006, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V160, P173, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.160.2.173 Lund N, 2009, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V163, P949, DOI 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.164 Maciag D, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V31, P47, DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300823 Matthews JNS, 1996, BRIT MED J, V313, P862 Matthews JNS, 1996, BRIT MED J, V313, P808 MICKEY RM, 1989, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V129, P125 Misri S, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P1026, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.6.1026 Mulder EJH, 2011, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V36, P1961, DOI 10.1038/npp.2011.67 Muratori F, 2011, EPIDEMIOL PSYCH SCI, V20, P329, DOI 10.1017/S204579601100045X Nakamura BJ, 2009, J PSYCHOPATHOL BEHAV, V31, P178, DOI 10.1007/s10862-008-9119-8 Nulman I, 2002, AM J PSYCHIAT, V159, P1889, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1889 Oberlander TF, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P898, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.8.898 Pardo CA, 2007, BRAIN PATHOL, V17, P434, DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00102.x Pedersen LH, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, pE600, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-3655 POP VJ, 1992, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V26, P105, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(92)90041-4 Rai D, 2013, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V346, DOI 10.1136/bmj.f2059 Rayburn W F, 2000, J Matern Fetal Med, V9, P136 Rothman K, 2008, MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY, V3rd Rothman K J, 1990, Epidemiology, V1, P43, DOI 10.1097/00001648-199001000-00010 Sanz EJ, 2005, LANCET, V365, P482, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17865-9 Schetter CD, 2011, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V62, P531, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.031809.130727 Sikora DM, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P440, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0407-z Simon GE, 2002, AM J PSYCHIAT, V159, P2055, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2055 Simpson KL, 2011, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V108, P18465, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1109353108 Statistics Netherlands, 2004, STAND OND 2003 Statistics Netherlands, 2004, ALL NED 2004 Talge NM, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01714.x Tick NT, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P1333, DOI 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181337532 Verburg BO, 2008, ULTRASOUND OBST GYN, V31, P388, DOI 10.1002/uog.5225 Walter SD, 2001, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V54, P1072, DOI 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00385-7 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND SN 0007-1250 EI 1472-1465 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 205 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.127746 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM7CR UT WOS:000340022800004 PM 25252317 ER PT J AU Feldman, R Golan, O Hirschler-Guttenberg, Y Ostfeld-Etzion, S Zagoory-Sharon, O AF Feldman, Ruth Golan, Ofer Hirschler-Guttenberg, Yael Ostfeld-Etzion, Sharon Zagoory-Sharon, Orna TI Parent child interaction and oxytocin production in pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR GENE OXTR; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; SYNCHRONY; COGNITION; BEHAVIOR AB Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with genetic risk on the oxytocin,system, suggesting oxytocin involvement in ASD; yet oxytocin functioning in young children with ASD is unknown. Aims To assess baseline oxytocin in pre-schoolers with ASD and test whether oxytocin production may be enhanced by parent-child contact. Method Forty pre-schoolers with high-functioning ASD were matched with 40. typically developing controls. Two home visits included an identical 45-minute social battery once with the mother and once with the father. Four saliva oxytocin samples were collected from each parent and the child during each visit. Results Children with ASD had lower baseline oxytocin. Following 20 mm of parent-child interactions, oxytocin normalised and remained high during social contact. Fifteen. minutes after contact, oxytocin fell to baseline. Oxytocin correlated with parent-child social synchrony in both groups. Conclusions Oxytocin dysfunction in ASD is observed in early childhood. The quick improvement in oxytocin production following parent-child contact underscores the malleability of the system and charts future directions for attachment-based behavioural and pharmacological interventions. C1 [Feldman, Ruth; Golan, Ofer; Hirschler-Guttenberg, Yael; Ostfeld-Etzion, Sharon; Zagoory-Sharon, Orna] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Feldman, Ruth; Golan, Ofer; Hirschler-Guttenberg, Yael; Ostfeld-Etzion, Sharon; Zagoory-Sharon, Orna] Bar Ilan Univ, Gonda Brain Sci Ctr, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Feldman, R (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM feldman@mail.biu.ac.il FU German-Israeli Science Foundation [1114-101.4/2010]; Irving B. Harris Foundation; US-Israeli Bi-National Science Foundation; Association for Children at Risk, Israel FX The study was supported by the German-Israeli Science Foundation (1114-101.4/2010), the Irving B. Harris Foundation, the US-Israeli Bi-National Science Foundation, and the Association for Children at Risk, Israel. 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J. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 205 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.137513 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM7CR UT WOS:000340022800007 PM 24855128 ER PT J AU Camarena, V Cao, L Abad, C Abrams, A Toledo, Y Araki, K Araki, M Walz, K Young, JI AF Camarena, Vladimir Cao, Lei Abad, Clemer Abrams, Alexander Toledo, Yaima Araki, Kimi Araki, Masatake Walz, Katherina Young, Juan I. TI Disruption of Mbd5 in mice causes neuronal functional deficits and neurobehavioral abnormalities consistent with 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome SO EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; intellectual disability; MBD5; mouse model ID IMPAIRED SOCIAL-INTERACTION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; BINDING DOMAIN; MOUSE MODELS; GENE; FEATURES; MUTATIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, motor delay, autistic-like behaviors, and a distinctive craniofacial phenotype. All patients carry a partial or total deletion of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 5 (MBD5), suggesting that haploinsufficiency of this gene is responsible for the phenotype. To confirm this hypothesis and to examine the role of MBD5 in vivo, we have generated and characterized an Mbd5 gene-trap mouse model. Our study indicates that the Mbd5(+/GT) mouse model recapitulates most of the hallmark phenotypes observed in 2q23.1 deletion carriers including abnormal social behavior, cognitive impairment, and motor and craniofacial abnormalities. In addition, neuronal cultures uncovered a deficiency in neurite outgrowth. These findings support a causal role of MBD5 in 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome and suggest a role for MBD5 in neuronal processes. The Mbd5(+/GT) mouse model will advance our understanding of the abnormal brain development underlying the emergence of 2q23.1 deletion-associated behavioral and cognitive symptoms. C1 [Camarena, Vladimir; Cao, Lei; Abrams, Alexander; Toledo, Yaima; Walz, Katherina; Young, Juan I.] Univ Miami, Dept Human Genet, John T Macdonald Fdn, Miami, FL USA. [Abad, Clemer; Walz, Katherina; Young, Juan I.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Araki, Kimi; Araki, Masatake] Kumamoto Univ, Inst Resource Dev & Anal, Kumamoto, Japan. RP Young, JI (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Human Genet, John T Macdonald Fdn, Miami, FL USA. EM jyoung3@med.miami.edu FU Le Jerome Lejeune Foundation FX We thank Alison Castle for technical assistance. This study was supported in part by Le Jerome Lejeune Foundation. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1003 EP 1015 DI 10.15252/emmm.201404044 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA AN2LN UT WOS:000340416800003 PM 25001218 ER PT J AU Busquets-Garcia, A Maldonado, R Ozaita, A AF Busquets-Garcia, Arnau Maldonado, Rafael Ozaita, Andres TI New insights into the molecular pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome and therapeutic perspectives from the animal model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Fragile X syndrome; mGluR5; Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Endocannabinoid system; CB1 cannabinoid receptor; Intellectual disability; Anxiety; Epilepsy; Nociception ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MOUSE MODEL; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM; AUDIOGENIC-SEIZURES AB Fragile X syndrome is the most common monogenetic form of intellectual disability and is a leading cause of autism. This syndrome is produced by the reduced transcription of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene, and it is characterized by a range of symptoms heterogeneously expressed in patients such as cognitive impairment, seizure susceptibility, altered pain sensitivity and anxiety. The recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved have opened novel potential therapeutic approaches identified in preclinical rodent models as a necessary preliminary step for the subsequent evaluation in patients. Among those possible therapeutic approaches, the modulation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling or the GABA receptor signaling have focused most of the attention. New findings in the animal models open other possible therapeutic approaches such as the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway or the endocannabinoid system. This review summarizes the emerging data recently obtained in preclinical models of fragile X syndrome supporting these new therapeutic perspectives. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Busquets-Garcia, Arnau; Maldonado, Rafael; Ozaita, Andres] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Ciencies Expt & Salut, Barcelona 08003, Spain. RP Ozaita, A (reprint author), Univ Pompeu Fabra, Fac Ciencies Salut & Vida, Lab Neurofarmacol, Parc Recerca Biomed Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain. EM andres.ozaita@upf.edu RI Maldonado, Rafael/F-5657-2014 OI Maldonado, Rafael/0000-0002-4359-8773 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura; "Investments for the future" Programme IdEx Bordeaux, French National Research Agency [ANR-10-IDEX-03-02]; FRAXA Research Foundation; Jerome Lejeune Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [BFU2012-33500, SAF2011-29864]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [RD06/0001/0001]; PLANE (Plan Espanol para el Estimulo de la Economia y el Empleo); Generalitat de Catalunya [SGR-2009-00731]; ICREA (Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats) Academia FX AB-G was recipient of a predoctoral fellowship (Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura) and supported by "Investments for the future" Programme IdEx Bordeaux (ANR-10-IDEX-03-02, French National Research Agency). Related research on the subject was supported by grants from FRAXA Research Foundation (A.O.), Jerome Lejeune Foundation (A.O.), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (#BFU2012-33500 to A.O., #SAF2011-29864 to R.M.); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD06/0001/0001 to R.M.); PLANE (Plan Espanol para el Estimulo de la Economia y el Empleo); Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR-2009-00731 to R.M.); ICREA (Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats) Academia to R.M. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.004 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AN1KE UT WOS:000340340400015 PM 24831882 ER PT J AU Wei, HG Alberts, I Li, XH AF Wei, Hongen Alberts, Ian Li, Xiaohong TI The apoptotic perspective of autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Apoptosis; Protein; Signaling pathway; Mechanism ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; HEPATOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; MET TYROSINE KINASE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; C-MET; NEURONAL APOPTOSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive behavior and restricted interests. The normal brain development during fetal brain development and the first year of life is critical to the behaviors and cognitions in adulthood. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an important mechanism that determines the size and shape of the brain and regulates the proper wiring of developing neuronal networks. Pathological activation of apoptotic death pathways under pathological conditions may lead to neuroanatomic abnormalities and possibly to developmental disabilities. It has been demonstrated a possible association between neural cell death and autism. Here, the abnormal apoptosis found in autism from postmortem and animal studies was reviewed and the possible mechanism was discussed. (C) 2014 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wei, Hongen] Shanxi Med Univ, Shanxi Prov Peoples Hosp, Cent Lab, Taiyuan 030012, Peoples R China. [Alberts, Ian] CUNY, LaGuardia CC, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 11101 USA. [Li, Xiaohong] NY State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Neurochem, New York, NY 10314 USA. RP Wei, HG (reprint author), Shanxi Med Univ, Shanxi Prov Peoples Hosp, Cent Lab, 29 Shuangta Rd, Taiyuan 030012, Peoples R China. EM hongenwei@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [81201061]; Shanxi Scholarship Council of China [2013-124]; Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi [2013021036-2] FX This work was supported by grants to H. Wei from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81201061), Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2013-124) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi (No. 2013021036-2). 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It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 ('Fragile X Mental Retardation 1') gene, which prevents expression of the 'Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein' (FMRP). In FXS, the absence of FMRP leads to altered structural and functional development of the synapse, while preventing activity-based synapse maturation and synaptic pruning, which are essential for normal brain development and cognitive development. Possible impairments in information processing can be non-invasively investigated using electrophysiology. Methods: We compared auditory (AEP) and visual (VEP) evoked potentials in twelve adolescents and young adults (10-22 years) affected by FXS to healthy controls matched by chronological age (N = 12) and developmental age of cognitive functioning (N = 9; 5-7 years), using analysis of variance. Results: In the visual modality, the N70 and N2 amplitude have been found increased in FXS in comparison. to the chronological, but not the developmental control group at occipital sites, whereas in the auditory modality N1, P2 and N2 amplitude as well as N2 latency have been found increased in FXS, relative to both chronological and developmental control groups at mid-central sites. Conclusions: The AEP/VEP profile suggests disruptions in sensory processing specific to FXS that exceed immaturity of physiological activity. In addition, the auditory modality seems to be more affected than the visual modality. Results are discussed in light of possible underlying neuronal mechanisms, including deficits in synaptic pruning and neuronal inhibition that might account for a hyperreactive nervous system in FXS. (C) 2014 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Knoth, Inga Sophia; Vannasing, Phetsamone; Major, Philippe; Michaud, Jacques L.; Lippe, Sarah] Univ Montreal, CHU Ste Justine, Mother & Child Univ Hosp Ctr, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. [Knoth, Inga Sophia; Lippe, Sarah] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. [Knoth, Inga Sophia; Lippe, Sarah] Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Neuropsychol & Cognit, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. RP Knoth, IS (reprint author), Univ Montreal, CHU Ste Justine, Mother & Child Univ Hosp Ctr, Res Ctr, 3175 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. EM Inga.Knoth@umontreal.ca FU Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada [12112] FX This research was supported by a Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada grant to Sarah Lippe 12112. We thank Domitille Malfait for carrying out the neuropsychological evaluation of most of the patients and Patricia Laniel and Maude Joannette for their help in the acquisition of EEG data. We thank language editor J. Arthur White for significantly revising the manuscript. 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.003 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN1JW UT WOS:000340339600013 PM 24875778 ER PT J AU Gringras, P Green, D Wright, B Rush, C Sparrowhawk, M Pratt, K Allgar, V Hooke, N Moore, D Zaiwalla, Z Wiggs, L AF Gringras, Paul Green, Dido Wright, Barry Rush, Carla Sparrowhawk, Masako Pratt, Karen Allgar, Victoria Hooke, Naomi Moore, Danielle Zaiwalla, Zenobia Wiggs, Luci TI Weighted Blankets and Sleep in Autistic Children-A Randomized Controlled Trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; severe sleep problems; weighted blankets; total sleep time; children ID DISORDERS; MELATONIN AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a weighted-blanket intervention in treating severe sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: This phase III trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design. Participants were aged between 5 years and 16 years 10 months, with a confirmed ASD diagnosis and severe sleep problems, refractory to community-based interventions. The interventions were either a commercially available weighted blanket or otherwise identical usual weight blanket (control), introduced at bedtime; each was used for a 2-week period before crossover to the other blanket. Primary outcome was total sleep time (TST) recorded by actigraphy over each 2-week period. Secondary outcomes included actigraphically recorded sleep-onset latency, sleep efficiency, assessments of child behavior, family functioning, and adverse events. Sleep was also measured by using parent-report diaries. RESULTS: Seventy-three children were randomized and analysis conducted on 67 children who completed the study. Using objective measures, the weighted blanket, compared with the control blanket, did not increase TST as measured by actigraphy and adjusted for baseline TST. There were no group differences in any other objective or subjective measure of sleep, including behavioral outcomes. On subjective preference measures, parents and children favored the weighted blanket. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a weighted blanket did not help children with ASD sleep for a longer period of time, fall asleep significantly faster, or wake less often. However, the weighted blanket was favored by children and parents, and blankets were well tolerated over this period. C1 [Gringras, Paul; Rush, Carla; Pratt, Karen] St Thomas Hosp, Evelina Childrens Hosp, London SE1 7EH, England. [Green, Dido] Oxford Brookes Univ, Ctr Rehabil, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Sparrowhawk, Masako; Allgar, Victoria; Wiggs, Luci] Oxford Brookes Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Wright, Barry; Hooke, Naomi; Moore, Danielle] Lime Trees Child & Family Unit, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Zaiwalla, Zenobia] John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. 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Fisher, Marisa H. Taylor, Julie Lounds Lambert, Warren Miodrag, Nancy TI Reducing Distress in Mothers of Children With Autism and Other Disabilities: A Randomized Trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; developmental disabilities; maternal stress and mental health; mindfulness based stress reduction; positive psychology ID POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY INTERVENTIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; PARENTING STRESS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; MENTAL-HEALTH; METAANALYSIS; MINDFULNESS; VALIDATION AB BACKGROUND: Compared with other parents, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder or other neurodevelopmental disabilities experience more stress, illness, and psychiatric problems. Although the cumulative stress and disease burden of these mothers is exceptionally high, and associated with poorer outcomes in children, policies and practices primarily serve the identified child with disabilities. METHODS: A total of 243 mothers of children with disabilities were consented and randomized into either Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (mindfulness practice) or Positive Adult Development (positive psychology practice). Well-trained, supervised peer mentors led 6 weeks of group treatments in 1.5-hour weekly sessions, assessing mothers 6 times before, during, and up to 6 months after treatment. Mothers had children with autism (65%) or other disabilities (35%). At baseline, 85% of this community sample had significantly elevated stress, 48% were clinically depressed, and 41% had anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Using slopes-as-outcomes, mixed random effects models, both treatments led to significant reductions in stress, depression, and anxiety, and improved sleep and life satisfaction, with large effects in depression and anxiety. Mothers in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction versus Positive Adult Development had greater improvements in anxiety, depression, sleep, and well-being. Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder improved less in anxiety, but did not otherwise differ from their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies are warranted on how trained mentors and professionals can address the unmet mental health needs of mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Doing so improves maternal wellbeing and furthers their long-term caregiving of children with complex developmental, physical, and behavioral needs. C1 [Dykens, Elisabeth M.; Fisher, Marisa H.; Taylor, Julie Lounds; Lambert, Warren] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.; Fisher, Marisa H.; Taylor, Julie Lounds; Lambert, Warren] Vanderbilt Univ, Univ Ctr Excellence Dev Disabil, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.; Taylor, Julie Lounds] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Miodrag, Nancy] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Child & Adolescent Dev, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Dykens, EM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, 1 Magnolia Circle,Peabody Box 40, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM Elisabeth.dykens@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [5RC1AT005612]; NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P30HD015052]; NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1TR000445]; National Institute of Mental Health [K01MH92598]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine grant 5RC1AT005612 to the first author, and used core research services provided by NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant P30HD015052 to the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences award UL1TR000445 to Vanderbilt University. Dr Taylor's participation was supported by K01MH92598, National Institute of Mental Health. 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TI Health Care Transition Services for Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; adolescence; health care services; health care transition ID UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; MEDICAL HOME; UNMET NEEDS; DSM-IV; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; FAMILY; PERSPECTIVES; INDIVIDUALS AB Objective: Little is known about accessibility to health care transition (HCT) services (HCT) for youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study examined how often youth with ASD receive HCT services and how access varied by individual, family, and health system characteristics. Method: Questionnaires were completed by 101 parents of youth with ASD (ages 12-17 years) enrolled in a national online autism registry. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to examine a composite HCT variable and its components. Results: Fewer than 15% of youth received HCT services. Although 41% received at least 1 HCT discussion, only 3% received all 3. One-quarter had a discussion with their health care provider about transitioning to an adult provider, adult health care needs, or insurance retention, and 31% of providers encouraged youth to take on more responsibilities. Most caregivers reported not needing 1 or more of the discussions. Results varied significantly when the sample was divided by age, with older youth more likely to have received transition services than younger adolescents. Conclusions: These findings indicate a significant disparity in access to HCT services for youth with ASD. Further research is needed to understand this disparity and develop interventions to improve HCT both for youth with ASD and those with other disabling health conditions. Additionally, many caregivers do not recognize the importance of HCT services. Education and training for caregivers, youth, and providers is essential to ensure all parties are working together to address transition issues early and often. C1 [Cheak-Zamora, Nancy C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Farmer, Janet E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Psychol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mayfield, Wayne A.] Univ Missouri, Off Social & Econ Data Anal, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Clark, Mary J.] Univ Missouri, Atkins Wellness Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Marvin, Alison R.; Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cheak-Zamora, NC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 510 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. 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Psychol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1037/a0036725 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AN2RH UT WOS:000340432500011 PM 25019309 ER PT J AU Telias, M Ben-Yosef, D AF Telias, Michael Ben-Yosef, Dalit TI Modeling Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells SO STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Human pluripotent stem cells; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Disease models; Neural differentiation; Electrophysiology ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; LESCH-NYHAN-SYNDROME; PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS; IPSC-DERIVED NEURONS; DOWN-SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME; IN-VITRO AB Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are impairments that affect the development and growth of the brain and the central nervous system during embryonic and early postnatal life. Genetically manipulated animals have contributed greatly to the advancement of ND research, but many of them differ considerably from the human phenotype. Cellular in vitro models are also valuable, but the availability of human neuronal cells is limited and their lifespan in culture is short. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, comprise a powerful tool for studying developmentally regulated diseases, including NDs. We reviewed all recent studies in which hPSCs were used as in vitro models for diseases and syndromes characterized by impairment of neurogenesis or synaptogenesis leading to intellectual disability and delayed neurodevelopment. We analyzed their methodology and results, focusing on the data obtained following in vitro neural differentiation and gene expression and profiling of the derived neurons. Electrophysiological recording of action potentials, synaptic currents and response to neurotransmitters is pivotal for validation of the neuronal fate as well as for assessing phenotypic dysfunctions linked to the disease in question. We therefore focused on the studies which included electrophysiological recordings on the in vitro-derived neurons. Finally, we addressed specific issues that are critical for the advancement of this area of research, specifically in providing a reliable human pre-clinical research model and drug screening platform. C1 [Telias, Michael; Ben-Yosef, Dalit] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med,Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Racine IVF Unit,Lis Matern Hosp, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Ben-Yosef, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med,Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Racine IVF Unit,Lis Matern Hosp, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM dalitb@tlvmc.gov.il FU NNE-Teva scholarship; Tel-Aviv Medical Center FX We thank Prof. Menahem Segal from the Department of Neurobiology at Weizmann Institute of Science, and Dr. Mira Malcov and Dr. Yael Kalma from the Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab at Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, for critical reading of the manuscript. Esther Eshkol is thanked for editorial assistance. This study was supported by NNE-Teva scholarship (M. Telias) and Tel-Aviv Medical Center (D. Ben-Yosef). 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Rep. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 494 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s12015-014-9507-2 PG 18 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AN3SZ UT WOS:000340510300005 PM 24728983 ER PT J AU Balestrieri, E Pitzianti, M Matteucci, C D'Agati, E Sorrentino, R Baratta, A Caterina, R Zenobi, R Curatolo, P Garaci, E Sinibaldi-Vallebona, P Pasini, A AF Balestrieri, Emanuela Pitzianti, Mariabernarda Matteucci, Claudia D'Agati, Elisa Sorrentino, Roberta Baratta, Antonia Caterina, Rosa Zenobi, Rossella Curatolo, Paolo Garaci, Enrico Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Paola Pasini, Augusto TI Human endogenous retroviruses and ADHD SO WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Human endogenous retrovirus; HERV-H; ADHD; neurodevelopmental diseases; peripheral blood mononuclear cells ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RISK-FACTORS; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; GENE; DISCORDANCE; COMORBIDITY; SYMPTOMS AB Objectives. Several lines of evidences suggest that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are implicated in the development of many complex diseases with a multifactorial aetiology and a strong heritability, such as neurological and psychiatric diseases. Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from a complex interaction of environmental, biological and genetic factors. Our aim was to analyse the expression levels of three HERV families (HERV-H, K and W) in patients with ADHD. Methods. The expression of retroviral mRNAs from the three HERV families was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 patients with ADHD and 30 healthy controls by quantitative RT-PCR. Results. The expression levels of HERV-H are significantly higher in patients with ADHD compared to healthy controls, while there are no differences in the expression levels of HERV-K and W. Conclusions. Since the ADHD aetiology is due to a complex interaction of environmental, biological and genetic factors, HERVs may represent one link among these factors and clinical phenotype of ADHD. A future confirmation of HERV-H overexpression in a larger number of ADHD patients will make possible to identify it as a new parameter for this clinical condition, also contributing to deepen the study on the role of HERVs in the neurodevelopment diseases. C1 [Balestrieri, Emanuela; Matteucci, Claudia; Sorrentino, Roberta; Zenobi, Rossella; Garaci, Enrico; Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Paola] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Surg, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Pitzianti, Mariabernarda; D'Agati, Elisa; Baratta, Antonia; Caterina, Rosa; Curatolo, Paolo; Pasini, Augusto] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Unit Child Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neurosci, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Pasini, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Unit Child Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neurosci, Viale Oxford 81, I-00133 Rome, Italy. 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Biol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.3109/15622975.2013.862345 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AN3GM UT WOS:000340473900009 PM 24286278 ER PT J AU von Morgenstern, SB Becker, I Sinzig, J AF von Morgenstern, Sophie Beyer Becker, Ingrid Sinzig, Judith TI Improvement of facial affect recognition in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder under methylphenidate SO ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA LA English DT Article DE ADHD; affect recognition; facial affect recognition; methylphenidate ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS; ENDOPHENOTYPE CONCEPT; ADHD; DOPAMINE; AUTISM; MIND; GENE; PREVALENCE AB Introduction and Hypothesis: Some authors draw a connection between the dopaminergic pathways and emotional perception. The present study is based on that association and addresses the question whether methylphenidate and the resulting amelioration of the disturbed dopamine metabolism lead to an improvement of the facial affect recognition abilities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A computer test was conducted on 21 participants, aged 7-14 years and with a diagnosis of ADHD - some with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder - conducted the FEFA (Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect), a computer test to examine their facial affect recognition abilities. It consists of two subtests, one with faces and one with eye pairs. All participants were tested in a double-blind cross-over study, once under placebo and once under methylphenidate. Results and Discussion: The collected data showed that methylphenidate leads to amelioration of facial affect recognition abilities, but not on a significant level. Reasons for missing significance may be the small sample size or the fact that there exists some overlapping in cerebral connections and metabolic pathways of the site of action of methylphenidate and the affected dopaminergic areas in ADHD. However, consistent with the endophenotype concept, certain gene locations of the dopaminergic metabolism as both an aetiological factor for ADHD and the deficient facial affect recognition abilities with these individuals were considered. Consulting current literature they were found to be not concordant. Therefore, we conclude that the lacking significance of the methylphenidate affect on facial affect recognition is based on this fact. C1 [von Morgenstern, Sophie Beyer] Childrens Hosp Dritter Orden, Dept Paediat Surg, Munich, Germany. [Becker, Ingrid] Univ Cologne, Inst Med Stat Informat & Epidemiol, Munich, Germany. [Sinzig, Judith] LVR Hosp Bonn, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bonn, Germany. RP von Morgenstern, SB (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany. 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Fetal ventriculomegaly is the most common central nervous system (CNS) abnormality affecting 1% of fetuses and is associated with cognitive, language, and behavioral impairments in childhood. Neurodevelopmental outcome is partially predictable by the 2-dimensional size of the ventricles in the absence of other abnormalities. We hypothesized that isolated fetal ventriculomegaly is a marker of altered brain development characterized by relative overgrowth and aimed to quantify brain growth using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly. Fetal brain MRI (1.5 T) was performed in 60 normal fetuses and 65 with isolated ventriculomegaly, across a gestational age range of 22-38 weeks. Volumetric analysis of the ventricles and supratentorial brain structures was performed on 3-dimensional reconstructed datasets. Fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly had increased brain parenchyma volumes when compared with the control cohort (9.6%, P < 0.0001) with enlargement restricted to the cortical gray matter (17.2%, P = 0.002). The extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid and third and fourth ventricles were also enlarged. White matter, basal ganglia, and thalamic volumes were not significantly different between cohorts. The presence of relative cortical overgrowth in fetuses with ventriculomegaly may represent the neurobiological substrate for cognitive, language, and behavioral deficits in these children. C1 [Kyriakopoulou, Vanessa; Allsop, Joanna; Hajnal, Joseph; Rutherford, Mary] Kings Coll London, St Thomas Hosp, Ctr Developing Brain Perinatal Imaging & Hlth, London SE1 7EH, England. [Kyriakopoulou, Vanessa; Vatansever, Deniz; Elkommos, Samia; Dawson, Sarah; McGuinness, Amy; Allsop, Joanna; Hajnal, Joseph; Rutherford, Mary] Kings Coll London, Hammersmith Hosp, Ctr Developing Brain, London SE1 7EH, England. [Molnar, Zoltan] Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford, England. RP Rutherford, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, St Thomas Hosp, Ctr Developing Brain Perinatal Imaging & Hlth, 1st Floor South Wing, London SE1 7EH, England. EM mary.rutherford@kcl.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council (UK); Biomedical Research Centre FX This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (UK) and the Biomedical Research Centre. 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Cortex PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2141 EP 2150 DI 10.1093/cercor/bht062 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM7SL UT WOS:000340068500015 PM 23508710 ER PT J AU Spotorno, N Noveck, IA AF Spotorno, Nicola Noveck, Ira A. TI When Is Irony Effortful? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE attitude ascription; language processing; mindreading ID SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; AUTISM; MIND; METAANALYSIS; COGNITION; CONTEXT; SAMPLE; BRAIN; SAID AB Whereas some studies indicate that ironic- as opposed to literal - readings of utterances take longer to process, others indicate that the 2 are processed at comparable speeds. We propose that mindreading processes are at least partly responsible for the mixed results, as we present 3 experiments that include stories having a target utterance with either an Ironic or Literal reading. Experiment 1 replicates earlier findings (Spotorno, Koun, Prado, Van Der Henst, & Noveck, 2012) showing that ironic readings take longer than literal ones when fillers include decoys, stories that call for an ironic remark but present a banal utterance instead and thus diffuse participants' expectations for irony. Starting with Experiment 2, decoys are removed, leading to effects that are arguably revealing of Theory of Mind processes. One is an Early-Late effect, which occurs when ironic utterances are read as readily as literal ones in the 2nd half of an experimental session, creating "mixed" results in the laboratory. In Experiment 3, we further added antecedents before a critical event so that, later, the target utterance would be echoing an explicitly stated thought and would facilitate irony comprehension (Gibbs, 1986; Sperber & Wilson, 1981). Results reveal an Early-Late effect here, too. Further evidence of Theory of Mind activity follows from analyses of participants' Social Skill subscale scores in the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, & Clubley, 2001). Socially inclined participants are more likely than the socially disinclined to use a story's negative event to portend the arrival of an irony; in contrast, socially disinclined participants appear more reactive than the socially inclined to explicit antecedents. C1 [Spotorno, Nicola; Noveck, Ira A.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, L2C2, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Noveck, Ira A.] CRFJ, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Spotorno, N (reprint author), Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Penn Frontotemporal Degenerat Ctr, 3 West Gates,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Exp. Psychol.-Gen. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1649 EP 1665 DI 10.1037/a0036630 PG 17 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AN0TF UT WOS:000340296200017 PM 24773194 ER PT J AU Green, S Caplan, B Baker, B AF Green, S. Caplan, B. Baker, B. TI Maternal supportive and interfering control as predictors of adaptive and social development in children with and without developmental delays SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE control; developmental disabilities; interference; parenting ID BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PARENTING STRESS; COMPETENCE; DIRECTIVENESS; LANGUAGE; INFANTS; MOTHERS; AUTISM AB Background Parents of children with developmental delays (DD) have been found to use more controlling behaviour with their children than parents of children with typical development (TD). While controlling behaviour is related to poorer developmental outcomes in TD children, there is little research on how it predicts outcomes in DD children. Furthermore, existing research tends to use inconsistent or non-specific definitions of controlling behaviour, often combining parent control which follows the child's goal (e. g. supportive direction) and that which interferes with the child's goal (e. g. interference). Methods Participants were 200 mother-child dyads observed at child age 3, with follow-up assessments of adaptive behaviour and social skills administered at child ages 5 and 6, respectively. We coded the frequency of both types of controlling behaviour based on mothers' interactions with their children with TD (n = 113) or DD (n = 87) at age 3. Results Mothers in the DD group used more interfering but not more supportive directive acts compared to mothers in the TD group. Adaptive behaviour was assessed at child age 5 and social skills were assessed at age 6. Higher frequency of supportive directive acts predicted better adaptive functioning for the TD group and better social skills for the DD group. Higher frequency of interfering acts predicted lower adaptive and social skills for children with DD but not with TD. Conclusions Results are discussed in terms of the differential developmental needs of children with and without DD as well as implications for early intervention. C1 [Green, S.; Caplan, B.; Baker, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. RP Green, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. EM shulamite@ucla.edu CR Achenbach T. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 58 IS 8 BP 691 EP 703 DI 10.1111/jir.12064 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM7ZI UT WOS:000340087100001 PM 23865770 ER PT J AU Janes, E Riby, DM Rodgers, J AF Janes, E. Riby, D. M. Rodgers, J. TI Exploring the prevalence and phenomenology of repetitive behaviours and abnormal sensory processing in children with Williams Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE repetitive and restricted behaviours; sensory processing abnormalities; Williams Syndrome ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HYPERACUSIS; INTERVIEW; PHENOTYPE; ANXIETY; ADULTS; FEARS AB Background A small amount of research with individuals who have Williams Syndrome (WS) suggests that children with the condition may be vulnerable to sensory processing abnormalities and present with repetitive and restricted behaviours. Methods Parents of 21 children with WS aged 6-15 years completed a semi-structured interview designed to elicit the form, frequency, impact and developmental course of a range of sensory processing abnormalities and repetitive behaviours. Results Findings indicate that sensory processing difficulties are predominantly characterised by hypersensitivities, particularly in relation to vestibular, auditory, gustatory and proprioceptive functioning. Parents also reported the presence of a range of restricted and repetitive behaviours, which were often associated with their child's sensory symptoms. Conclusions This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of sensory functioning and repetitive behaviours in WS. It also highlights the need for a multidisciplinary assessment of the difficulties experienced by children with the disorder. C1 [Janes, E.; Rodgers, J.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Riby, D. M.] Univ Durham, Sch Psychol, Durham, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ridley Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 58 IS 8 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1111/jir.12086 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM7ZI UT WOS:000340087100005 PM 23962322 ER PT J AU Jamal, W Das, S Oprescu, IA Maharatna, K Apicella, F Sicca, F AF Jamal, Wasifa Das, Saptarshi Oprescu, Ioana-Anastasia Maharatna, Koushik Apicella, Fabio Sicca, Federico TI Classification of autism spectrum disorder using supervised learning of brain connectivity measures extracted from synchrostates SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder (ASD); brain connectivity; complex network; classification; synchrostate ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; EEG; SYNCHRONIZATION; CORTEX AB Objective. The paper investigates the presence of autism using the functional brain connectivity measures derived from electro-encephalogram (EEG) of children during face perception tasks. Approach. Phase synchronized patterns from 128-channel EEG signals are obtained for typical children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The phase synchronized states or synchrostates temporally switch amongst themselves as an underlying process for the completion of a particular cognitive task. We used 12 subjects in each group (ASD and typical) for analyzing their EEG while processing fearful, happy and neutral faces. The minimal and maximally occurring synchrostates for each subject are chosen for extraction of brain connectivity features, which are used for classification between these two groups of subjects. Among different supervised learning techniques, we here explored the discriminant analysis and support vector machine both with polynomial kernels for the classification task. Main results. The leave one out cross-validation of the classification algorithm gives 94.7% accuracy as the best performance with corresponding sensitivity and specificity values as 85.7% and 100% respectively. Significance. The proposed method gives high classification accuracies and outperforms other contemporary research results. The effectiveness of the proposed method for classification of autistic and typical children suggests the possibility of using it on a larger population to validate it for clinical practice. C1 [Jamal, Wasifa; Das, Saptarshi; Oprescu, Ioana-Anastasia; Maharatna, Koushik] Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Apicella, Fabio; Sicca, Federico] IRCCS Stella Maris Fdn, Pisa, Calambrone, Italy. RP Jamal, W (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM wj4g08@ecs.soton.ac.uk; sd2a11@ecs.soton.ac.uk; io1g10@ecs.soton.ac.uk; km3@ecs.soton.ac.uk; fabio.apicella@fsm.unipi.it; fsicca@fsm.unipi.it FU EU - MICHELANGELO project [288241] FX The work presented in this paper was supported by FP7 EU funded MICHELANGELO project, Grant Agreement #288241. URL: www.michelangelo-project.eu/. We are grateful to Professor Filippo Muratori for his valuable suggestions on this paper. 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Neural Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 AR 046019 DI 10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046019 PG 19 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM7KS UT WOS:000340046500019 PM 24981017 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, KA Fletcher, K Corrow, S das Nair, R Barton, JJS Yonas, A Duchaine, B AF Dalrymple, Kirsten A. Fletcher, Kimberley Corrow, Sherryse das Nair, Roshan Barton, Jason J. S. Yonas, Albert Duchaine, Brad TI "A room full of strangers every day": The psychosocial impact of developmental prosopagnosia on children and their families SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Children; Developmental prosopagnosia; Face recognition; Psychosocial; Social development; Thematic analysis ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM QUOTIENT; CONGENITAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; FACE RECOGNITION; VERSION AB Objective: Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia ('face blindness') have severe face recognition difficulties due to a failure to develop the necessary visual mechanisms for recognizing faces. These difficulties occur in the absence of brain damage and despite normal low-level vision and intellect. Adults with developmental prosopagnosia report serious personal and emotional consequences from their inability to recognize faces, but little is known about the psychosocial consequences in childhood. Given the importance of face recognition in daily life, and the potential for unique social consequences of impaired face recognition in childhood, we sought to evaluate the impact of developmental prosopagnosia on children and their families. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 8 children with developmental prosopagnosia and their parents. A battery of face recognition tests was used to confirm the face recognition impairment reported by the parents of each child. We used thematic analysis to develop common themes among the psychosocial experiences of the children and their parents. Results: Three themes were developed from the child reports: 1) awareness of their difficulties, 2) coping strategies, such as using non-facial cues to identify others, and 3) social implications, such as discomfort in, and avoidance of, social situations. These themes were paralleled by the parent reports and highlight the unique social and practical challenges associated with childhood developmental prosopagnosia. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a need for increased awareness and treatment of developmental prosopagnosia to help these children manage their face recognition difficulties and to promote their social and emotional wellbeing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dalrymple, Kirsten A.; Duchaine, Brad] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Dalrymple, Kirsten A.] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England. [Fletcher, Kimberley; Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Neurol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Fletcher, Kimberley; Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Fletcher, Kimberley; Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Corrow, Sherryse; Yonas, Albert] Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [das Nair, Roshan] Univ Nottingham, Div Rehabil & Ageing, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Dalrymple, KA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, 51 East River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kad@umn.edu RI Barton, Jason/A-6362-2012 FU Economic and Social Research Council (UK) [RES-062-23-2426]; CIHR operating grant [MOP-102567]; Eva O. Miller Fellowship; Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship through the graduate school of the University of Minnesota; Canada Research Chair grant [950-228984]; Marianne Koerner Chair in Brain Diseases FX KAD and BD were supported by an Economic and Social Research Council (UK) grant (RES-062-23-2426) to BD. KF was supported through a CIHR operating grant (MOP-102567) to JJSB. SC was supported by the Eva O. Miller Fellowship and the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship through the graduate school of the University of Minnesota. JJSB was supported by a Canada Research Chair grant (950-228984) and the Marianne Koerner Chair in Brain Diseases. We would like to thank all the children and families for their candid responses to our interview questions and for inviting us into their homes for lengthy assessments. 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Psychosomat. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 77 IS 2 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.06.001 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM6YQ UT WOS:000340012300010 PM 25077856 ER PT J AU Larsen, CA Howard, MT AF Larsen, C. Aaron Howard, Michael T. TI Conserved regions of the DMD 3 ' UTR regulate translation and mRNA abundance in cultured myotubes SO NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE DMD; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; 3' UTR; 5' UTR; Translational control ID DUCHENNE MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; AUG INITIATOR CODON; SKELETAL-MUSCLES; UNTRANSLATED REGION; MDX MICE; GLYCOPROTEIN COMPLEX; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NONCODING RNAS AB Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe muscle-wasting disease, is caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which encodes for the protein dystrophin. Its regulation is of therapeutic interest as even small changes in expression of functional dystrophin can significantly impact the severity of DMD. While tissue-specific distribution and transcriptional regulation of several DMD mRNA isoforms has been well characterized, the post-transcriptional regulation of dystrophin synthesis is not well understood. Here, we utilize qRTPCR and a quantitative dual-luciferase reporter assay to examine the effects of isoform specific DMD 5' UTRs and the highly conserved DMD 3' UTR on mRNA abundance and translational control of gene expression in C2C12 cells. The 5' UTRs were shown to initiate translation with low efficiency in both myoblasts and myotubes. Whereas, two large highly conserved elements in the 3' UTR, which overlap the previously described Lemaire A and D regions, increase mRNA levels and enhance translation upon differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. The results presented here implicate an important role for DMD UTRs in dystrophin expression and delineate the cis-acting elements required for the myotube-specific regulation of steady-state mRNA levels and translational enhancer activity found in the DMD 3' UTR. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larsen, C. Aaron; Howard, Michael T.] Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Howard, MT (reprint author), Eccles Inst Human Genet, Room 7110,15 N 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM mhoward@genetics.utah.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NS083884] FX We thank Chris Anderson and Norma Wills for technical assistance, and Drs. Kevin Flanigan (Ohio State University) and Robert Weiss (University of Utah) for comments and suggestions on this work. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health NS083884 to MTH. 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Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 8 BP 693 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.05.006 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN1BH UT WOS:000340317200007 PM 24928536 ER PT J AU Tansey, KE Rucker, JJH Kavanagh, DH Guipponi, M Perroud, N Bondolfi, G Domenici, E Evans, DM Hausers, J Henigsberg, N Jerman, B Maier, W Mors, O O'Donovan, M Peters, TJ Placentino, A Rietschel, M Souery, D Aitchison, KJ Craig, I Farmer, A Wendland, JR Malafosse, A Lewis, G Kapur, S McGuffin, P Uher, R AF Tansey, K. E. Rucker, J. J. H. Kavanagh, D. H. Guipponi, M. Perroud, N. Bondolfi, G. Domenici, E. Evans, D. M. Hausers, J. Henigsberg, N. Jerman, B. Maier, W. Mors, O. O'Donovan, M. Peters, T. J. Placentino, A. Rietschel, M. Souery, D. Aitchison, K. J. Craig, I. Farmer, A. Wendland, J. R. Malafosse, A. Lewis, G. Kapur, S. McGuffin, P. Uher, R. TI Copy number variants and therapeutic response to antidepressant medication in major depressive disorder SO PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antidepressant; copy number variants; major depressive disorder; psychiatry; treatment response; 15q13.3 ID HIDDEN-MARKOV MODEL; SNP GENOTYPING DATA; DE-NOVO CNVS; BIPOLAR-DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; DUPLICATIONS; ASSOCIATION; DELETIONS AB It would be beneficial to find genetic predictors of antidepressant response to help personalise treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including MDD, but their role in antidepressant response has yet to be investigated. CNV data were available for 1565 individuals with MDD from the NEWMEDS (Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia) consortium with prospective data on treatment outcome with either a serotonergic or noradrenergic antidepressant. No association was seen between the presence of CNV (rare or common), the overall number of CNVs or genomic CNV 'burden' and antidepressant response. Specific CNVs were nominally associated with antidepressant response, including 15q13.3 duplications and exonic NRXN1 deletions. These were associated with poor response to antidepressants. Overall burden of CNVs is unlikely to contribute to personalising antidepressant treatment. Specific CNVs associated with antidepressant treatment require replication and further study to confirm their role in the therapeutic action of antidepressant. C1 [Tansey, K. E.; Rucker, J. J. H.; Aitchison, K. J.; Craig, I.; Farmer, A.; Kapur, S.; McGuffin, P.; Uher, R.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Kavanagh, D. H.; O'Donovan, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychol Med & Neurol, MRC,Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Guipponi, M.; Malafosse, A.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Genet Med & Labs, Geneva, Switzerland. [Perroud, N.; Bondolfi, G.; Malafosse, A.] Univ Geneva, Dept Psychiat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Perroud, N.; Bondolfi, G.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Mental Hlth & Psychiat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Domenici, E.] F Hoffmann La Roche & Co Ltd, Pharma Res & Early Dev, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Evans, D. M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, MRC CAiTE Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England. [Hausers, J.] Poznan Univ Med Sci, Lab Psychiat Genet, Poznan, Poland. [Henigsberg, N.] Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Croatian Inst Brain Res, Zagreb 41001, Croatia. [Jerman, B.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Mol & Biomed Sci, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Jerman, B.] Inst Publ Hlth Republ Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Maier, W.] Univ Bonn, Dept Psychiat, Bonn, Germany. [Mors, O.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Res Dept P, Risskov, Denmark. [Peters, T. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Clin Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Placentino, A.] Spedali Civili Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Psychiat Unit 23, Brescia, Italy. [Placentino, A.] Ctr San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Biol Psychiat Unit, Brescia, Italy. [Rietschel, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Genet Epidemiol Psychiat, Heidelberg, Germany. [Souery, D.] Univ Libre Brussels, Erasme Acad Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Brussels, Belgium. [Aitchison, K. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Psychiat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Wendland, J. R.] Pfizer, Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lewis, G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England. [Uher, R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Psychiat, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Tansey, KE (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, P080,16 De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM katherine.tansey@kcl.ac.uk RI Tansey, Katherine/B-1033-2013; Aitchison, Katherine/G-4476-2013; Lewis, Glyn/E-9944-2012 OI Tansey, Katherine/0000-0002-9663-3376; Aitchison, Katherine/0000-0002-1107-3024; Lewis, Glyn/0000-0001-5205-8245 FU Wellcome Trust [086635]; Innovative Medicine Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI-JU) [115008]; European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA); European Union; European Commission, EC [LSHB-CT-2003-503428]; UK National Institute for Health Research of the Department of Health; UK Medical Research Council (MRC, UK); GlaxoSmithKline [G0701420]; Medical Research Council (MRC, UK); Mental Health Research Network; Canada Research Chair program; Wyeth-Lederle; Bristol-Myers-Squibb; Sanofi Aventis FX The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The research leading to these results has received support from the Innovative Medicine Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI-JU) under Grant agreement no. 115008 of which resources are composed of European Union and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) in-kind contribution and financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). EFPIA members Pfizer, Glaxo Smith Kline and F. Hoffmann La-Roche have contributed work and samples to the project presented here. GENDEP was funded by the European Commission Framework 6 grant, EC Contract Ref.: LSHB-CT-2003-503428. Lundbeck provided nortriptyline and escitalopram for the GENDEP study. GlaxoSmithKline and the UK National Institute for Health Research of the Department of Health contributed to the funding of the sample collection at the Institute of Psychiatry, London. GENDEP genotyping was funded by a joint grant from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC, UK) and GlaxoSmithKline (G0701420). GenPod was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC, UK) and supported by the Mental Health Research Network. GODS study was partly supported by external funding provided by the Swiss branches of the following pharmaceutical companies: GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth-Lederle, Bristol-Myers-Squibb and Sanofi Aventis. RU is supported by the Canada Research Chair program (http://www.chairs-chaires.gc.ca/). JR was supported by a fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (086635). 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1038/tpj.2013.51 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AM9QL UT WOS:000340216000014 PM 24445990 ER PT J AU Baecker, T Mangus, K Pfaender, S Chhabra, R Boeckers, TM Grabrucker, AM AF Baecker, Tanja Mangus, Katharina Pfaender, Stefanie Chhabra, Resham Boeckers, Tobias M. Grabrucker, Andreas M. TI Loss of COMMD1 and copper overload disrupt zinc homeostasis and influence an autism-associated pathway at glutamatergic synapses SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE ProSAP; ASD; Shank3; Shank2; COMMD1; Zn2+; Synapse; PSD; Cu2+ ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; MUTUAL ANTAGONISM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; DE-NOVO; SHANK3; METALLOTHIONEIN; MUTATIONS; GENE AB Recent studies suggest that synaptic pathology in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be caused by the disruption of a signaling pathway at excitatory glutamatergic synapses, which can be influenced by environmental factors. Some factors, such as prenatal zinc deficiency, dysfunction of metallothioneins as well as deletion of COMMD1, all affect brain metal-ion homeostasis and have been associated with ASD. Given that COMMD1 regulates copper levels and that copper and zinc have antagonistic properties, here, we followed the idea that copper overload might induce a local zinc deficiency affecting key players of a putative ASD pathway such as ProSAP/Shank proteins as reported before. Our results show that increased copper levels indeed interfere with intracellular zinc concentrations and affect synaptic ProSAP/Shank levels, which similarly are altered by manipulation of copper and zinc levels through overexpression and knockdown of COMMD1. In line with this, acute and prenatal copper overload lead to local zinc deficiencies in mice. Pups exposed to prenatal copper overload furthermore show a reduction in ProSAP/Shank protein levels in the brain as well as a decreased NMDAR subunit 1 concentration. Thus, it might be likely that brain metal ion status influences a distinct pathway in excitatory synapses associated with genetic forms of ASD. C1 [Baecker, Tanja; Mangus, Katharina; Chhabra, Resham; Grabrucker, Andreas M.] Univ Ulm, Dept Neurol, WG Mol Anal Synaptopathies, Neuroctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Pfaender, Stefanie; Boeckers, Tobias M.; Grabrucker, Andreas M.] Univ Ulm, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. RP Grabrucker, AM (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Neurol, WG Mol Anal Synaptopathies, Neuroctr, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. EM andreas.grabrucker@uni-ulm.de FU Baustein 3.2 [L.SBN.0083]; DAAD FX AMG is supported by Baustein 3.2 (L.SBN.0083) and the DAAD. SP and RC are members of the international graduate school in molecular medicine of Ulm University. 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Given their high global incidence, these two insults may occur simultaneously during pregnancy. We recently described a rat model which pairs dietary ID during pregnancy and prenatal immune activation. Pregnant rats were placed on iron sufficient (IS) or ID diets from embryonic day 2 (E2) until postnatal day 7, and administered the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline on E15/16. In this model, LPS administration on E15 caused greater induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in ID dams compared to IS dams. This suggested that the combination of prenatal immune activation on a background of maternal ID might have more adverse neurodevelopmental consequences for the offspring than exposure to either insult alone. In this study we used this model to determine whether combined exposure to maternal ID and prenatal immune activation interact to affect juvenile and adult behaviors in the offspring. We assessed behaviors relevant to deficits in humans or animals that have been associated with exposure to either maternal ID or prenatal immune activation alone. Adult offspring from ID dams displayed significant deficits in pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle and in passive avoidance learning, together with increases in cytochrome oxidase immunohistochemistry, a marker of metabolic activity, in the ventral hippocampus immediately after passive avoidance testing. Offspring from LPS treated dams showed a significant increase in social behavior with unfamiliar rats, and subtle locomotor changes during exploration in an open field and in response to amphetamine. Surprisingly, there was no interaction between effects of the two insults on the behaviors assessed, and few observed alterations in juvenile behavior. Our findings show that long-term effects of maternal ID and prenatal LPS were additive, such that offspring exposed to both insults displayed more adult behavioral abnormalities than offspring exposed to one alone. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harvey, Louise; Boksa, Patricia] McGill Univ, Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Dept Psychiat, Verdun, PQ H4H IR3, Canada. RP Boksa, P (reprint author), McGill Univ, Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Dept Psychiat, 6875 Salle Blvd, Verdun, PQ H4H IR3, Canada. EM patricia.boksa@mcgill.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research FX We would like to thank Ying Zhang for technical assistance with the cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and Dominique Nouel for technical assistance with brain collection. This work was supported financially by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 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Immun. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 40 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.005 PG 11 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL9JW UT WOS:000339458400004 PM 24930842 ER PT J AU Giovanoli, S Weber, L Meyer, U AF Giovanoli, Sandra Weber, Liz Meyer, Urs TI Single and combined effects of prenatal immune activation and peripubertal stress on parvalbumin and reelin expression in the hippocampal formation SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Animal model; Autism; Cytokines; GABA; Infection; Inflammation; Stress; Schizophrenia ID BIPOLAR DISORDER; ANIMAL-MODEL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; DYSREGULATION; INTERNEURONS; PREGNANCY; MICE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; INFLAMMATION AB Exposure to prenatal infection and traumatizing experiences in peripubertal life are two environmental risk factors for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Modeling the cumulative neuronal impact of these factors in a translational animal model has led to the recent identification of pathological interactions between these environmental adversities in the development of adult brain dysfunctions. The present study explored the consequences of combined prenatal immune challenge and peripubertal stress on discrete cellular abnormalities in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system of the hippocampus. Pregnant mice were treated with the viral mimetic poly(I:C) (=polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic add) or control solution, and offspring born to poly(I:C)-exposed or control mothers were then left undisturbed or subjected to unpredictable sub-chronic stress during peripubertal development. Stereological estimations of parvalbumin-expressing cells revealed a significant reduction of these GABAergic interneurons in the ventral dentate gyrus of adult offspring exposed to combined immune activation and stress. Single exposure to either environmental factor was insufficient to cause similar neuropathology. We further found that peripubertal stress exerted opposite effects on reelin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal cornu ammonis (CA) region of the hippocampus, with stress increasing and decreasing reelin expression in control offspring and prenatally immune challenged animals, respectively. The present data suggest that the combination of two environmental risk factors, which have each been implicated in the etiology of major neuropsychiatric disease, induces significant but restricted neuropathological effects on hippocampal GABAergic cell populations known to be affected in brain disorders with neurodevelopmental components. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Giovanoli, Sandra; Weber, Liz; Meyer, Urs] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Physiol & Behav Lab, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. 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The aim of this study was to examine maternal traits related to Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and their possible association with child mistreatment. Maternal PDD and ADHD were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire (N = 846) during mid-pregnancy using the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The mothers completed another questionnaire on child mistreatment when the offspring was approximately 18 months of age. The associations between maternal PDD and ADHD traits and child mistreatment score were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for covariates. Mothers who exhibited stronger PDD traits showed significantly higher child mistreatment score, even after adjustment for maternal characteristics at baseline and ADHD traits. At the same time, ADHD traits were significantly associated with child mistreatment after adjustment of covariates, although the association became non-significant after adjustment of PDD traits. Mothers who showed PDD and ADHD traits during pregnancy were more likely to mistreat their children. It is essential to educate mothers with such traits with appropriate, easy-to-follow childcare instructions, preferably in simple language combined with pictorial aids. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujiwara, Takeo] Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kasahara, Mari] Komagino Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. [Tsujii, Hiromi; Okuyama, Makiko] Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Psychosocial Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Fujiwara, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1283 EP 1289 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.04.007 PG 7 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA AM4YV UT WOS:000339863000001 PM 24813254 ER PT J AU Yau, VM Green, PG Alaimo, CP Yoshida, CK LUtsky, M Windham, GC Delorenze, G Kharrazi, M Grether, JK Croen, LA AF Yau, Vincent M. Green, Peter G. Alaimo, Christopher P. Yoshida, Cathleen K. LUtsky, Marta Windham, Gayle C. Delorenze, Gerald Kharrazi, Martin Grether, Judith K. Croen, Lisa A. TI Prenatal and neonatal peripheral blood mercury levels and autism spectrum disorders SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Mercury; Pregnancy; Developmental delay; Intellectual disability ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FISH CONSUMPTION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; URINARY PORPHYRINS; INORGANIC MERCURY; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT AB Background: Prenatal and early-life exposures to mercury have been hypothesized to be associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Objectives: This study investigated the association between ASDs and levels of total mercury measured in maternal serum from mid-pregnancy and infant blood shortly after birth. Methods: The study sample was drawn from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) Study. Three groups of children who were born in Orange County, CA in 2000-2001 were identified: children with ASD (n=84), children with intellectual disability or developmental delay (DD) (n=49), and general population controls (GP) (n=159). Maternal serum specimens and newborn bloodspots were retrieved from the California Department of Public Health prenatal and newborn screening specimen archives. Blood mercury levels were measured in maternal serum samples using mass spectrometer and in infant bloodspots with a 213 nm laser. Results: Maternal serum and infant blood mercury levels were significantly correlated among all study groups (all correlations > 0.38, p < 0.01). Adjusted logistic regression models showed no significant associations between ASD and log transformed mercury levels in maternal serum samples (ASD vs. GP: OR [95% CI]=0.96 [0.49-1.90]; ASD vs. DD: OR [95% CI]=2.56 [0.89-7.39]). Results for mercury levels in newborn blood samples were similar (ASD vs. GP: OR [95% CI]=1.18 [0.71-1.95]; ASD vs. DD: OR [95% CI]=1.96 [0.75-5.14]). Conclusions: Results indicate that levels of total mercury in serum collected from mothers during mid-pregnancy and from newborn bloodspots were not significantly associated with risk of ASD, though additional studies with greater sample size and covariate measurement are needed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yau, Vincent M.; Yoshida, Cathleen K.; LUtsky, Marta; Delorenze, Gerald; Croen, Lisa A.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Green, Peter G.; Alaimo, Christopher P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Windham, Gayle C.; Grether, Judith K.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. [Kharrazi, Martin] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Genet Dis Screening Program, Richmond, CA USA. RP Croen, LA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Autism Res Program, 2000 Broadway Oakland, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Lisa.A.Croen@kp.org FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01-MH72565]; National Alliance for Autism Research [824/LC/01-201-004-00-00]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program [8RT-0115] FX Funding was provided by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH72565, L. Croen, PI), the National Alliance for Autism Research (824/LC/01-201-004-00-00, L. Croen, PI), and the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (8RT-0115, M. Kharrazi, PI). We thank Ron Torres for DNA amplification; Jack Collins, Roxana Odouli and Tiffany Wong for project coordination; Julie Ruedaflores for record review and abstraction; Meredith Anderson and Daniel Najjar for assistance with data management and analysis; and Steve Graham and Debbie Hildebrandt for record linkage and specimen retrieval. 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Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 133 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.034 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AM2UI UT WOS:000339705900038 PM 24981828 ER PT J AU Suckling, J Henty, J Ecker, C Deoni, SC Lombardo, MV Baron-Cohen, S Jezzard, P Barnes, A Chakrabarti, B Ooi, C Lai, MC Williams, SC Murphy, DGM Bullmore, ET AF Suckling, John Henty, Julian Ecker, Christine Deoni, Sean C. Lombardo, Michael V. Baron-Cohen, Simon Jezzard, Peter Barnes, Anna Chakrabarti, Bhismadev Ooi, Cinly Lai, Meng-Chuan Williams, Steven C. Murphy, Declan G. M. Bullmore, Edward T. CA MRC AIMS Consortium TI Are Power Calculations Useful? A Multicentre Neuroimaging Study SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE power calculations; neuroimaging; multicentre ID STATISTICAL POWER; FUNCTIONAL MRI; BRAIN; AUTISM; REGISTRATION; VARIANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY; BEHAVIOR; ANATOMY; IMAGES AB There are now many reports of imaging experiments with small cohorts of typical participants that precede large-scale, often multicentre studies of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Data from these calibration experiments are sufficient to make estimates of statistical power and predictions of sample size and minimum observable effect sizes. In this technical note, we suggest how previously reported voxel-based power calculations can support decision making in the design, execution and analysis of cross-sectional multicentre imaging studies. The choice of MRI acquisition sequence, distribution of recruitment across acquisition centres, and changes to the registration method applied during data analysis are considered as examples. The consequences of modification are explored in quantitative terms by assessing the impact on sample size for a fixed effect size and detectable effect size for a fixed sample size. The calibration experiment dataset used for illustration was a precursor to the now complete Medical Research Council Autism Imaging Multicentre Study (MRC-AIMS). Validation of the voxel-based power calculations is made by comparing the predicted values from the calibration experiment with those observed in MRC-AIMS. The effect of non-linear mappings during image registration to a standard stereotactic space on the prediction is explored with reference to the amount of local deformation. In summary, power calculations offer a validated, quantitative means of making informed choices on important factors that influence the outcome of studies that consume significant resources. (C) 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Suckling, John; Henty, Julian; Ooi, Cinly; Bullmore, Edward T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England. [Suckling, John; Ooi, Cinly; Bullmore, Edward T.] Univ Cambridge, Behav & Clin Neurosci Inst, Cambridge, England. [Suckling, John; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Bullmore, Edward T.] Cambridge & Peterborough Fdn NHS Trust, Cambridge, England. [Ecker, Christine; Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Sackler Inst Translat Neurodev, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Ecker, Christine; Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Deoni, Sean C.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Lombardo, Michael V.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Lai, Meng-Chuan] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Jezzard, Peter] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, Oxford, England. [Barnes, Anna] Univ Coll London Hosp, Inst Nucl Med, London, England. [Chakrabarti, Bhismadev] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neurodynam, Reading, Berks, England. [Williams, Steven C.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Ctr Neuroimaging Sci, London, England. [Bullmore, Edward T.] Addenbrookes Hosp, GlaxoSmithKline Ltd, Clin Unit Cambridge, Cambridge, England. RP Suckling, J (reprint author), Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Herchel Smith Bldg,Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, England. EM js369@cam.ac.uk RI Williams, Steve/D-6979-2011; Ecker, Christine/E-5194-2010 FU Medical Research Council, United Kingdom [G0400061]; Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Wellcome Trust; Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research FX Contract grant sponsor: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; Contract grant number: G0400061; Contract grant sponsors: Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Wellcome Trust; Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research CR Brown CH, 2009, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V30, P1, DOI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100223 Brown GG, 2011, NEUROIMAGE, V54, P2163, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.076 Costafreda SG, 2007, J MAGN RESON IMAGING, V26, P1122, DOI 10.1002/jmri.21118 Deoni SCL, 2008, NEUROIMAGE, V40, P662, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.052 Deoni SCL, 2007, J MAGN RESON IMAGING, V26, P1106, DOI 10.1002/jmri.21130 Ecker C, 2012, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V69, P195, DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1251 Ecker C, 2013, JAMA PSYCHIAT, V70, P59, DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.265 Gountouna VE, 2010, NEUROIMAGE, V49, P552, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.026 Hoenig JM, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P493 Jenkinson M, 2002, NEUROIMAGE, V17, P825, DOI 10.1006/nimg.2002.1132 Klein A, 2009, NEUROIMAGE, V46, P786, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.037 Lenth RV, 2001, AM STAT, V55, P187, DOI 10.1198/000313001317098149 Lenth RV, 2007, J ANIM SCI, V85, pE24, DOI 10.2527/jas.2006-449 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Magnotta VA, 2006, J DIGIT IMAGING, V19, P140, DOI 10.1007/s10278-006-0264-x Miller F, 2005, BIOMETRICS, V61, P355, DOI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00315.x Pinheiro J. 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Brain Mapp. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 3569 EP 3577 DI 10.1002/hbm.22465 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AL8YV UT WOS:000339426700001 PM 24644267 ER PT J AU Verly, M Verhoeven, J Zink, I Mantini, D Van Oudenhove, L Lagae, L Sunaert, S Rommel, N AF Verly, Marjolein Verhoeven, Judith Zink, Inge Mantini, Dante Van Oudenhove, Lukas Lagae, Lieven Sunaert, Stefan Rommel, Nathalie TI Structural and Functional Underconnectivity as a Negative Predictor for Language in Autism SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; diffusion tensor imaging; language impairment; arcuate fascicle; functional MRI ID CEREBRAL WHITE-MATTER; HUMAN BRAIN; ARCUATE FASCICULUS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; FRONTAL-CORTEX; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; CONNECTIVITY MRI; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; CROSSING FIBERS; IN-VIVO AB The development of language, social interaction, and communicative skills are remarkably different in the child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Atypical brain connectivity has frequently been reported in this patient population. However, the interplay between their brain connectivity and language performance remains largely understudied. Using diffusion tensor imaging tractography and resting-state fMRI, the authors explored the structural and functional connectivity of the language network and its relation to the language profile in a group of healthy control subjects (N = 25) and a group of children with ASD (N = 17). The authors hypothesized that in children with ASD, a neural connectivity deficit of the language network can be related to the observed abnormal language function. They found an absence of the right-hemispheric arcuate fascicle (AF) in 28% (7/25) of the healthy control children and in 59% (10/17) of the children with ASD. In contrast to healthy control children, the absence of the right-hemispheric AF in children with autism was related to a lower language performance as indicated by a lower verbal IQ, lower scores on the Pea-body Picture Vocabulary Test, and lower language scores on the Dutch version of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-4NL). In addition, through iterative fMRI data analyses, the language impairment of children with ASD could be linked to a marked loss of intrahemispheric functional connectivity between inferior frontal and superior temporal regions, known as the cortical language network. Both structural and functional underconnectivity patterns coincide and are related to an abnormal language function in children with ASD. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Verly, Marjolein; Zink, Inge; Rommel, Nathalie] Katholieke Univ Leuven, ExpORL, Dept Neurosci, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Verhoeven, Judith; Lagae, Lieven] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Leuven, Belgium. [Mantini, Dante] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. [Mantini, Dante] ETH, Dept Hlth Sci & Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Mantini, Dante] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Neurosci, Lab Neurophysiol & Psychophysiol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Van Oudenhove, Lukas] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Translat Res Ctr Gastrointestinal Disorders TARGI, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Van Oudenhove, Lukas] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Psychiat Ctr, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Sunaert, Stefan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Leuven, Belgium. RP Verly, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, ExpORL, Dept Neurosci, Herestr 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. EM marjolein.verly@med.kuleuven.be RI Rommel, Nathalie/D-6721-2014 FU Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, FWO, Belgium [G.0354.06]; Research Council of the University of Leuven [IDO/08/013]; IUAP-KUL FX Contract grant sponsor: Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, FWO, Belgium; Contract grant number: G.0354.06; Contract grant sponsor: Research Council of the University of Leuven; Contract grant number: IDO/08/013; Contract grant sponsor: IUAP-KUL. 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Brain Mapp. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 3602 EP 3615 DI 10.1002/hbm.22424 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AL8YV UT WOS:000339426700004 PM 24375710 ER PT J AU Nair, A Keown, CL Datko, M Shih, P Keehn, B Muller, RA AF Nair, Aarti Keown, Christopher L. Datko, Michael Shih, Patricia Keehn, Brandon Mueller, Ralph-Axel TI Impact of Methodological Variables on Functional Connectivity Findings in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE functional connectivity; fMRI; autism; resting state; region of interest; temporal filtering; task regression ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; RESTING HUMAN BRAIN; CORTICAL UNDERCONNECTIVITY; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; VISUAL-CORTEX; GLOBAL SIGNAL; MOTOR TASK; STATE AB Growing evidence suggests that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves abnormalities of multiple functional networks. Neuroimaging studies of ASD have therefore increasingly focused on connectivity. Many functional connectivity (fcMRI) studies have reported network underconnectivity in children and adults with ASD. However, there are notable inconsistencies, with some studies reporting overconnectivity. A previous literature survey suggested that a few methodological factors play a crucial role in differential fcMRI outcomes. Using three ASD data sets (two task-related, one resting state) from 54 ASD and 51 typically developing (TD) participants (ages 9-18 years), we examined the impact of four methodological factors: type of pipeline (co-activation vs. intrinsic analysis, related to temporal filtering and removal of task-related effects), seed selection, field of view (whole brain vs. limited ROIs), and dataset. Significant effects were found for type of pipeline, field of view, and dataset. Notably, for each dataset results ranging from robust underconnectivity to robust overconnectivity were detected, depending on the type of pipeline, with intrinsic fcMRI analyses (low bandpass filter and task regressor) predominantly yielding overconnectivity in ASD, but co-activation analyses (no low bandpass filter or task removal) mostly generating underconnectivity findings. These results suggest that methodological variables have dramatic impact on group differences reported in fcMRI studies. Improved awareness of their implications appears indispensible in fcMRI studies when inferences about "underconnectivity" or "overconnectivity" in ASD are made. In the absence of a gold standard for functional connectivity, the combination of different methodological approaches promises a more comprehensive understanding of connectivity in ASD. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Nair, Aarti; Keown, Christopher L.; Datko, Michael; Shih, Patricia; Keehn, Brandon; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Nair, Aarti; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Nair, Aarti; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Keown, Christopher L.; Datko, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. 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Brain Mapp. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 4035 EP 4048 DI 10.1002/hbm.22456 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AL8YV UT WOS:000339426700035 PM 24452854 ER PT J AU Ben-David, E Shohat, S Shifman, S AF Ben-David, Eyal Shohat, Shahar Shifman, Sagiv TI Allelic expression analysis in the brain suggests a role for heterogeneous insults affecting epigenetic processes in autism spectrum disorders SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; MONOALLELIC EXPRESSION; IMPRINTED GENES; RETT-SYNDROME; MOUSE-BRAIN; PATTERNS; UBE3A; NEUROBIOLOGY; CONNECTIVITY AB Monoallelic expression, including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation and random monoallelic expression of autosomal genes are epigenetic phenomena. Genes that are expressed in a monoallelic way may be more vulnerable to genetic or epigenetic mutations. Thus, comprehensive exploration of monoallelic expression in human brains may shed light on complex brain disorders. Autism-related disorders are known to be associated with imprinted genes on chromosome 15. However, it is not clear whether other imprinted regions or other types of monoallelic expression are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we performed a genome-wide survey of allele expression imbalance (AEI) in the human brain using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in 18 individuals with ASD and 15 controls. Individuals with ASD had the most extreme number of monoallelic expressed SNPs in both the autosomes and the X chromosome. In two cases that were studied in detail, the monoallelic expression was confined to specific brain region or cell type. Using these data, we were also able to define the allelic expression status of known imprinted genes in the human brain and to identify abnormal imprinting in an individual with ASD. Lastly, we developed an analysis of individual-level expression, focusing on the difference of each individual from the mean. We found that individuals with ASD had more genes that were up- or down-regulated in an individual-specific manner. We also identified pathways perturbed in specific individuals. These results underline the heterogeneity in gene regulation in ASD, at the level of both allelic and total expression. C1 [Ben-David, Eyal; Shohat, Shahar; Shifman, Sagiv] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, Inst Life Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Shifman, S (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, Inst Life Sci, Edmond J Safra campus, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM sagiv@vms.huji.ac.il FU National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel; Legacy Heritage Fund program of the Israel Science Foundation [1998/08]; Israel Science Foundation [688/12]; Dennis Weatherstone Pre-doctoral Fellowship from Autism Speaks [8595] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel, the Legacy Heritage Fund program of the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 1998/08), and Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 688/12). E. B. D. is supported by the Dennis Weatherstone Pre-doctoral Fellowship from Autism Speaks (grant no. 8595). 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TI Coping and Psychological Adjustment Among Mothers of Children with ASD: An Accelerated Longitudinal Study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Coping; Stress; Psychological adjustment; Autism spectrum disorders; ASD; Mothers ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MULTILEVEL MODELING APPROACH; PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY; BEHAVIOR RATING FORM; DOUBLE ABCX MODEL; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; STRESS PROLIFERATION AB Utilizing a cohort sequential design and multilevel modeling on a sample of 113 mothers, the effects of four coping strategies (engagement, disengagement, distraction, and cognitive reframing) on multiple measures of maternal adjustment were assessed over a 7 years period when children with autism spectrum disorders in the study were approximately 7-14 years old. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1793 EP 1807 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2079-9 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400001 PM 24599424 ER PT J AU Jensen, CM Steinhausen, HC Lauritsen, MB AF Jensen, Christina Mohr Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph Lauritsen, Marlene Briciet TI Time Trends Over 16 Years in Incidence-Rates of Autism Spectrum Disorders Across the Lifespan Based on Nationwide Danish Register Data SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Autism; Incidence; Time-trend ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OLMSTED COUNTY; BIRTH COHORTS; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; AGE; CALIFORNIA; MINNESOTA AB This study investigated time trends and associated factors of incidence rates of diagnosed autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across the lifespan from 1995 to 2010, using data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Registry. First time diagnosis of childhood autism, atypical autism, Asperger's syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder-unspecified (PDD-NOS) were identified, incidence rates were calculated, and data were fitted using non-linear least squares methods. A total of 14.997 patients were identified and incidence rates for ASD increased from 9.0 to 38.6 per 100,000 person years during the 16-year period. The increases were most pronounced in females, adolescents, adults, and patients with Asperger's syndrome and PDD-NOS. C1 [Jensen, Christina Mohr; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Lauritsen, Marlene Briciet] Aalborg Univ Hosp, Res Unit Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Aalborg Psychiat Hosp, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. [Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph] Univ Basel, Inst Psychol, Basel, Switzerland. [Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph] Univ Zurich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Zurich, Switzerland. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1808 EP 1818 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2053-6 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400002 PM 24554161 ER PT J AU Harper-Hill, K Copland, D Arnott, W AF Harper-Hill, Keely Copland, David Arnott, Wendy TI Efficiency of Lexical Access in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Does Modality Matter? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Children; Language; Semantic priming; Retrospective semantic matching; Attention; Visual support; Autism spectrum disorders ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LARGE SET; ADULTS; DECISION; SPEECH; WORDS; COMPREHENSION; MEMORY AB The provision of visual support to individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is widely recommended. We explored one mechanism underlying the use of visual supports: efficiency of language processing. Two groups of children, one with and one without an ASD, participated. 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TI Downregulation of GABA(A) Receptor Protein Subunits alpha 6, beta 2, delta, epsilon, gamma 2, theta, and rho 2 in Superior Frontal Cortex of Subjects with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; GABA; Brain; GABR alpha 6; Frontal cortex; GABR beta 2 ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RAT-BRAIN; CHROMOSOME 15Q11-Q13; SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION; POSTMORTEM BRAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION AB We measured protein and mRNA levels for nine gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor subunits in three brain regions (cerebellum, superior frontal cortex, and parietal cortex) in subjects with autism versus matched controls. We observed changes in mRNA for a number of GABA(A) and GABA(B) subunits and overall reduced protein expression for GABA(A) receptor alpha 6 (GABR alpha 6), GABA(A) receptor beta 2 (GABR beta 2), GABA(A) receptor delta (GABR delta), GABA(A) receptor epsilon (GABR epsilon), GABA(A) receptor gamma 2 (GABR gamma 2), GABA(A) receptor theta (GABR theta), and GABA(A) receptor rho 2 (GABR rho 2) in superior frontal cortex from subjects with autism. Our data demonstrate systematic changes in GABA(A&B) subunit expression in brains of subjects with autism, which may help explain the presence of cognitive abnormalities in subjects with autism. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.] Univ Minnesota, Div Neurosci Res, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurosci, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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This study investigated pro-social behaviour in students scoring high and low on the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), using a novel scenario task: 'Above and Beyond'. Each scenario involved an opportunity to behave pro-socially, and thus required balancing the needs of a character against participants' own interests. High AQ participants both generated responses and selected courses of action that were less pro-social than those of the low AQ group. For actions of low pro-social value they gave higher self-satisfaction ratings; conversely, they gave lower self-satisfaction ratings for high pro-social actions. The implications for everyday functioning are considered for those with high autistic traits. C1 [Jameel, Leila; Vyas, Karishma; Bellesi, Giulia; Roberts, Victoria; Channon, Shelley] Univ Coll London, Dept Cognit Perceptual & Brain Sci, Bedford WC1E 6BT, England. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1846 EP 1858 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2056-3 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400005 PM 24522968 ER PT J AU Hathorn, C Alateeqi, N Graham, C O'Hare, A AF Hathorn, Claire Alateeqi, Nahed Graham, Catriona O'Hare, Anne TI Impact of Adherence to Best Practice Guidelines on the Diagnostic and Assessment Services for Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Guidelines; Autism spectrum disorder; ASD specific history; Observational instruments; Paediatric medical training ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; PREVALENCE; AGE; POPULATION; QUALITY; UTILITY; RATES AB Despite their range and complexity, adherence to Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guideline for the diagnosis and assessment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was shown to be high within child development and specialist diagnostic clinics serving a geographical cohort of children diagnosed under the age of 7 years. A retrospective analysis of comprehensive clinical notes demonstrated that the recommended discretionary use of structured history instruments was increased after medical training (p = 0.003). 56 % (51/90) of children received the diagnosis of ASD at their initial specialist appointment. 51 % underwent the recommended discretionary structured observational instrument. This further assessment was more likely to be required for older children in the reaudited group (p = 0.001). The implications for service capacity planning when delivering best practice recommendations are discussed. C1 [Hathorn, Claire] Royal Hosp Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Alateeqi, Nahed; O'Hare, Anne] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Clin Sci Child Life & Hlth, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Graham, Catriona] Wellcome Trust Clin Res Facil, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1859 EP 1866 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2057-2 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400006 PM 24573334 ER PT J AU Mavropoulou, S Sideridis, GD AF Mavropoulou, Sophia Sideridis, Georgios D. TI Knowledge of Autism and Attitudes of Children Towards Their Partially Integrated Peers with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Peers; Partial integration; Knowledge; Attitudes; Empathy ID COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS; BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS; SEVERE DISABILITIES; STUDENTS ATTITUDES; GENERAL-EDUCATION; CONTACT THEORY; EMPATHY SCALE; PLACEMENT; PROGRAMS; YOUTH AB This study aimed to measure the effects of contact with integrated students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) on the knowledge, attitudes and empathy of children (n = 224) from grades 4-6. 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E., 1988, ATTITUDES PERSONS DI, P262 NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1885 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2059-0 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400007 PM 24535575 ER PT J AU Lahera, G Boada, L Pousa, E Mirapeix, I Moron-Nozaleda, G Marinas, L Gisbert, L Pamias, M Parellada, M AF Lahera, G. Boada, L. Pousa, E. Mirapeix, I. Moron-Nozaleda, G. Marinas, L. Gisbert, L. Pamias, M. Parellada, M. TI Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC): Spanish Validation SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Social cognition; Theory of mind; Autism; Asperger syndrome; MASC ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; BELIEF TASK-PERFORMANCE; PSYCHIATRY SCIP-S; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REVISED VERSION; NORMAL ADULTS; MIND; CHILDREN AB We present the Spanish validation of the "Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition" instrument (MASC-SP). We recruited 22 adolescents and young adults with Asperger syndrome and 26 participants with typical development. The MASC-SP and three other social cognition instruments (Ekman Pictures of Facial Affect test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and Happ,aEuro (TM) s Strange Stories) were administered to both groups. Individuals with Asperger syndrome had significantly lower scores in all measures of social cognition. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1886 EP 1896 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2061-6 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400008 PM 24522969 ER PT J AU Lanning, BA Baier, MEM Ivey-Hatz, J Krenek, N Tubbs, JD AF Lanning, Beth A. Baier, Margaret E. Matyastik Ivey-Hatz, Julie Krenek, Nancy Tubbs, Jack D. TI Effects of Equine Assisted Activities on Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Equine assisted activities and therapies; Quality of life; Therapeutic horseback riding ID GENERIC CORE SCALES; SOCIAL-SKILLS; CHILDREN; METAANALYSIS; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; INTERVENTIONS; PSYCHOTHERAPY AB Quality of life assessments were used in this study to determine the behavioral changes of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who participated in equine assisted activities. Behavioral changes of children with ASD participating in 9 weeks of equines assisted activities (EAA) (N = 10) were compared to behavioral changes of children who participated in a non-equine intervention (N = 8). Parents noted significant improvements in their child's physical, emotional and social functioning following the first 6 weeks of EAA. The children participating in the non-equine program also demonstrated improvement in behavior, but to a lesser degree. The favorable outcome of this study lends support for continuation of programs utilizing EAA in the treatment of children with ASD. C1 [Lanning, Beth A.] Baylor Univ, Hlth Human Performance & Recreat Dept, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Baier, Margaret E. Matyastik] Baylor Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Ivey-Hatz, Julie] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Krenek, Nancy] ROCK, Georgetown, TX USA. [Tubbs, Jack D.] Baylor Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1897 EP 1907 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2062-5 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400009 PM 24526337 ER PT J AU Zaidman-Zait, A Mirenda, P Duku, E Szatmari, P Georgiades, S Volden, J Zwaigenbaum, L Vaillancourt, T Bryson, S Smith, I Fombonne, E Roberts, W Waddell, C Thompson, A AF Zaidman-Zait, Anat Mirenda, Pat Duku, Eric Szatmari, Peter Georgiades, Stelios Volden, Joanne Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Vaillancourt, Tracy Bryson, Susan Smith, Isabel Fombonne, Eric Roberts, Wendy Waddell, Charlotte Thompson, Ann CA Pathways ASD Study Team TI Examination of Bidirectional Relationships Between Parent Stress and Two Types of Problem Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Parenting stress; Externalizing behavior; Internalizing behavior ID INDEX-SHORT FORM; STONES TRIPLE-P; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; MOTHERS; IMPACT; DISABILITIES AB Path analysis within a structural equation modeling framework was employed to examine the relationships between two types of parent stress and children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors over a 4-year period, in a sample of 184 mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1908 EP 1917 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2064-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400010 PM 24550079 ER PT J AU Kulage, KM Smaldone, AM Cohn, EG AF Kulage, Kristine M. Smaldone, Arlene M. Cohn, Elizabeth G. TI How Will DSM-5 Affect Autism Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE DSM-5; Autism spectrum disorder; PDD-NOS; Diagnosis; Public health policy ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IV-TR; PROPOSED DSM-5; CHILDREN; CRITERIA; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; TODDLERS AB We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5 on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explore policy implications. We identified 418 studies; 14 met inclusion criteria. Studies consistently reported decreases in ASD diagnosis (range 7.3-68.4 %) using DSM-5 criteria. There were statistically significant pooled decreases in ASD [31 % (20-44), p = 0.006] and DSM-IV-TR subgroups of Autistic disorder [22 % (16-29), p < 0.001] and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) [70 % (55-82), p = 0.01]; however, Asperger's disorder pooled decrease was not significant [70 % (26-94), p = 0.38]. DSM-5 will likely decrease the number of individuals diagnosed with ASD, particularly the PDD-NOS subgroup. Research is needed on policies regarding services for individuals lacking diagnosis but requiring assistance. C1 [Kulage, Kristine M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Kulage, Kristine M.] Columbia Univ, Off Scholarship & Res Dev, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Smaldone, Arlene M.; Cohn, Elizabeth G.] Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Kulage, KM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Off Scholarship & Res Dev, Sch Nursing, 630 West 168th St,Box 6, New York, NY 10032 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1918 EP 1932 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2065-2 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400011 PM 24531932 ER PT J AU Hoefman, R Payakachat, N van Exel, J Kuhlthau, K Kovacs, E Pyne, J Tilford, JM AF Hoefman, Renske Payakachat, Nalin van Exel, Job Kuhlthau, Karen Kovacs, Erica Pyne, Jeffrey Tilford, J. Mick TI Caring for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parents' Quality of Life: Application of the CarerQol SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Family caregiving; Subjective burden; Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); Quality of life; CarerQol; Construct validation ID INFORMAL CARE; CAREGIVER BURDEN; STRESS PROLIFERATION; ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS; DEPRESSED MOOD; MENTAL-HEALTH; IMPACT; FAMILY; ASD; INSTRUMENT AB This study describes the impact of caregiving on parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Secondly, we investigate construct validation of the care-related quality of life instrument (CarerQol) measuring impact of caregiving. Primary caregivers of children with ASDs were included. Many parents experienced considerable problems combining daily activities with care, had financial problems or suffered from depressive mood. Validity tests showed that a higher impact of caring on the CarerQol was positively associated with higher subjective burden and lower family quality of life. Most of the associations between CarerQol scores and background characteristics confirmed previous research. The CarerQol validly measures the impact of caregiving for children with ASDs on caregivers in our sample. The CarerQol may therefore be useful for including parent outcomes in research on ASDs. C1 [Hoefman, Renske; van Exel, Job] Erasmus Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Payakachat, Nalin] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Div Pharmaceut Evaluat & Policy, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kovacs, Erica] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Pyne, Jeffrey] Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Ctr Mental Hlth Outcomes Res, Little Rock, AR USA. [Tilford, J. Mick] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Hoefman, R (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1933 EP 1945 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2066-1 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400012 PM 24577786 ER PT J AU Medeiros, K Winsler, A AF Medeiros, Kristen Winsler, Adam TI Parent-Child Gesture Use During Problem Solving in Autistic Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Gesture; Receptive communication; Parent-child interaction ID JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INFANT INTERACTION; INTERVENTION; SKILLS; BEHAVIORS AB This study examined the relationship between child language skills and parent and child gestures of 58 youths with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Frequencies and rates of total gesture use as well as five categories of gestures (deictic, conventional, beat, iconic, and metaphoric) were reliably coded during the collaborative Tower of Hanoi task. Children with ASD had lower Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores and gestured less and at lower rates compared to typically developing children. Gesture use was unrelated to vocabulary for typically developing children, but positively associated with vocabulary for those with ASD. Demographic correlates of gesturing differed by group. Gesture may be a point of communication intervention for families with children with ASD. C1 [Medeiros, Kristen] SUNY Coll New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Winsler, Adam] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Medeiros, K (reprint author), SUNY Coll New Paltz, 600 Hawk Dr,JFT 306, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. 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TI Age Related Differences of Executive Functioning Problems in Everyday Life of Children and Adolescents in the Autism Spectrum SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Autism severity; Behavioral Rating Inventory Executive Functions (BRIEF); Development; Executive functioning ID BEHAVIOR RATING INVENTORY; LATENT-VARIABLE ANALYSIS; SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MULTIPLE CASE SERIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CENTRAL COHERENCE; LATE CHILDHOOD; REAL-WORLD AB Numerous studies investigated executive functioning (EF) problems in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using laboratory EF tasks. As laboratory task performances often differ from real life observations, the current study focused on EF in everyday life of 118 children and adolescents with ASD (6-18 years). We investigated age-related and individual differences in EF problems as reported by parents on the Behavioral Rating Inventory Executive Functions (BRIEF: Gioia et al. in Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odesse 2000), and examined the association with autism severity. Inhibition problems were mostly found in the youngest group (6- to 8-year-olds), whereas problems with planning where more evident for 12- to 14-year-olds as compared to 9- to 11-year-olds. In a subsample of participants meeting the ADOS ASD cut-off criteria the age related differences in planning were absent, while problems with cognitive flexibility were less apparent in 15- to 18-year-olds, compared to 9- to 11-, and 12- to 14-year olds. EF problems surpassing the clinical cutoff were only observed in 20 % (planning) to 51 % (cognitive flexibility) of the children and adolescents, and no relation was found with ASD symptom severity. This underlines the heterogeneous nature of ASD. C1 [van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Autism Clin, Res & Dev, NL-6865 XZ Doorwerth, Netherlands. [van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol Brain & Cognit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Dutch Autism & ADHD Res Ctr dArc, NL-1018 XA Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Scheeren, Anke M.; Begeer, Sander; Koot, Hans M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Dev Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Scheeren, Anke M.; Begeer, Sander; Koot, Hans M.] ARA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Scheeren, Anke M.; Begeer, Sander; Koot, Hans M.] EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Begeer, Sander] Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Geurts, Hilde M.] Cognit Sci Ctr Amsterdam, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Geurts, HM (reprint author), Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Autism Clin, Res & Dev, Houtsniplaan 1, NL-6865 XZ Doorwerth, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1959 EP 1971 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2071-4 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400014 PM 24562693 ER PT J AU Filipe, MG Frota, S Castro, SL Vicente, SG AF Filipe, Marisa G. Frota, Sonia Castro, Sao Luis Vicente, Selene G. TI Atypical Prosody in Asperger Syndrome: Perceptual and Acoustic Measurements SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Atypical prosody; Autism spectrum disorders; Intonation ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTOMATED VOCAL ANALYSIS; LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REVISED VERSION; CHILDREN; INTONATION; SPEECH; ADOLESCENTS AB It is known that individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS) may show no problems with regard to what is said (e.g., lexical content) but tend to have difficulties in how utterances are produced, i.e., they may show prosodic impairments. In the present study, we focus on the use of prosodic features to express grammatical meaning. Specifically, we explored the sentence type difference between statements and questions that is conveyed by intonation, using perceptual and acoustic measurements. Children aged 8 and 9 years with AS (n = 12) were matched according to age and nonverbal intelligence with typically developing peers (n = 17). Although children with AS could produce categorically accurate prosodic patterns, their prosodic contours were perceived as odd by adult listeners, and acoustic measurements showed alterations in duration and pitch. Additionally, children with AS had greater variability in fundamental frequency contours compared to typically developing peers. C1 [Filipe, Marisa G.; Castro, Sao Luis; Vicente, Selene G.] Univ Porto, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, Speech Lab, P-4200135 Oporto, Portugal. [Frota, Sonia] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Linguist, P-1600214 Lisbon, Portugal. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1972 EP 1981 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2073-2 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400015 PM 24590408 ER PT J AU Zainal, H Magiati, I Tan, JWL Sung, M Fung, DSS Howlin, P AF Zainal, Hani Magiati, Iliana Tan, Julianne Wen-Li Sung, Min Fung, Daniel S. S. Howlin, Patricia TI A Preliminary Investigation of the Spence Children's Anxiety Parent Scale as a Screening Tool for Anxiety in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Anxiety; Assessment; Screening; Psychometric; Measurement ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH AB Despite high rates of clinically elevated anxiety difficulties in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), very few studies have systematically examined the usefulness of commonly used caregiver report anxiety screening tools with this population. This study investigated the use of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent version (SCAS-P) as a screening tool for anxiety disorders when compared to a standardized DSM-IV-TR-based clinical interview, the Kiddie-Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Thirty-two caregivers of youth with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (mean age 10.3 years) attending a specialist autism school participated in this study. They first completed the SCAS-P, a measure of adaptive functioning and a checklist of other emotional and behavioral difficulties. They were then interviewed with the K-SADS-PL. Internal consistency for the SCAS Total score was .88, but Cronbach's alphas were <.70 in three of the six SCAS-P subscales. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the SCAS-P against K-SADS diagnosis were .75, .71, .27, and .95, respectively. All values were >.70, except for the PPV. Evidence of convergent validity between the SCAS-P, K-SADS-PL and DBC anxiety subscale was also found. The high false positive rates notwithstanding, the preliminary data of acceptable to excellent sensitivity, specificity and NPV values tentatively suggest that the SCAS-P may be useful for screening non-help seeking young people with ASD for elevated anxiety symptoms. Further replication in larger studies is needed and ways in which the SCAS-P could be further developed and investigated for use with youth with ASD are discussed. C1 [Zainal, Hani; Magiati, Iliana; Tan, Julianne Wen-Li] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117570, Singapore. [Sung, Min; Fung, Daniel S. S.] Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Buangkok, Singapore. [Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, Fac Hlth Sci, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1982 EP 1994 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2075-0 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400016 PM 24573336 ER PT J AU Hus, V Lord, C AF Hus, Vanessa Lord, Catherine TI The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Module 4: Revised Algorithm and Standardized Severity Scores SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; Adults; Severity ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADULTS; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVIEW; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN; AVERAGE; SCALE; IQ AB The recently published Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2) includes revised diagnostic algorithms and standardized severity scores for modules used to assess younger children. A revised algorithm and severity scores are not yet available for Module 4, used with verbally fluent adults. The current study revises the Module 4 algorithm and calibrates raw overall and domain totals to provide metrics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom severity. Sensitivity and specificity of the revised Module 4 algorithm exceeded 80 % in the overall sample. Module 4 calibrated severity scores provide quantitative estimates of ASD symptom severity that are relatively independent of participant characteristics. These efforts increase comparability of ADOS scores across modules and should facilitate efforts to examine symptom trajectories from toddler to adulthood. C1 [Hus, Vanessa; Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hus, Vanessa; Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hus, V (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1996 EP 2012 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2080-3 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400018 PM 24590409 ER PT J AU Frazier, TW Thompson, L Youngstrom, EA Law, P Hardan, AY Eng, C Morris, N AF Frazier, Thomas W. Thompson, Lee Youngstrom, Eric A. Law, Paul Hardan, Antonio Y. Eng, Charis Morris, Nathan TI A Twin Study of Heritable and Shared Environmental Contributions to Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Twins; Genetic; Heritability; Environment; Diagnosis ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION ANALYSIS; COPY-NUMBER-VARIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENERAL-POPULATION; GENETIC ETIOLOGY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PATERNAL AGE; RISK-FACTORS; TRAITS AB The present study examined genetic and shared environment contributions to quantitatively-measured autism symptoms and categorically-defined autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants included 568 twins from the Interactive Autism Network. Autism symptoms were obtained using the Social Communication Questionnaire and Social Responsiveness Scale. Categorically-defined ASD was based on clinical diagnoses. DeFries-Fulker and liability threshold models examined etiologic influences. Very high heritability was observed for extreme autism symptom levels (). Extreme levels of social and repetitive behavior symptoms were strongly influenced by common genetic factors. Heritability of categorically-defined ASD diagnosis was comparatively low (.21, 95 % CI 0.15-0.28). High heritability of extreme autism symptom levels confirms previous observations of strong genetic influences on autism. Future studies will require large, carefully ascertained family pedigrees and quantitative symptom measurements. C1 [Frazier, Thomas W.] Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Frazier, Thomas W.; Eng, Charis] Cleveland Clin, Genom Med Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Thompson, Lee] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Youngstrom, Eric A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Law, Paul] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, Paul] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Interact Autism Network, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Eng, Charis] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Morris, Nathan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Frazier, TW (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. 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Further research is necessary to accurately differentiate high ability students with ASD from those without the disorder, and thus decrease the risk of misdiagnosis. The purpose of the present study is to provide an empirical account of the intellectual, adaptive, and psychosocial functioning of high ability youth with and without ASD utilizing a group study design. Forty youth with high cognitive ability and ASD and a control group of 41 youth with high cognitive ability and no psychological diagnosis were included in the study. In comparison to the control group, the ASD group showed poorer functioning on measures of processing speed, adaptive skills, and broad psychological functioning, as perceived by parents and teachers. These findings have significant implications for diagnosing ASD among those with high ability, and the development of related psychological and educational interventions to address talent domains and areas of concern. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2026 EP 2040 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2082-1 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400020 PM 24584434 ER PT J AU McGillivray, JA Evert, HT AF McGillivray, J. A. Evert, H. T. TI Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Program Shows Potential in Reducing Symptoms of Depression and Stress Among Young People with ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; CBT intervention; Group; Anxiety; Depression; Stress; Negative and anxious self talk ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ANXIETY DISORDERS; SELF-STATEMENTS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; YOUTH; CBT AB We examined the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered in groups on the reduction of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in young people on the autism spectrum. Utilising a quasi-experimental design, comparisons were made between individuals allocated to a group intervention program and individuals allocated to a waitlist. Following the intervention program, participants who were initially symptomatic reported significantly lower depression and stress scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in comparison to individuals on the waitlist. There was no significant change in anxiety related symptoms. The benefits were maintained at 3 and 9 month follow-up. Our findings demonstrate the potential of CBT in a small group setting for assisting young people with ASD who have symptoms of depression and stress. C1 [McGillivray, J. A.; Evert, H. T.] Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Mental Hlth & Wellbeing Res, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. RP McGillivray, JA (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Mental Hlth & Wellbeing Res, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2041 EP 2051 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2087-9 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400021 PM 24634065 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Yan, TT Du, YS Liu, XH AF Zhang, Wei Yan, Ting-ting Du, Ya-song Liu, Xiao-hong TI Brief Report: Effects of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Group-Work on Promoting Post-traumatic Growth of Mothers Who Have a Child with ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Mothers; Post-traumatic growth; Solution-focused brief therapy; Group counseling ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS; OPTIMISM AB The study evaluated the impact of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) group-work on the post-traumatic growth (PTG) of mothers who have a child with ASD. A quasi-experimental design was used in which 43 mothers participated. 18 mothers in 2 SFBT groups (n = 9 in each group) received a 6-session SFBT group therapy while 25 mothers in a control group received no treatment. The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory was used to measure the PTG levels of the participants at baseline, post-treatment and 6-month follow-up assessments. Mothers who attended SFBT group-work reported higher PTG scores both at post-treatment (t = 4.065, p = .001) and 6-month follow-up (t = 2.980, p = .006) assessments. Further investigations to prove whether SFBT in groups can increase the positivity of clients would promote the use of SFBT. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Yan, Ting-ting; Liu, Xiao-hong] Second Mil Med Univ, Sch Nursing, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Du, Ya-song] Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Liu, XH (reprint author), Second Mil Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. 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Vivanti, Giacomo Dissanayake, Cheryl TI Brief Report: Evidence for Normative Resting-State Physiology in Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Resting-state physiology; Autism; Pupillometry; Baseline; Eye-tracking; Autonomic nervous system ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTONOMIC RESPONSES; PUPIL SIZE; CHILDREN; REACTIVITY; LANGUAGE; AROUSAL; FACES AB Although the conception of autism as a disorder of abnormal resting-state physiology has a long history, the evidence remains mixed. Using state-of-the-art eye-tracking pupillometry, resting-state (tonic) pupil size was measured in children with and without autism. No group differences in tonic pupil size were found, and tonic pupil size was not related to age or cognitive ability in either group, and nor was it related to autistic symptoms. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2064 EP 2071 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2074-1 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400024 PM 24557810 ER PT J AU McGrath, LM Yu, DM Marshall, C Davis, LK Thiruvahindrapuram, B Li, BB Cappi, C Gerber, G Wolf, A Schroeder, FA Osiecki, L O'Dushlaine, C Kirby, A Illmann, C Haddad, S Gallagher, P Fagerness, JA Barr, CL Bellodi, L Benarroch, F Bienvenu, OJ Black, DW Bloch, MH Bruun, RD Budman, CL Camarena, B Cath, DC Cavallini, MC Chouinard, S Coric, V Cullen, B Delorme, R Denys, D Derks, EM Dion, Y Rosario, MC Eapen, V Evans, P Falkai, P Fernandez, TV Garrido, H Geller, D Grabe, HJ Grados, MA Greenberg, BD Gross-Tsur, V Gruenblatt, E Heiman, GA Hemmings, SMJ Herrera, LD Hounie, AG Jankovic, J Kennedy, JL King, RA Kurlan, R Lanzagorta, N Leboyer, M Leckman, JF Lennertz, L Lochner, C Lowe, TL Lyon, GJ Macciardi, F Maier, W McCracken, JT McMahon, W Murphy, DL Naarden, AL Neale, BM Nurmi, E Pakstis, AJ Pato, MT Pato, CN Piacentini, J Pittenger, C Pollak, Y Reus, VI Richter, MA Riddle, M Robertson, MM Rosenberg, D Rouleau, GA Ruhrmann, S Sampaio, AS Samuels, J Sandor, P Sheppard, B Singer, HS Smit, JH Stein, DJ Tischrield, JA Vallada, H Veenstra-VanderWeele, J Walitza, S Wang, Y Wendfand, JR Shugart, YY Miguel, EC Nicolini, H Oostra, BA Moessner, R Wagner, M Ruiz-Linares, A Heutink, P Nestadt, G Freimer, N Petryshen, T Posthuma, D Jenike, MA Cox, NJ Hanna, GL Brentani, H Scherer, SW Arnold, PD Stewart, SE Mathews, CA Knowles, JA Cook, EH Pauls, DL Wang, K Scharf, JM AF McGrath, Lauren M. Yu, Dongmei Marshall, Christian Davis, Lea K. Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma Li, Bingbin Cappi, Carolina Gerber, Gloria Wolf, Aaron Schroeder, Frederick A. Osiecki, Lisa O'Dushlaine, Colm Kirby, Andrew Illmann, Cornelia Haddad, Stephen Gallagher, Patience Fagerness, Jesen A. Barr, Cathy L. Bellodi, Laura Benarroch, Fortu Bienvenu, O. Joseph Black, Donald W. Bloch, Michael H. Bruun, Ruth D. Budman, Cathy L. Camarena, Beatriz Cath, Danielle C. Cavallini, Maria C. Chouinard, Sylvain Coric, Vladimir Cullen, Bernadette Delorme, Richard Denys, Damiaan Derks, Eske M. Dion, Yves Rosario, Maria C. Eapen, Valsama Evans, Patrick Falkai, Peter Fernandez, Thomas V. Garrido, Helena Geller, Daniel Grabe, Hans J. Grados, Marco A. Greenberg, Benjamin D. Gross-Tsur, Varda Gruenblatt, Edna Heiman, Gary A. Hemmings, Sian M. J. Herrera, Luis D. Hounie, Ana G. Jankovic, Joseph Kennedy, James L. King, Robert A. Kurlan, Roger Lanzagorta, Nuria Leboyer, Marion Leckman, James F. Lennertz, Leonhard Lochner, Christine Lowe, Thomas L. Lyon, Gholson J. Macciardi, Fabio Maier, Wolfgang McCracken, James T. McMahon, William Murphy, Dennis L. Naarden, Allan L. Neale, Benjamin M. Nurmi, Erika Pakstis, Andrew J. Pato, Michele T. Pato, Carlos N. Piacentini, John Pittenger, Christopher Pollak, Yehuda Reus, Victor I. Richter, Margaret A. Riddle, Mark Robertson, Mary M. Rosenberg, David Rouleau, Guy A. Ruhrmann, Stephan Sampaio, Aline S. Samuels, Jack Sandor, Paul Sheppard, Brooke Singer, Harvey S. Smit, Jan H. Stein, Dan J. Tischrield, Jay A. Vallada, Homero Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy Walitza, Susanne Wang, Ying Wendfand, Jens R. Shugart, Yin Yao Miguel, Euripedes C. Nicolini, Humberto Oostra, Ben A. Moessner, Rainald Wagner, Michael Ruiz-Linares, Andres Heutink, Peter Nestadt, Gerald Freimer, Nelson Petryshen, Tracey Posthuma, Danielle Jenike, Michael A. Cox, Nancy J. Hanna, Gregory L. Brentani, Helena Scherer, Stephen W. Arnold, Paul D. Stewart, S. Evelyn Mathews, Carol A. Knowles, James A. Cook, Edwin H. Pauls, David L. Wang, Kai Scharf, Jeremiah M. TI Copy Number Variation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Tourette syndrome; obsessive-compulsive disorder; copy number variation; genetics; 16p13.11 ID RARE CHROMOSOMAL DELETIONS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DE-NOVO CNVS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; 16P13.11 PREDISPOSE; VARIANTS; DUPLICATIONS; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; GENETICS AB Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (<1%) copy number variants (CNVs) in OCD and the largest genome-wide CNV analysis in TS to date. Method: The primary analyses used a cross-disorder design for 2,699 case patients (1,613 ascertained for OCD, 1,086 ascertained for TS) and 1,789 controls. Parental data facilitated a de novo analysis in 348 OCD trios. Results: Although no global CNV burden was detected in the cross-disorder analysis or in secondary, disease-specific analyses, there was a 3.3-fold increased burden of large deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (p = .09). Half of these neurodevelopmental deletions were located in a single locus, 16p13.11 (5 case patient deletions: 0 control deletions, p = .08 in the current study, p = .025 compared to published controls). Three 16p13.11 deletions were confirmed de novo, providing further support for the etiological significance of this region. The overall OCD de novo rate was 1.4%, which is intermediate between published rates in controls (0.7%) and in individuals with autism or schizophrenia (2-4%). Conclusion: Several converging lines of evidence implicate 16p13.11 deletions in OCD, with weaker evidence for a role in TS. The trend toward increased overall neurodevelopmental CNV burden in TS and OCD suggests that deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders may also contribute to these phenotypes. C1 [Haddad, Stephen; Fagerness, Jesen A.; Petryshen, Tracey] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Stewart, S. Evelyn] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [McGrath, Lauren M.] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Scharf, Jeremiah M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McGrath, Lauren M.; O'Dushlaine, Colm; Neale, Benjamin M.] Harvard Brood Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Marshall, Christian; Barr, Cathy L.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Marshall, Christian; Barr, Cathy L.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Schroeder, Frederick A.; Barr, Cathy L.] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto Western Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kennedy, James L.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Davis, Lea K.; Evans, Patrick] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vallada, Homero; Miguel, Euripedes C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Med School, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bellodi, Laura] Univ Vita Salute Son Raffaele, Milan, Italy. [Benarroch, Fortu] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Bienvenu, O. Joseph; Cullen, Bernadette; Grados, Marco A.; Samuels, Jack; Singer, Harvey S.; Nestadt, Gerald] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Black, Donald W.] Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. [Bloch, Michael H.; Coric, Vladimir; Fernandez, Thomas V.; Leckman, James F.; Pakstis, Andrew J.; Pittenger, Christopher] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Bruun, Ruth D.; Budman, Cathy L.] North Shore Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, New Hyde Pk, NY USA. [Budman, Cathy L.] Hofstra Univ, Sch Med, Hempstead, NY USA. [Bruun, Ruth D.] NYU, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Camarena, Beatriz] Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente Muniz, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Cath, Danielle C.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cath, Danielle C.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Smit, Jan H.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cavallini, Maria C.] Osped San Raffoe, Milan, Italy. [Chouinard, Sylvain; Dion, Yves] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Delorme, Richard; Leboyer, Marion] Robert Debre Univ Hosp, Paris, France. [Delorme, Richard; Dion, Yves] French Notional Sci Fdn, Creteil, France. [Delorme, Richard] Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Inst Mondor Rech Biomed, Creteil, France. [Denys, Damiaan] Netherlands Inst Neurosci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Denys, Damiaan; Derks, Eske M.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sampaio, Aline S.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sampaio, Aline S.] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Eapen, Valsama] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Falkai, Peter] Univ Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Garrido, Helena] Hosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Garrido, Helena] Clin Herrera Amighetti, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Grabe, Hans J.] Univ Med Greifswald, Greifswold, Germany. [Greenberg, Benjamin D.] Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. [Gross-Tsur, Varda; Pollak, Yehuda] Shoare Zedek Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Gruenblatt, Edna] Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Walitza, Susanne] Univ Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany. [Heiman, Gary A.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway Township, NJ USA. [Jankovic, Joseph] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kurlan, Roger] Atlant Neurosci Inst, Summit, NJ USA. [Lanzagorta, Nuria] Corracci Med Grp, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Lennertz, Leonhard; Maier, Wolfgang; Wagner, Michael] Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [Hemmings, Sian M. J.] Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Lowe, Thomas L.; Sheppard, Brooke] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Lyon, Gholson J.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [McCracken, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Freimer, Nelson] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Freimer, Nelson] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA USA. [McMahon, William] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Murphy, Dennis L.; Wendfand, Jens R.] NIMH, Intramural Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Naarden, Allan L.] Med City Dallas Hosp, Dallas, TX USA. [Pato, Michele T.; Pato, Carlos N.; Wang, Ying] Zilkho Neurogenet Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Richter, Margaret A.] Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. [Robertson, Mary M.] UCL, London, England. [Rosenberg, David] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Rosenberg, David] Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. [Rouleau, Guy A.] Montreal Neurol Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Ruhrmann, Stephan] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Smit, Jan H.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stein, Dan J.] Univ Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa. [Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Oostra, Ben A.] Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Heutink, Peter] German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Bonn, Germany. [Heutink, Peter] VU Med Ctr Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Posthuma, Danielle] VU Amsterdam & Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hanna, Gregory L.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cook, Edwin H.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Scharf, JM (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM ischarf@partners.org RI Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Stewart, Evelyn/K-6961-2014; Vallada, Homero/D-1333-2014; Nurmi, Erika/P-4627-2014; Stein, Dan/A-1752-2008 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Vallada, Homero/0000-0001-5123-8295; Nurmi, Erika/0000-0003-4893-8957; Stein, Dan/0000-0001-7218-7810 FU David Judah Fund; Tourette Syndrome Association; International OCD Foundation; National Institutes of Health [TSA International Consortium for Genetics] [U01NS40024, R01NS16648, R01MH079489, MH073250, K23MH085057, T32MH16259, NS037484, P30NS062691, K20MH01065, R01MH58376, R01MH092293]; American Recovery and Re-investment Act (ARRA) awards [NS40024-07S1, NS16648-29S1]; New Jersey Center for Tourette Syndrome and Associated Disorders; German Research Foundation (DFG) [Fa 241/6-1]; Ontario Mental Health Foundation; NIH Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI) [U01 HG004422]; Gene Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) under GEI; NIH GEI [U01HG004438]; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; NIH contract "High throughput genotyping for studying the genetic contributions to human disease" [HHSN268200782096C]; [T32MH018268] FX This work was supported by grants from the David Judah Fund, the Tourette Syndrome Association, the International OCD Foundation, and National Institutes of Health (U01NS40024: [D.L.P./J.M.S/TSA International Consortium for Genetics]; R01NS16648, R01MH079489, and MH073250 [D.L.P.]; K23MH085057 [J.M.S.]; T32MH16259 [L.M.M.]; NS037484 and P30NS062691 [N.B.F.]; K20MH01065 and R01MH58376 (G.L.H.); R01MH092293 [G.A.H./R.A.K./J.A.T.]). Support also came from American Recovery and Re-investment Act (ARRA) awards NS40024-07S1 and NS16648-29S1 (D.L.P.). This work was also supported by grants from the New Jersey Center for Tourette Syndrome and Associated Disorders, the German Research Foundation (Fa 241/6-1; DFG), the Ontario Mental Health Foundation (M.A.R. and J.L.K.), and T32MH018268 (J.F.L.). Funding support for the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE) was provided through the NIH Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI; U01 HG004422). SAGE is 1 of the genome-wide association studies funded as part of the Gene Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) under GEI. Assistance with phenotype harmonization and genotype cleaning, as well as with general study coordination, was provided by the GENEVA Coordinating Center (U01 HG004446). Assistance with data cleaning was provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Support for collection of datasets and samples was provided by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; U10M008401), the Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND; P01 CA089392), and the Family Study of Cocaine Dependence (FSCD; R01 DA013423). Funding support for genotyping, which was performed at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research, was provided by the NIH GEI (U01HG004438), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the NIH contract "High throughput genotyping for studying the genetic contributions to human disease" (HHSN268200782096C) The datasets used for the analyses described in this manuscript were obtained from dbGaP at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nlh.gov/projects/gap/cgibin/study.cgi?study_id=phs00 0092.vl.pl through dbGaP accession number phs000092.vl p None of the funding agencies for this protect had any influence on the design or conduct of the study; the management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. 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TI The latent structure of cognitive and emotional empathy in individuals with autism, first-degree relatives and typical individuals SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Empathy; autism; broader autism phenotype; factor analysis ID SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MALE BRAIN THEORY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; FAMILY-HISTORY; NORMAL ADULTS; FIT INDEXES; VALIDITY; MIND AB Background: Empathy is a vital component for social understanding involving the ability to recognise emotion (cognitive empathy) and provide an appropriate affective response (emotional empathy). Autism spectrum conditions have been described as disorders of empathy. First-degree relatives may show some mild traits of the autism spectrum, the broader autism phenotype (BAP). Whether both cognitive and emotional empathy, rather than cognitive empathy alone, are impaired in autism and the BAP is still under debate. Moreover the association between various aspects of empathy is unclear. This study aims to examine the relationship between different components of empathy across individuals with varying levels of genetic vulnerability to autism. Methods: Factor analyses utilising questionnaire and performance-based task data were implemented among individuals with autism, parents of a child with autism and controls. The relationship between performance-based tasks and behavioural measures of empathy was also explored. Results: A four-factor model including cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, social skills and a performance-based factor fitted the data best irrespective of genetic vulnerability. Individuals with autism displayed impairment on all four factors, with parents showing intermediate difficulties. Performance-based measures of empathy were related in almost equal magnitude to cognitive and emotional empathy latent factors and the social skills factor. Conclusions: This study suggests individuals with autism have difficulties with multiple facets of empathy, while parents show intermediate impairments, providing evidence for a quantitative BAP. Impaired scores on performance-based measures of empathy, often thought to be pure measures of cognitive empathy, were also related to much wider empathy difficulties than impairments in cognitive empathy alone. C1 [Grove, Rachel; Baillie, Andrew] Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Emot Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Hoekstra, Rosa A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Baron-Cohen, Simon] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, CLASS Clin, Cambridge, England. [Hoekstra, Rosa A.] Open Univ, Fac Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Grove, R (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Emot Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. 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Autism PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 42 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-42 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM6KY UT WOS:000339975000001 PM 25101164 ER PT J AU Ladd-Acosta, C Hansen, KD Briem, E Fallin, MD Kaufmann, WE Feinberg, AP AF Ladd-Acosta, C. Hansen, K. D. Briem, E. Fallin, M. D. Kaufmann, W. E. Feinberg, A. P. TI Common DNA methylation alterations in multiple brain regions in autism SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; brain; DNA methylation; epigenome; 450 k ID PAROXYSMAL KINESIGENIC DYSKINESIA; FAMILIAL INFANTILE CONVULSIONS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; CPG ISLAND SHORES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; FUNCTIONAL VARIANTS; WIDE ASSOCIATION; MUTATIONS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are increasingly common neurodevelopmental disorders defined clinically by a triad of features including impairment in social interaction, impairment in communication in social situations and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests, with considerable phenotypic heterogeneity among individuals. Although heritability estimates for ASD are high, conventional genetic-based efforts to identify genes involved in ASD have yielded only few reproducible candidate genes that account for only a small proportion of ASDs. There is mounting evidence to suggest environmental and epigenetic factors play a stronger role in the etiology of ASD than previously thought. To begin to understand the contribution of epigenetics to ASD, we have examined DNA methylation (DNAm) in a pilot study of postmortem brain tissue from 19 autism cases and 21 unrelated controls, among three brain regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum. We measured over 485 000 CpG loci across a diverse set of functionally relevant genomic regions using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and identified four genome-wide significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using a bump hunting approach and a permutation-based multiple testing correction method. We replicated 3/4 DMRs identified in our genome-wide screen in a different set of samples and across different brain regions. The DMRs identified in this study represent suggestive evidence for commonly altered methylation sites in ASD and provide several promising new candidate genes. C1 [Ladd-Acosta, C.; Fallin, M. D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ladd-Acosta, C.; Hansen, K. D.; Briem, E.; Fallin, M. D.; Feinberg, A. P.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Inst Basic Biomed Sci, Ctr Epigenet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hansen, K. D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hansen, K. D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Med Genet, Baltimore, MD USA. [Briem, E.; Feinberg, A. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, W. E.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Feinberg, AP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Inst Basic Biomed Sci, Ctr Epigenet, 855N Wolfe St,Rangos 570, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM afeinberg@jhu.edu FU US National Institutes of Health Centers of Excellence in Genomic Science [5P50HG003233]; Department of Defense (CDMRP) [AR080125] FX We thank Daniel Geschwind and Neelroop Parikshak for sharing the PFC and TC samples, obtained from the Autism Tissue Program (ATP) of Autism Speaks, for these analyses. In addition, we would also like to thank the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at The University of Maryland for providing brain samples from the CBL brain region. This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health Centers of Excellence in Genomic Science, 5P50HG003233 to APF and Department of Defense (CDMRP) AR080125 to APF and WEK. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 862 EP 871 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.114 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM7IR UT WOS:000340040200006 PM 23999529 ER PT J AU Kenny, EM Cormican, P Furlong, S Kenny, EHG Fahey, C Kelleher, E Ennis, S Tropea, D Anney, R Corvin, P Donohoe, G Gallagher, L Gill, M Morris, DW AF Kenny, E. M. Cormican, P. Furlong, S. Kenny, E. Heron G. Fahey, C. Kelleher, E. Ennis, S. Tropea, D. Anney, R. Corvin, P. Donohoe, G. Gallagher, L. Gill, M. Morris, D. W. TI Excess of rare novel loss-of-function variants in synaptic genes in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; loss-of-function; mutation; schizophrenia; sequencing; synapse ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; RECURRENT REARRANGEMENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; TYROSINE KINASE; NMDA RECEPTORS; RISK-FACTOR AB Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders that may share an underlying pathology suggested by shared genetic risk variants. We sequenced the exonic regions of 215 genes in 147 ASD cases, 273 SZ cases and 287 controls, to identify rare risk mutations. Genes were primarily selected for their function in the synapse and were categorized as: (1) Neurexin and Neuroligin Interacting Proteins, (2) Post-synaptic Glutamate Receptor Complexes, (3) Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, (4) DISC1 and Interactors and (5) Functional and Positional Candidates. Thirty-one novel loss-of-function (LoF) variants that are predicted to severely disrupt protein-coding sequence were detected among 2 861 rare variants. We found an excess of LoF variants in the combined cases compared with controls (P = 0.02). This effect was stronger when analysis was limited to singleton LoF variants (P = 0.0007) and the excess was present in both SZ (P = 0.002) and ASD (P = 0.001). As an individual gene category, Neurexin and Neuroligin Interacting Proteins carried an excess of LoF variants in cases compared with controls (P = 0.05). A de novo nonsense variant in GRIN2B was identified in an ASD case adding to the growing evidence that this is an important risk gene for the disorder. These data support synapse formation and maintenance as key molecular mechanisms for SZ and ASD. C1 [Kenny, E. M.; Cormican, P.; Furlong, S.; Kenny, E. Heron G.; Fahey, C.; Kelleher, E.; Tropea, D.; Anney, R.; Corvin, P.; Donohoe, G.; Gallagher, L.; Gill, M.; Morris, D. W.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Inst Mol Med, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Ennis, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Med & Med Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Morris, DW (reprint author), St James Hosp, Inst Mol Med, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Room 0-80, Dublin 8, Ireland. EM derek.morris@tcd.ie FU Health Research Board (HRB Ireland) [HRA/2009/45]; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [08/IN.1/B1916]; SFI [07/RFP/GEN/F327/EC07]; HRB 4-Year PhD Programme in Molecular Medicine at TCD; Trinity Centre for High Performance Computing; Health Research Board (Ireland) FX We sincerely thank all patients who contributed to this study and all staff who facilitated their involvement. Funding for this study was provided by the Health Research Board (HRB Ireland; HRA/2009/45) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI; 08/IN.1/B1916). Next-generation sequencing was performed in TrinSeq (Trinity Genome Sequencing Laboratory; http://www.medicine.tcd.ie/sequencing), a core facility funded by SFI under Grant No. [07/RFP/GEN/F327/EC07] to Dr Morris. Ms Furlong's PhD studentship is funded by the HRB 4-Year PhD Programme in Molecular Medicine at TCD. We acknowledge use of the Trinity Biobank control sample and support from the Trinity Centre for High Performance Computing. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 872 EP 879 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.127 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM7IR UT WOS:000340040200007 PM 24126926 ER PT J AU Gershon, ES Grennan, K Busnello, J Badner, JA Ovsiew, F Memon, S Alliey-Rodriguez, N Cooper, J Romanos, B Liu, C AF Gershon, E. S. Grennan, K. Busnello, J. Badner, J. A. Ovsiew, F. Memon, S. Alliey-Rodriguez, N. Cooper, J. Romanos, B. Liu, C. TI A rare mutation of CACNA1C in a patient with bipolar disorder, and decreased gene expression associated with a bipolar-associated common SNP of CACNA1C in brain SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE bipolar disorder; Timothy syndrome; calcium channel blockers; CACNA1C; long QT syndrome ID TIMOTHY-SYNDROME MUTATION; CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS; NEUROPATHOLOGY CONSORTIUM; MAJOR DEPRESSION; HEART-FAILURE; MOUSE MODEL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INACTIVATION; CEREBELLUM; POLYMORPHISMS AB Timothy Syndrome (TS) is caused by very rare exonic mutations of the CACNA1C gene that produce delayed inactivation of Cav1.2 voltage-gated calcium channels during cellular action potentials, with greatly increased influx of calcium into the activated cells. The major clinical feature of this syndrome is a long QT interval that results in cardiac arrhythmias. However, TS also includes cognitive impairment, autism and major developmental delays in many of the patients. We observed the appearance of bipolar disorder (BD) in a patient with a previously reported case of TS, who is one of the very few patients to survive childhood. This is most interesting because the common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) most highly associated with BD is rs1006737, which we show here is a cis-expression quantitative trait locus for CACNA1C in human cerebellum, and the risk allele (A) is associated with decreased expression. To combine the CACNA1C perturbations in the presence of BD in this patient and in patients with the common CACNA1C SNP risk allele, we would propose that either increase or decrease in calcium influx in excitable cells can be associated with BD. In treatment of BD with calcium channel blocking drugs, we would predict better response in patients without the risk allele, because they have increased CACNA1C expression. C1 [Gershon, E. S.; Grennan, K.; Busnello, J.; Badner, J. A.; Ovsiew, F.; Alliey-Rodriguez, N.; Cooper, J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Memon, S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Romanos, B.; Liu, C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Liu, C.] Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Med Genet, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Gershon, ES (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, 5841 S Maryland Ave MC3077, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM egershon@yoda.bsd.uchicago.edu; liucsxx@gmail.com FU NIMH [1R01MH094483-01]; NIH [1R01MH080425]; Geraldi Norton Memorial Foundation; Eklund family FX This work was supported by NIMH 1R01MH094483-01 (Dr Gershon) and NIH 1R01MH080425 (Dr Liu), Geraldi Norton Memorial Foundation, Eklund family. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 890 EP 894 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.107 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM7IR UT WOS:000340040200009 PM 23979604 ER PT J AU Gauglerl, T Klei, L Sanders, SJ Bodea, CA Goldberg, AP Lee, AB Mahajan, ML Manaa, D Pawitan, YD Reichert, J Ripke, S Sandin, S Sklar, P Svantesson, O Reichenberg, A Hultman, CM Devlin, B Roeder, K Buxbaum, JD AF Gauglerl, Trent Klei, Lambertus Sanders, Stephan J. Bodea, Corneliu A. Goldberg, Arthur P. Lee, Ann B. Mahajan, Milind Manaa, Dina Pawitan, Yudi Reichert, Jennifer Ripke, Stephan Sandin, Sven Sklar, Pamela Svantesson, Oscar Reichenberg, Abraham Hultman, Christina M. Devlin, Bernie Roeder, Kathryn Buxbaum, Joseph D. TI Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HERITABILITY; VARIANTS; REVEALS; LOCI AB A key component of genetic architecture is the allelic spectrum influencing trait variability. For autism spectrum disorder (herein termed autism), the nature of the allelic spectrum is uncertain. Individual risk-associated genes have been identified from rare variation, especially de novo mutations(1-8). From this evidence, one might conclude that rare variation dominates the allelic spectrum in autism, yet recent studies show that common variation, individually of small effect, has substantial impact en masse(9,10). At issue is how much of an impact relative to rare variation this common variation has. Using a unique epidemiological sample from Sweden, new methods that distinguish total narrow-sense heritability from that due to common variation and synthesis of results from other studies, we reach several conclusions about autism's genetic architecture: its narrow-sense heritability is similar to 52.4%, with most due to common variation, and rare de novo mutations contribute substantially to individual liability, yet their contribution to variance in liability, 2.6%, is modest compared to that for heritable variation. C1 [Gauglerl, Trent; Bodea, Corneliu A.; Lee, Ann B.; Roeder, Kathryn] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Klei, Lambertus; Devlin, Bernie] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Sanders, Stephan J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sanders, Stephan J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT USA. [Goldberg, Arthur P.; Reichert, Jennifer; Reichenberg, Abraham; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY USA. [Goldberg, Arthur P.; Reichert, Jennifer; Sklar, Pamela; Reichenberg, Abraham; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Goldberg, Arthur P.; Sklar, Pamela] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Icahn Inst Genom & Multiscale Biol, New York, NY USA. [Mahajan, Milind; Manaa, Dina; Sklar, Pamela; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY USA. [Pawitan, Yudi; Sandin, Sven; Svantesson, Oscar; Hultman, Christina M.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. [Ripke, Stephan] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA USA. [Sklar, Pamela; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Friedman Brain Inst, New York, NY USA. [Sklar, Pamela] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Div Psychiat Gen, New York, NY USA. [Reichenberg, Abraham] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Roeder, Kathryn] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ray & Stephanie Lane Ctr Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mindich Child Hlth & Dev Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Roeder, K (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM roeder@stat.cmu.edu; joseph.buxbaum@mssm.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [MH057881, MH097849]; NIMH [MH095034, MH077139]; US NIH [HD055751, HD055782, HD055784, HD35465, MH52708, MH55284, MH57881, MH061009, MH06359, MH066673, MH080647, MH081754, MH66766, NS026630, NSO42165, NSO49261]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France; Autism Speaks, UK; Canada Foundation for Innovation/Ontario Innovation Trust; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany [Po 255/17-4]; European Community's Sixth Framework Programme AUTISM MOLGEN; Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Portugal; Fondation de France; Fondation FondaMental, France; Fondation Orange, France; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, France; Fundacao pars a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal; Hospital for Sick Children Foundation; University of Toronto, Canada; INSERM, France; Institut Pasteur, France; Italian Ministry of Health [181]; John P. Hussman Foundation, USA; McLaughlin Centre, Canada; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [Rubicon 825.06.031]; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences [TMF/DA/5801]; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, Canada; Seaver Foundation, USA; Swedish Science Council; Centre for Applied Genomics, Canada; Utah Autism Foundation, USA; Wellcome Trust, UK [075491/Z/04]; Division of Aging Biology and the Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging FX This study was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grants MH057881 and MH097849 and also in part through the computational resources and staff expertise provided by the Scientific Computing Facility at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. We thank the Mount Sinai Genomics Core Facility for carrying out Illumina bead array genotyping. We thank D. Cutler, M. Daly and S. Purcell for comments on the manuscript and M. Daly and P. Sullivan for facilitating access to control samples, collected and genotyped by M. Daly, C.M.H., P.S. and P. Sullivan with support from NIMH grants MH095034 and MH077139. We also thank the nurses, A.-K. Sundberg and A.-B. Holmgren, for their hard work in collecting the samples. AGP: We used data from the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium Whole-Genome Association and Copy Number Variation Study of over 2,600 parent-offspring trios (database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) study phs000267.v4.p2). Funding for AGP was provided from the US NIH (HD055751, HD055782, HD055784, HD35465, MH52708, MH55284, MH57881, MH061009, MH06359, MH066673, MH080647, MH081754, MH66766, NS026630, NSO42165 and NSO49261); the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France; Autism Speaks, UK; the Canada Foundation for Innovation/Ontario Innovation Trust; grant Po 255/17-4 from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany; the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme AUTISM MOLGEN; Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Portugal; Fondation de France; Fondation FondaMental, France; Fondation Orange, France; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, France; Fundacao pars a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal; The Hospital for Sick Children Foundation and the University of Toronto, Canada; INSERM, France; Institut Pasteur, France; Convention 181 of 19.10.2001 from the Italian Ministry of Health; the John P. Hussman Foundation, USA; the McLaughlin Centre, Canada; Rubicon 825.06.031 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; TMF/DA/5801 from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, Canada; the Seaver Foundation, USA; the Swedish Science Council; the Centre for Applied Genomics, Canada; the Utah Autism Foundation, USA; and Core award 075491/Z/04 from the Wellcome Trust, UK. Genotype and phenotype data were obtained from dbGaP, as provided by AGP study investigators. HealthABC: These controls were obtained from dbGaP. Funding support for the CIDR Visceral Adiposity Study (dbGaP study phs000169.v1.p1) was provided through the Division of Aging Biology and the Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging. The CIDR Visceral Adiposity Study includes a GWAS funded as part of the Division of Aging Biology and the Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging. Assistance with phenotype harmonization and genotype cleaning, as well as with general study coordination, was provided by Health ABC study investigators. This manuscript reflects the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the US NIH. 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We present a new approach to this problem, implemented in a software package called Platypus. Platypus achieves high sensitivity and specificity for SNPs, indels and complex polymorphisms by using local de novo assembly to generate candidate variants, followed by local realignment and probabilistic haplotype estimation. It is an order of magnitude faster than existing tools and generates calls from raw aligned read data without preprocessing. We demonstrate the performance of Platypus in clinically relevant experimental designs by comparing with SAMtools and GATK on whole-genome and exome-capture data, by identifying de novo variation in 15 parent-offspring trios with high sensitivity and specificity, and by estimating human leukocyte antigen genotypes directly from variant calls. C1 [Rimmer, Andy; Phan, Hang; Mathieson, Iain; Iqbal, Zamin; McVean, Gil; Lunter, Gerton] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. [Twigg, Stephen R. F.; Wilkie, Andrew O. 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The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service (NHS), NIHR or the UK Department of Health. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 46 IS 8 BP 912 EP 918 DI 10.1038/ng.3036 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AM2TT UT WOS:000339704400024 PM 25017105 ER PT J AU Escobedo, L Ibarra, C Hernandez, J Alvelais, M Tentori, M AF Escobedo, Lizbeth Ibarra, Catalina Hernandez, Jehu Alvelais, Mariana Tentori, Monica TI Smart objects to support the discrimination training of children with autism SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Tangible computing; Smart objects; Assistive technology; Autism; Child-computer interaction; Discrimination training ID INTERVENTIONS AB Teachers spend considerable amount of time keeping students with autism "on task" giving away prompts and rewards and maintaining a detailed record of students' progress during the object discrimination training. We hypothesize that tangible computing, in particular smart objects, could help teachers cope with the problems faced during the object discrimination training of students with autism. In this paper, we describe design principles for smart objects to support the object discrimination training and present several example prototypes. First, we present the design and implementation of "Things that think" (T3), a smart device that converts traditional objects into smart objects that promote interactivity with a playful and engaging interaction, and are capable of the automatic recording of students' progress. Then, we present four T3 smart objects assembled in a board. The results of a 7-week deployment study of the use of such smart objects in three classrooms of students with autism (n = 25, 7 teachers and 18 students with autism) demonstrate T3 smart objects reduce the workload of teachers, ease the record-keeping and increase its reliability, and reduce students' behavioral problems while improving their cognitive efficacy. We close discussing directions for future work. C1 [Escobedo, Lizbeth; Ibarra, Catalina] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Hernandez, Jehu] Softek, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Alvelais, Mariana] Cetys Univ, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. [Tentori, Monica] Ctr Sci Res & Higher Educ CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Escobedo, L (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. EM lescobedo@uabc.edu.mx; catalina.ibarra@uabc.edu.mx; jehu.hdez@gmail.com; marina.alvelais@cetys.mx; mtentori@cicese.mx FU Lizbeth Escobedo's CONACYT fellowship; Catalina Ibarra's CONACYT fellowships; UCMexus Grant [634-237]; CONACYT Grant [10256] FX We thank to Pasitos A. C. for their support. This work was funded through Lizbeth Escobedo's and Catalina Ibarra's CONACYT fellowships and through the UCMexus Grant #634-237 and CONACYT Grant #10256. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 18 IS 6 SI SI BP 1485 EP 1497 DI 10.1007/s00779-013-0750-3 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA AM5IW UT WOS:000339891900018 ER PT J AU Halldner, L Tillander, A Lundholm, C Boman, M Langstrom, N Larsson, H Lichtenstein, P AF Halldner, Linda Tillander, Annika Lundholm, Cecilia Boman, Marcus Langstrom, Niklas Larsson, Henrik Lichtenstein, Paul TI Relative immaturity and ADHD: findings from nationwide registers, parent- and self-reports SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; child development; pharmacotherapy; epidemiological studies ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; TELEPHONE INTERVIEW; AUTISM-TICS; A-TAC; AGE; BIRTH; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB Background: We addressed if immaturity relative to peers reflected in birth month increases the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We linked nationwide Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers and used prospective cohort and nested case-control designs to study 6-69 year-old individuals in Sweden from July 2005 to December 2009 (Cohort 1). Cohort 1 included 56,263 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or ever used prescribed ADHD-specific medication. Complementary population-representative cohorts provided DSM-IV ADHD symptom ratings; parent-reported for 10,760 9-year-old twins born 1995-2000 from the CATSS study (Cohort 2) and self-reported for 6,970 adult twins age 20-47 years born 1959-1970 from the STAGE study (Cohort 3). We calculated odds ratios (OR:s) for ADHD across age for individuals born in November/December compared to January/February (Cohort 1). ADHD symptoms in Cohorts 2 and 3 were studied as a function of calendar birth month. Results: ADHD diagnoses and medication treatment were both significantly more common in individuals born in November/December versus January/February; peaking at ages 6 (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5-2.2) and 7 years (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, respectively. We found no corresponding differences in parent-or self-reported ADHD symptoms by calendar birth month. Conclusion: Relative immaturity compared to class mates might contribute to ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy despite absence of parallel findings in reported ADHD symptom loads by relative immaturity. Increased clinical awareness of this phenomenon may be warranted to decrease risk for imprecise diagnostics and treatment. We speculate that flexibility regarding age at school start according to individual maturity could reduce developmentally inappropriate demands on children and improve the precision of ADHD diagnostic practice and pharmacological treatment. C1 [Halldner, Linda; Tillander, Annika; Lundholm, Cecilia; Boman, Marcus; Langstrom, Niklas; Larsson, Henrik; Lichtenstein, Paul] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. [Halldner, Linda] Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Inst Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, SE-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Halldner, L (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, CAP, Barn & Ungdomspsykiatriskt Forskningsctr, Gavlegatan 22B,Plan 8, SE-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda.halldner@ki.se FU Swedish Research Council [2010-3184]; Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND) FX This study was supported in part from Swedish Research Council (2010-3184) and Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND). The authors declare that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. 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This study investigated social and stress profiles of children with ASD during play. Methods: We utilized a peer interaction paradigm in a natural playground setting with 66 unmedicated, prepubertal, children aged 8-12 years [38 with ASD, 28 with typical development (TD)]. Salivary cortisol was collected before and after a 20-min playground interaction that was divided into periods of free and solicited play facilitated by a confederate child. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, mixed effects models, and Spearman correlations to assess the between-group differences in social and stress functioning, identify stress responders, and explore associations between variables, respectively. Results: There were no differences between the groups during unsolicited free play; however, during solicited play by the confederate, significant differences emerged such that children with ASD engaged in fewer verbal interactions and more self-play than the TD group. Regarding physiological arousal, children with ASD as a group showed relatively higher cortisol in response to social play; however, there was a broad range of responses. Moreover, those with the highest cortisol levels engaged in less social communication. Conclusions: The social interaction of children with ASD can be facilitated by peer solicitation; however, it may be accompanied by increased stress. The children with ASD that have the highest level of cortisol show less social motivation; yet, it is unclear if it reflects an underlying state of heightened arousal or enhanced reactivity to social engagement, or both. C1 [Corbett, Blythe A.; Newsom, Cassandra] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Corbett, Blythe A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Corbett, Blythe A.; Swain, Deanna M.; Newsom, Cassandra; Wang, Lily] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Wang, Lily; Song, Yanna] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Edgerton, Dale] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Corbett, BA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, PMB 40,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM blythe.corbett@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH085717]; National Institute of Child Development Grant [P30 HD15052]; NIH [DK059637, DK020593] FX The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health R01 MH085717 awarded to Blythe Corbett and a National Institute of Child Development Grant P30 HD15052 to Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (VKC). The authors thank Eric Allen (VUMC Hormone Assay and Analytical Services Core, supported by NIH grants DK059637 and DK020593) for validation and completion of the cortisol assays. The authors have declared that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 55 IS 8 BP 924 EP 934 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12184 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AL8JO UT WOS:000339384700010 PM 24329926 ER PT J AU Ausderau, KK Furlong, M Sideris, J Bulluck, J Little, LM Watson, LR Boyd, BA Belger, A Dickie, VA Baranek, GT AF Ausderau, Karla K. Furlong, Melissa Sideris, John Bulluck, John Little, Lauren M. Watson, Linda R. Boyd, Brian A. Belger, Aysenil Dickie, Virginia A. Baranek, Grace T. TI Sensory subtypes in children with autism spectrum disorder: latent profile transition analysis using a national survey of sensory features SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Children; autism; sensory; latent profile transition analysis; subtypes ID DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; EXPERIENCES QUESTIONNAIRE; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; OVER-RESPONSIVITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PATTERNS; INTERVENTIONS; POTENTIALS; PERCEPTION AB Background: Sensory features are highly prevalent and heterogeneous among children with ASD. There is a need to identify homogenous groups of children with ASD based on sensory features (i.e. sensory subtypes) to inform research and treatment. Methods: Sensory subtypes and their stability over 1 year were identified through latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) among a national sample of children with ASD. Data were collected from caregivers of children with ASD ages 2-12 years at two time points (Time 1 N = 1294; Time 2 N = 884). Results: Four sensory subtypes (Mild; Sensitive-Distressed; Attenuated-Preoccupied; Extreme-Mixed) were identified, which were supported by fit indices from the LPTA as well as current theoretical models that inform clinical practice. The Mild and Extreme-Mixed subtypes reflected quantitatively different sensory profiles, while the Sensitive-Distressed and Attenuated-Preoccupied subtypes reflected qualitatively different profiles. Further, subtypes reflected differential child (i.e. gender, developmental age, chronological age, autism severity) and family (i.e. income, mother's education) characteristics. Ninety-one percent of participants remained stable in their subtypes over 1 year. Conclusions: Characterizing the nature of homogenous sensory subtypes may facilitate assessment and intervention, as well as potentially inform biological mechanisms. C1 [Ausderau, Karla K.; Furlong, Melissa; Bulluck, John; Little, Lauren M.; Watson, Linda R.; Boyd, Brian A.; Dickie, Virginia A.; Baranek, Grace T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ausderau, Karla K.] Univ Wisconsin, Occupat Therapy Program, Dept Kinesiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sideris, John] Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Belger, Aysenil] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ausderau, KK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Med Sci Ctr 3195, Dept Kinesiol, Occupat Therapy Program, 1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kausderau@wisc.edu FU National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (ARRA Supplement) [A10-0589, R01-HD42168]; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center Autism Subject Registry at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [P30-HD03110] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (ARRA Supplement A10-0589; R01-HD42168) and The Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center Autism Subject Registry at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P30-HD03110). The authors thank the families that participated in the study as well as the research team at the Sensory Experiences Project. They also thank Aaron Thompson at University of Missouri for sharing his expertise regarding latent profile transition analysis. They thank the Interactive Autism Network (IAN) Project at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Research Registry, and the multiple other autism organizations who assisted in recruitment. All authors have declared that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. CR Allison PD, 2001, MISSING DATA American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012, PEDIATRICS, V129, P1186, DOI [10.1542/peds.2012-0876, DOI 10.1542/PEDS.2012-0876] American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Ausderau K., 2013, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, P1 Baranek G. 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Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 55 IS 8 BP 935 EP 944 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12219 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AL8JO UT WOS:000339384700011 PM 25039572 ER PT J AU Wolff, JJ Botteron, KN Dager, SR Elison, JT Estes, AM Gu, HB Hazlett, HC Pandey, J Paterson, SJ Schultz, RT Zwaigenbaum, L Piven, J AF Wolff, Jason J. Botteron, Kelly N. Dager, Stephen R. Elison, Jed T. Estes, Annette M. Gu, Hongbin Hazlett, Heather C. Pandey, Juhi Paterson, Sarah J. Schultz, Robert T. Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Piven, Joseph CA IBIS Network TI Longitudinal patterns of repetitive behavior in toddlers with autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; repetitive behavior; high-risk siblings ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; STEREOTYPED MOVEMENTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SIBLINGS; INFANTS; AGE; INDIVIDUALS; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; SAMPLE AB Background: Recent evidence suggests that restricted and repetitive behaviors may differentiate children who develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by late infancy. How these core symptoms manifest early in life, particularly among infants at high risk for the disorder, is not well characterized. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal parent-report data (Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised) were collected for 190 high-risk toddlers and 60 low-risk controls from 12 to 24 months of age. Forty-one high-risk children were classified with ASD at age 2. Profiles of repetitive behavior were compared between groups using generalized estimating equations. Results: Longitudinal profiles for children diagnosed with ASD differed significantly from high-and low-risk children without the disorder on all measures of repetitive behavior. High-risk toddlers without ASD were intermediate to low risk and ASD positive counterparts. Toddlers with ASD showed significantly higher rates of repetitive behavior across subtypes at the 12-month time point. Repetitive behaviors were significantly correlated with adaptive behavior and socialization scores among children with ASD at 24 months of age, but were largely unrelated to measures of general cognitive ability. Conclusions: These findings suggest that as early as 12 months of age, a broad range of repetitive behaviors are highly elevated in children who go on to develop ASD. While some degree of repetitive behavior is elemental to typical early development, the extent of these behaviors among children who develop ASD appears highly atypical. C1 [Wolff, Jason J.; Hazlett, Heather C.; Piven, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gu, Hongbin; Hazlett, Heather C.; Piven, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Botteron, Kelly N.] Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO USA. [Dager, Stephen R.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elison, Jed T.] CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Estes, Annette M.] Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pandey, Juhi; Paterson, Sarah J.; Schultz, Robert T.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Wolff, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, CB 3367, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jason.wolff@cidd.unc.edu RI Pike, Bruce/K-5562-2014 OI Pike, Bruce/0000-0001-8924-683X FU NIH [R01-HD055741, HD055741-S1, K01-MN101653, P30-HD03110]; Autism Speaks; Simons Foundation; IBIS Network is an NIH FX This study was supported by grants from NIH (R01-HD055741, HD055741-S1, K01-MN101653, & P30-HD03110), Autism Speaks, and the Simons Foundation. The authors thank 'The Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS) Network' families for participating in this research. IBIS Network is an NIH funded Autism Center of Excellence project and consists of a consortium of seven universities in the United States and Canada. Clinical Sites: University of North Carolina: J. Piven (IBIS Network PI), H. C. Hazlett, J. C. Chappell; University of Washington: S. Dager, A. Estes, D. Shaw; Washington University: K. Botteron, R. McKinstry, J. Constantino, J. Pruett; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: R. Schultz, S. Paterson; University of Alberta: L. Zwaigenbaum; Data Coordinating Center: Montreal Neurological Institute: A. C. Evans, D. L. Collins, G. B. Pike, P. Kostopolous, S. Das; Image Processing Core: University of Utah: G. Gerig; University of North Carolina: M. Styner; Statistical Analysis Core: University of North Carolina: H. Gu; Genetics Analysis Core: University of North Carolina: P. Sullivan, F. Wright. All authors have declared that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. 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M., 2007, REPETITIVE STE UNPUB Wolff JJ, 2013, NEUROPSYCHIATRY-LOND, V3, P209, DOI 10.2217/NPY.13.11 WOLFF PH, 1967, B MENNINGER CLIN, V31, P197 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9630 EI 1469-7610 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 55 IS 8 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12207 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AL8JO UT WOS:000339384700012 PM 24552513 ER PT J AU Godavarthi, SK Sharma, A Jana, NR AF Godavarthi, Swetha K. Sharma, Ankit Jana, Nihar Ranjan TI Reversal of reduced parvalbumin neurons in hippocampus and amygdala of Angelman syndrome model mice by chronic treatment of fluoxetine SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE angelman syndrome; anxiety; chronic stress; fluoxetine; parvalbumin ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE MODEL; INTERNEURONS; EXPRESSION; ANXIETY; DEFICITS; PROTEIN AB Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by autism, intellectual disability and motor disturbances. The disease is primarily caused by the loss of function of maternally inherited UBE3A. Ube3a maternal-deficient mice recapitulates many essential feature of AS. These AS mice have been shown to be under chronic stress and exhibits anxiety-like behaviour because of defective glucocorticoid receptor signalling. Here, we demonstrate that chronic stress in these mice could lead to down-regulation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala from early post-natal days. Down-regulation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons number could be because of decrease in the expression of parvalbumin in these neurons. We also find that treatment with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, results in restoration of impaired glucocorticoid signalling, elevated serum corticosterone level, parvalbumin-positive interneurons and anxiety-like behaviours. Our findings suggest that impaired glucocorticod signalling in hippocampus and amygdala of AS mice is critical for the decrease in parvalbumin interneurons number, emergence of anxiety and other behavioural deficits and highlights the importance of fluoxetine in the recovery of these abnormalities. C1 [Godavarthi, Swetha K.; Sharma, Ankit; Jana, Nihar Ranjan] Natl Brain Res Ctr, Cellular & Mol Neurosci Lab, Manesar, Gurgaon, India. RP Jana, NR (reprint author), Natl Brain Res Ctr, Cellular & Mol Neurosci Lab, Manesar, Gurgaon, India. EM nihar@nbrc.ac.in FU Department of Biotechnology [BT/HRD/34/18/2008] FX This work was supported by the core grant from the Department of Biotechnology to the National Brain Research Centre, Government of India. NRJ is a recipient of National Bioscience Award for Career Development from Department of Biotechnology (BT/HRD/34/18/2008). 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The genetic basis of FXS is an expansion of CGG repeats in the 5 -untranslated region of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome leading to the loss of expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The cause of FXS has been known for over 20 years, yet the full molecular and cellular consequences of this mutation remain unclear. Although mouse and fly models have provided significant understanding of this disorder and its effects on the central nervous system, insight from human studies is limited. We have created human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from fibroblasts obtained from individuals with FXS to enable in vitro modeling of the human disease. Three young boys with FXS who came from a well-characterized cohort representative of the range of affectedness typical for the syndrome were recruited to aid in linking cellular and behavioral phenotypes. The FMR1 mutation is preserved during the reprogramming of patient fibroblasts to iPSCs. Mosaicism of the CGG repeat length in one of the patient's fibroblasts allowed for the generation of isogenic lines with differing CGG repeat lengths from the same patient. FXS forebrain neurons were differentiated from these iPSCs and display defective neurite initiation and extension. These cells provide a well-characterized resource to examine potential neuronal deficits caused by FXS as well as the function of FMRP in human neurons. C1 [Doers, Matthew E.; Musser, Michael T.; Berndt, Erich R.; Zhang, Su-Chun; Abbeduto, Leonard; Bhattacharyya, Anita] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Nichol, Robert; Gomez, Timothy M.; Zhang, Su-Chun] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Neurosci Training Program, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Nichol, Robert; Gomez, Timothy M.; Zhang, Su-Chun] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Baker, Mei] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pediat, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Baker, Mei] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baker, Mei] Newborn Screening Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Zhang, Su-Chun] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Neurol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 623, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM bhattacharyy@waisman.wisc.edu FU National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [UL1TR000427]; FRAXA Research Foundation Grant; NIH [R01 HD054764, R01 NS41564]; Heckrodt Family Foundation Grant; NIH-NICHD [P30 HD03352] FX The authors thank Xinyu Zhao and members of the Waisman Center Fragile X Focus Group for helpful discussions. We thank Xiaoqing Zhang, Jianfeng Lu, and Yingnan Yin in the Waisman Center iPSC core for reprogramming services. We also thank Jason P. Weick for assistance with neuronal differentiation and Anne Antkins and Rebecca Reese for technical assistance. The project was supported by grant UL1TR000427 to the University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research by the National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (A.B.), a FRAXA Research Foundation Grant (A.B.), NIH R01 HD054764 (L.A.) and NIH R01 NS41564 (T.M.G.). This work was also funded in part by a Heckrodt Family Foundation Grant to the Waisman Center and a core grant from the NIH-NICHD (P30 HD03352). 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 3 BP 268 EP 286 DI 10.1111/1467-6427.12008 PG 19 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA AL6YI UT WOS:000339279300005 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Faucett, WA Smith-Packard, B Wagner, M Williams, MS AF Williams, Janet L. Faucett, W. Andrew Smith-Packard, Bethanny Wagner, Monisa Williams, Marc S. TI An Assessment of Time Involved in Pre-test Case Review and Counseling for a Whole Genome Sequencing Clinical Research Program SO JOURNAL OF GENETIC COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE Whole genome sequencing; Time study; Electronic health record; Genetic counseling; Intellectual disability ID EXOME AB Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is being used for evaluation of individuals with undiagnosed disease of suspected genetic origin. Implementing WGS into clinical practice will place an increased burden upon care teams with regard to pre-test patient education and counseling about results. To quantitate the time needed for appropriate pre-test evaluation of participants in WGS testing, we documented the time spent by our clinical research group on various activities related to program preparation, participant screening, and consent prior to WGS. Participants were children or young adults with autism, intellectual or developmental disability, and/or congenital anomalies, who have remained undiagnosed despite previous evaluation, and their biologic parents. Results showed that significant time was spent in securing allocation of clinical research space to counsel participants and families, and in acquisition and review of participant's medical records. Pre-enrollment chart review identified two individuals with existing diagnoses resulting in savings of $30,000 for the genome sequencing alone, as well as saving hours of personnel time for genome interpretation and communication of WGS results. New WGS programs should plan for costs associated with additional pre-test administrative planning and patient evaluation time that will be required to provide high quality care. C1 [Williams, Janet L.; Faucett, W. Andrew; Smith-Packard, Bethanny; Wagner, Monisa; Williams, Marc S.] Geisinger Hlth Syst, Genom Med Inst, Danville, PA 17822 USA. RP Williams, JL (reprint author), Geisinger Hlth Syst, Genom Med Inst, 100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17822 USA. EM jlwilliams3@geisinger.edu FU IRB approved program "Whole Genome Sequencing for Undiagnosed Children" FX This work was funded with internal Geisinger Health System research funding for the IRB approved program "Whole Genome Sequencing for Undiagnosed Children." We are grateful for the vision articulated by David Ledbetter, W. Andrew Faucett, and Judith Argon in challenging the leadership to fund exploratory use of WGS. We would like to thank the genome workgroup and the program oversight committee for their invaluable contribution. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1177/0022466912474101 PG 14 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AL2AJ UT WOS:000338927900002 ER PT J AU Regan, K Berkeley, S Hughes, M Kirby, S AF Regan, Kelley Berkeley, Sheri Hughes, Melissa Kirby, Suzanne TI Effects of Computer-Assisted Instruction for Struggling Elementary Readers With Disabilities SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE computer-assisted instruction; word recognition; reading; direct instruction ID LEARNING-DISABILITIES; READING-ACHIEVEMENT; STUDENTS; TECHNOLOGY; INTERVENTIONS; COMPREHENSION; FLUENCY; AUTISM; SKILLS; RISK AB Despite a lack of conclusive evidence, many researchers in the field view computer-assisted instruction (CAI) as an opportunity for improved instruction for students with disabilities. This study examined the effects of a CAI program, Lexia Strategies for Older Students (SOS) T on the word recognition skills of four, upper elementary students with mild disabilities. This study used a multiple-probe design across three targeted reading skill conditions per student. Findings revealed that some students were able to meet mastery of basic word reading skills with Lexia SOS alone, while others needed additional direct instruction. Student perceptions of Lexia SOS were positive. Results have particular implications for instruction in classrooms beyond the primary grades (K-3) when the focus of the curriculum shifts away from basic decoding instruction. Directions for future research are discussed. C1 [Regan, Kelley; Berkeley, Sheri; Hughes, Melissa; Kirby, Suzanne] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Regan, K (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Finley Bldg,Room 213,4400 Univ Dr,MS 1F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. 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O., 2005, J SPECIAL ED TECHNOL, V20, P5 Walker A., 2008, READING PSYCHOL, V29, P266, DOI 10.1080/02702710801982019 Wanzek J, 2010, READ WRIT, V23, P889, DOI 10.1007/s11145-009-9179-5 Wells J., 2006, INTERNET ACCESS US P What Works Clearinghouse, 2009, LEX READ NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-4669 EI 1538-4764 J9 J SPEC EDUC JI J. Spec. Educ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 106 EP 119 DI 10.1177/0022466913497261 PG 14 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AL2AJ UT WOS:000338927900003 ER PT J AU Becker, JAJ Clesse, D Spiegelhalter, C Schwab, Y Le Merrer, J Kieffer, BL AF Becker, Jerome A. J. Clesse, Daniel Spiegelhalter, Coralie Schwab, Yannick Le Merrer, Julie Kieffer, Brigitte L. TI Autistic-Like Syndrome in Mu Opioid Receptor Null Mice is Relieved by Facilitated mGluR4 Activity SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL REJECTION; BASAL GANGLIA; GENE OPRM1; REWARD; BEHAVIOR; MOUSE; CHILDREN; OXYTOCIN AB The etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) remains largely unknown. Identifying vulnerability genes for autism represents a major challenge in the field and allows the development of animal models for translational research. Mice lacking the mu opioid receptor gene (Oprm1(-/-)) were recently proposed as a monogenic mouse model of autism, based on severe deficits in social behavior and communication skills. We confirm this hypothesis by showing that adult Oprm1(-/-) animals recapitulate core and multiple comorbid behavioral symptoms of autism and also display anatomical, neurochemical, and genetic landmarks of the disease. Chronic facilitation of mGluR4 signaling, which we identified as a novel pharmacological target in ASDs in these mice, was more efficient in alleviating behavioral deficits than the reference molecule risperidone. Altogether, our data provide first evidence that disrupted mu opioid receptor signaling is sufficient to trigger a comprehensive autistic syndrome, maybe through blunted social reward processes, and this mouse model opens promising avenues for therapeutic innovation. C1 [Becker, Jerome A. J.; Le Merrer, Julie; Kieffer, Brigitte L.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM,UMR 7104,U 964, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire,Dept Med Trans, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Clesse, Daniel] CNRS, Inst Neurosci Cellulaires & Integrat, Dept Neurobiol Rythmes, UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France. [Spiegelhalter, Coralie; Schwab, Yannick] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Imaging Ctr,U 964, INSERM,Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire,UMR 710, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. RP Kieffer, BL (reprint author), Inst Biol Mol & Cellulaire, Dept Neuro Biol & Genet, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM briki@igbmc.fr FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM); Universite de Strasbourg; Fondation Universite de Strasbourg - Pierre Fabre Laboratories; National Institutes of Health (NIAAA) [16658]; National Institutes of Health (NIDA) [005010] FX This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), and Universite de Strasbourg. JLM acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship from the Fondation Universite de Strasbourg, generously funded by Pierre Fabre Laboratories. We thank the National Institutes of Health (NIAAA no. 16658 and NIDA no. 005010) for financial support. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 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PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0893-133X EI 1740-634X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2049 EP 2060 DI 10.1038/npp.2014.59 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA AL5ML UT WOS:000339177800002 PM 24619243 ER PT J AU Scheele, D Kendrick, KM Khouri, C Kretzer, E Schlafer, TE Stoffel-Wagner, B Gunturkun, O Maier, W Hurlemann, R AF Scheele, Dirk Kendrick, Keith M. Khouri, Christoph Kretzer, Elisa Schlaefer, Thomas E. Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit Guentuerkuen, Onur Maier, Wolfgang Hurlemann, Rene TI An Oxytocin-Induced Facilitation of Neural and Emotional Responses to Social Touch Correlates Inversely with Autism Traits SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CINGULATE CORTEX; PLASMA OXYTOCIN; INSULAR CORTEX; REWARD SYSTEM; HUMAN BRAIN; PLEASANT; HUMANS; EXPOSURE; MALES AB Social communication through touch and mutual grooming can convey highly salient socio-emotional signals and has been shown to involve the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) in several species. Less is known about the modulatory influence of OXT on the neural and emotional responses to human interpersonal touch. The present randomized placebo (PLC)-controlled within-subject pharmaco-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was designed to test the hypothesis that a single intranasal dose of synthetic OXT (24 IU) would facilitate both neural and emotional responses to interpersonal touch in a context-(female vs male touch) and trait( autistic trait load) specific manner. Specifically, the experimental rationale was to manipulate the reward value of interpersonal touch independent of the intensity and type of actual cutaneous stimulation administered. Thus, 40 heterosexual males believed that they were touched by either a man or a woman, although in fact an identical pattern of touch was always given by the same female experimenter blind to condition type. Our results show that OXT increased the perceived pleasantness of female, but not male touch, and associated neural responses in insula, precuneus, orbitofrontal, and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, the behavioral and neural effects of OXT were negatively correlated with autistic-like traits. Taken together, this is the first study to show that the perceived hedonic value of human heterosexual interpersonal touch is facilitated by OXT in men, but that its behavioral and neural effects in this context are blunted in individuals with autistic traits. C1 [Scheele, Dirk; Khouri, Christoph; Kretzer, Elisa; Schlaefer, Thomas E.; Maier, Wolfgang; Hurlemann, Rene] Univ Bonn, Dept Psychiat, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. [Scheele, Dirk; Khouri, Christoph; Kretzer, Elisa; Hurlemann, Rene] Univ Bonn, Div Med Psychol, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. [Kendrick, Keith M.] UESTC, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Key Lab Neuroinformat, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Schlaefer, Thomas E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schlaefer, Thomas E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit] Univ Bonn, Dept Clin Chem & Clin Pharmacol, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. 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Zhang, Fengyu Decot, Heather Weinberger, Daniel R. Law, Amanda J. TI Identification of Candidate Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in NRXN1 Related to Antipsychotic Treatment Response in Patients with Schizophrenia SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS; CLOZAPINE RESPONSE; GENETIC-VARIATION; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; ASSOCIATION; DELETIONS; DISORDERS; PHARMACOGENETICS; RECEPTORS AB Neurexins are presynaptic neuronal adhesion molecules that interact with postsynaptic neuroligins to form an inter-synaptic complex required for synaptic specification and efficient neurotransmission. Deletions and point mutations in the neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene are associated with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, intellectual disability, epilepsy, developmental delay, and schizophrenia. Recently, small nucleotide polymorphisms in NRXN1 have been associated with antipsychotic drug response in patients with schizophrenia. Based on previous suggestive evidence of an impact on clozapine response in patients with schizophrenia, we conducted an association study of NRXN1 polymorphisms (rs12467557 and rs10490162) with antipsychotic treatment response in 54 patients with schizophrenia in a double blind, placebo-controlled NIMH inpatient crossover trial and examined for association with risk for schizophrenia in independent case-control and family-based clinical cohorts. Pharmacogenetic analysis in the placebo controlled trial revealed significant association of rs12467557and rs10490162 with drug response, whereby individuals homozygous for the A allele, at either SNP, showed significant improvement in positive symptoms, general psychopathology, thought disturbance, and negative symptoms, whereas patients carrying the G allele showed no overall response. Although we did not find evidence of the same NRXN1 SNPs being associated with results of the NIMH sponsored CATIE trial, other SNPs showed weakly positive signals. The family and case-control analyses for schizophrenia risk were negative. Our results provide confirmatory evidence of genetically determined differences in drug response in patients with schizophrenia related to NRXN1 variation. Furthermore, these findings potentially implicate NRXN1 in the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs. C1 [Jenkins, Aaron; Apud, Jose A.; Decot, Heather] NIMH, Clin Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognit & Psychosis Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jenkins, Aaron] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Lexington, KY USA. [Zhang, Fengyu; Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Lieber Inst Brain Dev, Baltimore, MD USA. [Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, Amanda J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Weinberger, Daniel R.; Law, Amanda J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Sch Med, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Law, AJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Mailstop 8344,RC1 North,RM 8101, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM amanda.law@ucdenver.edu FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by funds from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health. We thank Bhaskar Kolachana for genotyping of the NIMH samples. 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TI The involvement of serotonin polymorphisms in autistic spectrum symptomatology SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ASD; cognitive impairment; 5-HT2A; 5-HT2B; 5-HT4; 5-HT6; serotonin ID 5-HT2A RECEPTOR-BINDING; EPISODIC MEMORY; DISORDERS; ASSOCIATION; COMMUNICATION; VARIANTS; SYSTEM AB Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly inherited developmental syndromes, resulting from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. To date, only a limited number of genetic variants have been discovered with respect to autism, and their contribution to the development of the disorder has not been clearly determined. Investigation of specific autistic symptomatology may improve the chances of identifying related genes and may help to better understand these disorders. Materials and methods We investigated the contribution of 80 genetic variants in 15 serotonin genes to ASD phenotypes [intelligence quotation (IQ), intellectual disability (ID) and language onset delay (LD)] in a cohort of 141 children and young adults (121 male patients and 20 female patients, average age 14.5 +/- 5.1 years). Results Two polymorphisms in the HTR2B gene, rs10194776 and rs16827801, were associated with IQ (P = 0.0004 and 0.003, respectively), ID (P = 0.02 and 0.03) and LD (P = 0.04 and 0.004). Nominal associations were also detected between the ASD phenotypes investigated and 5-HT2A, 5-HT4 and 5-HT6 genetic variants. Conclusion Our study provides evidence of the contribution of serotonergic variants to IQ, ID and LD in ASD patients. (C) 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Hervas, Amaia; Romaris, Patricia; Salgado, Marta; Balmana, Noemi; Guijarro, Silvina] Univ Barcelona, Dept Child Psychiat, Barcelona 08221, Spain. [Cormand, Bru; Arranz, Maria J.] Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona 08221, Spain. [Toma, Claudio] Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, Barcelona 08221, Spain. [Cormand, Bru] IBUB, Barcelona, Spain. [Toma, Claudio; Cormand, Bru] Vall dHebron Res Inst VHIR, Biomed Network Res Ctr Rare Dis CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain. [Ribases, Marta] Vall dHebron Res Inst VHIR, Psychiat Genet Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Bayes, Monica] Hosp St Joan de Deu, CNAG, Barcelona, Spain. [Maristany, Marta] Hosp St Joan de Deu, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain. [Arranz, Maria J.] Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain. [Arranz, Maria J.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Neurosci, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Arranz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, C St Antoni 19, Barcelona 08221, Spain. EM maria.arranz@kcl.ac.uk RI Toma, Claudio/L-7853-2014 OI Toma, Claudio/0000-0003-3901-7507 FU Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; European Union [PIEF-GA-2009-254930]; Fundacio La Marato de TV3 [092010]; Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz; Minsterio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain [SAF2012-33484]; Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR [2009SGR00971] FX M.R. is a recipient of a Miguel de Servet contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain' and C.T. was supported by the European Union (Marie Curie, PIEF-GA-2009-254930). Financial support was received from 'Fundacio La Marato de TV3' (092010), 'Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz', 'Minsterio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain' (SAF2012-33484) and 'Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR' (2009SGR00971). 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Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000034 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL2BM UT WOS:000338930800003 PM 24887447 ER PT J AU Baghdadli, A Pry, R Michelon, C Rattaz, C AF Baghdadli, Amaria Pry, Rene Michelon, Cecile Rattaz, Cecile TI Impact of autism in adolescents on parental quality of life SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Parental quality of life; Autism spectrum disorders; Risk factors; Adolescents; Cohort ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; STRESS; INTERVENTION; CAREGIVERS; PROGRAM; DISEASE; ADULTS; AGE AB To study the impact of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) on parental quality of life (QoL) at adolescence using the parental-developmental disorders-quality of life scale (Par-DD-QoL). One hundred and fifty-two mothers of adolescents with ASD completed Par-DD-QoL. This scale assesses the following dimensions: emotional, daily disturbance and global QoL. This cross-sectional study uses a subset of data collected at the final time of a follow-up study (EpiTED cohort). A polytomic regression identified an increase in aberrant behavior scores as the major independent risk factor for parental QoL. The identified protective factors were the increase in daily living, communication and object cognition scores and a higher number of siblings. Those results suggest that there is a negative effect of externalizing behaviors and a protective effect of adaptive skills, communication and object cognition on parental QoL. Study limitations and implications are discussed. C1 [Baghdadli, Amaria; Pry, Rene; Michelon, Cecile; Rattaz, Cecile] CHRU Montpellier, Ctr Ressources Autisme, F-34295 Montpellier 05, France. [Baghdadli, Amaria; Pry, Rene; Michelon, Cecile; Rattaz, Cecile] Univ Montpellier, EA 4556, Lab Epsylon, F-34000 Montpellier, France. RP Baghdadli, A (reprint author), CHRU Montpellier, Ctr Ressources Autisme, 39 Ave Charles Flahaut, F-34295 Montpellier 05, France. EM cent-ress-autisme@chu-montpellier.fr FU Orange Foundation; PHRC FX This study was supported by a grant from the Orange Foundation and the PHRC 1997 and 2007. We are extremely grateful to all the teenagers and their families who took part in this study, and the whole EpiTED Team. CR Allik H, 2006, HEALTH QUAL LIFE OUT, V4, DOI 10.1186/1477-7525-4-1 Altiere MJ, 2009, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V34, P142, DOI 10.1080/13668250902845202 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 (APA) APA, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bachmann C. 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S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP Lecavalier L, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P172, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x Lee GK, 2009, FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS, V24, P227, DOI 10.1177/1088357609347371 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Meltzer EO, 2001, J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN, V108, pS45, DOI 10.1067/mai.2001.115566 Montes Guillermo, 2009, Pediatrics, V124 Suppl 4, pS407, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-1255L Mugno D, 2007, HEALTH QUAL LIFE OUT, V5, DOI 10.1186/1477-7525-5-22 Olsson MB, 2008, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V52, P1102, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01081.x Orsmond GI, 2006, AM J MENT RETARD, V111, P121, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[121:MRQAAA]2.0.CO;2 Ozonoff S, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P25, DOI 10.1023/A:1026006818310 Parish SL, 2004, MENT RETARD, V42, P413, DOI 10.1352/0047-6765(2004)42<413:EIOCAM>2.0.CO;2 Preece D, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P374, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0174-2 Rattaz C, 2014, AUTISM, V18, P185, DOI 10.1177/1362361312460952 Raysse P., 2011, THESIS U MONTPELLIER Schieve LA, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V119, pS114, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089Q Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Seibert J. M., 1982, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V3, P244, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(198224)3:4<244::AID-IMHJ2280030406>3.0.CO;2-R Shulman B. B., 1985, TEST PRAGMATIC SKILL Spann S. J., 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V18, P228, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576030180040401 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Tunali B, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P25, DOI 10.1023/A:1017999906420 Whittingham K, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P364, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.003 World Health Organisation, 1993, WHO ICD 10 CLASS MEN Yirmiya N, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P69, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00334.x NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-9343 EI 1573-2649 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1859 EP 1868 DI 10.1007/s11136-014-0635-6 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AL6YU UT WOS:000339280700019 PM 24504623 ER PT J AU Domellof, E Hedlund, L Odman, P AF Domellof, Erik Hedlund, Ludmilla Odman, Pia TI Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with functional disabilities in a northern Swedish county SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Children; Disability; Health-related quality of life; EQ-5D-Y ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; EQ-5D; DETERMINANTS AB Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) studies in children and adolescents with disabilities tend to report lower self-reported health than in the typical population. However, reports are not always consistent and HRQoL appears to vary depending on diagnosis, cultural setting and clinical context. The aim of this study was to explore HRQoL in children and adolescents with various disabilities in Vasterbotten County, Sweden. A total of 175 children and adolescents [57 girls, 118 boys; mean age 11.7 years (range 7-17 years)] divided into four different diagnostic groups (intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, movement disorders and hearing disabilities) participated in the study. The EuroQol Five Dimensions Health Questionnaire, Youth version (EQ-5D-Y) was used as HRQoL measure. Significant differences in various EQ-5D-Y dimensions between the different diagnostic groups were found, but no differences in overall health status. HRQoL in children and adolescents with hearing disabilities was found similar to the typical child population in Sweden whereas children and adolescents with other diagnoses reported evidently more problems. Findings suggest that there is an increased risk for children with functional disabilities other than hearing disabilities in northern Sweden to experience difficulties in various health domains and lowered general health. C1 [Domellof, Erik; Hedlund, Ludmilla] Umea Univ, Dept Psychol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Domellof, Erik] Kolbacken Child Rehabil Ctr, Umea, Sweden. [Odman, Pia] Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Linkoping, Sweden. RP Domellof, E (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Psychol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM erik.domellof@psy.umu.se FU Umea University FX This study was supported by a young researcher award from Umea University to the first author. We thank the children and their families for participating. 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TI Development of a Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting for Children with Autism (VIPP-AUTI) SO ATTACHMENT & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE autism; sensitive parenting; parent-child interaction; early intervention; video-feedback ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; JOINT ATTENTION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ATTACHMENT; PREVALENCE; COMMUNICATION AB In this paper we describe the development and content of Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting for Children with Autism (VIPP-AUTI). VIPP-AUTI is an adapted version of the evidence-based intervention VIPP. The lack of social responsiveness in children with autism often lowers the quality of the parent-child interaction. A wide range of early interventions exist to cope with the disorder. The majority of early interventions for children with autism focus on their deficits of (social) skills, but the number of evidence-based interventions to improve early parent-child interaction patterns is limited. The aim of VIPP-AUTI is to enhance parental sensitivity to children's autistic characteristics, in order to improve child developmental outcome by increased parental support. C1 [Poslawsky, Irina E.; De Jonge, Maretha V.; Van Engeland, Herman] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Div Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Naber, Fabienne B. A.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.] Leiden Univ, Ctr Child & Family Studies, Leiden, Netherlands. [Naber, Fabienne B. A.] Erasmus Univ, Sch Pedag & Educ Sci, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Poslawsky, IE (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Div Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Hum. Dev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1080/14616734.2014.912487 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AK9CS UT WOS:000338725700004 PM 24972103 ER PT J AU Miyachi, T Nakai, A Tani, I Ohnishi, M Nakajima, S Tsuchiya, KJ Matsumoto, K Tsujii, M AF Miyachi, Taishi Nakai, Akio Tani, Iori Ohnishi, Masafumi Nakajima, Shunji Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Matsumoto, Kaori Tsujii, Masatsugu TI Evaluation of Motor Coordination in Boys with High-Functioning Pervasive Developmental Disorder Using the Japanese Version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE High-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (HFPDD); Developmental coordination disorder (DCD); Developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCDQ); Motor coordination dysfunction; Autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R); Questionnaire ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; CLUMSINESS; METAANALYSIS; IMPAIRMENTS; ADOLESCENTS; PERCEPTIONS; RELIABILITY AB Children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (HFPDD) often have motor coordination dysfunction. However, there is no assessment tool for screening developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in Japan, which makes it difficult to evaluate the actual motor impairments of children with HFPDD. We evaluated the motor coordination function of 54 school-age boys with HFPDD using the Japanese version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-J). We subsequently assessed the relationship between DCDQ-J scores and the results of the Japanese version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) of 48 boys. The total and subscale DCDQ-J scores of the boys with HFPDD were significantly lower than the population means in the same grade: 37.0 % were below 2 standard deviations for the total score, 38.9 % for control during movement, 26.0 % for fine motor/handwriting, and 37.0 % for general coordination. Furthermore, the scores of Qualitative Abnormalities in Communication in the ADI-R were negatively correlated with control during movement, fine motor/handwriting, and total scores in the DCDQ-J. This study is the first to show Japanese children with HFPDD frequently exhibit considerably poor motor coordination according to the DCDQ-J. The screening or assessment of motor dysfunction in HFPDD using assessment tools such as the DCDQ could aid the development of interventions for these underestimated problems in Japan. C1 [Miyachi, Taishi] Nagoya Cent Rehabil Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Nakai, Akio] Hyogo Childrens Sleep & Dev Med Res Ctr, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512181, Japan. [Tani, Iori] Tokai Gakuen Univ, Sch Humanities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Ohnishi, Masafumi] Univ Fukui, Fac Educ & Reg Studies, Fukui 910, Japan. [Nakajima, Shunji; Tsuchiya, Kenji J.; Matsumoto, Kaori] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s10882-014-9377-1 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AK9XZ UT WOS:000338783200003 ER PT J AU Meadan, H Stoner, JB Angell, ME Daczewitz, ME Cheema, J Rugutt, JK AF Meadan, Hedda Stoner, Julia B. Angell, Maureen E. Daczewitz, Marcus E. Cheema, Jehanzeb Rugutt, John K. TI Do You See a Difference? Evaluating Outcomes of a Parent-Implemented Intervention SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Social validity; Social-communication skills; Parent-implemented intervention ID SOCIAL VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; VALIDATION; LANGUAGE; AUTISM AB The Parent-Implemented Communication Strategies (PiCS) project resulted in the development of an intervention package aimed at enhancing the social communication skills of young children with disabilities and limited expressive language. While the outcomes of the PiCS project seem to be positive, a thorough and comprehensive assessment of social validity was warranted. Wolf (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 203-214, 1978) contended that interventions should be assessed not only for effectiveness but also for social validity. This study of social validity addressed the question, "Was the PiCS project socially valid from an expert perspective?" Our expert evaluators were recruited from three groups: (a) parents of young children with disabilities, (b) early childhood special education teachers, and (c) speech language pathologists who worked with young children with disabilities. Each evaluator viewed video clips of parent-child interactions from pre- and post-intervention sessions, in random order, and completed a questionnaire about parent and child behaviors. The overall findings provided support for the social validity of the PiCS project. 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TI Teaching Parents of Children with Autism to Evaluate Interventions SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Evaluation; Autism; Parent education; Empirically validated interventions; Complementary and alternative interventions; Evidenced based practices ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMPLEMENTARY; STRESS; PERCEPTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; EDUCATION; FAMILIES; SPEECH AB Children with autism are participating in a variety of interventions that are believed to be effective by their parents; however, a majority of these interventions are not empirically supported. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a parent education program to teach parents of children with autism to evaluate their child's interventions. Parents' acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of evaluation behaviors were examined. 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Dedeoglu, Ceyda Kalaca, Sibel Yazgan, Yanki TI A Cross-Sectional Survey of Repetitive Behaviors and Restricted Interests in A Typically Developing Turkish Child Population SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Compulsive-like behavior; Ritualistic behavior; Repetitive behavior; Restricted interest; Childhood Routines Inventory ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RITUALS; SYMPTOMS; INFANTS; ASSOCIATION; INSIGHTS; PHOBIAS; NUMBER AB This study examined compulsive-like behaviors (CLBs) which are higher-order types of Repetitive Behaviors And Restricted Interests (RBRIs) in typically developing children in Turkey. Caregivers of 1,204 children between 8 and 72 months were interviewed with Childhood Routines Inventory (CRI) by trained interviewers in a cross-sectional survey. Factor analysis of the CRI revealed two factor structures comprising "just right behaviors" and "repetitive/sensory sensitivity behaviors". CLB frequency peaked at 2-4 years with declines after age four. In contrast to the previous CRI studies reporting no gender difference, CLBs were more common in males in 12-23 and 48-59 month age groups on both total CLB frequency and repetitive/sensory sensitivity behaviors. Also ages of onsets for CRI items were somewhat later than reported in other samples. Our findings supported the findings of the previous CRI studies while also revealing new perspectives in need of further investigation. C1 [Cevikaslan, Ahmet; Yazgan, Yanki] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Istanbul, Turkey. [Evans, David W.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Psychol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Evans, David W.] Geisinger Bucknell Autism & Dev Med Ctr, Lewisburg, PA USA. [Dedeoglu, Ceyda] Bogazici Univ, Dept Psychol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Kalaca, Sibel] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Dept, Istanbul, Turkey. [Yazgan, Yanki] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP Yazgan, Y (reprint author), Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Gullu Sokak,4,Ic Levent, Istanbul, Turkey. 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TI VMI-VI and BG-II KOPPITZ-2 for Youth With HFASDs and Typical Youth SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE motor skills; visual-motor; Bender-Gestalt-II; KOPPITZ-2; Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration-6th ed.; high-functioning autism spectrum disorders ID BENDER-GESTALT-II; MOTOR; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; ADJUSTMENT AB The visual-motor skills of 90 youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASDs) and 51 typically developing (TD) youth were assessed using the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Sixth Edition (VMI-VI) and Koppitz Developmental Scoring System for the Bender-Gestalt Test-Second Edition (KOPPITZ-2). Within-group comparisons (for both samples) yielded substantive mean differences between the KOPPITZ-2 composite and VMI-VI composite, Visual Perception and Motor Coordination sections of the VMI-VI, and VMI-VI composite and either VMI-VI supplemental tests. Between-group differences were assessed in a matched subsample of 33 participants from each group. The HFASD group scored significantly lower than the TD group on test sections requiring greater motor ability (i.e., VMI-VI composite, VMI-VI Motor Coordination, KOPPITZ-2 composite, and Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor Test-Second Edition [BG-II]). Correlations between the KOPPITZ-2 composite and VMI-VI composite were .56 for the HFASD and .36 for the TD samples. C1 [McDonald, Christin A.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Columbus, OH USA. [Volker, Martin A.; Lee, Gloria K.; Lipinski, Alanna M.; Dua, Elissa H.; Bain, Fabienne; Nelson, Andrew T.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lopata, Christopher; Thomeer, Marcus L.] Canisius Coll, Buffalo, NY 14208 USA. [Toomey, Jennifer A.; Schiavo, Audrey M.] Summit Educ Resources, Getzville, NY USA. RP McDonald, CA (reprint author), Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, 187 W Schrock Rd, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. 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TI Learning by observation in children with autism spectrum disorder SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; imitation; observational learning; sequential learning ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; WORKING-MEMORY; IMITATION IMPAIRMENTS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; COGNITIVE CONTROL; SOCIAL COGNITION; BASAL GANGLIA; MOTOR; DYSFUNCTION; FMRI AB Background. Observing another person performing a complex action accelerates the observer's acquisition of the same action and limits the time-consuming process of learning by trial and error. Learning by observation requires specific skills such as attending, imitating and understanding contingencies. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit deficits in these skills. Method. The performance of 20 ASD children was compared with that of a group of typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological age (CA), IQ and gender on tasks of learning of a visuomotor sequence by observation or by trial and error. Acquiring the correct sequence involved three phases: a detection phase (DP), in which participants discovered the correct sequence and learned how to perform the task; an exercise phase (EP), in which they reproduced the sequence until performance was error free; and an automatization phase (AP), in which by repeating the error-free sequence they became accurate and speedy. Results. In the DP, ASD children were impaired in detecting a sequence by trial and error only when the task was proposed as first, whereas they were as efficient as TD children in detecting a sequence by observation. In the EP, ASD children were as efficient as TD children. In the AP, ASD children were impaired in automatizing the sequence. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2437 EP 2447 DI 10.1017/S003329171300322X PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AK1TL UT WOS:000338199200018 ER PT J AU Hollocks, MJ Howlin, P Papadopoulos, AS Khondoker, M Simonoff, E AF Hollocks, Matthew J. Howlin, Patricia Papadopoulos, Andrew S. Khondoker, Mizanur Simonoff, Emily TI Differences in HPA-axis and heart rate responsiveness to psychosocial stress in children with autism spectrum disorders with and without co-morbid anxiety SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; Cortisol; Developmental disorders; Emotion; Mood disorders ID SALIVARY CORTISOL-LEVELS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; SOCIAL PHOBIA; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; AUTONOMIC FLEXIBILITY; REACTIVITY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have much higher rates of anxiety disorders relative to their typically developing peers. However, there have been few attempts to investigate what physiological parameters may be associated with this elevated rate of anxiety. Therefore, this study investigated the physiological correlates of anxiety in ASD, with a focus on whether measures of heart rate and cortisol responsiveness to psychosocial stress differentiate those participants with ASD with and without a co-occurring anxiety disorder. A total of 75 male participants aged 10-16 years with normal intellectual ability underwent a psychosocial stress test. The participants included healthy controls (n = 23), ASD only (ASD; n = 20) and ASD with a comorbid anxiety disorder (ASDanx; n = 32). Heart rate, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol were compared by fitting a piecewise regression model to examine baseline levels and change over time within and between the rest, stress and recovery phases of the stress test. The ASDanx group had different response patterns from both the ASD and control groups. The ASDanx group was characterized by a blunted cortisol and heart rate response to psychosocial stress. Furthermore, in the ASDanx group, reduced heart rate and cortisol responsiveness were significantly related to increased anxiety symptoms. This is the first study to report a possible physiological basis for co-occurring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with ASD. It is possible that a non-adaptive physiological response to psychosocial stress may be related to the high prevalence of co-occurring anxiety disorders in people with ASD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hollocks, Matthew J.; Simonoff, Emily] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London SE5 8AF, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. [Papadopoulos, Andrew S.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol Med, London SE5 8AF, England. [Khondoker, Mizanur] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Simonoff, Emily] Biomed Res Ctr Mental Hlth, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Hollocks, MJ (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, POB 85,16 De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM matthew.hollocks@kcl.ac.uk RI Khondoker, Mizanur/A-9860-2011 FU Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) in Mental Health [PCCKASA]; South London and Maudsley Charitable Funds FX This project was supported by the Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) in Mental Health, code: PCCKASA.Funding for equipment and saliva analyses was provided by a grant from the South London and Maudsley Charitable Funds. 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Townsend, J. Trauner, D. TI Dyspraxia, motor function and visual-motor integration in autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Dyspraxia; Motor; Visual-motor integration; Eye movement; Cerebellum ID DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BASAL GANGLIA; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INTERNAL-MODELS; EYE-MOVEMENTS; CEREBELLUM AB This project assessed dyspraxia in high-functioning school aged children with autism with a focus on Ideational Praxis. We examined the association of specific underlying motor function including eye movement with ideational dyspraxia (sequences of skilled movements) as well as the possible role of visual-motor integration in dyspraxia. We found that compared to IQ-, sex- and age-matched typically developing children, the children with autism performed significantly worse on: Ideational and Buccofacial praxis; a broad range of motor tests, including measures of simple motor skill, timing and accuracy of saccadic eye movements and motor coordination; and tests of visual-motor integration. Impairments in individual children with autism were heterogeneous in nature, although when we examined the praxis data as a function of a qualitative measure representing motor timing, we found that children with poor motor timing performed worse on all praxis categories and had slower and less accurate eye movements while those with regular timing performed as well as typical children on those same tasks. Our data provide evidence that both motor function and visual-motor integration contribute to dyspraxia. We suggest that dyspraxia in autism involves cerebellar mechanisms of movement control and the integration of these mechanisms with cortical networks implicated in praxis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chukoskie, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zinni, M.; Townsend, J.; Trauner, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Townsend, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC-0959, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jtownsend@ucsd.edu FU NIH [2 T35 HL 7491-31]; NINDS [P50-NS22343, R21-NS070296]; NSF [SMA 1041755] FX This study was funded by the NIH 2 T35 HL 7491-31 (MM), NINDS P50-NS22343 (DT), NINDS R21-NS070296 (JT) and NSF SMA 1041755 TDLC Science of Learning Center (LC). Tyler Brocklehurst (Institute for Neural Computation, UCSD) and Carin Rojas (School of Medicine, Northwestern University) who served as trained raters scoring praxis videos. 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Brain Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 269 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.011 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AJ7GY UT WOS:000337866400014 PM 24742861 ER PT J AU Zhang-James, Y Yang, L Middleton, FA Yang, LN Patak, J Faraone, SV AF Zhang-James, Yanli Yang, Li Middleton, Frank A. Yang, Lina Patak, Jameson Faraone, Stephen V. TI Autism-related behavioral phenotypes in an inbred rat substrain SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WKY; Substrain; Social interaction; Ultrasonic vocalization; Inbred rat ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RAT; MICE MUS-MUSCULUS; ANIMAL-MODEL; ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RODENT MODELS; WKY RATS; CHILDREN; DEPRESSION; ATTENTION AB Behavioral and genetic differences among Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats from different vendors and different breeders have long been observed, but generally overlooked. In our prior work, we found that two closely related WKY substrains, the WKY/NCrl and WKY/NHsd rats, differ in a small percentage of their genome which appeared to be highly enriched for autism risk genes. Although both substrains have been used widely in studies of hypertension, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression, they have not been tested for any autism-related behavioral phenotypes. Furthermore, these two substrains have often been used interchangeably in previous studies; no study has systematically examined the phenotypic differences that could be attributed by their small yet potentially meaningful genetic differences. In this paper we compared these two substrains on a battery of neurobehavioral tests. Although two substrains were similar in locomotor activity, WKY/NCrl rats were significantly different from WKY/NHsd rats in the elevated plus maze test, as well as measures of social interaction and ultrasonic vocalization. These strains were also compared with Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, a common outbred strain, and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), an inbred rat model for ADHD and hypertension, which were derived from the same ancestor strain as the WKY strains. Our behavioral findings suggest that WKY/NCrl rats may be useful as a model autism spectrum disorders due to their lower social interest, lower ultrasonic vocalization and higher anxiety levels when WKY/NHsd rats are used as the control strain. Given the small genetic difference between the two inbred substrains, future studies to identify the exact gene and sequence variants that differ between the two may be useful for identifying the genetic mechanisms underlying these behaviors. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang-James, Yanli; Middleton, Frank A.; Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Middleton, Frank A.; Yang, Lina; Patak, Jameson; Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Yang, Li] Peking Univ, Hosp 6, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Faraone, SV (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM Zhangy@upstate.edu; yangli_pkuimh@bjmu.edu.cn; middletf@upstate.edu; yanglin@upstate.edu; patakj@upstate.edu; sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org FU NIH [R01MH066877]; NARSAD Young Investigator Award FX We thank Dr. Valerie Bolivar for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by NIH Grant R01MH066877 to Dr. Stephen Faraone and a NARSAD Young Investigator Award to Dr. Yanli Zhang-James. 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Background: FC involves a therapist (or facilitator) supporting the hand of a person with autism while a message is typed on a letter board. FC is widely acknowledged to be a pseudoscientific, unsafe, and unethical treatment for people with autism. RPM is a more recent intervention for people with autism that involves the facilitator holding and moving the letter board while the individual with autism moves their own hand. Those who espouse the perceived benefits of FC and RPM make strikingly similar claims of hidden intelligence and extraordinary communication abilities in people with autism following treatment. Conclusion: Clients, proponents, and practitioners of RPM should demand scientific validation of RPM in order to ensure the safety of people with disabilities that are involved with RPM. C1 [Tostanoski, Amy; Lang, Russell; Raulston, Tracy; Carnett, Amarie] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Clin Autism Res Evaluat & Support, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. 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Green, Vanessa A. van der Meer, Larah Wolin, Thomas Einspieler, Christa TI Developmental profile of speech-language and communicative functions in an individual with the Preserved Speech Variant of Rett syndrome SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Communication; language; preserved speech variant; Rett syndrome; speech ID VIDEO ANALYSIS; HOME VIDEO; AUTISM; DISORDER; CHILDREN; INFANTS; GIRLS; DIAGNOSIS; MECP2; AGE AB Objective: We assessed various aspects of speech-language and communicative functions of an individual with the preserved speech variant of Rett syndrome (RTT) to describe her developmental profile over a period of 11 years. Methods: For this study, we incorporated the following data resources and methods to assess speech-language and communicative functions during pre-, peri-and post-regressional development: retrospective video analyses, medical history data, parental checklists and diaries, standardized tests on vocabulary and grammar, spontaneous speech samples and picture stories to elicit narrative competences. Results: Despite achieving speech-language milestones, atypical behaviours were present at all times. We observed a unique developmental speech-language trajectory (including the RTT typical regression) affecting all linguistic and socio-communicative sub-domains in the receptive as well as the expressive modality. Conclusion: Future research should take into consideration a potentially considerable discordance between formal and functional language use by interpreting communicative acts on a more cautionary note. 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Neurorehabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.3109/17518423.2013.783139 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA AJ8JK UT WOS:000337949100009 PM 23870013 ER PT J AU Langmaid, RA Papadopoulos, N Johnson, BP Phillips, JG Rinehart, NJ AF Langmaid, Rebecca A. Papadopoulos, Nicole Johnson, Beth P. Phillips, James G. Rinehart, Nicole J. TI Handwriting in Children With ADHD SO JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ADHD; fine motor control ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MOTOR COORDINATION; ATTENTION; METHYLPHENIDATE; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; DISEASE; FINE AB Objective: Children with ADHD-combined type (ADHD-CT) display fine and gross motor problems, often expressed as handwriting difficulties. This study aimed to kinematically characterize the handwriting of children with ADHD using a cursive letter l's task. Method: In all, 28 boys (7-12 years), 14 ADHD-CT and 14 typically developing (TD), without developmental coordination disorder (DCD) or comorbid autism, wrote a series of four cursive letter l's using a graphics tablet and stylus. Results: Children with ADHD-CT had more inconsistent writing size than did TD controls. In addition, ADHD-CT symptom severity, specifically inattention, predicted poorer handwriting outcomes. Conclusion: In a sample of children with ADHD-CT who do not have DCD or autism, subtle handwriting differences were evident. It was concluded that handwriting might be impaired in children with ADHD in a manner dependent on symptom severity. This may reflect reports of underlying motor impairment in ADHD. C1 [Langmaid, Rebecca A.; Papadopoulos, Nicole; Johnson, Beth P.; Phillips, James G.; Rinehart, Nicole J.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Rinehart, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, 270 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, Vic, Australia. 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E., 2003, 2 WISC4 PSYCH CORP NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1087-0547 EI 1557-1246 J9 J ATTEN DISORD JI J. Atten. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 18 IS 6 BP 504 EP 510 DI 10.1177/1087054711434154 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AJ9HF UT WOS:000338018200003 PM 22617862 ER PT J AU Novotny, MA Sharp, KJ Rapp, JT Jelinski, JD Lood, EA Steffes, AK Ma, M AF Novotny, Marissa A. Sharp, Katheryne J. Rapp, John T. Jelinski, Joel D. Lood, Elizabeth A. Steffes, Ayriel K. Ma, Monica TI False positives with visual analysis for nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs and ABAB designs: Preliminary findings SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE AB designs; ABAB designs; False positives; Nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs; Reversal designs; Single-subject designs ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; ACQUISITION; TECHNOLOGY; CONCURRENT; AUTISM; ADULTS; SKILLS AB This study evaluated the probability of generating false positives with three-tier nonconcurrent multiple baseline (NMBL) designs and ABAB designs. For Experiment 1, we generated four sets of three-tier NMBL design graphs. The first, second, and third sets consisted of fixed A-phase data points for all three tiers at 0%, 25% and 50%, respectively, and randomly generated data points in the B phases. The fourth set consisted of randomly generated data points in the A and B phases for all three tiers. Across all four sets (N=1000), results show that false positives were produced with 7.5% of three-tier NMBL design graphs and were most probable when baseline levels were set at 0% or 25%. For Experiment 2, we generated 3000 ABAB design graphs consisting of three to five data points per phase. Results indicate that no false positives were produced, regardless of the number of data points included in each phase. Results of this study support specific guidelines for the use of NMBL designs and ABAB designs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Novotny, Marissa A.; Sharp, Katheryne J.; Jelinski, Joel D.; Lood, Elizabeth A.; Steffes, Ayriel K.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Rapp, John T.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ma, Monica] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Rapp, JT (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Psychol, 226 Thach, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 933 EP 943 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.009 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600001 ER PT J AU Matsuda, S Yamamoto, J AF Matsuda, Soichiro Yamamoto, Junichi TI Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Facial expressions; Autism; Matching-to-sample; Socio-emotional situations; Emotion recognition ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AFFECTIVE PROSODY; BASIC EMOTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; PEOPLE; FACES AB Difficulties in understanding others' emotions have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Many methodologies for evaluating the emotion recognition can be analyzed by matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures. When using movies of socio-emotional situations as sample stimuli, children with ASD have been found to have difficulties in understanding them. Furthermore, there are few intervention studies that have targeted understanding of socio-emotional situations in children with ASD. The present study examined whether two young children with ASD can acquire the relationships between movies of socio-emotional situations and pictures of facial expressions through computer-based MTS training. The movies of situations and pictures of facial expressions represented happy, surprised, angry and sad emotions. The child with ASD was required to select the picture of facial expression when presented with the movie of socio-emotional situations as a sample stimulus, and if so, whether these skills can be generalized to untrained stimuli. We used a multiple baseline design across participants, and the results demonstrated that both children learned the relationships and improved their performance with untrained stimuli. These findings are discussed in terms of procedures to increase the understanding of others' emotions at an early developmental stage. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matsuda, Soichiro; Yamamoto, Junichi] Keio Univ, Dept Psychol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Matsuda, S (reprint author), Keio Univ, Dept Psychol, Minato Ku, 2-15-45 Mita, Tokyo, Japan. EM atom.opens.the.stargate@gmail.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Balconi M, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P409, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.05.001 Barlow D., 2009, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Barrett K. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.010 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600002 ER PT J AU Goldin, RL Matson, JL Konst, MJ Adams, HL AF Goldin, Rachel L. Matson, Johnny L. Konst, Matthew J. Adams, Hilary L. TI A comparison of children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Atypical development; BASC-2 ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; FEEDING PROBLEMS; TRAITS BISCUIT; INFANT SCREEN; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SYMPTOMS AB The present study examined the use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) in discerning 151 children and adolescents 12-16 years of age with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from atypically and typically developing children and adolescents. Scores on the BASC-2 composites (i.e., externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, behavior symptom index [BSI], adaptive behaviors) and subscales (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression, conduct problems, anxiety, depression, somatization, atypicality, withdrawal, attention, adaptability, social skills, leadership, activities of daily living, functional communication) were compared between children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development. With the exception of aggression, somatization, and internalizing behaviors, participants with ASD were significantly more impaired than typically developing participants in all other composites and subscales. In comparison to atypically developing participants, the scores of participants with ASD evinced more impairment for BSI and its subscales, with the exception of attention, and the adaptive behavior composite and its subscales, with the exception of adaptability. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.005 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600003 ER PT J AU Dolev, S Oppenheim, D Koren-Karie, N Yirmiya, N AF Dolev, Smadar Oppenheim, David Koren-Karie, Nina Yirmiya, Nurit TI Early attachment and maternal insightfulness predict educational placement of children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Educational placement; Maternal insightfulness; Attachment ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; SEVERE DISABILITIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MOTHERS INSIGHTFULNESS; INTERNAL EXPERIENCE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PARENTS; SENSITIVITY; INFANTS AB We examined whether mothers' insightfulness - their capacity to "see things from the child's point of view" - and children's attachment, both assessed during the preschool years, are associated with the educational placement of children with ASD in middle childhood and early adolescence beyond the prediction offered by children's IQ and interactive competence. 39 boys with autism and their mothers participated. We assessed mothers' insightfulness, and children's attachment to their mothers, their intelligence and their interactional competencies. The results supported our hypothesis. The emotional quality of the relationship between the children and their mothers during the preschool age, as reflected in the mothers' insightfulness and the children's attachment security, predicted children's educational placement in inclusive programs 4.5 and 8.5 years later, over and above the prediction offered by children's IQ and their interactive competence. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dolev, Smadar] Oranim Coll Educ, Early Childhood Dept, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. [Oppenheim, David; Koren-Karie, Nina] Ctr Study Child Dev, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. [Yirmiya, Nurit] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Dolev, S (reprint author), Oranim Coll Educ, Early Childhood Dept, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. 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Jang, Jina TI Conceptualizing skills that are most critical in diagnosing autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Core symptoms; Autism; Differential diagnosis; DSM-5 ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DSM-IV-TR; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; FEEDING PROBLEMS; INFANT SCREEN; PDD-NOS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a broad but heterogeneous group of symptoms. This factor has resulted in a debate as to whether the disorder is a unitary construct or a group of related disorders with a similar symptom presentation. Additionally, some core symptoms are seen in other developmental disabilities such as intellectual disability. This review covers these and related issues in the context of what symptoms are most critical for diagnosing ASD and distinguishing it from other developmental disabilities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.; Jang, Jina] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jang, JN (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 968 EP 973 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.011 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600005 ER PT J AU Makinen, L Loukusa, S Leinonen, E Moilanen, I Ebeling, H Kunnari, S AF Makinen, Leena Loukusa, Soile Leinonen, Eeva Moilanen, Irma Ebeling, Hanna Kunnari, Sari TI Characteristics of narrative language in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Finnish SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Comprehension; Linguistic structure; Narratives; Pragmatics; Referencing ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COHERENCE ACCOUNT; NORMAL-CHILDREN; STORY RECALL; ABILITY; COMMUNICATION; IMPAIRMENT; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; COMPREHENSION AB This study examined linguistic and pragmatic aspects of narrative abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which have not been studied thoroughly and not at all in Finnish. Sixteen five- to ten-year-old Finnish high-functioning children with ASD (mean age 7;7 years) and 16 age-matched typically developing children (mean age 7;5 years) participated in this study. Children's picture-based narrations were analyzed for narrative productivity, syntactic complexity, referential accuracy, event content, use of additional and extraneous information, mental state expressions, and narrative comprehension. Several linguistic- and pragmatic-based measures were used in order to gain a comprehensive picture of strengths and weaknesses that children with ASD might show in storytelling. The use of linguistic structure, referential accuracy and mental state expressions was similar between the groups. However, children with ASD showed difficulties in establishing informative story content, making inferences from story events and an ability not to include extraneous information into their stories. Therefore, the problems seen in their narrative language use can be described as being related to pragmatic aspects of narration. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Makinen, Leena; Loukusa, Soile; Kunnari, Sari] Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities Logoped, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Makinen, Leena; Loukusa, Soile; Kunnari, Sari] Univ Oulu, Child Language Res Ctr, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Leinonen, Eeva] Univ Wollongong, Sch Psychol, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Moilanen, Irma; Ebeling, Hanna] Univ Hosp Oulu, Inst Clin Med, Dept Child Psychiat, Oulu 90029, Finland. RP Makinen, L (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities Logoped, POB 1000, Oulu 90014, Finland. EM leena.makinen@oulu.fi; soile.loukusa@oulu.fi; leinonen@uow.edu.au; irma.moilanen@oulu.fi; hanna.ebeling@oulu.fi; sari.kunnari@oulu.fi CR American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGNOSTIC AND STATI Arnold JE, 2009, COGNITION, V110, P131, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.10.016 Astington J. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.001 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600007 ER PT J AU Tanaka, JW Quim, PC Xu, BY Maynard, K Huxtable, N Lee, K Pascalis, O AF Tanaka, James W. Quim, Paul C. Xu, Buyun Maynard, Kim Huxtable, Natalie Lee, Kang Pascalis, Olivier TI The effects of information type (features vs. configuration) and location (eyes vs. mouth) on the development of face perception SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Face recognition; Face perception; Configural processing; Featural processing; Face strategies ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; FACIAL FEATURES; PROCESSING DEVELOPS; NEWBORNS PREFERENCE; SPATIAL RELATIONS; EARLY MATURITY; RECOGNITION; INVERSION; PROSOPAGNOSIA; SENSITIVITY AB The goal of the current study was to investigate the development of face processing strategies in a perceptual discrimination task. Children (7-12 years of age) and young adults were administered the Face Dimensions Task. In the Face Dimensions Task, participants were asked to judge whether two simultaneously presented faces were the "same" or "different". For the "same" trials, the two faces were identical. For the "different" trials, the faces differed in either the spacing between the eyes, the spacing between the nose and the mouth, the size of the eyes, or the size of the mouth. The main finding was that 7- to 10-year-old children showed no difference in their ability to discriminate differences in eye size and eye spacing but showed a poor ability to discriminate differences in nose and mouth spacing and, to a lesser extent, mouth size. The developmental lag between nose-mouth discriminations and the other featural and configural discriminations was reduced in older children and eliminated by young adulthood. These results indicate that the type of face information (i.e., configural vs. featural) and its location (i.e., eye vs. mouth) jointly contribute to the development of face perception abilities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tanaka, James W.; Xu, Buyun; Maynard, Kim; Huxtable, Natalie] Univ Victoria, Dept Psychol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada. 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Cult. Geogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 504 EP 524 DI 10.1080/14649365.2014.898781 PG 21 WC Geography SC Geography GA AJ3TK UT WOS:000337590100002 ER PT J AU Brosnan, M Hollinworth, M Antoniadou, K Lewton, M AF Brosnan, Mark Hollinworth, Melissa Antoniadou, Konstantina Lewton, Marcus TI Is Empathizing intuitive and Systemizing deliberative? SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Empathizing; Systemizing; E-S theory; Intuition; Deliberation; Dual process theory ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; MALE BRAIN THEORY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EMOTION RECOGNITION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; DECISION-MAKING; ADULTS AB This is the first study to explore the relationship between Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) theory that provides an account of sex differences in human cognition and dual process theories of cognition. 68 Undergraduates undertook both performance and self-report assessments of Empathizing, intuition, Systemizing and deliberation. A fast (500 ms) and slow (5000 ms) version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET) was included to explore the effects of rapid presentation on emotional stimuli. Consistent with E-S theory, sex differences were found in Empathizing (favouring females) and Systemizing (favouring males). Females were also found to be more intuitive and males more deliberative for performance, but not self-report, assessments of intuition and deliberation. Empathizing significantly positively correlated with intuition and negatively with deliberation. Conversely. Systemizing significantly positively correlated with deliberation and negatively with intuition (trend). This pattern was replicated in a study of 65 participants from the general population. The exception was the RMET which had no significant sex differences or correlates (fast or slow). The implications for considering both dual process theories of cognition and E-S theory are discussed, with a focus upon the implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder and psychosis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brosnan, Mark; Hollinworth, Melissa; Lewton, Marcus] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Antoniadou, Konstantina] Maastricht Univ, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. 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Ricketts, Jessie Charman, Tony Lindsay, Geoff TI Exploring writing products in students with language impairments and autism spectrum disorders SO LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE Written text production; Language impairment; ASD; Transcription; Text generation ID CURRICULUM-BASED MEASURES; MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS; WRITTEN LANGUAGE; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; WORKING-MEMORY; ORAL LANGUAGE; AGE-CHILDREN; EXPRESSION; SKILLS; INSTRUCTION AB Oral language skills scaffold written text production; students with oral language difficulties often experience writing problems. The current study examines the ways in which oral language problems experienced by students with language impairment (LI) and students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) impact on their production of written text. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 32 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.01.008 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Educational SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA AG0NJ UT WOS:000335111900008 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Gadea, ML Tripicchio, P Rattazzi, A Baez, S Marino, J Roca, M Manes, F Ibanez, A AF Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria Tripicchio, Paula Rattazzi, Alexia Baez, Sandra Marino, Julian Roca, Maria Manes, Facundo Ibanez, Agustin TI Inter-individual cognitive variability in children with Asperger's syndrome SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE individual variability; fluid intelligence; theory of mind; executive functions; Asperger's syndrome ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; OSTERRIETH COMPLEX FIGURE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; FRONTAL-LOBE LESIONS; MULTIPLE CASE SERIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FLUID INTELLIGENCE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; DISEMBEDDING PERFORMANCE; PARIETAL CORTEX AB Multiple studies have tried to establish the distinctive profile of individuals with Asperger's syndrome (AS). However, recent reports suggest that adults with AS feature heterogeneous cognitive profiles. The present study explores inter-individual variability in children with AS through group comparison and multiple case series analysis. All participants completed an extended battery including measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence, executive functions, theory of mind, and classical neuropsychological tests. Significant group differences were found in theory of mind and other domains related to global information processing. However, the AS group showed high inter-individual variability (both sub- and supra-normal performance) on most cognitive tasks. Furthermore, high fluid intelligence correlated with less general cognitive impairment, high cognitive flexibility, and speed of motor processing. In light of these findings, we propose that children with AS are characterized by a distinct, uneven pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. C1 [Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria; Tripicchio, Paula; Rattazzi, Alexia; Baez, Sandra; Roca, Maria; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Favaloro Univ, Inst Cognit Neurol, Lab Expt Psychol & Neurosci, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria; Baez, Sandra; Roca, Maria; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Natl Sci & Tech Res Council, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria; Baez, Sandra; Roca, Maria; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Diego Portales Univ, UDP INECO Fdn Core Neurosci, Santiago, Chile. [Baez, Sandra] Univ Catolica Argentina, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Marino, Julian] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Psicol, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Univ Autonoma Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia. RP Ibanez, A (reprint author), Favaloro Univ, Inst Cognit Neurol, Lab Expt Psychol & Neurosci, Pacheco de Melo 1854-60 C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM aibanez@ineco.org.ar FU CONICET; CONICYT/FONDECYT Regular [1130920, 1140114]; FONCyT-PICT [2012-0412, 2012-1309]; INECO Foundation; Fiat Foundation FX This work was partially supported by grants from CONICET, CONICYT/FONDECYT Regular (1130920 and 1140114), FONCyT-PICT 2012-0412, FONCyT-PICT 2012-1309, the INECO Foundation, and Fiat Foundation. The authors thank Asociacion Asperger Argentina, Ernesto Walhberg, and Sofia Peluffo for helping with the patient recruitment process. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD JUL 31 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 575 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00575 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AN5CM UT WOS:000340606900001 PM 25132817 ER PT J AU Dore, AS Okrasa, K Patel, JC Serrano-Vega, M Bennett, K Cooke, RM Errey, JC Jazayeri, A Khan, S Tehan, B Weir, M Wiggin, GR Marshall, FH AF Dore, Andrew S. Okrasa, Krzysztof Patel, Jayesh C. Serrano-Vega, Maria Bennett, Kirstie Cooke, Robert M. Errey, James C. Jazayeri, Ali Khan, Samir Tehan, Ben Weir, Malcolm Wiggin, Giselle R. Marshall, Fiona H. TI Structure of class C GPCR metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 transmembrane domain SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS; HEPTAHELICAL DOMAIN; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING POCKETS; CONFORMATION; ACTIVATION; FAMILY; THERMOSTABILIZATION AB Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate. Structural studies have been restricted to the amino-terminal extracellular domain, providing little understanding of the membrane-spanning signal transduction domain. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is of considerable interest as a drug target in the treatment of fragile X syndrome, autism, depression, anxiety, addiction and movement disorders. Here we report the crystal structure of the transmembrane domain of the human receptor in complex with the negative allosteric modulator, mavoglurant. The structure provides detailed insight into the architecture of the transmembrane domain of class C receptors including the precise location of the allosteric binding site within the transmem-branedomain and key micro-switches which regulate receptor signalling. This structure also provides a model for all class CG-protein-coupled receptors and may aid in the design of new small-molecule drugs for the treatment of brain disorders. 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Potash, James B. McCombie, W. Richard Zandi, Peter P. TI Validation and assessment of variant calling pipelines for next-generation sequencing SO HUMAN GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Variant calling pipelines; Next-generation sequencing; Exome sequencing ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXOME; TOOL; CANCER; INDIVIDUALS; ASSOCIATION; CONCORDANCE; DISCOVERY; FRAMEWORK AB Background: The processing and analysis of the large scale data generated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) experiments is challenging and is a burgeoning area of new methods development. Several new bioinformatics tools have been developed for calling sequence variants from NGS data. Here, we validate the variant calling of these tools and compare their relative accuracy to determine which data processing pipeline is optimal. Results: We developed a unified pipeline for processing NGS data that encompasses four modules: mapping, filtering, realignment and recalibration, and variant calling. We processed 130 subjects from an ongoing whole exome sequencing study through this pipeline. To evaluate the accuracy of each module, we conducted a series of comparisons between the single nucleotide variant (SNV) calls from the NGS data and either gold-standard Sanger sequencing on a total of 700 variants or array genotyping data on a total of 9,935 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. A head to head comparison showed that Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) provided more accurate calls than SAMtools (positive predictive value of 92.55% vs. 80.35%, respectively). Realignment of mapped reads and recalibration of base quality scores before SNV calling proved to be crucial to accurate variant calling. GATK HaplotypeCaller algorithm for variant calling outperformed the UnifiedGenotype algorithm. We also showed a relationship between mapping quality, read depth and allele balance, and SNV call accuracy. However, if best practices are used in data processing, then additional filtering based on these metrics provides little gains and accuracies of >99% are achievable. Conclusions: Our findings will help to determine the best approach for processing NGS data to confidently call variants for downstream analyses. To enable others to implement and replicate our results, all of our codes are freely available at http://metamoodics.org/wes. C1 [Pirooznia, Mehdi; Goes, Fernando S.; Zandi, Peter P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kramer, Melissa; Parla, Jennifer; McCombie, W. Richard] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Stanley Inst Cognit Genom, Woodbury, NY 11797 USA. [Potash, James B.] Univ Iowa, Sch Med, Carver Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [McCombie, W. Richard] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Watson Sch Biol Sci, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Zandi, Peter P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Zandi, PP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM pzandi@jhsph.edu FU NIH [R01MH087979, R01MH087992, K01MH093809] FX This project is supported by the NIH funding from R01MH087979 (JBP), R01MH087992 (WRM), and K01MH093809 (MP). 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Genomics PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 14 DI 10.1186/1479-7364-8-14 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN9YB UT WOS:000340964300001 PM 25078893 ER PT J AU Lozano, R Hagerman, RJ Duyzend, M Budimirovic, DB Eichler, EE Tassone, F AF Lozano, Reymundo Hagerman, Randi J. Duyzend, Michael Budimirovic, Dejan B. Eichler, Evan E. Tassone, Flora TI Genomic studies in fragile X premutation carriers SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Premutation; FMR1 gene; Autism; Second hit; ASD; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Neurological disorders ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; FMR1 MESSENGER-RNA; TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; EXPANDED ALLELES; GENE; AUTISM; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM AB Background: The FMR1 premutation is defined as having 55 to 200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1). The clinical involvement has been well characterized for fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). The behavior/psychiatric and other neurological manifestations remain to be specified as well as the molecular mechanisms that will explain the phenotypic variability observed in individuals with the FMR1 premutation. Methods: Here we describe a small pilot study of copy number variants (CNVs) in 56 participants with a premutation ranging from 55 to 192 repeats. The participants were divided into four different clinical groups for the analysis: those with behavioral problems but no autism spectrum disorder (ASD); those with ASD but without neurological problems; those with ASD and neurological problems including seizures; and those with neurological problems without ASD. Results: We found 12 rare CNVs (eight duplications and four deletions) in 11 cases (19.6%) that were not found in approximately 8,000 controls. Three of them were at 10q26 and two at Xp22.3, with small areas of overlap. The CNVs were more commonly identified in individuals with neurological involvement and ASD. Conclusions: The frequencies were not statistically significant across the groups. There were no significant differences in the psychometric and behavior scores among all groups. Further studies are necessary to determine the frequency of second genetic hits in individuals with the FMR1 premutation; however, these preliminary results suggest that genomic studies can be useful in understanding the molecular etiology of clinical involvement in premutation carriers with ASD and neurological involvement. C1 [Lozano, Reymundo; Hagerman, Randi J.; Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Lozano, Reymundo; Hagerman, Randi J.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Duyzend, Michael; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Budimirovic, Dejan B.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Lozano, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM reymundo.lozano@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu RI Budimirovic, Dejan/O-7885-2014 OI Budimirovic, Dejan/0000-0001-7263-5134 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [HD02274, HD036071] FX We would like to thank Gary Latham, Aia E Jonch, Andrea Schneider, Melanie Rothfuss, Kirin Basuta and Cristina Lozano for useful discussion. This work was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grants HD02274, and HD036071. This work is dedicated to the memory of Matteo. 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This showed decreased levels of the immature astrocyte marker vimentin in both brain regions, suggesting a decrease in astrocyte precursor cells. Also, decreased levels of proteins associated with myelination and increased synaptic and energy-related proteins were found in the prefrontal cortex, indicative of increased synaptic connectivity. Finally, opposite directional changes were found for myelination and synaptic proteins in the cerebellum. Conclusion: These findings suggest altered structural and/or functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in autism patients, as shown by opposite effects on proteins involved in myelination and synaptic function. Further investigation of these findings could help to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying autism relating to brain connectivity, with the ultimate aim of facilitating novel therapeutic approaches. C1 [Broek, Jantine A. C.; Guest, Paul C.; Rahmoune, Hassan; Bahn, Sabine] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 1QT, England. [Bahn, Sabine] Erasmus MC, Dept Neurosci, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Bahn, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QT, England. EM sb209@cam.ac.uk FU Autism Speaks Grant [6009]; Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement (FES) [0908] FX This work was funded by Autism Speaks Grant #6009 and the Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement (FES) under grant agreement number 0908 (NeuroBasic PharmaPhenomics project). 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Autism PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 41 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-41 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO2MX UT WOS:000341158700002 PM 25126406 ER PT J AU Vasu, MM Anitha, A Thanseem, I Suzuki, K Yamada, K Takahashi, T Wakuda, T Iwata, K Tsujii, M Sugiyama, T Mori, N AF Vasu, Mahesh Mundalil Anitha, Ayyappan Thanseem, Ismail Suzuki, Katsuaki Yamada, Kohei Takahashi, Taro Wakuda, Tomoyasu Iwata, Keiko Tsujii, Masatsugu Sugiyama, Toshirou Mori, Norio TI Serum microRNA profiles in children with autism SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; microRNA; complementary DNA; microarray; quantitative PCR ID LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXPRESSION PROFILES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; GENE; DISEASES; DYSREGULATION; INDIVIDUALS; CANCER; CORTEX AB Background: As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the transcriptional networks of the developing human brain. Circulating miRNAs in the serum and plasma are remarkably stable and are suggested to have promise as noninvasive biomarkers for neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the serum expression profiles of neurologically relevant miRNAs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple deficits in communication, social interaction and behavior. Methods: Total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from the serum samples of 55 individuals with ASD and 55 age-and sex-matched control subjects, and the mature miRNAs were selectively converted into cDNA. Initially, the expression of 125 mature miRNAs was compared between pooled control and ASD samples. The differential expression of 14 miRNAs was further validated by SYBR Green quantitative PCR of individual samples. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs. The target genes and pathways of miRNAs were predicted using DIANA mirPath software. Results: Thirteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in ASD individuals compared to the controls. MiR-151a-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-320a, miR-328, miR-433, miR-489, miR-572, and miR-663a were downregulated, while miR-101-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-195-5p, and miR-19b-3p were upregulated. Five miRNAs showed good predictive power for distinguishing individuals with ASD. The target genes of these miRNAs were enriched in several crucial neurological pathways. Conclusions: This is the first study of serum miRNAs in ASD individuals. The results suggest that a set of serum miRNAs might serve as a possible noninvasive biomarker for ASD. C1 [Vasu, Mahesh Mundalil; Thanseem, Ismail; Suzuki, Katsuaki; Takahashi, Taro; Wakuda, Tomoyasu; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Higashi Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Anitha, Ayyappan; Yamada, Kohei; Tsujii, Masatsugu; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Higashi Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Iwata, Keiko] Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Fukui 9101193, Japan. [Tsujii, Masatsugu] Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Toyota 4700393, Japan. [Sugiyama, Toshirou] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Higashi Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. RP Suzuki, K (reprint author), Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Higashi Ku, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. EM k-suzuki@hama-med.ac.jp FU Takeda Science Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX We thank Mses. Mika Oyaizu and Tae Takahashi for their technical assistance. This work was supported by the Takeda Science Foundation. It was also supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for 'Integrated Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders' carried out under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. None of these funding sources played any role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. 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Autism PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 40 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-40 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO2MX UT WOS:000341158700001 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Owen, JP Desai, SS Hill, SS Arnett, AB Harris, J Marco, EJ Mukherjee, P AF Chang, Yi-Shin Owen, Julia P. Desai, Shivani S. Hill, Susanna S. Arnett, Anne B. Harris, Julia Marco, Elysa J. Mukherjee, Pratik TI Autism and Sensory Processing Disorders: Shared White Matter Disruption in Sensory Pathways but Divergent Connectivity in Social-Emotional Pathways SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS; TENSOR IMAGING TRACTOGRAPHY; SPECTRUM DISORDER; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; HIPPOCAMPO-FUSIFORM; AMYGDALO-FUSIFORM; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CHILDREN; SYSTEM; FMRI AB Over 90% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) demonstrate atypical sensory behaviors. In fact, hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment is now included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. However, there are children with sensory processing differences who do not meet an ASD diagnosis but do show atypical sensory behaviors to the same or greater degree as ASD children. We previously demonstrated that children with Sensory Processing Disorders (SPD) have impaired white matter microstructure, and that this white matter microstructural pathology correlates with atypical sensory behavior. In this study, we use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber tractography to evaluate the structural connectivity of specific white matter tracts in boys with ASD (n = 15) and boys with SPD (n = 16), relative to typically developing children (n = 23). We define white matter tracts using probabilistic streamline tractography and assess the strength of tract connectivity using mean fractional anisotropy. Both the SPD and ASD cohorts demonstrate decreased connectivity relative to controls in parieto-occipital tracts involved in sensory perception and multisensory integration. However, the ASD group alone shows impaired connectivity, relative to controls, in temporal tracts thought to subserve social-emotional processing. In addition to these group difference analyses, we take a dimensional approach to assessing the relationship between white matter connectivity and participant function. These correlational analyses reveal significant associations of white matter connectivity with auditory processing, working memory, social skills, and inattention across our three study groups. These findings help elucidate the roles of specific neural circuits in neurodevelopmental disorders, and begin to explore the dimensional relationship between critical cognitive functions and structural connectivity across affected and unaffected children. C1 [Chang, Yi-Shin; Owen, Julia P.; Mukherjee, Pratik] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Desai, Shivani S.; Hill, Susanna S.; Arnett, Anne B.; Harris, Julia; Marco, Elysa J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. RP Marco, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM marcoe@neuropeds.ucsf.edu FU Wallace Research Foundation; Gates Family Foundation; Holcombe Kawaja Family Foundation; Simons Foundation; NIH [R01 NS060776, K23 MH083890, KL2 RR024130] FX This work was funded by grants from the Wallace Research Foundation, the Gates Family Foundation and the Holcombe Kawaja Family Foundation. EJM, JPO and PM acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation. PM also acknowledges support from NIH R01 NS060776. EJM has received support from NIH K23 MH083890 and KL2 RR024130. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Robles-Lanuza, Estefania Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose Luis Scholl, Francisco G. TI Neurexin Dysfunction in Adult Neurons Results in Autistic-like Behavior in Mice SO CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SYNAPTIC VESICLE EXOCYTOSIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; BETA-NEUREXINS; CELL-ADHESION; MUTATIONS; SYNAPSES; SPECTRUM; GENE; NEUROLIGIN-1 AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a group of clinical phenotypes characterized by repetitive behavior and social and communication deficits. Autism is generally viewed as a neurodevelopmental disorder where insults during embryonic or early postnatal periods result in aberrant wiring and function of neuronal circuits. Neurexins are synaptic proteins associated with autism. Here, we generated transgenic beta Nrx1 Delta C mice in which neurexin function is selectively impaired during late postnatal stages. Whole-cell recordings in cortical neurons show an impairment of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the beta Nrx1 Delta C mice. Importantly, mutant mice exhibit autism-related symptoms, such as increased self-grooming, deficits in social interactions, and altered interaction for nonsocial olfactory cues. The autistic-like phenotype of beta Nrx1 Delta C mice can be reversed after removing the mutant protein in aged animals. The defects resulting from disruption of neurexin function after the completion of embryonic and early postnatal development suggest that functional impairment of mature circuits can trigger autism-related phenotypes. C1 [Rabaneda, Luis G.; Robles-Lanuza, Estefania; Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose Luis; Scholl, Francisco G.] Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Seville 41013, Spain. [Rabaneda, Luis G.; Robles-Lanuza, Estefania; Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose Luis; Scholl, Francisco G.] Univ Seville, Dept Fisiol Med & Biofis, Seville 41013, Spain. [Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose Luis] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedade Meurodegenerat, Seville 41013, Spain. RP Scholl, FG (reprint author), Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Ave Manuel Siurot S-N, Seville 41013, Spain. EM fgs@us.es RI Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose/B-7165-2013 OI Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose/0000-0003-1757-4951 FU NEURONERANET (EUHF-AUTISM) [PIM2010ERN-0070]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI111058]; Junta de Andalucia [P11-CVI-7599]; V Plan Propio de Investigacion (Universidad de Sevilla); Juan de la Cierva MINECO contract FX Research at the F.G.S. lab was funded by grants from NEURONERANET (EUHF-AUTISM, PIM2010ERN-0070), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI111058), and Junta de Andalucia (P11-CVI-7599). We thank Dr. Leon Lagnado (University of Sussex) for the generous gift of the sypHy construct, Dr. Oscar Pintado for pronuclear injection, Dr. Angel Barco for helpful advice with bitransgenic mice, and Dr. Maria Luz Montesinos and Itziar Benito for assistance with some behavioral tests. Technical assistance during the generation of transgenic mice was provided by Maria Luisa Pecero. The authors wish to thank Drs. Rafael Fernandez-Chacon and Amalia Martinez-Mir for support and critical reading of the manuscript. E. R-L received a fellowship from V Plan Propio de Investigacion (Universidad de Sevilla), and J.L.N.-G is a recipient of a Juan de la Cierva MINECO contract. Part of the study was performed at CITIUS (Universidad de Sevilla). 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Pillai, Anilkumar TI TrkB interacts with ErbB4 and regulates NRG1-induced NR2B phosphorylation in cortical neurons before synaptogenesis SO CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING LA English DT Article DE NRG1; BDNF; TrkB; Neurons; Synapse; NR2B ID RAT VISUAL-CORTEX; NMDA RECEPTOR; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; BDNF; EXPRESSION; NEUREGULIN-1; CELLS AB Background: Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and NMDARs play important roles in various neuronal functions including neural development. NMDARs also promote many cellular events such as proliferation and survival of neuroblasts before synapse formation. Although many recent studies have indicated that NRG1 regulates NMDAR function in cortical neurons, the effect of NRG1 on NMDAR activation before synapse formation is not well studied. Results: NRG1 induces activation of NMDAR subunit NR2B, and tropomyosin- related kinase receptor B (TrkB), the receptor for BDNF via activation of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) in immature primary cortical neurons. Our data using TrkB inhibitor (K252a), TrkB siRNA and TrkB-/- neurons demonstrated that TrkB inhibition suppresses NRG1-induced NR2B activation in neurons. We found that NRG1 stimulation leads to GABA(A) receptor-mediated TrkB activation. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligase assay showed that TrkB interacts with ErbB4 (NRG1 receptor) and the TrkB-ErbB4 interaction was increased following NRG1 treatment. A significant reduction in TrkB-ErbB4 interaction was observed in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. We found significant increase in released BDNF levels following NRG1 treatment, which was inhibited by ErbB4 inhibitor, AG1478. In addition, pretreatment with BDNF neutralizing antibody, but not control IgG abolished NRG1- induced increases in phospho-TrkB and phospho-NR2B levels. Moreover, studies using TrkB mutants showed that intercellular domain of TrkB is necessary for TrkB-ErbB4 interaction and NR2B activation. Conclusions: BDNF/TrkB signaling plays an important role in the NRG1- stimulated NR2B regulation. These findings could be of relevance to many neurodevelopmental disorders, as NRG1 and BDNF signaling pathways have been implicated in autism and schizophrenia. C1 [Pandya, Chirayu D.; Pillai, Anilkumar] Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Psychiat & Hlth Behav, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. RP Pillai, A (reprint author), Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Psychiat & Hlth Behav, 997 St Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. EM apillai@gru.edu FU NINDS/NIH; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; Department of Veteran Affairs FX We thank Dr. Chao (New York University School of Medicine, New York) for the phospho-TrkB antibody and Dr. Maruyama (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan) for the TrkB constructs. The authors are thankful to Dr. Rohrer (Medical University of South Carolina, SC) for the TrkB knockout mice. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Human Brain and Spinal Fluid Resource Center, VA West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90073 which is supported by NINDS/NIH, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and Department of Veteran Affairs. 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C1 [Zhao, Haiyan; Kim, Yoonju; Park, Joohyun; Park, Daehun; Lee, Sang-Eun; Chang, Iree; Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Sci, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Zhao, Haiyan; Kim, Yoonju; Park, Joohyun; Park, Daehun; Lee, Sang-Eun; Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Biomembrane Plast Res Ctr, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Kim, Yoonju; Park, Joohyun; Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Neurosci Res Inst, Med Res Ctr, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Biomax Inst, Seoul 110799, South Korea. RP Chang, S (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, 309 Biomed Sci Bldg,28 Yeongeon Dong, Seoul 110799, South Korea. EM sunghoe@snu.ac.kr FU Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center - National Research Foundation of Korea [20100029395] FX This work was supported by the Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant 20100029395 to S.C.). 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Auditory-evoked field values were obtained from 21 boys with ASD (12 with and 9 without auditory hypersensitivity) and 15 age-matched typically developing controls. M50 dipole moments were significantly increased during the time-course study only in the ASD with auditory hypersensitivity compared with those for the other two groups. The boys having ASD with auditory hypersensitivity also showed more prolonged response duration than those in the other two groups. The response duration was significantly related to the severity of auditory hypersensitivity. We propose that auditory hypersensitivity is associated with decreased inhibitory processing, possibly resulting from an abnormal sensory gating system or dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons. C1 [Matsuzaki, Junko; Nagatani, Fumiyo; Tachibana, Masaya; Mohri, Ikuko; Taniike, Masako] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Mol Res Ctr Childrens Mental Dev, Osaka, Japan. [Kagitani-Shimono, Kuriko; Hanaie, Ryuzo; Tachibana, Masaya; Tominaga, Koji; Mohri, Ikuko; Taniike, Masako] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Osaka, Japan. [Kagitani-Shimono, Kuriko; Tachibana, Masaya; Tominaga, Koji; Mohri, Ikuko; Taniike, Masako] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Osaka, Japan. [Sugata, Hisato; Hirata, Masayuki] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Osaka, Japan. RP Kagitani-Shimono, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Osaka, Japan. EM kuriko@ped.med.osaka-u.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [23591494] FX This study was supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific research (No. 23591494) from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Psychol. PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 799 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00799 PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AL8NO UT WOS:000339396200001 PM 25101045 ER PT J AU Albertini, B Di Sabatino, M Melegari, C Passerini, N AF Albertini, Beatrice Di Sabatino, Marcello Melegari, Cecilia Passerini, Nadia TI Formulating SLMs as oral pulsatile system for potential delivery of melatonin to pediatric population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE Melatonin; Solid-lipid microparticles; Spray congealing; Oral pediatric formulation; Dose flexibility; Stability in food ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE MELATONIN; CHILDREN; SLEEP; DISORDERS; AUTISM; MEDICINES; ATOMIZER; ENHANCE AB The formulation development of melatonin (MLT) for infants and children with neurodevelopmental difficulties was fully investigated. This population have a higher prevalence of sleep disorders and present special challenges for drug administration and swallowing. To solve these issues, solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) were designed to obtain an oral flexible dosage form constituted by GRAS excipients and a free flow pulsatile delivery system for MLT, able to maintain its release through 8 h. Three groups of SLMs were produced by spray congealing and characterized as regards particle size, morphology, flowability, solid state, drug content and release behavior. The SLMs manipulation with milk and yogurt and the MLT stability in these foods were also investigated. Microparticles with different excipient composition were selected to obtain a pulsatile release pattern over 8 h. The final delivery platform displayed a prompt release from group I SLMs together with a lag phase of groups II and III SLMs, followed by a repeated MLT release from group II and a prolonged MLT release related to the last group. 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J. Pharm. PD JUL 20 PY 2014 VL 469 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.055 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AH9TZ UT WOS:000336487500009 PM 24768728 ER PT J AU Fan, YT Cheng, YW AF Fan, Yang-Teng Cheng, Yawei TI Atypical Mismatch Negativity in Response to Emotional Voices in People with Autism Spectrum Conditions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; BRAIN POTENTIALS; CHILDREN; SPEECH; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; DISCRIMINATION; DISORDER AB Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are characterized by heterogeneous impairments of social reciprocity and sensory processing. Voices, similar to faces, convey socially relevant information. Whether voice processing is selectively impaired remains undetermined. This study involved recording mismatch negativity (MMN) while presenting emotionally spoken syllables dada and acoustically matched nonvocal sounds to 20 subjects with ASC and 20 healthy matched controls. The people with ASC exhibited no MMN response to emotional syllables and reduced MMN to nonvocal sounds, indicating general impairments of affective voice and acoustic discrimination. Weaker angry MMN amplitudes were associated with more autistic traits. Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed that angry MMN amplitudes yielded a value of 0.88 (p<.001). The results suggest that people with ASC may process emotional voices in an atypical fashion already at the automatic stage. This processing abnormality can facilitate diagnosing ASC and enable social deficits in people with ASC to be predicted. C1 [Fan, Yang-Teng; Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Fan, Yang-Teng; Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Brain Res Ctr, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ Hosp, Dept Rehabil, Yilan, Taiwan. [Cheng, Yawei] Taipei City Hosp, Dept Res & Educ, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Cheng, YW (reprint author), Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. EM ywcheng2@ym.edu.tw FU Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 103-2401-H-010-003-MY3]; National Yang-Ming University Hospital [RD2014-003]; Health Department of Taipei City Government [10301-62-009]; Ministry of Education (Aim for the Top University Plan) FX The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 103-2401-H-010-003-MY3), National Yang-Ming University Hospital (RD2014-003), Health Department of Taipei City Government (10301-62-009), and Ministry of Education (Aim for the Top University Plan). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prosodic phrasing; contrastive discourse status; theory of mind; social interaction; attribution of knowledge; schizophrenia; French ID SOCIAL COGNITION; MIND DEFICITS; PEOPLE; POOR; METAANALYSIS; RECOGNITION; ATTRIBUTION; PERCEPTION; LANGUAGE; AUTISM AB Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) often display social cognition disorders, including Theory of Mind (ToM) impairments and communication disruptions. Thought language disorders appear to be primarily a disruption of pragmatics, SZ can also experience difficulties at other linguistic levels including the prosodic one. Here, using an interactive paradigm, we showed that SZ individuals did not use prosodic phrasing to encode the contrastive status of discourse referents in French. We used a semi-spontaneous task to elicit noun-adjective pairs in which the noun in the second noun-adjective fragment was identical to the noun in the first fragment (e.g., BONBONS marron "brown candies" vs. BONBONS violets "purple candies") or could contrast with it (e.g., BOUGIES violettes "purple candles" vs. BONBONS violets "purple candies"). We found that healthy controls parsed the target noun in the second noun-adjective fragment separately from the color adjective, to warn their interlocutor that this noun constituted a contrastive entity (e.g., BOUGIES violettes followed by [BONBONS] [violets]) compared to when it referred to the same object as in the first fragment (e.g., BONBONS marron followed by [BONBONS violets]). On the contrary, SZ individuals did not use prosodic phrasing to encode contrastive status of target nouns. In addition, SZ's difficulties to use prosody of contrast were correlated to their score in a classical ToM task (i.e., the hinting task). 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PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 755 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00755 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AL4QY UT WOS:000339118800001 PM 25101025 ER PT J AU Bernier, R Golzio, C Xiong, B Stessman, HA Coe, BP Penn, O Witherspoon, K Gerdts, J Baker, C Vulto-van Silfhout, AT Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, JH Fichera, M Bosco, P Buono, S Alberti, A Failla, P Peeters, H Steyaert, J Vissers, LELM Francescatto, L Mefford, HC Rosenfeld, JA Bakken, T O'Roak, BJ Pawlus, M Moon, R Shendure, J Amaral, DG Lein, E Rankin, J Romano, C de Vries, BBA Katsanis, N Eichler, EE AF Bernier, Raphael Golzio, Christelle Xiong, Bo Stessman, Holly A. Coe, Bradley P. Penn, Osnat Witherspoon, Kali Gerdts, Jennifer Baker, Carl Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T. Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, Janneke H. Fichera, Marco Bosco, Paolo Buono, Serafino Alberti, Antonino Failla, Pinella Peeters, Hilde Steyaert, Jean Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M. Francescatto, Ludmila Mefford, Heather C. Rosenfeld, Jill A. Bakken, Trygve O'Roak, Brian J. Pawlus, Matthew Moon, Randall Shendure, Jay Amaral, David G. Lein, Ed Rankin, Julia Romano, Corrado de Vries, Bert B. A. Katsanis, Nicholas Eichler, Evan E. TI Disruptive CHD8 Mutations Define a Subtype of Autism Early in Development SO CELL LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHARGE-SYNDROME; HEART-DISEASE; GENE; ZEBRAFISH; ABNORMALITIES; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disease in which efforts to define subtypes behaviorally have met with limited success. Hypothesizing that genetically based subtype identification may prove more productive, we resequenced the ASD-associated gene CHD8 in 3,730 children with developmental delay or ASD. We identified a total of 15 independent mutations; no truncating events were identified in 8,792 controls, including 2,289 unaffected siblings. In addition to a high likelihood of an ASD diagnosis among patients bearing CHD8 mutations, characteristics enriched in this group included macrocephaly, distinct faces, and gastrointestinal complaints. chd8 disruption in zebrafish recapitulates features of the human phenotype, including increased head size as a result of expansion of the forebrain/midbrain and impairment of gastrointestinal motility due to a reduction in postmitotic enteric neurons. Our findings indicate that CHD8 disruptions define a distinct ASD subtype and reveal unexpected comorbidities between brain development and enteric innervation. C1 [Bernier, Raphael; Gerdts, Jennifer] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Golzio, Christelle; Francescatto, Ludmila; Katsanis, Nicholas] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Dis Modeling, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Xiong, Bo; Coe, Bradley P.; Penn, Osnat; Witherspoon, Kali; Baker, Carl; Shendure, Jay; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T.; Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, Janneke H.; de Vries, Bert B. A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Fichera, Marco; Bosco, Paolo; Buono, Serafino; Alberti, Antonino; Failla, Pinella; Romano, Corrado] IRCCS Associaz Oasi Maria Santissima, I-94018 Troina, Italy. [Fichera, Marco] Univ Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Peeters, Hilde] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Peeters, Hilde; Steyaert, Jean] Leuven Autism Res LAuRes, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Acad Hosp Maastricht, Dept Clin Genet, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Res Inst Growth & Dev GROW, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Mefford, Heather C.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rosenfeld, Jill A.] PerkinElmer Inc, Signature Genom Labs, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. [Bakken, Trygve] Allen Inst Brain Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [O'Roak, Brian J.] OHSU, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Pawlus, Matthew; Moon, Randall] Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Autism Phenome Project, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Rankin, Julia] Peninsula Clin Genet Serv, Exeter EX1 2ED, Devon, England. [Eichler, Evan E.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eichler, EE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM eee@gs.washington.edu RI Romano, Corrado/B-9695-2008; Xiong, Bo/M-3605-2014; Vissers, Lisenka/A-2598-2015 OI Romano, Corrado/0000-0003-1049-0683; FU Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) [303241]; NIH/NIMH [R01MH101221]; SFARI [239983]; NIH [P50MH094268]; NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from BBRF; European Commission; GENCODYS [241995]; Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZON-MW) [917-86-319, 912-12-109] FX This work was supported by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) 303241 and NIH/NIMH R01MH101221 to E.E.E.; by SFARI 239983 and NIH P50MH094268 to N.K.; by a NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from BBRF to C.G.; and by the European Commission: GENCODYS grant 241995 under FP7 and the Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZON-MW grants 917-86-319 and 912-12-109) to B.B.A.d.V. E.E.E. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and is on the scientific advisory board for DNAnexus, Inc. N.K. is a Distinguished Brumley Professor. We thank all of the families at the participating Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) sites, as well as the principal investigators (A. Beaudet, R. Bernier, J. Constantino, E. Cook, E. Fombonne, D. Geschwind, E. Hanson, D. Grice, A. Klin, R. Kochel, D. Ledbetter, C. Lord, C. Martin, D. Martin, R. Maxim, J. Miles, O. Ousley, K. Pelphrey, B. Peterson, J. Piggot, C. Saulnier, M. State, W. Stone, J. Sutcliffe, C. Walsh, Z. Warren, and E. Wijsman). We are grateful to D. Raible and H. S. Zimmermann for providing zebrafish resources and for helpful discussions, to T. Brown for help with manuscript preparation, and to J. Huddleston and M. Malig for sequencing support. 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Microarray studies and, more recently, exome sequencing have demonstrated the importance of de novo copy number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in ID, but the majority of cases remain undiagnosed(3-6). Here we applied whole-genome sequencing to 50 patients with severe ID and their unaffected parents. All patients included had not received a molecular diagnosis after extensive genetic prescreening, including microarray-based CNV studies and exome sequencing. Notwithstanding this prescreening, 84 de novo SNVs affecting the coding region were identified, which showed a statistically significant enrichment of loss-of-function mutations as well as an enrichment for genes previously implicated in ID-related disorders. In addition, we identified eight de novo CNVs, including single-exon and intra-exonic deletions, as well as interchromosomal duplications. These CNVs affected known ID genes more frequently than expected. On the basis of diagnostic interpretation of all de novo variants, a conclusive genetic diagnosis was reached in 20 patients. Together with one compound heterozygous CNV causing disease in a recessive mode, this results in a diagnostic yield of 42% in this extensively studied cohort, and 62% as a cumulative estimate in an unselected cohort. These results suggest that de novo SNVs and CNVs affecting the coding region are a major cause of severe ID. Genome sequencing can be applied as a single genetic test to reliably identify and characterize the comprehensive spectrum of genetic variation, providing a genetic diagnosis in the majority of patients with severe ID. C1 [Gilissen, Christian; Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y.; Thung, Djie Tjwan; van de Vorst, Maartje; van Bon, Bregje W. M.; Willemsen, Marjolein H.; Kwint, Michael; Janssen, Irene M.; Hoischen, Alexander; Schenck, Annette; Bo, Tan; Pfundt, Rolph; Yntema, Helger G.; de Vries, Bert B. A.; Kleefstra, Tjitske; Brunner, Han G.; Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M.; Veltman, Joris A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Radboud Inst Mol Life Sci, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Gilissen, Christian; Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y.; Thung, Djie Tjwan; van de Vorst, Maartje; van Bon, Bregje W. M.; Willemsen, Marjolein H.; Kwint, Michael; Janssen, Irene M.; Hoischen, Alexander; Schenck, Annette; Bo, Tan; Pfundt, Rolph; Yntema, Helger G.; de Vries, Bert B. A.; Kleefstra, Tjitske; Brunner, Han G.; Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M.; Veltman, Joris A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Ctr Neurosci, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Leach, Richard; Klein, Robert; Tearle, Rick] Complete Genom Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bo, Tan] Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Med Genet, Changsha 410078, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Gilissen, Christian; Brunner, Han G.; Veltman, Joris A.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, NL-6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Veltman, JA (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Radboud Inst Mol Life Sci, Dept Human Genet, Geert Grootepl 10, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM joris.veltman@radboudumc.nl RI Kleefstra, Tjitske/G-2619-2012; Brunner, Han/C-9928-2013; Vissers, Lisenka/A-2598-2015; Veltman, Joris/F-5128-2010 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [912-12-109, 916-14-043, 916-12-095, 907-00-365, SH-271-13]; European Research Council (ERC) [DENOVO 281964] FX We thank R. Drmanac, K. Albers, J. Goeman, D. Lugtenberg and P. N. Robinson for useful discussions, and M. Steehouwer, P. de Vries and W. Nillesen for technical support. This work was in part financially supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (912-12-109 to J. A. V., A. S. and B.B.A.d.V., 916-14-043 to C. G., 916-12-095 to A. H., 907-00-365 to T. K. and SH-271-13 to C. G. and J. A. V.) and the European Research Council (ERC Starting grant DENOVO 281964 to J.A.V.). 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EM sb205@cam.ac.uk; mcl45@cam.ac.uk FU UK Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust; Autism Research Trust; William Binks Autism Neuroscience Fellowship; European Autism Interventions - A Multicentre Study for Developing New Medications (EU-AIMS); Wolfson College, Cambridge FX This study received funding from the UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, and the Autism Research Trust. Meng-Chuan Lai was supported by the William Binks Autism Neuroscience Fellowship, the European Autism Interventions - A Multicentre Study for Developing New Medications (EU-AIMS), and Wolfson College, Cambridge. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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music; emotion; fMRI ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES; CHILDREN; FACE; ALEXITHYMIA; RECOGNITION; EXPERIENCE AB Music is a potent source for eliciting emotions, but not everybody experience emotions in the same way. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties with social and emotional cognition. Impairments in emotion recognition are widely studied in ASD, and have been associated with atypical brain activation in response to emotional expressions in faces and speech. Whether these impairments and atypical brain responses generalize to other domains, such as emotional processing of music, is less clear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural correlates of emotion recognition in music in high-functioning adults with ASD and neurotypical adults. Both groups engaged similar neural networks during processing of emotional music, and individuals with ASD rated emotional music comparable to the group of neurotypical individuals. However, in the ASD group, increased activity in response to happy compared to sad music was observed in dorsolateral prefrontal regions and in the rolandic operculum/insula, and we propose that this reflects increased cognitive processing and physiological arousal in response to emotional musical stimuli in this group. C1 [Gebauer, Line; Skewes, Joshua; Westphael, Gitte; Vuust, Peter] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, Dept Clin Med, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Gebauer, Line] Aarhus Univ, Interacting Minds Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Heaton, Pamela] Goldsmiths Univ London, Dept Psychol, London, England. [Vuust, Peter] Royal Acad Mus, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Gebauer, L (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, Dept Clin Med, Noerrebrogade 44,Build 10G,5th Floor, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM gebauer@pet.auh.dk FU Lundbeck Foundation [R32-A2846] FX This work was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation (R32-A2846 to Line Gebauer). 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TI The neural correlates of visuo-spatial working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder: effects of cognitive load SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Working memory; Autism spectrum disorder; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Executive function; Cognitive load; Frontal lobe; Parietal lobe ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DORSAL VISUAL PATHWAY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; LEARNING-DIFFICULTIES; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; GREY-MATTER; BRAIN; DEFICITS; FMRI AB Background: Research on the neural bases of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has shown that working memory (WM) difficulties are associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. However, cognitive load impacts these findings, and no studies have examined the relation between WM load and neural underpinnings in children with ASD. Thus, the current study determined the effects of cognitive load on WM, using a visuo-spatial WM capacity task in children with and without ASD with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: We used fMRI and a 1-back colour matching task (CMT) task with four levels of difficulty to compare the cortical activation patterns associated with WM in children (7-13 years old) with high functioning autism (N = 19) and matched controls (N = 17) across cognitive load. Results: Performance on CMT was comparable between groups, with the exception of one difficulty level. Using linear trend analyses, the control group showed increasing activation as a function of difficulty level in frontal and parietal lobes, particularly between the highest difficulty levels, and decreasing activation as a function of difficulty level in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri. In contrast, children with ASD showed increasing activation only in posterior brain regions and decreasing activation in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri, as a function of difficulty level. Significant differences were found in the precuneus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial premotor cortex, where control children showed greater positive linear relations between cortical activity and task difficulty level, particularly at the highest difficulty levels, but children with ASD did not show these trends. Conclusions: Children with ASD showed differences in activation in the frontal and parietal lobes-both critical substrates for visuo-spatial WM. Our data suggest that children with ASD rely mainly on posterior brain regions associated with visual and lower level processing, whereas controls showed activity in frontal lobes related to the classic WM network. Findings will help guide future work by localizing areas of vulnerability to developmental disturbances. C1 [Vogan, Vanessa M.; Morgan, Benjamin R.; Lee, Wayne; Powell, Tamara L.; Smith, Mary Lou; Taylor, Margot J.] Hosp Sick Children, Diagnost Imaging & Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Vogan, Vanessa M.; Taylor, Margot J.] Univ Toronto, Ontario Inst Studies Educ, Dept Appl Psychol & Human Dev, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada. [Smith, Mary Lou; Taylor, Margot J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada. RP Vogan, VM (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Diagnost Imaging & Res Inst, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM vanessa.vogan@sickkids.ca FU Crescent School in Toronto; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-106582] FX The authors would like to thank all of the families and children for their support and participation. We would also like to thank Rina Goukon for her assistance with participant recruitment and data collection. Many thanks to Rachel Leung and Becky Baatjes for administering the ADOS-R and ADOS-2 and Dr. Jessica Brian for reviewing all assessments. Sincere thanks to our MRI technicians, Ruth Weiss and Tammy Rayner, for all their support in data acquisition. The authors would also like to thank Marie Arsalidou for developing the CMT task and allowing us to use it. Lastly, thanks to Crescent School in Toronto for their support and participation in this project. This research was funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-106582) and preliminary analyses of these data were presented as a poster at the International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR) 2013. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 6 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1866-1955-6-19 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL6ZU UT WOS:000339283400001 PM 25057329 ER PT J AU Mostafa, GA El-Sherif, DF Ai-Ayadhi, LY AF Mostafa, Gehan A. El-Sherif, Dalia F. Ai-Ayadhi, Laila Y. TI Systemic auto-antibodies in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anti-ds-DNA antibodies; ANA, autism; Autoimmunity; Family history of autoimmunity ID ELEVATED SERUM-LEVELS; LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; INCREASED FREQUENCY; FAMILY-HISTORY; ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS; PROTEIN; BRAIN AB Autoimmunity to central nervous system may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism. A subset of anti-ds-DNA antibodies has been recently proved to be pathogenic to the brain as well as to the kidney. Due to the paucity of studies investigating the frequency of systemic auto-antibodies in autism, we are the first to investigate the frequency of anti-ds-DNA antibodies in a group of autistic children. The seropositivity of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) was also investigated. Serum anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA were measured in 100 autistic children, aged between 4 and 11 years, in comparison to 100 healthy-matched children. The seropositivity of anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA in autistic children was 34% and 25%, respectively. In addition, 42% of autistic children were seropositive for anti-ds-DNA antibodies and/or ANA. The frequencies of anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA in autistic children were significantly higher than that in healthy children (4% and 2%, respectively), (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Autistic children with a family history of autoimmunity (45%) had significantly higher frequency of serum anti-ds-DNA antibodies (48.9%) than patients without such a history (21.8%), P = 0.008. There was a significant positive association between the seropositivity of anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA (P < 0.001). In conclusion, anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA were found in the sera of a subgroup of autistic children. However, replication studies of larger samples are warranted to validate whether these antibodies are a mere association or have a pathogenic role in some autistic children. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mostafa, Gehan A.; El-Sherif, Dalia F.] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Cairo, Egypt. [Mostafa, Gehan A.; Ai-Ayadhi, Laila Y.] King Saud Univ, Fac Med, Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Dept Physiol,Al Amodi Autism Res Chair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Mostafa, GA (reprint author), 9 Ahmed El Samman St Makram Ebaid, Cairo 11511, Egypt. EM gehan.mostafa2000@yahoo.com FU King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; NPST, Health Research and Studies Program at Kind Saud University FX This work was financially supported by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was also supported by NPST, Health Research and Studies Program at Kind Saud University. 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Sahin, Mustafa TI Neuronal Tsc1/2 complex controls autophagy through AMPK-dependent regulation of ULK1 SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; SERINE/THREONINE KINASE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; ENHANCE AUTOPHAGY; PHOSPHORYLATION; DYSFUNCTION; CELLS AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a disorder arising from mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, characterized by the development of hamartomas in various organs and neurological manifestations including epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism. TSC1/2 protein complex negatively regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) a master regulator of protein synthesis, cell growth and autophagy. Autophagy is a cellular quality-control process that sequesters cytosolic material in double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and degrades it in autolysosomes. Previous studies in dividing cells have shown that mTORC1 blocks autophagy through inhibition of Unc-51-like-kinase1/2 (ULK1/2). Despite the fact that autophagy plays critical roles in neuronal homeostasis, little is known on the regulation of autophagy in neurons. Here we show that unlike in non-neuronal cells, Tsc2-deficient neurons have increased autolysosome accumulation and autophagic flux despite mTORC1-dependent inhibition of ULK1. Our data demonstrate that loss of Tsc2 results in autophagic activity via AMPK-dependent activation of ULK1. Thus, in Tsc2-knockdown neurons AMPK activation is the dominant regulator of autophagy. Notably, increased AMPK activity and autophagy activation are also found in the brains of Tsc1-conditional mouse models and in cortical tubers resected from TSC patients. Together, our findings indicate that neuronal Tsc1/2 complex activity is required for the coordinated regulation of autophagy by AMPK. By uncovering the autophagy dysfunction associated with Tsc2 loss in neurons, our work sheds light on a previously uncharacterized cellular mechanism that contributes to altered neuronal homeostasis in TSC disease. C1 [Di Nardo, Alessia; Wertz, Mary H.; Kwiatkowski, Erica; Tsai, Peter T.; Leech, Jarrett D.; Greene-Colozzi, Emily; Sahin, Mustafa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, FM Kirby Neurobiol Ctr,Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Goto, June; Kwiatkowski, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Translat Med,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dilsiz, Pelin; Talos, Delia M.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Clish, Clary B.] Broad Inst Massachusetts Inst Technol & Harvard U, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Sahin, M (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, 300 Longwood Ave,CLSB 13074, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu FU Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; Autism Speaks; Boston Children's Hospital Translational Research Program; National Institute of Health [P01 NS024279, K08 NS083733]; Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance; FACES [Finding a Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA [HHSN275200900011C, N01-HD-9-0011] FX This work was supported by Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation, Autism Speaks and Boston Children's Hospital Translational Research Program (to M. S.), National Institute of Health [P01 NS024279 (to D.J.K.) and K08 NS083733 (to P. T. T.)], the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance (to A.D.N.), FACES [Finding a Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures (to D. M. T.)]. Control human tissue was obtained from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA, contract HHSN275200900011C, Ref. No. N01-HD-9-0011. 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Mol. Genet. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 23 IS 14 BP 3865 EP 3874 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddu101 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AK7TJ UT WOS:000338630300021 PM 24599401 ER PT J AU Forrester, GS Pegler, R Thomas, MSC Mareschal, D AF Forrester, Gillian S. Pegler, Ruth Thomas, Michael S. C. Mareschal, Denis TI Handedness as a marker of cerebral lateralization in children with and without autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cerebral lateralization; Handedness; Autism; Self-directed behavior ID CHIMPANZEES PAN-TROGLODYTES; HAND PREFERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; EMOTIONAL VALENCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BRAIN; ASYMMETRIES; LANGUAGE AB We employed a multiple case studies approach to investigate lateralization of hand actions in typically and atypically developing children between 4 and 5 years of age. We report on a detailed set of over 1200 hand actions made by four typically developing boys and four boys with autism. Participants were assessed for unimanual hand actions to both objects and the self (self-directed behaviors). Individual and group analyses suggest that typically developing children have a right hand dominance for hand actions to objects and a left hand dominance for hand actions for self-directed behaviors, revealing a possible dissociation for functional specialization of the left and right hemispheres respectively. Children with autism demonstrated mixed-handedness for both target conditions, consistent with the hypothesis that there is reduced cerebral specialization in these children. The findings are consistent with the view that observed lateralized motor action can serve as an indirect behavioral marker for evidence of cerebral lateralization. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Forrester, Gillian S.; Pegler, Ruth] Univ Westminster, Dept Psychol, London W1B 2HW, England. [Thomas, Michael S. C.; Mareschal, Denis] Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Psychol Sci, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Forrester, GS (reprint author), Univ Westminster, Dept Psychol, 309 Regent St, London W1B 2HW, England. EM g.forrester@westminster.ac.uk FU European (ANALOGY) [FP6-NEST-029088]; European (ACT) [FP7-MC-ITN-289404]; ESRC [RES-062-23-2721]; University of Westminster's Psychology Publication Stimulus Scheme FX We are grateful to the parents, teachers and children of Livingstone Primary School for their participation and to Dr. Kristelle Hudry for conducting diagnostic testing. We gratefully acknowledge funding support provided in part by European Grants: FP6-NEST-029088(ANALOGY), FP7-MC-ITN-289404(ACT), ESRC grant RES-062-23-2721 and the University of Westminster's Psychology Publication Stimulus Scheme. 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Brain Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 268 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.040 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AJ4MQ UT WOS:000337650900003 PM 24704491 ER PT J AU Weidner, KL Buenaventura, DF Chadman, KK AF Weidner, Kate L. Buenaventura, Diego F. Chadman, Kathryn K. TI Mice over-expressing BDNF in forebrain neurons develop an altered behavioral phenotype with age SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Brain derived neurotrophic factor; Transgenic mice; Autism; Social approach; Behavioral phenotype ID MARBLE-BURYING BEHAVIOR; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY; OVEREXPRESSING MICE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INBRED STRAINS; PROTEIN-LEVELS; AUTISM; MOUSE AB Evidence from clinical studies suggests that abnormal activity of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). A genetically modified line of mice over-expressing a BDNF transgene in forebrain neurons was used to investigate if this mutation leads to changes in behavior consistent with ASD. The mice used in these experiments were behaviorally tested past 5 months of age when spontaneous seizures were evident. These seizures were not observed in age-matched wildtype (WT) mice or younger mice from this transgenic line. The BDNF mice in these experiments weighed less than their WT littermates. The BDNF transgenic (BDNF-tg) mice demonstrated similar levels of sociability in the social approach test. Conversely, the BDNF-tg mice demonstrated less obsessive compulsive-like behavior in the marble burying test, less anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test, and less depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Changes in behavior were found in these older mice that have not been observed in younger mice from this transgenic line, which may be due to the development of seizures as the mice age. These mice do not have an ASD phenotype but may be useful to study adult onset epilepsy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weidner, Kate L.; Buenaventura, Diego F.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Weidner, Kate L.; Buenaventura, Diego F.; Chadman, Kathryn K.] New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Chadman, KK (reprint author), New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Dev Neurobiol, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM klw7fu@virginia.edu; kathryn.chadman@opwdd.ny.gov FU New York State Office for People with Developmental Disabilities; Center for Developmental Neuroscience at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York FX This work was supported by the New York State Office for People with Developmental Disabilities and was done in conjunction with the Center for Developmental Neuroscience at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York. We thank Dr. G.Y. Wen for PCR equipment and Dr. J.N. Crawley for the gift of the original BDNF-tg breeding pairs. We also thank Drs. G.Y. Wen and S.R. Guariglia, for critical reading of the manuscript. 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Mallar TI Derivation of high-resolution MRI atlases of the human cerebellum at 3 T and segmentation using multiple automatically generated templates SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE MRI; High resolution; Atlas; Cerebellum; Lobule; Automatic ID INTRINSIC FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE SYNDROME; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; WARPING TECHNIQUES; BRAIN; REGISTRATION; AUTISM; VERMIS AB The cerebellum has classically been linked to motor learning and coordination. However, there is renewed interest in the role of the cerebellum in non-motor functions such as cognition and in the context of different neuropsychiatric disorders. The contribution of neuroimaging studies to advancing understanding of cerebellar structure and function has been limited, partly due to the cerebellum being understudied as a result of contrast and resolution limitations of standard structural magnetic resonance images (MRI). These limitations inhibit proper visualization of the highly compact and detailed cerebellar foliations. In addition, there is a lack of robust algorithms that automatically and reliably identify the cerebellum and its subregions, further complicating the design of large-scale studies of the cerebellum. As such, automated segmentation of the cerebellar lobules would allow detailed population studies of the cerebellum and its subregions. In this manuscript, we describe a novel set of high-resolution in vivo atlases of the cerebellum developed by pairing MR imaging with a carefully validated manual segmentation protocol. Using these cerebellar atlases as inputs, we validate a novel automated segmentation algorithm that takes advantage of the neuroanatomical variability that exists in a given population under study in order to automatically identify the cerebellum, and its lobules. Our automatic segmentation results demonstrate good accuracy in the identification of all lobules (mean Kappa [kappa] = 0.731; range 0.40-0.89), and the entire cerebellum (means kappa = 0.925; range 0.90-0.94) when compared to "gold-standard" manual segmentations. These results compare favorably in comparison to other publically available methods for automatic segmentation of the cerebellum. The completed cerebellar atlases are available freely online (http://imaging-genetics.camh.ca/cerebellum) and can be customized to the unique neuroanatomy of different subjects using the proposed segmentation pipeline (https://github.com/pipitone/MAGeTbrain). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Min Tae M.; Pipitone, Jon; Winterburn, Julie L.; Shah, Yashvi; Voineskos, Aristotle N.; Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Res Imaging Ctr, Kimel Family Translat Imaging Genet Res Lab, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. [Baer, Lawrence H.] Concordia Univ, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Chavez, Sofia; Lobaugh, Nancy J.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Res Imaging Ctr, MRI Unit, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. [Chavez, Sofia; Voineskos, Aristotle N.; Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Schira, Mark M.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Psychol, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Schira, Mark M.] Neurosci Res Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Lobaugh, Nancy J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lerch, Jason P.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Lerch, Jason P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Park, MTM (reprint author), Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Res Imaging Ctr, Kimel Family Translat Imaging Genet Res Lab, 250 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. EM mtpark89@gmail.com; mallar.chakravarty@camh.ca FU CAMH Foundation; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ontario Mental Health Foundation; NARSAD; National Institute of Mental Health [R01MH099167]; Canada Foundation for Innovation under the Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto FX We wish to thank Anusha Ravichandran for help with image acquisition, and we acknowledge support from the CAMH Foundation, thanks to Michael and Sonja Koerner, the Kimel Family, and the Paul E. Garfinkel New Investigator Catalyst Award. MMC is funded by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation and ANV is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Mental Health Foundation, NARSAD, and the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH099167). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by: the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. 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TI Rigidity, chaos and integration: hemispheric interaction and individual differences in metaphor comprehension SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metaphors; creative language; cerebral hemispheres; network science; chaos; rigidity; integration ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; SEMANTIC NETWORKS; CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; BRAIN; LANGUAGE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CREATIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Neurotypical individuals cope flexibly with the full range of semantic relations expressed in human language, including metaphoric relations. This impressive semantic ability may be associated with distinct and flexible patterns of hemispheric interaction, including higher right hemisphere (RH) involvement for processing novel metaphors. However this ability may be impaired in specific clinical conditions, such as Asperger syndrome (AS) and schizophrenia. The impaired semantic processing is accompanied by different patterns of hemispheric interaction during semantic processing, showing either reduced (in Asperger syndrome) or excessive (in schizophrenia) RH involvement. This paper interprets these individual differences using the terms Rigidity Chaos and Integration, which describe patterns of semantic memory network states that either lead to semantic well-being or are disruptive of it. We argue that these semantic network states lie on a rigidity-chaos semantic continuum. We define these terms via network science terminology and provide network, cognitive and neural evidence to support our claim. This continuum includes left hemisphere (LH) hyper rigid semantic memory state on one end (e g., in persons with AS), and RH chaotic and over-flexible semantic memory state on the other end (e.g., in persons with schizophrenia). In between these two extremes lie different states of semantic memory structure which are related to individual differences in semantic creativity. We suggest that efficient semantic processing is achieved by semantic integration, a balance between semantic rigidity and semantic chaos. Such integration is achieved via intra-hemispheric communication. However, impairments to this well-balanced and integrated pattern of hemispheric interaction, e.g., when one hemisphere dominates the other, may lead to either semantic rigidity or semantic chaos, moving away from semantic integration and thus impairing the processing of metaphoric language. C1 [Faust, Miriam; Kenett, Yoed N.] Bar Ilan Univ, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinar, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Faust, Miriam] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Faust, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinar, Bldg 901, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM faustm@mail.biu.ac.il FU Israel Science Foundation (ISF) [724/09]; I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee FX We thank Dror Kenett for his helpful remarks on this manuscript. This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant (number 724/09) to Miriam Faust and partially supported by the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee. 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PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 186 DI 10.3389/fnins.2014.00186 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AW8GE UT WOS:000346498400001 PM 25071431 ER PT J AU Bacchelli, E Ceroni, F Pinto, D Lomartire, S Giannandrea, M D'Adamo, P Bonora, E Parchi, P Tancredi, R Battaglia, A Maestrini, E AF Bacchelli, Elena Ceroni, Fabiola Pinto, Dalila Lomartire, Silvia Giannandrea, Maila D'Adamo, Patrizia Bonora, Elena Parchi, Piero Tancredi, Raffaella Battaglia, Agatino Maestrini, Elena TI A CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion implicates a role for alpha T-catenin in susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); CTNNA3; alpha T-catenin; Alpha T-catenin; Cell adhesion; DNA copy number variants ID ONSET ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; REPEAT TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS; COMMON FRAGILE SITES; RARE DE-NOVO; CELL-ADHESION; GENES; EXPRESSION; VARIANTS AB Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable, neurodevelopmental condition showing extreme genetic heterogeneity. While it is well established that rare genetic variation, both de novo and inherited, plays an important role in ASD risk, recent studies also support a rare recessive contribution. Methods: We identified a compound heterozygous deletion intersecting the CTNNA3 gene, encoding alpha T-catenin, in a proband with ASD and moderate intellectual disability. The deletion breakpoints were mapped at base-pair resolution, and segregation analysis was performed. We compared the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions in 2,147 ASD cases from the Autism Genome Project (AGP) study versus the frequency in 6,639 controls. Western blot analysis was performed to get a quantitative characterisation of Ctnna3 expression during early brain development in mouse. Results: The CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion includes a coding exon, leading to a putative frameshift and premature stop codon. Segregation analysis in the family showed that the unaffected sister is heterozygote for the deletion, having only inherited the paternal deletion. While the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions is not significantly different between ASD cases and controls, no homozygous or compound heterozygous exonic deletions were found in a sample of over 6,000 controls. Expression analysis of Ctnna3 in the mouse cortex and hippocampus (P0-P90) provided support for its role in the early stage of brain development. Conclusion: The finding of a rare compound heterozygous CTNNA3 exonic deletion segregating with ASD, the absence of CTNNA3 homozygous exonic deletions in controls and the high expression of Ctnna3 in both brain areas analysed implicate CTNNA3 in ASD susceptibility. C1 [Bacchelli, Elena; Ceroni, Fabiola; Lomartire, Silvia; Maestrini, Elena] Univ Bologna, Dept Pharm & Biotechnol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mindich Child Hlth & Dev Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Giannandrea, Maila; D'Adamo, Patrizia] Ist Sci San Raffaele, Div Neurosci, Dulbecco Telethon Inst, I-20132 Milan, Italy. [D'Adamo, Patrizia] Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, I-20132 Milan, Italy. [Bonora, Elena] Univ Bologna, S Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Unit Med Genet, I-40138 Bologna, Italy. [Parchi, Piero] IRCCS Inst Neurol Sci, I-40139 Bologna, Italy. [Parchi, Piero] Univ Bologna, Dept Biomed & Neuromotor Sci, I-40139 Bologna, Italy. [Tancredi, Raffaella; Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, I-56128 Pisa, Italy. RP Maestrini, E (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Pharm & Biotechnol, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM elena.maestrini@unibo.it FU University of Bologna (RFO) FX We gratefully acknowledge all the families who have participated in the study, the professionals who made this study possible and the international Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium for sharing pre-publication CTNNA3 CNV data and controls and for advice. We wish to thank Jolanda van Hengel for providing the anti-alpha T-catenin polyclonal antibody. Funding for this work comes from the University of Bologna (RFO). 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Given the accumulating data on the possible role of translation in the etiology of ASD, we analyzed potential effects of rare synonymous substitutions associated with ASD on mRNA stability, splicing enhancers and silencers, and codon usage. Presentation of the hypothesis: We hypothesize that subtle impairment of translation, resulting in dosage imbalance of neuron-specific proteins, contributes to the etiology of ASD synergistically with environmental neurotoxins. Testing the hypothesis: A statistically significant shift from optimal to suboptimal codons caused by rare synonymous substitutions associated with ASD was detected whereas no effect on other analyzed characteristics of transcripts was identified. This result suggests that the impact of rare codons on the translation of genes involved in neuron development, even if slight in magnitude, could contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD in the presence of an aggressive chemical background. This hypothesis could be tested by further analysis of ASD-associated mutations, direct biochemical characterization of their effects, and assessment of in vivo effects on animal models. C1 [Poliakov, Eugenia] NEI, Retinal Cell & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Koonin, Eugene V.; Rogozin, Igor B.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Koonin, EV (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; rogozin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Eye Institute; Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health (US Department Health and Human Services) FX This work was supported by the by the Intramural Research Program of the National Eye Institute and the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health (US Department Health and Human Services). 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Direct PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 9 AR 16 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-9-16 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AL3GX UT WOS:000339016000001 PM 25011470 ER PT J AU Agam, Y Vangel, M Roffman, JL Gallagher, PJ Chaponis, J Haddad, S Goff, DC Greenberg, JL Wilhelm, S Smoller, JW Manoach, DS AF Agam, Yigal Vangel, Mark Roffman, Joshua L. Gallagher, Patience J. Chaponis, Jonathan Haddad, Stephen Goff, Donald C. Greenberg, Jennifer L. Wilhelm, Sabine Smoller, Jordan W. Manoach, Dara S. TI Dissociable Genetic Contributions to Error Processing: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EVENT-RELATED FMRI; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE; DOPAMINE-D4 RECEPTOR GENE; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Background: Neuroimaging studies reliably identify two markers of error commission: the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential, and functional MRI activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). While theorized to reflect the same neural process, recent evidence suggests that the ERN arises from the posterior cingulate cortex not the dACC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these two error markers also have different genetic mediation. Methods: We measured both error markers in a sample of 92 comprised of healthy individuals and those with diagnoses of schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder. Participants performed the same task during functional MRI and simultaneously acquired magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. We examined the mediation of the error markers by two single nucleotide polymorphisms: dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) C-521T (rs1800955), which has been associated with the ERN and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133), which has been associated with error-related dACC activation. We then compared the effects of each polymorphism on the two error markers modeled as a bivariate response. Results: We replicated our previous report of a posterior cingulate source of the ERN in healthy participants in the schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder groups. The effect of genotype on error markers did not differ significantly by diagnostic group. DRD4 C-521T allele load had a significant linear effect on ERN amplitude, but not on dACC activation, and this difference was significant. MTHFR C677T allele load had a significant linear effect on dACC activation but not ERN amplitude, but the difference in effects on the two error markers was not significant. Conclusions: DRD4 C-521T, but not MTHFR C677T, had a significant differential effect on two canonical error markers. Together with the anatomical dissociation between the ERN and error-related dACC activation, these findings suggest that these error markers have different neural and genetic mediation. C1 [Agam, Yigal; Roffman, Joshua L.; Goff, Donald C.; Greenberg, Jennifer L.; Wilhelm, Sabine; Smoller, Jordan W.; Manoach, Dara S.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Agam, Yigal; Vangel, Mark; Manoach, Dara S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [Gallagher, Patience J.; Chaponis, Jonathan; Haddad, Stephen; Smoller, Jordan W.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Manoach, DS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dara@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu FU NIH [F32 MH088081, K24MH094614, R01 MH67720] FX This work was supported in part by NIH grants F32 MH088081 (YA); K24MH094614 (JWS); and R01 MH67720 (DSM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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developing human brain remains one of the few unsolved mysteries of science. Advancements in developmental biology, neuroscience, and medical imaging have brought us closer than ever to understand brain development in health and disease. However, the precise role of mechanics throughout this process remains underestimated and poorly understood. Here we show that mechanical stretch plays a crucial role in brain development. Using the nonlinear field theories of mechanics supplemented by the theory of finite growth, we model the human brain as a living system with a morphogenetically growing outer surface and a stretch-driven growing inner core. This approach seamlessly integrates the two popular but competing hypotheses for cortical folding: axonal tension and differential growth. We calibrate our model using magnetic resonance images from very preterm neonates. Our model predicts that deviations in cortical growth and thickness induce morphological abnormalities. Using the gyrification index, the ratio between the total and exposed surface area, we demonstrate that these abnormalities agree with the classical pathologies of lissencephaly and polymicrogyria. Understanding the mechanisms of cortical folding in the developing human brain has direct implications in the diagnostics and treatment of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. C1 [Budday, Silvia; Kuhl, Ellen] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Raybaud, Charles] Hosp Sick Children, Div Neuroradiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Kuhl, Ellen] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kuhl, E (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ekuhl@stanford.edu RI Kuhl, Ellen/G-4444-2011 OI Kuhl, Ellen/0000-0002-6283-935X FU National Science Foundation CAREER Award [CMMI 0952021]; National Science Foundation INSPIRE Grant [1233054]; National Institutes of Health [U54 GM072970] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation CAREER Award CMMI 0952021 and the INSPIRE Grant 1233054 and by the National Institutes of Health Grant U54 GM072970 to E.K. 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However, their loss leads to deficits that have been best characterized with regard to their effect on excitatory cells(1,2). Notably, other disease-associated genes such as BDNF and ERBB4 implicate specific interneuron synapses in psychiatric disorders(3,4). Consistent with this, cortical interneuron dysfunction has been linked to epilepsy, schizophrenia and autism(5,6). Using a microarray screen that focused upon synapse-associated molecules, we identified Cntnap4 (contactin associated protein-like 4, also known as Caspr4) as highly enriched in developing murine interneurons. In this study we show that Cntnap4 is localized presynaptically and its loss leads to a reduction in the output of cortical parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid producing) basket cells. Paradoxically, the loss of Cntnap4 augments midbrain dopaminergic release in the nucleus accumbens. In Cntnap4 mutant mice, synaptic defects in these disease-relevant neuronal populations are mirrored by sensory-motor gating and grooming endophenotypes; these symptoms could be pharmacologically reversed, providing promise for therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. C1 [Karayannis, T.; Au, E.; Kruglikov, I.; Restituito, S.; Roy, N. C.; Rudy, B.; Hoeffer, C.; Tsien, R. W.; Fishell, G.] NYU, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Neurosci Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Patel, J. C.; Rice, M. E.] NYU, Dept Neurosurg Neurosci & Physiol, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Markx, S.; Rodriguez-Murillo, L.; Karayiorgou, M.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Delorme, R.; Hakonarson, H.; Huguet, G.; Bourgeron, T.] Inst Pasteur, Human Genet & Cognit Funct Unit, F-75724 Paris, France. [Delorme, R.; Huguet, G.; Bourgeron, T.] Inst Pasteur, URA Genes Synapses & Cognit 2182, CNRS, F-75724 Paris, France. [Delorme, R.] Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, F-75019 Paris, France. [Heron, D.] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Unite Fonct Genet Med, Dept Genet & Cytogenet,Ctr Reference,CRicm,UMR S9, F-75013 Paris, France. [Salomon, D.; Gordon, A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Cell Biol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Glessner, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Roy, N. C.] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Sect Synapt Transmiss, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gogos, J. A.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Gogos, J. A.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cellular Biophys & Neurosci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Keren, B.] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Unite Fonct Genet Chromosom, Dept Genet & Cytogenet,CRicm,UMR S975, F-75013 Paris, France. [Huguet, G.; Bourgeron, T.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75005 Paris, France. [Bourgeron, T.] FondaMental Fdn, F-94000 Creteil, France. RP Fishell, G (reprint author), NYU, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Neurosci Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM gordon.fishell@med.nyu.edu RI Karayannis, Theofanis/O-5194-2014 FU NIH [R01 NS081297, R01 MH071679, R01 NS074972, P01 NS074972, R01 NS036362, R01 DA033811, NS30989, NS50220]; Simons Foundation [94534]; Attilio and Olympia Ricciardi Research Fund; Israel Science Foundation; Patterson Trust; Roche; New York State through its NYSTEM initiative [C024326]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; NYU COE Addiction Seed Grant; Institut Pasteur; INSERM; AP-HP; University Paris Diderot; Bettencourt-Schueller foundation; Orange foundation; FondaMental foundation; Conny-Maeva foundation; Cognacq-Jay foundation FX The authors are grateful to R. Froemke for critically reading the manuscript, to B. Benedetti, M. McKenzie Chang, L. Cobbs, B. A. Heller, T. Petros and N. Yumoto (all NYU) for help with experiments and analysis and to Charles Nicholson (NYU) for providing specialized software to analyse Vmax. Research in the Fishell laboratory is supported by the NIH (grants R01 NS081297, R01 MH071679, R01 NS074972, P01 NS074972 to B. R. and G. F.) and the Simons Foundation (94534). The Rice laboratory is supported by the NIH (grants R01 NS036362 and R01 DA033811) and the Attilio and Olympia Ricciardi Research Fund. The Rudy laboratory is supported by the NIH (NS30989). The Peles laboratory is supported by the NIH (grant NS50220) and the Israel Science Foundation. T. K. support was provided through postdoctoral fellowships from the Patterson Trust and Roche. E. A. support was provided by New York State through its NYSTEM initiative (C024326) and fellowship from Canadian Institutes of Health Research. J.C.P support was provided by NYU COE Addiction Seed Grant. This work was funded by the Institut Pasteur, INSERM, AP-HP, University Paris Diderot and the Bettencourt-Schueller, Orange, FondaMental, Conny-Maeva, Cognacq-Jay foundations. 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Questions about the face, however, also fit into a very different set of issues that are central to ethics. Based especially on the work of Levinas, philosophers have come to see that reference to the face of another person can anchor conceptions of moral responsibility and ethical demand. Levinas points to a certain irreducibility and transcendence implicit in the face of the other. In this paper I argue that the notion of transcendence involved in this kind of analysis can be given a naturalistic interpretation by drawing on recent interactive approaches to social cognition found in developmental psychology, phenomenology, and the study of autism. C1 [Gallagher, Shaun] Memphis State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Gallagher, Shaun] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Humanities, Dept Philosophy, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Gallagher, Shaun] Univ Wollongong, Fac Law Humanities & Arts, Dept Philosophy, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. 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Schneider, Andrea Bickel, Erika Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth Prescott, Christina Hessl, David TI Improving IQ measurement in intellectual disabilities using true deviation from population norms SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE IQ; Intellectual disability; Autism spectrum disorder; Fragile X syndrome; Cognitive assessment ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COGNITIVE-ABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM; INTELLIGENCE; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; CARRIERS AB Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by global cognitive deficits, yet the very IQ tests used to assess ID have limited range and precision in this population, especially for more impaired individuals. Methods: We describe the development and validation of a method of raw z-score transformation (based on general population norms) that ameliorates floor effects and improves the precision of IQ measurement in ID using the Stanford Binet 5 (SB5) in fragile X syndrome (FXS; n = 106), the leading inherited cause of ID, and in individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 205). We compared the distributional characteristics and Q-Q plots from the standardized scores with the deviation z-scores. Additionally, we examined the relationship between both scoring methods and multiple criterion measures. Results: We found evidence that substantial and meaningful variation in cognitive ability on standardized IQ tests among individuals with ID is lost when converting raw scores to standardized scaled, index and IQ scores. Use of the deviation z-score method rectifies this problem, and accounts for significant additional variance in criterion validation measures, above and beyond the usual IQ scores. Additionally, individual and group-level cognitive strengths and weaknesses are recovered using deviation scores. Conclusion: Traditional methods for generating IQ scores in lower functioning individuals with ID are inaccurate and inadequate, leading to erroneously flat profiles. However assessment of cognitive abilities is substantially improved by measuring true deviation in performance from standardization sample norms. This work has important implications for standardized test development, clinical assessment, and research for which IQ is an important measure of interest in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and other forms of cognitive impairment. C1 [Sansone, Stephanie M.; Schneider, Andrea; Bickel, Erika; Hessl, David] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth; Prescott, Christina] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth; Prescott, Christina] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth; Prescott, Christina] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Hessl, David] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Schneider, Andrea] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Hessl, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM david.hessl@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [1U24MH081810]; UC Davis School of Medicine Office; National Fragile X Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium and the participating AGRE families. The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange is a program of Autism Speaks and is supported, in part, by grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Clara M Lajonchere (PI). We thank Gale Roid (lead author of the SB5), Elizabeth Allen (Director of Research and Development at PRO-ED, Inc.), Ryan Butler and Tiffany Torigoe (AGRE), and Shrikant Pandya (data entry at Rush). The UC Davis School of Medicine Office of the Dean and a philanthropic donation from the Fragile X LINKS Group of Greater Chicago in conjunction with the National Fragile X Foundation supported this work. 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Tierney, Elaine Gropman, Andrea L. Ewen, Joshua B. TI Variations in EEG discharges predict ADHD severity within individual Smith-Lemli-Opitz patients SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERICTAL EEG; EPILEPSY; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: We sought to examine the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) as well as the relationship between interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and within-subject variations in attentional symptom severity. Methods: In the context of a clinical trial for SLOS, we performed cross-sectional and repeated-measure observational studies of the relationship between EEG findings and cognitive/behavioral factors on 23 children (aged 4-17 years). EEGs were reviewed for clinical abnormalities, including IEDs, by readers blinded to participants' behavioral symptoms. Between-group differences in baseline characteristics of participants with and without IEDs were analyzed. Within-subject analyses examined the association between the presence of IEDs and changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Results: Of 85 EEGs, 43 (51%) were abnormal, predominantly because of IEDs. Only one subject had documented clinical seizures. IEDs clustered in 13 subjects (57%), whereas 9 subjects (39%) had EEGs consistently free of IEDs. While there were no significant group differences in sex, age, intellectual disability, language level, or baseline ADHD symptoms, autistic symptoms tended to be more prevalent in the "IED" group (according to Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 criteria). Within individuals, the presence of IEDs on a particular EEG predicted, on average, a 27% increase in ADHD symptom severity. Conclusions: Epileptiform discharges are common in SLOS, despite a relatively low prevalence of epilepsy. Fluctuations in the presence of epileptiform discharges within individual children with a developmental disability syndrome may be associated with fluctuations in ADHD symptomatology, even in the absence of clinical seizures. C1 [Schreiber, John M.] NINDS, EEG Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sparks, Susan E.; Gropman, Andrea L.] NHGRI, Med Genet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wassif, Christopher A.] NICHD, Program Dev Endocrinol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lanham, Diane C.; Tierney, Elaine] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Trescher, William H.; Ewen, Joshua B.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Trescher, William H.; Ewen, Joshua B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Tierney, Elaine] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Trescher, William H.; Porter, Forbes D.] Penn State Hershey Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurol, Hershey, PA USA. [Caffo, Brian S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gropman, Andrea L.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Gropman, Andrea L.] George Washington Univ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Ewen, JB (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM Ewen@kennedykrieger.org FU Autism Speaks; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Kennedy Krieger/Johns Hopkins NICHD Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center core grant [P30 HD024061]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH [UL1 TR 000424-06]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research; Bench to Bedside award from the Office of Rare Diseases; NIH Clinical Center; NICHD; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH [K23 NS073626] FX This research was supported by Autism Speaks, the intramural research program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and by the Kennedy Krieger/Johns Hopkins NICHD Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center core grant P30 HD024061. This publication was made possible by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), which is funded in part by grant UL1 TR 000424-06 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the Johns Hopkins ICTR, NCATS, or NIH. This project was also supported by a Bench to Bedside award to F. D. P. from the Office of Rare Diseases, NIH Clinical Center, and NICHD; and by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH grant K23 NS073626 awarded to J.B.E. CR AARTS JHP, 1984, BRAIN, V107, P293, DOI 10.1093/brain/107.1.293 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bates D, IME4 LINEAR MIXED EF BERNARDINA B D, 1976, Epilepsia, V17, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1976.tb03393.x Conners C. 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Senturk, Damla Varcin, Kandice Ko, Jordan McCarthy, Brigid Shimizu, Christina Dies, Kira Vogel-Farley, Vanessa Sahin, Mustafa Nelson, Charles A., III TI Early developmental trajectories associated with ASD in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SEIZURE ONSET; BABY SIBLINGS; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; RISK AB Objective: We performed a longitudinal cohort study of infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), with the overarching goal of defining early clinical, behavioral, and biological markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in this high-risk population. Methods: Infants with TSC and typically developing controls were recruited as early as 3 months of age and followed longitudinally until 36 months of age. Data gathered at each time point included detailed seizure history, developmental testing using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, and social-communication assessments using the Autism Observation Scale for Infants. At 18 to 36 months, a diagnostic evaluation for ASD was performed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results: Infants with TSC demonstrated delays confined to nonverbal abilities, particularly in the visual domain, which then generalized to more global delays by age 9 months. Twenty-two of 40 infants with TSC were diagnosed with ASD. Both 12-month cognitive ability and developmental trajectories over the second and third years of life differentiated the groups. By 12 months of age, the ASD group demonstrated significantly greater cognitive delays and a significant decline in nonverbal IQ from 12 to 36 months. Conclusions: This prospective study characterizes early developmental markers of ASD in infants with TSC. The early delay in visual reception and fine motor ability in the TSC group as a whole, coupled with the decline in nonverbal ability in infants diagnosed with ASD, suggests a domain-specific pathway to ASD that can inform more targeted interventions for these high-risk infants. C1 [Jeste, Shafali Spurling; Ko, Jordan; McCarthy, Brigid; Shimizu, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Jeste, Shafali Spurling] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Wu, Joyce Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mattel Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Neurol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Senturk, Damla] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Varcin, Kandice; Vogel-Farley, Vanessa; Nelson, Charles A., III] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, Labs Cognit Neurosci, Boston, MA USA. [Dies, Kira] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Div Dev Med,Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sahin, Mustafa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, FM Kirby Neurobiol Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jeste, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM Sjeste@mednet.ucla.edu FU Department of Defense (DOD CDMRP TSCRP); UCLA CTSI [UL1RR033176] FX Supported by the Department of Defense (DOD CDMRP TSCRP: 2011-2014) and UCLA CTSI (UL1RR033176). 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Kwok, Showming Banerjee, Abhishek Petravicz, Jeremy Woodson, Jonathan Mellios, Nikolaos Tropea, Daniela Sur, Mriganka TI Functional recovery with recombinant human IGF1 treatment in a mouse model of Rett Syndrome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE molecular therapeutic; respiration; synaptic function; male mice; female mice ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MECP2 MUTANT MICE; RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION; SYNDROME PHENOTYPES; BRAIN; NEURONS; PLASTICITY; DEFICITS; INACTIVATION AB Rett Syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises from mutations in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). MeCP2 has a large number of targets and a wide range of functions, suggesting the hypothesis that functional signaling mechanisms upstream of synaptic and circuit maturation may contribute to our understanding of the disorder and provide insight into potential treatment. Here, we show that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels are reduced in young male Mecp2-null (Mecp2(-/y)) mice, and systemic treatment with recombinant human IGF1 (rhIGF1) improves lifespan, locomotor activity, heart rate, respiration patterns, and social and anxiety behavior. Furthermore, Mecp2-null mice treated with rhIGF1 show increased synaptic and activated signaling pathway proteins, enhanced cortical excitatory synaptic transmission, and restored dendritic spine densities. IGF1 levels are also reduced in older, fully symptomatic heterozygous (Mecp2(-/+)) female mice, and short-term treatment with rhIGF1 in these animals improves respiratory patterns, reduces anxiety levels, and increases exploratory behavior. In addition, rhIGF1 treatment normalizes abnormally prolonged plasticity in visual cortex circuits of adult Mecp2(-/+) female mice. Our results provide characterization of the phenotypic development of Rett Syndrome in a mouse model at the molecular, circuit, and organismal levels and demonstrate a mechanism-based therapeutic role for rhIGF1 in treating Rett Syndrome. C1 [Castro, Jorge; Garcia, Rodrigo I.; Kwok, Showming; Banerjee, Abhishek; Petravicz, Jeremy; Woodson, Jonathan; Mellios, Nikolaos; Sur, Mriganka] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tropea, Daniela] St James Hosp, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Neuropsychiat Genet Dept, Dublin D8, Ireland. RP Sur, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, E25-618, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM msur@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation [2388357]; Simons Center for the Social Brain; National Institutes of Health; Simons Foundation FX We thank Alexandra Clemente and Jitendra Sharma, along with members of the M. S. laboratory, for technical assistance. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 2388357 (to R. I. G.), a postdoctoral fellowship from the Simons Center for the Social Brain (to S. K. and A. B.), and grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Simons Foundation (to M.S.). 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Rahmoune, Hassan Bahn, Sabine TI Integrative proteomic analysis of the NMDA NR1 knockdown mouse model reveals effects on central and peripheral pathways associated with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE ApoA1; Glutamate; Leptin; Major depressive disorder; Oligodendrocytes; Proteomics; Serum biomarkers; SRMstats ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; KINASE SUBSTRATE MARCKS; PHENCYCLIDINE RAT MODEL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RECEPTOR FUNCTION; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; BRAIN ABNORMALITIES; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Background: Over the last decade, the transgenic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR1-knockdown mouse (NR1(neo-/-)) has been investigated as a glutamate hypofunction model for schizophrenia. Recent research has now revealed that the model also recapitulates cognitive and negative symptoms in the continuum of other psychiatric diseases, particularly autism spectrum disorders (ASD). As previous studies have mostly focussed on behavioural readouts, a molecular characterisation of this model will help to identify novel biomarkers or potential drug targets. Methods: Here, we have used multiplex immunoassay analyses to investigate peripheral analyte alterations in serum of NR1(neo-/-) mice, as well as a combination of shotgun label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, bioinformatic pathway analyses, and a shotgun-based 40-plex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay to investigate altered molecular pathways in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. All findings were cross compared to identify translatable findings between the brain and periphery. Results: Multiplex immunoassay profiling led to identification of 29 analytes that were significantly altered in sera of NR1(neo-/-) mice. The highest magnitude changes were found for neurotrophic factors (VEGFA, EGF, IGF-1), apolipoprotein A1, and fibrinogen. We also found decreased levels of several chemokines. Following this, LC-MSE profiling led to identification of 48 significantly changed proteins in the frontal cortex and 41 in the hippocampus. In particular, MARCS, the mitochondrial pyruvate kinase, and CamKII-alpha were affected. Based on the combination of protein set enrichment and bioinformatic pathway analysis, we designed orthogonal SRM-assays which validated the abnormalities of proteins involved in synaptic long-term potentiation, myelination, and the ERK-signalling pathway in both brain regions. In contrast, increased levels of proteins involved in neurotransmitter metabolism and release were found only in the frontal cortex and abnormalities of proteins involved in the purinergic system were found exclusively in the hippocampus. Conclusions: Taken together, this multi-platform profiling study has identified peripheral changes which are potentially linked to central alterations in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function associated with NMDAR-NR1 hypofunction. Therefore, the reported proteomic changes may be useful as translational biomarkers in human and rodent model drug discovery efforts. C1 [Wesseling, Hendrik; Guest, Paul C.; Rahmoune, Hassan; Bahn, Sabine] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 1QT, England. [Lee, Chi-Ming; Wong, Erik H. F.] AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE 19850 USA. [Bahn, Sabine] Erasmus MC, Dept Neurosci, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Bahn, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QT, England. EM sb209@cam.ac.uk FU Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI); Innovative Medicines Initiative for Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia (IMI NEWMEDS); Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement [0908]; Autism Speaks grant [6009] FX This research was kindly supported by the Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI), the Innovative Medicines Initiative for Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia (IMI NEWMEDS), the Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement ((#0908) the NeuroBasic PharmaPhenomics project), and the Autism Speaks grant (#6009). Additional information is available at Molecular Autism's website. 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Autism PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 38 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-38 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM0YX UT WOS:000339574700001 PM 25061506 ER PT J AU Kushki, A Brian, J Dupuis, A Anagnostou, E AF Kushki, Azadeh Brian, Jessica Dupuis, Annie Anagnostou, Evdokia TI Functional autonomic nervous system profile in children with autism spectrum disorder SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Autonomic nervous system; Heart rate; Respiratory sinus arrhythmia ID RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; ANXIETY DISORDERS; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; REVISED VERSION; SOCIAL ANXIETY; AMYGDALA AB Background: Autonomic dysregulation has been recently reported as a feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the nature of autonomic atypicalities in ASD remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to characterize the cardiac autonomic profile of children with ASD across four domains affected in ASD (anxiety, attention, response inhibition, and social cognition), and suggested to be affected by autonomic dysregulation. Methods: We compared measures of autonomic cardiac regulation in typically developing children (n = 34) and those with ASD (n = 40) as the children performed tasks eliciting anxiety, attention, response inhibition, and social cognition. Heart rate was used to quantify overall autonomic arousal, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was used as an index of vagal influences. Associations between atypical autonomic findings and intellectual functioning (Weschler scale), ASD symptomatology (Social Communication Questionnaire score), and co-morbid anxiety (Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale) were also investigated. Results: The ASD group had marginally elevated basal heart rate, and showed decreased heart rate reactivity to social anxiety and increased RSA reactivity to the social cognition task. In this group, heart rate reactivity to the social anxiety task was positively correlated with IQ and task performance, and negatively correlated with generalized anxiety. RSA reactivity in the social cognition task was positively correlated with IQ. Conclusions: Our data suggest overall autonomic hyperarousal in ASD and selective atypical reactivity to social tasks. C1 [Kushki, Azadeh; Brian, Jessica; Anagnostou, Evdokia] Bloorview Res Inst, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. [Kushki, Azadeh] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada. [Dupuis, Annie] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Kushki, A (reprint author), Bloorview Res Inst, 150 Kilgour Rd, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. EM akushki@hollandbloorview.ca FU Ontario government FX This research was conducted with the support of the Ontario Brain Institute, an independent non-profit corporation, funded partially by the Ontario government. The opinions, results, and conclusions are those of the authors, and no endorsement by the Ontario Brain Institute is intended or should be inferred. We would like to thank Krissy Doyle-Thomas, Seth Sobel, Danielle D'Alessandro, Tom Nantis, Susan Day Fragiadakis, Naomi Sklar, and Johnny Au for their contributions to the study. 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Autism PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 39 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-39 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL4AS UT WOS:000339075800001 PM 25031832 ER PT J AU Keita, L Guy, J Berthiaume, C Mottron, L Bertone, A AF Keita, Luc Guy, Jacalyn Berthiaume, Claude Mottron, Laurent Bertone, Armando TI An early origin for detailed perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: biased sensitivity for high-spatial frequency information. SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS; VISUAL-ACUITY; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; GABA CONCENTRATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DISCRIMINATION; CORTEX; BRAIN; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS AB Autistics demonstrate superior performances on several visuo-spatial tasks where local or detailed information processing is advantageous. Altered spatial filtering properties at an early level of visuo-spatial analysis may be a plausible perceptual origin for such detailed perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 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C1 [Keita, Luc] Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Neuropsychol & Cognit CERNEC, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Guy, Jacalyn; Bertone, Armando] McGill Univ, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Guy, Jacalyn] McGill Univ, Integrated Program Neurosci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Berthiaume, Claude; Mottron, Laurent; Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Ctr Excellence Pervas Dev Disorders CETEDUM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Berthiaume, Claude; Mottron, Laurent; Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Bertone, Armando] McGill Univ, Sch Appl Child Psychol, Dept Educ & Counselling Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Bertone, A (reprint author), McGill Univ, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. EM armando.bertone@mcgill.ca FU Autism Speaks mentor-based fellowship; Canadian Institute for Health Research operating Grant FX This study was supported by funding from an Autism Speaks mentor-based (L.M. and A.B.) fellowship to L.K. and a Canadian Institute for Health Research operating Grant to L.M. and A.B. We thank all the participants for their involvement in this project. 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These individuals have average social and language skills, receive minimal school support and are considered to have achieved "optimal outcomes" (OOs). Since residual impairments in these individuals might be expected in deficits central to autism, and in developmentally advanced skills, EF was examined in 34 individuals who achieved OOs, 43 individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA), and 34 typically developing (TD) peers. Groups were matched on age (M = 13.49), gender, and nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) but differed on verbal IQ (VIQ; HFA < TD, OO). On direct assessment, all three groups demonstrated average EF; however, the OO and HFA groups exhibited more impulsivity and less efficient planning and problem-solving than the TD group, and more HFA participants exhibited below average inhibition than did OO and TD participants. 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However, different neuroligin-3 mutations cause largely distinct phenotypes in mice, and no causal relationship links a specific synaptic dysfunction to a behavioral change. Using rotarod motor learning as a proxy for acquired repetitive behaviors in mice, we found that different neuroligin-3 mutations uniformly enhanced formation of repetitive motor routines. Surprisingly, neuroligin-3 mutations caused this phenotype not via changes in the cerebellum or dorsal striatum but via a selective synaptic impairment in the nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum. Here, neuroligin-3 mutations increased rotarod learning by specifically impeding synaptic inhibition onto D1-dopamine receptor-expressing but not D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons. 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EM malenka@stanford.edu; tcs1@stanford.edu FU NIMH [P50 MH086403, K99 MH099243, F32 MH096491]; Simons Foundation FX We thank A. Darvishzadeh, A. Afjei, G. Sun, S. Ghosh, and N. Huang for technical assistance, C. Foldy for advice, and all Malenka and Sudhof lab members for helpful discussions. This work was supported by grants from the NIMH (P50 MH086403 to R.C.M. and T.C.S., K99 MH099243 to M.V.F., and F32 MH096491 to P.E.R.); initial stages were also supported by the Simons Foundation (to R.C.M. and T.C.S.). 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Hyde, Thomas M. Krauss, Gregory Christian, Kimberly M. Rapoport, Judith L. Weinberger, Daniel R. Song, Hongjun Ming, Guo-li TI Modeling a Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia in iPSCs and Mice Reveals Neural Stem Cell Deficits Associated with Adherens Junctions and Polarity SO CELL STEM CELL LA English DT Article ID COPY NUMBER VARIANTS; RECURRENT MICRODELETIONS; NEURONAL MIGRATION; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; PROTEIN; AUTISM; DROSOPHILA; 15Q11.2; WAVE2; PATHOGENESIS AB Defects in brain development are believed to contribute toward the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders, but identifying specific underlying mechanisms has proven difficult. Here, we took a multifaceted approach to investigate why 15q11.2 copy number variants are prominent risk factors for schizophrenia and autism. First, we show that human iPSC-derived neural progenitors carrying 15q11.2 microdeletion exhibit deficits in adherens junctions and apical polarity. This results from haploinsufficiency of CYFIP1, a gene within 15q11.2 that encodes a subunit of the WAVE complex, which regulates cytoskeletal dynamics. In developing mouse cortex, deficiency in CYFIP1 and WAVE signaling similarly affects radial glial cells, leading to their ectopic localization outside of the ventricular zone. Finally, targeted human genetic association analyses revealed an epistatic interaction between CYFIP1 and WAVE signaling mediator ACTR2 and risk for schizophrenia. Our findings provide insight into how CYFIP1 regulates neural stem cell function and may contribute to the susceptibility of neuropsychiatric disorders. C1 [Yoon, Ki-Jun; Ha Nam Nguyen; Kim, Nam-Shik; Wen, Zhexing; Makri, Georgia; Nauen, David; Park, Youngbin; Chung, Raeeun; Pekle, Eva; Zhang, Ce; Towe, Maxwell; Mohammed, Syed; Christian, Kimberly M.; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Yoon, Ki-Jun; Kim, Nam-Shik; Wen, Zhexing; Makri, Georgia; Zhang, Ce; Krauss, Gregory; Christian, Kimberly M.; Weinberger, Daniel R.; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ha Nam Nguyen; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ursini, Gianluca; Zhang, Fengyu; Shin, Joo Heon; Kleinman, Joel E.; Hyde, Thomas M.; Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Lieber Inst Brain Dev, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Nauen, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lee, Yohan; Rapoport, Judith L.] NIMH, Child Psychiat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rujescu, Dan] Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [St Clair, David] Univ Aberdeen, Royal Cornhill Hosp, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. [Weinberger, Daniel R.; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Solomon H Snyder Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ming, GL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM shongju1@jhmi.edu; gming1@jhmi.edu RI Wen, Zhexing/B-9313-2014 FU NIH [NS048271, HD069184, NS047344, MH087874, F31MH102978]; Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD); Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (MSCRF); Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI); International Mental Health Research Organization (IMHRO); Lieber Institute for Brain Development; NARSAD; MSCRF; HFSP FX We would like to thank members of G.-l.M. and H.S. laboratories for discussion, ICE stem cell core and H. Kim for generating some iPSC lines, K. Ahn, T. Andersen, V. Villagomez, L. Liu, and Y. Cai for technical support and help. 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TI Reducing Specific Phobia/Fear in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) through a Virtual Reality Environment Intervention SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SYMPTOMS; YOUTH; POPULATION; RESPONSES AB Anxiety is common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with specific fears and phobias one of the most frequent subtypes. Specific fears and phobias can have a serious impact on young people with ASD and their families. In this study we developed and evaluated a unique treatment combining cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with graduated exposure in a virtual reality environment (VRE). Nine verbally fluent boys with an ASD diagnosis and no reported learning disability, aged 7 to 13 years old, were recruited. Each had anxiety around a specific situation (e. g. crowded buses) or stimulus (e. g. pigeons). An individualised scene was recreated in our 'wrap-around' VRE. In the VRE participants were coached by a psychologist in cognitive and behavioural techniques (e.g. relaxation and breathing exercises) while the exposure to the phobia/fear stimulus was gradually increased as the child felt ready. Each child received four 20-30 minute sessions. After participating in the study, eight of the nine children were able to tackle their phobia situation. Four of the participants completely overcame their phobia. Treatment effects were maintained at 12 months. These results provide evidence that CBT with VRE can be a highly effective treatment for specific phobia/fear for some young people with ASD. C1 [Maskey, Morag; Rodgers, Jacqui; Parr, Jeremy R.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Lowry, Jessica; McConachie, Helen] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Maskey, M (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM morag.maskey@ncl.ac.uk; Jeremy.parr@ncl.ac.uk FU Newcastle University FX Dr Morag Maskey has a Daphne Jackson Fellowship sponsored by Newcastle University (http://www.daphnejackson.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Prior work has provided evidence that somatic mutation caused by gene conversion and deletion at segmentally duplicated loci is relevant to several diseases. Simple tandem repeat (STR) sequence is highly mutable, both somatically and in the germ-line, and somatic STR mutations are observed under inflammation. Results: Protein-coding genes spanning STRs having markers of mutability, including germ-line variability, high total length, repeat count and/or repeat similarity, are evaluated in the context of autoimmunity. For the initiation of autoimmune disease, antigens whose autoantibodies are the first observed in a disease, termed primary autoantigens, are informative. Three primary autoantigens, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), phogrin (PTPRN2) and filaggrin (FLG), include STRs that are among the eleven longest STRs spanned by protein-coding genes. This association of primary autoantigens with long STR sequence is highly significant (p<3.0 x 10(-7)). Long STRs occur within twenty genes that are associated with sixteen common autoimmune diseases and atherosclerosis. The repeat within the TTC34 gene is an outlier in terms of length and a link with systemic lupus erythematosus is proposed. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that many autoimmune diseases are triggered by immune responses to proteins whose DNA sequence mutates somatically in a coherent, consistent fashion. Other autoimmune diseases may be caused by coherent somatic mutations in immune cells. The coherent somatic mutation hypothesis has the potential to be a comprehensive explanation for the initiation of many autoimmune diseases. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Ross, KA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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Kiehl, Thomas R. Corneo, Barbara Lederman, Patty Menon, Vilas Lee, Changkyu Martinez, Refugio A. Levi, Boaz P. Thompson, Carol L. Yao, Shuyuan Kaykas, Ajamete Temple, Sally Fasano, Christopher A. TI CORTECON: A Temporal Transcriptome Analysis of In Vitro Human Cerebral Cortex Development from Human Embryonic Stem Cells SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN BRAIN; NEOCORTICAL NEURONOGENESIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; AUTISM; DIFFERENTIATION; NEURONS; GENE AB Many neurological and psychiatric disorders affect the cerebral cortex, and a clearer understanding of the molecular processes underlying human corticogenesis will provide greater insight into such pathologies. To date, knowledge of gene expression changes accompanying corticogenesis is largely based on murine data. Here we present a searchable, comprehensive, temporal gene expression data set encompassing cerebral cortical development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Using a modified differentiation protocol that yields neurons suggestive of prefrontal cortex, we identified sets of genes and long noncoding RNAs that significantly change during corticogenesis and those enriched for disease-associations. Numerous alternatively spliced genes with varying temporal patterns of expression are revealed, including TGIF1, involved in holoprosencephaly, and MARK1, involved in autism. We have created a database (http://cortecon.neuralsci.org/) that provides online, query-based access to changes in RNA expression and alternatively spliced transcripts during human cortical development. C1 [van de Leemput, Joyce; Boles, Nathan C.; Kiehl, Thomas R.; Corneo, Barbara; Lederman, Patty; Temple, Sally; Fasano, Christopher A.] Neural Stem Cell Inst, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. [Kiehl, Thomas R.] SUNY Albany, Coll Comp & Informat, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12144 USA. [Menon, Vilas; Lee, Changkyu; Martinez, Refugio A.; Levi, Boaz P.; Thompson, Carol L.; Yao, Shuyuan; Kaykas, Ajamete] Allen Inst Brain Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Temple, S (reprint author), Neural Stem Cell Inst, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. EM sallytemple@neuralsci.org; chrisfasano@neuralsci.org FU NINDS [NS072434-01A1]; Regenerative Research Foundation; Allen Institute for Brain Science FX This work was supported by grants from NINDS (NS072434-01A1 to C. A. F.) and the Regenerative Research Foundation. This collaborative work was supported in part by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. Its authors wish to thank the Allen Institute founders, Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen, for their vision, encouragement, and support. 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Patrick Fioravante, Diasynou Regehr, Wade G. Gygi, Steven P. Georgopoulos, Katia Bonni, Azad TI Promoter Decommissioning by the NuRD Chromatin Remodeling Complex Triggers Synaptic Connectivity in the Mammalian Brain SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; NEURAL DEVELOPMENT; MI-2/NURD COMPLEX; BREAST-CANCER; GRANULE CELL; HUMAN GENOME; STEM-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Precise control of gene expression plays fundamental roles in brain development, but the roles of chromatin regulators in neuronal connectivity have remained poorly understood. We report that depletion of the NuRD complex by in vivo RNAi and conditional knockout of the core NuRD subunit Chd4 profoundly impairs the establishment of granule neuron parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses in the rodent cerebellar cortex in vivo. By interfacing genome-wide sequencing of transcripts and ChIP-seq analyses, we uncover a network of repressed genes and distinct histone modifications at target gene promoters that are developmentally regulated by the NuRD complex in the cerebellum in vivo. Finally, in a targeted in vivo RNAi screen of NuRD target genes, we identify a program of NuRD-repressed genes that operate as critical regulators of presynaptic differentiation in the cerebellar cortex. Our findings define NuRD-dependent promoter decommissioning as a developmentally regulated programming mechanism that drives synaptic connectivity in the mammalian brain. C1 [Yamada, Tomoko; Yang, Yue; Cho, Ha Young; Bonni, Azad] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Yamada, Tomoko; Yang, Yue; Cho, Ha Young; Fioravante, Diasynou; Regehr, Wade G.; Bonni, Azad] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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We thank the Genome Technology Access Center at Washington University, which is supported by NCI P30 CA91842 to the Siteman Cancer Center and by ICTS/CTSA UL1TR000448. 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Miller, Earl K. TI Increases in Functional Connectivity between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum during Category Learning SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID BETA-BAND OSCILLATIONS; BASAL GANGLIA; GRANGER CAUSALITY; CORTICAL NETWORK; BRAIN NETWORKS; TOP-DOWN; SYNCHRONIZATION; CATEGORIZATION; ATTENTION; MEMORY AB Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum (STR) is thought critical for cognition and has been linked to conditions like autism and schizophrenia. We recorded from multiple electrodes in PFC and STR while monkeys acquired new categories. Category learning was accompanied by an increase in beta band synchronization of LFPs between, but not within, the PFC and STR. After learning, different pairs of PFC-STR electrodes showed stronger synchrony for one or the other category, suggesting category-specific functional circuits. 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Kanazawa, So Kakigi, Ryusuke TI Novel method to classify hemodynamic response obtained using multi-channel fNIRS measurements into two groups: exploring the combinations of channels SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hemodynamic data; near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); support vector machine (SVM); sparse modeling; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; NEURAL REPRESENTATION; FEATURE-SELECTION; INFANT BRAIN; FACE; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; SYMPTOMS; CLASSIFICATION AB Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in psychiatric studies has widely demonstrated that cerebral hemodynamics differs among psychiatric patients. Recently we found that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) showed different hemodynamic responses to their own mother's face. Based on this finding, we may be able to classify the hemodynamic data into two those groups and predict to which diagnostic group an unknown participant belongs. In the present study, we proposed a novel statistical method for classifying the hemodynamic data of these two groups. By applying a support vector machine (SVM), we searched the combination of measurement channels at which the hemodynamic response differed between the ADHD and the ASD children. The SVM found the optimal subset of channels in each data set and successfully classified the ADHD data from the ASD data. For the 24-dimensional hemodynamic data, two optimal subsets classified the hemodynamic data with 84% classification accuracy, while the subset contained all 24 channels classified with 62% classification accuracy. These results indicate the potential application of our novel method for classifying the hemodynamic data into two groups and revealing the combinations of channels that efficiently differentiate the two groups. C1 [Ichikawa, Hiroko; Yamaguchi, Masami K.] Chuo Univ, Dept Psychol, Tokyo 1920393, Japan. [Ichikawa, Hiroko; Yamaguchi, Masami K.] Chuo Univ, Res Dev Initiat, Tokyo 1920393, Japan. [Ichikawa, Hiroko] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Kitazono, Jun; Nagata, Kenji; Manda, Akira; Okada, Masato] Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Shimamura, Keiichi; Sakuta, Ryoichi] Dokkyo Med Univ, Koshigaya Hosp, Dept Pediat, Koshigaya, Japan. [Shimamura, Keiichi; Sakuta, Ryoichi] Dokkyo Med Univ, Koshigaya Hosp, Ctr Child Dev & Psychosomat Med, Koshigaya, Japan. [Okada, Masato] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Kanazawa, So] Japan Womens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kakigi, Ryusuke] Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Dept Integrat Physiol, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Japan. RP Ichikawa, H (reprint author), Chuo Univ, Dept Psychol, 742-1 Higashi Nakano, Tokyo 1920393, Japan. EM ichihiro@tamacc.chuo-u.ac.jp FU MEXT KAKENHI [20119002, 23119708]; JSPS KAKENHI [25120009, 26120529, 25106506, 22700230, 10J06155, 24 7809] FX This study was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, "Face perception and recognition" from MEXT KAKENHI (20119002 to Masami K. Yamaguchi, 23119708 to Masato Okada); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, "Sparse Modeling" from JSPS KAKENHI (25120009 to Masato Okada and Kenji Nagata, 26120529 to Hiroko Ichikawa); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, "Exploring the Limits of Computation (ELC)" from JSPS KAKENHI (25106506 to Kenji Nagata); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from JSPS KAKENHI (20240020 to Masato Okada); Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from JSPS KAKENHI (22700230 to Kenji Nagata) and a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows from JSPS KAKENHI (10J06155 to Jun Kitazono, 24 7809 to Hiroko Ichikawa). 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Hum. Neurosci. PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 480 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00480 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AM7MZ UT WOS:000340053100001 PM 25071510 ER PT J AU Dekker, V Nauta, MH Mulder, EJ Timmerman, ME de Bildt, A AF Dekker, Vera Nauta, Maaike H. Mulder, Erik J. Timmerman, Marieke E. de Bildt, Annelies TI A randomized controlled study of a social skills training for preadolescent children with autism spectrum disorders: generalization of skills by training parents and teachers? SO BMC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Social skills training; Autism spectrum disorder; RCT; Primary school; Treatment efficacy ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; INTERVENTION; PROGRAM; EFFICACY AB Background: Social skills training (SST) is a common intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) to improve their social and communication skills. Despite the fact that SSTs are often applied in clinical practice, the evidence for the effectiveness of these trainings for children with ASD is inconclusive. Moreover, long term outcome and generalization of learned skills are little evaluated. Additionally, there is no research on the influence of involvement of parents and teachers on effectiveness of SST and on the generalization of learned social skills to daily life. We expect parent and teacher involvement in SST to enhance treatment efficacy and to facilitate generalization of learned skills to daily life. Method/Design: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three conditions, 120 participants with ASD at the end of primary school (10-12 years of calendar age) have been randomized to SST, SST-PTI SST with Parent & Teacher Involvement), or care-as-usual. The SST consists of 18 group sessions of 1.5 hours for the children. In the SST-PTI condition, parents additionally participate in 8 parent sessions and parents and teachers are actively involved in homework assignments. Assessment takes place at three moments: before and immediately after the intervention period and at 6 months follow-up. Primary outcome is socialization, as an aspect of adaptive functioning. Secondary outcomes focus on specific social skills children learn during SST and on more general social skills pertaining to home and community settings from a multi informant perspective. Additionally, possible predictors of treatment outcome will be assessed. Discussion: The current study is an RCT study evaluating SST in a large sample of Dutch children with ASD in a specific age range (10-12 years). Strengths of the study are the use of one manualized protocol, application of standardized and internationally used rating instruments, use of multiple raters, investigation of generalization of learned skills to daily life, and the evaluation of efficacy in the longer term by follow-up measures at 6 months after the end of training. C1 [Dekker, Vera; Nauta, Maaike H.; Mulder, Erik J.; de Bildt, Annelies] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Accare Groningen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. [Nauta, Maaike H.; Timmerman, Marieke E.] Univ Groningen, Dept Clin Psychol, NL-9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands. RP Dekker, V (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Accare Groningen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Hanzepl 1, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. EM v.dekker@accare.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) [157003005] FX This study has been funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, nr 157003005). Barbara van den Hoofdakker, Lianne van der Veen, Sjoukje van Warners, and Leonieke Vet have developed the intervention protocols used in the study. 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Mychasiuk, Richelle TI Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3(tf/)J Mouse Model of Autism SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Behavior; Issue 89; mice; inbred C57BL; social behavior; animal models; autism; BTBR; motor stereotypy; repetitive ID BEHAVIORS; MICE; ANXIETY AB Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by decreased reciprocal social interaction, abnormal communication, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interest. As diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, any potentially relevant rodent models of this heterogeneous disorder should ideally recapitulate these diverse behavioral traits. The BTBR T+ Itpr(3tf)/J (BTBR) mouse is an established animal model of ASD, displaying repetitive behaviors such as increased grooming, as well as cognitive inflexibility. With respect to social interaction and interest, the juvenile play test has been employed in multiple rodent models of ASD. Here, we show that when BTBR mice are tested in a juvenile social interaction enclosure containing sawdust bedding, they display a repetitive synchronous digging motion. This repetitive motor behavior, referred to as "inchworming," was named because of the stereotypic nature of the movements exhibited by the mice while moving horizontally across the floor. Inchworming mice must use their fore- and hind-limbs in synchrony to displace the bedding, performing a minimum of one inward and one outward motion. Although both BTBR and C56BL/6J (B6) mice exhibit this behavior, BTBR mice demonstrate a significantly higher duration and frequency of inchworming and a decreased latency to initiate inchworming when placed in a bedded enclosure. We conclude that this newly described behavior provides a measure of a repetitive motor stereotypy that can be easily measured in animal models of ASD. C1 [Smith, Jacklyn D.; Rho, Jong M.; Mychasiuk, Richelle] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Alberta Childrens Hosp, Res Inst,Dept Paediat & Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Masino, Susan A.] Trin Coll, Dept Psychol, Neurosci Program, Cambridge, England. RP Mychasiuk, R (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Alberta Childrens Hosp, Res Inst,Dept Paediat & Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM rmmychas@ucalgary.ca FU Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute FX The authors are grateful for the technical and logistical assistance and expertise provided by Rose Tobias, Younghee Ahn, and David N. Ruskin. The work described here was funded by the Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation and the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute. 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Vis. Exp. PD JUL PY 2014 IS 89 AR e50791 DI 10.3791/50791 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB0DR UT WOS:000349296100005 ER PT J AU Farah, R Schmithorst, VJ Keith, RW Holland, SK AF Farah, Rola Schmithorst, Vincent J. Keith, Robert W. Holland, Scott K. TI Altered white matter microstructure underlies listening difficulties in children suspected of auditory processing disorders: a DTI study SO BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Attention; auditory processing disorder; dichotic listening; diffusion tensor imaging; listening difficulties ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; LANGUAGE LATERALIZATION; HUMAN BRAIN; SPEECH LATERALIZATION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; SPINAL-CORD; DIFFUSION; ATTENTION AB Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to identify biomarkers of listening difficulties by investigating white matter microstructure in children suspected of auditory processing disorder (APD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Behavioral studies have suggested that impaired cognitive and/or attention abilities rather than a pure sensory processing deficit underlie listening difficulties and auditory processing disorder (APD) in children. However, the neural signature of listening difficulties has not been investigated. Methods: Twelve children with listening difficulties and atypical left ear advantage (LEA) in dichotic listening and twelve age- and gender-matched typically developing children with typical right ear advantage (REA) were tested. Using voxel-based analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean, axial and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, RD) maps were computed and contrasted between the groups. Results: Listening difficulties were associated with altered white matter microstructure, reflected by decreased FA in frontal multifocal white matter regions centered in prefrontal cortex bilaterally and left anterior cingulate. Increased RD and decreased AD accounted for the decreased FA, suggesting delayed myelination in frontal white matter tracts and disrupted fiber organization in the LEA group. Furthermore, listening difficulties were associated with increased MD (with increase in both RD and AD) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (sublenticular part) at the auditory radiations where auditory input is transmitted between the thalamus and the auditory cortex. Conclusions: Our results provide direct evidence that listening difficulties in children are associated with altered white matter microstructure and that both sensory and supramodal deficits underlie the differences between the groups. C1 [Farah, Rola] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Commun Sci Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Farah, Rola; Keith, Robert W.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Schmithorst, Vincent J.] UPMC, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Holland, Scott K.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Pediat Neuroimaging Res Consortium, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 4 IS 4 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1002/brb3.237 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AX5NQ UT WOS:000346973900008 PM 25161820 ER PT J AU Keselman, A Smith, CA Hundal, S AF Keselman, Alla Smith, Catherine Arnott Hundal, Savreen TI Library workers' personal beliefs about childhood vaccination and vaccination information provision SO JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; PARENTS AB This is a report on the impact of library workers' personal beliefs on provision of vaccination information. Nine public librarians were interviewed about a hypothetical scenario involving a patron who is concerned about possible vaccination-autism connections. The analysis employed thematic coding. Results suggested that while most participants supported childhood vaccination, tension between their personal views and neutrality impacted their ability to conduct the interaction. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 102 IS 3 BP 205 EP U73 DI 10.3163/1536-5050.102.3.012 PG 6 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA AW2UW UT WOS:000346145700012 PM 25031563 ER PT J AU Sen, F Oksar, RE Golkarian, M Yaldiz, S AF Sen, Fatih Oksar, Rustu Efe Golkarian, Mina Yaldiz, Sevde TI Quality Changes of Different Sweet Cherry Cultivars at Various Stages of the Supply Chain SO NOTULAE BOTANICAE HORTI AGROBOTANICI CLUJ-NAPOCA LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; firmness; marketing pitting; Prunus autism L; transportation ID PRUNUS-AVIUM L.; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SHELF-LIFE; BING CHERRIES; COLD-STORAGE; ATMOSPHERES; FRAP AB Transportation of sweet cherry fruits to distant markets and further marketing processes often takes approximately 2-3 weeks. The present study investigates the quality changes during this time period at three stages for three sweet cherry cultivars: 'Early Burlat', 'Napoleon', and '0900 Ziraat'. Following pre-cooling, the sweet cherries were placed in modified atmosphere packages and exposed to the following stages for the indicated durations: transportation (T) [8 days at 2 C and 85% relative humidity (RH)]; distribution center (DC) (4 days at 6.5 C and 80% RH), and shelf-life (SL) (2 days at 19 C and 70% RH). Weight losses at the end of the SL stage were 3.11, 3.18, and 2.74%, respectively in 'Early Burlat', 'Napoleon' and '0900 Ziraai. Fruit firmness decreased after SL as compared CO that at other stages and was more remarkable in '0900 Ziraat'. Decreased Chroma values which indicates, the intensity or color saturation were observed in all cultivars, whereas decreased hue angle values colours expressed in degrees were observed in the 'Early Burlat' and '0900 Ziraat'. In addition, a decrease was noted in the titratable acidity of all cultivars at the end of SL. The total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities were similar for all cultivars at all stages. The visual appearance scores of 'Early Burlat' cherries decreased at the end of SL, because of development of pitting on the fruit surface. The fruit quality changes were limited at T and DC stages; however, these changes became more distinctive during the SL period. It was thus concluded that the SL duration and conditions were of the highest significance with regard to maintenance of the sweet cherry fruit quality. C1 [Sen, Fatih; Oksar, Rustu Efe; Golkarian, Mina; Yaldiz, Sevde] Ege Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. RP Sen, F (reprint author), Ege Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. 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PD JUL-DEC PY 2014 VL 42 IS 2 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1583/nbha4229596 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5PM UT WOS:000346326700029 ER PT J AU Courgeon, M Rautureau, G Martin, JC Grynszpan, O AF Courgeon, Matthieu Rautureau, Gilles Martin, Jean-Claude Grynszpan, Ouriel TI Joint Attention Simulation Using Eye-Tracking and Virtual Humans SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Interaction techniques; virtual reality; evaluation/methodology; handicapped persons/special needs ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SOCIAL COGNITION; GAZE DIRECTION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; FIXATION; LOOKING; ADULTS; PERFORMANCE AB This article analyses the issues pertaining to the simulation of joint attention with virtual humans. Gaze represents a powerful communication channel illustrated by the pivotal role of joint attention in social interactions. To our knowledge, there have been only few attempts to simulate gazing patterns associated with joint attention as a mean for developing empathic virtual agents. Eye-tracking technologies now enable creating non-invasive gaze-contingent systems that empower the user with the ability to lead a virtual human's focus of attention in real-time. Although gaze control can be deliberate, most of our visual behaviors in everyday life are not. This article reports empirical data suggesting that users only have partial awareness of controlling gaze-contingent displays. The technical challenges induced by detecting the user's focus of attention in virtual reality are reviewed and several solutions are compared. We designed and tested a platform for creating virtual humans endowed with the ability to follow the user's attention. The article discusses the advantages of simulating joint attention for improving interpersonal skills and user engagement. Joint attention plays a major role in the development of autism. The platform we designed is intended for research and treatment of autism and tests included participants with this disorder. C1 [Courgeon, Matthieu] Univ Bretagne Sud, Lab STICC, F-29238 Brest 3, France. [Rautureau, Gilles] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Emot Ctr, CNRS, USR 3246, F-75651 Paris, France. [Martin, Jean-Claude] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LIMSI, F-91403 Orsay, France. [Grynszpan, Ouriel] Univ Paris 06, Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Emot Ctr, CNRS USR 3246, F-75651 Paris, France. RP Courgeon, M (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Sud, Lab STICC, F-29238 Brest 3, France. EM courgeon@gmail.com; gilles.rautureau@upmc.fr; martin@limsi.fr; ouriel.grynszpan@upmc.fr FU La Fondation Orange [71/2012]; La Fondation de France et La Fondation Adrienne et Pierre Sommer [2007 005874]; L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR 12 SAMA 011 01] FX The authors wish to thank Rachel Dupuis and Aliye Karasu for experimental assistance. We are very grateful to Jacqueline Nadel for her advices in experimental design. This work was supported by grants from La Fondation Orange (project #71/2012, coordinator: O. Grynszpan), La Fondation de France et La Fondation Adrienne et Pierre Sommer (project #2007 005874, coordinator: O. Grynszpan) and L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project #ANR 12 SAMA 011 01, coordinator: P. Fossati). The corresponding author is Ouriel Grynszpan (ouriel.grynszpan@upmc.fr). 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This article presents a case for why the phenomenon of private speech is essential for the development of self and subjectivity and for why an analysis of private speech from this standpoint will enable a better and broader understanding of difficulties in the experience of self among individuals with ASD. The article discusses the importance of the concept of the self for development and presents evidence of limited concepts of self in autism. Furthermore, it surveys theories on the development of components essential to the development of the self (e.g., self-dialogue, inner speech). Finally, the article lays out a model for how to think about private speech in a broader framework related to individuals with ASD. C1 Schneider Childrens Hosp, Psychol Med Mental Hlth Clin, IL-645321 Petah Tiqwa, Israel. RP Shopen, R (reprint author), Schneider Childrens Hosp, Psychol Med Mental Hlth Clin, IL-645321 Petah Tiqwa, Israel. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 240 EP 251 DI 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000023 PG 12 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AT6CX UT WOS:000345027700006 ER PT J AU Timler, GR Boone, WJ Bergmann, AA AF Timler, Geralyn R. Boone, William J. Bergmann, Amelia A. TI Development of the Conversation Participation Rating Scale Intervention Planning Implications for Two School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; conversation participation; school-age children; social (pragmatic) communication disorders; WHO-ICF ID SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE; SOCIAL-SKILLS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SELF; ADOLESCENTS; PERCEPTIONS; QUALITY; ANXIETY AB Purpose: School-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have pervasive challenges in social interactions with peers. This study examined the feasibility of eliciting children's perceptions of their conversation participation with peers for the purposes of assessment and intervention planning. Methods: Two school-age children with ASD completed a newly developed self-report measure, the Conversation Participation Rating Scale (CPRS), designed for children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 16 years, with social communication and peer interaction difficulties. Descriptive analyses examined agreement and discrepancy among child self-report, parent report, and standardized social language tests. Results: Both children provided a range of responses on the CPRS, revealing participation strengths as well as awareness of specific activity limitations and participation restrictions. Both children scored within the normal range on a social language test, even though parent report measures revealed significant concerns with pragmatic language and social skills. Discussion: The CPRS results contributed unique information to the assessment process. These results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of using a self-report conversation participation measure as a method for obtaining children's unique perspective of social communication activities and challenges in school settings. C1 [Timler, Geralyn R.; Bergmann, Amelia A.] Miami Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Boone, William J.] Miami Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Timler, GR (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, 2 Bachelor Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. 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D., 1979, BEST TEST DESIGN Wright BD, 1996, RASCH MEASUREMENT T, V9, P468 Young EC, 2005, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V36, P62, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2005/006) NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-8294 EI 1550-3259 J9 TOP LANG DISORD JI Top. Lang. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 252 EP 267 DI 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000021 PG 16 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AT6CX UT WOS:000345027700007 ER PT J AU Lotta, LT Conrad, K Cory-Slechta, D Schor, NF AF Lotta, L. T. Conrad, K. Cory-Slechta, D. Schor, N. F. TI Cerebellar Purkinje cell p75 neurotrophin receptor and autistic behavior SO TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; INTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; MICE; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN; STRESS; DEPENDENCE; APOPTOSIS; NEURONS; SYSTEM AB The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is normally expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells throughout the lifespan. Children with autism spectrum behavior exhibit apparent cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Cerebellar transcriptome changes seen in the murine prenatal valproate exposure model of autism include all of the proteins known to constitute the p75NTR interactome. p75NTR is a modulator of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox potential, and others have suggested that aberrant response to oxidant stress has a major role in the pathogenesis of autism. We have created Purkinje cell-selective p75NTR knockout mice that are the progeny of hemizygous Cre-Purkinje cell protein 2 C57Bl mice and p75NTR floxed C57Bl mice. These Cre-loxP mice exhibit complete knockout of p75NTR in similar to 50% of the cerebellar Purkinje cells. Relative to Cre-only mice and wild-type C57Bl mice, this results in a behavioral phenotype characterized by less allogrooming of (P < 0.05; one-way analysis of variance) and socialization or fighting with (each P < 0.05) other mice; less (1.2-fold) non-ambulatory exploration of their environment than wild-type (P < 0.01) or Cre only (P < 0.01) mice; and almost twofold more stereotyped jumping behavior than wild-type (P < 0.05) or Cre (P < 0.02) mice of the same strain. Wild-type mice have more complex dendritic arborization than Cre-loxP mice, with more neurites per unit area (P < 0.025, Student's t-test), more perpendicular branches per unit area (P < 0.025) and more short branches/long neurite (P < 0.0005). Aberrant developmental regulation of expression of p75NTR in cerebellar Purkinje cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism. C1 [Lotta, L. T.; Conrad, K.; Cory-Slechta, D.; Schor, N. F.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Schor, NF (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave,POB 777, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Nina_Schor@urmc.rochester.edu FU William H. Eilinger Endowment of the Golisano Children's Hospital at the University of Rochester Medical Center; Strong Children's Research Center Pilot Grant; NIH FX We are grateful to Vesa Kaartinen for providing the p75NTR-floxed founder mice for these studies and to Robert H Schor and Simeng Wang for assistance with preparation of the figures. We also thank Christopher Stodgell for pointing out the relationship between the p75NTR interactome and the valproate model transcriptome. These studies were funded by the William H. Eilinger Endowment of the Golisano Children's Hospital at the University of Rochester Medical Center and by a Strong Children's Research Center Pilot Grant. NFS and DC-S have been funded by the NIH. 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Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 4 AR e416 DI 10.1038/tp.2014.55 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT3HP UT WOS:000344826700013 PM 25072321 ER PT J AU Luke, S Vail, CO Ayres, KM AF Luke, Sara Vail, Cynthia O. Ayres, Kevin M. TI Using Antecedent Physical Activity to Increase On-Task Behavior in Young Children SO EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID SELF-STIMULATORY BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIORS; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; EXERCISE; AUTISM; CLASSROOM; COGNITION; RECESS AB A withdrawal design was used to investigate how physical activity affects on-task behavior of young children with significant developmental delays in a special education preschool classroom. Five preschool age children with significant developmental delays engaged in either physical activity or seated center activities for 20 min prior to a 15-min teacher-directed group activity. Momentary time sampling was used to calculate the percentage of intervals the participants were on-task using 15-s intervals. Results indicated all of the participants' on-task behavior was higher during the physical activity condition. These findings suggest physical activity may be used as a proactive behavioral intervention to improve the on-task behavior of young children with significant developmental delays during teacher-directed group activities. C1 [Luke, Sara; Vail, Cynthia O.; Ayres, Kevin M.] Univ Georgia, Loganville, GA 30052 USA. RP Luke, S (reprint author), Univ Georgia, POB 1447, Loganville, GA 30052 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 4 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1177/0014402914527241 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AR9YZ UT WOS:000343934900008 ER PT J AU Cassidy, S Bradley, P Robinson, J Allison, C McHugh, M Baron-Cohen, S AF Cassidy, Sarah Bradley, Paul Robinson, Janine Allison, Carrie McHugh, Meghan Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with Asperger's syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: a clinical cohort study SO LANCET PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; INDIVIDUALS; QUOTIENT; CHILDREN AB Background Asperger's syndrome in adulthood is frequently associated with depression, but few studies have explored the lifetime experience of self-reported suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in this clinical group. We aimed to assess this prevalence in a clinical cohort of patients in the UK. Method In a clinical cohort study, we undertook a retrospective analysis of clinical survey data from adults newly diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome at a specialist diagnostic clinic between Jan 23, 2004, and July 8, 2013, in England. Patients completed a self-report questionnaire before clinical assessment, recording lifetime experience of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide plans or attempts, along with self-reported measures of autistic traits and empathy. We compared the rate of suicidal ideation in the sample with published rates of suicidal ideation in the general population and other clinical groups. We also assessed associations between depression, autistic traits, empathy, and likelihood of suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts. Findings 374 adults (256 men and 118 women) were diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome in the study period. 243 (66%) of 367 respondents self-reported suicidal ideation, 127 (35%) of 365 respondents self-reported plans or attempts at suicide, and 116 (31%) of 368 respondents self-reported depression. Adults with Asperger's syndrome were significantly more likely to report lifetime experience of suicidal ideation than were individuals from a general UK population sample (odds ratio 9.6 [95% CI 7.6-11.9], p < 0.0001), people with one, two, or more medical illnesses (p < 0. 0001), or people with psychotic illness (p = 0.019). Compared with people diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome without depression, people with Asperger's syndrome and depression were more likely to report suicidal ideation (p < 0.0001) and suicide plans or attempts (p < 0.0001). Interpretation Our findings lend support to anecdotal reports of increased rates of suicidal ideation in adults with Asperger's syndrome, and depression as an important potential risk factor for suicidality in adults with this condition. Because adults with Asperger's syndrome often have many risk factors for secondary depression (eg, social isolation or exclusion, and unemployment), our findings emphasise the need for appropriate service planning and support to reduce risk in this clinical group. Copyright (C) Cassidy et al. C1 [Cassidy, Sarah; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Bradley, Paul; Robinson, Janine; McHugh, Meghan; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, CLASS Clin, Cambridge, England. RP Cassidy, S (reprint author), Coventry Univ, Ctr Res Psychol Behav & Achievement, Coventry CV1 5FB, W Midlands, England. EM sarah.cassidy@coventry.ac.uk FU Three Guineas Trust; Baily Thomas Foundation; Medical Research Council; NIHR-CLAHRC-EoE; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT); Autism Research Trust FX The Three Guineas Trust, the Baily Thomas Foundation, the Medical Research Council, NIHR-CLAHRC-EoE, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), and the Autism Research Trust. 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Gast, David L. Luscre, Deanna TI Self-Management of Social Initiations by Kindergarten Students With Disabilities in the General Education Classroom SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE self-management; social initiations; social interactions ID AUTISM; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOLERS; ATTENTION; ASKING; SKILLS AB The effectiveness of a self-management intervention on social interaction behaviors was evaluated for students with disabilities and social deficits. Four students enrolled in a general education kindergarten classroom were taught to self-monitor social initiations during nonstructured social time via a digital wrist counter. The number of social initiations and concurrent engagement in social interactions were recorded in 10-min observation sessions, within the context of a multiple baseline design across participants. 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Bellini, Scott Markoff, Kimberly TI Video Self-Modeling: A Promising Strategy for Noncompliant Children SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE behavior; noncompliant children; intervention; video self-modeling ID PEER INTERACTIONS; CLASSROOM-BEHAVIOR; FEEDBACK; STUDENTS; INTERVENTIONS; DISORDERS; AUTISM AB The current study investigated the effects of a Video Self-Modeling (VSM) intervention on the compliance and aggressive behavior of three children placed in a psychiatric hospital. Each participant viewed brief video clips of himself following simple adult instructions just prior to the school's morning session and the unit's afternoon free period. A multiple baseline design across settings was used to evaluate the effects of the VSM intervention on compliance with staff instructions and aggressive behavior on the hospital unit and in the hospital-based classroom. All three participants exhibited higher levels of compliance and fewer aggressive episodes during the intervention condition, and the effects were generally maintained when the intervention was withdrawn. Hospital staff reported at the conclusion of the study that the VSM intervention was easy to implement and beneficial for all participants. Taken altogether, the results suggest VSM is a promising, socially acceptable, and proactive intervention approach for improving the behavior of noncompliant children. C1 [Axelrod, Michael I.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Human Dev, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Axelrod, Michael I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Bellini, Scott] Indiana Univ, Sch Psychol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Bellini, Scott] Indiana Univ, Social Skill Res Clin, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Markoff, Kimberly] Indiana Univ, Sch Psychol Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. 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TI Prenatal Stress-Induced Increases in Placental Inflammation and Offspring Hyperactivity Are Male-Specific and Ameliorated by Maternal Antiinflammatory Treatment SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; RECEPTOR-BINDING; GENE-EXPRESSION; FETAL-BRAIN AB Adverse experiences during gestation such as maternal stress and infection are known risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The mechanisms by which these distinct exposures may confer similar psychiatric vulnerability remain unclear, although likely involve pathways common to both stress and immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface. We hypothesized that maternal stress-induced activation of immune pathways within the placenta, the sex-specific maternal-fetal intermediary, may contribute to prenatal stress programming effects on the offspring. Therefore, we assessed for markers indicative of stress-induced placental inflammation, and examined the ability of maternal nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment to ameliorate placental effects and thereby rescue the stress-dysregulation phenotype observed in our established mouse model of early prenatal stress (EPS). As expected, placental gene expression analyses revealed increased levels of immune response genes, including the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 beta, specifically in male placentas. NSAID treatment partially ameliorated these EPS effects. Similarly, in adult offspring, males displayed stress-induced locomotor hyperactivity, a hallmark of dopaminergic dysregulation, which was ameliorated by maternal NSAID treatment. 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DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(88)90229-6 Wilson CA, 2013, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V238, P279, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.003 Yeganegi M, 2009, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V200, P532 ZHOU DH, 1993, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V133, P2523, DOI 10.1210/en.133.6.2523 NR 97 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 155 IS 7 BP 2635 EP 2646 DI 10.1210/en.2014-1040 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AP8QI UT WOS:000342343400030 PM 24797632 ER PT J AU Chi, DL AF Chi, Donald L. TI Caregivers Who Refuse Preventive Care for Their Children: The Relationship Between Immunization and Topical Fluoride Refusal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION; PERSONAL-BELIEF EXEMPTIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HEALTH SUPERVISION VISITS; LOW-INCOME CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; DECISION-MAKING; UNITED-STATES; ORAL-HEALTH AB Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine caregivers' refusal of preventive medical and dental care for children. Methods. Prevalence rates of topical fluoride refusal based on dental records and caregiver self-reports were estimated for children treated in 3 dental clinics in Washington State. A 60-item survey was administered to 1024 caregivers to evaluate the association between immunization and topical fluoride refusal. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs). Results. The prevalence of topical fluoride refusal was 4.9% according to dental records and 12.7% according to caregiver self-reports. The rate of immunization refusal was 27.4%. In the regression models, immunization refusalwas significantly associated with topical fluoride refusal (dental record PRR = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32, 1.96; P < .001; caregiver self-report PRR = 6.20; 95% CI = 3.21, 11.98; P < .001). Caregivers younger than 35 years were significantly more likely than older caregivers to refuse both immunizations and topical fluoride (P < .05). Conclusions. Caregiver refusal of immunizations is associated with topical fluoride refusal. Future research should identify the behavioral and social factors related to caregiver refusal of preventive care with the goal of developing multidisciplinary strategies to help caregivers make optimal preventive care decisions for children. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chi, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Sci, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dchi@uw.edu FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health [K08DE020856, L60MD003921, R03DE021439, U54DE019346]; University of Washington Institute for Translational Health Sciences [UL1RR025014]; William T. Grant Foundation Scholars Program FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health (grants K08DE020856, L60MD003921, R03DE021439, and U54DE019346), the University of Washington Institute for Translational Health Sciences (grant UL1RR025014), and the William T. Grant Foundation Scholars Program. 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J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2014 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301927 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AP1EM UT WOS:000341809500051 PM 24832428 ER PT J AU Williams, KE Hendy, HM AF Williams, Keith E. Hendy, Helen M. TI Variables Associated With the Use of Complete Oral Calorie Supplements in Children With Feeding Problems SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE supplements; child; developmental disability; feeding problems; underweight; overweight; parent; meal ID MEALTIME ACTION SCALE; DISABILITIES; BEHAVIOR AB Objective: To examine child and parent variables associated with complete oral calorie supplement use among children with feeding problems. Design: Correlational examination of data from patient intake surveys. Setting: Hospital-based feeding program. Participants: Participants included 281 parents of children referred to a hospital-based feeding clinic, including 114 who received supplements (70.2% boys; mean age, 60.1 months) and 167 who did not receive (79.6% boys; mean age, 67.5 months). Variables Measured: Children's age, gender, weight status, diagnostic category (no special needs, autism, or other special needs), supplement intake, oral motor problems, child mealtime behavior (using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire), parent feeding practices (using the Parent Mealtime Action Scale), and diet variety for child and parent. Analysis: Chi-square analyses compared children who did and did not receive supplements for their percentage of gender, diagnostic, and weight status categories; t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests compared children who did and did not receive supplements, for age, oral motor problems, children's mealtime behavior, parent feeding practices, and diet variety. Results: Compared with children who did not receive nutritional supplements, those who did were younger (P < .01) and more underweight (P < .001), and showed less Food Responsiveness (P < .001), less Food Enjoyment (P < .001), more Food Satiety (P < .001, and more Slow Eating (P < .001), and their parents were more likely to use Insistence on Eating (P < .001). Conclusions: Whereas supplement use was related to underweight, 78.2% of children receiving them were normal weight or overweight, which suggests that supplements are being used to address mealtime selective eating. The use of supplements should be considered carefully because they do not appear to increase diet variety and may increase the chance of overweight over time. C1 [Williams, Keith E.] Penn State Hershey Med Ctr, Feeding Program, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Hendy, Helen M.] Penn State Univ, Psychol Program, Schuylkill Haven, PA USA. 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PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 46 IS 4 BP 236 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.01.003 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AP5RB UT WOS:000342135300004 PM 24629907 ER PT J AU Kanemura, H Sano, F Ohyama, T Sugita, K Aihara, M AF Kanemura, Hideaki Sano, Fumikazu Ohyama, Tetsuo Sugita, Kanji Aihara, Masao TI Effect of levetiracetam on behavioral problems in pervasive developmental disorder children with epilepsy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Levetiracetam; Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD); Refractory epilepsy; EEG paroxysmal abnormalities; Behavior; Frontal ID INTERICTAL EPILEPTIFORM DISCHARGES; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; EEG ABNORMALITIES; FOLLOW-UP; EFFICACY; SPIKES; FREQUENCY; SEIZURES AB Aims: We investigated the relationship between behavioral problems, location of electroencephalogram (EEG) paroxysmal abnormalities (PA), and treatment with levetiracetam in children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and epilepsy. Methods: Twelve PDD children with epilepsy were included in the study. All patients had EEG PA (frontal spikes, 8; rolandic, 3; generalized, 1). After a 3-month baseline period, patients were given levetiracetam with an initial dose of 10 mg/kg/day for the first week, followed by increments of 5 mg/kg/day every week. Levetiracetam dosage was then adjusted up to a maximum of 60 mg/kg/day. EEG recordings were performed every 3 months, focusing on PA frequency. We counted the frequency of seizures and EEG PA, and scored instances of panic/aggressive behaviors. Results: Eight (66.7%) of the 12 patients were considered to be responders to clinical seizures and EEG findings (>= 50% reduction in both seizures and PA frequency). Six (75%) of these eight patients were considered to be responders for behavioral problems (>= 50% reduction in panic/aggressive behavior). These six patients had frontal EEG paroxysms, whereas the remaining two patients without behavioral responses had rolandic EEG paroxysms. Patients with frontal PA showed a significantly higher correlation between EEG/clinical seizures and behavioral improvements (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present data indicated the usefulness of LEV in reducing behavioral problems related to the reduction of seizures and frontal spikes in PDD for some but not all of the patients. Thus, levetiracetam represents an important addition to treatment for PDD children with epilepsy presenting with frontal EEG paroxysms. (C) 2014 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kanemura, Hideaki; Sano, Fumikazu; Ohyama, Tetsuo; Sugita, Kanji] Univ Yamanashi, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Kofu, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan. [Aihara, Masao] Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Kofu, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan. RP Kanemura, H (reprint author), Univ Yamanashi, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Chuo Ku, Kofu, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan. 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J. Paediatr. Neurol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 4 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.03.007 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA AL0OA UT WOS:000338825000005 PM 24703761 ER PT J AU Banji, D Banji, OJF Ragini, M Annamalai, AR AF Banji, David Banji, Otilia J. F. Ragini, M. Annamalai, A. R. TI Carbosulfan exposure during embryonic period can cause developmental disability in rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbosulfan; Embryonic period; Behavior; Acetylcholinesterase; Oxidative stress ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; PESTICIDES; ECOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; CEREBELLUM; CARBOFURAN; REDUCTASE; SYSTEM; AUTISM; BRAIN AB Carbosulfan, a wide spectrum pesticide is used to improve crop productivity. During their application, they disperse in the environment exerting harmful consequences on human health. We speculated that exposure to carbosulfan, a carbamate insecticide during early development can affect neurogenesis and synaptic development. In order to test this, pregnant dams were exposed to carbosulfan in four doses (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) during the embryonic period (ED 1-15). Offspring were evaluated for neurobehavioral changes, oxidative markers, acetylcholinesterase levels, and formation of carbonylated proteins. Histopathology of the cerebellum was carried out. Carbosulfan exposure produced alteration in sensorimotor tasks, motor function and elevated anxiety in pups. Carbosulfan affected growth rate of pups in a dose dependent manner. A significant increase in melondialdehyde, a lipid peroxide marker, carbonylated proteins and a dose dependent decrease in the levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were observed. Carbosulfan produced a decline in acetylcholinesterase levels which might contribute to poor exploratory behavior. Distinct changes in the Purkinje cells were observed as the dose of carbosulfan increased. Largely, alteration in behavior can be due to oxidative damage, thereby, affecting neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and myelination. Therefore the propensity of carbosulfan to induce developmental disability is high and should be cautiously avoided during embryonic development. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Banji, David; Banji, Otilia J. F.; Ragini, M.] Nalanda Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Nalgonda 508001, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Annamalai, A. R.] Annamalai Univ, Rajah Muthiah Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Banji, D (reprint author), Nalanda Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Hyderabad Rd, Nalgonda 508001, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM davidbanji@gmail.com FU Nalanda Educational Society, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India [NES/55/RG/2012] FX The authors express their gratitude to Nalanda Educational Society, grant number is NES/55/RG/2012 dated 15-11-2012, Nalgonda 508001, Andhra Pradesh, India for providing financial support and facilities for carrying out this work. 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Abbeduto, Leonard Meulenbroek, Peter TI Social Cognition in Adolescent Girls With Fragile X Syndrome SO AJIDD-AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE social cognition; fragile X syndrome; executive function; social outcome; adolescent ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; THEORY-OF-MIND; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; TURNER-SYNDROME; SELF-CONCEPT; EYES TEST AB This study aimed to characterize social cognition, executive functions (EFs), and everyday social functioning in adolescent girls with fragile X syndrome, and identify relationships among these variables. Participants were 20 girls with FXS and 20 age-matched typically developing peers. Results showed significant between-groups differences in social cognition, accounted for by differences in IQ and language. Within the FXS group, IQ and language were related to social cognition; parent-reported social functioning was related to language and EFs; and self-reported social functioning was generally good and not related to cognitive or social cognition variables. Results suggest that intervention might focus on managing language and cognitive contributions to social functioning, rather than social cognition, and underscore the importance of considering parent and adolescent perspectives. C1 [Turkstra, Lyn S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Meulenbroek, Peter] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Turkstra, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 1975 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lsturkstra@wisc.edu CR Achenbach T. 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Johnson, Tiffany Lawrence, Linda TI Risk Factors for Self-Injury, Aggression, and Stereotyped Behavior Among Young Children At Risk for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities SO AJIDD-AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE aggression; self-injurious behavior; stereotyped behavior; infants; toddlers; intellectual and developmental disabilities ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; PROBLEMS-INVENTORY; INFANT SCREEN; REPETITIVE-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ANIMAL-MODELS; TODDLERS; INDIVIDUALS AB Before the 1990s, research on the early identification and prevention of severe behavior disorders (SBDs), such as aggression, self-injury, and stereotyped behavior, among young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), was mostly done with children 3 years or older. More recent work suggests that signs of SBDs may occur as early as 6 months in some infants. The present study combined a cross-sectional and longitudinal approach to examine SBDs in 180 young children aged 4-48 months recruited through mass screening, then receiving an interdisciplinary evaluation and sixmonth follow-ups for one year. Twelve potential risk factors related to SBDs were examined. Eight of these risk factors, including age, gender, diagnosis, intellectual and communication levels, visual impairment, parent education, family income, were differentially related to scores for Aggression, SIB, and Stereotyped Behavior subscales on the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) at initial interdisciplinary evaluation. BPI-01 scores decreased over the year for 57% of the children and increased for 43%. The amount of decrease on each BPI-01 subscale varied with age, gender, and diagnosis. C1 [Schroeder, Stephen R.; LeBlanc, Judith] Univ Kansas, Life Span Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Marquis, Janet G.; Reese, R. Matthew; Brady, Nancy] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 351 EP 370 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-119.4.351 PG 20 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AO3XP UT WOS:000341270900005 PM 25007299 ER PT J AU McCullough, E Stedmon, J Dallos, R AF McCullough, Elaine Stedmon, Jacqui Dallos, Rudi TI Narrative responses as an aid to understanding the presentation of maltreated children who meet criteria for autistic spectrum disorder and reactive attachment disorder: A case series study SO CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autistic spectrum disorder; qualitative research; mentalisation; Story Stems; attachment; theory of mind ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FALSE-BELIEF; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; MENTAL-HEALTH; NORMAL ADULTS; RIGHT BRAIN; MIND; EMOTION; LANGUAGE AB This paper offers research case studies of four severely maltreated children who had received a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder. A range of measures were employed to explore the children's psychological and emotional functioning, including Theory of Mind assessment (Sally-Anne Test), attachment measures (Story Stems Assessment Profile and Relationship Problems Questionnaire), along with measures to assess general psychological and emotional well-being. Contrary to the diagnosis, the children did not reveal a theory of mind deficit. However, they did indicate a profile of difficulties in mentalisation on the Story Stems. The findings are discussed in terms of the extent to which mentalisation and theory of mind are influenced by situational factors, especially the anxiety evoked by the Story Stem attachment scenarios. Clinical implications regarding mentalisation as a state vs. trait phenomenon are discussed. C1 [McCullough, Elaine; Stedmon, Jacqui; Dallos, Rudi] Univ Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. 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TI ADHD and personality: A meta-analytic review SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Meta-analysis; ADHD; Inattention; Hyperactivity; Personality; Five-Factor Model ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LATENT STRUCTURE; KOREAN CHILDREN; 5-FACTOR MODEL; PATHWAY MODEL; EFFECT SIZE; TEMPERAMENT; CHARACTER AB We report a meta-analysis of up to 40 data sets that examined the personality dimensions in the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and the integrated Five-Factor Model (IFFM) in relation to ADHD symptom domains of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). The IFFM incorporated the dimensions of other personality models (in particular, those of Eysenck, Tellegen, and Cloninger, as well as the FFM). Major findings were: (1) IA and HI were both associated with low conscientious inhibition/conscientiousness, and low agreeable inhibition/agreeableness, and with high negative emotionality/neurotidsm; (2) conscientious inhibition and conscientiousness were more strongly related to IA than HI; (3) agreeable inhibition and agreeableness were more strongly related to HI than IA; and (4) the association of conscientious inhibition and conscientiousness with HI was moderated by age group and source from where participants were recruited (associations were stronger in children than adults, and clinical samples than community samples). These findings are discussed in relation to single and multiple pathway theories, underlying factors and processes for the personality-ADHD link, and clinical implications. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gomez, Rapson] Federat Univ, Ballarat, Vic 3353, Australia. [Corr, Philip J.] City Univ London, London, England. 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Psychol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 376 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.002 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AO1JD UT WOS:000341067500002 PM 24929793 ER PT J AU Kothare, SV Singh, K Hochman, T Chalifoux, JR Staley, BA Weiner, HL Menzer, K Devinsky, O AF Kothare, Sanjeev V. Singh, Kanwaljit Hochman, Tsivia Chalifoux, Jason R. Staley, Brigid A. Weiner, Howard L. Menzer, Kimberly Devinsky, Orrin TI Genotype/phenotype in tuberous sclerosis complex: Associations with clinical and radiologic manifestations SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Tuberous sclerosis complex; Epilepsy; Autism spectrum disorders ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GIANT-CELL TUMORS; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY AB Objectives: Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) frequently have autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) have been reported to occur in 5-20% of patients with TSC; however, the relationship between SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders in TSC remains unknown. We utilized a large multicenter database to study associations between SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with TSC. Methods: Associations between the presence of SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders were examined in a retrospective review of 916 patients enrolled in the TSC Natural History Database Project (Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance). Results: Among the 916 TSC patients, 226 had SEGAs (25%) and 155 had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (17%). Compared to patients without SEGAs, patients with SEGAs were 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.66) times more likely to have ASD. No significant relationship was found between SEGAs and intellectual disability, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, or major depressive disorder. Significance: The clinical presentation of TSC is highly variable and not well understood. These data show that SEGAs are associated with ASD in patients with TSC, suggesting that the pathologic changes leading to SEGA formation may also predispose patients to ASD. C1 [Kothare, Sanjeev V.; Chalifoux, Jason R.; Weiner, Howard L.; Menzer, Kimberly; Devinsky, Orrin] NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Singh, Kanwaljit] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Clin Neurophysiol,Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Singh, Kanwaljit] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Lurie Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Hochman, Tsivia] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, Div Biostat, New York, NY USA. [Staley, Brigid A.; Weiner, Howard L.] NYU, Dept Neurosurg, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Kothare, SV (reprint author), NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. 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Singh, Kanwaljit Chalifoux, Jason R. Staley, Brigid A. Weiner, Howard L. Menzer, Kimberly Devinsky, Orrin TI Severity of manifestations in tuberous sclerosis complex in relation to genotype SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Tuberous sclerosis complex; Epilepsy; TSC mutations ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENE-PRODUCTS; TSC2 GENE; EPILEPSY; HAMARTIN; MUTATIONS AB Objective: Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) commonly present with significant neurologic deficits, including seizures, autism, and intellectual disability. Previous evidence suggests that the TSC2 mutation genotype may be associated with a more severe disease phenotype. This study evaluates the association of the TSC1 and TSC2 genotype with patient and disease characteristics in a retrospective review of a large TSC Natural History Database consisting of 919 patients with TSC. Methods: Univariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of the TSC1 and TSC2 gene mutations with patient and disease characteristics. Results: As compared to patients with the TSC1 mutation, patients with the TSC2 mutation were younger (p = 0.02), more likely to have partial epilepsy (odds ratio (OR) 1.74, p = 0.0015), complex partial seizures (OR 2.03, p = 0.02), infantile spasms (IS) (OR 1.67, p = 0.01), subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) (OR 1.64, p = 0.01), and intellectual disability (OR 2.90, p = 0.0002). Significance: The clinical presentation of TSC is highly variable and not well understood. Our findings confirm and supplement existing literature that TSC2 mutation is likely to be associated with a more severe, earlier presenting TSC phenotype, including infantile spasms. C1 [Kothare, Sanjeev V.; Singh, Kanwaljit; Chalifoux, Jason R.; Weiner, Howard L.; Menzer, Kimberly; Devinsky, Orrin] NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Singh, Kanwaljit] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Neurol, Worcester, MA USA. [Staley, Brigid A.; Weiner, Howard L.] NYU, Dept Neurosurg, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Kothare, SV (reprint author), NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. 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Coggins, Truman E. TI Assessing young children's intention-reading in authentic communicative contexts: preliminary evidence and clinical utility SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE assessment; children; intention-reading; social communication ID JOINT ATTENTION; AUTISM; RELIABILITY; MIND; AGE; INVENTORY; LANGUAGE; INFANCY AB Background: Identifying what a communication partner is looking at (referential intention) and why (social intention) is essential to successful social communication, and may be challenging for children with social communication deficits. This study explores a clinical task that assesses these intention-reading abilities within an authentic context. Aims: To gather evidence of the task's reliability and validity, and to discuss its clinical utility. Methods & Procedures: The intention-reading task was administered to twenty 4-7-year-olds with typical development (TD) and ten with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Task items were embedded in an authentic activity, and they targeted the child's ability to identify the examiner's referential and social intentions, which were communicated through joint attention behaviours. Reliability and construct validity evidence were addressed using established psychometric methods. Outcomes & Results: Reliability and validity evidence supported the use of task scores for identifying children whose intention-reading warranted concern. Evidence supported the reliability of task administration and coding, and item-level codes were highly consistent with overall task performance. Supporting task validity, group differences aligned with predictions, with children with ASD exhibiting poorer and more variable task scores than children with TD. Also, as predicted, task scores correlated significantly with verbal mental age and ratings of parental concerns regarding social communication abilities. Conclusions & Implications: The evidence provides preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the clinical task's scores in assessing young children's real-time intention-reading abilities, which are essential for successful interactions in school and beyond. C1 [Greenslade, Kathryn J.; Coggins, Truman E.] Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Greenslade, KJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Eagleson Hall,1417 NE 42nd St,Box 354875, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM greenskj@uw.edu FU National Institutes of Health [T32DC000033] FX The first author was supported by a National Institutes of Health training grant (Research Training Program in Speech and Hearing Sciences: T32DC000033) while conducting the present research. The authors thank the reviewers for their thoughtful contributions to revisions of this paper. They also acknowledge their colleagues, Lesley B. Olswang, PamelaCrooke, Julie Feuerstein and Amy Rodda, for cogent comments. Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. CR Allen M., 1979, INTRO MEASUREMENT TH American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN, V5th American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2006, GUID SPEECH LANG PAT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BILLINGSLEY F, 1980, BEHAV ASSESS, V2, P229 Bishop D. 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H., 2004, CLIN EVALUATION LANG NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1368-2822 EI 1460-6984 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 463 EP 477 DI 10.1111/1460-6984.12076 PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AN4ZW UT WOS:000340599700005 PM 24684559 ER PT J AU Lerna, A Esposito, D Conson, M Massagli, A AF Lerna, Anna Esposito, Dalila Conson, Massimiliano Massagli, Angelo TI Long-term effects of PECS on social-communicative skills of children with autism spectrum disorders: a follow-up study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS); autism spectrum disorders; long-term effects; social and communicative skills ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; JOINT ATTENTION; SYSTEM PECS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; PREDICTORS; PRESCHOOLERS; INDIVIDUALS; ACQUISITION; IMITATION AB Background: The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a popular augmentative communication system frequently used with 'nonverbal' children with autism. Several studies suggested that PECS could represent an effective tool for promoting improvement of several social-communicative skills. Only sparse evidence is instead available on the long-term effectiveness of this treatment system. Aims: To test the long-term effects of PECS, for which a follow-up study was conducted by assessing social-communicative skills in nonverbal preschool children with autism after 12 months from treatment completion. Methods & Procedures: Two groups of children (N = 14) were assessed; one group had completed the PECS training and the other conventional language therapy (CLT). At follow-up all children received the same pre- and post-treatment assessment. Outcome measures were the following: Communication and Social domains of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS); Language and Personal-Social subscales of the Griffiths' Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS); Communication and Social Abilities domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS); and several social-communicative variables coded in an unstructured setting. Outcomes & Results: The PECS group showed significant improvements compared with the CLT group on ADOS severity scores (Communication, Social and Total), on GMDS Social domain and on VABS Communication and Social domains. PECS-related gains on the VABS Social domain and on specific social-communicative measures coded during free-play, i.e. frequency of joint attention and initiation, and duration of cooperative play, were stable after 1-year follow-up. Cooperative play continued to improve on follow-up with respect to both post-and pre-treatment assessment. Conclusions & Implications: These findings demonstrated that PECS training can promote long-term enhancement of specific socio-communicative skills in children with autism. C1 [Lerna, Anna; Esposito, Dalila; Massagli, Angelo] IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Child Psychopathol Unit, Inst Sci, Ostuni, Brindisi, Italy. [Conson, Massimiliano] Univ Naples 2, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Lab, Caserta, Italy. RP Massagli, A (reprint author), IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Child Psychopathol Unit, Dept Neurorehabil 2, Inst Sci, Ostuni, Brindisi, Italy. EM angelo.massagli@irccs.os.lnf.it CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Boesch MC, 2013, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V29, P197, DOI 10.3109/07434618.2013.818059 BONDY A. S., 1994, PECS PICTURE EXCHANG Bondy Andrew S., 1998, Seminars in Speech and Language, V19, P373, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064055 Bono MA, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P495, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2545-x Charlop-Christy MH, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P213, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-213 Goldstein H, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P373, DOI 10.1023/A:1020589821992 Greenspan S. I., 1998, CHILD SPECIAL NEEDS Griffiths R., 1984, GRIFFITHS MENTAL DEV Hartley SL, 2008, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V52, P819, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01065.x Howlin P, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P473, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01707.x Howlin P, 1997, AUTISM, V1, P135, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361397012003 Kasari C, 2012, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V51, P487, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.019 Klin A, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P748, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0229-4 Klin A, 2002, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V59, P809, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 Koegel RL, 2001, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V30, P19, DOI 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3001_4 Landa RJ, 2011, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V52, P13, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02288.x Lerna A, 2012, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V47, P609, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00172.x Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE LOVAAS O. I., 2002, TEACHING INDIVIDUALS Malandraki G.A., 2007, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V22, P23, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576070220010301 Mesibov G., 2004, TEACCH APPROACH AUTI Mundy P, 2009, AUTISM RES, V2, P2, DOI 10.1002/aur.61 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 Preston D, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1471, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0763-y Rogers SJ, 2010, EARLY START DENVER M Rogers SJ, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P763, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00162 Schuler A. L., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P539 SIGMAN M., 1999, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C Sparrow SS, 2005, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Szatmari P, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P520, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00141 Toth K, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P993, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0137-7 WATSON L. R., 1989, TEACHING SPONTANEOUS Wetherby AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P960, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0237-4 YAMAMOTO J., 2006, JAPANESE J SPECIAL E, V43, P485 Yoder P, 2006, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V74, P426, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.426 Yoder P, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P698, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/051) NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1368-2822 EI 1460-6984 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1111/1460-6984.12079 PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AN4ZW UT WOS:000340599700006 PM 24655345 ER PT J AU Loukusa, S Makinen, L Kuusikko-Gauffin, S Ebeling, H Moilanen, I AF Loukusa, Soile Makinen, Leena Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna Ebeling, Hanna Moilanen, Irma TI Theory of mind and emotion recognition skills in children with specific language impairment, autism spectrum disorder and typical development: group differences and connection to knowledge of grammatical morphology, word-finding abilities and verbal working memory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE specific language impairment; autism spectrum disorder; theory of mind; emotion recognition ID UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUALS; CONTEXT; AGE AB Background: Social perception skills, such as understanding the mind and emotions of others, affect children's communication abilities in real-life situations. In addition to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is increasing knowledge that children with specific language impairment (SLI) also demonstrate difficulties in their social perception abilities. Aims: To compare the performance of children with SLI, ASD and typical development (TD) in social perception tasks measuring Theory of Mind (ToM) and emotion recognition. In addition, to evaluate the association between social perception tasks and language tests measuring word-finding abilities, knowledge of grammatical morphology and verbal working memory. Method & Procedures: Children with SLI (n = 18), ASD (n = 14) and TD (n = 25) completed two NEPSY-II subtests measuring social perception abilities: (1) Affect Recognition and (2) ToM (includes Verbal and non-verbal Contextual tasks). In addition, children's word-finding abilities were measured with the TWF-2, grammatical morphology by using the Grammatical Closure subtest of ITPA, and verbal working memory by using subtests of Sentence Repetition or Word List Interference (chosen according the child's age) of the NEPSY-II. Outcomes & Results: Children with ASD scored significantly lower than children with SLI or TD on the NEPSY-II Affect Recognition subtest. Both SLI and ASD groups scored significantly lower than TD children on Verbal tasks of the ToM subtest of NEPSY-II. However, there were no significant group differences on non-verbal Contextual tasks of the ToM subtest of the NEPSY-II. Verbal tasks of the ToM subtest were correlated with the Grammatical Closure subtest and TWF-2 in children with SLI. In children with ASD correlation between TWF-2 and ToM: Verbal tasks was moderate, almost achieving statistical significance, but no other correlations were found. Conclusions & Implications: Both SLI and ASD groups showed difficulties in tasks measuring verbal ToM but differences were not found in tasks measuring non-verbal Contextual ToM. The association between Verbal ToM tasks and language tests was stronger in children with SLI than in children with ASD. There is a need for further studies in order to understand interaction between different areas of language and cognitive development. C1 [Loukusa, Soile; Makinen, Leena] Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities, Child Language Res Ctr, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna; Ebeling, Hanna; Moilanen, Irma] Univ Oulu, Fac Med, Inst Clin Med, Dept Child Psychiat, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna; Ebeling, Hanna; Moilanen, Irma] Univ Hosp Oulu, Oulu, Finland. RP Loukusa, S (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities, Child Language Res Ctr, POB 1000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. EM soile.loukusa@oulu.fi FU Academy of Finland; Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland FX The authors are grateful to the children and their parents who participated in this study. This research was financially supported by the Academy of Finland and the Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland. Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. 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J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 498 EP 507 DI 10.1111/1460-6984.12091 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AN4ZW UT WOS:000340599700008 PM 24888967 ER PT J AU Yu, TW Berry-Kravis, E AF Yu, Timothy W. Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth TI Autism and Fragile X Syndrome SO SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; autism spectrum disorder; fragile X mental retardation protein; fragile X mental retardation 1 geneintellectual disability ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FUNCTIONAL IMPACT; MOUSE MODEL; CGG REPEAT; OPEN-LABEL; FMR1 GENE AB Autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impairments in language, social skills, and repetitive behaviors, often accompanied by intellectual disability. Advances in the genetics of ASDs are providing new glimpses into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms disrupted in these conditions. These glimpses on one hand reinforce the idea that synapse development and plasticity are one of the major pathways disrupted in autism, but beyond that are providing fresh molecular support to the idea of mechanistic parallels between idiopathic ASD and specific syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders like fragile X syndrome (FXS). Fragile X syndrome is already recognized as the most common identifiable genetic cause of intellectual disability and ASDs, with many overlapping phenotypic features. Fragile X syndrome is associated with a variety of cognitive, behavioral, physical, and medical problems, which are managed through supportive treatment. Recent major advances in the understanding of the underlying neurobiology in FXS have led to the discovery of agents that rescue phenotypes in the FXS mouse model, and early clinical trials of targeted treatments in humans with FXS. Thus translational strategies in FXS may be poised to serve as models for ASD and other cognitive disorders. C1 [Yu, Timothy W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Genet & Genom, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Yu, Timothy W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Yu, TW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Genet & Genom, Boston Childrens Hosp, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1055/s-0034-1386764 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO4AQ UT WOS:000341279000005 PM 25192504 ER PT J AU Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S van Karnebeek, CDM AF Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia van Karnebeek, Clara D. M. TI Cerebral Creatine Deficiencies: A Group of Treatable Intellectual Developmental Disorders SO SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GATM; guanidinoacetate methyltransferase; SLC6A8; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; treatment; intellectual disability; developmental delay; autism ID AMIDINOTRANSFERASE AGAT DEFICIENCY; METHYLTRANSFERASE GAMT DEFICIENCY; TRANSPORTER DEFICIENCY; INBORN ERROR; BRAIN; METABOLISM; ARGININE; DEFECT; SLC6A8; SPECTRUM AB Currently there are 91 treatable inborn errors of metabolism that cause intellectual developmental disorders. Cerebral creatine deficiencies (CDD) comprise three of these: arginine: glycine amidinotransferase [AGAT], guanidinoacetate methyltransferase [GAMT], and X-linked creatine transporter deficiency [SLC6A8]. Intellectual developmental disorder and cerebral creatine deficiency are the hallmarks of CDD. Additional clinical features include prominent speech delay, autism, epilepsy, extrapyramidal movement disorders, and signal changes in the globus pallidus. Patients with GAMT deficiency exhibit the most severe clinical spectrum. Myopathy is a distinct feature in AGAT deficiency. Guanidinoacetate (GAA) is the immediate product in the creatine biosynthetic pathway. Low GAA concentrations in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid are characteristic diagnostic markers for AGAT deficiency, while high GAA concentrations are characteristic markers for GAMT deficiency. An elevated ratio of urinary creatine /creatinine excretion serves as a diagnostic marker in males with SLC6A8 deficiency. Treatment strategies include oral supplementation of high-dose creatine-monohydrate for all three CDD. Guanidinoacetate-reducing strategies (high-dose ornithine, arginine-restricted diet) are additionally employed in GAMT deficiency. Supplementation of substrates for intracerebral creatine synthesis (arginine, glycine) has been used additionally to treat SLC6A8 deficiency. Early recognition and treatment improves outcomes. Normal outcomes in neonatally ascertained siblings from index families with AGAT and GAMT deficiency suggest a potential benefit of newborn screening for these disorders. C1 [Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia; van Karnebeek, Clara D. M.] Univ British Columbia, Div Biochem Dis, Dept Pediat, BC Childrens Hosp, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. [Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia; van Karnebeek, Clara D. M.] Univ British Columbia, Treatable Intellectual Disabil Endeavor British C, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. [Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia; van Karnebeek, Clara D. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1055/s-0034-1386772 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO4AQ UT WOS:000341279000013 PM 25192512 ER PT J AU Hardstaff, S AF Hardstaff, Sarah TI "Maybe he's on the toy train": empathising and systemising in an encounter with David Macaulay's Black and White SO LITERACY LA English DT Article DE children's literature; autism; fiction; narrative; picture books; reader response; empathy; perspective-taking AB This study explores the responses of Abby, a young person with autism, to David Macaulay's 1990 picturebook Black and White. Although both picturebook researchers and autism practitioners focus on the importance of encouraging empathetic responses to fictional characters, I build on Louise Collins' argument that Macaulay's work offers an opportunity to develop a different kind of "moral literacy" (2002, p.31). Different ways of practising and understanding perspective-taking in relation to fiction are considered in light of Abby's responses to Black and White and to fiction more generally. This study, in considering its own weaknesses, also offers a critique of the typical approaches to picturebook research whereby taking the perspective of fictional characters is sometimes seen as indicative of reading competence. C1 Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, England. RP Hardstaff, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, England. 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Night, 1999, 6 SENSE NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1741-4350 EI 1741-4369 J9 LITERACY JI Literacy PD JUL PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1111/lit.12033 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA AN4ZB UT WOS:000340597500005 ER PT J AU Jantzie, LL Getsy, PM Firl, DJ Wilson, CG Miller, RH Robinson, S AF Jantzie, L. L. Getsy, P. M. Firl, D. J. Wilson, C. G. Miller, R. H. Robinson, S. TI Erythropoietin attenuates loss of potassium chloride co-transporters following prenatal brain injury SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Calpain; Erythropoietin; Hypoxia-ischemia; KCC2; Perinatal brain injury ID HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; CL-COTRANSPORTER KCC2; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; DOWN-REGULATION; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; PRETERM INFANTS; CALPAIN; EXPRESSION; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Therapeutic agents that restore the inhibitory actions of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) by modulating intracellular chloride concentrations will provide novel avenues to treat stroke, chronic pain, epilepsy, autism, and neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders. During development, upregulation of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, and the resultant switch from excitatory to inhibitory responses to GABA guide the formation of essential inhibitory circuits. Importantly, maturation of inhibitory mechanisms is also central to the development of excitatory circuits and proper balance between excitatory and inhibitory networks in the developing brain. Loss of KCC2 expression occurs in postmortem samples from human preterm infant brains with white matter lesions. Here we show that late gestation brain injury in a rat model of extreme prematurity impairs the developmental upregulation of potassium chloride co-transporters during a critical postnatal period of circuit maturation in CA3 hippocampus by inducing a sustained loss of oligomeric KCC2 via a calpain-dependent mechanism. Further, administration of erythropoietin (EPO) in a clinically relevant postnatal dosing regimen following the prenatal injury protects the developing brain by reducing calpain activity, restoring oligomeric KCC2 expression and attenuating KCC2 fragmentation, thus providing the first report of a safe therapy to address deficits in KCC2 expression. Together, these data indicate it is possible to reverse abnormalities in KCC2 expression during the postnatal period, and potentially reverse deficits in inhibitory circuit formation central to cognitive impairment and epileptogenesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Getsy, P. M.; Wilson, C. G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Miller, R. H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Robinson, S (reprint author), Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Hunnewell 2,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Shenandoah.Robinson@childrens.harvard.edu FU National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health [RO1 NS060765] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health (RO1 NS060765 to S.R.). We thank Cecil Yeung, James Messegee, Elizabeth Schick, Mark Eden, and Qing Li for their exceptional technical assistance. We are very appreciative of the Boston Children's Hospital Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (BCH IDDRC) Cellular Imaging Core (P30 HD18655). 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Cell. Neurosci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 61 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.06.009 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN6FN UT WOS:000340690400015 PM 24983520 ER PT J AU Warlaumont, AS Richards, JA Gilkerson, J Oller, DK AF Warlaumont, Anne S. Richards, Jeffrey A. Gilkerson, Jill Oller, D. Kimbrough TI A Social Feedback Loop for Speech Development and Its Reduction in Autism SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE social interaction; speech development; autism; socioeconomic status; rewards ID AUTOMATED VOCAL ANALYSIS; JOINT ATTENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION; ABILITIES; INFANTS AB We analyzed the microstructure of child-adult interaction during naturalistic, daylong, automatically labeled audio recordings (13,836 hr total) of children (8- to 48-month-olds) with and without autism. We found that an adult was more likely to respond when the child's vocalization was speech related rather than not speech related. In turn, a child's vocalization was more likely to be speech related if the child's previous speech-related vocalization had received an immediate adult response rather than no response. Taken together, these results are consistent with the idea that there is a social feedback loop between child and caregiver that promotes speech development. Although this feedback loop applies in both typical development and autism, children with autism produced proportionally fewer speech-related vocalizations, and the responses they received were less contingent on whether their vocalizations were speech related. We argue that such differences will diminish the strength of the social feedback loop and have cascading effects on speech development over time. Differences related to socioeconomic status are also reported. C1 [Warlaumont, Anne S.] Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Richards, Jeffrey A.; Gilkerson, Jill] LENA Res Fdn, Boulder, CO USA. [Gilkerson, Jill] Univ Colorado, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oller, D. Kimbrough] Univ Memphis, Sch Commun Sci & Disorders, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Oller, D. Kimbrough] Konrad Lorenz Inst Evolut & Cognit Res, Klosterneuburg, Austria. RP Warlaumont, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Arts, 5200 North Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1111/jmft.12012 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA AM6HF UT WOS:000339964100005 PM 24749815 ER PT J AU Bourne, Y Marchot, P AF Bourne, Yves Marchot, Pascale TI The Neuroligins and Their Ligands: from Structure to Function at the Synapse SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM) CY MAY, 2013 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Acetylcholinesterase; Adhesion; alpha/beta-hydrolase; Autism; Complex; Ectodomain; Enzyme; Model; Neurexin; Neuroligin; Partnership; Structure; Synapse ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BETA-NEUREXINS; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; INHIBITORY SYNAPSES; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; NMDA RECEPTORS; PROTEIN; BINDING; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AB The neuroligins are cell adhesion proteins whose extracellular domain belongs to the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family of proteins, mainly containing enzymes and exemplified by acetylcholinesterase. The ectodomain of postsynaptic neuroligins interacts through a calcium ion with the ectodomain of presynaptic neurexins to form flexible trans-synaptic associations characterized by selectivity for neuroligin or neurexin subtypes. This heterophilic interaction, essential for synaptic differentiation, maturation, and maintenance, is regulated by gene selection, alternative mRNA splicing, and posttranslational modifications. Mutations leading to deficiencies in the expression, folding, maturation, and binding properties of either partner are associated with autism spectrum disorders. The currently available structural and functional data illustrate how these two families of cell adhesion molecules bridge the synaptic cleft to participate in synapse plasticity and support its dynamic nature. Neuroligin partners distinct from the neurexins, and which may undergo either trans or cis interaction, have also been described, and tridimensional structures of some of them are available. Our study emphasizes the partnership versatility of the neuroligin ectodomain associated with molecular flexibility and alternative binding sites, proposes homology models of the structurally non-characterized neuroligin partners, and exemplifies the large structural variability at the surface of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold subunit. This study also provides new insights into possible surface binding sites associated with non-catalytic properties of the acetylcholinesterase subunit. C1 [Bourne, Yves; Marchot, Pascale] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. RP Bourne, Y (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Campus Luminy Case 932, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. 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We previously reported that a deficiency of DISCI may induce low anxiety and/or high impulsivity in mice with disruption of exons 2 and 3 of the Disc) gene (Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3)). It remains unclear, however, if deficiency of DISCI leads to specific alterations in distinct neuronal systems. In the present study, to understand the role of DISCI in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons and mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, we investigated the number of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons, methamphetamine (METH)-induced DA release and the expression levels of GABA(A), DA transporter (DAT) and DA receptors in wild-type (Disc1(+/+)) and Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice. Female Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice showed a significant reduction of PV-positive interneurons in the hippocampus, while no apparent changes were observed in mRNA expression levels of GABA(A) receptor subunits. METH-induced DA release was significantly potentiated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of female Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice, although there were no significant differences in the expression levels of DAT. Furthermore, the expression levels of DA receptor mRNA were upregulated in the NAc of female Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice. Male Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice showed no apparent differences in all experiments. DISCI may play a critical role in gender-specific developmental alteration in GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and DAergic neurons. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nakai, Tsuyoshi; Nagai, Taku; Wang, Rui; Yamada, Shinnosuke; Yamada, Kiyofumi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. [Nakai, Tsuyoshi; Nagai, Taku; Wang, Rui; Yamada, Shinnosuke; Yamada, Kiyofumi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Hosp Pharm, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. [Kuroda, Keisuke; Kaibuchi, Kozo] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cell Pharmacol, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. RP Yamada, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Showa Ku, 65 Tsuruma Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. EM kyamada@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Kuroda, Keisuke/K-5255-2013 OI Kuroda, Keisuke/0000-0002-6715-5125 FU JSPS KAKENHI from JST [243493]; JSPS; SRPBS from MEXT, CREST; MEXT [24111518, 25116515, 25460093, 26670121, 26293053]; MHLW [H25-Iyaku-Ippan-020]; Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP [24-12]; SRF Grant for Biomedical Research FX We thank the Division for Research of Laboratory Animals, Center for Research of Laboratory Animals and Medical Research Engineering (Technical Staff, Yasutaka Ohya and Kumiko Yano) for animal care and use. This work was supported by the following funding sources: JSPS KAKENHI (243493) from JST, Exploratory Research from JSPS, "Integrated Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders" and "Bioinformatics for Brain Sciences" carried out under the SRPBS from MEXT, CREST, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (24111518, 25116515, 25460093, 26670121, 26293053) from the MEXT, Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant (H25-Iyaku-Ippan-020) from MHLW, Intramural Research Grant (24-12) for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP and SRF Grant for Biomedical Research. 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Int. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 74 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.009 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN0YJ UT WOS:000340309600010 PM 24973713 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TG Aston, KI Pflueger, C Cairns, BR Carrell, DT AF Jenkins, Timothy G. Aston, Kenneth I. Pflueger, Christian Cairns, Bradley R. Carrell, Douglas T. TI Age-Associated Sperm DNA Methylation Alterations: Possible Implications in Offspring Disease Susceptibility SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL AGE; PATERNAL AGE; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; TELOMERE LENGTH; TNXB LOCUS; GENE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX AB Recent evidence demonstrates a role for paternal aging on offspring disease susceptibility. It is well established that various neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autism, etc.), trinucleotide expansion associated diseases (myotonic dystrophy, Huntington's, etc.) and even some forms of cancer have increased incidence in the offspring of older fathers. Despite strong epidemiological evidence that these alterations are more common in offspring sired by older fathers, in most cases the mechanisms that drive these processes are unclear. However, it is commonly believed that epigenetics, and specifically DNA methylation alterations, likely play a role. In this study we have investigated the impact of aging on DNA methylation in mature human sperm. Using a methylation array approach we evaluated changes to sperm DNA methylation patterns in 17 fertile donors by comparing the sperm methylome of 2 samples collected from each individual 9-19 years apart. With this design we have identified 139 regions that are significantly and consistently hypomethylated with age and 8 regions that are significantly hypermethylated with age. A representative subset of these alterations have been confirmed in an independent cohort. A total of 117 genes are associated with these regions of methylation alterations (promoter or gene body). Intriguingly, a portion of the age-related changes in sperm DNA methylation are located at genes previously associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While our data does not establish a causative relationship, it does raise the possibility that the age-associated methylation of the candidate genes that we observe in sperm might contribute to the increased incidence of neuropsychiatric and other disorders in the offspring of older males. However, further study is required to determine whether, and to what extent, a causative relationship exists. C1 [Jenkins, Timothy G.; Aston, Kenneth I.; Carrell, Douglas T.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Androl & IVF Labs, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pflueger, Christian; Cairns, Bradley R.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Oncol Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Cairns, Bradley R.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Carrell, Douglas T.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Carrell, Douglas T.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Androl & IVF Labs, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Brad.Cairns@hci.utah.edu; douglas.carrell@hsc.utah.edu FU University of Utah Center on Aging FX An internal University of Utah small grant from the "University of Utah Center on Aging" was used for this study. Additionally, clinical funds were used for this study. No outside grant agency funds were applied. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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The Nesprin protein family mediates nuclear and organelle anchorage and positioning. In the nervous system, the only known function of Nesprin-1 and 2 is in regulation of neurogenesis and neural migration. It remains unclear if Nesprin-1 and 2 regulate other functions in neurons. Using a proteomic approach in C. elegans, we have found that ANC-1 binds to the Regulator of Presynaptic Morphology 1 (RPM-1). RPM-1 is part of a conserved family of signaling molecules called Pam/Highwire/RPM-1 (PHR) proteins that are important regulators of neuronal development. We have found that ANC-1, like RPM-1, regulates axon termination and synapse formation. Our genetic analysis indicates that ANC-1 functions via the beta-catenin BAR-1, and the ANC-1/BAR-1 pathway functions cell autonomously, downstream of RPM-1 to regulate neuronal development. Further, ANC-1 binding to the nucleus is required for its function in axon termination and synapse formation. We identify variable roles for four different Wnts (LIN-44, EGL-20, CWN-1 and CWN-2) that function through BAR-1 to regulate axon termination. Our study highlights an emerging, broad role for ANC-1 in neuronal development, and unveils a new and unexpected mechanism by which RPM-1 functions. C1 [Tulgren, Erik D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Turgeon, Shane M.; Opperman, Karla J.; Grill, Brock] Scripps Res Inst Florida, Dept Neurosci, Jupiter, FL USA. RP Tulgren, ED (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, 3-249 Millard Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM bgrill@scripps.edu FU NIH [R01 NS072129]; NSF [IOS-1121095] FX BG was supported by the NIH (R01 NS072129) and the NSF (IOS-1121095). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 7 AR e1004481 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004481 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AM5ME UT WOS:000339902600033 PM 25010424 ER PT J AU St Peter, CC Brunson, LY Cook, JE Subramaniam, S Larson, NA Clingan, M Poe, SG AF St Peter, Claire C. Brunson, Lashanna Y. Cook, James E. Subramaniam, Shrinidhi Larson, Nicholas A. Clingan, Mark Poe, Susannah G. TI ADHERENCE TO DISCRETE-TRIAL INSTRUCTION PROCEDURES BY RURAL PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID TEACHING SKILLS; DRUG-THERAPY; STAFF; IMPLEMENTATION; INTERVENTION; ASSESSMENTS; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; PREFERENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders may not attempt treatment, even when effective treatment options are available. Little is known about how to improve frequency of attempts to implement treatment ('treatment adherence'). 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Intervent. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 200 EP 212 DI 10.1002/bin.1386 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AM6EG UT WOS:000339955100003 ER PT J AU Guercio, JM Murray, WJ AF Guercio, John M. Murray, William J. TI LICENSURE FOR BEHAVIOR ANALYSTS: THE PATH TO RESPONSIBLE AND COOPERATIVE ACTION SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; DISORDER AB The increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the last decade has contributed to growth in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA). This growth has been spurred by consumer demand for access to this evidence-based treatment for those with an autism spectrum disorder. Presently, there are at least 34 states that have laws or regulations in place that mandate insurance coverage for autism spectrum disorders. There are also 14 states that have passed licensure or a similar regulatory mechanism for identifying competent providers of ABA. 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TI A pilot proteomic study of protein markers in autism spectrum disorder SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Apolipoprotein; ASD; Autism; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Oxidative stress ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; EXPANDED FMR1 ALLELES; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; INTRON 1 METHYLATION; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FEMALE CARRIERS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is increasing, with 1/88 children believed to be affected by the disorder, with a most recent survey suggesting numbers as high as 1/50. Treatment and understanding of ASD causes is a pressing health concern. ASD protein biomarkers may provide clues about ASD cause. Protein biomarkers for ASDs could be used for ASD diagnosis, subtyping, treatment monitoring, and identifying therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed the sera from seven children with ASD and seven matched controls using Tricine gel electrophoresis (Tricine-PAGE) and LC-MS/MS. Overall, we found increased levels of apolipoproteins ApoA1 and ApoA4, involved in cholesterol metabolism and of serum paraoxanase/arylesterase 1, involved in preventing oxidative damage, in the sera of children with ASD, compared with their matched controls. All three proteins are predicted to interact with each other and are parts of high-density lipoproteins. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger subject numbers. C1 [Wetie, Armand G. Ngounou; Wormwood, Kelly; Woods, Alisa G.; Darie, Costel C.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Biochem & Prote Grp, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Thome, Johannes] Univ Rostock, Dept Psychiat, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Thome, Johannes; Dudley, Edward] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Taurines, Regina; Gerlach, Manfred] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Darie, CC (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Biochem & Prote Grp, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM cdarie@clarkson.edu FU U.S./Army Research Office (DURIP) [W911NF-11-1-0304]; David A. Walsh '67 Fellowship FX We thank Mr. Tobias Ternent (PRIDE Team) for support in submission of the mass spectrometry data to the ProteomeX-change Consortium via the PRIDE repository. This work was supported partially by the U.S./Army Research Office (DURIP grant #W911NF-11-1-0304 to C.C.D.), private donations, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (A.G.W.) and the generosity of SciFund Challenge-3 donors. KLW and CCD were supported during the Summer 2013 by the David A. Walsh '67 Fellowship. 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JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 14 BP 2046 EP 2054 DI 10.1002/elps.201300370 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AM2EG UT WOS:000339661300016 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, T Kawachi, I AF Fujiwara, Takeo Kawachi, Ichiro TI Are Maternal Social Networks and Perceptions of Trust Associated with Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring? A Population-Based Study in Japan SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; PARENTAL AGE; CHILDREN; RISK; HEALTH; COPPER; LEVEL AB Objective: To investigate the associations of maternal social networks and perceptions of trust with the prevalence of suspected autism spectrum disorders in 18-month-old offspring in Japan. Methods: Questionnaires included measurements of maternal social networks (number of relatives or friends they could call upon for assistance), maternal perceptions of trust, mutual assistance (i.e. individual measures of "cognitive social capital"), and social participation (i.e. individual measures of "structural social capital") as well as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers to detect suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These tools were mailed to all families with 18-month-old toddlers in Chiba, a city near Tokyo (N = 6061; response rate: 64%). The association between social capital or social network indicators and suspected ASD were analyzed, adjusted for covariates by logistic regression analysis. Results: Low maternal social trust was found to be significantly positively associated with suspected ASD in toddlers compared with high maternal social trust (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38 to 2.40); mutual aid was also significantly positively related (low vs. high: OR, 1.82, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.40). However, maternal community participation showed U-shape association with suspected ASD of offspring. Maternal social network showed consistent inverse associations with suspected ASD of offspring, regardless of the type of social connection (e. g., relatives, neighbors, or friends living outside of their neighborhood). Conclusions: Mothers' cognitive social capital and social networks, but not structural social capital, might be associated with suspected ASD in offspring. C1 [Fujiwara, Takeo] Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kawachi, Ichiro] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Fujiwara, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. EM fujiwara-tk@ncchd.go.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology KAKENHI [21119003] FX This study was supported by grants from a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology KAKENHI (21119003). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Methods In 1984, 169 preschool children in central Taiwan underwent a detailed physical examination for subtle abnormalities (MPA). Fourteen years later, the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS) and Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ) were used to measure specific psychiatric symptoms. Results There is an association between MPA during childhood and adult characterized with interpersonal, sensitivity, anxiety, depression and paranoid mental health symptoms. Conclusion The signs of childhood MPA can be easily identified and should be regarded as risk factors when predicting mental disorder. Mental health professionals should consider MPAs as important signs for possible development of emotional problems. C1 [Cheng, Helen; Chang, Cheng-Chen] Changhua Christian Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Changhua, Taiwan. [Chang, Cheng-Chen] Chung Shan Med Univ, Inst Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Chang, Yue-Cune] Tamkang Univ, Dept Math, Taipei, Taiwan. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.228 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM3SV UT WOS:000339774000003 PM 25110493 ER PT J AU Say, GN Sahin, B Aslan, K Akbas, S Incesu, L Ceyhan, M AF Say, Gokce Nur Sahin, Bunyamin Aslan, Kerim Akbas, Seher Incesu, Lutfi Ceyhan, Meltem TI Increased Laterality of the Thalamus in Children and Adolescents with Asperger's Disorder: An MRI and Proton Spectroscopy Study SO PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Asperger; Autism; Thalamus; Laterality; Language; Children ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BRAIN SIZE; VOLUME; IMAGES AB Objective Thalamic abnormalities have been reported in people with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) including Asperger's Disorder (ASP). The aim of the present study was to compare the volume and volume fraction of the thalamus and the metabolite concentrations in children and adolescents with ASP using the magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, the relationships between thalamic abnormalities and clinical features were examined. Methods Volume and volume fractional and metabolic measurements of bilateral thalamus were collected from 15 boys with ASP with a total IQ over 70 (age range 7-18 years, mean age 11.6 +/- 3.79 years), and 15 healthy controls matching age, sex and IQ. The thalamic volumes, hemisphere volumes and total brain volumes (TBV) were estimated using the stereological methods on magnetic resonance images. Chemical metabolites of thalamus were evaluated by H-1 spectroscopy. Results No differences in thalamic volumes, volume fractions and metabolites were observed between the groups. There were significant correlation between thalamic volume and total brain volume in both groups. The ASP group showed a significant left-minus-right thalamus difference as well as a significantly greater laterality index. In addition, a significant correlation between the laterality index and Autism Behavior Checklist language scores was observed. Conclusion Findings from this investigation point to a significant increase in laterality of the thalamus and a relationship with language problems in individuals with ASP. Our findings suggest that thalamic abnormalities may be related to mild language problems observed in ASP. C1 [Say, Gokce Nur; Akbas, Seher] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Sahin, Bunyamin] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Anat, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Aslan, Kerim; Incesu, Lutfi; Ceyhan, Meltem] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. RP Say, GN (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Tip Fak Hastanesi, Cocuk & Ergen Psikiyatrisi Anabilim Dali, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. EM gokcenurtasdemir@yahoo.com.tr RI Sahin, Bunyamin/L-5414-2014 OI Sahin, Bunyamin/0000-0001-8538-8443 FU Ondokuz Mayis University Scientific Research FX This study was supported by Ondokuz Mayis University Scientific Research Funding. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.237 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM3SV UT WOS:000339774000005 PM 25110495 ER PT J AU Yoo, HJ Yang, SY Cho, IH Park, M Kim, SA AF Yoo, Hee Jeong Yang, So Young Cho, In Hee Park, Mira Kim, Soon Ae TI Polymorphisms of BDNF Gene and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Family Based Association Study with Korean Trios SO PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Brain derived neurotropic factor; Quantitative transmission disequilibrium test; Family based association study ID NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SYNAPSES; SERUM AB Objective Autism spectrum disorders (ASPS) are a group of early childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and language skills, and repetitive behaviors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in the differentiation of normal neuronal cells during embryonic and postnatal neuronal development through its neurotrophic effects. Methods In this study, we performed a family-based association test (FBAT) between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs6265, rs11030101, rs7103411, and rs7103873) or haplotypes in the BDNF gene and affection status Or several quantitative traits characterized by ADI-R with 151 Korean trios, including a child diagnosed as ASDs. Results While no significant association was found between SNPs or haplotypes and the ASDs disease status, a quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT) by using quantitative traits identified associations of the SNPs (rs6265 and rs11030101) with a domain score for "Restricted, Repetitive and Stereotyped patterns of behavior" (C domain), especially at the subdomain scores for "encompassing preoccupation or circumscribed pattern of interest" (C1) (rs6265A allele, dominant model, p-value=0.019; rs11030101 A allele, additive model, p-value=0.015) and "preoccupations with part of objects or non-functional elements of material" (C4) (rs11030101 A allele, additive Model, p-value=0.015) within the ADI-R diagnostic algorithm. In addition, significant associations were also identified between the haplotypes and these quantitative traits (C1, p-value=0.016; C4, p-Value=0.012). Conclusion We conclude that BDNF gene polymorphisms have a possible role in the pathogenesis of ASDs. C1 [Yoo, Hee Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Songnam, South Korea. [Yang, So Young] Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Taejon, South Korea. [Cho, In Hee] Gachon Univ Med & Sci, Dept Psychiat, Inchon, South Korea. [Park, Mira] Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Taejon 301768, South Korea. [Kim, Soon Ae] Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Taejon 301768, South Korea. RP Kim, SA (reprint author), Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 77 Gyeryong Ro, Taejon 301768, South Korea. EM sakim@eulji.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MEST) [2010-0007583]; Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea [A120029]; Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [20100012133] FX This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (2010-0007583). This work was also supported by a research grant from Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project (A120029) from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. Mira Park was was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (20100012133). 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A., 1985, RIVERMEAD BEHAV MEMO Wray A, 2000, LANG COMMUN, V20, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0271-5309(99)00015-4 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9206 EI 1464-5076 J9 CLIN LINGUIST PHONET JI Clin. Linguist. Phon. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7-8 BP 590 EP 601 DI 10.3109/02699206.2014.926995 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AL9UJ UT WOS:000339487100011 PM 25000380 ER PT J AU Weiss, AL Rohland, P AF Weiss, Amy L. Rohland, Pamela TI "Measuring up" to ethical standards in service delivery to college students on the Autism Spectrum: A practical application of Powell's model for ethical practices in clinical phonetics and linguistics SO CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS LA English DT Article DE Autism; ethical standards; intervention AB This paper examined an interdisciplinary college-based support programme, the Communication Coaching Program (CCP), designed for students diagnosed on the autism spectrum in light of six ethical constructs described by Powell. Collecting data to monitor the successes and ongoing needs of individual participants in the programme is of vital importance, of course, but only addresses a portion of the efficacy question. In addition, the authors, who co-direct the programme and represent different professional expertise and perspectives, recognize the importance of determining whether their evolving intervention model has also been successful in meeting the ethical standards of their respective professions. Careful review of the 4 years of the CCP's operation in terms of ethical constructs has yielded evidence that the CCP, although based on sound principles of theory and scholarship, should be further individualized to meet the particular needs of participants diagnosed with deficits in social communication and executive functioning skills. C1 [Weiss, Amy L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Commun Disorders, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Rohland, Pamela] Univ Rhode Isl, Off Student Life, Disabil Serv Students, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Weiss, AL (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Commun Disorders, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM weissa@mail.uri.edu CR AHEAD-Association of Higher Education and Disability, 2004, PROF STAND AHEAD-Association of Higher Education and Disability, 2004, COD ETH American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2010, COD ETH ETH American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2006, ROL RESP SPEECH LANG Brown J., 2009, STUDENTS ASPERGER SY Council for Clinical Certification in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2012, 2014 STAND CERT CLIN Hewitt LE, 2011, TOP LANG DISORD, V31, P273, DOI 10.1097/TLD.0b013e318227fd19 Larson V., 2005, ASPERGER SYNDROME ST Pope R. L., 2004, MULTICULTURAL COMPET Powell TW, 2007, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V21, P851, DOI 10.1080/02699200701576777 Shattuck PT, 2012, PEDIATRICS, V129, P1042, DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-2864 Young Margaret B., 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V61, P1 White SW, 2011, AUTISM, V15, P683, DOI 10.1177/1362361310393363 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9206 EI 1464-5076 J9 CLIN LINGUIST PHONET JI Clin. Linguist. Phon. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7-8 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.3109/02699206.2014.927002 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AL9UJ UT WOS:000339487100014 PM 25000383 ER PT J AU Sahun, I Marechal, D Pereira, PL Nalesso, V Gruart, A Garcia, JMD Antonarakis, SE Dierssen, M Herault, Y AF Sahun, Ignasi Marechal, Damien Pereira, Patricia Lopes Nalesso, Valerie Gruart, Agnes Delgado Garcia, Jose Maria Antonarakis, Stylianos E. Dierssen, Mara Herault, Yann TI Cognition and Hippocampal Plasticity in the Mouse Is Altered by Monosomy of a Genomic Region Implicated in Down Syndrome SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; RARE DE-NOVO; FUNCTIONAL IMPACT; MICE; GENE; BEHAVIOR; DELPHILIN; REVEALS AB Down syndrome (DS) is due to increased copy number of human chromosome 21. The contribution of different genetic regions has been tested using mouse models. As shown previously, the Abcg1-U2af1 genetic region contributes to cognitive defects in working and short-term recognition memory in Down syndrome mouse models. Here we analyzed the impact of monosomy of the same genetic interval, using a new mouse model, named Ms2Yah. We used several cognitive paradigms and did not detect defects in the object recognition or the Morris water maze tests. However, surprisingly, Ms2Yah mice displayed increased associative memory in a pure contextual fear-conditioning test and decreased social novelty interaction along with a larger long-term potentiation recorded in the CA1 area following stimulation of Schaffer collaterals. Whole-genome expression studies carried out on hippocampus showed that the transcription of only a small number of genes is affected, mainly from the genetic interval (Cbs, Rsph1, Wdr4), with a few additional ones, including the postsynaptic Gabrr2, Gabbr1, Grid2p, Park2, and Dlg1 and the components of the Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (Anapc1, Rnf7, Huwe1, Park2). The Abcgl-U2af1 region is undeniably encompassing dosage-sensitive genes or elements whose change in copy number directly affects learning and memory, synaptic function, and autistic related behavior. C1 [Sahun, Ignasi; Dierssen, Mara] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Ctr Genom Regulat, Syst Biol Programme, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Sahun, Ignasi; Dierssen, Mara] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Raras, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Sahun, Ignasi; Marechal, Damien; Pereira, Patricia Lopes; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Marechal, Damien; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, UMR7104, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Marechal, Damien; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med, U964, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Marechal, Damien; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Univ Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Gruart, Agnes; Delgado Garcia, Jose Maria] Univ Pablo Olavide, Div Neurociencias, Seville 41013, Spain. [Antonarakis, Stylianos E.] Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Genet Med & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Herault, Yann] Groupement lnteret Econ Ctr Europeen Rech Biol Mo, PHENOMIN, Inst Clin Souris, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. RP Herault, Y (reprint author), Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries,BP 10142,Parc Innovat, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM herault@igbmc.fr RI Antonarakis, Stylianos/N-8866-2014 OI Antonarakis, Stylianos/0000-0001-8907-5823 FU French CNRS; French Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; University of Strasbourg; "Centre Europeen de Recherche en Biomedecine"; "Fondation Jerome Lejeune"; Koplowitz Foundation; Fragile X Research Foundation (FRAXA); Association Francaise contre les Myopathies (AFM) Foundation; Spanish Ministry of Economy [SAF2010-16427, SAF2007-31093-E, FIS-PI 082038]; Marato TV3; European Commission (AnEUploidy project) [LSHG-CT-2006-037627]; DURSI [Grups consolidats 09 2009SGR1313] FX We thank members of the research group, of the Institut de Genetique de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBM), of the Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), and of the AnEUploidy consortium for their helpful comments (www.aneuploidy.org). We are grateful to the animal caretakers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPS44 TAAM unit and of the ICS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This project was supported by the French CNRS; the French Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; the University of Strasbourg and the "Centre Europeen de Recherche en Biomedecine"; the "Fondation Jerome Lejeune"; Koplowitz, Fragile X Research Foundation (FRAXA), and Association Francaise contre les Myopathies (AFM) Foundations; the Spanish Ministry of Economy (SAF2010-16427, SAF2007-31093-E, and FIS-PI 082038); Marato TV3; and the European Commission (AnEUploidy project LSHG-CT-2006-037627 to Y.H. and M.D.) The laboratory of M.D. is supported by DURSI (Grups consolidats 09 2009SGR1313). 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However, the neurological background of auditory hypersensitivity is currently not clear. The present study examined the relationship between sympathetic nervous system responses and auditory hypersensitivity induced by different types of auditory stimuli. [Methods] We exposed 20 healthy young adults to six different types of auditory stimuli. The amounts of palmar sweating resulting from the auditory stimuli were compared between groups with (hypersensitive) and without (non-hypersensitive) auditory hypersensitivity. [Results] Although no group x type of stimulus x first stimulus interaction was observed for the extent of reaction, significant type of stimulus x first stimulus interaction was noted for the extent of reaction. For an 80 dB-6,000 Hz stimulus, the trends for palmar sweating differed between the groups. For the first stimulus, the variance became larger in the hypersensitive group than in the non-hypersensitive group. [Conclusion] Subjects who regularly felt excessive reactions to auditory stimuli tended to have excessive sympathetic responses to repeated loud noises compared with subjects who did not feel excessive reactions. People with auditory hypersensitivity may be classified into several subtypes depending on their reaction patterns to auditory stimuli. C1 [Kato, Fumi; Iwanaga, Ryoichiro; Tokunaga, Akiko; Murata, Jun; Tanaka, Koji; Nakane, Hideyuki; Tanaka, Goro] Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Psychiat Rehabil Sci, Nagasaki 8528520, Japan. [Chono, Mami] Hirado City Hlth & Welf Ctr Children Disabil, Hirado, Japan. [Fujihara, Saori] NPO Peaacas, Gifu, Japan. RP Kato, F (reprint author), Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Psychiat Rehabil Sci, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528520, Japan. 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Phys. Ther. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1091 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AM1RU UT WOS:000339626700031 PM 25140103 ER PT J AU Swettenham, J Remington, A Murphy, P Feuerstein, M Grim, K Lavie, N AF Swettenham, John Remington, Anna Murphy, Patrick Feuerstein, Maike Grim, Kelly Lavie, Nilli TI Seeing the Unseen: Autism Involves Reduced Susceptibility to Inattentional Blindness SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; inattentional blindness; attention; perceptual load; development ID SUPERIOR VISUAL-SEARCH; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; PERCEPTUAL LOAD; SPECTRUM DISORDER; COGNITIVE CONTROL; CHILDREN; TASK; CORTEX; INDIVIDUALS; RESPONSES AB Objective: Attention research in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has produced conflicting results. Some findings demonstrate greater distractibility while others suggest superior focused attention. Applying Lavie's load theory of attention to account for this discrepancy led us to hypothesize increased perceptual capacity in ASD. Preliminary support for our hypothesis has so far been found for adults with ASD with reaction time (RT) and signal detection sensitivity measures. Here we test the novel prediction we derived from this hypothesis that children with ASD should have lower rates of inattentional blindness than controls. Method: Twenty-four children with ASD (mean age = 10 years 10 months) and 39 typically developing children (age and IQ matched) took part in the study. We assessed the effects of perceptual load on the rates of inattentional blindness in each group. Participants performing a line discrimination task in either a high load or low load condition were presented with an unexpected extra stimulus on a critical trial. Performance on the line judgment task and rates of detection and stimulus identification were recorded. Results: Overall rates of detection and identification were higher in the ASD group than in the controls. Moreover, whereas both detection and identification rates were significantly lower in the high (compared with low) load conditions for the controls, these were unaffected by load in the ASD group. Conclusion: Reduced inattentional blindness rates under load in ASD suggests higher perceptual capacity is a core feature, present from childhood and leading to superior performance in various measures of perception and attention. C1 [Swettenham, John; Murphy, Patrick; Feuerstein, Maike; Grim, Kelly; Lavie, Nilli] UCL, London WC1N 1PF, England. [Remington, Anna; Murphy, Patrick; Feuerstein, Maike; Grim, Kelly; Lavie, Nilli] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 1PF, England. [Remington, Anna] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Swettenham, J (reprint author), UCL, Chandler House,2 Wakefield St, London WC1N 1PF, England. 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The deletion is associated with one of the breakpoints of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement 46, XY,t(3;16;5)(q29;q22;q15)inv4(p14;q21) ins(4;5)(q21;q14.3q15). Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules involved in synaptic plasticity. Since genetic evidence points towards a role for cadherins in ASD, we studied the possible contribution of CDH11 to ASD. A case-control association study for 14 SNP variants in 519 ASD cases and 1,192 controls showed significant overrepresentation of rs7187376C/C genotypes in the patient group [P = 0.0049 (Chi-square = 7.90 1 df) and O.R. 3.88 C.I. = 1.403-10.733]. There was no association for C/T versus T/T [P = 0.6772 (Chi-square = 0.17 1 df)] nor was there association at the allelic level [P = 0.4373 (Chi-square = 0.6 1 df)]. In addition to the association of common variants in CDH11 with ASD, we studied the possible contribution of rare variants by sequencing CDH11 in 247 patients, and found three novel variants in the coding region of CDH1, of which two variants were unlikely to be causal. Targeted CNV screening in these 247 patients did not reveal copy number variation in CDH11. In conclusion, the data provide evidence for the involvement of CDH11 in ASD which is consistent with the association of other cadherins with ASD and neuropsychiatric diseases. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Crepel, An; De Wolf, Veerle; Brison, Nathalie; Devriendt, Koen; Peeters, Hilde] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Leuven, Belgium. [Crepel, An; De Wolf, Veerle; Brison, Nathalie; Steyaert, Jean; Noens, Ilse; Devriendt, Koen; Peeters, Hilde] Leuven Autism Res LAuRes, Leuven, Belgium. [Ceulemans, Berten] Univ Antwerp, Antwerp Univ Hosp UZA, Dept Neurol Pediat Neurol, Edegem, Belgium. [Walleghem, Didier] Univ Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Antwerp Hosp Network ZNA, Antwerp, Belgium. [Peuteman, Gilian; Lambrechts, Diether] VIB, Vesalius Res Ctr, Leuven, Belgium. [Peuteman, Gilian; Lambrechts, Diether] Univ Leuven, Dept Oncol, Lab Translat Genet, Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Acad Hosp Maastricht, Dept Clin Genet, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Res Inst Growth & Dev GROW, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Noens, Ilse] Univ Leuven, Parenting & Special Educ Res Unit, Leuven, Belgium. [Noens, Ilse] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Peeters, H (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Herestr 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. EM hilde.peeters@med.kuleuven.be RI Steyaert, Jean/B-5326-2015 OI Steyaert, Jean/0000-0003-2512-4694 FU Research Actions KULeuven [GOA/12/015]; Belgian Science Policy Office Interuniversity Attraction Poles (BELSPO-IAP) IAP [P7/43-BeMGI]; Clinical Research Foundation of UZLeuven FX Grant sponsor: Research Actions KULeuven GOA/12/015; Grant sponsor: Belgian Science Policy Office Interuniversity Attraction Poles (BELSPO-IAP) IAP; Grant number: P7/43-BeMGI. K.D.; Grant sponsor: Clinical Research Foundation of UZLeuven. 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B PD JUL PY 2014 VL 165 IS 5 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.32243 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry GA AL4IU UT WOS:000339097200001 PM 24839052 ER PT J AU Cozzolino, R De Magistris, L Saggese, P Stocchero, M Martignetti, A Di Stasio, M Malorni, A Marotta, R Boscaino, F Malorni, L AF Cozzolino, Rosaria De Magistris, Laura Saggese, Paola Stocchero, Matteo Martignetti, Antonella Di Stasio, Michele Malorni, Antonio Marotta, Rosa Boscaino, Floriana Malorni, Livia TI Use of solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of urinary volatile organic compounds in autistic children compared with healthy controls SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Urine samples; Solid-phase microextraction; Volatile organic compounds; Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CANCER BIOMARKERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; METABOLOMICS; METABONOMICS; DIAGNOSIS; TRIMETHYLAMINE; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMOMETRICS; SEROTONIN AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which have a severe life-long effect on behavior and social functioning, and which are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Their diagnosis is on the basis of behavioral and developmental signs usually detected before three years of age, and there is no reliable biological marker. The objective of this study was to establish the volatile urinary metabolomic profiles of 24 autistic children and 21 healthy children (control group) to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential biomarkers for ASDs. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using DVB/CAR/PDMS sorbent coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to obtain the metabolomic information patterns. Urine samples were analyzed under both acid and alkaline pH, to profile a range of urinary components with different physicochemical properties. Multivariate statistics techniques were applied to bioanalytical data to visualize clusters of cases and to detect the VOCs able to differentiate autistic patients from healthy children. In particular, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) achieved very good separation between autistic and control groups under both acidic and alkaline pH, identifying discriminating metabolites. Among these, 3-methyl-cyclopentanone, 3-methyl-butanal, 2-methyl-butanal, and hexane under acid conditions, and 2-methyl-pyrazine, 2,3-dimethyl-pyrazine, and isoxazolo under alkaline pH had statistically higher levels in urine samples from autistic children than from the control group. Further investigation with a higher number of patients should be performed to outline the metabolic origins of these variables, define a possible association with ASDs, and verify the usefulness of these variables for early-stage diagnosis. C1 [Cozzolino, Rosaria; Saggese, Paola; Martignetti, Antonella; Di Stasio, Michele; Boscaino, Floriana] CNR, Inst Food Sci, I-83100 Avellino, Italy. [De Magistris, Laura] Univ Naples 2, CIRANAD, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Stocchero, Matteo] S IN Soluzioni Informat Srl, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy. [Malorni, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Dept Environm Biol & Pharmaceut Sci & Technol, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. [Marotta, Rosa] Magna Graecia Univ Catanzaro, Dept Psychiat, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy. [Malorni, Livia] Univ Naples 2, Dept Expt Med, Sect Hyg Occupat Med & Forens Med,Sch Med, I-80138 Naples, Italy. RP Cozzolino, R (reprint author), CNR, Inst Food Sci, Via Roma 64, I-83100 Avellino, Italy. 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Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 406 IS 19 BP 4649 EP 4662 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-7855-z PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AL5EE UT WOS:000339155500009 PM 24828982 ER PT J AU Liu, YZ Li, BS Tan, RJ Zhu, XL Wang, YD AF Liu, Yongzhuang Li, Bingshan Tan, Renjie Zhu, Xiaolin Wang, Yadong TI A gradient-boosting approach for filtering de novo mutations in parent-offspring trios SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION SEQUENCING DATA; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; SOMATIC MUTATION; DISCOVERY; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; MACHINE; RATES AB Motivation: Whole-genome and -exome sequencing on parent-offspring trios is a powerful approach to identifying disease-associated genes by detecting de novo mutations in patients. Accurate detection of de novo mutations from sequencing data is a critical step in triobased genetic studies. Existing bioinformatic approaches usually yield high error rates due to sequencing artifacts and alignment issues, which may either miss true de novo mutations or call too many false ones, making downstream validation and analysis difficult. In particular, current approaches have much worse specificity than sensitivity, and developing effective filters to discriminate genuine from spurious de novo mutations remains an unsolved challenge. Results: In this article, we curated 59 sequence features in whole genome and exome alignment context which are considered to be relevant to discriminating true de novo mutations from artifacts, and then employed a machine-learning approach to classify candidates as true or false de novo mutations. Specifically, we built a classifier, named De Novo Mutation Filter (DNMFilter), using gradient boosting as the classification algorithm. We built the training set using experimentally validated true and false de novo mutations as well as collected false de novo mutations from an in-house large-scale exomesequencing project. We evaluated DNMFilter's theoretical performance and investigated relative importance of different sequence features on the classification accuracy. Finally, we applied DNMFilter on our in-house whole exome trios and one CEU trio from the 1000 Genomes Project and found that DNMFilter could be coupled with commonly used de novo mutation detection approaches as an effective filtering approach to significantly reduce false discovery rate without sacrificing sensitivity. Availability: The software DNMFilter implemented using a combination of Java and R is freely available from the website at http:// humangenome. duke. edu/software. C1 [Liu, Yongzhuang; Tan, Renjie; Wang, Yadong] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongzhuang; Tan, Renjie; Zhu, Xiaolin] Duke Univ, Ctr Human Genome Variat, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Li, Bingshan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. FU Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project NIH [U01-NS053998]; Epi4K Project 1-Epileptic Encephalopathies NIH [U01-NS077364]; Epi4K-Sequencing, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core NIH [U01-NS077303]; Epi4K-Phenotyping and Clinical Informatics Core NIH [U01-NS077276]; Natural Science Foundation of China [61173085, 61102149]; Governmental scholarship from China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project NIH grant U01-NS053998; Epi4K Project 1-Epileptic Encephalopathies NIH grant U01-NS077364; Epi4K-Sequencing, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core NIH grant U01-NS077303; Epi4K-Phenotyping and Clinical Informatics Core NIH grant U01-NS077276; Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers: 61173085, 61102149]; Governmental scholarship from China Scholarship Council (CSC) (to Y.L. and R.T.). 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The ferritin subunits ferritin heavy chain (Fth1) and ferritin light chain (Ftl1) are tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, mechanisms of maintaining stable, basal expression of Fth1 are poorly understood. Here, we show that global deletion of Mbd5 in mice induces an iron overload phenotype. Liver and serum iron levels in Mbd5(-/-) mice were 3.2-fold and 1.5-fold higher respectively, than wild-type littermates; moreover, serum ferritin was increased >5-fold in the Mbd5(-/-) mice. Mbd5 encodes a member of the methyl-CpG binding domain family; however, the precise function of this gene is poorly understood. Here, we found that intestinal Fth1 mRNA levels were decreased in Mbd5(-/-) mice. Loss of Fth1 expression in the intestine could lead to iron over-absorption. Furthermore, deleting Mbd5 specifically in the intestine resulted in a phenotype similar to that of conditional deletion of Fth1 mice. An Fth1 promoter-report luciferase assay indicated that overexpression of Mbd5 enhanced Fth1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner. Histone H4 acetylation of the Fth1 promoter was reduced in the intestine of Mbd5(-/-) mice and further analysis showed that histone acetyltransferase KAT2A was essential for MBD5-induced Fth1 transcription. C1 [Tao, Yunlong; Wu, Qian; Guo, Xin; Zhang, Zhuzhen; Shen, Yuanyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Nutr & Metab, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Nutr Sci,Grad Sch, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Tao, Yunlong; Wu, Qian; Guo, Xin; Zhang, Zhuzhen; Wang, Fudi] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Inst Nutr & Food Safety,Collaborat Innovat Ctr Di, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Wang, FD (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM fwang@zju.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB966200, 2012BAD33B05]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31030039, 31225013, 31330036]; Distinguished Professorship Programme of Zhejiang University FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Guoliang Xu (Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, SIBS, CAS) for sharing his Mbd5-/- mice and Mbd5 expression plasmids, Dr. Yoshiaki Tsuji (North Carolina State University) for providing the Fth1-promoter 4.8 kb pGL3 plasmids, and Pere Puigserver (Harvard Medical School) for providing KAT2A expression plasmid. This study was supported by research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011CB966200, and 2012BAD33B05) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31030039, 31225013 and 31330036). This study was also supported by the Distinguished Professorship Programme of Zhejiang University (to FW). 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A., 1992, MUSIC THERAPY PERSPE, V10, P93 NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1056-4993 EI 1558-0490 J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 535 EP + DI 10.1016/j.chc.2013.03.003 PG 20 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AL8TH UT WOS:000339411900005 PM 24975624 ER PT J AU Terzian, ALB Micale, V Wotjak, CT AF Terzian, Ana Luisa B. Micale, Vincenzo Wotjak, Carsten T. TI Cannabinoid receptor type 1 receptors on GABAergic vs. glutamatergic neurons differentially gate sex-dependent social interest in mice SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CB1; depression; GABA; glutamate; sexual interest; social behavior ID ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM; ANXIETY RESPONSES; BIMODAL CONTROL; KNOCKOUT MICE; ANIMAL-MODELS; CB1; BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; FEAR; AROUSAL AB Abnormalities in social behavior are found in almost all psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, autism, and schizophrenia. Thus, comprehension of the neurobiological basis of social interaction is important for a better understanding of numerous pathologies and improved treatments. Several findings have suggested that an alteration of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor function could be involved in the pathophysiology of such disorders. However, the role of CB1 receptors is still unclear, and their localisation on different neuronal subpopulations may produce distinct outcomes. To dissect the role of CB1 receptors in different neuronal populations, we used male knockout mice and their respective control littermates [total deletion (CB1(-/-)); specific deletion on cortical glutamatergic neurons (Glu-CB1(-/-)) or on GABAergic interneurons (GABA-CB1(-/-)), and wild-type (WT) mice treated with the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716A (3 mg/kg). Mice were required to perform different social tasks - direct social interaction and social investigation. Direct interaction of two male mice was not modified in any group; however, when they were paired with females, Glu-CB1(-/-) mice showed reduced interaction. Also, exploration of the male stimulus subject in the three-chamber social investigation test was almost unaffected. The situation was completely different when a female was used as the stimulus subject. In this case, Glu-CB1(-/-) mice showed reduced interest in the social stimulus, mimicking the phenotype of CB1(-/-) or WT mice treated with SR141716A. GABA-CB1(-/-) mice showed the opposite phenotype, by spending more time investigating the social stimulus. In conclusion, we provide evidence that CB1 receptors specifically modulate the social investigation of female mice in a neuronal subtype-specific manner. C1 [Terzian, Ana Luisa B.; Micale, Vincenzo; Wotjak, Carsten T.] Max Planck Inst Psychiat, Res Grp Neural Plast, D-80804 Munich, Germany. [Terzian, Ana Luisa B.] Univ Munich, Grad Sch Syst Neurosci, Munich, Germany. [Micale, Vincenzo] Masaryk Univ, Cent European Inst Technol CEITEC, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Wotjak, CT (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Psychiat, Res Grp Neural Plast, Kraepelinstr 2-10, D-80804 Munich, Germany. EM wotjak@mpipsykl.mpg.de FU CNPq [290008/2009-3]; ECNP Research Grant for Young Scientists; project 'CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology' from the European Regional Development Fund [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068] FX A. L. Terzian is supported by a CNPq scholarship (process 290008/2009-3), and V. Micale was supported by an ECNP Research Grant for Young Scientists 2010 and by the project 'CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology' (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068) from the European Regional Development Fund. CR Ace J. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 2293 EP 2298 DI 10.1111/ejn.12561 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL6QJ UT WOS:000339257400013 PM 24698342 ER PT J AU Yangngam, S Plong-On, O Sripo, T Roongpraiwan, R Hansakunachai, T Wirojanan, J Sombuntham, T Ruangdaraganon, N Limprasert, P AF Yangngam, Supaporn Plong-On, Oradawan Sripo, Thanya Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan Hansakunachai, Tippawan Wirojanan, Juthamas Sombuntham, Tasnawat Ruangdaraganon, Nichara Limprasert, Pornprot TI Mutation Screening of the Neurexin 1 Gene in Thai Patients with Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder SO GENETIC TESTING AND MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL VARIANTS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INDIVIDUALS; DELETIONS; NRXN1; ADHESION; NLGN3 AB Aim: Neurexin 1 has two major protein isoforms using alternative promoters, coding for the alpha-neurexin 1 (alpha-NRXN1) and beta-neurexin 1 (beta-NRXN1) genes. This study is to explore the possibility that variants of the NRXN1 gene predispose to intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: The coding regions in 24 exons and exon-intron boundaries of the NRXN1 gene were investigated in 115 Thai patients with ID and ASD by direct DNA sequencing. Results: Nine novel variants of the NRXN1 gene were identified. Four novel variants were found in the beta-NRXN1 gene, one variant of six GGC repeats in exon 1, and three variants at the 5'UTR. Five novel variants were identified in the alpha-NRXN1 gene, four intronic variants and one missense variant in exon 14 (c.2713T > A or p.F905I). Conclusion: Mutation screening of the NRXN1gene in patients with ID and ASD may be useful to identify potential variants predisposing to ID and ASD. However, further studies utilizing protein functional analysis of the novel variants are required for a more definite conclusion. C1 [Yangngam, Supaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Grad Program Biomed Sci, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Yangngam, Supaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med Technol, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Plong-On, Oradawan; Sripo, Thanya; Limprasert, Pornprot] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Div Human Genet, Dept Pathol, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan; Sombuntham, Tasnawat; Ruangdaraganon, Nichara] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Hansakunachai, Tippawan] Thammasat Univ, Dept Pediat, Fac Med, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Wirojanan, Juthamas] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. RP Limprasert, P (reprint author), Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Div Human Genet, Dept Pathol, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. EM lpornpro@yahoo.com FU National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) [BT-B-01-MG-18-4814]; Faculty of Medicine [48/364-006, 48/364-006-1, 48/364-006-2]; Prince of Songkla University [MED5202355, MED5406475] FX This study was supported by the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) grant no. BT-B-01-MG-18-4814, and co-research funding between the Faculty of Medicine (48/364-006, 48/364-006-1 and 48/364-006-2) and Prince of Songkla University (MED5202355 and MED5406475). 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Test. Mol. Biomark. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 7 BP 510 EP 515 DI 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0003 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AL8MG UT WOS:000339392600010 PM 24832020 ER PT J AU Chan, DFY Chan, SHY So, HK Li, AM Ng, RCM Tsang, N AF Chan, D. F. Y. Chan, S. H. Y. So, H. K. Li, A. M. Ng, R. C. M. Tsang, N. TI Dental Health of Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Hong Kong SO HONG KONG JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Austism spectrum disorder; Dental health; Preschool children ID CARIES EXPERIENCE; CARE NEEDS; PROGRAM AB Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were reported to have higher rates of unmet dental needs and behavioural problems that leading to dental care or oral hygiene problems. With the lack of dental services for preschool children in Hong Kong, the severity of dental problems in this group of children has not been documented locally. The aim of this study is to evaluate how well the preschool aged children with autism spectrum disorder comply with the recommendations from the dental profession, namely of tooth brushing habits, dental visits and rate of dental caries. Seventy percent of the 196 recruited children diagnosed with ASD with a mean age of 5.36 years from thirteen rehabilitation centres had established a twice daily tooth brushing habit at a mean age of 2.5 years. Eight-three of the children reported to have behavioural problems during toothbrushing. Thirty-six percent of these behavioural problems were unrelated to the toothbrushing procedure, including crying, screaming and other aggressive behaviour. Twenty-six percent suffered from dental caries of which 60% were reported as severe. Only 48% of them had visited dental services, the majority of these attending for dental checkups. Dental caries was significant higher in mother with low educational level and low-income families with children of ASD. Dental problems in this group of children are not a minor issue. A primary screening dental checkup service for preschool children with ASD especially in low-income families should be deeply considered in Hong Kong. C1 [Chan, D. F. Y.; Chan, S. H. Y.; So, H. K.; Li, A. M.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Ng, R. C. M.; Tsang, N.] Heep Hong Soc, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chan, DFY (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th [Anonymous], 2001, OR HLTH SURV 2001 RE Carvalho TS, 2012, BRAZ ORAL RES, V26, P557, DOI 10.1590/S1806-83242012000600012 Jaber MA, 2011, J APPL ORAL SCI, V19, P212, DOI 10.1590/S1678-77572011000300006 Jokela J, 2003, ACTA ODONTOL SCAND, V61, P110, DOI 10.1080/00016350310002450 Kogan MD, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V122, pE1149, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-1057 Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, 2008, PEDIATR DENT, V30, P54 Kuhaneck Heather Miller, 2012, Spec Care Dentist, V32, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00283.x Lai BE, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1294, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1362-2 Locker D, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT, V64, P63, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02729.x Loo CY, 2008, J AM DENT ASSOC, V139, P1518 Marshall J, 2007, PEDIATR DENT, V29, P369 Morinushi Takanobu, 2001, J CLIN PEDIATR DENT, V25, P323 NCBDDD, 2012, CDC DAT STAT AUT SPE Nelson LP, 2011, PEDIATR DENT, V33, P29 Orellana LM, 2012, MED ORAL PATOL ORAL, V17, pE415, DOI 10.4317/medoral.17573 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), 2005, PREV MAN DENT DEC PR U.S. National Institutes of Health National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, PRACT OR CAR PEOPL A Wong VCN, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P67, DOI 10.1177/0883073807308702 Woo EKF, 2007, 3 CASER NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MEDCOM LTD PI CHAI WAN PA ROOM 504-5, CHEUNG TAT CENTRE, 18 CHEUNG LEE ST, CHAI WAN, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1013-9923 J9 HONG KONG J PAEDIATR JI Hong Kong J. Paediatr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL8UJ UT WOS:000339414900004 ER PT J AU Yang, WZ Zhao, YJ AF Yang, W. Z. Zhao, Y. J. TI Clinical Report: A Female with Down Syndrome and Autism SO HONG KONG JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Comorbidity; Down syndrome ID DISORDERS AB Objective: The association of autism and Down syndrome (DS) is comparatively uncommon, especially in females. We report a female patient with both DS and autism with detailed clinical information. Methods: The diagnosis of DS based on a particular set of facial characteristics, delayed growth and chromosomal analysis. Autism Behavior Checklist and the DSM-IV criteria of autism were used for the diagnosis of autism. Case presentation: A five-year-old girl was sent to our department due to unusual social development, language delay and restricted behaviour. At 8 months, she was diagnosed to have DS with the karyotype of 47, XX, +21. Autism was diagnosed based on the behaviour and the DSM-IV criteria. On the modified ABC, the score given by her mother was 90, which further supported the diagnosis. Conclusion: With low index of suspicion, autism/autism spectrum disorders can easily be missed in patients with DS. Increase in awareness that the 2 conditions can coexist in the same patient is important to paediatricians. C1 [Yang, W. Z.; Zhao, Y. J.] China Med Univ, Shengjing Hosp, Dept Dev Pediat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, YJ (reprint author), China Med Univ, Shengjing Hosp, Dept Dev Pediat, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [81101019] FX This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81101019). Special thanks to the patient and her guardian for their support and participation. 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Mueller, Ralph-Axel TI Atypical Cross Talk Between Mentalizing and Mirror Neuron Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JAMA PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; RESTING HUMAN BRAIN; STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MIND; IMITATION; CHILDREN; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; DEFICITS AB IMPORTANCE Converging evidence indicates that brain abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involve atypical network connectivity, but it is unclear whether altered connectivity is especially prominent in brain networks that participate in social cognition. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether adolescents with ASD show altered functional connectivity in 2 brain networks putatively impaired in ASD and involved in social processing, theory of mind (ToM) and mirror neuron system (MNS). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging involving 25 adolescents with ASD between the ages of 11 and 18 years and 25 typically developing adolescents matched for age, handedness, and nonverbal IQ. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Statistical parametric maps testing the degree of whole-brain functional connectivity and social functioning measures. RESULTS Relative to typically developing controls, participants with ASD showed a mixed pattern of both over- and underconnectivity in the ToM network, which was associated with greater social impairment. Increased connectivity in the ASD group was detected primarily between the regions of the MNS and ToM, and was correlated with sociocommunicative measures, suggesting that excessive ToM-MNS cross talk might be associated with social impairment. In a secondary analysis comparing a subset of the 15 participants with ASD with the most severe symptomology and a tightly matched subset of 15 typically developing controls, participants with ASD showed exclusive overconnectivity effects in both ToM and MNS networks, which were also associated with greater social dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adolescents with ASD showed atypically increased functional connectivity involving the mentalizing and mirror neuron systems, largely reflecting greater cross talk between the 2. This finding is consistent with emerging evidence of reduced network segregation in ASD and challenges the prevailing theory of general long-distance underconnectivity in ASD. This excess ToM-MNS connectivity may reflect immature or aberrant developmental processes in 2 brain networks involved in understanding of others, a domain of impairment in ASD. Further, robust links with sociocommunicative symptoms of ASD implicate atypically increased ToM-MNS connectivity in social deficits observed in ASD. C1 [Fishman, Irina; Keown, Christopher L.; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Lincoln, Alan J.] Alliant Int Univ, San Diego, CA USA. [Pineda, Jaime A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fishman, I (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, Dept Psychol, 6363 Alvarado Ct,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. EM ifishman@mail.sdsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 MH081023, K01 MH097972]; Autism Science Foundation [12-1001]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs grant [AR093335] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (grants R01 MH081023 to Dr Muller and K01 MH097972 to Dr Fishman) and the Autism Science Foundation (grant 12-1001 to Dr Fishman). Data acquisition in 7 participants was funded by a Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs grant (grant AR093335 to Dr Pineda). 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DEV DISORD, V34, P285, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029551.56735.3a Williams JHG, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V44, P610, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.010 Williams JHG, 2001, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V25, P287, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(01)00014-8 Zuo XN, 2010, NEUROIMAGE, V49, P1432, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.037 NR 72 TC 3 Z9 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-622X EI 2168-6238 J9 JAMA PSYCHIAT JI JAMA Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 751 EP 760 DI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.83 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AL5HU UT WOS:000339165200005 PM 24740586 ER PT J AU Klitzman, R Abbate, KJ Chung, WK Ottman, R Leu, CS Appelbaum, PS AF Klitzman, Robert Abbate, Kristopher J. Chung, Wendy K. Ottman, Ruth Leu, Cheng-Shiun Appelbaum, Paul S. TI Views of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Among Psychiatrists and Neurologists SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; doctor-patient communication; ethics; eugenics; gender selection; obstetrics/gynecology; preimplantation genetic diagnosis; prenatal genetic testing ID ATTITUDES; PHYSICIANS; RATES; CHINA; PGD AB OBJECTIVE: To examine key aspects of neurologists' and psychiatrists' views and approaches regarding prenatal genetic testing (GT) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). STUDY DESIGN: We surveyed attitudes and practices among 163 neurologists and 372 psychiatrists. RESULTS: A total of 24.9% of neurologists and 31.9% of psychiatrists had discussed prenatal GT with patients, but 95.3% did not feel comfortable discussing PGD; only 2.9% discussed it, and only 1.8% had patients ask about PGD. Most would refer for PGD for Huntington's disease and Tay-Sachs disease, fewer for cystic fibrosis, and fewer still for autism, Alzheimer's disease, or gender selection for family balancing; in each of these cases, psychiatrists' percentages were higher than those of neurologists. Providers who would refer for PGD for Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, or gender selection differed from others in proportions of patients with insurance and were more likely to have undergone a GT themselves and be concerned about discrimination. CONCLUSION: These data, the first to examine how neurologists and psychiatrists view PGD, suggest that they do not feel comfortable discussing PGD but have strong views about its use. Potential PGD use is associated with concerns about discrimination and less experience with GT. These data highlight the need for enhancing education about these technologies among various providers. C1 Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Klitzman, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Clin Psychiat, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 15, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rlk2@columbia.edu RI Ottman, Ruth/O-2371-2013 FU National Human Genome Research Institute [1P20HG005535-01, 1P50HG007257-01] FX This work was supported by National Human Genome Research Institute grants #1P20HG005535-01 and #1P50HG007257-01 (Paul Appelbaum, Principal Investigator). 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Reprod. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 59 IS 7-8 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AL8UG UT WOS:000339414600008 PM 25098029 ER PT J AU Wolff, ER Madlon-Kay, DJ AF Wolff, Emily R. Madlon-Kay, Diane J. TI Childhood Vaccine Beliefs Reported by Somali and Non-Somali Parents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Measles; Somalia; Vaccination; Immunization ID MEASLES AB Background: In 2011, an outbreak of measles in Minnesota was traced back to an unvaccinated Somali child. The purpose of this project was to (1) ascertain whether Somali parents are more likely than non-Somalis to refuse childhood vaccinations, particularly the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and (2) determine what factors influence the decision not to vaccinate. Methods: We explored parental perceptions and utilization of vaccines through a survey distributed to a convenience sample of Somali and non-Somali parents of children <= 5 years old in a family medicine clinic in Minneapolis, MN. Results: A total of 99 surveys were completed, 28% (n = 27) by Somali parents. Somali parents were more likely than non-Somali parents to have refused the MMR vaccine for their child (odds ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-18.0). Most of them refused vaccines because they had heard of adverse effects associated with the vaccine or personally knew someone who suffered an adverse effect. Somali parents were significantly more likely to believe that autism is caused by vaccines (35% vs. 8% of non-Somali parents). Somalis were also more likely to be uncomfortable with administering multiple vaccines at one visit (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.9) and more likely to believe that children receive too many vaccines. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences in perceptions and use of vaccines were reported by Somali and non-Somali participants. Somali parents are more likely to believe that the MMR vaccine causes autism and more likely to refuse the MMR vaccine than non-Somali parents. These beliefs have contributed to an immunization gap between Somali and non-Somali children. C1 [Madlon-Kay, Diane J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wolff, ER (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Med Sch Twin Cities, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM smit6761@umn.edu FU David Mercy Summer Externship Program of the Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Foundation; Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians; American Academy of Family Physicians FX Funding: The study was funded by the David Mercy Summer Externship Program of the Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Foundation, The Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. CR Lynfield R., 2011, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V60, P421 McLean Huong, 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V61, P253 Hewitt A, 2013, MINNEAPOLIS SOMALI A Kennedy A, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V127, pS92, DOI 10.1542/peds.2010-1722N Kulane A, 2007, SOMALI PARENTS ACCEP Minnesota Department of Health, AUT SOM COMM REP STU Poland GA, 2011, MAYO CLIN PROC, V86, P869, DOI 10.4065/mcp.2011.0467 Rubin R, 2011, WHATS LATEST MEASLES Sabella C, 2010, CLEV CLIN J MED, V77, P207, DOI 10.3949/ccjm.77a.09123 Tomlinson N, 2013, DIVERS EQUAL HLTH CA, V10, P101 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 EI 1558-7118 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2014.04.130275 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AL5IS UT WOS:000339167800009 PM 25002000 ER PT J AU Varella, AAB de Souza, DG AF Varella, Andre A. B. de Souza, Deisy G. TI EMERGENCE OF AUDITORY-VISUAL RELATIONS FROM A VISUAL-VISUAL BASELINE WITH AUDITORY-SPECIFIC CONSEQUENCES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE equivalence relations; outcome specific reinforcement; conditional discrimination; auditory-visual discrimination; autism ID MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE; STIMULUS-REINFORCER RELATIONS; EQUIVALENCE-RELATIONS; CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION; DIFFERENTIAL OUTCOMES; TRAINING PROCEDURE; SYMBOLIC BEHAVIOR; CLASS MEMBERSHIP; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Empirical studies have demonstrated that class-specific contingencies may engender stimulus-reinforcer relations. In these studies, crossmodal relations emerged when crossmodal relations comprised the baseline, and intramodal relations emerged when intramodal relations were taught during baseline. This study investigated whether auditory-visual relations (crossmodal) would emerge after participants learned a visual-visual baseline (intramodal) with auditory stimuli presented as specific consequences. Four individuals with autism learned AB and CD relations with class-specific reinforcers. When A1 and C1 were presented as samples, the selections of B1 and D1, respectively, were followed by an edible (R1) and a sound (S1). Selections of B2 and D2 under the control of A2 and C2, respectively, were followed by R2 and S2. Probe trials tested for visual-visual AC, CA, AD, DA, BC, CB, BD, and DB emergent relations and auditory-visual SA, SB, SC, and SD emergent relations. All of the participants demonstrated the emergence of all auditory-visual relations, and three of four participants showed emergence of all visual-visual relations. Thus, the emergence of auditory-visual relations from specific auditory consequences suggests that these relations do not depend on crossmodal baseline training. The procedure has great potential for applied technology to generate auditory-visual discriminations and stimulus classes in the context of behavior-analytic interventions for autism. C1 [Varella, Andre A. B.; de Souza, Deisy G.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Varella, AAB (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Lab Estudos Comportamento Humano, Rodovia Washington Luis,Km 235, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM andreavarella@gmail.com; ddgs@ufscar.br FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2009/011-003]; CNPq [573972/2008-7]; FAPESP [08/57705-8] FX This research was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP; Doctoral scholarship #2009/011-003 to the first author). This report is based on a doctoral dissertation submitted by the first author to the Graduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. The study was part of the research program of Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognicao e Ensino, supported by grants from CNPq (Grant # 573972/2008-7) and FAPESP (Grant # 08/57705-8). CR Barros R. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 102 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1002/jeab.93 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA AL5GU UT WOS:000339162500008 PM 24965883 ER PT J AU Serret, S Hun, S Iakimova, G Lozada, J Anastassova, M Santos, A Vesperini, S Askenazy, F AF Serret, Sylvie Hun, Stephanie Iakimova, Galina Lozada, Jose Anastassova, Margarita Santos, Andreia Vesperini, Stephanie Askenazy, Florence TI Facing the challenge of teaching emotions to individuals with low- and high-functioning autism using a new Serious game: a pilot study SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Serious game; High-functioning Autism; Low-functioning Autism; Social Skills Training; Emotion Recognition; Computer-based Intervention ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; VIRTUAL-REALITY; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; FACES; SKILLS; CHILDHOOD; INTERVENTION; EXPRESSIONS AB Background: It is widely accepted that emotion processing difficulties are involved in Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). An increasing number of studies have focused on the development of training programs and have shown promising results. However, most of these programs are appropriate for individuals with high-functioning ASC (HFA) but exclude individuals with low-functioning ASC (LFA). We have developed a computer-based game called JeStiMulE based on logical skills to teach emotions to individuals with ASC, independently of their age, intellectual, verbal and academic level. The aim of the present study was to verify the usability of JeStiMulE (which is its adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency) on a heterogeneous ASC group. We hypothesized that after JeStiMulE training, a performance improvement would be found in emotion recognition tasks. Methods: A heterogeneous group of thirty-three children and adolescents with ASC received two one-hour JeStiMulE sessions per week over four weeks. In order to verify the usability of JeStiMulE, game data were collected for each participant. Furthermore, all participants were presented before and after training with five emotion recognition tasks, two including pictures of game avatars (faces and gestures) and three including pictures of real-life characters (faces, gestures and social scenes). Results: Descriptive data showed suitable adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency of JeStiMulE. Results revealed a significant main effect of Session on avatars (ANOVA: F (1,32) = 98.48, P < .001) and on pictures of real-life characters (ANOVA: F (1,32) = 49.09, P < .001). A significant Session x Task x Emotion interaction was also found for avatars (ANOVA: F (6,192) = 2.84, P = .01). This triple interaction was close to significance for pictures of real-life characters (ANOVA: F (12,384) = 1.73, P = .057). Post-hoc analyses revealed that 30 out of 35 conditions found a significant increase after training. Conclusions: JeStiMulE appears to be a promising tool to teach emotion recognition not only to individuals with HFA but also those with LFA. JeStiMulE is thus based on ASC-specific skills, offering a model of logical processing of social information to compensate for difficulties with intuitive social processing. C1 [Serret, Sylvie; Hun, Stephanie; Santos, Andreia; Vesperini, Stephanie] Univ Hosp CHU Lenval, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Autism Resources Ctr, Nice, France. [Iakimova, Galina] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Anthropol & Cognit & Social Psychol Res Unit, LAPCOS, EA 7278, F-06189 Nice, France. [Lozada, Jose; Anastassova, Margarita] CEA LIST DIASI, Sensory & Ambient Interfaces Lab, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Askenazy, Florence] Univ Hosp CHU Lenval, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Nice, France. RP Serret, S (reprint author), Univ Hosp CHU Lenval, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Autism Resources Ctr, Nice, France. EM serret.s@pediatrie-chulenval-nice.fr FU Monaco Against Autism (MONAA); ABA Apprendre Autrement; Collectif Handicap 06; CoBteK (Cognitive Behaviour Technology); French Ministry of Industry FX We are grateful to all children, adolescents and their families for their participation in this study. We also thank our partners (Idees3 com, HLP Technologies, Autism Resources Center Nice, Day-care Units for children and adolescents with autism ('La Caravelle', 'Les Coteaux d'Azur' and 'Les Noisetiers') for their participation in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their families. The consent form is held by the corresponding author and is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief. We also acknowledge the following associations for their support: Monaco Against Autism (MONAA), ABA Apprendre Autrement, Collectif Handicap 06. We acknowledge the support provided by CoBteK (Cognitive Behaviour Technology). 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Autism PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 37 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-37 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL4AQ UT WOS:000339075500001 PM 25018866 ER PT J AU Becerra, TA von Ehrenstein, OS Heck, JE Olsen, J Arah, OA Jeste, SS Rodriguez, M Ritz, B AF Becerra, Tracy A. von Ehrenstein, Ondine S. Heck, Julia E. Olsen, Jorn Arah, Onyebuchi A. Jeste, Shafali S. Rodriguez, Michael Ritz, Beate TI Autism Spectrum Disorders and Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity: A Population-Based Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; emigration and immigration; epidemiology; continental population groups ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; NON-HISPANIC WHITE; COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; VITAMIN-D; REPRODUCTIVE AGE AB OBJECTIVE: Our understanding of the influence of maternal race/ethnicity and nativity and childhood autistic disorder (AD) in African Americans/blacks, Asians, and Hispanics in the United States is limited. Phenotypic differences in the presentation of childhood AD in minority groups may indicate etiologic heterogeneity or different thresholds for diagnosis. We investigated whether the risk of developing AD and AD phenotypes differed according to maternal race/ethnicity and nativity. METHODS: Children born in Los Angeles County with a primary AD diagnosis at ages 3 to 5 years during 1998-2009 were identified and linked to 1995-2006 California birth certificates (7540 children with AD from a cohort of 1 626 354 births). We identified a subgroup of children with AD and a secondary diagnosis of mental retardation and investigated heterogeneity in language and behavior. RESULTS: We found increased risks of being diagnosed with AD overall and specifically with comorbid mental retardation in children of foreign-born mothers who were black, Central/South American, Filipino, and Vietnamese, as well as among US-born Hispanic and African American/black mothers, compared with US-born whites. Children of US African American/black and foreign-born black, foreign-born Central/South American, and US-born Hispanic mothers were at higher risk of exhibiting an AD phenotype with both severe emotional outbursts and impaired expressive language than children of US-born whites. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal race/ethnicity and nativity are associated with offspring's AD diagnosis and severity. Future studies need to examine factors related to nativity and migration that may play a role in the etiology as well as identification and diagnosis of AD in children. C1 [Becerra, Tracy A.; Heck, Julia E.; Olsen, Jorn; Arah, Onyebuchi A.; Ritz, Beate] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [von Ehrenstein, Ondine S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Jeste, Shafali S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Rodriguez, Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Family Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ritz, B (reprint author), Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 951772,650 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM britz@ucla.edu RI Heck, Julia/B-5230-2009; Ritz, Beate/E-3043-2015 FU University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Graduate Division; California Center for Population Research, UCLA - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R24HD041022]; NIEHS of the National Institutes of Health [R21ES022389]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX FUNDING: This research was sponsored by the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Graduate Division, the California Center for Population Research, UCLA, supported by infrastructure grant R24HD041022 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and by NIEHS of the National Institutes of Health under award number R21ES022389. Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 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Landa, Rebecca Lord, Catherine Orlich, Felice King, Bryan Wetherby, Amy Senturk, Damla TI Caregiver-Mediated Intervention for Low-Resourced Preschoolers With Autism: An RCT SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; early intervention; parent-child interactions; joint attention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; JOINT ATTENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; PLAY; TODDLERS; ENGAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; MODEL AB OBJECTIVES: To compare 2 short-term, community caregiver training interventions for preschool-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder who had low resources. Low resource was defined by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development low-income index or 1 "indicator," (eg, Medicaid eligibility). Child outcomes focused on joint engagement, joint attention, and play. METHODS: Participants included 112 families of a child who had Autism Spectrum Disorder who met criteria for being low-resourced and who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 3-month interventions, group caregiver education or individualized caregiver-mediated intervention (CMM). Children were assessed for social communication skills pre- and post-treatment, and followed up at 3 months. RESULTS: All children improved in joint engagement and initiating joint attention, with significantly greater improvement by the CMM group. Outcomes on play skills were mixed, with improvement of symbolic play for the CMM group and no change in functional play skills. Joint engagement maintained over time for the CMM group, and initiating joint attention maintained for both groups over time. CONCLUSIONS: This study is among the first randomized trials comparing 2 active interventions with a large sample of low-resourced families. Results suggest improvements in core autism deficits of joint engagement, joint attention, and symbolic play with relatively brief, caregiver-mediated interventions, but additional support is necessary to maintain and generalize these gains over time. C1 [Kasari, Connie; Shih, Wendy; Senturk, Damla] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Kasari, Connie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lawton, Kathy] Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lawton, Kathy] Ohio State Univ, Dept Special Educ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barker, Tyson V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Human Dev & Quantitat Methodol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Landa, Rebecca] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lord, Catherine] Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Orlich, Felice; King, Bryan] Childrens Hosp Seattle, Seattle, WA USA. [Wetherby, Amy] Florida State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kasari, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst 68 268, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM ckasari@mednet.ucla.edu FU Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Combating Autism Act Initiative), Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services [UA3 MC 11055 AIR-B] FX All phases of this study were supported by grant UA3 MC 11055 AIR-B from the Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Combating Autism Act Initiative), Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. 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Paller, Amy S. TI Eruptive Xanthomas Masquerading as Molluscum Contagiosum SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE behavior eating; BMI; dermatology; autism ID HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA SECONDARY; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INSULIN AB Eruptive xanthomas are cutaneous manifestations of hyperlipidemias in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin. They classically present as crops of 1-to 4-mm yellow-orange papules and are often associated with extreme hypertriglyceridemia. We describe a 12-year-old boy with autism who was thought to have widespread molluscum contagiosum for a year before dermatologic consultation was obtained. Recognition of eruptive xanthomas led to the discovery of massive hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglycerides 6853 mg/dL) and diabetes mellitus. Through medical intervention, including insulin and fenofibrate therapy, and dietary modification with weight loss, the xanthomas cleared during the subsequent months, and his serum triglyceride levels nearly normalized. C1 [Sorrell, Jennifer; Salvaggio, Heather; Guo, Lulu; Paller, Amy S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Sorrell, Jennifer; Salvaggio, Heather; Guo, Lulu; Paller, Amy S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Garg, Abhimanyu] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Internal Med, Div Nutr & Metab Dis, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Duck, Stephen C.] Univ Chicago, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Paller, AS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, 676 North St Clair St,Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. 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TI Self-Assessed Health in Caregivers of Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations With Depressive Symptoms, Positive Cognitions, Resourcefulness, and Well-Being SO PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE LA English DT Article DE Depressive symptoms; positive cognitions; resourcefulness; self-assessed health ID RELOCATION ADJUSTMENT; STRESS PROLIFERATION; PARENTING STRESS; CHILDREN; MOTHERS; ADOLESCENTS; ASD; TODDLERS; OPTIMISM; ELDERS AB PURPOSE: Caregiving for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can affect family caregivers' self-assessed health. The purpose of this study was to determine whether depressive symptoms, positive cognitions, resourcefulness, and well-being will differ significantly among those who rated their health as fair, good, or excellent. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of 109 ASD caregivers who were recruited from the Interactive ASD Network. FINDINGS: Depression was significantly lower among those who rated their health as excellent than among those who rated their health as fair. Positive cognitions, resourcefulness, and well-being were significantly higher among those who rated their health as excellent than among those who rated their health as fair. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Interventions to enhance caregivers' positive cognitions, resourcefulness, and well-being are recommended. C1 Marquette Univ, Coll Nursing, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Bekhet, AK (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Coll Nursing, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. EM abir.bekhet@marquette.edu FU Way Klinger Young Scholar Award FX The parent study is funded by the Way Klinger Young Scholar Award awarded to Dr. Abir Bekhet. The author acknowledges the editorial assistance of Elizabeth M. Tornquist (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). CR Aikens J. 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Care PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1111/ppc.12046 PG 8 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA AL6WT UT WOS:000339274900009 PM 24206628 ER PT J AU Horiuchi, F Oka, Y Uno, H Kawabe, K Okada, F Saito, I Tanigawa, T Ueno, S AF Horiuchi, Fumie Oka, Yasunori Uno, Hiroyuki Kawabe, Kentaro Okada, Fumi Saito, Isao Tanigawa, Takeshi Ueno, Shu-ichi TI Age- and sex-related emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders: Comparison with control children SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; emotional and behavioral problems; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; MENTAL-HEALTH; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; STRENGTHS; BRITAIN; RATES; RISK; SDQ AB Aim: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often present with emotional and behavioral problems, which could change the clinical course, especially during childhood, and affect future quality of life. The aim of this study was to clarify the age- and sex-related differences of these problems in ASD. Methods: The study subjects were 173 patients with ASD (age: 4-16 years) and 173 age-and sex-matched community children (control group). The parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used for comparison of the emotional and behavioral problems between the two groups. Results: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores were significantly higher in children with ASD than controls at all ages. The score of total difficulties was significantly higher in girls with ASD than in boys, while the score in male controls was significantly higher than in female controls. Age-related differences in emotional and behavioral problems were observed both in children with ASD and controls, but the characteristics were different: in children with ASD, emotional symptoms and peer problems in both sexes and conduct problems in girls increased significantly with age, while none of the problems in the controls changed with age except for a decrease in the score of hyperactivity/inattention developmentally in both sexes. Prosocial behaviors of children with ASD and controls showed small changes with age. Conclusion: Emotional and behavioral problems are common in children with ASD and showed age-and sex-related differences. Our study emphasizes the importance of recognizing those differences among children with ASD for early intervention. C1 [Horiuchi, Fumie; Kawabe, Kentaro; Okada, Fumi; Ueno, Shu-ichi] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat & Neurosci, Toon, Japan. [Saito, Isao; Tanigawa, Takeshi] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. [Saito, Isao] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Basic Nursing & Hlth Sci, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. [Oka, Yasunori] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Ctr Sleep Med, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. [Uno, Hiroyuki] Hyogo Univ Teachers Educ, Dept Educ Disabled Children, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Okada, Fumi] Nagoya Univ, Ctr Dev Clin Psychol & Psychiat, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Horiuchi, F (reprint author), Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat & Neurosci, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. EM matsufu@m.ehime-u.ac.jp CR Allen CW, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1272, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0279-7 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 2007, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V9, P12 Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES de Bruin EI, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P877, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0215-x Emerson E, 2007, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V191, P493, DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.038729 Estes AM, 2007, AM J MENT RETARD, V112, P439, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[439:LOIFPP]2.0.CO;2 Filipek PA, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P439, DOI 10.1023/A:1021943802493 Goodman A, 2011, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V52, P100, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02278.x Goodman R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P581, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x Hartley SL, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1715, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0810-8 Hartley SL, 2008, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V52, P819, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01065.x Holtmann M, 2007, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V49, P361 Howlin P, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P212, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x Hsiao MN, 2013, RES DEV DISABIL, V34, P254, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.001 Lecavalier L, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P172, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x Matsuishi T, 2008, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V30, P410, DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.12.003 Mattila ML, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P1080, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-0958-2 Mazzone L, 2012, ANN GEN PSYCHIATR, V11, P13 Oka Y, 2011, CHIRYO, V93, P198 Robins DL, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1010738829569 Skokauskas N, 2012, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V56, P248, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01423.x Steinhausen HC, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P214, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0400-4 Sturm H, 2004, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V46, P444, DOI 10.1017/S0012162204000738 youthinmind, 1997, SDQ INF RES PROF STR NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1323-1316 EI 1440-1819 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 68 IS 7 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1111/pcn.12164 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AL4PB UT WOS:000339113800007 PM 24447342 ER PT J AU Jain, A Spencer, D Yang, WY Kelly, JP Newschaffer, CJ Johnson, J Marshall, J Azocar, F Tabb, LP Dennen, T AF Jain, Anjali Spencer, Donna Yang, Wenya Kelly, Jonathan P. Newschaffer, Craig J. Johnson, Jonathan Marshall, Jaclyn Azocar, Francisca Tabb, Loni Philip Dennen, Taylor TI Injuries Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE administrative claims; autism spectrum disorder; child injury; commercial insurance ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; UNINTENTIONAL INJURY; UNITED-STATES; US CHILDREN; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVALS; RATES; AGE AB OBJECTIVE: We compared risk of injury among children with autism spectrum. disorder (ASD) to those without ASD, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: We used claims data from 2001 to 2009 from a commercial health plan in the United States. A validated ASD case identification algorithm identified 33,565 children (ages 0-20 years) with ASD and 138,876 children without. Counting process models tested the association between ASD status and injury episodes with separate regressions run for children during different age periods. RESULTS: Unadjusted results demonstrated that children with ASD had a 12% greater injury risk than children without ASD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.119; P < .001). After including demographic variables, the HR was 1.03 (P < .05); after controlling for co-occurring conditions, such as seizures, depression, etc, HR decreased to 0.889 (P < .001). For the age period analysis, HR values were as follows: for 0 to 2 years, HR 1.141; 3 to 5 years, HR 1.282; 6 to 10 years, HR not significant; and 11 to 20 years, HR 0.634 (P < .05 for all significant results). CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD have more injuries than children without ASD. After controlling for demographic factors and co-occurring conditions, children with ASD are at lower risk of injury, suggesting that co-occurring conditions or the ways these conditions interact with ASD is related to injuries. Clinicians should understand that injury risk in children with ASD may be driven by co-occurring conditions. Treating these conditions could thus decrease injury risk as well as have other benefits. Injury prevention interventions are especially warranted for younger children with ASD and those with seizures, depression, visual impairment, or attention-deficit disorders. C1 [Jain, Anjali; Yang, Wenya; Kelly, Jonathan P.; Marshall, Jaclyn; Dennen, Taylor] Lewin Grp, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Spencer, Donna; Johnson, Jonathan] OptumInsight Life Sci, Eden Prairie, MN USA. [Newschaffer, Craig J.; Tabb, Loni Philip] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Azocar, Francisca] OptumHlth Behav Solut, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), Lewin Grp, 3130 Fairview Pk Dr,Suite 500, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM anjali.jain@lewin.com FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN-271-2010-00033-C] FX This project was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract HHSN-271-2010-00033-C. The authors acknowledge the following for their contributions: Brady Post and Corey Lipow of the Lewin Group; James Burke, Jeffrey McPheeters, Thomas Horstman, and Felix Cao of OptumInsight; and Lindsey Lawer of Drexel University. CR Agran PF, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, part. no., DOI 10.1542/peds.108.3.e45 Agran PF, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V111, pE683, DOI 10.1542/peds.111.6.e683 Anderson C, 2012, PEDIATRICS, V130, P870, DOI 10.1542/peds.2012-0762 Brenner RA, 2013, INT J INJ CONTROL SA, V20, P259, DOI 10.1080/17457300.2012.696662 Burke JP, 2014, AUTISM, V18, P321, DOI 10.1177/1362361312467709 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PROT ON YOU LOV CHIL Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PATT UN INJ 0 19 YEA Gilchrist Julie, 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V61, P270 Duerden EG, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P2460, DOI 10.1007/s10803-012-1497-9 Guo Z, 2008, METHOD INFORM MED, V47, P107, DOI 10.3414/ME0478 Huang P, 2012, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V33, P70, DOI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31823a43b7 Lee LC, 2008, RES DEV DISABIL, V29, P247, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.05.002 LELAND NL, 1994, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V15, P402 McDermott S, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P626, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0426-9 Patrick AR, 2010, PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S, V19, P1263, DOI 10.1002/pds.2037 Rowe R, 2004, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V29, P119, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsh015 Sherrard J, 2001, Inj Prev, V7, P56, DOI 10.1136/ip.7.1.56 Sinclair SA, 2008, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V98, P1510, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.097097 Slayter EM, 2006, MENT RETARD, V44, P212, DOI 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[212:IPACAA]2.0.CO;2 Stroupe KT, 2001, J POLICY ANAL MANAG, V20, P525, DOI 10.1002/pam.1006 Xiang HY, 2005, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V95, P1970, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.057505 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1876-2859 EI 1876-2867 J9 ACAD PEDIATR JI Acad. Pediatr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 390 EP 397 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL0OC UT WOS:000338825200012 PM 24976351 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, KE Lindly, OJ Bethell, CD Kuhlthau, K AF Zuckerman, Katharine E. Lindly, Olivia J. Bethell, Christina D. Kuhlthau, Karen TI Family Impacts Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Health Care Quality SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; children with special health care needs; delivery of health care; integrated; disabled children; family burden; family health; financial burden; quality of health care ID FINANCIAL BURDEN; NATIONAL-SURVEY; AGED CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL HOME; NEEDS; EMPLOYMENT; INSURANCE; SERVICES; DISABILITIES AB OBJECTIVE: To compare health care quality and family employment and financial impacts among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with autism spectrum disorder (CSHCN + ASD), CSHCN with functional limitations (CSHCN + FL), and CSHCN lacking these conditions (other CSHCN); to test whether high health care quality was associated with reduced family impacts among CSHCN + ASD. METHODS: Data from the 2009-2010 National Survey of CSHCN were used to compare 3025 CSHCN + ASD, 6505 CSHCN + FL, and 28,296 other CSHCN. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses examined 6 age-relevant, federally defined health care quality indicators and 5 family financial and employment impact indicators. Two composite measures were additionally used: I) receipt of care that met all age-relevant quality indicators; and 2) had of the 5 adverse family impacts. RESULTS: Across all health care quality indicators, CSHCN + ASD fared poorly, with only 7.4% meeting all age-relevant indicators. CSHCN + ASD had worse health care quality than other CSHCN, including CSHCN + FL. CSHCN + ASD also had high rates of adverse family impact, with over half experiencing adverse impacts. Rates of adverse family impact were higher in CSHCN + ASD than other CSHCN, including CSHCN + FL. Among CSHCN + ASD, those whose health care that met federal quality standards were less likely to have multiple adverse family impacts than CSHCN + ASD whose health care did not meet federal quality standards. CONCLUSIONS: CSHCN + ASD are more prone to experience poor health care quality and family impacts than other CSHCN, even CSHCN + FL. Receipt of care meeting federal quality standards may potentially lessen adverse family impacts for CSHCN + ASD. C1 [Zuckerman, Katharine E.; Lindly, Olivia J.; Bethell, Christina D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Zuckerman, Katharine E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Gen Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Lindly, Olivia J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Res & Policy, Boston, MA USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zuckerman, KE (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Mail Code CDRC P 707 SW Gaines Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM zuckerma@ohsu.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health Mentored Career Development Award [K23MH095828]; Nancy Lurie Marks Foundation; US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau [1-U59-MC06980-01] FX Supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Mentored Career Development Award K23MH095828 (Dr Zuckerman), the Nancy Lurie Marks Foundation (Dr Kuhlthau), and Cooperative Agreement 1-U59-MC06980-01 from the US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Dr Bethell). The authors thank Julie Robertson, MPH, MSW, for assistance with data analysis. 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Pediatr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 398 EP 407 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL0OC UT WOS:000338825200013 PM 24976352 ER PT J AU Broder-Fingert, S Brazauskas, K Lindgren, K Iannuzzi, D Van Cleave, J AF Broder-Fingert, Sarabeth Brazauskas, Karissa Lindgren, Kristen Iannuzzi, Dorothea Van Cleave, Jeanne TI Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in a Large Clinical Sample of Children With Autism SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; obesity; overweight ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-GAIN; HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; DISABILITIES; MEDICATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are major pediatric public health problems in the United States; however, limited data exist on the prevalence and correlates of overnutrition in children with autism. METHODS: Through a large integrated health care system's patient database, we identified 6672 children ages 2 to 20 years with an assigned ICD-9 code of autism (299.0), Asperger syndrome (299.8), and control subjects from 2008 to 2011 who had at least 1 weight and height recorded in the same visit. We calculated age-adjusted, sex-adjusted body mass index and classified children as overweight (body mass index 85th to 95th percentile) or obese (>= 95th percentile). We used multinomial logistic regression to compare the odds of overweight and obesity between groups. We then used logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with overweight and obesity in children with autism, including demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Compared to control subjects, children with autism and Asperger syndrome had significantly higher odds of over-weight (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: autism 2.24, 1.74-2.88; Asperger syndrome 1.49, 1.12-1.97) and obesity (autism 4.83, 3.85-6.06; Asperger syndrome 5.69, 4.50-7.21). Among children with autism, we found a higher odds of obesity in older children (aged 12-15 years 1.87, 1.33-2.63; aged 16-20 years 1.94, 1.39-2.71) compared to children aged 6 to 11 years. We also found higher odds of overweight and obesity in those with public insurance (overweight 1.54, 1.25-1.89; obese 1.16, 1.02-1.40) and with co-occurring sleep disorder (obese 1.23, 1.00-1.53). CONCLUSIONS: Children with autism and Asperger syndrome had significantly higher odds of overweight and obesity than control subjects. Older age, public insurance, and co-occurring sleep disorder were associated with overweight or obesity in this population. 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Pediatr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL0OC UT WOS:000338825200014 PM 24976353 ER PT J AU Gentile, I Zappulo, E Bonavolta, R Maresca, R Messana, T Buonomo, AR Portella, G Sorrentino, R Settimi, A Pascotto, A Borgia, G Bravaccio, C AF Gentile, Ivan Zappulo, Emanuela Bonavolta, Raffaele Maresca, Roberta Messana, Tullio Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo Portella, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Rosanna Settimi, Alessandro Pascotto, Antonio Borgia, Guglielmo Bravaccio, Carmela TI Prevalence and Titre of Antibodies to Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO IN VIVO LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; CMV; EBV; antibody titre ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MATERNAL INFECTION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FETAL-BRAIN; VITAMIN-D; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; RUBELLA; ACTIVATION AB Background/Aim: The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is currently unknown. Few studies have explored the role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) as potential etiological factors of ASD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seropositivity rate and antibody titre to CMV and EBV in children with ASD compared to same-aged healthy controls. Patients and Methods: We compared the seropositivity rate and titre of antibodies to CMV and EBV in 54 children with ASD (19 with autistic disorder and 35 with non-autistic disorder ASD) and in 46 controls. Results: Seropositivity rate and titre of the two antibodies were not dissimilar between cases and controls. However, considering only patients with ASD, those seropositive for CMV tended to test worse to the major severity scales than the seronegative ones. Conclusion: Titre and seropositivity rate of antibodies to CMV and EBV are similar between children with ASD and healthy controls. C1 [Gentile, Ivan; Zappulo, Emanuela; Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo; Borgia, Guglielmo] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Infect Dis Sect, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Bonavolta, Raffaele; Portella, Giuseppe; Sorrentino, Rosanna; Settimi, Alessandro; Bravaccio, Carmela] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Med Translat Sci, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Maresca, Roberta; Messana, Tullio; Pascotto, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Naples, Italy. RP Gentile, I (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Infect Dis Sect, Via S Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy. 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Results from a Case-control Study SO IN VIVO LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; etiopathogenesis; prevalence; titre; VZV ID CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; MATERNAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION; VITAMIN-D; RISK-FACTORS; FETAL-BRAIN; ASSOCIATION; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; SYMPTOMS AB Background/Aim: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of central nervous system disorders lacking a definite etiology. The aim of the present study was to compare the exposure rate and titer of antibodies to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) in children with ASD and in healthy controls. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 54 children with ASD and 46 control individuals. Results: The exposure rate and titer of anti-VZV antibodies were significantly higher in children with ASD compared to controls (59% vs. 39% and 694 mIU/ml vs. 94 mIU/ml, respectively). Conclusion: In the present case-control study, exposure to VZV was found to be independently associated with ASD. C1 [Gentile, Ivan; Zappulo, Emanuela; Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo; Borgia, Guglielmo] Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Bonavolta, Raffaele; Portella, Giuseppe; Settimi, Alessandro; Bravaccio, Carmela] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Med Translat Sci, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Maresca, Roberta; Riccio, Maria Pia; Pascotto, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Naples, Italy. RP Gentile, I (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Via S Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy. 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etiopathogenesis; HSV1; HSV2 ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; CHILDREN; BRAIN; ASSOCIATION; DEFICITS; GENES; ONSET AB Background/Aim: The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unknown, even though it is hypothesized that a viral infection could trigger this disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seropositivity rate and antibody level of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) and Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2) in children with ASD compared to same-aged healthy controls. Patients and Methods: We compared seropositivity rate and levels of antibodies to HSV1/2 in 54 children with ASD (19 with autistic disorder and 35 with non-autistic ASD) and in 46 controls. Results: Seropositivity rate and levels of anti-HSV1/2 were not dissimilar between cases and controls. Exposure to HSV2 was minimal. Conclusion: Rate of contact with HSV1 and HSV2 assessed by the mean of detection of specific antibodies was similar between children with ASD and healthy controls. C1 [Gentile, Ivan; Zappulo, Emanuela; Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo; Borgia, Guglielmo] Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Bonavolta, Raffaele; Portella, Giuseppe; Vallefuoco, Luca; Settimi, Alessandro; Bravaccio, Carmela] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Med Translat Sci, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Maresca, Roberta; Riccio, Maria Pia; Pascotto, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Naples, Italy. RP Gentile, I (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Via S Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy. 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Simpson, Andrew Skarratt, Paul A. Cole, Geoff G. TI Is social inhibition of return due to action co-representation? SO ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Social IOR; Joint action; Social attention; Biological motion; Objects; Co-representation ID OBJECT-CENTERED INHIBITION; INFLUENCE FREDS ACTION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; POINTING MOVEMENTS; OTHERS ACTIONS; REACTION-TIME; MOTOR; AUTISM; GAZE AB When two individuals alternate reaching responses to visual targets presented on a shared workspace, one individual is slower to respond to targets occupying the same position as their partner's previous response. This phenomenon is thought to be due to processes that inhibit the initiation of a movement to a location recently acted upon. However, two distinct forms of the inhibition account have been posited, one based on inhibition of an action, the other based on inhibition of an action and location. Furthermore, an additional recent explanation suggests the phenomenon is due to mechanisms that give rise to action congruency effects. Thus the three different theories differ in the degree to which action co-representation plays a role in the effect. The aim of the present work was to examine these competing accounts. Three experiments demonstrated that when identical actions are made, the effect is modulated by the configuration of the visual stimuli acted upon and the perceptual demands of the task. In addition, when the co-actors perform different actions to the same target, the effect is still observed. These findings support the hypothesis that this particular joint action phenomenon is generated via social cues that induce location-based inhibition of return rather than being due to shared motor co-representations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Atkinson, Mark A.; Simpson, Andrew; Cole, Geoff G.] Univ Essex, Ctr Brain Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 150 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.04.003 PG 9 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AL0IU UT WOS:000338811400011 PM 24859672 ER PT J AU Zhao, S Uono, S Yoshimura, S Toichi, M AF Zhao, Shuo Uono, Shota Yoshimura, Sayaka Toichi, Motomi TI Attention orienting by eye gaze and arrows reveals flexibility to environmental changes SO ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Orienting attention; Gaze; Arrow; Environmental changes ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; CUES; CHILDREN; SPECTRUM; PERCEPTION; DIRECTION; MOVEMENT; CONTEXT; SOUND AB This study aimed to evaluate the difference in non-predictive cues between gaze and arrows in attention orienting. Attention orienting was investigated with gaze or arrows as separate cues in a simple condition (i.e., block design) in Experiment 1 and in an unpredictable condition (i.e., randomized design) in Experiment 2. Two kinds of sound (voice and tone) stimuli were used as targets. Results showed that gaze and arrow cues induced enhanced attention orienting to a voice versus tone target in the block condition. However, in the randomized condition, enhanced attention orienting to a voice versus tone target was found in gaze but not arrow cues. The congruency of the meaning between a social cue (i.e., gaze) and a social target (i.e., voice) was clear in the randomized but not blocked design, because social gaze and non-social arrow cues were implemented in the same block. Thus, attention orienting might be mediated by the associated relationship of cue-target in a randomized condition, as an enhanced orienting effect was found when the associated relationship of cue-target was strong (i.e., social cue and target). The present study suggests that the difference in attention orienting between gaze and arrows is apparent in a randomized design (the unpredictable condition), and people employ a flexibly strategy of orienting to better respond to environmental changes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Shuo; Uono, Shota; Toichi, Motomi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Yoshimura, Sayaka] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Zhao, Shuo; Toichi, Motomi] Org Promoting Dev Disorder Res, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. RP Zhao, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Sakyo Ku, 53 Shogoin Kawahara Cho, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. 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Imitation of facial movements and of non-meaningful hand, finger, hand finger gestures not related to social context or tool use is also impaired in ASD subjects, but in contrast to motor performance this deficit overall improves with age. A general imitation factor, extracted from the highly inter-correlated imitation tests, is differentially correlated with components of neuromotor performance in ASD and TD participants. By developmentally fractionating developmentally stable motor deficits from developmentally dynamic imitation deficits, we infer that imitation deficits are primarily cognitive in nature. C1 [Biscaldi, Monica; Rauh, Reinhold; Irion, Lisa; Fleischhaker, Christian; Klein, Christoph] Univ Freiburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Jung, Nikolai H.; Mall, Volker] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Paediat, D-80290 Munich, Germany. [Klein, Christoph] Bangor Univ, Sch Psychol, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 7 BP 599 EP 610 DI 10.1007/s00787-013-0475-x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AK9QG UT WOS:000338761100010 PM 24085467 ER PT J AU Saunders, C Siuta, M Robertson, SD Davis, AR Sauer, J Matthies, HJG Gresch, PJ Airey, DC Lindsley, CW Schetz, JA Niswender, KD Veenstra-Vanderweele, JM Galli, A AF Saunders, Christine Siuta, Michael Robertson, Sabrina D. Davis, Adeola R. Sauer, Jennifer Matthies, Heinrich J. G. Gresch, Paul J. Airey, David C. Lindsley, Craig W. Schetz, John A. Niswender, Kevin D. Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy M. Galli, Aurelio TI Neuronal ablation of p-Akt at Ser473 leads to altered 5-HT1A/2A receptor function SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Serotonin; Akt; Cortex; 5HT(1A) receptor; 5HT(2A) receptor ID SEROTONIN 2A RECEPTOR; NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER TRAFFICKING; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; HEAD-TWITCH RESPONSE; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; IN-VIVO; RAT-BRAIN; BINDING; 5-HT2A; MICE AB The serotonergic system regulates a wide range of behavior, including mood and impulsivity, and its dysregulation has been associated with mood disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and addiction. Diabetes is a risk factor for these conditions. Insulin resistance in the brain is specifically associated with susceptibility to psychostimulant abuse. Here, we examined whether phosphorylation of Akt, a key regulator of the insulin signaling pathway, controls serotonin (5-HT) signaling. To explore how impairment in Akt function regulates 5-HT homeostasis, we used a brain-specific rictor knockout (KO) mouse model of impaired neuronal phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473. Cortical 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor binding was significantly elevated in rictor KO mice. Concomitant with this elevated receptor expression, the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) led to an increased hypothermic response in rictor KO mice. The increased cortical 5-HT1A receptor density was associated with higher 5-HT1A receptor levels on the cortical cell surface. In contrast, rictor KO mice displayed significantly reduced head-twitch response (HTR) to the 5-HT2A/C agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodamphetamine (DOI), with evidence of impaired 5-HT2A/C receptor signaling. In vitro, pharmacological inhibition of Akt significantly increased 5-HT1A receptor expression and attenuated DOI-induced 5-HT2A receptor signaling, thereby lending credence to the observed in vivo cross-talk between neuronal Akt signaling and 5-HT receptor regulation. These data reveal that defective central Akt function alters 5-HT signaling as well as 5-HT-associated behaviors, demonstrating a novel role for Akt in maintaining neuronal 5-HT receptor function. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saunders, Christine; Gresch, Paul J.; Airey, David C.; Lindsley, Craig W.; Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Siuta, Michael; Robertson, Sabrina D.; Davis, Adeola R.; Matthies, Heinrich J. G.; Galli, Aurelio] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Sauer, Jennifer; Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Niswender, Kevin D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Galli, Aurelio] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Program Subst Abuse, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Schetz, John A.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Neurosci, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Veenstra-Vanderweele, JM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 465 21st Ave South,MRB3,Room 7158C, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM j.vvw@vanderbilt.edu; aurelio.-galli@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P50 MH078028, MH063162, MH081066, DK085712] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P50 MH078028-Pilot Project (C.S.), MH063162 (J.A.S.), MH081066 (J.V.), and DK085712 (A.G. and K.D.N.). We thank Amanda Poe for assistance in genotyping and maintaining the mouse colonies. We are very grateful to the Conte Center Bioanalytical Core, specifically to Brett Begely, for his technical skills with the 5-HT receptor and transporter binding studies. 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Int. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 73 SI SI BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.015 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL0FW UT WOS:000338803800013 PM 24090638 ER PT J AU Whyte, A Jessen, T Varney, S Carneiro, AMD AF Whyte, Alonzo Jessen, Tammy Varney, Seth Carneiro, Ana M. D. TI Serotonin transporter and integrin beta 3 genes interact to modulate serotonin uptake in mouse brain SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Serotonin transporter; Integrin; Genetic interaction; Neuropsychiatric disorders; Autism ID MICE; DEPRESSION; RECEPTOR AB Dysfunctions in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) systems have been associated with several psychiatric illnesses, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders and autism spectrum disorders. Convergent evidence from genetic analyses of human subjects has implicated the integrin beta 3 subunit gene (ITGB3) as a modulator of serotonergic systems via genetic interactions with the 5-HT transporter gene (SLC6A4, SERT). While genetic interactions may result from contributions of each gene at several levels, we hypothesize that ITGB3 modulates the 5-HT system at the level of the synapse, through the actions of integrin alpha v beta 3. Here we utilized a genetic approach in mouse models to examine Itgb3 contributions to SERT function both in the context of normal and reduced SERT expression. As integrin alpha v beta 3 is expressed in postsynaptic membranes, we isolated synaptoneurosomes, which maintain intact pre- and post-synaptic associations. Citalopram binding revealed significant Slc6a4-driven reductions in SERT expression in midbrain synapses, whereas no significant changes were observed in hippocampal or cortical projections. Expecting corresponding changes to SERT function, we also measured 5-HT uptake activity in synaptoneurosomal preparations. Itgb3 single heterozygous mice displayed significant reductions in 5-HT V-max, with no changes in K in midbrain preparations. However, in the presence of both Itgb3 and Slc6a4 heterozygozity, 5-HT uptake was similar to wild-type levels, revealing a significant Slc6a4 by Itgb3 genetic interaction in the midbrain. Similar findings were observed in cortical preparations, whereas in the hippocampus, most V-max changes were driven solely by Slc6a4. Our findings provide evidence that integrin alpha v beta 3 is involved in the regulation of serotonergic systems in some, but not all 5-HT synapses, revealing novel contributions to synaptic specificity within the central nervous system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Whyte, Alonzo] Vanderbilt Brain Inst, Neurosci Grad Program, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Jessen, Tammy; Varney, Seth; Carneiro, Ana M. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Carneiro, AMD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, 461 Preston Res Bldg,23rd Ave South Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM ana.carneiro@vanderbilt.edu FU NIMH [090256-01A1] FX We thank Dennis Murphy and Richard Hynes for generating the Slc6a4 and Itgb3 lines used in this paper. We thank Jeremy Veenstra-Vanderweele and Randy D. Blakely for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by NIMH Grant 090256-01A1. 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Anne Orlowski, John TI Impaired posttranslational processing and trafficking of an endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE6 mutant (Delta(WST372)-W-370) associated with X-linked intellectual disability and autism SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE NHE6; Recycling endosomes; Vesicular trafficking; Neurodegeneration; Intellectual disability ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DENDRITIC SPINES; CHRISTIANSON SYNDROME; RECYCLING ENDOSOMES; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; SLC9A6 MUTATIONS; AMPA RECEPTORS AB Ne+/H+ exchanger NHE6/SLC9A6 is an X-linked gene that is widely expressed and especially abundant in brain, heart and skeletal muscle where it is implicated in endosomal pH homeostasis and trafficking as well as maintenance of cell polarity. Recent genetic studies have identified several mutations in the coding region of NHE6 that are linked with severe intellectual disability, autistic behavior, ataxia and other abnormalities. One such defect consists of an in-frame deletion of three amino acids ((370)Trp-Ser-Thr(372), Delta WST) that adjoin the predicted ninth transmembrane helix of the exchanger. To better understand the nature of this mutation, a NHE6 Delta WST construct was generated and assessed for its effects on the biochemical and cellular properties of the transporter. In transfected fibroblastic CHO and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, immunoblot analyses showed that the mutant protein was effectively synthesized, but its subsequent oligosaccharide maturation and overall half-life were dramatically reduced compared to wild-type. These changes correlated with significant accumulation of AWST in the endoplasmic reticulum, with only minor sorting to the plasma membrane and negligible trafficking to recycling endosomes. The diminished accumulation in recycling endosomes was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of endocytosis of cell surface AWST compared to wild-type. Furthermore, while ectopic expression of wild-type NHE6 enhanced the uptake of other vesicular cargo such as transferrin along the clathrin-mediated recycling endosomal pathway, this ability was lost in the AWST mutant. Similarly, in transfected primary mouse hippocampal neurons, wild-type NHE6 was localized in discrete puncta throughout the soma and neurites, whereas the AWST mutant displayed a diffuse reticular pattern. Remarkably, the extensive dendritic arborization observed in neurons expressing wild-type NHE6 was noticeably diminished in Delta WST-transfectants. These results suggest that deletion of (370)Trp-Ser-Thr(372) leads to endoplasmic reticulum retention and loss of NHE6 function which potentially impacts the trafficking of other membrane-bound cargo and cell polarity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilie, Alina; Weinstein, Erica; Boucher, Annie; Orlowski, John] McGill Univ, Dept Physiol, Montreal, PQ H3G 0B1, Canada. [McKinney, R. Anne] McGill Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Montreal, PQ H3G 0B1, Canada. RP Orlowski, J (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Physiol, McIntyre Med Sci Bldg, Montreal, PQ H3G 0B1, Canada. EM john.orlowski@mcgill.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health [MOP-86724, MOP-111191] FX We thank Mica Das Gupta and Cassandra McEwan for technical assistance. We also acknowledge the technical assistance provided by the McGill Life Sciences Imaging Facility and Genome Quebec. This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research funding held by R.A.M. (MOP-86724) and J.O. (MOP-111191). 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TI Self-injurious behaviours are associated with alterations in the somatosensory system in children with autism spectrum disorder SO BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Spectrum disorder; Injury; Grey matter; White matter; Pain ID REDUCED THALAMIC VOLUME; CORTICAL THICKNESS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; WARPING TECHNIQUES; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; MATTER STRUCTURE; PARIETAL LOBE; RISK-FACTORS; MRI DATA; DIFFUSION AB Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently engage in self-injurious behaviours, often in the absence of reporting pain. Previous research suggests that altered pain sensitivity and repeated exposure to noxious stimuli are associated with morphological changes in somatosensory and limbic cortices. Further evidence from postmortem studies with self-injurious adults has indicated alterations in the structure and organization of the temporal lobes; however, the effect of self-injurious behaviour on cortical development in children with ASD has not yet been determined. Thirty children and adolescents (mean age = 10.6 +/- A 2.5 years; range 7-15 years; 29 males) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD and 30 typically developing children (N = 30, mean age = 10.7 +/- A 2.5 years; range 7-15 years, 26 males) underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. No between-group differences were seen in cerebral volume, surface area or cortical thickness. Within the ASD group, self-injury scores negatively correlated with thickness in the right superior parietal lobule t = 6.3, p < 0.0001, bilateral primary somatosensory cortices (SI) (right: t = 4.4, p = 0.02; left: t = 4.48, p = 0.004) and the volume of the left ventroposterior (VP) nucleus of the thalamus (r = -0.52, p = 0.008). Based on these findings, we performed an atlas-based region-of-interest diffusion tensor imaging analysis between SI and the VP nucleus and found that children who engaged in self-injury had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (r = -0.4, p = 0.04) and higher mean diffusivity (r = 0.5, p = 0.03) values in the territory of the left posterior limb of the internal capsule. Additionally, greater incidence of self-injury was associated with increased radial diffusivity values in bilateral posterior limbs of the internal capsule (left: r = 0.5, p = 0.02; right: r = 0.5, p = 0.009) and corona radiata (left: r = 0.6, p = 0.005; right: r = 0.5, p = 0.009). Results indicate that self-injury is related to alterations in somatosensory cortical and subcortical regions and their supporting white-matter pathways. Findings could reflect use-dependent plasticity in the somatosensory system or disrupted brain development that could serve as a risk marker for self-injury. C1 [Duerden, Emma G.; Card, Dallas; Roberts, S. Wendy; Mak-Fan, Kathleen M.; Taylor, Margot J.] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Diagnost Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Duerden, Emma G.; Lerch, Jason P.; Taylor, Margot J.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Mak-Fan, Kathleen M.; Taylor, Margot J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Kimel Family Translat Imaging Genet Res Lab, Res Imaging Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lerch, Jason P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Duerden, EG (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM emma.duerden@sickkids.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-81161]; Hospital for Sick Children; Reva Gerstein Fellowship in Paediatric Psychology FX The authors would like to thank Wayne Lee for MRI technical and Dr. Annie Dupuis, Hospital for Sick Children, for statistical analysis support. This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [grant number MOP-81161 to MJT], Research Training Competition Fellowship from the Hospital for Sick Children (EGD), and a Reva Gerstein Fellowship in Paediatric Psychology (EGD). We also sincerely thank the children and their families who participated in this study. 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Funct. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 219 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1261 DI 10.1007/s00429-013-0562-2 PG 11 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Neurosciences SC Anatomy & Morphology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AK6DD UT WOS:000338517400007 PM 23644587 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Ramirez, J Franco, M Lectez, B Gonzalez, M Barrio, R Mayor, U AF Lee, So Young Ramirez, Juanma Franco, Maribel Lectez, Benoit Gonzalez, Monika Barrio, Rosa Mayor, Ugo TI Ube3a, the E3 ubiquitin ligase causing Angelman syndrome and linked to autism, regulates protein homeostasis through the proteasomal shuttle Rpn10 SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ube3a; Ubiquitin; Angelman syndrome; Autism; Proteasome; Rpn10 ID DENDRITIC SPINES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SYNAPSE DEVELOPMENT; GENE UBE3A; DEGRADATION; RECRUITMENT; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; COMPLEXES; REVEALS AB Ubiquitination, the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a target protein, regulates most cellular processes and is involved in several neurological disorders. In particular, Angelman syndrome and one of the most common genomic forms of autism, dup15q, are caused respectively by lack of or excess of UBE3A, a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Its Drosophila orthologue, Ube3a, is also active during brain development. We have now devised a protocol to screen for substrates of this particular ubiquitin ligase. In a neuronal cell system, we find direct ubiquitination by Ube3a of three proteasome-related proteins Rpn10, Uch-L5, and CG8209, as well as of the ribosomal protein Rps10b. Only one of these, Rpn10, is targeted for degradation upon ubiquitination by Ube3a, indicating that degradation might not be the only effect of Ube3a on its substrates. Furthermore, we report the genetic interaction in vivo between Ube3a and the C-terminal part of Rpn10. Overexpression of these proteins leads to an enhanced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, further supporting the biochemical evidence of interaction obtained in neuronal cells. C1 [Lee, So Young; Ramirez, Juanma; Franco, Maribel; Lectez, Benoit; Gonzalez, Monika; Barrio, Rosa; Mayor, Ugo] CIC BioGUNE, Derio 48160, Basque Country, Spain. [Mayor, Ugo] Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48011, Spain. RP Mayor, U (reprint author), CIC BioGUNE, Bizkaia Teknol Pk,Bldg 801-A, Derio 48160, Basque Country, Spain. EM umayor@cicbiogune.com RI Barrio, Rosa/F-8712-2011 OI Barrio, Rosa/0000-0002-9663-0669 FU CIC bioGUNE Gene Silencing Platform; Basque Government [PI2011-24, PI2009-16, PI2012/42]; March of Dimes Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award [5-FY12-16]; Spanish MICINN [BFU2008-01884, BFU2011-25986]; Bizkaia County; [CSD2007-008-25120] FX We would like to thank Janice Fischer, Fen-Biao Gao, Zoltan Lipinszki, Bloomington Stock Center, the DRSC, and The Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank-DSHB (University of Iowa) for flies, cells, dsRNA templates, and antibodies, and David Gubb for helpful advice and support. We thank J. D. Sutherland for his suggestion to use the anti-GFP beads. We would also like to thank Larry Reiter and Catherine Lindon for critical reading and comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the CIC bioGUNE Gene Silencing Platform for support. This work was supported by a Basque Government research grant (PI2011-24) and a March of Dimes Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award (5-FY12-16) to U. M. RB thanks the Spanish MICINN (grants BFU2008-01884, BFU2011-25986) and the Consolider Program (CSD2007-008-25120), the Basque Government (PI2009-16 and PI2012/42), and the Bizkaia County. 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K.), and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (2009 Young Investigator Award to L.K.P.). 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Halgren, Eric TI Age-related Changes in Tissue Signal Properties Within Cortical Areas Important for Word Understanding in 12-to 19-Month-Old Infants SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE brain development; infants; language; structural MRI ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM MYELINATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NORMAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; HIGH-RESOLUTION MRI; GRAY-MATTER; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; IRON CONCENTRATION; T2-WEIGHTED MRI AB Recently, our laboratory has shown that the neural mechanisms for encoding lexico-semantic information in adults operate functionally by 12-18 months of age within left frontotemporal cortices (Travis et al., 2011. Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of word understanding in 12- to 18-month-old-infants. Cereb Cortex. 8:1832-1839). However, there is minimal knowledge of the structural changes that occur within these and other cortical regions important for language development. To identify regional structural changes taking place during this important period in infant development, we examined age-related changes in tissue signal properties of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) intensity and contrast. T-1-weighted surface-based measures were acquired from 12- to 19-month-old infants and analyzed using a general linear model. Significant age effects were observed for GM and WM intensity and contrast within bilateral inferior lateral and anterovental temporal regions, dorsomedial frontal, and superior parietal cortices. Region of interest (ROI) analyses revealed that GM and WM intensity and contrast significantly increased with age within the same left lateral temporal regions shown to generate lexico-semantic activity in infants and adults. These findings suggest that neurophysiological processes supporting linguistic and cognitive behaviors may develop before cellular and structural maturation is complete within associative cortices. These results have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms relating structural to functional brain development. C1 [Travis, Katherine E.; Curran, Megan M.; Torres, Christina; Leonard, Matthew K.; Dale, Anders M.; Halgren, Eric] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Travis, Katherine E.; Curran, Megan M.; Torres, Christina; Leonard, Matthew K.; Brown, Timothy T.; Dale, Anders M.; Halgren, Eric] Univ Calif San Diego, Multimodal Imaging Lab, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Brown, Timothy T.; Dale, Anders M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Elman, Jeffrey L.; Halgren, Eric] Univ Calif San Diego, Kavli Inst Brain & Mind, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Elman, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Travis, KE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Grant Bldg S-224, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ktravis1@stanford.edu FU Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, UCSD; NIH/NINDA [R01 NS018741-23A1, R21 HD066364]; NIH; Chancellor's Collaboratories Award, UCSD FX Funding sources include Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, UCSD http://kibm.ucsd.edu/ and NIH/NINDA R01 NS018741-23A1, R21 HD066364 funding of E. H. K. E. T and M. K. L. have been supported by NIH pre-doctoral training grants and the Chancellor's Collaboratories Award, UCSD. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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CA BASIS Team TI Face engagement during infancy predicts later face recognition ability in younger siblings of children with autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; VISUAL-ATTENTION; GAZE-FIXATION; HIGH-RISK; INDIVIDUALS; TODDLERS; PERCEPTION; DIAGNOSIS; CIRCUITRY AB Face recognition difficulties are frequently documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It has been hypothesized that these difficulties result from a reduced interest in faces early in life, leading to decreased cortical specialization and atypical development of the neural circuitry for face processing. However, a recent study by our lab demonstrated that infants at increased familial risk for ASD, irrespective of their diagnostic status at 3 years, exhibit a clear orienting response to faces. The present study was conducted as a follow-up on the same cohort to investigate how measures of early engagement with faces relate to face-processing abilities later in life. We also investigated whether face recognition difficulties are specifically related to an ASD diagnosis, or whether they are present at a higher rate in all those at familial risk. At 3 years we found a reduced ability to recognize unfamiliar faces in the high-risk group that was not specific to those children who received an ASD diagnosis, consistent with face recognition difficulties being an endophenotype of the disorder. Furthermore, we found that longer looking at faces at 7 months was associated with poorer performance on the face recognition task at 3 years in the high-risk group. These findings suggest that longer looking at faces in infants at risk for ASD might reflect early face-processing difficulties and predicts difficulties with recognizing faces later in life. C1 [de Klerk, Carina C. J. 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Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 596 EP 611 DI 10.1111/desc.12141 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AK0OU UT WOS:000338114300009 PM 24314028 ER PT J AU Bedford, R Pickles, A Gliga, T Elsabbagh, M Charman, T Johnson, MH AF Bedford, Rachael Pickles, Andrew Gliga, Teodora Elsabbagh, Mayada Charman, Tony Johnson, Mark H. CA BASIS Team TI Additive effects of social and non-social attention during infancy relate to later autism spectrum disorder SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; DISENGAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Emerging findings from studies with infants at familial high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), owing to an older sibling with a diagnosis, suggest that those who go on to develop ASD show early impairments in the processing of stimuli with both social and non-social content. Although ASD is defined by social-communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviours, the majority of cognitive theories of ASD posit a single underlying factor, which over development has secondary effects across domains. This is the first high-risk study to statistically differentiate theoretical models of the development of ASD in high-risk siblings using multiple risk factors. We examined the prediction of ASD outcome by attention to social and non-social stimuli: gaze following and attentional disengagement assessed at 13 months in low-risk controls and high-risk ASD infants (who were subsequently diagnosed with ASD at 3 years). When included in the same regression model, these 13-month measures independently predicted ASD outcome at 3 years of age. The data were best described by an additive model, suggesting that non-social attention, disengagement, and social attention as evidenced by gaze following, have a cumulative impact on ASD risk. These data argue against cognitive theories of ASD which propose that a single underlying factor has cascading effects across early development leading to an ASD outcome, and support multiple impairment models of ASD that are more consistent with recent genetic and neurobiological evidence. C1 [Bedford, Rachael; Pickles, Andrew; Charman, Tony] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Gliga, Teodora; Johnson, Mark H.] Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Birkbeck, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Elsabbagh, Mayada] McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Bedford, R (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat, P020,Decrespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 612 EP 620 DI 10.1111/desc.12139 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AK0OU UT WOS:000338114300010 PM 25089324 ER PT J AU Helbig, I Swinkels, MEM Aten, E Caliebe, A van 't Slot, R Boor, R von Spiczak, S Muhle, H Jahn, JA van Binsbergen, E van Nieuwenhuizen, O Jansen, FE Braun, KPJ de Haan, GJ Tommerup, N Stephani, U Hjalgrim, H Poot, M Lindhout, D Brilstra, EH Moller, RS Koeleman, BPC AF Helbig, Ingo Swinkels, Marielle E. M. Aten, Emmelien Caliebe, Almuth van 't Slot, Ruben Boor, Rainer von Spiczak, Sarah Muhle, Hiltrud Jaehn, Johanna A. van Binsbergen, Ellen van Nieuwenhuizen, Onno Jansen, Floor E. Braun, Kees P. J. de Haan, Gerrit-Jan Tommerup, Niels Stephani, Ulrich Hjalgrim, Helle Poot, Martin Lindhout, Dick Brilstra, Eva H. Moller, Rikke S. Koeleman, Bobby P. C. TI Structural genomic variation in childhood epilepsies with complex phenotypes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CNV; structural genomic variation; childhood epilepsies; epileptic encephalopathies ID TERMINAL DELETION SYNDROME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; 16P13.11 PREDISPOSE; CLASSIFICATION; MICRODELETIONS; AUTISM AB A genetic contribution to a broad range of epilepsies has been postulated, and particularly copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as significant genetic risk factors. However, the role of CNVs in patients with epilepsies with complex phenotypes is not known. Therefore, we investigated the role of CNVs in patients with unclassified epilepsies and complex phenotypes. A total of 222 patients from three European countries, including patients with structural lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dysmorphic features, and multiple congenital anomalies, were clinically evaluated and screened for CNVs. MRI findings including acquired or developmental lesions and patient characteristics were subdivided and analyzed in subgroups. MRI data were available for 88.3% of patients, of whom 41.6% had abnormal MRI findings. Eighty-eight rare CNVs were discovered in 71 out of 222 patients (31.9%). Segregation of all identified variants could be assessed in 42 patients, 11 of which were de novo. The frequency of all structural variants and de novo variants was not statistically different between patients with or without MRI abnormalities or MRI subcategories. Patients with dysmorphic features were more likely to carry a rare CNV. Genome-wide screening methods for rare CNVs may provide clues for the genetic etiology in patients with a broader range of epilepsies than previously anticipated, including in patients with various brain anomalies detectable by MRI. Performing genome-wide screens for rare CNVs can be a valuable contribution to the routine diagnostic workup in patients with a broad range of childhood epilepsies. C1 [Helbig, Ingo; Boor, Rainer; von Spiczak, Sarah; Muhle, Hiltrud; Jaehn, Johanna A.; Stephani, Ulrich] Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein UKSH, Dept Neuropediat, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Swinkels, Marielle E. M.; van 't Slot, Ruben; van Binsbergen, Ellen; Poot, Martin; Lindhout, Dick; Brilstra, Eva H.; Koeleman, Bobby P. C.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Swinkels, Marielle E. M.; de Haan, Gerrit-Jan; Lindhout, Dick] SEIN Epilepsy Inst Netherlands Fdn, Hoofddorp, Netherlands. [Aten, Emmelien] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. [Caliebe, Almuth] Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein UKSH, Dept Human Genet, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [van Nieuwenhuizen, Onno; Jansen, Floor E.; Braun, Kees P. J.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Clin Neurol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Tommerup, Niels; Moller, Rikke S.] Wilhelm Johannsen Ctr Funct Genome Res, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hjalgrim, Helle; Moller, Rikke S.] Danish Epilepsy Ctr, Dianalund, Denmark. [Hjalgrim, Helle; Moller, Rikke S.] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Reg Hlth Serv Res, Odense, Denmark. RP Helbig, I (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein UKSH, Dept Neuropediat, Bldg 9,Arnold Heller St 3, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM i.helbig@pedneuro.uni-kiel.de RI Poot, Martin/F-9427-2010; Stephani, Ulrich/D-1004-2010 FU EuroEPINOMICS projects within the EUROCORES framework of the European Science Foundation; German Research Foundation (DFG HE) [5413/3-1] FX We thank the patients and their parents for participation in this study. This project was supported by the EuroEPINOMICS projects within the EUROCORES framework of the European Science Foundation and funds of the German Research Foundation (DFG HE 5413/3-1). CR Barkovich AJ, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V65, P1873, DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000183747.05269.2d Berg AT, 2010, EPILEPSIA, V51, P676, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x Catarino CB, 2011, EPILEPSIA, V52, P1388, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03087.x Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V30, P389 Cooper GM, 2011, NAT GENET, V43, P838, DOI 10.1038/ng.909 de Kovel CGF, 2010, BRAIN, V133, P23, DOI 10.1093/brain/awp262 Elia M, 2006, EPILEPSIA, V47, P830, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00522.x Fernandez TV, 2008, AM J MED GENET A, V146A, P2746, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32533 Hannes FD, 2009, J MED GENET, V46, P223, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2007.055202 Heinzen EL, 2010, AM J HUM GENET, V86, P707, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.03.018 Helbig I, 2009, NAT GENET, V41, P160, DOI 10.1038/ng.292 Helbig I, 2008, LANCET NEUROL, V7, P231, DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70039-5 Itsara A, 2009, AM J HUM GENET, V84, P148, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.12.014 Malmgren H, 2007, AM J MED GENET A, V143A, P2143, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31902 Mefford HC, 2009, CURR OPIN GENET DEV, V19, P196, DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2009.04.003 Mefford HC, 2010, PLOS GENET, V6, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000962 Miller DT, 2010, AM J HUM GENET, V86, P749, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.006 Poot M, 2011, CYTOGENET GENOME RES, V135, P228, DOI 10.1159/000334064 Striano P, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P1944, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31435 Van Houdt JKJ, 2012, NAT GENET, V44, P445, DOI 10.1038/ng.1105 Weiss LA, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V358, P667, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa075974 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 EI 1476-5438 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 22 IS 7 BP 896 EP 901 DI 10.1038/ejhg.2013.262 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AK3RP UT WOS:000338342700011 PM 24281369 ER PT J AU Lee, H Lin, MCA Kornblum, HI Papazian, DM Nelson, SF AF Lee, Hane Lin, Meng-chin A. Kornblum, Harley I. Papazian, Diane M. Nelson, Stanley F. TI Exome sequencing identifies de novo gain of function missense mutation in KCND2 in identical twins with autism and seizures that slows potassium channel inactivation SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CLOSED-STATE INACTIVATION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; K+ CHANNELS; YOUNG-ADULTS; ION CHANNELS; EPILEPSY; KV4.2; MODULATION; PROTEIN; INDIVIDUALS AB Numerous studies and case reports show comorbidity of autism and epilepsy, suggesting some common molecular underpinnings of the two phenotypes. However, the relationship between the two, on the molecular level, remains unclear. Here, whole exome sequencing was performed on a family with identical twins affected with autism and severe, intractable seizures. A de novo variant was identified in the KCND2 gene, which encodes the Kv4.2 potassium channel. Kv4.2 is a major pore-forming subunit in somatodendritic subthreshold A-type potassium current (I-SA) channels. The de novo mutation p.Val404Met is novel and occurs at a highly conserved residue within the C-terminal end of the transmembrane helix S6 region of the ion permeation pathway. Functional analysis revealed the likely pathogenicity of the variant in that the p.Val404Met mutant construct showed significantly slowed inactivation, either by itself or after equimolar coexpression with the wild-type Kv4.2 channel construct consistent with a dominant effect. Further, the effect of the mutation on closed-state inactivation was evident in the presence of auxiliary subunits that associate with Kv4 subunits to form I-SA channels in vivo. Discovery of a functionally relevant novel de novo variant, coupled with physiological evidence that the mutant protein disrupts potassium current inactivation, strongly supports KCND2 as the causal gene for epilepsy in this family. Interaction of KCND2 with other genes implicated in autism and the role of KCND2 in synaptic plasticity provide suggestive evidence of an etiological role in autism. C1 [Lee, Hane; Nelson, Stanley F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lin, Meng-chin A.; Papazian, Diane M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kornblum, Harley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kornblum, Harley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kornblum, Harley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nelson, Stanley F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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