FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Prilutsky, D Palmer, NP Smedemark-Margulies, N Schlaeger, TM Margulies, DM Kohane, IS AF Prilutsky, Daria Palmer, Nathan P. Smedemark-Margulies, Niklas Schlaeger, Thorsten M. Margulies, David M. Kohane, Isaac S. TI iPSC-derived neurons as a higher-throughput readout for autism: promises and pitfalls SO TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE autism; iPSC; gene expression; high-throughput assay ID PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS; ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; GENE-EXPRESSION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RETT-SYNDROME; DIRECTED DIFFERENTIATION; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; SOMATIC-CELLS; FRAGILE-X; CORTICAL INTERNEURONS AB The elucidation of disease etiologies and establishment of robust, scalable, high-throughput screening assays for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been impeded by both inaccessibility of disease-relevant neuronal tissue and the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder. Neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from autism patients may circumvent these obstacles and serve as relevant cell models. To date, derived cells are characterized and screened by assessing their neuronal phenotypes. These characterizations are often etiology-specific or lack reproducibility and stability. In this review, we present an overview of efforts to study iPSC-derived neurons as a model for autism, and we explore the plausibility of gene expression profiling as a reproducible and stable disease marker. C1 [Prilutsky, Daria; Palmer, Nathan P.; Margulies, David M.; Kohane, Isaac S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Informat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Smedemark-Margulies, Niklas] Amherst Coll Class 2013 Undergrad Neurosci Progra, Amherst, MA USA. [Schlaeger, Thorsten M.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Stem Cell Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Margulies, David M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Margulies, David M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Dev Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kohane, Isaac S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kohane, IS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Informat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Isaac_Kohane@hms.harvard.edu FU Conte Center for Computational Neuropsychiatric Genomics [NIH P50MH94267] FX We thank the members of the laboratories of Dr Isaac Kohane (especially Dr. Patrick Schmid), Dr Louis Kunkel, Dr Michael Greenberg, Dr Thorsten Schlaeger, Dr Alvin Kho, and Dr Kevin Eggan for helpful discussions and valuable advice. We also thank Dr Mustafa Sahin for comments on the manuscript. We are particularly grateful to Dr Bulent Ataman for his invaluable comments and scientific guidance. I.S.K. and D.P. acknowledge the support of Conte Center for Computational Neuropsychiatric Genomics (NIH P50MH94267). We apologize to all whose work we could not cite owing to journal specified space limitations. 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Med PD FEB PY 2014 VL 20 IS 2 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.11.004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AB1YH UT WOS:000331589300005 PM 24374161 ER PT J AU Karlsson, C AF Karlsson, Cassie TI Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Karlsson, Cassie] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Riley Hosp Children, Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Karlsson, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Riley Hosp Children, Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. CR HANSEN RL, 2013, AUTISM OTHER NEURODE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X EI 1535-7228 J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 171 IS 2 BP 232 EP 233 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13030349 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 302JP UT WOS:000330601100025 ER PT J AU Naim-Feil, J Fitzgerald, PB Bradshaw, JL Lubman, DI Sheppard, D AF Naim-Feil, Jodie Fitzgerald, Paul B. Bradshaw, John L. Lubman, Dan I. Sheppard, Dianne TI Neurocognitive Deficits, Craving, and Abstinence among Alcohol-Dependent Individuals Following Detoxification SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neurocognitive deficits; Alcohol dependence; Frontostriatal dysfunction; Attentional control; Craving; Cognitive recovery ID RANDOM-NUMBER-GENERATION; COMPULSIVE DRINKING SCALE; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; CHRONIC METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSE; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; STOP SIGNAL INHIBITION; RESPONSE-TASK SART; SUSTAINED-ATTENTION AB Alcohol dependence, a chronic relapsing disorder, is characterized by an impaired ability to regulate compulsive urges to consume alcohol. Very few empirical studies have examined the presence of these executive deficits, how they relate to craving, and the enduring nature of these deficits during abstinence. As such, the current study aimed to characterize these cognitive deficits within a sample of 24 alcohol-dependent participants post-detoxification and 23 non-alcohol-dependent participants. Participants were administered the Sustained Attention to Response Task to measure response inhibition and sustained attention and the Random Number Generation Task to examine executive deficits. Correlations between cognitive performance and clinical measures of alcohol dependence were examined. As predicted, the alcohol-dependent group exhibited poorer performance across the domains of response inhibition, executive function, and attentional control. Cognitive performance was related to clinical measures of craving and years of alcohol consumption, whereas the duration of abstinence was not associated with improved cognitive performance. These findings highlight the need for therapeutic strategies to target these enduring neurocognitive deficits in improving the treatment of alcohol dependence. C1 [Naim-Feil, Jodie; Fitzgerald, Paul B.] Alfred & Monash Univ, Cent Clin Sch, Monash Alfred Psychiat Res Ctr, Prahran, Vic 3004, Australia. [Naim-Feil, Jodie; Bradshaw, John L.] Monash Univ, Sch Psychol & Psychiat, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Lubman, Dan I.] Eastern Hlth, Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Ctr, Box Hill, Vic, Australia. [Lubman, Dan I.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Sheppard, Dianne] Monash Univ, Monash Injury Res Inst, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RP Naim-Feil, J (reprint author), Alfred & Monash Univ, Cent Clin Sch, Monash Alfred Psychiat Res Ctr, Prahran, Vic 3004, Australia. EM jodie@naimfeil.org RI Fitzgerald, Paul/A-1225-2008 OI Fitzgerald, Paul/0000-0003-4217-8096 FU Graduate Women Victoria scholarship; NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship FX J.N.-F. is a recipient of the Graduate Women Victoria scholarship, which supported the development of this study. P.B.F. has received equipment for research from Medtronic Ltd, MagVenture A/S, and Brainsway Ltd. He has undertaken research with funding and equipment from Cervel Neurotech. He is supported by a NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship. 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Clin. Neuropsychol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1093/arclin/act090 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA AA1CA UT WOS:000330832700004 PM 24334264 ER PT J AU Baruni, RR Rapp, JT Lipe, SL Novotny, MA AF Baruni, Rasha R. Rapp, John T. Lipe, Star L. Novotny, Marissa A. TI USING LAG SCHEDULES TO INCREASE TOY PLAY VARIABILITY FOR CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS; RESPONSE VARIABILITY; SOCIAL VALIDITY; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; REINFORCEMENT; EXTINCTION; INDIVIDUALS; MAINTENANCE; PREFERENCE AB Relatively few studies have evaluated procedures for increasing play skills in children with intellectual disabilities. To address this limitation, this study evaluated the extent to which lag schedules increased novel toy play responses for three children who exhibited little or no appropriate toy play. 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Intervent. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1002/bin.1377 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AA6QT UT WOS:000331223700003 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Probiotics against autism SO BIOFUTUR LA French DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0294-3506 EI 1769-7174 J9 BIOFUTUR JI Biofutur PD FEB PY 2014 IS 351 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AA3SX UT WOS:000331013700024 ER PT J AU Cardoso, C Ellenbogen, MA Linnen, AM AF Cardoso, Christopher Ellenbogen, Mark A. Linnen, Anne-Marie TI The Effect of Intranasal Oxytocin on Perceiving and Understanding Emotion on the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) SO EMOTION LA English DT Article DE oxytocin; MSCEIT; emotion recognition; social salience; faces ID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; EMPATHIC ACCURACY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NEURAL BASES; RECOGNITION; HUMANS; AMYGDALA AB Evidence suggests that intranasal oxytocin enhances the perception of emotion in facial expressions during standard emotion identification tasks. However, it is not clear whether this effect is desirable in people who do not show deficits in emotion perception. That is, a heightened perception of emotion in faces could lead to "oversensitivity" to the emotions of others in nonclinical participants. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of intranasal oxytocin on emotion perception using ecologically valid social and nonsocial visual tasks. Eighty-two participants (42 women) self-administered a 24 IU dose of intranasal oxytocin or a placebo in a double-blind, randomized experiment and then completed the perceiving and understanding emotion components of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. In this test, emotion identification accuracy is based on agreement with a normative sample. As expected, participants administered intranasal oxytocin rated emotion in facial stimuli as expressing greater emotional intensity than those given a placebo. Consequently, accurate identification of emotion in faces, based on agreement with a normative sample, was impaired in the oxytocin group relative to placebo. No such effect was observed for tests using nonsocial stimuli. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that intranasal oxytocin enhances the salience of social stimuli in the environment, but not nonsocial stimuli. The present findings support a growing literature showing that the effects of intranasal oxytocin on social cognition can be negative under certain circumstances, in this case promoting "oversensitivity" to emotion in faces in healthy people. C1 [Cardoso, Christopher; Ellenbogen, Mark A.; Linnen, Anne-Marie] Concordia Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Res Human Dev, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. RP Ellenbogen, MA (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Res Human Dev, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. 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TI STRIPAK complexes: Structure, biological function, and involvement in human diseases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE STRIPAK; Striatin; CCM; GCKIII; Disease ID CEREBRAL CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; SEPTATION INITIATION NETWORK; MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; WD-REPEAT PROTEINS; RIGHT-VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY; SARCOLEMMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS AB The mammalian striatin family consists of three proteins, striatin, S/G2 nuclear autoantigen, and zinedin. Striatin family members have no intrinsic catalytic activity, but rather function as scaffolding proteins. Remarkably, they organize multiple diverse, large signaling complexes that participate in a variety of cellular processes. Moreover, they appear to be regulatory/targeting subunits for the major eukaryotic serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A. In addition, striatin family members associate with germinal center kinase III kinases as well as other novel components, earning these assemblies the name striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes. Recently, there has been a great increase in functional and mechanistic studies aimed at identifying and understanding the roles of STRIPAK and STRIPAK-like complexes in cellular processes of multiple organisms. These studies have identified novel STRIPAK and STRIPAK-like complexes and have explored their roles in specific signaling pathways. Together, the results of these studies have sparked increased interest in striatin family complexes because they have revealed roles in signaling, cell cycle control, apoptosis, vesicular trafficking, Golgi assembly, cell polarity, cell migration, neural and vascular development, and cardiac function. Moreover, STRIPAK complexes have been connected to clinical conditions, including cardiac disease, diabetes, autism, and cerebral cavernous malformation. In this review, we discuss the expression, localization, and protein domain structure of striatin family members. Then we consider the diverse complexes these proteins and their homologs form in various organisms, emphasizing what is known regarding function and regulation. Finally, we explore possible roles of striatin family complexes in disease, especially cerebral cavernous malformation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dev Biol Grad Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Pallas, DC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Biochem Dept RRC4125, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jhwang8231@gmail.com; dpallas@emory.edu FU National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health [R01CA057327] FX This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01CA057327 to D.C.P. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health; We thank Anita Corbett and Jennifer Jackson for critical reading of the manuscript, and Michael Konomos for advice on graphic design. Dr. David Pallas is entitled to royalty from the sale of products related to the research described in this paper by Millipore Inc., Santa Cruz Biotechnologies Inc., Invitrogen Corp., and Novus Biologicals Inc. In addition, this same author serves as a consultant to Millipore. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by Emory University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. 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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1357-2725 EI 1878-5875 J9 INT J BIOCHEM CELL B JI Int. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 47 BP 118 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.021 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AA2HT UT WOS:000330916400015 PM 24333164 ER PT J AU Lofkvist, U Almkvist, O Lyxell, B Tallberg, IM AF Lofkvist, Ulrika Almkvist, Ove Lyxell, Bjoern Tallberg, Ing-Mari TI Lexical and semantic ability in groups of children with cochlear implants, language impairment and autism spectrum disorder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Children; Cochlear implants; Language impairment; Autism spectrum disorder; Lexical and semantic ability; Picture naming ID BOSTON NAMING TEST; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; DEAF-CHILDREN; HEARING-LOSS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NORMATIVE DATA; SPEECH; AGE; COMMUNICATION; OUTCOMES AB Objective: Lexical-semantic ability was investigated among children aged 6-9 years with cochlear implants (CI) and compared to clinical groups of children with language impairment (LI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as to age-matched children with normal hearing (NH). In addition, the influence of age at implantation on lexical-semantic ability was investigated among children with Cl. Methods: 97 children divided into four groups participated, CI (n = 34), LI (n = 12), ASD (n = 12), and NH (n = 39). A battery of tests, including picture naming, receptive vocabulary and knowledge of semantic features, was used for assessment. A semantic response analysis of the erroneous responses on the picture-naming test was also performed. Results: The group of children with Cl exhibited a naming ability comparable to that of the age-matched children with NH, and they also possessed a relevant semantic knowledge of certain words that they were unable to name correctly. Children with CI had a significantly better understanding of words compared to the children with LI and ASD, but a worse understanding than those with NH. The significant differences between groups remained after controlling for age and non-verbal cognitive ability. Conclusions: The children with Cl demonstrated lexical-semantic abilities comparable to age-matched children with NH, while children with LI and ASD had a more atypical lexical-semantic profile and poorer sizes of expressive and receptive vocabularies. Dissimilar causes of neurodevelopmental processes seemingly affected lexical-semantic abilities in different ways in the clinical groups. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lofkvist, Ulrika; Tallberg, Ing-Mari] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Div Speech & Language Pathol, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. [Lofkvist, Ulrika; Tallberg, Ing-Mari] Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci Intervent & Technol CLINTEC, Div Speech & Language Pathol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Lofkvist, Ulrika; Lyxell, Bjoern] Linkoping Univ, Linnaeus HEAD, HEAD Grad Sch, Linkoping, Sweden. [Lyxell, Bjoern] Linkoping Univ, Swedish Inst Disabil Res, Linkoping, Sweden. [Almkvist, Ove] Stockholm Univ, Dept Psychol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Almkvist, Ove] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc NVS, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Lofkvist, U (reprint author), Karolinska Univ Hosp, Div Speech & Language Pathol, B63, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. EM ulrikadofkvist@ki.se FU Karolinska Institutet; Sunnerdahls Handikappfond; Stingerfonden; Aina Borjesonfonden; HEAD Graduate School (Linnaeus HEAD, Linkoping University) FX The authors wish to thank all of the children who participated and their parents for their contribution. The authors also want to thank Madelen Snickars, Viire Kask, Emma Bergstrom and Idah Lubowa-Mubiru for their help with recruitment and data collection. This research was supported by Karolinska Institutet, Sunnerdahls Handikappfond, Stingerfonden, Aina Borjesonfonden, and HEAD Graduate School (Linnaeus HEAD, Linkoping University). 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J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 78 IS 2 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.11.017 PG 11 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA AA2HQ UT WOS:000330916100016 PM 24332667 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Karmakar, P Mohanan, A AF Kumar, Suman Karmakar, Probir Mohanan, Akhil TI Language regression in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; Linguistic and non linguistic regression; Regression screening tool ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LANDAU-KLEFFNER-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SPEECH LOSS; PREVALENCE; CORTEX AB Objectives: Regression in autism applies to the phenomenon of apparently normal early development followed by the loss of previously acquired skills and manifestation of symptoms of autism. Estimates of the frequency of regression in autism range from 10% to 50%. Although there are tools available to evaluate and diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorders, however, there is no published tool available in Indian context to identify the children with ASD at an early age. The study was aimed to describe the differences in language regression between children with ASD and typically developing children and also to determine the age of regression. Methods: Regression screening tool, a questionnaire was developed based on Regression Supplement Form (Goldberg et al., 2003). The skills were validated by five Clinical Psychologists. It comprised of 16 skills which included domains like, 'spoken language and non verbal communication', 'social interest and responsiveness' and 'play and imagination'. This retrospective study was conducted on a single group. The participants consisted of parents of 30 children with ASD (22 males and 8 females). Results: The findings revealed a significant regression in children with ASD. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 42 IS 2 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s10802-013-9772-6 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AA0KF UT WOS:000330783300010 PM 23794095 ER PT J AU Mandy, W Roughan, L Skuse, D AF Mandy, William Roughan, Laura Skuse, David TI Three Dimensions of Oppositionality in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms; Conduct disorder symptoms; Angry and irritable symptoms; Argumentative and defiant behavior; Vindictiveness; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; CONDUCT DISORDER; DEFIANT DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; STRENGTHS; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS AB In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are common but poorly understood. DSM-5 has adopted a tripartite model of ODD, parsing its features into 'angry and irritable symptoms' (AIS), 'argumentative and defiant behavior' (ADB) and 'vindictiveness'. This was based on findings in non-autistic populations that each of these dimensions of oppositionality has a distinct constellation of associations with internalising and externalising psychopathology. We applied the tripartite DSM-5 ODD model to ASD to test its generalisability beyond non-ASD populations; and to elucidate the nature of ODD symptoms in ASD. Participants were 216 verbally-fluent young people (mean age = 9.6 years, range 3.0 to 16.2 years, 82 % male) with ASD. Cross-sectional parent-and teacher-report data were analysed using bootstrap multiple regression to test the following predictions, derived from studies of non-ASD young people: (1) AIS will be the main predictor of internalising problems; (2) ADB will be the main predictor of ADHD symptoms; (3) all ODD traits will independently predict conduct disorder symptoms; (4) vindictiveness will be the main predictor of aggressive conduct problems. Our findings using both parent and teacher data were consistent with the non-ASD ODD literature. AIS were associated with internalising but not externalising problems; ADB and vindictiveness were associated with externalising but not internalising problems; and vindictiveness was the main predictor of aggression. The DSM-5 tripartite model of ODD appears to be generalisable to ASD: for people with an autistic disorder, AIS, ADB and vindictive dimensions of oppositionality have distinct associations with concurrent psychopathology, suggesting the need to assess them as separate constructs. C1 [Mandy, William] UCL, Res Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, London WC1N 6BT, England. [Roughan, Laura] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, London WC1N 3JH, England. [Skuse, David] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London, England. RP Mandy, W (reprint author), UCL, Res Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, Gower St, London WC1N 6BT, England. 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Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 42 IS 2 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10802-013-9778-0 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AA0KF UT WOS:000330783300011 PM 23860740 ER PT J AU Horovitz, M Matson, JL AF Horovitz, Max Matson, Johnny L. TI The Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits-Part 1: Age-based Scoring Procedures SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; ASD; BISCUIT; Cutoffs; Psychometrics ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PDD-NOS; HOME VIDEOTAPES; SOCIAL-SKILLS; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT AB As increasing interest and emphasis has been placed on early intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), the need for reliable and valid early assessment techniques has grown significantly. The Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits-Part 1 (BISCUIT-Part 1) is a measure designed to assess the core diagnostic features of infants and toddlers aged 17 to 37 months. While studies of the measure's psychometric properties have been promising, the measure's scoring procedures do not take the child's age into account. Given the significant amount of development that occurs in the first 3 years of life, the current paper examined the utility of age-based scoring procedures for the BISCUIT-Part 1. The BISCUIT-Part 1 was shown to have good to excellent discriminating ability for each age group. As age increased, higher cutoff scores were needed to distinguish toddlers with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) from those with atypical development. A different pattern emerged when distinguishing PDD-NOS from autism, with toddlers in the middle age cohort requiring the highest cutoffs. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10882-013-9340-6 PG 22 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AA3DQ UT WOS:000330973500001 ER PT J AU Tureck, K Matson, JL May, A Whiting, SE Davis, TE AF Tureck, Kim Matson, Johnny L. May, Anna Whiting, Sara E. Davis, Thompson E., III TI Comorbid Symptoms in Children with Anxiety Disorders Compared to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Anxiety disorders; Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Children (ASD-CC); Comorbidity ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DSM-III DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE-DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CO-MORBIDITY; FOLLOW-UP; PDD-NOS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been shown to be highly comorbid with other psychological disorders. Currently, there is a dearth of research examining how comorbidity impacts the assessment of core symptoms and co-occurring problem behaviors in children with ASD. The present study evaluated the rates of comorbid symptoms in children with ASD and children with anxiety disorders. Participants included 29 children with ASD, 25 children with anxiety disorders, and 31 children with no psychological disorder who served as the control group. Commonly co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed with the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Children (ASD-CC). Multivariate and univariate main effect analyses with post-hoc comparisons were conducted on seven symptom subscales (tantrum behaviors, repetitive behaviors, worry/depressed symptoms, avoidant behaviors, under-eating, overeating, and conduct problems). Children with ASD evinced higher rates of comorbid symptoms than children with anxiety disorders. Additionally, both children with ASD and those with anxiety disorders exhibited more comorbid symptoms than children in the control group. Our findings support the importance of conducting broadband assessments for comorbid symptoms when evaluating children with atypical development. Implications of these findings will be discussed in the context of previous research. C1 [Tureck, Kim; Matson, Johnny L.; May, Anna; Whiting, Sara E.; Davis, Thompson E., III] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Tureck, K (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10882-013-9342-4 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AA3DQ UT WOS:000330973500002 ER PT J AU Greenberg, AL Tomaino, ME Charlop, MH AF Greenberg, Alissa L. Tomaino, Melaura Erickson Charlop, Marjorie H. TI Adapting the Picture Exchange Communication System to Elicit Vocalizations in Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; Picture Exchange Communication System; Speech; Time-delay ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SPEECH DEVELOPMENT; TIME-DELAY; RESPONSE EFFORT; PECS; BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOLERS; DISABILITIES; METAANALYSIS; INDIVIDUALS AB Little is known about the relationship between PECS training and vocalizations in children with limited verbal abilities (e.g., children who are unable to verbally imitate simple phrases). Study 1 used a multiple baseline design across children to examine the vocalizations of four children with autism during and after PECS training. At follow-up, three of the participants demonstrated higher frequencies of vocalizations than at baseline. Further, two of these participants used both PECS and vocalizations to mand at different times, but did not pair the two modalities. Study 2 was then conducted to determine if children with limited verbal abilities could be taught to pair PECS with spontaneous vocalizations using time-delay and verbal prompting procedures. By the end of Study 2, both participants made a spontaneous vocalization every time that they used PECS. Findings support the potential use of PECS as a component of a treatment package leading to verbal speech. C1 [Greenberg, Alissa L.; Tomaino, Melaura Erickson] Claremont Grad Univ, Sch Behav & Org Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Greenberg, Alissa L.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. [Tomaino, Melaura Erickson] Beacon Day Sch, La Palma, CA USA. [Charlop, Marjorie H.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Greenberg, AL (reprint author), Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, 187 West Schrock Rd, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. EM alissa.greenberg@nationwidechildrens.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anderson A, 2007, BEHAV CHANGE, V24, P173, DOI 10.1375/bech.24.3.173 Bondy A. 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De Nadai, Alessandro S. Lewin, Adam B. Phares, Vicky Murphy, Tanya K. Storch, Eric A. TI Inter-rater Reliability of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV in High-Functioning Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Reliability; Inter-rater agreement; Parent and child interview; Anxiety disorder interview schedule; Anxiety; Autism spectrum disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; MULTIPLE INFORMANT AGREEMENT; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; COMORBID ANXIETY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AGE-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN AB The present study examined inter-rater agreement on the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule DSM-IV Child and Parent Interview (ADIS-IV-C/P) in high-functioning youth with autism spectrum disorder and if age and ASD diagnosis moderated agreement. Diagnoses established for 70 7 to 16-year-old youth with ASD during a live administration of the ADIS-IV-C/P were compared to diagnoses identified by a second rater after listening to audiotaped recordings of the interviews. Clinician-to-clinician agreement on individual parent and child reports was excellent (k = 1.00). Inter-rater agreement on principal diagnoses (k = 0.91), individual anxiety diagnoses (k = 0.85-0.97), and other comorbid diagnoses (i.e., major depressive disorder, dysthymia, oppositional defiant disorder) (k = 0.89-1.00) were excellent; agreement did not differ as a function of ASD diagnosis or age. Results suggest good to excellent inter-rater agreement for disorders assessed by the ADIS-IV-C/P. C1 [Ung, Danielle; De Nadai, Alessandro S.; Phares, Vicky] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Arnold, Elysse B.; Lewin, Adam B.; Murphy, Tanya K.; Storch, Eric A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. 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Individually, these systems have been implicated in the neuropathology of many CNS disorders and collectively they form an important bidirectional pathway of communication between the microbiota and the brain in health and disease. Regulation of the microbiome-brain-gut axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, including that of the CNS. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that commensal organisms within the gut play a role in early programming and later responsivity of the stress system. Research has focused on how the microbiota communicates with the CNS and thereby influences brain function. The routes of this communication are not fully elucidated but include neural, humoral, immune and metabolic pathways. This view is underpinned by studies in germ-free animals and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotics which indicate a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of mood, cognition, pain and obesity. 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Genome PD FEB PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 49 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s00335-013-9488-5 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AA3GH UT WOS:000330980400007 PM 24281320 ER PT J AU Huang, TN Chuang, HC Chou, WH Chen, CY Wang, HF Chou, SJ Hsueh, YP AF Huang, Tzyy-Nan Chuang, Hsiu-Chun Chou, Wen-Hsi Chen, Chiung-Ya Wang, Hsiao-Fang Chou, Shen-Ju Hsueh, Yi-Ping TI Tbr1 haploinsufficiency impairs amygdalar axonal projections and results in cognitive abnormality SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; BRACHYURY; AXONIN-1; NEURONS; COMPLEX; CORTEX; GENES AB The neuron-specific transcription factor T-box brain 1 (TBR1) regulates brain development. Disruptive mutations in the TBR1 gene have been repeatedly identified in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here, we show that Tbr1 haploinsufficiency results in defective axonal projections of amygdalar neurons and the impairment of social interaction, ultrasonic vocalization, associative memory and cognitive flexibility in mice. Loss of a copy of the Tbr1 gene altered the expression of Ntng1, Cntn2 and Cdh8 and reduced both inter- and intra-amygdalar connections. These developmental defects likely impair neuronal activation upon behavioral stimulation, which is indicated by fewer c-FOS-positive neurons and lack of GRIN2B induction in Tbr1(+/-) amygdalae. We also show that upregulation of amygdalar neuronal activity by local infusion of a partial NMDA receptor agonist, D-cycloserine, ameliorates the behavioral defects of Tbr1(+/-) mice. Our study suggests that TBR1 is important in the regulation of amygdalar axonal connections and cognition. C1 [Huang, Tzyy-Nan; Chuang, Hsiu-Chun; Chou, Wen-Hsi; Chen, Chiung-Ya; Wang, Hsiao-Fang; Hsueh, Yi-Ping] Acad Sinica, Inst Mol Biol, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chuang, Hsiu-Chun; Hsueh, Yi-Ping] Natl Def Med Ctr, Grad Inst Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chou, Shen-Ju] Acad Sinica, Inst Cellular & Organism Biol, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Hsueh, YP (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Mol Biol, Taipei, Taiwan. EM yph@gate.sinica.edu.tw FU National Research Program for Genomic Medicine, National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC99-3112-B-001-020]; Academia Sinica; National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC) [102-2321-B-001-054, 102-2321-B-001-029]; National Science Council (NSC) [102-2811-B-001-060, 102-2811-B-001-037] FX We thank R. Hevner (University of Washington, Seattle) for the Tbr1+/- mice; the Functional and Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center (supported by the National Research Program for Genomic Medicine, National Science Council, Taiwan, NSC99-3112-B-001-020); S.-Y. Tung, the MicroArray Facility and the Bioinformatics Core of the Institute of Molecular Biology and DNA MicroArray Core Facility of the Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica; J. Kung and Animal Facility of Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica; C.-Y. Chang, W-R. Wong and C.-W. Tsai for technical assistance; C. Cepko for pCAG-GFP; and M. Loney for English editing. This work was supported by Academia Sinica and the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC 102-2321-B-001-054 and 102-2321-B-001-029 to Y.-P.H.). T.-N.H. was supported by National Science Council (NSC 102-2811-B-001-060). C.-Y.C. was also supported by National Science Council (NSC 102-2811-B-001-037). 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Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 17 IS 2 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1038/nn.3626 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AA2FH UT WOS:000330910000018 PM 24441682 ER PT J AU Jeste, SS Geschwind, DH AF Jeste, Shafali S. Geschwind, Daniel H. TI Disentangling the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder through genetic findings SO NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; TREATMENT TRIAL; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; ASSOCIATION; SEIZURES; BEHAVIOR AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders, which presents a substantial challenge to diagnosis and treatment. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the identification of genetic risk factors for ASD that define specific mechanisms and pathways underlying the associated behavioural deficits. 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Rev. Neurol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 10 IS 2 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.278 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AA4JF UT WOS:000331061200007 PM 24468882 ER PT J AU Ecker, C Murphy, D AF Ecker, Christine Murphy, Declan TI Neuroimaging in autism-from basic science to translational research SO NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CORTICAL SURFACE-AREA; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PROGENITOR CELLS; WORKING-MEMORY; BRAIN; ADULTS AB Over the past decade, human neuroimaging studies have provided invaluable insights into the neural substrates that underlie autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although observations from multiple neuroimaging approaches converge in suggesting that changes in brain structure, functioning and connectivity are associated with ASD, the neurobiology of this disorder is complex, and considerable aetiological and phenotypic heterogeneity exists among individuals on the autism spectrum. Characterization of the neurobiological alterations that underlie ASD and development of novel pharmacotherapies for ASD, therefore, requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Consequently, pressure is growing to combine neuroimaging data with information provided by other disciplines to translate research findings into clinically useful biomarkers. So far, however, neuroimaging studies in patients with ASD have mainly been conducted in isolation, and the low specificity of neuroimaging measures has hindered the development of biomarkers that could aid clinical trials and/or facilitate patient identification. Novel approaches to acquiring and analysing data on brain characteristics are currently being developed to overcome these inherent limitations, and to integrate neuroimaging into translational research. Here, we discuss promising new studies of cortical pathology in patients with ASD, and outline how the novel insights thereby obtained could inform diagnosis and treatment of ASD in the future. C1 [Ecker, Christine; Murphy, Declan] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Sackler Inst Translat Neurodev, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Ecker, C (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Sackler Inst Translat Neurodev, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, PO50,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM christine.ecker@kcl.ac.uk RI Ecker, Christine/E-5194-2010 FU Autism Imaging Multicentre Study Consortium; Medical Research Council UK [G0400061]; European Autism Interventions-A Multicentre Study for Developing New Medications (EU-AIMS); Innovative Medicines Initiative [115300]; European Union; European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies; Autism Speaks; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation FX The authors' work is supported by the Autism Imaging Multicentre Study Consortium, Medical Research Council UK Grant G0400061, and by European Autism Interventions-A Multicentre Study for Developing New Medications (EU-AIMS), which receives support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115300. The latter includes financial contributions from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies (in kind), and from Autism Speaks. We thank the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, and the Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation for their financial support. 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Rev. Neurol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 10 IS 2 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.276 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AA4JF UT WOS:000331061200008 PM 24419683 ER PT J AU Jurecka, A Zikanova, M Jurkiewicz, E Tylki-Szymanska, A AF Jurecka, Agnieszka Zikanova, Marie Jurkiewicz, Elzbieta Tylki-Szymanska, Anna TI Attenuated Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency: A Report of One Case and a Review of the Literature SO NEUROPEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; URINARY IMIDAZOLES; POLISH PATIENTS; CHILDREN; PATIENT; AUTISM; ADSL C1 [Jurecka, Agnieszka] Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Dept Med Genet, PL-04730 Warsaw, Poland. [Jurecka, Agnieszka] Univ Gdansk, Dept Mol Biol, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. [Zikanova, Marie] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Inherited Metab Disorders, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. [Zikanova, Marie] Gen Univ Hosp Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Jurkiewicz, Elzbieta] Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Dept Radiol, MR Unit, PL-04730 Warsaw, Poland. [Tylki-Szymanska, Anna] Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Dept Metab Dis, PL-04730 Warsaw, Poland. RP Jurecka, A (reprint author), Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Al Dzieci Polskich 20, PL-04730 Warsaw, Poland. EM ajurecka@gmail.com FU Czech Science Foundation [P305/12/P419]; Ministry of Education of Czech Republic [LH11031]; Charles University in Prague [UNCE 204011, PRVOUK-P24/LF1/3] FX The biochemical measurements, DNA analysis, and molecular studies were supported by a grant P305/12/P419 from the Czech Science Foundation and grant LH11031 provided by The Ministry of Education of Czech Republic. Institutional support was provided by UNCE 204011 and PRVOUK-P24/LF1/3 programs of the Charles University in Prague. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 221 IS 2954 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA3TE UT WOS:000331014400005 ER PT J AU Hedvall, A Westerlund, J Fernell, E Holm, A Gillberg, C Billstedt, E AF Hedvall, Asa Westerlund, Joakim Fernell, Elisabeth Holm, Anette Gillberg, Christopher Billstedt, Eva TI Autism and developmental profiles in preschoolers: stability and change over time SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE Adaptive function; Autism spectrum disorder; Cognitive ability; Developmental profiles; Preschool children ID DISORDERS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; SYMPTOMS; AGE AB AimIncreasing numbers of young children are now being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to analyse developmental trajectories in a representative group of preschool children with ASD. MethodIn a naturalistic study, 208 preschool children with different subtypes of ASD were followed over a 2-year period. Their trajectories, as regards persistence of ASD diagnoses, developmental/intellectual levels, adaptive functioning and expressive speech, were monitored. ResultsDevelopmental profiles showed considerable change over time, especially in children with atypical autism and in those with developmental delay/borderline intellectual functioning at their first assessment. Approximately 50% of the children were found to have intellectual disability (ID) at follow-up and, of these, the majority had severe ID. This was in contrast to the first assessment by the referral team when ID had rarely been mentioned or discussed. ConclusionChanges in developmental profiles during preschool years are common in children with ASD. This implies that reassessments, covering different developmental areas, are needed. Such follow-up assessments prior to the start of school will yield a more valid estimation of the child's general cognitive level and a more accurate ASD diagnosis and thus form a better basis for realistic educational planning and intervention. C1 [Hedvall, Asa; Fernell, Elisabeth; Gillberg, Christopher; Billstedt, Eva] Sahlgrens Acad, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hedvall, Asa; Holm, Anette] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Psychol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Westerlund, Joakim] Stockholm Univ, Dept Psychol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Fernell, Elisabeth] Skaraborgs Hosp, Ctr Res & Dev, Skovde, Sweden. RP Hedvall, A (reprint author), Sahlgrens Acad, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM asa.lundholm-hedvall@gnc.gu.se FU Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg; Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation FX The authors are grateful to parents and children participating in the study and to personnel at the Autism Centre for Young Children. We are also much indebted to psychologist Ingrid Adolfsson for her work in the initial part of the study. Financial support was given from the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg and the Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 103 IS 2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1111/apa.12455 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 304CJ UT WOS:000330723200019 PM 24237479 ER PT J AU Homme, KG Kern, JK Haley, BE Geier, DA King, PG Sykes, LK Geier, MR AF Homme, Kristin G. Kern, Janet K. Haley, Boyd E. Geier, David A. King, Paul G. Sykes, Lisa K. Geier, Mark R. TI New science challenges old notion that mercury dental amalgam is safe SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Review DE Mercury; Dental amalgam; Porphyrins; Chronic mercury toxicity ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; INORGANIC MERCURY; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; POLYMORPHISMS; AUTISM AB Mercury dental amalgam has a long history of ostensibly safe use despite its continuous release of mercury vapor. Two key studies known as the Children's Amalgam Trials are widely cited as evidence of safety. However, four recent reanalyses of one of these trials now suggest harm, particularly to boys with common genetic variants. These and other studies suggest that susceptibility to mercury toxicity differs among individuals based on multiple genes, not all of which have been identified. These studies further suggest that the levels of exposure to mercury vapor from dental amalgams may be unsafe for certain subpopulations. Moreover, a simple comparison of typical exposures versus regulatory safety standards suggests that many people receive unsafe exposures. Chronic mercury toxicity is especially insidious because symptoms are variable and nonspecific, diagnostic tests are often misunderstood, and treatments are speculative at best. Throughout the world, efforts are underway to phase down or eliminate the use of mercury dental amalgam. C1 [Homme, Kristin G.] Int Acad Oral Med & Toxicol, ChampionsGate, FL 33896 USA. [Kern, Janet K.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Kern, Janet K.; Geier, David A.; Geier, Mark R.] Inst Chron Illnesses Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. 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Diaz, David R. Spring, Noah Z. Sheward, Jerry Sculley, Charleen TI Psychiatric Diagnoses and Psychosocial Needs of Outpatient Deaf Children and Adolescents SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Deaf; Children; Adolescents; Diagnosis; Epidemiology ID OF-HEARING CHILDREN; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE TREATMENT; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; PRENATAL RUBELLA; PREVALENCE; PEOPLE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Deaf youth may be more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders but very little research data is available. The current study identified prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders and examined the psychosocial needs and strengths of deaf youth aged 4-17 receiving specialized outpatient mental health services for the deaf. Compared to hearing peers, deaf youth had greater rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct, autism-spectrum and bipolar disorders and spent three times longer in treatment than their hearing peers. In the deaf subsample, moderate-severe risk was found in social functioning (33.3 %) and suicidal behavior (14 %). Deaf youth had moderate to severe impairment in social relationships (54.8 %), school functioning (42.9 %). Over one-third of deaf youth had impaired family relationships, living situation, communication, judgment and physical health. Deaf youth present with higher rates of certain clinical disorders and have deficits in multiple life domains that may impact functioning and create a longer treatment course. C1 [Landsberger, Sarah A.; Diaz, David R.; Spring, Noah Z.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, IU Hlth Neurosci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Sheward, Jerry; Sculley, Charleen] Aspire Indiana Behav Hlth Syst, Noblesville, IN USA. RP Landsberger, SA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, IU Hlth Neurosci Ctr, Goodman Hall,355 W 16th St,2nd Floor, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. 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Hum. Dev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10578-013-0375-9 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 304EO UT WOS:000330730000005 PM 23504290 ER PT J AU Magiati, I Tay, XW Howlin, P AF Magiati, Iliana Tay, Xiang Wei Howlin, Patricia TI Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorders; Outcomes; Adult; Adolescent; Longitudinal; Follow-up ID INFANTILE PSYCHOSIS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENCE; POPULATION; INDIVIDUALS; LIFE AB Background: Although increasing numbers of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are now entering adolescence and adulthood, there is limited research oil outcomes post childhood. A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted. Method: PsycINFO, PubMed, MedLine and CINAHL were systematically searched using keywords related to ASD and adolescent and adult outcomes. Studies of individuals diagnosed with ASD in childhood and followed up into adulthood were identified and reviewed. Only studies with samples sizes >10, mean age at outcome >16 years and at least one previous assessment in childhood (<16 years) were included. Results: Twenty-five studies meeting criteria were identified. Reported outcomes in adulthood were highly variable across studies. Although social functioning, cognitive ability and language skills remained relatively stable in some studies, others reported deterioration over time. Adaptive functioning tended to improve in most studies. Diagnosis of autism or ASD was generally stable, although severity of autism-related behavioural symptom's was often reported to improve. Childhood IQ and early language ability appeared to be the strongest predictors of later outcome, but few studies examined other early variables associated with adult functioning. Discussion: Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to methodological challenges in longitudinal outcome research and future research directions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Magiati, Iliana; Tay, Xiang Wei] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117570, Singapore. [Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Magiati, I (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Blk AS4 02-24,9 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore. 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Psychol. Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.11.002 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 304MX UT WOS:000330752100006 PM 24424351 ER PT J AU Barneveld, PS Swaab, H Fagel, S van Engeland, H de Sonneville, LMJ AF Barneveld, Petra S. Swaab, Hanna Fagel, Selene van Engeland, Herman de Sonneville, Leo M. J. TI Quality of life: A case-controlled long-term follow-up study, comparing young high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorders with adults with other psychiatric disorders diagnosed in childhood SO COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CONDUCT DISORDER; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: Long term outcome in childhood autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was evaluated by studying quality of life (QoL) in young adulthood in comparison to the outcome of other child psychiatric disorders. Methods: In this follow-up study, objective and subjective QoL of 169 high-functioning (IQ > 70) adults with ASD (19 to 30 years) was contrasted with QoL data of age matched adults diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (N = 85), disruptive behaviour disorders (N = 83), and affective disorders (N = 85) during childhood. The mean follow-up period of the ASD patients was 13.9 years. Objective QoL included marital status, living arrangements, level of education, employment, and usage of mental health care. Subjective QoL included satisfaction concerning living arrangements, work or education, physical condition, partner relationship, social relationships, state of mind, and future perspective. Results: QoL was more compromised in adults diagnosed with ASD in childhood than in adults with other psychiatric disorders in childhood. A relatively large proportion of the adults with ASD were single, few lived with a partner or a family and many of them were institutionalized. Adults with ASD had lower educational levels, relatively few had paid employment and many were social security recipients, as compared to the other psychiatric patients. In case the adults with ASD used medication, 47% used anti-psychotics. Regarding the subjective QoL, the adults with ASD were less satisfied about their work or education, partner relationship, and future perspective than the other groups. Even when highly educated adults with ASD were compared to highly educated adults diagnosed with other childhood disorders, the QoL appeared to be more disadvantageous in adults with ASD. Conclusion: Many studies have shown that QoL is threatened in psychiatric patients, but findings of this study indicate that young high-functioning adults diagnosed with ASD in childhood are at relatively high risk for poor QoL compared to other childhood psychiatric disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barneveld, Petra S.; Swaab, Hanna; Fagel, Selene; de Sonneville, Leo M. J.] Leiden Univ, Dept Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. [Swaab, Hanna; de Sonneville, Leo M. J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. [van Engeland, Herman] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Barneveld, PS (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Fac Social Sci, Dept Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. 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Psychiat. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 55 IS 2 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.001 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 301SA UT WOS:000330551200009 PM 24290884 ER PT J AU Gan, SM Tung, LC Yeh, CH Chang, HY Wang, CH AF Gan, Shu-Mei Tung, Li-Chen Yeh, Chyong-Hwa Chang, Hsiao-Yun Wang, Chun-Hou TI The ICF-CY-based structural equation model of factors associated with participation in children with autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Autism; children; ICF-CY; participation; structural equation model (SEM) ID FOLLOW-UP; SPECTRUM DISORDER; FIT INDEXES; CLASSIFICATION; DISABILITIES; ADULTS; YOUTH; ADOLESCENTS; IMPAIRMENT; ENGAGEMENT AB Objective: The aim of this study was to apply the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - Child and Youth (ICF-CY) framework to identify the factors related to the participation of children with autism. Method: A convenience sample included 162 preschool children with autism ages 36 to 72 months. The raters collected data using the ICF-CY-based questionnaire as an instrument to construct the structural equation modeling of factors associated with participation. Results: The internal structure of the model was acceptable, indicating that the observed variables would suffice in accounting for latent variables. The structural model showed that the performance of participation in children with autism was influenced by body functions and personal factors. All the variables accounted for 77% of the explained variance for activities and for participation by 71% of the children with autism. Conclusion: These findings may provide critical information pertaining to predictive factors of participation for parents, educators, and professionals who work with children with autism. C1 [Gan, Shu-Mei] Hungkuang Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Taichung, Taiwan. [Tung, Li-Chen] Chi Mei Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Tainan, Taiwan. [Yeh, Chyong-Hwa] Natl Changhua Univ Educ, Dept & Grad Inst Special Educ, Changhua, Taiwan. [Chang, Hsiao-Yun; Wang, Chun-Hou] Chung Shan Med Univ, Sch Phys Therapy, Taichung 402, Taiwan. [Wang, Chun-Hou] Chung Shan Med Univ Hosp, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Wang, CH (reprint author), Chung Shan Med Univ, Sch Phys Therapy, 110,Sec 1,Jianguo N Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan. 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N., 2004, SOCIAL SUPPORT PHYS Van Bourgondien ME, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1022931224934 van Lang NDJ, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01434.x World Health Organization (WHO), 2007, INT CLASS FUNCT DIS NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1751-8423 EI 1751-8431 J9 DEV NEUROREHABIL JI Dev. Neurorehabil. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.3109/17518423.2013.835357 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 302FZ UT WOS:000330589100003 PM 24087923 ER PT J AU Marschik, PB Bartl-Pokorny, KD Tager-Flusberg, H Kaufmann, WE Pokorny, F Grossmann, T Windpassinger, C Petek, E Einspieler, C AF Marschik, Peter B. Bartl-Pokorny, Katrin D. Tager-Flusberg, Helen Kaufmann, Walter E. Pokorny, Florian Grossmann, Tobias Windpassinger, Christian Petek, Erwin Einspieler, Christa TI Three different profiles: Early socio-communicative capacities in typical Rett syndrome, the preserved speech variant and normal development SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Communication impairment; family videos; preserved speech variant; Rett syndrome; socio-communicative development; video analysis ID GIRLS; AUTISM AB Background and aims: This is the first study aiming to compare pre-diagnostic sociocommunicative development of a female with typical Rett syndrome (RTT), a female with the preserved speech variant of RTT (PSV) and a control toddler. Methods: We analysed 1275 min of family videos at the participants' age between 9 and 24 months and used the Inventory of Potential Communicative Acts (IPCA) to delineate their repertoires of communicative forms and functions. Results: The results revealed different profiles for the three different conditions. The repertoire of communicative gestures and (pre) linguistic vocalizations was most comprehensive in the control toddler, followed by the female with PSV and the female with RTT. Conclusion: These findings contribute to the growing knowledge about early developmental abnormalities in RTT. In order to define distinctive profiles for typical and atypical RTT and evaluate their specificity, a larger body of evidence is needed. C1 [Marschik, Peter B.; Bartl-Pokorny, Katrin D.; Pokorny, Florian; Einspieler, Christa] Med Univ Graz, Ctr Physiol Med, Inst Physiol, Res Unit iDN Interdisciplinary Dev Neurosci IN Sp, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Tager-Flusberg, Helen] Boston Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Grossmann, Tobias] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Leipzig, Germany. [Windpassinger, Christian; Petek, Erwin] Med Univ Graz, Inst Human Genet, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Marschik, PB (reprint author), Med Univ Graz, Ctr Physiol Med, Inst Physiol, Harrachgasse 21-5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM peter.marschik@medunigraz.at FU Austrian Science Fund [P25241]; COST Action [BM1004]; Lanyar Foundation [P325, P337, P374)]; Country of Styria FX The study was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; P25241), COST Action BM1004, Country of Styria, and the Lanyar Foundation (P325, P337, P374). 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Neurorehabil. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.3109/17518423.2013.837537 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 302FZ UT WOS:000330589100004 PM 24088025 ER PT J AU Goldin, RL Matson, JL Beighley, JS Jang, JN AF Goldin, Rachel L. Matson, Johnny L. Beighley, Jennifer S. Jang, Jina TI Autism spectrum disorder severity as a predictor of Battelle Developmental Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-2) scores in toddlers SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE ASD; Battelle Developmental Inventory; Second Edition (BDI-2); symptom severity ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; INFANT SCREEN; COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; TRAITS BISCUIT; YOUNG-ADULTS; PDD-NOS; CHILDREN; SKILLS AB Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomology and scores on the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-2) in toddlers (n = 325). Methods: Total scores on the BDI-2 and individual domain scores were examined to explore the relationship between severity of ASD and developmental quotient, impairment in personal-social skills, adaptive functioning, cognition, and communication. Results: Regression analyses controlled for the impact of age and IQ on results, indicating that higher autism severity scores were associated with overall greater impairment and in the total scores and the individual domains of the BDI-2. The domains were found to be differentially affected by severity of ASD. Conclusion: These findings suggest severity of ASD may influence symptom presentation. Clinical implications of study findings are discussed. C1 [Goldin, Rachel L.; Matson, Johnny L.; Beighley, Jennifer S.; Jang, Jina] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Goldin, RL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rgoldi3@lsu.edu CR Alfonso V. 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Neurorehabil. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.3109/17518423.2013.839585 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 302FZ UT WOS:000330589100005 PM 24088047 ER PT J AU Vivanti, G Trembath, D Dissanayake, C AF Vivanti, Giacomo Trembath, David Dissanayake, Cheryl TI Atypical monitoring and responsiveness to goal-directed gaze in autism spectrum disorder SO EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Action prediction; Goal understanding; Eye-tracking; Eye movements ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; INTENTIONS; OTHERS; MECHANISMS; COGNITION; ORIGINS AB We hypothesized that difficulty in understanding the goals of others' actions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be linked to a diminished attention and responsivity to relevant social cues. Using an eye-tracking paradigm, we investigated how 24 children with ASD and 24 matched children without ASD responded to the observation of uncompleted actions without a clear target (neutral condition) versus a condition in which the actor's gaze direction indicated the target of the actions (head-turning condition). Children without ASD significantly increased their attention to the actor's face and to the action's target in the head-turning condition compared to the neutral condition, while this was not the case in the ASD group. Overall, our findings suggest a diminished monitoring and responsivity to social cues signalling goal-directedness, which might impact on the ability to understand other's action goals in young children with ASD. C1 [Vivanti, Giacomo; Trembath, David; Dissanayake, Cheryl] La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. 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Brain Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 232 IS 2 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.1007/s00221-013-3777-9 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AA0GG UT WOS:000330773000032 PM 24292493 ER PT J AU Bailey, DB Lewis, MA Roche, M Powell, CM AF Bailey, Donald B., Jr. Lewis, Megan A. Roche, Myra Powell, Cynthia M. TI Family Relations in the Genomic Era: Communicating about Intergenerational Transmission of Risk for Disability SO FAMILY RELATIONS LA English DT Article DE disability; genetic testing; carrier; families ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; DECISION AID; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; GENETIC INFORMATION; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN; CARRIERS; DEAFNESS AB Interest in the familial aspects of disability has heightened in recent years. Three forms of disabilityhearing loss, Fragile X syndrome, and autism spectrum disordersare used here to illustrate the complex and rapidly evolving understanding of the meaning and nature of heritability and carrier status for disability. The authors raise six questions to address if the promise of genomic research leads to real benefits for families: (a) Is the public interested in carrier testing? (b) Who is responsible for carrier testing? (c) Is the public prepared to use genomic information? (d) Should genomic testing or information about testing be tailored to specific audiences or target populations? (e) What strategies can be used to enable informed decision-making? (f) How will carrier testing affect family relationships and communication patterns? These and other factors will require a comprehensive analysis of the individual and societal implications for family relations in the genomic era. C1 [Bailey, Donald B., Jr.; Lewis, Megan A.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Roche, Myra; Powell, Cynthia M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Roche, Myra; Powell, Cynthia M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. 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Relat. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 63 IS 1 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1111/fare.12054 PG 16 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 302YU UT WOS:000330642000007 ER PT J AU Wong, JD Mailick, MR Greenberg, JS Hong, J Coe, CL AF Wong, Jen D. Mailick, Marsha R. Greenberg, Jan S. Hong, Jinkuk Coe, Christopher L. TI Daily Work Stress and Awakening Cortisol in Mothers of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders or Fragile X Syndrome SO FAMILY RELATIONS LA English DT Article DE working mothers; work stress; health; cortisol ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SALIVARY CORTISOL; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; DIURNAL CORTISOL; CHILDHOOD ABUSE; JOB STRAIN; CHILDREN; PARENTS; HEALTH AB The effect of daily work stress on the next morning's awakening cortisol level was determined in a sample of 124 mothers (M age=49.89, SD = 6.33) of adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities and compared to 115 mothers (M age=46.19, SD = 7.08) of individuals without disabilities. Mothers participated in 8days of diary telephone interviews and provided saliva samples. Multilevel models revealed that mothers of individuals with developmental disabilities had lower awakening cortisol levels than comparison mothers. Work stress interacted with parental status to predict the awakening cortisol level on the following morning. When mothers of individuals with developmental disabilities experienced a work stressor, their awakening cortisol level was significantly higher on the subsequent morning, but for comparison mothers, work stressors were not significantly associated with cortisol level. Findings extend understanding of the differential impacts of specific types of stressors on physiological functioning of mothers of individuals with and without developmental disabilities. C1 [Wong, Jen D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mailick, Marsha R.; Greenberg, Jan S.; Hong, Jinkuk] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. 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Relat. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 63 IS 1 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1111/fare.12055 PG 13 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 302YU UT WOS:000330642000010 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JM Morris, RD AF Fletcher, Jack M. Morris, Robin D. TI Reading, Laterality, and the Brain: Early Contributions on Reading Disabilities by Sara S. Sparrow SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Reading disabilities; Laterality; Maturational lag; Sara S. Sparrow ID DYSLEXIA; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; ACHIEVEMENT; SKILLS AB Although best known for work with children and adults with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, training in speech pathology and a doctorate in clinical psychology and neuropsychology was the foundation for Sara Sparrow's long-term interest in reading disabilities. Her first papers were on dyslexia and laterality, and the maturational lag theory of developmental dyslexia proposed with Paul Satz, her mentor. 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S., 1969, P 77 ANN CONV AM P 2 SPARROW SS, 1969, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V1, P270 SPARROW SS, 1983, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V53, P721 Sparrow SS, 2005, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Stanovich K. E., 2000, PROGR UNDERSTANDING Taylor H. G., 1979, READING RES Q, V1, P84 Vellutino F. R., 1979, DYSLEXIA THEORY RES NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1273-2 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500002 PM 21594745 ER PT J AU Green, SA Carter, AS AF Green, Shulamite A. Carter, Alice S. TI Predictors and Course of Daily Living Skills Development in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Daily living skills; Adaptive behavior; Parenting stress ID CHILDREN; BEHAVIORS; AGE; COMMUNICATION; STRESS; IQ AB Self-sufficiency is central to child and family well-being. This report focuses on predictors of adaptive daily living skills (DLS) development in young children with ASD and whether DLS gains predict decreases in parenting stress. Participants were 162 toddlers with ASD and their parents, assessed at 3 annual timepoints. Hierarchical Linear Models showed that age, DQ, and autism symptom severity uniquely predicted initial DLS and DLS growth. Child problem behaviors predicted initial DLS only. DLS was associated with change in parenting stress above and beyond DQ, autism symptom severity, and problem behaviors. Children with lower IQ and more severe symptoms showed slower DLS gains. Given its relation to parenting stress, DLS are an important intervention target in young children with ASD. C1 [Green, Shulamite A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Carter, Alice S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Carter, AS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM alice.carter@umb.edu CR Abidin RR, 1995, PARENTING STRESS IND Briggs-Gowan M., 2006, BRIEF INFANT TODDLER Carpentieri S, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P611, DOI 10.1007/BF02172350 de Bildt A, 2005, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V49, P672, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00711.x Estes A, 2009, AUTISM, V13, P375, DOI 10.1177/1362361309105658 Freeman BJ, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P379, DOI 10.1023/A:1023078827457 Gilham J. 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W., 2002, HIERARCHICAL LINEAR, V2nd Risi S, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P1094, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000227880.42780.0e SCHATZ J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02178167 Siller M, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P77, DOI 10.1023/A:1014884404276 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Sutera S, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P98, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0340-6 Tomanik S, 2004, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V29, P16, DOI 10.1080/13668250410001662892 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P627, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00020 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1275-0 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500003 PM 21598046 ER PT J AU Paul, R Loomis, R Chawarska, K AF Paul, Rhea Loomis, Rebecca Chawarska, Katarzyna TI Adaptive Behavior in Toddlers Under Two with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Adaptive behavior; Toddlers ID HIGHER FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS; DOWN-SYNDROME; COMMUNICATION ABILITIES; FOLLOW-UP; 2ND YEAR; CHILDREN; VINELAND; DISABILITIES; PROFILES; PATTERNS AB The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale was administered to 54 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before age 2, and a matching group of 18 toddlers with developmental delay (DD). The group with ASD was more impaired on all scales of the Vineland than DD peers. When 18 ASD/DD pairs very closely matched on age, verbal and nonverbal development were selected, differences were found only on Vineland Receptive Communication and Daily Living. Correlation analyses to explore connection of these areas of difference with cognition and autistic symptoms suggested that Vineland Daily Living scores were significantly correlated with nonverbal ability and with ADOS total algorithm scores. Vineland Receptive Communication scores correlated significantly only with ADOS total algorithms. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Paul, Rhea; Loomis, Rebecca; Chawarska, Katarzyna] Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Paul, R (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, 40 Temple St 7D, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM rhea.paul@yale.edu CR American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Carter AS, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P287, DOI 10.1023/A:1026056518470 Chawarska K, 2009, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V50, P1235, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02101.x Chawarska K, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P128, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01685.x Chawarska K., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V1, P223 FREEMAN BJ, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P428, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00008 Gillham JE, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P269, DOI 10.1023/A:1005571115268 Griffith GM, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P610, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0906-1 Howlin P., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V1, P201 JACOBSON JW, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02284719 Joseph RM, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P807, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00092 Kenworthy L, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P416, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0911-4 KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x Klin A, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P748, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0229-4 Liss M, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P219, DOI 10.1023/A:1010707417274 Lord C, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P694, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.694 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x LOVELAND KA, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P13 Mazefsky CA, 2008, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V36, P591, DOI 10.1007/s10802-007-9202-8 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY Paul R, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P1350, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/094) Paul R., 2008, PERSPECTIVES LANGUAG, V15, P101, DOI 10.1044/lle15.3.101 Paul R, 2008, AUTISM RES, V1, P97, DOI 10.1002/aur.12 Paul R., 2007, LANGUAGE DISORDERS D, P163 Perry A, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1066, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0704-9 RODRIGUE JR, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02284759 Saulnier CA, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P788, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0288-6 SCHATZ J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02178167 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Sparrow SS, 2005, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Stone WL, 1999, AM J MENT RETARD, V104, P187, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(1999)104<0187:POABIV>2.0.CO;2 Sutera S, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P98, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0340-6 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 Weismer SE, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P1259, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-0983-1 Wetherby AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P960, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0237-4 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1279-9 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500004 PM 21573835 ER PT J AU Ventola, P Saulnier, CA Steinberg, E Chawarska, K Klin, A AF Ventola, Pamela Saulnier, Celine A. Steinberg, Elizabeth Chawarska, Katarzyna Klin, Ami TI Early-Emerging Social Adaptive Skills in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Item Analysis SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Adaptive behavior; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales; Item analysis; Early emerging social skills; Toddler social development ID HIGHER FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR SCALES; COMMUNICATION ABILITIES; LISTENING PREFERENCES; COGNITIVE-ABILITIES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ADI-R; CHILDREN; VINELAND AB Individuals with ASD have significant impairments in adaptive skills, particularly adaptive socialization skills. The present study examined the extent to which 20 items from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Socialization Domain differentiated between ASD and developmentally delayed (DD) groups. Participants included 108 toddlers with ASD or DD under the age of 3 years. Nine of the 20 items significantly distinguished the groups. The ASD group demonstrated significantly weaker socialization skills, including deficits in basic social behaviors. The results support the notion that (a) socialization deficits in ASD impact foundational social skills typically emerging in the first year of life, (b) examination of specific social adaptive behaviors contribute to differential diagnosis, and (c) foundational social behaviors should be targeted for intervention. C1 [Ventola, Pamela; Saulnier, Celine A.; Steinberg, Elizabeth; Chawarska, Katarzyna; Klin, Ami] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Ventola, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 South Frontage Rd,POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1278-x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500006 PM 21567256 ER PT J AU Dykens, EM AF Dykens, Elisabeth M. TI Leisure Activities in Prader-Wlli Syndrome: Implications for Health, Cognition and Adaptive Functioning SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Prader-Willi syndrome; Adaptive behavior; Recreation; Obesity; Cognition ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WILLI-SYNDROME; GENETIC SUBTYPES; COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; JIGSAW PUZZLE; PEOPLE; CHILDREN; TELEVISION; EXERCISE AB Although hyperphagia and compulsivity in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are well described, recreation and adaptive skills are relatively unexplored. Parents of 123 participants with PWS (4-48 years) completed measures of their child's adaptive, recreation, and problem behaviors. Offspring received cognitive testing. Watching TV was the most frequent recreational activity, and was associated with compulsivity and skin picking. BMIs were negatively correlated with physical play, and highest in those who watched TV and played computer games. Computer games and physical activities were associated with higher IQ and adaptive scores. People with PWS and other disabilities need to watch less TV and be more engaged in physical activities, games, and leisure pursuits that are fun, and may bring cognitive or adaptive advantages. C1 [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Dykens, EM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, 230 Appleton Pl,Peabody Box 40, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10803-012-1462-7 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500007 PM 22484792 ER PT J AU Cicchetti, DV AF Cicchetti, Domenic V. TI On Scales of Measurement in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Beyond: Where Smitty Went Wrong SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Scales; Measurement; ASD ID INTRACLASS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DISCRIMINATING POWER; WEIGHTED KAPPA; RATING-SCALES; RELIABILITY; AGREEMENT; CATEGORIES; NUMBER AB The author examined critically three beliefs of S.S. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10803-012-1486-z PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500008 PM 22359180 ER PT J AU van Rijn, S Stockmann, L Borghgraef, M Bruining, H van Ravenswaaij-Arts, C Govaerts, L Hansson, K Swaab, H AF van Rijn, Sophie Stockmann, Lex Borghgraef, Martine Bruining, Hilgo van Ravenswaaij-Arts, Conny Govaerts, Lutgarde Hansson, Kerstin Swaab, Hanna TI The Social Behavioral Phenotype in Boys and Girls with an Extra X Chromosome (Klinefelter Syndrome and Trisomy X): A Comparison with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Klinefelter; Trisomy X; Autism; Social functioning; X chromosome; Sex chromosomal aneuploidies ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; TRAITS; ADULTS; 47,XXY; XYY; MEN; XXY AB The present study aimed to gain more insight in the social behavioral phenotype, and related autistic symptomatology, of children with an extra X chromosome in comparison to children with ASD. Participants included 60 children with an extra X chromosome (34 boys with Klinefelter syndrome and 26 girls with Trisomy X), 58 children with ASD and 106 controls, aged 9 to 18 years. We used the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Social Responsiveness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale and Social Skills Rating System. In the extra X group, levels of social dysfunction and autism symptoms were increased, being in between controls and ASD. In contrast to the ASD group, the extra X group showed increased social anxiety. The effects were similar for boys and girls with an extra X chromosome. C1 [van Rijn, Sophie; Stockmann, Lex; Swaab, Hanna] Leiden Univ, NL-2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands. [van Rijn, Sophie; Swaab, Hanna] Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. [Stockmann, Lex] Autism Ctr Rivierduinen, NL-2333 ZZ Leiden, Netherlands. [Borghgraef, Martine] Univ Hosp Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Bruining, Hilgo] Univ Utrecht, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Psychiat, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Ravenswaaij-Arts, Conny] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Genet, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. [Govaerts, Lutgarde] Erasmus MC, Dept Clin Genet, NL-3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hansson, Kerstin] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, LDGA, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. RP van Rijn, S (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Wassenaarseweg 52, NL-2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands. 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The purpose of this review is to analyze the basis of this assumption by examining the comparative studies between Asperger's disorder (AsD) and autistic disorder (AD), and between pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) and AD. In all, 125 studies compared AsD with AD. Of these, 30 studies concluded that AsD and AD were similar conditions while 95 studies found quantitative and qualitative differences between them. Likewise, 37 studies compared PDDNOS with AD. Nine of these concluded that PDDNOS did not differ significantly from AD while 28 reported quantitative and qualitative differences between them. Taken together, these findings do not support the conceptualization of AD, AsD and PDDNOS as a single category of ASD. Irrespective of the changes proposed by the DSM-5, future research and clinical practice will continue to find ways to meaningfully subtype the ASD. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1870-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500010 PM 23807202 ER PT J AU Semrud-Clikeman, M Fine, JG Bledsoe, J AF Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret Fine, Jodene Goldenring Bledsoe, Jesse TI Comparison Among Children with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nonverbal Learning Disorder and Typically Developing Children on Measures of Executive Functioning SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High functioning autism; Nonverbal learning disability; Executive function; Visual sequencing; Cognitive flexibility ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION MEASURE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ATTENTION; PERFORMANCE; DYSFUNCTION; COMMUNICATION; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS AB It has been suggested that children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) or Asperger's Syndrome (AS) may show difficulties with executive functioning. There were 3 groups in this study who completed a neuropsychological battery of visual-spatial, executive functioning, and reasoning tasks; AS (n = 37), NLD (n = 31), and controls (n = 40). Results indicated that children in both clinical groups scored within average limits on measures of spatial reasoning and verbal ability. Fluid reasoning was also found to be within average ranges for all groups. The AS group experienced significant problems with cognitive flexibility compared to the other two groups. In contrast the NLD group showed fewer difficulties with cognitive flexibility but more problems with visual sequencing. These findings suggest that performance on executive function measures for children with AS or NLD is remarkably similar with subtle differences present. C1 [Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fine, Jodene Goldenring] Michigan State Univ, Dept Counseling Sch Psychol & Special Educ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. 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W., 2001, WOODCOCKJOHNSON 3 TE Wright SB, 2008, FRONT HUM NEUROSCI, V1, P1 NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1871-2 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500011 PM 23812759 ER PT J AU Sperduti, M Pieron, M Leboyer, M Zalla, T AF Sperduti, Marco Pieron, Marie Leboyer, Marion Zalla, Tiziana TI Altered Pre-reflective Sense of Agency in Autism Spectrum Disorders as Revealed by Reduced Intentional Binding SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Sense of agency; Intentional binding; Self; Predictive mechanisms ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MOVEMENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TEMPORAL BINDING; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; TIME PERCEPTION; MOTOR CONTROL; CHILDREN; DEFICIT; INTEGRATION AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions that severely affect social interaction, communication and several behavioural and cognitive functions, such as planning and monitoring motor actions. A renewed interest in intrapersonal cognition has recently emerged suggesting a putative dissociation between impaired declarative processes, such as autobiographical memory, and spared implicit processes, such as the sense of agency (SoA) in ASDs. However, so far only a few studies have investigated the integrity of SoA using tasks exclusively tapping reflective mechanisms. Since pre-reflective processes of SoA are based on the same predictive internal models that are involved in planning and monitoring actions, we hypothesized that pre-reflective aspects of SoA, as measured by the intentional binding effect, would be altered in adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorders, relative to volunteers with typical development. Here, in accordance with our hypothesis, we report reduced IB in participants with ASDs. C1 [Sperduti, Marco] Univ Paris 05, Lab Memory & Cognit, Paris, France. [Sperduti, Marco] Ctr Psychiat & Neurosci, INSERM, U894, F-75014 Paris, France. [Pieron, Marie; Zalla, Tiziana] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Inst Jean Nicod, F-75005 Paris, France. [Leboyer, Marion] French Natl Sci Fdn, Fdn FondaMental, INSERM, Dept Psychiat,U955,IMRB, Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Univ Paris Est Creteil, Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier Hosp, AP HP, Creteil, France. RP Sperduti, M (reprint author), Ctr Psychiat & Neurosci, INSERM, U894, 2 Ter Rue Alesia, F-75014 Paris, France. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1891-y PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500012 PM 23881092 ER PT J AU Estes, A Vismara, L Mercado, C Fitzpatrick, A Elder, L Greenson, J Lord, C Munson, J Winter, J Young, G Dawson, G Rogers, S AF Estes, Annette Vismara, Laurie Mercado, Carla Fitzpatrick, Annette Elder, Lauren Greenson, Jessica Lord, Catherine Munson, Jeffrey Winter, Jamie Young, Gregory Dawson, Geraldine Rogers, Sally TI The Impact of Parent-Delivered Intervention on Parents of Very Young Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Early intervention; Parent; Stress; Autism spectrum disorder; Early Start Denver Model ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; SYNDROME SPECIFICITY; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; SELF-EFFICACY; MENTAL-HEALTH; DOWN-SYNDROME; MOTHERS AB This study investigated the impact of a parent-coaching intervention based on the Early Start Denver Model (P-ESDM) on parenting-related stress and sense of competence. This was part of a multisite, randomized trial comparing P-ESDM (n = 49) with community intervention (n = 49) for children aged 12 and 24 months. The P-ESDM group reported no increase in parenting stress, whereas the Community group experienced an increase over the same 3-month period. Parental sense of competence did not differ. Number of negative life events was a significant predictor of parenting stress and sense of competence across both groups. This suggests that a parent-coaching intervention may help maintain parental adjustment directly after a child is diagnosed with ASD. C1 [Estes, Annette; Greenson, Jessica; Winter, Jamie] Univ Washington, UW Autism Ctr, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Estes, Annette; Elder, Lauren] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vismara, Laurie; Young, Gregory; Rogers, Sally] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Mercado, Carla; Fitzpatrick, Annette] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Lord, Catherine] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Munson, Jeffrey] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dawson, Geraldine] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Estes, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, UW Autism Ctr, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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TI Comparative Efficacy of LEAP, TEACCH and Non-Model-Specific Special Education Programs for Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Comparative effectiveness; Comprehensive treatments; Efficacy; Intervention; LEAP; TEACCH ID COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT MODELS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TODDLERS; OUTCOMES; SCHOOL; COMMITMENT; PHILOSOPHY AB LEAP and TEACCH represent two comprehensive treatment models (CTMs) that have been widely used across several decades to educate young children with autism spectrum disorders. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare high fidelity LEAP (n = 22) and TEACCH (n = 25) classrooms to each other and a control condition (n = 28), in which teachers in high quality special education programs used non-model-specific practices. A total of 198 children were included in data analysis. Across conditions, children's performances improved over time. This study raises issues of the replication of effects for CTMs, and whether having access to a high quality special education program is as beneficial as access to a specific CTM. C1 [Boyd, Brian A.] Univ N Carolina, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hume, Kara] Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [McBee, Matthew T.] E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Alessandri, Michael] Univ Miami, Ctr Autism & Related Disabil, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Alessandri, Michael] Univ Miami, Dept Psychol & Pediat, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Gutierrez, Anibal] Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, University Pk, FL USA. [Johnson, LeAnne] Univ Minnesota, Special Educ Programs, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Sperry, Laurie] Griffith Univ, Sch Arts Educ & Law, Autism Ctr Excellence, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Odom, Samuel L.] Univ N Carolina, FGP Child Dev Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Odom, Samuel L.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Boyd, BA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, 2050 Bondurant Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM brian_boyd@med.unc.edu; kara.hume@unc.edu; mcbeem@etsu.edu; malessandri@psy.miami.edu; anibal.guiterrez@fiu.edu; chaf0032@umn.edu; l.sperry@griffith.edu.au; slodom@unc.edu CR Bodfish J. W., 1999, W CAROLINA CTR RES R Bodfish JW, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P318, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20045 Boyd BA, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1236, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1284-z Burchinal M. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 366 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1877-9 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500014 PM 23812661 ER PT J AU del Rosario, M Gillespie-Lynch, K Johnson, S Sigman, M Hutman, T AF del Rosario, Mithi Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen Johnson, Scott Sigman, Marian Hutman, Ted TI Parent-Reported Temperament Trajectories Among Infant Siblings of Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Temperament; Autism; Parent perception; Infants; Toddlers ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TODDLER TEMPERAMENT; HIGH-RISK; 1ST YEAR; AGE; COMMUNICATION; PERSONALITY; STABILITY; LIFE; OLD AB Temperament atypicalities have been documented in infancy and early development in children who develop autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current study investigates whether there are differences in developmental trajectories of temperament between infants and toddlers with and without ASD. Parents of infant siblings of children with autism completed the Carey Temperament Scales about their child at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. Temperament trajectories of children with ASD reflected increases over time in activity level, and decreasing adaptability and approach behaviors relative to high-risk typically developing (TD) children. This study is the first to compare temperament trajectories between high-risk TD infants and infants subsequently diagnosed with ASD in the developmental window when overt symptoms of ASD first emerge. C1 [del Rosario, Mithi; Johnson, Scott; Sigman, Marian; Hutman, Ted] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Psychol, Staten Isl, NY USA. [Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen; Johnson, Scott] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hutman, Ted] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Hutman, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, 760 Westwood Plaza,Suite 68-237, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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Astrup, Aske Pedersen, Carsten Bocker Obel, Carsten Schendel, Diana E. Schieve, Laura Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Parner, Erik T. TI Urbanicity and Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Risk; Urbanicity; Movement; Diagnosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RISK-FACTORS; COMPREHENSIVE METAANALYSIS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; FAMILY-HISTORY; BIRTH COHORTS; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is for the majority of cases unknown and more studies of risk factors are needed. Geographic variation in ASD occurrence has been observed, and urban residence has been suggested to serve as a proxy for etiologic and identification factors in ASD. We examined the association between urbanicity level and ASD at birth and during childhood. The study used a Danish register-based cohort of more than 800,000 children of which nearly 4,000 children were diagnosed with ASD. We found a dose-response association with greater level of urbanicity and risk of ASD. This association was found for residence at birth as well as residence during childhood. Further, we found an increased risk of ASD in children who moved to a higher level of urbanicity after birth. Also, earlier age of ASD diagnosis in urban areas was observed. While we could not directly examine the specific reasons behind these associations, our results demonstrating particularly strong associations between ASD diagnosis and post-birth migration suggest the influence of identification-related factors such as access to services might have a substantive role on the ASD differentials we observed. C1 [Lauritsen, Marlene B.] Aalborg Univ Hosp, Res Unit Child & Adolescent Psychiat, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. [Lauritsen, Marlene B.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Reg Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Astrup, Aske; Parner, Erik T.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Publ Hlth, Sect Biostat, Aarhus, Denmark. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1875-y PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500016 PM 23807204 ER PT J AU Koh, HC Lim, SH Chan, GJ Lin, MB Lim, HH Choo, SHT Magiati, I AF Koh, Hwan Cui Lim, Si Huan Chan, Gifford Jiguang Lin, Marisa Bilin Lim, Hong Huay Choo, Sylvia Henn Tean Magiati, Iliana TI The Clinical Utility of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers with High Risk 18-48 Month Old Children in Singapore SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Screening; Early identification; M-CHAT; Level 2 screening; High risk children ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS AB The modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) is a tool developed for 16-30 month old children to screen for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is a well-researched tool, but little is known about its utility with Singaporean toddlers and with older children referred for developmental concerns. This study investigated the M-CHAT's performance with 18-30 month old (N = 173) and > 30-48 month old (N = 407) developmentally at-risk Singaporean children, when used with three recommended scoring methods i.e., the total, critical and Best7 scoring methods. The results indicate that the critical and Best7 scoring methods detected most true cases of ASD without inflating the false positive rates in toddlers, and that only the total scoring method performed acceptably for the older children. C1 [Koh, Hwan Cui; Lim, Si Huan; Choo, Sylvia Henn Tean] KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Child Dev, Singapore 229899, Singapore. [Lim, Si Huan; Chan, Gifford Jiguang; Lin, Marisa Bilin; Magiati, Iliana] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1880-1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500017 PM 23812662 ER PT J AU Stichter, JP Laffey, J Galyen, K Herzog, M AF Stichter, Janine P. Laffey, James Galyen, Krista Herzog, Melissa TI iSocial: Delivering the Social Competence Intervention for Adolescents (SCI-A) in a 3D Virtual Learning Environment for Youth with High Functioning Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE 3D virtual learning environments; High functioning autism; Social competence; Distance education ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TREATMENT FIDELITY; WORLDS; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; ENGAGEMENT; EDUCATION; STUDENTS; OUTCOMES AB One consistent area of need for students with autism spectrum disorders is in the area of social competence. However, the increasing need to provide qualified teachers to deliver evidence-based practices in areas like social competence leave schools, such as those found in rural areas, in need of support. Distance education and in particular, 3D Virtual Learning, holds great promise for supporting schools and youth to gain social competence through knowledge and social practice in context. iSocial, a distance education, 3D virtual learning environment implemented the 31-lesson social competence intervention for adolescents across three small cohorts totaling 11 students over a period of 4 months. Results demonstrated that the social competence curriculum was delivered with fidelity in the 3D virtual learning environment. Moreover, learning outcomes suggest that the iSocial approach shows promise for social competence benefits for youth. C1 [Stichter, Janine P.; Laffey, James; Galyen, Krista; Herzog, Melissa] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1885-9 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500019 PM 23877749 ER PT J AU Hessels, RS Hooge, ITC Snijders, TM Kemner, C AF Hessels, Roy S. Hooge, Ignace T. C. Snijders, Tineke M. Kemner, Chantal TI Is There a Limit to the Superiority of Individuals with ASD in Visual Search? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Visual search; Superiority; Perceptual load; Load theory ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; PERCEPTUAL LOAD; ADULTS AB Superiority in visual search for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a well-reported finding. We administered two visual search tasks to individuals with ASD and matched controls. One showed no difference between the groups, and one did show the expected superior performance for individuals with ASD. These results offer an explanation, formulated in terms of load theory. We suggest that there is a limit to the superiority in visual search for individuals with ASD, related to the perceptual load of the stimuli. When perceptual load becomes so high that no additional task-(ir)relevant information can be processed, performance will be based on single stimulus identification, in which no differences between individuals with ASD and controls have been demonstrated. C1 [Hessels, Roy S.; Hooge, Ignace T. C.; Snijders, Tineke M.; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Utrecht, Dept Expt Psychol, Helmholtz Inst, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hessels, Roy S.; Snijders, Tineke M.; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Utrecht, Dept Dev Psychol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Snijders, Tineke M.; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Med Ctr, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Dept Psychiat, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Snijders, Tineke M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1886-8 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500020 PM 23838729 ER PT J AU Mulligan, CK Trauner, DA AF Mulligan, Caitlin K. Trauner, Doris A. TI Incidence and Behavioral Correlates of Epileptiform Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; ASD; Epilepsy; EEG; Behavior ID LANDAU-KLEFFNER-SYNDROME; EEG ABNORMALITIES; EPILEPSY; REGRESSION; CHILDREN; SEIZURES; SLEEP; ADOLESCENTS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with an increased incidence of epilepsy and of epileptiform discharges on electroencephalograms. It is unknown whether epileptiform discharges correlate with symptoms of ASD. We completed a retrospective chart review of 101 patients with ASD who had overnight electroencephalograms. We looked for a relationship between epileptiform abnormalities and diagnosis, history of regression, communication skills, and other features associated with ASD. There was a higher incidence of epileptiform activity in children with stereotypies and aggressive behavior. The incidence of epileptiform abnormalities was significantly lower in Asperger's compared with more severe forms of autism. Results suggest that increasing severity of autistic symptoms may be associated with higher likelihood of epileptiform abnormalities. Whether treatment alters outcome is unknown. C1 [Mulligan, Caitlin K.; Trauner, Doris A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Trauner, Doris A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Trauner, Doris A.] Rady Childrens Hosp San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Trauner, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0935, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1888-6 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500021 PM 23872941 ER PT J AU Rossi, CC Fuentes, J Van de Water, J Amaral, DG AF Rossi, Christy C. Fuentes, Joaquin Van de Water, Judy Amaral, David G. TI Brief Report: Antibodies Reacting to Brain Tissue in Basque Spanish Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Mothers SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Autoantibody; Brain; International ID FETAL-BRAIN; PLASMA AUTOANTIBODIES; ANTIBRAIN ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS; SERUM AB Previous investigations found that a subset of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in California possessed plasma autoantibodies that reacted intensely with brain interneurons or other neural profiles. Moreover, for several cohorts of American women, maternal autoantibody reactivity to specific fetal brain proteins was highly specific to mothers of children with ASD. We sought to determine whether children and their mothers from a regionally specific cohort from the Basque Country of Spain demonstrated similar reactivity. Some children's plasma reacted to interneurons, beaded axons or other neural profiles with no difference in the occurrence of these antibodies in children with or without ASD. Findings on the maternal antibodies confirmed previous research; plasma reactivity to fetal brain a combination of proteins at 37 and 73 kDa or 39 and 73 kDa was found exclusively in mothers of children with ASD. C1 [Rossi, Christy C.; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Rossi, Christy C.; Van de Water, Judy; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Rossi, Christy C.] Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Fuentes, Joaquin] Policlin Guipuzkoa, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Unit, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. [Fuentes, Joaquin] Gautena Autism Soc, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. [Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, NIEHS Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Amaral, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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The purpose of this study was to examine whether symptom severity and/or diagnostic status of preschool-aged children with ASD (N = 201) were similarly categorized on these measures. For half of the sample, children were similarly classified across the four measures, and scores on most measures were correlated, with the exception of the ADOS and SRS-P. While the ADOS, CARS, and SRS are reliable and valid measures, there is some disagreement between measures with regard to child classification and the categorization of autism symptom severity. C1 [Reszka, Stephanie S.; Boyd, Brian A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Allied Hlth, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [McBee, Matthew; Hume, Kara A.; Odom, Samuel L.] Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Reszka, SS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Allied Hlth, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, 321 S Columbia St,Bondurant Hall CB 7122, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1879-7 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500023 PM 23807205 ER PT J AU Weitlauf, AS Gotham, KO Vehorn, AC Warren, ZE AF Weitlauf, Amy S. Gotham, Katherine O. Vehorn, Alison C. Warren, Zachary E. TI Brief Report: DSM-5 "Levels of Support:" A Comment on Discrepant Conceptualizations of Severity in ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Severity; Diagnosis; DSM-5 ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS AB Proposed DSM-5 revisions to the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include a "severity" marker based on degree of impairment. Although qualitative differences between support levels are described, quantitative methods or practice recommendations for differentiating between levels remain undetermined. This leaves the field vulnerable to potential discrepancies between severity categorizations that may have inadvertent service implications. We examined overlap between mild, moderate, and severe impairment classifications based on autism symptoms, cognitive skills, and adaptive functioning in 726 participants (15 months-17 years) with ASD. Participants with mild, moderate, and severe autism symptoms demonstrated varying levels of adaptive and cognitive impairment. These discrepancies highlight the need for a clearly elucidated method of classifying level of support in ASD diagnosis. C1 [Weitlauf, Amy S.; Gotham, Katherine O.; Vehorn, Alison C.; Warren, Zachary E.] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Treatment & Res Inst Autism Spectrum Disorders, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Warren, Zachary E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Warren, Zachary E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Weitlauf, AS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Treatment & Res Inst Autism Spectrum Disorders, 230 Appleton Pl,PMB 74, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM amy.s.weitlauf@vanderbilt.edu CR American Psychatric Association, 2013, DSM 5 FREQ ASK QUEST American Psychatric Association, 2012, DSM 5 DEV AUT DIS American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Bernier R., 2012, SFARI VIEWPOINTS Elliott C., 2007, DIFFERENTIAL ABILITY Goin-Kochel RP, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P439, DOI 10.1177/1362361306066601 Gotham K, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P693, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0674-3 Hus V, 2014, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V44, P2400, DOI 10.1007/s10803-012-1719-1 Kanne SM, 2011, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V41, P1007, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-1126-4 Kaufman A. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 SI SI BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-1882-z PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 302TJ UT WOS:000330627500024 PM 23812664 ER PT J AU Tipton, LA Blacher, J AF Tipton, Leigh Ann Blacher, Jan TI Brief Report: Autism Awareness: Views from a Campus Community SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE College; Community awareness; Attitudes ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; STUDENTS; MEASLES; MUMPS AB This paper reports on a college community's views of the diagnostic characteristics and causes associated with autism spectrum disorders. An anonymous on-line survey of autism knowledge was distributed via campus server university-wide to all undergraduates, graduate students, faculty, and staff. Of the 1,057 surveys completed, 76 % of respondents had more correct answers than neutral and incorrect ones. Respondents who reported that they or someone in their immediate family had autism had significantly more correct responses than other respondents. Demographic variables of respondent sex, age, education, and role at the university independently accounted for significant, though modest, variance in autism knowledge. More accurate and widespread dissemination of information about autism may facilitate a smoother transition for college students who are on the spectrum. C1 [Tipton, Leigh Ann; Blacher, Jan] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Tipton, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM ltipt001@ucr.edu CR Ahearn William H, 2010, Behav Anal Pract, V3, P46 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Boyd B. 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RP Kasari, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM kasari@gseisucla.edu CR [Anonymous], 2005, MENT HLTH POL SERV G Carter AS, 2011, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V52, P741, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02395.x Daniels AM, 2014, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V53, P141, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.002 Kaale A, 2014, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V53, P188, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.019 Kasari C, 2012, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V51, P487, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.019 Landa RJ, 2011, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V52, P13, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02288.x Patterson SY, AM J INTELL IN PRESS Rogers SJ, 2012, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V51, P1052, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.003 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0890-8567 EI 1527-5418 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 133 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.007 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AA0WU UT WOS:000330818900003 PM 24472247 ER PT J AU Daniels, AM Halladay, AK Shih, A Elder, LM Dawson, G AF Daniels, Amy M. Halladay, Alycia K. Shih, Andy Elder, Lauren M. Dawson, Geraldine TI Approaches to Enhancing the Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE age; autism; diagnosis; early detection; screening ID PRIMARY-CARE; CHILD HEALTH; DEVELOPMENTAL SURVEILLANCE; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; PROGRAM; PREVALENCE AB Background: A reliable diagnosis of autism can be made as early as 24 months, yet in many children diagnoses are made much later. A delay in diagnosis translates into a missed opportunity to provide early intervention services and to improve outcomes. The aim of the current study was to review the literature on early detection approaches in primary care and other community settings in the United States. Methods: A search was conducted of the peer-reviewed and gray literature to identify studies published from January 1990 through January 2013 testing approaches to enhance the early detection of autism in community settings in the United States. Results: The search identified 40 studies describing 35 approaches, which were grouped into the following categories: awareness (n = 4), routine screening (n = 21), and practice improvement to enhance screening (n = 10). Awareness approaches were associated with positive changes in knowledge of autism-related topics. Routine screening yielded high or increased rates of screening and referrals; however, few studies assessed the effect of screening on age at diagnosis or services enrollment. Practice improvement approaches resulted in increased screening and referral rates and highlighted the importance of adopting a multipronged approach to enhance early detection. Conclusions: Although studies that tested screening approaches in community settings found positive results, the effectiveness of such efforts on reducing time to diagnosis and services enrollment remains largely untested. The fact that few studies reported outcomes beyond rates of referral indicates the need for enhanced methodological rigor, particularly with respect to length of follow-up and quality of measures used. C1 [Daniels, Amy M.; Halladay, Alycia K.; Shih, Andy; Elder, Lauren M.] Autism Speaks, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Dawson, Geraldine] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Daniels, AM (reprint author), Autism Speaks, 1 East 33rd St,4th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM amy.daniels@autismspeaks.org FU Autism Speaks FX The authors acknowledge Autism Speaks for supporting this work. Autism Speaks has an ongoing collaborative partnership with 211 LA County; however, this does not involve any financial commitments. 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Smith, Lars TI Preschool-Based Social Communication Treatment for Children With Autism: 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; follow-up; language; preschool-based treatment; social communication ID JOINT ATTENTION INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE; PREDICTORS; SPECTRUM; PLAY; COMPETENCE; ENGAGEMENT; DISORDERS AB Objective: This study reports 12-month follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial of preschool-based social communication treatment for young children with autism. Method: A total of 61 children (48 males) with autism, 29 to 60 months of age, had earlier been randomized either to 8 weeks of preschool-based social communication treatment in addition to standard preschool program (n = 34) or to standard preschool program only (n = 27). Significant short-term effects on targeted social communication skills have previously been published. Long-term gains in social communication, language and global social functioning and communication were assessed from video-taped preschool teacher-child and mother-child interactions, Early Social Communication Scales, Reynell Developmental Language Scale, and Social Communication Questionnaire. Results: Compared with those in the control group, the treated children achieved significantly larger improvements in joint attention and joint engagement from baseline to 12-month follow-up. However, no effects were detected on language and global ratings of social functioning and communication. The treatment effect on child initiation of joint attention increased with increasing level of sociability at baseline, whereas nonverbal IQ and expressive language had no moderating effect. Conclusions: This study is the first to show that, similar to specialist-delivered treatment, preschool-based treatment may produce small but possibly clinically important long-term changes in social communication in young children with autism. The treatment did not affect language and global ratings of social functioning and communication. More studies are needed to better understand whether treatment effects may be improved by increasing the intensity and duration of the treatment. Clinical trial registration information-Joint Attention Intervention and Young Children With Autism; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00378157. C1 [Kaale, Anett; Fagerland, Morten W.; Martinsen, Egil W.] Oslo Univ Hosp, N-0424 Oslo, Norway. [Martinsen, Egil W.] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Smith, Lars] Eastern & Southern Norway, Ctr Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Oslo, Norway. RP Kaale, A (reprint author), Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Mental Hlth & Addict, POB 4959 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway. EM anett.kaale@r-bup.no FU South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority [2005069]; Oslo University Hospital; Regional Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health; East and South Norway; Regional Resource Center for Autism; Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD); Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy FX This study was supported by grants (no. 2005069) from South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Oslo University Hospital, Regional Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, East and South Norway, and Regional Resource Center for Autism, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.019 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AA0WU UT WOS:000330818900009 PM 24472253 ER PT J AU Holmboe, K Rijsdijk, FV Hallett, V Happe, F Plomin, R Ronald, A AF Holmboe, Karla Rijsdijk, Fruhling V. Hallett, Victoria Happe, Francesca Plomin, Robert Ronald, Angelica TI Strong Genetic Influences on the Stabiliiy of Autistic Traits in Childhood SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; autistic traits; behavior genetics; longitudinal ID TWINS EARLY DEVELOPMENT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME TEST; GENERAL-POPULATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; TEST CAST; MULTIVARIATE; HERITABILITY; RELIABILITY; IMPAIRMENT AB Objective: Disorders on the autism spectrum, as well as autistic traits in the general population, have been found to be both highly stable across age and highly heritable at individual ages. However, little is known about the overlap in genetic and environmental influences on autistic traits across age and the contribution of such influences to trait stability itself. The present study investigated these questions in a general population sample of twins. Method: More than 6,000 twin pairs were rated on an established scale of autistic traits by their parents at 8, 9, and 12 years of age and by their teachers at 9 and 12 years of age. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The results indicated that, consistently across raters, not only were autistic traits stable, and moderately to highly heritable at individual ages, but there was also a high degree of overlap in genetic influences across age. Furthermore, autistic trait stability could largely be accounted for by genetic factors, with the environment unique to each twin playing a minor role. The environment shared by twins had virtually no effect on the longitudinal stability in autistic traits. Conclusions: Autistic traits are highly stable across middle childhood, and this stability is caused primarily by genetic factors. C1 [Holmboe, Karla] Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. [Rijsdijk, Fruhling V.; Hallett, Victoria; Happe, Francesca; Plomin, Robert] Kings Coll London, Med Res Council MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat C, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Ronald, Angelica] Univ London, Dept Psychol Sci, London WC1E 7HU, England. RP Holmboe, K (reprint author), Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. EM kholmboe@essex.ac.uk RI Ronald, Angelica/C-7812-2009 OI Ronald, Angelica/0000-0002-9576-2176 FU U.K. Medical Research Council [G0901245]; U.K. Medical Research Council; U.K. Economic and Social Research Council [G0800054]; British Academy [pf100035] FX The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is funded by the U.K. Medical Research Council, (Programme Grant No. G0901245 [and previously G0500079], P.I. Prof. Plomin). The first author was supported by an interdisciplinary postdoctoral fellowship from the U.K. Medical Research Council and the U.K. Economic and Social Research Council (Fellowship.No G0800054) and a British Academy postdoctoral fellowship (Fellowship No. pf100035). 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.iaac.2013.11.001 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AA0WU UT WOS:000330818900012 PM 24472256 ER PT J AU Liu, F AF Liu, Feng TI Essentials of Autism Spectrum Disorders Evaluation and Assessment. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Liu, Feng] Bellevue Hosp, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Liu, F (reprint author), Bellevue Hosp, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM feng.liu@bellevue.nychhc.org CR SAULNIER CA, ESSENTIALS AUTISM SP NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0890-8567 EI 1527-5418 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 234 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.013 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AA0WU UT WOS:000330818900016 ER PT J AU Volkmar, F Siegel, M Woodbury-Smith, M King, B McCracken, J State, M AF Volkmar, Fred Siegel, Matthew Woodbury-Smith, Marc King, Bryan McCracken, James State, Matthew CA Amer Acad Child Adolescent TI Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; Practice Parameters; guidelines; developmental disorders; pervasive developmental disorders ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CROSSOVER; SERIOUS BEHAVIORAL-PROBLEMS; DOUBLE-BLIND; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by patterns of delay and deviance in the development of social, communicative, and cognitive skills that arise in the first years of life. Although frequently associated with intellectual disability, this condition is distinctive in its course, impact, and treatment. Autism spectrum disorder has a wide range of syndrome expression and its management presents particular challenges for clinicians. Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder can present for clinical care at any point in development. The multiple developmental and behavioral problems associated with this condition necessitate multidisciplinary care, coordination of services, and advocacy for individuals and their families. Early, sustained intervention and the use of multiple treatment modalities are indicated. C1 [Volkmar, Fred] AACAP Commun Dept, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Volkmar, F (reprint author), AACAP Commun Dept, 3615 Wisconsin Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. FU National Institute of Child Health and Human, Development; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institutes of Health (NIH); Seaside Therapeutics; Health Resources and Services Administration; Bristol-Myers Squibb FX Fred Volkmar, MD, receives or has received research funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human, Development and the National Institute of Mental Health and has intellectual property with John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Guilford Publications, Inc, and Springer. Matthew Siegel, MD, has no financial conflicts of interest to disclose Marc Woodbury-Smith, MD, hos no financial conflicts of interest to disclose. Bryan King, MD, has or has received research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Seaside Therapeutics, and Health Resources and Services Administration and serves or has served Os an advisor/consultant with the U.S. Department of Justice. James McCracken, MD, has or has, received research funding from Seaside Therapeutics and Bristol-Myers Squibb, serves or has served as an advisor/consultant to BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and receives or has received honoraria as a speaker for Veritas, Discoveiy-Channel Health CME, and CME Outfitters, LLC. Matthew State, MD, has or has received research funding from the NIH and Howard Hughes Medical Institute and has an exclusive licensa agreement with Athena Diagnostics. Oscar Bukstein, MD, MPH; cochair, has served as a consultant for Ezra Innovations and for PRIME CME. He receives royalties from Routledge Press. Heather Walter, MD, MPH, and William Bernet, MD, co-chairs, have no,financial relationships to disclose. Disclosures of potential conflicts of interest for all other individuals named above are provided on the AACAP Web site on the Practice Parameters page. 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Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 237 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.10.013 PG 21 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AA0WU UT WOS:000330818900017 PM 24472258 ER PT J AU Desbonnet, L Clarke, G Shanahan, F Dinan, TG Cryan, JF AF Desbonnet, L. Clarke, G. Shanahan, F. Dinan, T. G. Cryan, J. F. TI Microbiota is essential for social development in the mouse SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID MICE; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; BRAIN C1 [Desbonnet, L.; Clarke, G.; Shanahan, F.; Dinan, T. G.; Cryan, J. F.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Alimentary Pharmabiot Ctr, Cork, Ireland. [Clarke, G.; Dinan, T. G.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Psychiat, Cork, Ireland. [Shanahan, F.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Med, Cork, Ireland. [Cryan, J. F.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Anat & Neurosci, Cork, Ireland. RP Desbonnet, L (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Alimentary Pharmabiot Ctr, Cork, Ireland. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 BP 146 EP 148 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.65 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 303WU UT WOS:000330706800005 PM 23689536 ER PT J AU Lotan, A Lifschytz, T Slonimsky, A Broner, EC Greenbaum, L Abedat, S Fellig, Y Cohen, H Lory, O Goelman, G Lerer, B AF Lotan, A. Lifschytz, T. Slonimsky, A. Broner, E. C. Greenbaum, L. Abedat, S. Fellig, Y. Cohen, H. Lory, O. Goelman, G. Lerer, B. TI Neural mechanisms underlying stress resilience in Ahi1 knockout mice: relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Ahi1; anxiety; mice; resilience; schizophrenia; stress ID ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALOID COMPLEX; JOUBERT SYNDROME GENE; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; C-FOS EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; RETINAL DEGENERATION; ANIMAL-MODELS; MOUSE MODEL; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB The Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) gene has a pivotal role in brain development. Studies by our group and others have demonstrated association of AHI1 with schizophrenia and autism. To elucidate the mechanism whereby alteration in AHI1 expression may be implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, we studied Ahi1 heterozygous knockout (Ahi1(+/-)) mice. Although their performance was not different from wild-type mice on tests that model classical schizophreniarelated endophenotypes, Ahi1(+/-) mice displayed an anxiolytic-like phenotype across different converging modalities. Using behavioral paradigms that involve exposure to environmental and social stress, significantly decreased anxiety was evident in the open field, elevated plus maze and dark-light box, as well as during social interaction in pairs. Assessment of core temperature and corticosterone secretion revealed a significantly blunted response of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Ahi1(+/-) mice exposed to environmental and visceral stress. However, response to centrally acting anxiogenic compounds was intact. On resting-state functional MRI, connectivity of the amygdala with other brain regions involved in processing of anxiogenic stimuli and inhibitory avoidance learning, such as the lateral entorhinal cortex, ventral hippocampus and ventral tegmental area, was significantly reduced in the mutant mice. Taken together, our data link Ahi1 under-expression with a defect in the process of threat detection. Alternatively, the results could be interpreted as representing an anxiety-related endophenotype, possibly granting the Ahi1(+/-) mouse relative resilience to various types of stress. The current knockout model highlights the contribution of translational approaches to understanding the genetic basis of emotional regulation and its associated neurocircuitry, with possible relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders. C1 [Lotan, A.; Lifschytz, T.; Slonimsky, A.; Broner, E. C.; Greenbaum, L.; Lerer, B.] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Biol Psychiat Lab, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Abedat, S.] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Fellig, Y.] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Cohen, H.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Anxiety & Stress Res Unit, Beer Sheva, Israel. [Lory, O.; Goelman, G.] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, MRI Lab, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Lerer, B (reprint author), Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Biol Psychiat Lab, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM lerer@hadassah.org.il FU Israel Science Foundation FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation (to BL). We thank Dr A Rigbi for his assistance in the statistical analysis of the data. 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Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.123 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 303WU UT WOS:000330706800022 PM 24042478 ER PT J AU Brown, AS Sourander, A Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, S McKeague, IW Sundvall, J Surcel, HM AF Brown, A. S. Sourander, A. Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, S. McKeague, I. W. Sundvall, J. Surcel, H-M TI Elevated maternal C-reactive protein and autism in a national birth cohort SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; prenatal; C-reactive protein; infection; inflammation; cytokines ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IMMUNE INVOLVEMENT; PRENATAL INFECTION; TWIN PAIRS; CHILDREN; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; RISK; PREGNANCY; IL-6 AB Autism is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome with a largely unknown etiology. Inflammation during pregnancy may represent a common pathway by which infections and other insults increase risk for the disorder. Hence, we investigated the association between early gestational C-reactive protein (CRP), an established inflammatory biomarker, prospectively assayed in maternal sera, and childhood autism in a large national birth cohort with an extensive serum biobank. Other strengths of the cohort included nearly complete ascertainment of pregnancies in Finland (N = 1.2 million) over the study period and national psychiatric registries consisting of virtually all treated autism cases in the population. Increasing maternal CRP levels, classified as a continuous variable, were significantly associated with autism in offspring. For maternal CRP levels in the highest quintile, compared with the lowest quintile, there was a significant, 43% elevated risk. This finding suggests that maternal inflammation may have a significant role in autism, with possible implications for identifying preventive strategies and pathogenic mechanisms in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. C1 [Brown, A. S.; Sourander, A.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Brown, A. S.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Sourander, A.; Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, S.] Univ Turku, Fac Med, Dept Child Psychiat, Turku, Finland. [Sourander, A.; Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, S.] Turku Univ Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. [McKeague, I. W.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New York, NY USA. [Sundvall, J.] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Helsinki, Finland. [Surcel, H-M] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Oulu, Finland. RP Brown, AS (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychiat, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 23, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM asb11@columbia.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES019004-03]; National Institute of Mental Health [K02 MH065422-09]; Autism Speaks; State Research Institute (National Institute of Health and Welfare) FX This manuscript was supported by grants R01 ES019004-03 (A.S.B.) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, K02 MH065422-09 (A.S.B.) from the National Institute of Mental Health, a grant from Autism Speaks (A.S.), and the State Research Institute (National Institute of Health and Welfare). We wish to acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to this work: Jaana Leiviska for performing the CRP analysis, Finnish Maternity Cohort laboratory staff for retrieving and preparing the samples for analysis, Jacky Chow and Patric Prado for manuscript preparation, and Yuanyuan Bao for data consultation. 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Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1038/mp.2012.197 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 303WU UT WOS:000330706800024 PM 23337946 ER PT J AU Lepage, JF Hong, DS Raman, M Marzelli, M Roeltgen, DP Lai, S Ross, J Reiss, AL AF Lepage, J. -F. Hong, D. S. Raman, M. Marzelli, M. Roeltgen, D. P. Lai, S. Ross, J. Reiss, A. L. TI Brain morphology in children with 47,XYY syndrome: a voxel- and surface-based morphometric study SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Aneuploidy; autism; brain development; sex chromosome; sexual dimorphism ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SEX-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES; KLINEFELTER-SYNDROME; XYY SYNDROME; RANDOM-FIELD; AUTISM; SEGMENTATION; BOYS; SIZE; XXY AB The neurocognitive and behavioral profile of individuals with 47,XYY is increasingly documented; however, very little is known about the effect of a supernumerary Y-chromosome on brain development. Establishing the neural phenotype associated with 47,XYY may prove valuable in clarifying the role of Y-chromosome gene dosage effects, a potential factor in several neuropsychiatric disorders that show a prevalence bias toward males, including autism spectrum disorders. Here, we investigated brain structure in 10 young boys with 47,XYY and 10 age-matched healthy controls by combining voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM). The VBM results show the existence of altered gray matter volume (GMV) in the insular and parietal regions of 47,XYY relative to controls, changes that were paralleled by extensive modifications in white matter (WM) bilaterally in the frontal and superior parietal lobes. The SBM analyses corroborated these findings and revealed the presence of abnormal surface area and cortical thinning in regions with abnormal GMV and WMV. Overall, these preliminary results demonstrate a significant impact of a supernumerary Y-chromosome on brain development, provide a neural basis for the motor, speech and behavior regulation difficulties associated with 47,XYY and may relate to sexual dimorphism in these areas. C1 [Lepage, J. -F.; Hong, D. S.; Raman, M.; Marzelli, M.; Reiss, A. L.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Brain Sci Res, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Roeltgen, D. P.; Lai, S.; Ross, J.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Reiss, A. L.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Reiss, A. L.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Reiss, AL (reprint author), Ctr Interdisciplinary Brain Sci Res, 407 Quarry Rd,MC 5795, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM areiss1@stanford.edu FU Delaware Health Science Alliance Pilot Award; NIH [R01HD049653]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); National Institute of Mental Health [MH097120] FX This study was funded in part by Delaware Health Science Alliance Pilot Award (J.R.) and NIH R01HD049653 (A.R). J.F.L. is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). D.H. is supported by an award from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH097120). The NIH did not participate in study design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation or publication decisions. We would like to acknowledge the support of the families involved in the study. We thank the Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University for providing the MRI scanner time via a research support initiative to S.L. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1111/gbb.12107 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 295IQ UT WOS:000330110200001 PM 24308542 ER PT J AU Goodbourn, PT Bosten, JM Bargary, G Hogg, RE Lawrance-Owen, AJ Mollon, JD AF Goodbourn, P. T. Bosten, J. M. Bargary, G. Hogg, R. E. Lawrance-Owen, A. J. Mollon, J. D. TI Variants in the 1q21 risk region are associated with a visual endophenotype of autism and schizophrenia SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Autism; endophenotype; frequency doubling; genome-wide association study; schizophrenia; visual sensitivity ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; LINKAGE ANALYSES; CANDIDATE GENES; HAPLOTYPE MAP; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERCEPTION AB Deficits in sensitivity to visual stimuli of low spatial frequency and high temporal frequency (so-called frequency-doubled gratings) have been demonstrated both in schizophrenia and in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Such basic perceptual functions are ideal candidates for molecular genetic study, because the underlying neural mechanisms are well characterized; but they have sometimes been overlooked in favor of cognitive and neurophysiological endophenotypes, for which neural substrates are often unknown. Here, we report a genome-wide association study of a basic visual endophenotype associated with psychological disorder. Sensitivity to frequency-doubled gratings was measured in 1060 healthy young adults, and analyzed for association with genotype using linear regression at 642758 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A significant association (P=7.9x10(-9)) was found with the SNP marker rs1797052, situated in the 5-untranslated region of PDZK1; each additional copy of the minor allele was associated with an increase in sensitivity equivalent to more than half a standard deviation. A permutation procedure, which accounts for multiple testing, showed that the association was significant at the =0.005 level. The region on chromosome 1q21.1 surrounding PDZK1 is an established susceptibility locus both for schizophrenia and for ASD, mirroring the common association of the visual endophenotype with the two disorders. PDZK1 interacts with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and neuroligins, which have been implicated in the etiologies of schizophrenia and ASD. These findings suggest that perceptual abnormalities observed in two different disorders may be linked by common genetic elements. C1 [Goodbourn, P. T.] Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Bargary, G.] City Univ London, Div Optometry & Visual Sci, London EC1V 0HB, England. [Hogg, R. E.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Vis & Vasc Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Goodbourn, PT (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Brennan MacCallum Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM patrick.goodbourn@sydney.edu.au FU Gatsby Charitable Foundation [GAT2903]; Cambridge Commonwealth Trust; Cambridge Overseas Trust; U.K. Government FX This work was supported by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (GAT2903). P.T.G. was supported by a scholarship from the Cambridge Commonwealth and Overseas Trusts, and by an Overseas Research Studentship from the U.K. Government. The authors are grateful to Horace Barlow, Roger Freedman, Graeme Mitchison and Richard Durbin for their role in the initiation of the Pergenic project, and to Julien Bauer, Emily Clemente and Kerry Cliffe of Cambridge Genomic Services for their valuable help. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1111/gbb.12096 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 295IQ UT WOS:000330110200003 PM 24152035 ER PT J AU Gaetz, W Bloy, L Wang, DJ Port, RG Blaskey, L Levy, SE Roberts, TPL AF Gaetz, W. Bloy, L. Wang, D. J. Port, R. G. Blaskey, L. Levy, S. E. Roberts, T. P. L. TI GABA estimation in the brains of children on the autism spectrum: Measurement precision and regional cortical variation SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorder; ASD; MRS; Spectroscopy; MEGA-PRESS; gamma-Aminobutyric acid; GABA ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATORY GAMMA-ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; OBJECT REPRESENTATION; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CINGULATE CORTEX; MR SPECTROSCOPY; MEGA-PRESS; DISORDERS; METABOLISM AB H-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1 MRS) and spectral editing methods, such as MEGA-PRESS, allow researchers to investigate metabolite and neurotransmitter concentrations in-vivo. Here we address the utilization of H-1 MRS for the investigation of GABA concentrations in the ASD brain, in three locations; motor, visual and auditory areas. An initial repeatability study (5 subjects, 5 repeated measures separated by -5 days on average) indicated no significant effect of reference metabolite choice on GABA quantitation (p > 0.6). Coefficients of variation for GABA+/NAA, GABA +/Cr and GABA +/Glx were all of the order of 9-11%. Based on these findings, we investigated creatine-normalized GABA+ ratios (GABA +/Cr) in a group of (N = 17) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and (N = 17) typically developing children (TD) for Motor, Auditory and Visual regions of interest (ROIs). Linear regression analysis of gray matter (GM) volume changes (known to occur with development) revealed a significant decrease of GM volume with Age for Motor (F(1,30) = 17.92; p <0.001) and Visual F(1,16) = 14.41; p <0.005 but not the Auditory ROI (p = 0.55). Inspection of GABA +/Cr changes with Age revealed a marginally significant change for the Motor ROI only (F(1,30) = 4.11; p = 0.054). Subsequent analyses were thus conducted for each ROI separately using Age and GM volume as covariates. No group differences in GABA +/Cr were observed for the Visual ROI between TD vs. ASD children. However, the Motor and Auditory ROI showed significantly reduced GABA +/Cr in ASD (Motor p <0.05; Auditory p <0.01). The mean deficiency in GABA +/Cr from the Motor ROI was approximately 11% and Auditory ROI was approximately 22%. Our novel findings support the model of regional differences in GABA +/Cr in the ASD brain, primarily in Auditory and to a lesser extent Motor but not Visual areas. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaetz, W.; Bloy, L.; Wang, D. J.; Port, R. G.; Blaskey, L.; Roberts, T. P. L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Lurie Family Fdn, MEG Imaging Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Levy, S. E.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gaetz, W (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Radiol, 34th St & Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM gaetzw@email.chop.edu FU NIH [R01DC008871, P30HD026979]; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation (NLMFF); Pennsylvania Department of Health FX No author declares a conflict of interest. This study was supported in part by NIH grant R01DC008871, P30HD026979 (TR) and a grant from the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation (NLMFF). This research has been funded (in part) by a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. The Pennsylvania Department of Health specifically disclaims responsibility for any analyses, interpretations or conclusions. Dr. Roberts gratefully acknowledges the Oberkircher Family for the Oberkircher Family Chair in Pediatric Radiology at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. 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SN 1053-8119 EI 1095-9572 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 86 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.068 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 298OZ UT WOS:000330335300001 PM 23707581 ER PT J AU Rojas, DC Singel, D Steinmetz, S Hepburn, S Brown, MS AF Rojas, Donald C. Singel, Debra Steinmetz, Sarah Hepburn, Susan Brown, Mark S. TI Decreased left perisylvian GABA concentration in children with autism and unaffected siblings SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Review DE GABA; Creatine; Spectroscopy; J-editing; MEGA-PRESS; Auditory cortex ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GAMMA-OSCILLATIONS; BRAIN GABA; ADOLESCENTS; HIPPOCAMPUS; INDIVIDUALS AB Imbalanced levels of excitation and inhibition (E/I) have been proposed to account for various behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes in autism. Although proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS) studies have been published on various metabolite levels in autism, including glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, few 1H-MRS studies have yet been conducted the major inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Seventeen individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) participated in a single-voxel, point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) study conducted on a 3 T magnet. Data were also acquired on 14 unaffected siblings of children with autism, and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. GABA concentration was measured along with Creatine (Cr) in a single voxel aligned with the auditory cortex in the perisylvian region of the left hemisphere. The ratio of GABA to Cr was significantly lower in the ASD group than the control subjects. Siblings also exhibited lower GABA/Cr ratios compared to controls. Cr concentration did not differ between groups. The volumes of gray matter, white matter and CSF did not differ between groups in the whole brain or within the spectroscopy voxel. Reduced auditory GABA concentration in ASD is consistent with one previous MRS study of GABA concentration in the frontal lobe in autism, suggesting that multiple neocortical areas may be involved. Lower GABA levels are consistent with theories of ASD as a disorder involving impaired inhibitory neurotransmission and E/I imbalance. The reduction in unaffected siblings suggests that it may be a heritable biomarker, or endophenotype, of autism. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rojas, Donald C.; Steinmetz, Sarah; Hepburn, Susan] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Singel, Debra; Brown, Mark S.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Radiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Rojas, Donald C.; Singel, Debra; Brown, Mark S.] Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Translat Res Imaging Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Hepburn, Susan] Univ Colorado Denver, JFK Partners, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Rojas, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Psychiat, Anschutz Med Campus,13001 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM don.rojas@ucdenver.edu FU NIH/NIMH [R01 MI-1082820, R01 MH082820-03S1]; NIH/NCRR Colorado CTSI grant [UL1 RR025780] FX Supported by NIH/NIMH grants R01 MI-1082820, R01 MH082820-03S1 and by NIH/NCRR Colorado CTSI grant UL1 RR025780. Contents are the authors' sole responsibility and do not necessarily represent official NIH views. The authors of the manuscript declare that they have no conflict of interests to report regarding this manuscript. 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T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR Wilson TW, 2007, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V62, P192, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.07.002 Yip J, 2007, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V113, P559, DOI 10.1007/s00401-006-0176-3 NR 70 TC 15 Z9 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 EI 1095-9572 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 86 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.045 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 298OZ UT WOS:000330335300004 PM 23370056 ER PT J AU Tax, CMW Jeurissen, B Vos, SB Viergever, MA Leemans, A AF Tax, Chantal M. W. Jeurissen, Ben Vos, Sjoerd B. Viergever, Max A. Leemans, Alexander TI Recursive calibration of the fiber response function for spherical deconvolution of diffusion MRI data SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Diffusion MRI; Constrained spherical deconvolution; Tractography; Fiber orientation distribution function; Fiber response function ID ANISOTROPIC WATER DIFFUSION; WHITE-MATTER ARCHITECTURE; HUMAN BRAIN; ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTIONS; IMAGING TRACTOGRAPHY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WEIGHTED MRI; TENSOR MRI; AUTISM; RECONSTRUCTION AB There is accumulating evidence that at current acquisition resolutions for diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI, the vast majority of white matter voxels contains "crossing fibers", referring to complex fiber configurations in which multiple and distinctly differently oriented fiber populations exist. Spherical deconvolution based techniques are appealing to characterize this DW intra-voxel signal heterogeneity, as they provide a balanced trade-off between constraints on the required hardware performance and acquisition time on the one hand, and the reliability of the reconstructed fiber orientation distribution function (fODF) on the other hand. Recent findings, however, suggest that an inaccurate calibration of the response function (RF), which represents the DW signal profile of a single fiber orientation, can lead to the detection of spurious fODF peaks which, in turn, can have a severe impact on tractography results. Currently, the computation of this RF is either model-based or estimated from selected voxels that have a fractional anisotropy (FA) value above a predefined threshold. For both approaches, however, there are user-defined settings that affect the RF and, consequently, fODF estimation and tractography. Moreover, these settings still rely on the second-rank diffusion tensor, which may not be the appropriate model, especially at high b-values. In this work, we circumvent these issues for RF calibration by excluding "crossing fibers" voxels in a recursive framework Our approach is evaluated with simulations and applied to in vivo and ex vivo data sets with different acquisition settings. The results demonstrate that with the proposed method the RF can be calibrated in a robust and automated way without needing to define ad-hoc FA threshold settings. Our framework facilitates the use of spherical deconvolution approaches in data sets in which it is not straightforward to define RF settings a priori. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tax, Chantal M. W.; Vos, Sjoerd B.; Viergever, Max A.; Leemans, Alexander] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Image Sci Inst, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jeurissen, Ben] Univ Antwerp, Dept Phys, iMinds Vis Lab, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Tax, CMW (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Image Sci Inst, Room QS 459,POB 85500, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM chantal@isi.uu.nl RI Leemans, Alexander/A-1784-2011; Viergever, Max/J-1215-2014 FU Dutch scientific foundation NWO [612.001.104] FX We would like to thank Laurena Holleran and Karla L. Miller for providing the ex vivo human brain data, and Tim B. Dyrby for the use of the monkey spinal cord data. Furthermore, the authors thank Eleftherios Garyfallidis for the useful discussion on the sharpening deconvolution transform method. The research of Chantal Tax is supported by an FC-EW grant (No. 612.001.104) from the Dutch scientific foundation NWO. CR Alexander AL, 2001, MAGN RESON MED, V45, P770, DOI 10.1002/mrm.1105 Alexander DC, 2005, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V3565, P76 Anderson AW, 2005, MAGNET RESON MED, V54, P1194, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20667 Ashburner J, 2005, NEUROIMAGE, V26, P839, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018 Assaf Y, 2004, MAGNET RESON MED, V52, P965, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20274 Basser PJ, 2000, MAGNET RESON MED, V44, P625, DOI 10.1002/1522-2594(200010)44:4<625::AID-MRM17>3.0.CO;2-O BASSER PJ, 1994, J MAGN RESON SER B, V103, P247, DOI 10.1006/jmrb.1994.1037 Beaulieu C, 2002, NMR BIOMED, V15, P435, DOI 10.1002/nbm.782 Carballedo A, 2012, AM J MED GENET B, V159B, P537, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.32060 Clark CA, 2000, MAGNET RESON MED, V44, P852, DOI 10.1002/1522-2594(200012)44:6<852::AID-MRM5>3.0.CO;2-A De Groof G, 2009, J NEUROSCI, V29, P13557, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1788-09.2009 Dell'Acqua F, 2007, IEEE T BIO-MED ENG, V54, P462, DOI 10.1109/TBME.2006.888830 Dell'Acqua F, 2010, NEUROIMAGE, V49, P1446, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.033 Dell' Acqua F, 2013, HUM BRAIN M IN PRESS Descoteaux M, 2009, IEEE T MED IMAGING, V28, P269, DOI 10.1109/TMI.2008.2004424 Descoteaux M, 2007, MAGN RESON MED, V58, P497, DOI 10.1002/mrm.21277 Emsell L, 2013, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V73, P194, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.023 Fillard P, 2011, NEUROIMAGE, V56, P220, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.032 Frank LR, 2002, MAGNET RESON MED, V47, P1083, DOI 10.1002/mrm.10156 Hess CP, 2006, MAGN RESON MED, V56, P104, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20931 Jeurissen B., 2013, INVESTIGATING PREVAL Jeurissen B, 2011, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V32, P461, DOI 10.1002/hbm.21032 Jones DK, 1999, MAGNET RESON MED, V42, P515, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199909)42:3<515::AID-MRM14>3.0.CO;2-Q Jones DK, 2004, MAGNET RESON MED, V52, P979, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20283 Klein S, 2010, IEEE T MED IMAGING, V29, P196, DOI 10.1109/TMI.2009.2035616 Langen M, 2012, CORTEX, V48, P183, DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.05.018 Lebel C, 2008, NEUROIMAGE, V40, P1044, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.053 LEBIHAN D, 1986, RADIOLOGY, V161, P401 Le Bihan D, 2012, NEUROIMAGE, V61, P324, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.006 Leemans A, 2009, MAGN RESON MED, V61, P1336, DOI 10.1002/mrm.21890 Leemans A, 2005, MAGNET RESON MED, V53, P944, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20418 Leemans A, 2009, EXPLOREDTI GRAPHICAL, P3537 Lundell H, 2011, NEUROIMAGE, V56, P923, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.043 McGrath J, 2013, AUTISM RES, V6, P307, DOI 10.1002/aur.1290 Metzler-Baddeley C, 2012, NEUROLOGY, V79, P2233, DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827689e8 Miller KL, 2011, NEUROIMAGE, V57, P167, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.070 MOSELEY ME, 1990, RADIOLOGY, V176, P439 Parker GD, 2013, NEUROIMAGE, V65, P433, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.022 Raffelt D, 2012, NEUROIMAGE, V59, P3976, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.045 Reijmer YD, 2012, PLOS ONE, V7, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044074 Reijmer YD, 2013, DIABETES, V62, P2112, DOI 10.2337/db12-1644 Reijmer YD, 2013, DIABETES CARE, V36, P137, DOI 10.2337/dc12-0493 Scholz J, 2009, NAT NEUROSCI, V12, P1370, DOI 10.1038/nn.2412 Sijbers J, 2004, MAGNET RESON MED, V51, P586, DOI 10.1002/mrm.10728 Toumier J.D., 2007, NEUROIMAGE, V35, P1459 Tournier JD, 2004, NEUROIMAGE, V23, P1176, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.037 Tournier J.D., 2013, P 21 ANN M ISMRM, P772 Tournier J.-D., 2011, MAGN RESON MED, V65, P1532 Tournier J.D., 2009, P 17 SCI M INT SOC M, P358 Tuch DS, 2004, MAGNET RESON MED, V52, P1358, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20279 Tuch DS, 2002, MAGNET RESON MED, V48, P577, DOI 10.1002/mrm.10268 Verhoeven JS, 2012, CEREB CORTEX, V22, P2263, DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhr292 Vos SB, 2012, NEUROIMAGE, V59, P2208, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.086 Wakana S, 2007, NEUROIMAGE, V36, P630, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.049 Wang H, 2012, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V23, P1 Wedeen VJ, 2005, MAGNET RESON MED, V54, P1377, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20642 NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 EI 1095-9572 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 86 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.067 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 298OZ UT WOS:000330335300009 PM 23927905 ER PT J AU Swartz, JR Carrasco, M Wiggins, JL Thomason, ME Monk, CS AF Swartz, Johnna R. Carrasco, Melisa Wiggins, Jillian Lee Thomason, Moriah E. Monk, Christopher S. TI Age-related changes in the structure and function of prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuitry in children and adolescents: A multi-modal imaging approach SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE fMRI; Diffusion tensor imaging; Emotion; Development; Internalizing; Adolescence ID WHITE-MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ANXIETY DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSION; CONNECTIVITY MRI; CONDUCT DISORDER; EMOTIONAL FACES; NEURAL SYSTEMS; HUMAN BRAIN AB The uncinate fasciculus is a major white matter tract that provides a crucial link between areas of the human brain that underlie emotion processing and regulation. Specifically, the uncinate fasciculus is the major direct fiber tract that connects the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala The aim of the present study was to use a multi-modal imaging approach in order to simultaneously examine the relation between structural connectivity of the uncinate fasciculus and functional activation of the amygdala in a youth sample (children and adolescents). Participants were 9 to 19 years old and underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results indicate that greater structural connectivity of the uncinate fasciculus predicts reduced amygdala activation to sad and happy faces. This effect is moderated by age, with younger participants exhibiting a stronger relation. Further, decreased amygdala activation to sad faces predicts lower internalizing symptoms. These results provide important insights into brain structure-function relationships during adolescence, and suggest that greater structural connectivity of the uncinate fasciculus may facilitate regulation of the amygdala, particularly during early adolescence. These findings also have implications for understanding the relation between brain structure, function, and the development of emotion regulation difficulties, such as internalizing symptoms. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Swartz, Johnna R.; Wiggins, Jillian Lee; Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Carrasco, Melisa; Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Neurosci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Thomason, Moriah E.] Wayne State Univ, Merrill Palmer Skillman Inst Child & Family Dev, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Thomason, Moriah E.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Pediat, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Swartz, JR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 2221 East Hall,530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jrswartz@umich.edu; melisa_carrasco@urmc.rochester.edu; leejilli@umich.edu; moriah@wayne.edu; csmonk@umich.edu RI Monk, Christopher/J-1805-2014 FU Autism Speaks award; Michigan Institute for Clinical Health Research (MICHR) Pre-doctoral Fellowship; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [2UL1TR000433]; MICHR Pre-doctoral Fellowship [UL1RR024986]; Autism Speaks Fellowship; NARSAD award FX This project was supported by an Autism Speaks award to C.S.M., a Michigan Institute for Clinical Health Research (MICHR) Pre-doctoral Fellowship to J.R.S. (supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 2UL1TR000433), a MICHR Pre-doctoral Fellowship to J.L.W. (UL1RR024986), an Autism Speaks Fellowship to J.L.W., and a NARSAD award to M.E.T. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. 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Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 298OZ UT WOS:000330335300023 PM 23959199 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, D AF Chamberlain, Dominic TI Study suggests peer solicitation is of benefit to children with autism SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-2008 EI 1758-2016 J9 NEUROPSYCHIATRY-LOND JI Neuropsychiatry PD FEB PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 298GX UT WOS:000330313300002 ER PT J AU Murdaugh, DL Ver Hoef, LW Kana, RK AF Murdaugh, Donna L. Ver Hoef, Lawrence W. Kana, Rajesh K. TI Functional brain connectivity in a child with autism with an enlarged cavum septum pellucidum SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article C1 [Murdaugh, Donna L.; Kana, Rajesh K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Ver Hoef, Lawrence W.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Neurol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kana, RK (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM rkana@uab.edu FU University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychology FX The authors would like to thank the University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychology for funding support. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. CR Flashman LA, 2007, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V154, P147, DOI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.09.001 Hagan E., 2012, SOC COGN AFFECT NEUR, V8, P694 Kim KJ, 2003, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V54, P76, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)01830-9 Raichle ME, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P676, DOI 10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 SARWAR M, 1989, AM J NEURORADIOL, V10, P989 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-2008 EI 1758-2016 J9 NEUROPSYCHIATRY-LOND JI Neuropsychiatry PD FEB PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 23 EP 25 DI 10.2217/NPY.13.88 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 298GX UT WOS:000330313300008 ER PT J AU Pasterski, V Gilligan, L Curtis, R AF Pasterski, Vickie Gilligan, Liam Curtis, Richard TI Traits of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Adults with Gender Dysphoria SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Asperger's Disorder; Comorbidity; Gender dysphoria; Transsexualism ID CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; IDENTITY DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; SUBTYPES; AQ AB The literature examining the co-occurrence of gender dysphoria (GD) and autistic traits has so far been limited to a series of small case studies and two systematic studies, one looking at autistic traits in gender dysphoric children and the other set within the context of the extreme male brain hypothesis and looking at adults. The current study examined this co-occurrence of GD and autistic traits in an adult population, to see whether this heightened prevalence persisted from childhood as well as to provide further comparison of MtF versus FtM transsexuals and homosexual versus nonhomosexual individuals. Using the Autistic Spectrum Quotient (AQ), 91 GD adults (63 male-to-female [MtF] and 28 female-to-male [FtM]) undertaking treatment at a gender clinic completed the AQ. The prevalence of autistic traits consistent with a clinical diagnosis for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was 5.5 % (n = 3 MtF and n = 2 FtM) compared to reports of clinical diagnoses of 0.5-2.0 % in the general population. In contrast to the single previous report in adults, there was no significant difference between MtF and FtM on AQ scores; however, all of those who scored above the clinical cut-off were classified as nonhomosexual with respect to natal sex. Results were considered in the context of emerging theories for the observed co-occurrence of GD and autistic traits. C1 [Pasterski, Vickie] Dept Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, England. [Gilligan, Liam] Univ E Anglia, Dept Psychol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Curtis, Richard] Gender Clin, Transhlth, London, England. RP Pasterski, V (reprint author), Dept Psychol, New Museum Site,Free Sch Lane, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, England. 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Sex. Behav. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 2 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10508-013-0154-5 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 296TI UT WOS:000330207900017 PM 23864402 ER PT J AU Lemaire, M Thomazeau, B Bonnet-Brilhault, F AF Lemaire, Mathieu Thomazeau, Barbara Bonnet-Brilhault, Frederique TI Gender Identity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in a 23-Year-Old Female SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Gender Identity Disorder; Gender dysphoria; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Psychiatric co-morbidity ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRAITS AB We describe the case of a 23-year-old woman with Gender Identity Disorder (GID) asking for a cross-sex hormonal treatment with sex reassignment surgery and who was recently diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Gender identity clinics are now reporting an overrepresentation of individuals with ASD among GID patients. The prevalence of ASD is 10-fold higher among GID patients than in general population. However, few case reports or studies have explored the co-occurrence of ASD and GID. This co-occurrence is relevant for diagnostic and clinical management and also raises important theoretical issues. C1 [Lemaire, Mathieu; Thomazeau, Barbara; Bonnet-Brilhault, Frederique] CHRU Tours, Ctr Univ Pedopsychiat, F-37044 Tours 9, France. [Lemaire, Mathieu; Thomazeau, Barbara; Bonnet-Brilhault, Frederique] Univ Francois Rabelais Tours Imaging & Brain, UMR Inserm U930, F-37044 Tours 9, France. RP Lemaire, M (reprint author), Univ Francois Rabelais Tours Imaging & Brain, UMR Inserm U930, Blvd Tonnelle, F-37044 Tours 9, France. EM mathieu.lemaire@gmail.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th, DOI [10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349, DOI 10.1176/APPI.BOOKS.9780890423349] Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2008 Principal Investigators, 2012, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V61, P1 Auyeung B, 2009, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V100, P1, DOI 10.1348/000712608X311731 De Cuypere G, 2007, EUR PSYCHIAT, V22, P137, DOI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.10.002 de Vries ALC, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P930, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9 Fombonne E, 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V66, P3 Fombonne E, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, P591, DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203 Gallucci G, 2005, SEX DISABIL, V23, P35, DOI 10.1007/s11195-004-2078-4 Jones RM, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P301, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1227-8 Kraemer B, 2005, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V14, P292, DOI 10.1007/s00787-005-0469-4 Landen M, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P170 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Mukaddes NM, 2002, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V28, P529, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00301.x Reed B, 2009, GENDER VARIANCE UK P SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Tateno M, 2008, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V62, P238, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01761.x Perera H., 2003, Ceylon Medical Journal, V48, P57 Williams PG, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P635, DOI 10.1007/BF02172352 Wood H, 2013, J SEX MARITAL THER, V39, P1, DOI 10.1080/0092623X.2012.675022 ZARAGOZANO JF, 2005, AN PEDIATR, V63, P366 Zucker KJ, 2008, J SEX MARITAL THER, V34, P287, DOI 10.1080/00926230802096192 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0004-0002 EI 1573-2800 J9 ARCH SEX BEHAV JI Arch. Sex. Behav. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 2 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s10508-013-0141-x PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 296TI UT WOS:000330207900018 PM 23835847 ER PT J AU Shetreat-Klein, M Shinnar, S Rapin, I AF Shetreat-Klein, Maya Shinnar, Shlomo Rapin, Isabelle TI Abnormalities of joint mobility and gait in children with autism spectrum disorders SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Abnormal gait; Toe walking; Passive joint mobility; Hypotonia ID IDIOPATHIC TOE-WALKING; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DISTURBANCES; DIAGNOSIS AB Aims: Abnormalities of gross motor function in children with autism are well known to clinicians but have not received much empirical documentation and, with the exception of stereotypies, are not among its diagnostic criteria. We recorded the characteristics of gait and prevalence of toe walking, the range of passive joint mobility, and age at walking in children with DSM IV autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and in age- and gender-matched typically developing peers (mean age 4 years 6 months, range 22 months-10 years 9 months). Methods: We evaluated maximum range of mobility at the elbow, wrist, metacarpo phalangeal, and ankle joints and videoed children walking and running. Two neurologists blind to diagnosis independently scored features of gait clinically. Results: Children with ASDs had significantly greater joint mobility (p < .002), more gait abnormalities (p < .0001), and on average walked 1.6 months later than their non-autistic peers. Interpretation: This study indicates that attention should be directed to motor abnormalities as well as sociability, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors in individuals with ASDs. Motor deficits add to children's other handicaps. They indicate that ASDs affect a broader range of central nervous system circuitry than often appreciated. (C) 2012 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shetreat-Klein, Maya; Shinnar, Shlomo; Rapin, Isabelle] Dept Neurol, Div Child Neurol Saul R Korey, Bronx, NY USA. [Shinnar, Shlomo] Montefiore Med Ctr, Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Bronx, NY USA. [Rapin, Isabelle] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Rose F Kennedy Intellectual & Dev Disabil Res Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Rapin, I (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Kennedy 807,1300 Morris Pare Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM isabelle.rapin@einstein.yu.edu FU Albert Einstein College of Medicine FX The authors thank the parents and children who participated in the study. They express their gratitude to their colleagues in Pediatrics at Jacobi Medical Center who referred typically developing children to the study. They acknowledge the assistance of D.-R. Kathirithamby M.D. and D. Cancel M.D., physiatrists, who kindly photographed goniometric testing of joint motility in a 11 year old unaffected volunteer we also thank. The study was supported in part by a grant from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine to M. S. -K., enabling her to fulfill requirements for M.D. with Distinction in Clinical Research under the mentorship of S. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 36 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.005 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 295YD UT WOS:000330151400001 PM 22401670 ER PT J AU Yasumura, A Kokubo, N Yamamoto, H Yasumura, Y Nakagawa, E Kaga, M Hiraki, K Inagaki, M AF Yasumura, Akira Kokubo, Naomi Yamamoto, Hisako Yasumura, Yukiko Nakagawa, Eiji Kaga, Makiko Hiraki, Kazuo Inagaki, Masumi TI Neurobehavioral and hemodynamic evaluation of Stroop and reverse Stroop interference in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); Reverse Stroop task; Prefrontal cortex; Executive function ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PREFRONTAL ACTIVATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; WORKING-MEMORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ADHD; TASK; COMMUNICATION AB Failure of executive function (EF) is a core symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, various results have been reported and sufficient evidence is lacking. In the present study, we evaluated the characteristics of children with ADHD using the Stroop task (ST) and reverse Stroop task (RST) that reflects the inhibition function of EF. We compared children with ADHD, typically developing children (TDC), and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is more difficult to discriminate from ADHD. A total of 10 children diagnosed with ADHD, 15 TDC, and 11 children diagnosed with ASD, all matched by age, sex, language ability, and intelligence quotient, participated in this study. While each subject performed computer-based ST and RST with a touch panel, changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to correlate test performance with neural activity. Behavioral performance significantly differed among 3 groups during RST but not during ST. The ADHD group showed greater color interference than the TDC group. In addition, there was a negative correlation between right lateral PFC (LPFC) activity and the severity of attention deficit. Children with ADHD exhibit several problems associated with inhibition of color, and this symptom is affected by low activities of the right LPFC. In addition, it is suggested that low hemodynamic activities in this area are correlated with ADHD. (C) 2013 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yasumura, Akira; Kokubo, Naomi; Yamamoto, Hisako; Kaga, Makiko; Inagaki, Masumi] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Dev Disorders, Tokyo, Japan. [Yasumura, Akira; Hiraki, Kazuo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Yasumura, Yukiko] Saitama Jyunshin Coll, Dept Children, Saitama, Japan. [Nakagawa, Eiji] NCNP Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Yasumura, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Dev Disorders, Tokyo, Japan. EM yasumura@ncnp.go.jp FU TMC; Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) [22-6] FX This work was supported in part by the TMC Young Investigator Fellowship and an Intramural Research Grant (22-6; Clinical Research for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Innovations in Developmental Disorders) for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP). We thank the parents and children who participated in the study. We also thank the after-school care program at Sukage Nursery. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 36 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.01.005 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 295YD UT WOS:000330151400002 PM 23414618 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, K Nagai, T Okazaki, S Kawajiri, M Tomiwa, K AF Fujimoto, Keiko Nagai, Toshisaburo Okazaki, Shin Kawajiri, Mie Tomiwa, Kiyotaka TI Development and verification of child observation sheet for 5-year-old children SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE COS; Pervasive developmental disorders; Clinical psychologists; 5-Year-old children; Screening; CARS ID AUTISM; DISORDERS; VERSION AB The aim of the study was to develop a newly devised child observation sheet (COS-5) as a scoring sheet, based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), for use in the developmental evaluation of 5-year-old children, especially focusing on children with autistic features, and to verify its validity. Seventy-six children were studied. The children were recruited among participants of the Japan Children's Cohort Study, a research program implemented by the Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX) from 2004 to 2009. The developmental evaluation procedure was performed by doctors, clinical psychologists, and public health nurses. The COS-5 was also partly based on the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 (Kyoto Scale 2001). Further, the Developmental Disorders Screening Questionnaire for 5-Years-Olds, PDD-Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS), doctor interview questions and neurological examination for 5-year-old children, and the Draw-a-Man Test (DAM) were used as evaluation scales. Eighteen (25.4%) children were rated as Suspected, including Suspected PDD, Suspected ADHD and Suspected MR. The COS-5 was suggested to be valid with favorable reliability (alpha = 0.89) and correlation with other evaluation scales. The COS-5 may be useful, with the following advantages: it can be performed within a shorter time frame; it facilitates the maintenance of observation quality; it facilitates sharing information with other professions; and it is reliable to identify the autistic features of 5-year-old children. In order to verify its wider applications including the screening of infants (18 months to 3 years old) by adjusting the items of younger age, additional study is needed. (C) 2013 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujimoto, Keiko; Nagai, Toshisaburo] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Course Hlth Sci, Osaka, Japan. [Okazaki, Shin] Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan. [Kawajiri, Mie] Osaka City Hlth Ctr, Osaka, Japan. [Tomiwa, Kiyotaka] Todaiji Med & Educ Ctr, Nara, Japan. RP Fujimoto, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Course Hlth Sci, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5670871, Japan. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 36 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.01.008 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 295YD UT WOS:000330151400003 PM 23415454 ER PT J AU Helmstaedter, C Aldenkamp, AP Baker, GA Mazarati, A Ryvlin, P Sankar, R AF Helmstaedter, C. Aldenkamp, A. P. Baker, G. A. Mazarati, A. Ryvlin, Ph. Sankar, R. TI Disentangling the relationship between epilepsy and its behavioral comorbidities - The need for prospective studies in new-onset epilepsies SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Epilepsy; Comorbidities; Cognition; Behavior; Onset of epilepsy ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG-TREATMENT; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; COGNITIVE DECLINE; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; GABA(A) RECEPTOR AB It has been long recognized that there is more to epilepsy than seizures. The prevalence of such neurobehavioral abnormalities as cognitive and mood disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is significantly higher among patients with epilepsy than in the general population. A long-held view that comorbidities of epilepsy represent mere epiphenomena of seizures has undergone substantial transformation during the past decade, as emerging clinical evidence and experimental evidence suggest the involvement of specific neurobiological mechanisms in the evolution of neurobehavioral deficits in patients with epilepsy. Developmental aspects of both epilepsy and its comorbidities, as well as the frequently reported reciprocal connection between these disorders, both add other dimensions to the already complex problem. In light of progress in effective seizure management in many patients with epilepsy, the importance of neurobehavioral comorbidities has become acute, as the latter are frequently more detrimental to patients' quality of life compared with seizures. This calls for a serious increase in efforts to effectively predict, manage, and ideally cure these comorbidities. Coordinated multicenter clinical, translational, and basic research studies focusing on epidemiology, neuropsychology, neurophysiology, imaging, genetics, epigenetics, and pharmacology of neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy are absolutely instrumental for ensuring tangible progress in the field. Clinical research should focus more on new-onset epilepsy and put particular emphasis on longitudinal studies in large cohorts of patients and groups at risk, while translational research should primarily focus on the development of valid preclinical systems which would allow investigating the fundamental mechanism of epilepsy comorbidities. The final goal of the described research efforts would lie in producing an armamentarium of evidence-based diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions which would at minimum mitigate and at maximum prevent or abolish neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy and, thus, improve the quality of life of those patients with epilepsy who suffer from the said comorbidities. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Helmstaedter, C.] Univ Clin Epileptol, Bonn, Germany. [Aldenkamp, A. P.] Epilepsy Ctr Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, Netherlands. [Aldenkamp, A. P.] Maastricht Univ, Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn, Dept Neurol,Med Ctr, Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Baker, G. A.] Univ Liverpool, Div Neurosci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Mazarati, A.; Sankar, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Neurol, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ryvlin, Ph.] Univ Lyon 1, Hosp Civils Lyon, Inst Epilepsies Enfant & Adolescent,INSERM U821, Dept Funct Neurol & Epileptol,Neurol Hosp,CTRS IN, F-69365 Lyon, France. RP Helmstaedter, C (reprint author), Univ Clin Epileptol Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 31 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.11.010 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 296NV UT WOS:000330192700010 PM 24333577 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, N Laguitton, V Viellard, M Lepine, A Chabrol, B Dravet, C Milh, M AF Villeneuve, Nathalie Laguitton, Virginie Viellard, Marine Lepine, Anne Chabrol, Brigitte Dravet, Charlotte Milh, Mathieu TI Cognitive and adaptive evaluation of 21 consecutive patients with Dravet syndrome SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Dravet syndrome; Cognitive evaluation; Epilepsy; SCN1A ID SEVERE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY; SCN1A MUTATIONS; NATURAL-HISTORY; CHILDREN; INFANCY; MULTICENTER; NETWORKS; SEIZURES; FEATURES; AUTISM AB In order to assess the cognitive and adaptive profiles of school-aged patientswith Dravet syndrome (DS), we proposed to evaluate the intelligence and adaptive scores in twenty-one 6- to 10-year-old patientswith DS followed in our institution between 1997 and 2013. Fourteen patients were tested using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales (VABS); 6 patients could not be tested with the WISC and were tested with the VABS only, and one was tested with the WISC only. Data regarding the epilepsy were retrospectively collected. Statistical analysis (Spearman rank order and Pearson correlation coefficient) was used to correlate early epilepsy characteristics with the cognitive and adaptive scores. Sodium channel, neuronal alpha-subunit type 1 (SCN1A) was mutated in 19 out of 21 patients. After the age of 6 years, none of the DS patients had a normal intelligence quotient (IQ) using WISC (age at the testing period: mean = 100 +/- 5; median = 105 months; mean total IQ = 47 +/- 3; n = 15). Only five patients had a verbal and/or a non verbal IQ of more than 60 (points). Their cognitive profile was characterized by an attention deficit, an inability to inhibit impulsive responses, perseverative responses and deficit in planning function. Administering the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales in the same period, we showed that socialization skills were significantly higher than communication and autonomy skills (age at the testing period: mean = 100 +/- 4; median = 100 months; n = 20). We did not find any significant correlation between the IQ or developmental quotient assessed between 6 and 10 years of age and the quantitative and qualitative parameters of epilepsy during the first two years of life in this small group of patients. Despite an overall moderate cognitive deficit in this group of patients, the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales described an adaptive/behavioral profile with low communication and autonomy capacities, whereas the socialization skills were more preserved. This profile was different from the one usually found in young patients with autism and may require specific interventions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Villeneuve, Nathalie; Laguitton, Virginie; Lepine, Anne] Hop Henri Gastaut Ctr St Paul, CINAPSE, F-13009 Marseille, France. [Villeneuve, Nathalie; Viellard, Marine] Hop St Marguerite, Ctr Ressource Autisme, F-13009 Marseille, France. [Villeneuve, Nathalie; Lepine, Anne; Chabrol, Brigitte; Milh, Mathieu] Hop Enfants La Timone, Serv Neurol Pediat, APHM, F-13005 Marseille, France. [Dravet, Charlotte] Catholic Univ, Rome, Italy. [Milh, Mathieu] Univ Aix Marseille, UMR 910, INSERM, F-13005 Marseille, France. RP Milh, M (reprint author), Hop Enfants La Timone, Serv Neurol Pediat, 264 Rue St Pierre, F-13005 Marseille, France. FU INSERM contrat interface FX MM is funded by INSERM contrat interface. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 31 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.11.021 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 296NV UT WOS:000330192700030 PM 24412860 ER PT J AU Milacic-Vidojevic, I Gligorovic, M Dragojevic, N AF Milacic-Vidojevic, Ivona Gligorovic, Milica Dragojevic, Nada TI Tendency towards stigmatization of families of a person with autistic spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autistic spectrum disorder; family stigma; attitudes towards persons with disabilities ID SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS; COURTESY STIGMA; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MEMBERS; PEOPLE; INDIVIDUALS; ATTITUDES; RELATIVES; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Background: Family members experience stigma via their connection with the affected member. Family stigma contains stereotypes of blame, shame and contamination. Aim: To establish the tendency towards stigmatization of family members of a person with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) by a sample of the general public of Belgrade. Methods: The sample encompassed 181 participants, of various ages and levels of education, and of different, self-assessed levels of knowledge about autism. The structure of stigmatization of family members of a person with ASD was explored applying the Family Stigma Questionnaire (FSQ) and the Level of Familiarity Questionnaire (LFQ). Results: Analysis of the obtained results established that scores indicating the tendency towards stigmatization were most pronounced for variables connected to blame for deterioration of the condition of the person with autism, contamination of the individual family members by the condition, and to feeling pity for family members of a person with ASD. Statistically significant differences were established when the FSQ scores stigmatizing parents and siblings were compared. Significant differences in stigmatizing stereotypes were established according to gender and level of education, and according to the self-assessment of knowledge about autism and the level of previous contact to persons with mental disorders. Conclusion: Anti-stigma programmes are important especially bearing in mind that participants who self-evaluated as having the least knowledge about ASD demonstrated the highest tendency towards stigmatizing the parents of a person suffering from ASD, and those of lower education demonstrated the highest tendency towards stigmatizing the family members. C1 [Milacic-Vidojevic, Ivona; Gligorovic, Milica; Dragojevic, Nada] Univ Belgrade, Fac Special Educ & Rehabil, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Milacic-Vidojevic, I (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Special Educ & Rehabil, Visokog Stevana 2, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. EM mivona@sbb.rs CR Alexander L. 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J. Soc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 60 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1177/0020764012463298 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 294CJ UT WOS:000330019700008 PM 23117824 ER PT J AU Rance, G Saunders, K Carew, P Johansson, M Tan, J AF Rance, Gary Saunders, Kerryn Carew, Peter Johansson, Marlin Tan, Johanna TI The Use of Listening Devices to Ameliorate Auditory Deficit in Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FM SYSTEMS; SPEECH; NOISE; INDIVIDUALS; HEARING; ATTENTION AB Objectives To evaluate both monaural and binaural processing skills in a group of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to determine the degree to which personal frequency modulation (radio transmission) (FM) listening systems could ameliorate their listening difficulties. Study design Auditory temporal processing (amplitude modulation detection), spatial listening (integration of binaural difference cues), and functional hearing (speech perception in background noise) were evaluated in 20 children with ASD. Ten of these subsequently underwent a 6-week device trial in which they wore the FM system for up to 7 hours per day. Results Auditory temporal processing and spatial listening ability were poorer in subjects with ASD than in matched controls (temporal: P = .014 [ 95% CI -6.4 to -0.8 dB], spatial: P = .003 [1.0 to 4.4 dB]), and performance on both of these basic processing measures was correlated with speech perception ability (temporal: r = -0.44, P = .022; spatial: r = -0.50, P = .015). The provision of FM listening systems resulted in improved discrimination of speech in noise (P < .001 [11.6% to 21.7%]). Furthermore, both participant and teacher questionnaire data revealed device-related benefits across a range of evaluation categories including Effect of Background Noise (P = .036 [-60.7% to -2.8%]) and Ease of Communication (P = .019 [-40.1% to -5.0%]). Eight of the 10 participants who undertook the 6-week device trial remained consistent FM users at study completion. Conclusions Sustained use of FM listening devices can enhance speech perception in noise, aid social interaction, and improve educational outcomes in children with ASD. C1 [Rance, Gary; Carew, Peter; Tan, Johanna] Univ Melbourne, Dept Audiol & Speech Pathol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Saunders, Kerryn] Monash Univ, Sch Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Johansson, Marlin] Lund Univ, Sch Med, Dept Audiol, Lund, Sweden. RP Rance, G (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Audiol & Speech Pathol, 550 Swanston St, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM grance@unimelb.edu.au FU Jack Brockhoff Foundation; Collier Foundation; Deafness Foundation FX Funded by the Jack Brockhoff Foundation, the Collier Foundation, and the Deafness Foundation. PHONAK.org donated the FM devices. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 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Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 164 IS 2 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.09.041 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 295NN UT WOS:000330122900027 PM 24183205 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Connecting gut microbes and autism SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT News Item CR 2013, CELL, V155, P1451 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 EI 1548-4475 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 43 IS 2 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297MJ UT WOS:000330259300004 ER PT J AU Abdolmaleky, HM Nohesara, S Ghadirivasfi, M Lambert, AW Ahmadkhaniha, H Ozturk, S Wong, CK Shafa, R Mostafavi, A Thiagalingam, S AF Abdolmaleky, Hamid Mostafavi Nohesara, Shabnam Ghadirivasfi, Mohammad Lambert, Arthur W. Ahmadkhaniha, Hamidreza Ozturk, Sait Wong, Chen Khuan Shafa, Rahim Mostafavi, Ashraf Thiagalingam, Sam TI DNA hypermethylation of serotonin transporter gene promoter in drug naive patients with schizophrenia SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Serotonin transporter; DNA methylation; Brain; Saliva; Schizophrenia ID MB-COMT PROMOTER; BIPOLAR DISORDER; T102C POLYMORPHISM; MAJOR DEPRESSION; RISK-FACTOR; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; HYPOMETHYLATION; MICE; NOREPINEPHRINE AB Introduction: Dysfunctional serotonin signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of autism, obsessive compulsive disorder, mood disorders and schizophrenia. While the hypo-activity of serotonin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder; LSD, an agonist of serotonin type 2 receptor (5-HTR2A) induces psychosis. Therefore, anxiety and depressive disorders are treated by SSRIs which inhibit serotonin transporter (5-HTT) while psychotic disorders are controlled by drugs that block serotonin and/or dopamine receptors. Since genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic dysregulation of 5-HTT are involved in the pathogenesis of mental diseases, we analyzed DNA methylation of 5-HTT promoter in post-mortem brains and saliva samples of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) to evaluate its potential application as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic biomarker in SCZ and BD. Methods: Whole genome DNA methylation profiling was performed for a total of 24 samples (including two saliva samples) using the Illumina 27 K (for 12 samples) and 450 K DNA methylation array platform(for another 12 samples), followed by bisulfite sequencing to identify candidate CpGs for further analysis. Quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) was used to assess the degree of CpG methylation of 5-HTT promoter in 105 post-mortem brains (35 controls, 35 SCZ and 35 BD) and 100 saliva samples (30 controls, 30 SCZ, 20 BD and 20 first degree relatives of SCZ or BD). The U133 2.0 Plus Human Transcriptome array for a total of 30 post-mortem brain samples (each group 10) followed by quantitative real-time PCR was used to study 5-HTT expression in 105 post-mortem brain samples. Results: The qMSP analysis for 5-HTT promoter region showed DNA hypermethylation in post-mortem brain samples of SCZ patients (similar to 30%), particularly in drug free patients (similar to 60%, p = 0.04). Similarly, there was a trend for DNA hypermethylation in antipsychotic free BD patients (similar to 50%, p = 0.066). qMSP analysis of DNA extracted from the saliva samples also exhibited hypermethylation of 5-HTT promoter in patients with SCZ (similar to 30%, p = 0.039), which was more significant in drug naive SCZ patients (>50%, p = 0.0025). However, the difference was not significant between the controls and unaffected first degree relatives of patients with SCZ (p = 0.37) and versus patients using antipsychotic drugs (p = 0.2). The whole genome transcriptome analysis of post-mortem brain samples showed reduced expression of 5-HTT in SCZ compared to the control subjects (similar to 50%, p = 0.008), confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (similar to 40%, p = 0.035) which was more significant in drug free SCZ patients (similar to 70%, p = 0.022). Conclusion: A correlation between reduction in 5-HTT expression and DNA hypermethylation of the 5-HTT promoter in drug naive SCZ patients suggests that an epigenetically defined hypo-activity of 5-HTT may be linked to SCZ pathogenesis. Furthermore, this epigenetic mark in DNA extracted from saliva can be considered as one of the key determinants in a panel of diagnostic and/or therapeutic biomarkers for SCZ. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdolmaleky, Hamid Mostafavi; Lambert, Arthur W.; Ozturk, Sait; Wong, Chen Khuan; Thiagalingam, Sam] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Biomed Genet Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Abdolmaleky, Hamid Mostafavi; Lambert, Arthur W.; Ozturk, Sait; Wong, Chen Khuan; Thiagalingam, Sam] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Thiagalingam, Sam] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Abdolmaleky, Hamid Mostafavi; Ozturk, Sait; Wong, Chen Khuan; Thiagalingam, Sam] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sci Inst, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Nohesara, Shabnam; Ghadirivasfi, Mohammad; Ahmadkhaniha, Hamidreza] Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran. [Shafa, Rahim] Metrowest CNS Res Ctr, Natick, MA USA. [Mostafavi, Ashraf] Arian Salamat Counseling & Nursing Cervices Ctr, Tehran, Iran. RP Abdolmaleky, HM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Biomed Genet Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. FU Mental Health Research Center; TUMS; NARSAD Independent Investigator Award; CTSI, Boston University (NIH CTSA) [UL1-TR00157] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Mental Health Research Center, TUMS, NARSAD Independent Investigator Award to Dr. Sam Thiagalingam and CTSI, Boston University (NIH CTSA, UL1-TR00157). 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Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 152 IS 2-3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.schres.2013.12.007 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 296MF UT WOS:000330188500008 PM 24411530 ER PT J AU Magaud, E Morvan, Y Rampazzo, A Alexandre, C Willard, D Gaillard, R Kazes, M Krebs, MO AF Magaud, Emilie Morvan, Yannick Rampazzo, Alice Alexandre, Charlotte Willard, Dominique Gaillard, Raphael Kazes, Mathilde Krebs, Marie-Odile TI Subjects at Ultra High Risk for psychosis have 'heterogeneous' intellectual functioning profile: A multiple-case study SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adolescents; Early detection; High functioning; Intelligence; Neuropsychological; Schizophrenia ID NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEFICITS; NEUROCOGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; PRODROMAL SCHIZOPHRENIA; INDIVIDUALS; MEMORY; ONSET; COGNITION; ILLNESS; AUTISM; STATE AB In Ultra High Risk (UHR) studies, intellectual functioning is commonly assessed using premorbid IQ tools as a covariate. The aim of this study was to show that the use of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) could yield accurate neuropsychological profiling and that an alternative approach such as a multiple-case study could be a more interesting way to isolate discrete cognitive processes in the early stage of illness. The studied population consisted of 198 adolescents and young adults (16-30 y.o.) referred to our outpatient clinic. After the CAARMS' interview, we defined 3 subgroups: UHR (N = 104), First Episode (FE; N = 30), and Help-Seekers (HS; N = 64) who were neither UHR nor psychotic. Intellectual functioning was assessed by the WAIS-III (9 subtests version) and 'heterogeneous' intellectual profiles were defined based on the existence of a 3-point difference in scoring at subtests constitutive of the same WAIS index. While UHR did not differ from FE or HS on WAIS' scores and sub-scores, the multiple-case study indicated a higher proportion of 'heterogeneous' profiles in the Verbal Comprehension Index in the UHR sample than in FE and HS (p = 0.04). The disease progression could heterogeneously impact on specific domains, in patterns depending on the stage of the illness. This approach exploring intra-subject WAIS performances might be more relevant than the use of global scores in detecting the subtle cognitive alteration of emerging psychosis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Magaud, Emilie; Morvan, Yannick; Rampazzo, Alice; Alexandre, Charlotte; Willard, Dominique; Gaillard, Raphael; Krebs, Marie-Odile] Univ Paris 05, PRES Paris Sorbonne Cite, Lab Physiopathol Malad Psychiat, INSERM,Ctr Psychiat & Neurosci, Paris, France. [Magaud, Emilie; Rampazzo, Alice; Alexandre, Charlotte; Willard, Dominique; Gaillard, Raphael; Kazes, Mathilde; Krebs, Marie-Odile] Hop St Anne, Ctr Evaluat Jeunes Adultes & Adolescents CJAAD, Serv Hosp Univ, Fac Med Paris Descartes, F-75674 Paris, France. [Morvan, Yannick] Univ Reims, Lab Cognit, C2S, EA6291, F-51100 Reims, France. RP Magaud, E (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Mathison Ctr Mental Hlth Res & Educ, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. EM emagaud@ucalgary.ca FU Fondation MGEN (Mire-Dress funding); Inserm Collaborative Network "Transition" (Inserm grant); PHRC National AOM ICAAR [07-118]; Fondation Deniker and Hopital Sainte-Anne, Paris, FRANCE FX This study was supported by the following: Fondation MGEN (Mire-Dress funding); Inserm Collaborative Network "Transition" (Inserm grant); PHRC National AOM ICAAR 07-118; and Fondation Deniker and Hopital Sainte-Anne, Paris, FRANCE. These organizations had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. 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SO AUTISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUNDED THEORY; CHILDREN; PARENTS; EXPERIENCES CR Bolte S, 2011, KONTAKT SWEDISH VERS Brown C., 2001, ADV PSYCHIAT TREATME, V7, P350, DOI DOI 10.1192/APT.7.5.350 Calder L, 2013, AUTISM, V17, P296, DOI 10.1177/1362361312467866 Chen LS, 2013, GENET MED, V15, P274, DOI 10.1038/gim.2012.145 Fleischmann A, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P299, DOI 10.1177/1362361305054410 Gray DE, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P970, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00933.x Herbrecht E, 2009, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V18, P327, DOI 10.1007/s00787-008-0734-4 Kisely S, 2011, AUSTRALAS PSYCHIATRY, V19, P364, DOI 10.3109/10398562.2011.562508 Razafsha M, 2012, METHODS MOL BIOL, V829, P49, DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-458-2_3 Smith RS, 2013, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V43, P891, DOI 10.1007/s10803-012-1633-6 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD FEB PY 2014 VL 18 IS 2 BP 67 EP 68 DI 10.1177/1362361313517367 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 292SC UT WOS:000329921500001 PM 24596959 ER PT J AU Kuenssberg, R Murray, AL Booth, T McKenzie, K AF Kuenssberg, Renate Murray, Aja L. Booth, Tom McKenzie, Karen TI Structural validation of the abridged Autism Spectrum Quotient-Short Form in a clinical sample of people with autism spectrum disorders SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Quotient; confirmatory factor analysis; psychometric evaluation ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SEX-DIFFERENCES; AQ; ADULTS; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY AB The primary aim of this article was to provide a structural validation of the 28-item Autism Spectrum Quotient-Short Form questionnaire in a sample of adults with clinically diagnosed autism spectrum disorders (n = 148). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the proposed structure, comprising a second-order Social Skills factor subsuming first-order factors of Social Skills, Routine, Switching and Imagination, and a Numbers/Patterns factor showed good acceptable fit to the data ((2) = 464.27(345), p < .05; comparative fit index = .91; Tucker Lewis index = .90; root mean squared error of approximation = .048; weighted root mean square residual = 0.98). Summed mean scores for the total sample, and males and females separately, showed no significant differences to previously reported means, with the exception of Numbers/Patterns, for which the current sample reported significantly lower means in both males (t = 3.37, p < 0.001) and females (t = 2.33, p < 0.05). The results provide support for both the proposed structure of the AQ-S and the stability of total and subscale mean scores in different samples of participants with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses. 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Y., 2002, THESIS U CALIFORNIA NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD FEB PY 2014 VL 18 IS 2 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1177/1362361312467708 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 292SC UT WOS:000329921500002 PM 23188884 ER PT J AU Wiggins, LD Piazza, V Robins, DL AF Wiggins, Lisa D. Piazza, Vivian Robins, Diana L. TI Comparison of a broad-based screen versus disorder-specific screen in detecting young children with an autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status; screening ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; PRIMARY-CARE; RELIABILITY; DIAGNOSIS; TODDLERS; SAMPLE; TIME AB The goals of our study were to (a) compare agreement between autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and outcome of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status in a sample of toddlers and (b) examine specific concerns noted for toddlers who screened negative on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers or Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status but were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Participants were administered the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status during well-child visits. Families were invited for a clinical evaluation if autism spectrum disorder symptoms were noted on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Follow-Up Interview or if autism spectrum disorder concerns were noted by the pediatrician. Fifty-two children completed the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status, and a clinical evaluation, and 30 of these children were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers results showed higher agreement with autism spectrum disorder diagnosis than any individual Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status screen result, although the latter detected many children with other developmental concerns. Children who screened negative on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers or Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status but were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder had concerns noted in sensory response and proto-declarative pointing that can be considered in the context of screen results. In sum, our findings support universal autism spectrum disorder-specific screening in addition to general developmental screening and offer considerations to encourage early identification of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Wiggins, Lisa D.; Piazza, Vivian; Robins, Diana L.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wiggins, LD (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. 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Luyster, Rhiannon Spencer, Amelia Gunn Lord, Catherine TI Attachment in young children with autism spectrum disorders: An examination of separation and reunion behaviors with both mothers and fathers SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; Attachment; parents; fathers ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PARENTAL SENSITIVITY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; 2ND YEAR; MECHANISMS; SECURITY; FAMILIES; QUALITY AB Most studies examining attachment in children with autism spectrum disorder used a strange situation paradigm and have found few significant group differences between children with autism spectrum disorder and comparisons. However, these studies predominantly used formal attachment categorizations (e.g. secure vs insecure), a method that may obscure more nuanced differences between groups. In this study, we utilized a qualitative approach to examine attachment behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Based on the results of previous studies, we looked at (a) parental gender, (b) child diagnosis, and (c) child cognitive skills to examine the role of these three factors on attachment behaviors elicited during a modified strange situation paradigm. Participants were 2- to 3-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 166) or nonspectrum disorders (n = 45), as well as a sample of 56 children with typical development. Over the three groups, 393 observations of a modified strange situation paradigm with mothers and 127 observations with fathers were collected. Parental gender, child diagnosis, and child cognitive skills each had significant main effects on attachment behaviors elicited during reunion. These results underscore the importance of the father's role in parent-child interactions, with implications for both clinical and research efforts. In addition, the results emphasize the importance of considering a child's diagnosis and cognitive skills when examining attachment behaviors. C1 [Grzadzinski, Rebecca L.; Lord, Catherine] Weill Cornell Med Coll, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. [Grzadzinski, Rebecca L.; Lord, Catherine] New York Presbyterian Hosp, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. [Grzadzinski, Rebecca L.] Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Luyster, Rhiannon] Emerson Coll, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Spencer, Amelia Gunn] Birmingham Southern Coll, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Grzadzinski, RL (reprint author), Weill Cornell Med Coll, Ctr Autism & Dev Brain, 21 Bloomingdale Rd,Bard House, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. 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Leezenbaum, Nina B. Iverson, Jana M. TI Object exploration at 6 and 9 months in infants with and without risk for autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; motor development; object exploration ID MANIPULATIVE EXPLORATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ATTENTION; CHILDREN; SIBLINGS; BEHAVIOR; DISENGAGEMENT; COMMUNICATION; PERCEPTION AB During the first year of life, infants spend substantial amounts of time exploring objects they encounter in their daily environments. Perceptuo-motor information gained through these experiences provides a foundation for later developmental advances in cognition and language. This study aims to examine developmental trajectories of visual, oral, and manual object exploration in infants with and without risk for autism spectrum disorder before the age of 1 year. A total of 31 infants, 15 of whom had an older sibling with autism and who were therefore at heightened risk for autism spectrum disorder, played with sounding and nonsounding rattles at 6 and 9 months of age. The results suggest that heightened-risk infants lag behind their low-risk peers in the exploration of objects. The findings are discussed in terms of how delays in object exploration in infancy may have cascading effects in other domains. C1 [Koterba, Erin A.] Univ Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Leezenbaum, Nina B.; Iverson, Jana M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Koterba, EA (reprint author), Univ Tampa, Dept Psychol, Box Q,401 W Kennedy Blvd, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. 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TI Sex differences and within-family associations in the broad autism phenotype SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; broad autism phenotype; endophenotype; gender; personality; pragmatic language; sex ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; MULTIPLE-INCIDENCE; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; PARENTS; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; RELATIVES; LANGUAGE AB While there is a strong sex bias in the presentation of autism, it is unknown whether this bias is also present in subclinical manifestations of autism among relatives, or the broad autism phenotype. This study examined this question and investigated patterns of co-occurrence of broad autism phenotype traits within families of individuals with autism. Pragmatic language and personality features of the broad autism phenotype were studied in 42 fathers and 50 mothers of individuals with autism using direct assessment tools used in prior family studies of the broad autism phenotype. Higher rates of aloof personality style were detected among fathers, while no sex differences were detected for other broad autism phenotype traits. Within individuals, pragmatic language features were associated with the social personality styles of the broad autism phenotype in mothers but not in fathers. A number of broad autism phenotype features were correlated within spousal pairs. Finally, the associations were detected between paternal broad autism phenotype characteristics and the severity of children's autism symptoms in all three domains (social, communication, and repetitive behaviors). Mother-child correlations were detected for aspects of communication only. Together, the findings suggest that most features of the broad autism phenotype express comparably in males and females and raise some specific questions about how such features might inform studies of the genetic basis of autism. C1 [Klusek, Jessica; Martin, Gary E.] Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Klusek, Jessica; Martin, Gary E.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Losh, Molly] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Losh, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Roxelyn & Richard Pepper Dept Commun Sci & Disord, 2240 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 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The objectives were to determine autism spectrum disorder prevalence in the year 2006 in New Jersey and to identify changes in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder or in the characteristics of the children with autism spectrum disorder, between 2002 and 2006. The cohorts included 30,570 children, born in 1998 and 28,936 children, born in 1994, residing in Hudson, Union, and Ocean counties, New Jersey. Point prevalence estimates by sex, ethnicity, autism spectrum disorder subtype, and previous autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were determined. For 2006, a total of 533 children with autism spectrum disorder were identified, consistent with prevalence of 17.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval = 15.9-18.9), indicating a significant increase in the autism spectrum disorder prevalence (p < 0.001), between 2002 (10.6 per 1000) and 2006. The rise in autism spectrum disorder was broad, affecting major demographic groups and subtypes. Boys with autism spectrum disorder outnumbered girls by nearly 5:1. Autism spectrum disorder prevalence was higher among White children than children of other ethnicities. Additional studies are needed to specify the influence of better awareness of autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates and to identify possible autism spectrum disorder risk factors. More resources are necessary to address the needs of individuals affected by autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Zahorodny, Walter; Rosato, Nancy Scotto] New Jersey Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ USA. [Shenouda, Josephine; Peng, Bo] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Howell, Sandra] New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. [Mehta, Uday] Childrens Specialized Hosp, Mountainside, NJ USA. RP Zahorodny, W (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Room F-570 MSB,185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. 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TI Examining restricted and repetitive behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorder during two observational contexts SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; naturalistic observation; repetitive behaviors; restricted interests ID DEVELOPMENTAL PROFILE; EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; FOLLOW-UP; 2ND YEAR; LIFE; AGE; COMMUNICATION; RELIABILITY; AGREEMENT AB This prospective study of the FIRST WORDS (R) Project examined restricted and repetitive behaviors in a sample of 55 toddlers at a mean age of 20 months who were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Restricted and repetitive behaviors were coded using the Repetitive Movement and Restricted Interest Scales in two video-recorded observation methods-structured sampling procedures in a clinic and naturalistic everyday activities at home. Measures of restricted and repetitive behaviors were higher in the clinic setting than in the home observation, especially for behaviors involving object use. Repetitive movements with objects in the clinic predicted nonverbal developmental scores and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule social affect scores at later follow-up. In contrast, repetitive movements with objects at home significantly predicted later Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule restricted and repetitive behaviors scores. These results support the utility of the Repetitive Movement and Restricted Interest Scales to detect restricted and repetitive behaviors in toddlers and suggest that observations of restricted and repetitive behaviors in clinic and home settings may provide unique and important diagnostic information for improving early detection of autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Stronach, Sheri; Wetherby, Amy M.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. RP Stronach, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Med, Autism Inst, 1940 North Monroe St Suite 72, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. 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TI Pitch discrimination and melodic memory in children with autism spectrum disorders SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE absolute pitch; autism; melodic memory; pitch discrimination; visual nonverbal reasoning ability ID ABSOLUTE PITCH; PERCEPTION; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; LANGUAGE; CONTOUR; ABILITY; SPEECH; IMPAIRMENT; COMPONENTS AB Background: Pitch perception is enhanced among persons with autism. We extended this finding to memory for pitch and melody among school-aged children. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate pitch memory in musically untrained children with autism spectrum disorders, aged 7-13 years, and to compare it to that of age- and IQ-matched typically developing children. Methods: The children were required to discriminate isolated tones in two differing contexts as well to remember melodies after a period of 1 week. The tasks were designed to employ both short- and long-term memory for music. For the pitch discrimination task, the children first had to indicate whether two isolated tones were the same or different when the second was the same or had been altered to be 25, 35, or 45 cents sharp or flat. Second, the children discriminated the tones within the context of melody. They were asked whether two melodies were the same or different when the leading tone of the second melody was the same or had been altered to be 25, 35, or 45 cents sharp or flat. Long-term memory for melody was also investigated, as the children attempted to recall four different two-bar melodies after 1 week. Results: The children with autism spectrum disorders demonstrated elevated pitch discrimination ability in the single-tone and melodic context as well as superior long-term memory for melody. Pitch memory correlated positively with scores on measures of nonverbal fluid reasoning ability. 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Szatmari, Peter Modi, Bonnie M. Tanel, Nadia Brian, Jessica TI Immunization uptake in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-polio; immunization; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; younger siblings ID MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; VACCINATION; VACCINES; MEASLES; MMR; PARENTS; MUMPS AB Background: Parental concerns persist that immunization increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder, resulting in the potential for reduced uptake by parents of younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (younger sibs). Objective: To compare immunization uptake by parents for their younger child relative to their older child with autism spectrum disorder (proband) and controls. Design: Immunization status was obtained for 98 younger sibs, 98 probands, and 65 controls. Results: A significant group difference emerged for overall immunization status (Fisher's exact test = 62.70, p < .001). One or more immunizations in 59/98 younger sibs were delayed (47/98; 48%) or declined (12/98; 12.2%); immunizations were delayed in 16/98 probands (16.3%) and declined in only one. All controls were fully immunized, with only 6 (9.2%) delayed. Within the younger sibs group, 25/98 received an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis; 7 of whom (28%) were fully immunized. The rates of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis did not differ between immunized and nonimmunized younger sib groups, although small sample size limits interpretability of this result. Conclusion: Parents who already have one child with autism spectrum disorder may delay or decline immunization for their younger children, potentially placing them at increased risk of preventable infectious diseases. C1 [Abu Kuwaik, Ghassan; Roberts, Wendy; Brian, Jessica] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Abu Kuwaik, Ghassan; Roberts, Wendy; Modi, Bonnie M.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Roberts, Wendy; Brian, Jessica] Bloorview Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie] Glenrose Rehabil Hosp, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Bryson, Susan; Smith, Isabel M.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Bryson, Susan; Smith, Isabel M.] IWK Hlth Ctr, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Szatmari, Peter] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Tanel, Nadia; Brian, Jessica] Holland Bloorview Kids Rehab Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Brian, J (reprint author), Holland Bloorview Kids Rehab Hosp, Bloorview Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. 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A total of 62 adolescent males with (n = 31) and without (n = 31) autism spectrum disorders aged 10-17 years completed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (2nd ed.), the BROCKPORT Physical Fitness Test, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis. The main findings are as follows: (1) adolescents with autism spectrum disorders had significantly lower scores on all motor proficiency and fitness measures, except body composition, than adolescents without autism spectrum disorders and that (2) the types of associations between the two measures differed significantly across the groups. Specific interventions to maximize motor proficiency and physical fitness in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders are urgently needed. C1 [Pan, Chien-Yu] Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Kaohsiung 80201, Taiwan. RP Pan, CY (reprint author), Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, 116 He Ping First Rd, Kaohsiung 80201, Taiwan. 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P., 1999, BROCKPORT PHYS FITNE NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD FEB PY 2014 VL 18 IS 2 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1177/1362361312458597 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 292SC UT WOS:000329921500011 PM 22987891 ER PT J AU Tonge, B Brereton, A Kiomall, M Mackinnon, A Rinehart, NJ AF Tonge, Bruce Brereton, Avril Kiomall, Melissa Mackinnon, Andrew Rinehart, Nicole J. TI A randomised group comparison controlled trial of 'preschoolers with autism': A parent education and skills training intervention for young children with autistic disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; parent education; evidence-based; preschoolers ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; SYMPTOMS; TODDLERS; PROGRAM; PEOPLE AB Aim: To determine the effect of parent education on adaptive behaviour, autism symptoms and cognitive/language skills of young children with autistic disorder. Method: A randomised group comparison design involving a parent education and counselling intervention and a parent education and behaviour management intervention to control for parent skills training and a control sample. Two rural and two metropolitan regions were randomly allocated to intervention groups (n = 70) or control (n = 35). Parents from autism assessment services in the intervention regions were randomly allocated to parent education and behaviour management (n = 35) or parent education and counselling (n = 35). Results: Parent education and behaviour management resulted in significant improvement in adaptive behaviour and autism symptoms at 6 months follow-up for children with greater delays in adaptive behaviour. Parent education and behaviour management was superior to parent education and counselling. We conclude that a 20-week parent education programme including skills training for parents of young children with autistic disorder provides significant improvements in child adaptive behaviour and symptoms of autism for low-functioning children. C1 [Tonge, Bruce; Brereton, Avril; Kiomall, Melissa; Rinehart, Nicole J.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Mackinnon, Andrew] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Tonge, B (reprint author), Monash Univ, Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Sch Psychol & Psychiat, Monash Med Ctr, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. 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TI Referral pattern and special interests in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome: a Turkish referred sample SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; children; diagnosis; interests; referral ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DISORDER; OBSESSIONS; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS; VALIDITY AB Objectives: To investigate the most frequent reasons for referral, the most common special interests, age at first referral to a mental health service, and the age of diagnosis in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome living in Turkey. Methods: This study includes 61 children and adolescents diagnosed with Asperger syndrome using strict DSM-IV criteria. Results: The mean age at first referral was 7.9 whereas the mean age when Asperger syndrome was diagnosed was 9.9, which is compatible with other studies. The most frequent reasons for the first referral were attention deficits, hyperactivity, and academic failure, and the most common special interest area was electronic devicess, computer, and technical interests. Conclusions: The types of special interests and referral reasons in our Asperger syndrome sample are very similar to the interest areas and referral reasons of individuals with Asperger syndrome from developed western countries indicating the universality of symptoms. It could be concluded that children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome may refer to mental health services with a variety of symptoms; therefore, it is important to make a detailed assessment of social difficulties especially in school-age children and adolescents for the differential diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. C1 [Tanidir, Canan; Mukaddes, Nahit M.] Istanbul Univ, TR-34510 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Tanidir, C (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Enverpasa Cad Regnum Elitkent Sitesi 3B Daire 25, TR-34510 Istanbul, Turkey. 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Data were collected in three regions of France, using a questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study. Among the 530 families contacted, 212 filled in the questionnaire (response rate = 40.8%). Results showed that parents were globally satisfied with providers' involvement and motivation, but they felt they were not involved enough in their child's individualized program, that communication with providers was insufficient and that the services lacked ASD's specific tools and interventions. Among all families interviewed, parents of adolescents were the most unsatisfied and we hypothesized that this could be due to the specific issues regarding developmental changes and concern about the future at this period of life. Congruently with the literature, variables related to parental overall satisfaction were a regular communication with professionals, a specific, regularly updated individual program in which parents are associated, and specialized tools and interventions. The implications of these findings are discussed as well as future directions for clinicians to improve service delivery and allow the persons with ASD and their families to be more involved in the services. C1 [Rattaz, Cecile; Ledesert, Bernard; Baghdadli, Amaria] Autism Resources Ctr, Montpellier, France. [Rattaz, Cecile; Ledesert, Bernard; Baghdadli, Amaria] Univ Montpellier, Lab Epsylon, EA 4556, F-34295 Montpellier 5, France. [Masson, Olivier] Autism Resources Ctr, Lille, France. [Ouss, Lisa] Autism Resources Ctr, Paris, France. [Ropers, Geraldine] Autism Resources Ctr, Besancon, France. RP Rattaz, C (reprint author), CHRU Montpellier, Dept Univ Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, Ctr Ressources Autisme Languedoc Roussillon, 291 Ave Doyen Giraud, F-34295 Montpellier 5, France. 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TI Relationship satisfaction, parenting stress, and depression in mothers of children with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE parents; depression; autism; relationship ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-ADULTS; IMPACT; WELL; SEVERITY AB Mothers of children with autism report higher levels of depression than mothers of children with other developmental disabilities. We explored the relations between child characteristics of diagnostic severity and problem behaviors, parenting stress, relationship quality, and depressive symptoms in 70 mothers of young children with autism. We hypothesized that relationship quality and parenting stress would relate to maternal depression beyond contributions of child characteristics. Multiple regression analysis revealed a main effect of parenting stress above and beyond child problem behaviors and autism severity. A significant interaction emerged, with relationship quality buffering the effect of parenting stress on depression. Results suggest that the relation between child problem behaviors and maternal depression should be considered in conjunction with other measures of marriage and family stress. Relationship quality and parenting stress may also represent important factors to be explicitly considered within intervention paradigms for young children with autism spectrum disorders. C1 [Weitlauf, Amy S.; Vehorn, Alison C.; Taylor, Julie L.; Warren, Zachary E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Weitlauf, AS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, TRIAD, PMB 74,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM amy.s.weitlauf@vanderbilt.edu CR Abidin RR, 1995, PARENTING STRESS IND Achenbach TM, 2001, ACHENBACH CHILD BEHA Benson PR, 2011, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V41, P1675, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1198-9 Blacher J, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P184, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00768.x Carter AS, 2009, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V65, P1270, DOI 10.1002/jclp.20634 Elliot C. 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B., 1989, MANUAL DYADIC ADJUST Sparrow S., 2005, VINELAND 2 ADAPTIVE, V2nd Taylor JL, 2011, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1411 Warren Z. E., 2011, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P1269 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD FEB PY 2014 VL 18 IS 2 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1177/1362361312458039 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 292SC UT WOS:000329921500015 PM 22987895 ER PT J AU Tomeny, TS Barry, TD Bader, SH AF Tomeny, Theodore S. Barry, Tammy D. Bader, Stephanie H. TI Birth order rank as a moderator of the relation between behavior problems among children with an autism spectrum disorder and their siblings SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; behavior problems; birth order; siblings ID ADJUSTMENT; QUESTIONNAIRE; DISABILITIES; PDD AB Variability within the literature investigating typically-developing siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder suggests that the quality of sibling outcomes may depend on specific factors. For this study, 42 parents of a child with an autism spectrum disorder and a typically- developing sibling provided data via online questionnaires. Birth order rank of the child with an autism spectrum disorder significantly moderated the relation between externalizing behaviors in children with an autism spectrum disorder and externalizing behaviors in their typically-developing siblings. Children with an autism spectrum disorder and higher levels of behavior problems had typically-developing siblings with higher levels of behavior problems only when the child with an autism spectrum disorder was older. These results provide a hint of clarification about the complex nature of sibling relations, but a great deal more research is needed to further examine outcomes of typically-developing siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Tomeny, Theodore S.; Barry, Tammy D.] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Bader, Stephanie H.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Barry, TD (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Psychol, 118 Coll Dr,5025, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. 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Bobrow, Dylan N. Nyby, John G. TI Obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in house mice are attenuated by a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) SO BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluoxetine; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; locomotor activity; mice; OCD; open field; perseveration; probiotics; RU 24969; SRI ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; GUT MICROBIOTA; BRAIN; MOUSE; COMMUNICATION; FLUOXETINE; DEPRESSION; DIARRHEA; STRESS AB Two experiments examined probiotic pretreatment (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-like behavior induction by RU 24969 in BALB/cJ house mice. In the first experiment, two groups were defined by their daily pretreatment by oral gavage of either (a) L. rhamnosus (1x10(9) CFU/day) or (b) the saline vehicle. Both a 2- and 4-week probiotic pretreatment attenuated OCD-like behavior induction (increased perseverative open-field locomotion, stereotypic turning, and marble burying) relative to saline pretreatment. Experiment 2 re-examined the 2-week probiotic pretreatment while also comparing it to a 4-week fluoxetine pretreatment. Again, groups were defined by daily pretreatment of either (a) L. rhamnosus for 2 weeks, (b) the saline vehicle for 2 weeks, or (c) fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Pretreatment by either L. rhamnosus or fluoxetine blocked the induction of OCD-like behavior compared with saline pretreatment. Thus the 2-week probiotic pretreatment was again effective. Although side effects of fluoxetine or L. rhamnosus on androgen-dependent behaviors could not be demonstrated, L. rhamnosus treatment appeared comparable to fluoxetine treatment in attenuating mouse OCD-like behaviors. C1 [Kantak, Pranish A.; Bobrow, Dylan N.; Nyby, John G.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Nyby, JG (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 111 Res Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM jgn2@lehigh.edu FU Department of Biological Sciences; College of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania FX This research was supported by undergraduate research grants to P.A.K. and D.N.B. from the Department of Biological Sciences and from the College of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The authors thank Dr Michael Kuchka and Jennifer Colquhoun for assistance in bacterial culturing, and Carly Garrison, Maura Heffernan, and Lynda Asadourian for assistance in behavioral data collection. They also thank Dr Neville Alberto for his advice in the development of this project. Finally, the authors thank three anonymous reviewers and editor Jack Bergman for their helpful comments. 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Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000013 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 291YM UT WOS:000329868800008 PM 24257436 ER PT J AU Guerini, FR Bolognesi, E Chiappedi, M Manca, S Ghezzo, A Agliardi, C Zanette, M Littera, R Carcassi, C Sotgiu, S Clerici, M AF Guerini, Franca R. Bolognesi, Elisabetta Chiappedi, Matteo Manca, Salvatorica Ghezzo, Alessandro Agliardi, Cristina Zanette, Michela Littera, Roberto Carcassi, Carlo Sotgiu, Stefano Clerici, Mario TI Activating KIR molecules and their cognate ligands prevail in children with a diagnosis of ASD and in their mothers SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor; Kir genes; Human leukocyte antigens; HLA ligands; Autism; Natural killer cells; Maternal immunity ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; RISK-FACTORS; FETAL-BRAIN; HLA-B; AUTOANTIBODIES; RECOGNITION; ANTIBODIES; COMPLEX; PROTEIN AB The activity of natural killer (NK) cells is modulated by the interaction between killer-cell immune globulin-like receptor (KIR) proteins and their cognate HLA ligands; activated NK cells produce inflammatory cytokines and mediate innate immune responses. Activating KIR/HLA complexes (aKIR/HLA) were recently suggested to prevail in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by brain and behavioral abnormalities and associated with a degree of inflammation. We verified whether such findings could be confirmed by analyzing two sample cohorts of Sardinian and continental Italian ASD children and their mothers. Results showed that aKIR/HLA are increased whereas inhibitory KIR/HLA complexes are reduced in ASD children; notably this skewing was even more significant in their mothers. KIR and HLA molecules are expressed by placental cells and by the trophoblast and their interactions result in immune activation and influence fetal, as well as central nervous system development and plasticity. Data herein suggest that in utero KIR/HLA immune interactions favor immune activation in ASD; this may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Guerini, Franca R.; Bolognesi, Elisabetta; Agliardi, Cristina; Zanette, Michela; Clerici, Mario] Fdn Don C Gnocchi, IRCCS, I-20148 Milan, Italy. [Chiappedi, Matteo] C Mondino Natl Neurol Inst, Child Neurol & Psychiat Unit, Pavia, Italy. [Manca, Salvatorica] Unit Neuropsychiat Infants & Adolescents UONPIA, Sassari, Italy. [Ghezzo, Alessandro] Univ Bologna, Dept Expt Diagnost Specialty Med, Assoc Nazl Famiglie Persone Con Disabilita Intell, Macerata, Italy. [Littera, Roberto; Carcassi, Carlo] R Binaghi Hosp, Reg Transplant Ctr, Cagliari, Italy. [Carcassi, Carlo] Univ Cagliari, Dept Med Sci Mario Aresu, Cagliari, Italy. [Sotgiu, Stefano] Univ Sassari, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Sect Child Neuropsychiat, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Clerici, Mario] Univ Milan, Dept Pathophysiol & Transplantat, Milan, Italy. RP Guerini, FR (reprint author), Fdn Don C Gnocchi, IRCCS S Maria Nascente, Lab Mol Med & Biotechnol, Via Capecelatro 66, I-20148 Milan, Italy. EM fguerini@dongnocchi.it FU Italian Ministry of Health FX Supported by Ricerca Corrente 2011 and Ricerca Finalizzata 2009 [Italian Ministry of Health]. 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Immun. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 36 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 293BJ UT WOS:000329946100008 PM 24120931 ER PT J AU Ronconi, L Basso, D Gori, S Facoetti, A AF Ronconi, Luca Basso, Demis Gori, Simone Facoetti, Andrea TI TMS on Right Frontal Eye Fields Induces an Inflexible Focus of Attention SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE attentional scaling; frontal cortex; pervasive developmental disorder; reading disorder; visual attention ID TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VISUAL-SPATIAL ATTENTION; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; TOP-DOWN; PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATE; VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION; ZOOM LENS; SEARCH; CORTEX AB The focus of spatial attention can be not only oriented to a particular location, but also adjusted in its size to select visual information from a narrow (zoom-in) or broad (zoom-out) region of the visual field. Attentional orienting, saccades programming, and visual search have been linked to the frontal eye fields (FEF) activity. However, the FEF causal role in the frontoparietal network for the attentional focus size modulation remains unclear. Here, we delivered single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on FEF while participants performed an attentional zooming task. They were asked to detect a visual target appearing at 3 eccentricities from the fixation. Two cue types modulated the size of the attended region: a small cue was employed to narrow the attentional focus, whereas a large cue induced participants to broaden the attended region. Results showed that TMS delivered on the right FEF, but not on the left FEF, was able to interfere with both zoom-in and zoom-out attentional mechanisms. Our results provide the first evidence of the right FEF casual role in the attentional zooming control and give new insights into the neural mechanisms of dysfunctional spatial attention deployment shown in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and dyslexia. C1 [Ronconi, Luca; Gori, Simone; Facoetti, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dept Gen Psychol, Dev & Cognit Neurosci Lab, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Basso, Demis] Free Univ Bozen Bolzano, Fac Educ, Bolzano, Italy. [Gori, Simone; Facoetti, Andrea] Sci Inst E Medea, Dev Neuropsychol Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy. RP Facoetti, A (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Psicol Gen, Via Venezia 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM andreafacoetti@unipd.it RI Facoetti, Andrea/C-2876-2009 FU University of Padua; Ca.Ri.Pa.Ro Foundation FX This work was supported by a grant from University of Padua ("Assegni di Ricerca 2009 and 2011" to S.G. and "Progetto di Ateneo 2009 and 2011" to A.F.) and Ca.Ri.Pa.Ro Foundation ("Progetto di Eccellenza 2011" to L.R., S.G. and A.F.). 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TI Chromosomal microarray analysis of consecutive individuals with autism spectrum disorders or learning disability presenting for genetic services SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); Developmental delay; Learning disability; Chromosomal microarray analysis; Copy number variant (CNV) ID LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; SIBLINGS RESEARCH CONSORTIUM; GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; COPY NUMBER VARIANTS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BEHAVIORAL-PROBLEMS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MICRODELETION SYNDROME AB Chromosomal microarray analysis is now commonly used in clinical practice to identify copy number variants (CNVs) in the human genome. We report our experience with the use of the 105 K and 180 K oligonudeotide microarrays in 215 consecutive patients referred with either autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or developmental delay/learning disability for genetic services at the University of Kansas Medical Center during the past 4 years (2009-2012). Of the 215 patients [140 males and 75 females (male/female ratio = 1.87); 65 with ASD and 150 with learning disability], abnormal microarray results were seen in 45 individuals (21%) with a total of 49 CNVs. Of these findings, 32 represented a known diagnostic CNV contributing to the clinical presentation and 17 represented non-diagnostic CNVs (variants of unknown significance). Thirteen patients with ASD had a total of 14 CNVs, 6 CNVs recognized as diagnostic and 8 as non-diagnostic. The most common chromosome involved in the ASD group was chromosome 15. For those with a learning disability, 32 patients had a total of 35 CNVs. Twenty-six of the 35 CNVs were classified as a known diagnostic CNV, usually a deletion (n = 20). Nine CNVs were classified as an unknown non-diagnostic CNV, usually a duplication (n = 8). For the learning disability subgroup, chromosomes 2 and 22 were most involved. Thirteen out of 65 patients (20%) with ASD had a CNV compared with 32 out of 150 patients (21%) with a learning disability. The frequency of chromosomal microarray abnormalities compared by subject group or gender was not statistically different. A higher percentage of individuals with a learning disability had clinical findings of seizures, dysmorphic features and microcephaly, but not statistically significant. While both groups contained more males than females, a significantly higher percentage of males were present in the ASD group. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roberts, Jennifer L.; Manzardo, Ann M.; Butler, Merlin G.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Roberts, Jennifer L.; Manzardo, Ann M.; Butler, Merlin G.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Roberts, Jennifer L.; Manzardo, Ann M.; Butler, Merlin G.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Hovanes, Karine] CombiMatrix Diagnost, Irvine, CA USA. [Dasouki, Majed] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Dasouki, Majed] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. RP Butler, MG (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 3901 Rainbow Blvd,MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. 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Hasi, Minire Soileau, Bridgette Heard, Patricia Carter, Erika Sebold, Courtney O'Donnell, Louise Perry, Brian Stratton, Robert F. Hale, Daniel E. TI Establishing a reference group for distal 18q-: clinical description and molecular basis SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; DELETION SYNDROME; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; ANOMALIES; SPECTRUM; AUTISM AB Although constitutional chromosome abnormalities have been recognized since the 1960s, clinical characterization and development of treatment options have been hampered by their obvious genetic complexity and relative rarity. Additionally, deletions of 18q are particularly heterogeneous, with no two people having the same breakpoints. We identified 16 individuals with deletions that, despite unique breakpoints, encompass the same set of genes within a 17.6-Mb region. This group represents the most genotypically similar group yet identified with distal 18q deletions. As the deletion is of average size when compared with other 18q deletions, this group can serve as a reference point for the clinical and molecular description of this condition. We performed a thorough medical record review as well as a series of clinical evaluations on 14 of the 16 individuals. Common functional findings included developmental delays, hypotonia, growth hormone deficiency, and hearing loss. Structural anomalies included foot anomalies, ear canal atresia/stenosis, and hypospadias. The majority of individuals performed within the low normal range of cognitive ability but had more serious deficits in adaptive abilities. Of interest, the hemizygous region contains 38 known genes, 26 of which are sufficiently understood to tentatively determine dosage sensitivity. Published data suggest that 20 are unlikely to cause an abnormal phenotype in the hemizygous state and five are likely to be dosage sensitive: TNX3, NETO1, ZNF407, TSHZ1, and NFATC. A sixth gene, ATP9B, may be conditionally dosage sensitive. Not all distal 18q- phenotypes can be attributed to these six genes; however, this is an important advance in the molecular characterization of 18q deletions. C1 [Cody, Jannine D.; Hasi, Minire; Soileau, Bridgette; Heard, Patricia; Carter, Erika; Sebold, Courtney; O'Donnell, Louise; Stratton, Robert F.; Hale, Daniel E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Cody, Jannine D.] Chromosome 18 Registry & Res Soc, San Antonio, TX USA. [O'Donnell, Louise] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Perry, Brian] Ear Med Grp, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cody, JD (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM cody@uthscsa.edu FU Chromosome 18 Registry and Research Society; MacDonald family; UTHSCSA, Institute for the Integration of Medicine and Science [UL1TR000149 NCATS/NIH] FX Foremost, the authors wish to thank the families who are participants in the Chromosome 18 Clinical Research Center, for their ongoing commitment to this work and to our shared vision of a smoother road for future families. This work was primarily funded by the Chromosome 18 Registry and Research Society and the MacDonald family. Additional support was provided through the UTHSCSA, Institute for the Integration of Medicine and Science (UL1TR000149 NCATS/NIH). 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SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; early identification; early intervention; autism spectrum disorder screening; autism spectrum disorder treatment ID LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS AB Over the past decade, there has been increased interest in identifying autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in toddlers. Although there is a strong rationale for identifying ASD early and delivering effective intervention, a recent report in the journal Pediatrics raises important questions about the scientific evidence currently available supporting early intervention. In addition, the British National Health Service (NHS) has not adopted universal screening for autism, even though the American (US) Academy of Pediatrics endorsed a recommendation that all toddlers be screened for ASD by the age of 24 months (in 2007). The goal of this initiative is to identify and, where indicated, provide early intervention for autism and ASD. Although it is inarguable that this is a worthwhile and laudable goal, the systematic study of this goal is confounded by the inherent difficulty in reliably identifying autism in 24-month-old toddlers. It is challenging to demonstrate intervention effects in the absence of randomly assigned control groups in an increasingly heterogeneous ASD population. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current literature on early identification and early intervention in autism and ASD and to provide a framework for examining these issues. C1 [Camarata, Stephen] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Camarata, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hearing & Speech Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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Reichow, Brian TI Infants and toddlers with autism: The promise and the challenges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; treatment; early intervention; screening; diagnosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; SIBLINGS; IV AB There has been a marked increase in interest in early identification of young children with and at risk for autism. This interest has reflected advances in research as well as an awareness of the potential for major changes in long-term outcome as a result of intervention. Several issues have complicated these efforts. There continue to be challenges to implementation of effective screening and diagnostic approaches in young children. Although the body of evidence-based research on treatment has increased, it remains limited. Despite these issues, important findings have emerged that may assist in fostering better approaches to screening, diagnosis, and documenting treatment impact. C1 [Volkmar, Fred R.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Reichow, Brian] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, AJ Pappanikou Ctr Excellence Dev Disabil, Farmington, CT USA. RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM fred.volkmar@yale.edu CR Barton M. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.862859 PG 4 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900002 PM 24345000 ER PT J AU Charman, T AF Charman, Tony TI Early identification and intervention in autism spectrum disorders: Some progress but not as much as we hoped SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; early identification; early intervention; screening; treatment; randomized controlled trials ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TODDLERS; RISK; PLAY AB Camarata's (2014) review summarizes the progress that has been made in the field of early identification and early intervention in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) over the past few decades, but also provides a salutary reminder that much still needs to be done. Whilst it is possible to prospectively identify cases of ASD using screening instruments; it is critical that those using such screens in clinical practice understand how to interpret data from published studies and consider how screening information is communicated to parents. After several decades when few randomized controlled trials of early intervention in ASD were conducted, the last decade has seen an explosion of new studies. Despite initial optimism, as more trials are published they have highlighted the limits of, and challenges to, early intervention in ASD. Given the complex nature of ASD these sobering lessons are perhaps not surprising. Rather than promote despondency, they need to inspire and inform the next decade of clinical research to move the field forward to the benefit of young children with ASD and those who care for them. C1 [Charman, Tony] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Charman, T (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, Box PO77,Henry Wellcome Bldg,Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM tony.charman@kcl.ac.uk RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 FU COST Action [BM1004] FX The author is supported by the COST Action BM1004 (http://www.cost-essea.com/). 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.859732 PG 4 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900003 PM 24410018 ER PT J AU Taylor, LJ Maybery, MT Whitehouse, AJO AF Taylor, Lauren J. Maybery, Murray T. Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. TI Moving beyond behaviour-only assessment: Incorporating biomarkers to improve the early detection and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; early identification; biomarkers ID EYE GAZE; INFANTS; RISK AB This paper presents a response to the Camarata (2014) lead article regarding the accuracy and effectiveness of early identification and early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While Caramata focused heavily on the challenges of behavioural screening for ASD, we believe that he has overlooked the potential that the identification of ASD biomarkers may have for the early detection of the disorder. We propose that the discovery of biomarkers, particularly those that may be used in conjunction with behavioural screening, may provide an important next step in reliably detecting and accurately diagnosing ASD in the early years. This would have important clinical implications in terms of providing early intervention, which may alter the developmental path for the child. C1 [Taylor, Lauren J.; Maybery, Murray T.; Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychol, Neurocognit Dev Unit, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Taylor, Lauren J.; Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Taylor, LJ (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychol M304, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.855262 PG 4 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900004 PM 24236911 ER PT J AU Crais, ER Watson, LR AF Crais, Elizabeth R. Watson, Linda R. TI Challenges and opportunities in early identification and intervention for children at-risk for autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; early identification; intervention; screening ID MODIFIED CHECKLIST; REGRESSIVE AUTISM; PARENT-REPORT; HOME VIDEO; 2ND YEAR; TODDLERS; AGE; DIAGNOSIS; LIFE; INFANTS AB This response to Camarata (2014) both agrees and disagrees with a number of points relative to early identification and intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The authors, too, recognize the difficulties of identifying toddlers with ASD and the complexities of intervening with these children. It is, however, suggested that there are alternatives to choosing to wait until diagnoses for at-risk children are stable and it is believed that there are many potential benefits from intervening, even when stable diagnoses cannot be made at the time, but risk markers are present. Specifically, it is suggested that it is not necessary to differentially diagnose children in efforts to evaluate treatment effects and suggestions are provided for alternative methods. This commentary also acknowledges the importance of effective ASD screening tools, along with expert clinical opinion, to help identify these toddlers with and at-risk for ASD. Both the available literature from other researchers as well as the authors' own work in these areas are used to make these arguments. 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M., 2002, INFANT TODDLER CHECK Wetherby AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P960, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0237-4 Wetherby AM, 2002, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Wetherby AM, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P473, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2544-y Yirmiya N, 2010, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V51, P432, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02214.x Zwaigenbaum L, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P143, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1754-9507 EI 1754-9515 J9 INT J SPEECH-LANG PA JI Int. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.862860 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900005 PM 24328367 ER PT J AU Samms-Vaughan, ME AF Samms-Vaughan, Maureen E. TI The status of early identification and early intervention in autism spectrum disorders in lower- and middle-income countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; early identification; lower and middle income countries ID JAMAICAN CHILDREN; AGE; RECOGNITION; CONSUMPTION; DIAGNOSIS; SEAFOOD; INDIA AB There is limited information on autism spectrum disorders from lower-and middle-income countries (LMIC). This paper reviews the status of early identification and early intervention for autism spectrum disorders in response to the article by Camarata (2014). The PubMed database was searched to identify relevant epidemiological studies from LMIC. Seven studies from five countries were identified: Colombia, India, Jamaica, Jordan, and Mexico. The mean age of parental concern, at 21-24 months, and mean age of diagnosis, at 45-57 months, were similar in LMIC, but later than in high-income countries. Both country groups reported language disorder to be the symptom of initial concern. Similarities in biological aspects of the disorders were noted across LMIC and high-income countries. Comparable ages of identification and diagnosis across vastly different LMIC suggest limited resources to be the underlying contributory factor. Recommendations for improving early identification and intervention made by researchers in the LMIC are reported. C1 [Samms-Vaughan, Maureen E.] Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Samms-Vaughan, ME (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.866271 PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900006 PM 24397842 ER PT J AU Webb, SJ Jones, EJH Kelly, J Dawson, G AF Webb, Sara Jane Jones, Emily J. H. Kelly, Jean Dawson, Geraldine TI The motivation for very early intervention for infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; ASD; communication; speech; language; intervention ID EARLY BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; JOINT ATTENTION; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; SYNDROME SPECIFICITY; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN AB The first Autism Research Matrix (IACC, 2003) listed the identification of behavioural and biological markers of risk for autism as a top priority. This emphasis was based on the hypothesis that intervention with infants at-risk, at an early age when the brain is developing and before core autism symptoms have emerged, could significantly alter the developmental trajectory of children at risk for the disorder and impact long-range outcome. Research has provided support for specific models of early autism intervention (e. g., Early Start Denver Model) for improving outcomes in young children with autism, based on both behavioural and brain activity measures. Although great strides have been made in ability to identify risk markers for autism in younger infant/toddler samples, how and when to intervene during the prodromal state remains a critical question. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal brain circuitry in autism precedes altered social behaviours; thus, an intervention designed to promote early social engagement and reciprocity potentially could steer brain development back toward the normal trajectory and remit or reduce the expression of symptoms. C1 [Webb, Sara Jane; Kelly, Jean] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jones, Emily J. H.] Birkbeck Univ London, London, England. [Dawson, Geraldine] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Webb, SJ (reprint author), SCRI POB 5371,M-S CW8-6, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. EM sjwebb@u.washington.edu FU NIH [R01 HD064820, P50 HD055782]; Autism Speaks; Innovative Medicines Initiative; European Union; EFPIA companies [115300] FX Support for this project was provided by the NIH (R01 HD064820 Webb; P50 HD055782 Webb), Autism Speaks (Jones), and Innovative Medicines Initiative resources, which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies' in kind contribution (115300 Jones). Additional thanks to the participant families and staff of the UW ACE Early Connections study and Promoting First Relationships intervention team. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.861018 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900007 PM 24410019 ER PT J AU Brignell, A Morgan, AT Woolfenden, S Williams, K AF Brignell, Amanda Morgan, Angela T. Woolfenden, Susan Williams, Katrina TI How relevant is the framework being used with autism spectrum disorders today? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; autistic disorder; autism spectrum disorder; children; diagnosis; early intervention; prognosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; EARLY INDICATORS; JOINT ATTENTION; FOLLOW-UP; AGE; TRAJECTORIES; PRESCHOOLERS; PREDICTORS AB Camarata (2014) provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of the research on early identifi cation and intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Extending on the foundations provided by Camarata, this commentary discusses the value of a diagnosis of ASD and questions whether there is sufficient evidence on which to base continuing calls for early identifi cation and ASD-specific intervention. Gaps are highlighted in the evidence base, suggestions made about how to fill those gaps, and an alternative framework is proposed for achieving best outcomes for children with early developmental problems of the type seen in ASD and their families. C1 [Brignell, Amanda; Morgan, Angela T.; Williams, Katrina] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Morgan, Angela T.; Williams, Katrina] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Woolfenden, Susan] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Woolfenden, Susan] Sydney Children s Hosp Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Williams, Katrina] Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Brignell, A (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Royal Childrens Hosp, Level 2,50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM amanda.brignell@rch.org.au RI Williams, Katrina/B-6828-2015 OI Williams, Katrina/0000-0002-1686-4458 FU National Health and Medical Research Council [607315]; Australian Postgraduate Award scholarship; William Collie Trust Fund FX We wish to thank Professor Stuart Logan, University of Exeter, for his review of the paper and editorial comments. Angela Morgan is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Award no. 607315. Amanda Brignell is supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award scholarship. We also wish to thank the William Collie Trust Fund for their financial support. Infrastructure support was provided by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baghdadli A, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1314, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1357-z Ben Itzchak E, 2011, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V5, P345, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.018 Berry L. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.861870 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900008 PM 24313935 ER PT J AU Koegel, LK Koegel, RL Ashbaugh, K Bradshaw, J AF Koegel, Lynn Kern Koegel, Robert L. Ashbaugh, Kristen Bradshaw, Jessica TI The importance of early identification and intervention for children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; early identification; early intervention ID PIVOTAL RESPONSE TREATMENT; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; COMMUNICATION; STUDENTS; STRESS; PEERS AB There has been a dramatic rise in the number of children being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which has led to increased attention paid to assessment and intervention issues. This manuscript agrees with Camarata (2014) that the evidence base for early assessment and intervention should be expanded. However, it disagrees with Warren et al.'s (2011) assumption that there are not empirically validated early interventions. Reliable diagnosis has been documented during infancy and toddlerhood, and evidence suggests that the earlier the onset of intervention, the greater likelihood of an improved developmental trajectory. It is argued that early intervention is more cost and time efficient than a "wait and see" approach. With regard to published studies, the large amount of heterogeneity in the ASD population supports the use of rigorous single case experimental design research. It is an error to limit empirical evidence for treatments to only randomized clinical trials, which have the weakness of masking individual differences. Single case experimental designs examine the effects of intervention beyond typical maturation by allowing for clear estimations of developmental trajectories prior to the onset of intervention, followed by evaluation of the impact of the intervention. This commentary discusses the short-and long-term benefits of early diagnosis and intervention. C1 [Koegel, Lynn Kern; Koegel, Robert L.; Ashbaugh, Kristen; Bradshaw, Jessica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Koegel, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Koegel Autism Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. 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E., 1999, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V1, P141, DOI 10.1177/109830079900100302 Steiner AM, 2013, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V43, P91, DOI 10.1007/s10803-012-1542-8 Taheri A, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1810, DOI 10.1007/s10803-012-1599-4 Warren Z, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V127, pE1303, DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-0426 Weisz J. R., 2010, EVIDENCE BASED PSYCH Worley JA, 2012, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V6, P965, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.12.012 NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1754-9507 EI 1754-9515 J9 INT J SPEECH-LANG PA JI Int. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.861511 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900009 PM 24328352 ER PT J AU Trembath, D Vivanti, G AF Trembath, David Vivanti, Giacomo TI Problematic but predictive: Individual differences in children with autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; early intervention; prediction; outcomes ID ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTIONS; DISABILITIES AB Camarata highlights the impact that symptom hetereogeneity, overlap, and individual differences can have on the accurate early diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and measurement of treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, these individual differences may provide avenues for predicting individual responses to treatment with the view to prospectively matching children with ASD to treatments best-suited to meeting their individual needs. This commentary suggests that the behavioural characterstics that are critical to accurate early diferential diagnosis of ASD may be poor predictors of outcomes. However, factors that are not unique to ASD may in fact be good predictors of treatment outcomes. This commentary illustrates these points with reference to the results of recent studies demonstrating the problems, and possibilities, that individual differences currently present when it comes to understanding and promoting learning in children with ASD. C1 [Trembath, David] Griffith Univ, Griffith Hlth Inst, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [Trembath, David; Vivanti, Giacomo] La Trobe Univ, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Vivanti, Giacomo] La Trobe Univ, Victorian Autism Specif Early Learning & Care Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Trembath, D (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Griffith Hlth Inst, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. EM d.trembath@Griffith.edu.au CR Camarata S, 2014, INT J SPEECH-LANG PA, V16, P1, DOI 10.3109/17549507.2013.858773 Dawson G., 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, P17 Fey ME, 2013, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V56, P679, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0061) Ganz JB, 2012, RES DEV DISABIL, V33, P406, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.09.023 Green J, 2010, LANCET, V375, P2152, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60587-9 Howlin P, 2003, NOVART FDN SYMP, V251, P250 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY Ozonoff S, 2011, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V52, P729, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02425.x Poon KK, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1064, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1349-z Stahmer AC, 2011, BRAIN RES, V1380, P229, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.043 Trembath D, 2009, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V34, P173, DOI 10.1080/13668250902845210 van der Meer L, 2012, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V24, P451, DOI 10.1007/s10882-012-9283-3 Vivanti G., 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V43, P1717 Vivanti G, 2013, AUST PSYCHOL, V48, P258, DOI 10.1111/ap.12008 Yoder P, 2006, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V74, P426, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.426 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1754-9507 EI 1754-9515 J9 INT J SPEECH-LANG PA JI Int. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.859300 PG 4 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900010 PM 24345003 ER PT J AU Camarata, S AF Camarata, Stephen TI Validity of early identification and early intervention in autism spectrum disorders: Future directions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; early identification; early intervention; autism spectrum disorder screening; autism spectrum disorder treatment ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; CHILDREN; RISK; CHALLENGES; SECRETIN; INFANTS AB The papers on early identification and early intervention for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in this scientific forum (published in volume 16(1) International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology) raise many important points, including describing the substantial progress made to date as well as analyses of current gaps and weaknesses in the existing evidence base. It is humbling to see the collective expertise of the distinguished authors contributing to this scientific forum including interdisciplinary perspectives and it is not surprising that there is ongoing debate on this important topic. In addition to discussing the points raised by these authors, this paper considers the implications of the new diagnostic criteria for ASD and for social communication disorder (SCD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) in the US. Differential diagnosis of ASD and SCD will be paramount in testing early intervention for ASD and the expertise of speech-language pathologists in identifying SCD in infants and toddlers will be a central feature of discovery for both early identification and for early intervention in the decades to come. Finally, a biomedical example on testing early intervention on a spectrum disorder, derived from diabetes, is presented to illustrate both the promise and the pitfalls in testing interventions in the absence of well-validated assessment and intervention paradigms. C1 [Camarata, Stephen] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Camarata, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hearing & Speech Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.3109/17549507.2013.864708 PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 291KF UT WOS:000329826900011 PM 24410020 ER PT J AU Golomb, BA Erickson, LC Scott-Van Zeeland, AA Koperski, S Haas, RH Wallace, DC Naviaux, RK Lincoln, AJ Reiner, GE Hamilton, G AF Golomb, Beatrice A. Erickson, Laura C. Scott-Van Zeeland, Ashley A. Koperski, Sabrina Haas, Richard H. Wallace, Douglas C. Naviaux, Robert K. Lincoln, Alan J. Reiner, Gail E. Hamilton, Gavin TI Assessing Bioenergetic Compromise in Autism Spectrum Disorder With P-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Preliminary Report SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; P-31-MRS; brain; muscle; bioenergetics ID IN-VIVO; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PRIOR KNOWLEDGE; MR SPECTRA; BRAIN; QUANTIFICATION; RESPIRATION; RESYNTHESIS; CHILDREN AB We sought to examine, via Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31-MRS) in a case-control design, whether bioenergetic deficits in autism spectrum disorders extend to the brain and muscle. Six cases with autism spectrum disorder with suspected mitochondrial dysfunction (age 6-18 years) and 6 age/sex-matched controls underwent P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The outcomes of focus were muscle resting phosphocreatine and intracellular pH as well as postexercise phosphocreatine recovery time constant and frontal brain phosphocreatine. Intracellular muscle pH was lower in each autism spectrum disorder case than their matched control (6/6, P = .03; P = .0048, paired t test). Muscle phosphocreatine (5/6), brain phosphocreatine (3/4), and muscle phosphocreatine recovery time constant (3/3) trends were in the predicted direction (not all participants completed each). This study introduces P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a noninvasive tool for assessment of mitochondrial function in autism spectrum disorder enabling bioenergetic assessment in brain and provides preliminary evidence suggesting that bioenergetic defects in cases with autism spectrum disorder are present in muscle and may extend to brain. C1 [Golomb, Beatrice A.; Erickson, Laura C.; Koperski, Sabrina] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Erickson, Laura C.] Georgetown Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Neurosci, Washington, DC USA. [Scott-Van Zeeland, Ashley A.] Scripps Translat Sci Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. [Haas, Richard H.; Reiner, Gail E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Haas, Richard H.; Naviaux, Robert K.; Reiner, Gail E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wallace, Douglas C.] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Naviaux, Robert K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Naviaux, Robert K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lincoln, Alan J.] Alliant Int Univ, La Jolla, CA USA. [Lincoln, Alan J.] Ctr Autism Res Evaluat & Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hamilton, Gavin] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Golomb, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0995, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bgolomb@ucsd.edu FU Autism Speaks [7278, 7277, 5668]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NS070298]; University of California Foundation [3923] FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was funded by Autism Speaks High Risk High Impact Grant entitled Mitochondria and Autism No. 7278 (BG), No. 7277 (RH), and No. 5668 (DW) as well as National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant NS070298, DCW principal investigator, and University of California Foundation Fund No. 3923 (BG). The funding source had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. 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Child Neurol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1177/0883073813509886 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 289MT UT WOS:000329687300007 PM 24272522 ER PT J AU Ramos-Quiroga, JA Sanchez-Mora, C Casas, M Garcia-Martinez, I Bosch, R Nogueira, M Corrales, M Palomar, G Vidal, R Coll-Tane, M Bayes, M Cormand, B Ribases, M AF Ramos-Quiroga, Josep-Antoni Sanchez-Mora, Cristina Casas, Miguel Garcia-Martinez, Iris Bosch, Rosa Nogueira, Mariana Corrales, Montse Palomar, Gloria Vidal, Raquel Coll-Tane, Mireia Bayes, Monica Cormand, Bru Ribases, Marta TI Genome-wide copy number variation analysis in adult attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Copy number variation (CNV); Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Autism; Schizophrenia ID DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ASSOCIATION SCAN; KNOCKOUT MICE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; 5-HT1B RECEPTORS; CANDIDATE GENE; RARE VARIANTS; LIFE-SPAN; ADHD; CHILDREN AB Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 5-6% in children and 4.4% in adults. Recently, copy number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in different neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD. Based on these previous reports that focused on pediatric cohorts, we hypothesize that structural variants may also contribute to adult ADHD and that such genomic variation may be enriched for CNVs previously identified in children with ADHD. To address this issue, we performed for the first time a whole-genome CNV study on 400 adults with ADHD and 526 screened controls. In agreement with recent reports in children with ADHD or in other psychiatric disorders, we identified a significant excess of insertions in ADHD patients compared to controls. The overall rate of CNVs >100 kb was 1.33 times higher in ADHD subjects than in controls (p = 2.4e-03), an observation mainly driven by a higher proportion of small events (from 100 kb to 500 kb; 1.35-fold; p = 1.3e-03). These differences remained significant when we considered CNVs that overlap genes or when structural variants spanning candidate genes for psychiatric disorders were evaluated, with duplications showing the greatest difference (1.41-fold, p = 0.024 and 2.85-fold, p = 8.5e-03, respectively). However, no significant enrichment was detected in our ADHD cohort for childhood ADHD-associated CNVs, CNVs previously identified in at least one ADHD patient or CNVs previously implicated in autism or schizophrenia. In conclusion, our study provides tentative evidence for a higher rate of CNVs in adults with ADHD compared to controls and contributes to the growing list of structural variants potentially involved in the etiology of the disease. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramos-Quiroga, Josep-Antoni; Sanchez-Mora, Cristina; Casas, Miguel; Garcia-Martinez, Iris; Bosch, Rosa; Nogueira, Mariana; Corrales, Montse; Palomar, Gloria; Vidal, Raquel; Coll-Tane, Mireia; Ribases, Marta] Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Quiroga, Josep-Antoni; Sanchez-Mora, Cristina; Casas, Miguel; Bosch, Rosa; Ribases, Marta] Biomed Network Res Ctr Mental Hlth CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. [Ramos-Quiroga, Josep-Antoni; Casas, Miguel] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Psychiat & Legal Med, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Sanchez-Mora, Cristina; Garcia-Martinez, Iris; Coll-Tane, Mireia; Ribases, Marta] Vall dHebron Res Inst VHIR, Psychiat Genet Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Bayes, Monica] Ctr Nacl Anal Genom, Barcelona, Spain. [Cormand, Bru] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. [Cormand, Bru] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Raras CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain. [Cormand, Bru] Inst Biomed Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. RP Ribases, M (reprint author), Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain. EM marta.ribases@gmail.com FU Miguel de Servet contract from the "Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion", Spain; Fundaci o La Marato de TV3 [092330/31]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS [PI11/00571, PI11/01629, PI12/01139]; Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas (PNSD) [2011-0080]; Agencia de Gestio d' Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR [2009SGR1554, 2009SGR0971]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [SAF2012-33484]; "Departament de Salut", Government of Catalonia, Spain FX MR is a recipient of a Miguel de Servet contract from the "Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion", Spain. Financial support was received from "Fundaci o La Marato de TV3" (ref. 092330/31), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS" (PI11/00571, PI11/01629, PI12/01139), "Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas" (PNSD#2011-0080), "Agencia de Gestio d' Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR" (2009SGR1554, 2009SGR0971), "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" (SAF2012-33484) and "Departament de Salut", Government of Catalonia, Spain. 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NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V21, pS52, DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1395371 NR 72 TC 7 Z9 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3956 EI 1879-1379 J9 J PSYCHIATR RES JI J. Psychiatr. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 49 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.10.022 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 290QG UT WOS:000329772800009 PM 24269040 ER PT J AU Niederberger, C AF Niederberger, Craig TI Re: Autism and Mental Retardation among Offspring Born after In Vitro Fertilization Editorial Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 EI 1527-3792 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 191 IS 2 BP 433 EP 434 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 291MM UT WOS:000329832800069 PM 24411889 ER PT J AU Hannan, AJ AF Hannan, A. J. TI Review: Environmental enrichment and brain repair: harnessing the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity to enhance experience-dependent plasticity SO NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE brain disorders; cognitive activity; enriched environments; neurological diseases; physical exercise; psychiatric disorders ID DISEASE TRANSGENIC MICE; ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; EMBRYONIC STRIATAL GRAFTS; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; MOUSE MODEL; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ANIMAL-MODELS AB Environmental enrichment (EE) increases levels of novelty and complexity, inducing enhanced sensory, cognitive and motor stimulation. In wild-type rodents, EE has been found to have a range of effects, such as enhancing experience-dependent cellular plasticity and cognitive performance, relative to standard-housed controls. Whilst environmental enrichment is of course a relative term, dependent on the nature of control environmental conditions, epidemiological studies suggest that EE has direct clinical relevance to a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. EE has been demonstrated to induce beneficial effects in animal models of a wide variety of brain disorders. The first evidence of beneficial effects of EE in a genetically targeted animal model was generated using Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Subsequent studies found that EE was also therapeutic in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, consistent with epidemiological studies of relevant environmental modifiers. EE has also been found to ameliorate behavioural, cellular and molecular deficits in animal models of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, depression, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. This review will focus on the effects of EE observed in animal models of neurodegenerative brain diseases, at molecular, cellular and behavioural levels. The proposal that EE may act synergistically with other approaches, such as drug and cell therapies, to facilitate brain repair will be discussed. I will also discuss the therapeutic potential of enviromimetics', drugs which mimic or enhance the therapeutic effects of cognitive activity and physical exercise, for both neuroprotection and brain repair. C1 Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Ctr, Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Hannan, AJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Ctr, Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM anthony.hannan@florey.edu.au FU Australian Research Council [FT3]; National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) FX I am indebted to past and present members of the Hannan Laboratory for their research data and discussions which have informed my ideas on this topic. I am currently funded by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT3) and Discovery Grant. I am also grateful to the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) for their past and present Project Grant and Research Fellowship support. 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Appl. Neurobiol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1111/nan.12102 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 291TA UT WOS:000329851400003 PM 24354721 ER PT J AU Martinez-Sanchis, S Santacreu, MCB Sancho, RC Domenech, MG AF Martinez-Sanchis, Sonia Bernal Santacreu, M. Consuelo Cortes Sancho, Rosa Gadea Domenech, Marien TI Language laterality, handedness and empathy in a sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder SO PSICOTHEMA LA English DT Article DE Language laterality; broader autism phenotype; autism; parents ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; QUOTIENT EQ; GENETICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE; VALIDATION; ADULTS; FMRI AB Background: First-order relatives of persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit a cognitive pattern which is part of a broader autism phenotype. Method: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether some neuropsychological features related to the autism phenotype are present in parents of ASD children. To this end, the exploration included a dichotic listening task, handedness and the Empathy Quotient (EQ-60). Results: The scores obtained by the total sample (fathers plus mothers) were similar to those of the general population, although there were differences in some parameters of the dichotic listening task depending on the gender. Contrary to expectations, only in fathers, the negative correlation between data from both ears was not statistically significant, which could be evidence of a lack of hemispheric interdependence. Conclusions: These results support the possible existence of a genetic susceptibility to an aberrant language asymmetry pattern. Moreover, possible unknown epigenetic factors could act on a vulnerable genotype in some ASD subjects. Nevertheless, due to the small sample size, the present research must be considered a pilot study. C1 [Martinez-Sanchis, Sonia; Bernal Santacreu, M. Consuelo; Gadea Domenech, Marien] Univ Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Cortes Sancho, Rosa] CSISP Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain. RP Martinez-Sanchis, S (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Fac Psicol, Valencia 46010, Spain. 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Here, we assess the feasibility of profiling exon-level gene expression in autism using the Affymetrix Human exon 1.0 ST array.MethodsWe examined lymphoblastoid cell line-derived RNAs from five patients with autism compared with five controls.ResultsAnalysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple test correction identified 57 genes exhibiting differential exon-level expression, suggesting potential changes in the resultant alternatively spliced transcripts in autism compared with controls. Genes with differentially expressed exons included CYFIP1, a previously reported autism susceptibility gene. Furthermore, several genes recently reported to have deregulated alternative splicing in autism brain samples showed differential exon expression in our autism group.ConclusionThe paucity of autism brain samples and extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of autism demands finding ways to also identify autism-related genomic events in accessible nonbrain resources, which may contribute in biomarker identifications. This proof-of-concept study shows that the analysis of alternative splicing in lymphoblastoid cell line samples has a potential to reveal at least a subset of brain-related deregulation of splicing machinery that might be implicated in autism. C1 [Talebizadeh, Zohreh; Aldenderfer, Richard] Childrens Mercy Hosp, Sect Med Genet & Mol Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Talebizadeh, Zohreh; Aldenderfer, Richard] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Chen, Xue Wen] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Talebizadeh, Z (reprint author), Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. EM ztalebi@cmh.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [1U24MH081810]; Children's Mercy Hospital-KBR Award [CMH/01.4232]; Autism Speaks [2578]; NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland [NO1-HD-4-3368, NO1-HD-4-3383]; Kansas University-School of Medicine, KUMC Biotechnology Support Facility; Smith Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center [HD02528]; Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence [RR016475] FX The authors wish to thank Dr Nataliya Kibiryeva (CMH) for assisting with exon array data analysis. The authors acknowledge the AGRE families; without them, this research would not have been possible. They also gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium and the participating AGRE families. The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange is a program of Autism Speaks and is supported, in part, by grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Clara M. Lajonchere (PI). Partial funding support was provided from the Children's Mercy Hospital-KBR Award (CMH/01.4232) and Autism Speaks (2578) to Z.T.The authors thank the Kansas University Medical Center-Microarray Facility (KUMC-MF) for generating array data sets. The Microarray Facility is supported by the Kansas University-School of Medicine, KUMC Biotechnology Support Facility, the Smith Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (HD02528), and the Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (RR016475). Human tissues were obtained from the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland under contracts NO1-HD-4-3368 and NO1-HD-4-3383. 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Also, genetic variants in ASMT have been associated with autism, as well as with low ASMT activity and melatonin levels, suggesting that the low ASMT activity observed in autism may partly be because of variations within the ASMT gene. In this study, we present a symptom-based approach to investigate possible associations between ASMT and autistic-like traits in the general population. To this end, continuous measures of autistic-like traits were assessed in a nationally representative twin cohort (n=1771) from Sweden and six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and a duplication of exons 2-8 in ASMT were genotyped. Our results show a nominally significant association, in girls, between one single nucleotide polymorphism (rs5949028) in the last intron of ASMT and social interaction impairments. No significant association, however, was observed with traits related to language impairment or restricted and repetitive behavior. In conclusion, our results support the possible involvement of the ASMT gene in autism spectrum disorders, and our finding that only one of the three traits shows association suggests that genetic research may benefit from adopting a symptom-specific approach to identify genes involved in autism psychopathology. C1 [Jonsson, Lina; Zettergren, Anna; Westberg, Lars; Melke, Jonas] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Pharmacol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Anckarsater, Henrik; Lundstrom, Sebastian] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Forens Psychiat, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lundstrom, Sebastian] Univ Gothenburg, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lundstrom, Sebastian] Swedish Prison & Probat Serv, R&D Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Walum, Hasse; Larsson, Henrik; Lichtenstein, Paul] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Jonsson, L (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Pharmacol, POB 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM lina.jonsson@neuro.gu.se FU Swedish Research Council; Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research; Petrus and Augusta Hedlund Foundation; Ake Wiberg Foundation; Ahlens Foundation; Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation; Sahlgrenska Academy FX The authors are grateful to the study participants and their relatives who made this study possible. Technicians Gunilla Bourghardt and Inger Oscarsson are warmly thanked for their skillful assistance. This work has been supported by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, the Petrus and Augusta Hedlund Foundation, Ake Wiberg Foundation, Ahlens Foundation, Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation, and the Sahlgrenska Academy. The authors would also like to thank the Genomics Core Facility platform at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. 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Genet. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000010 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 291EZ UT WOS:000329812000003 PM 23995775 ER PT J AU Mikhailov, A Fennell, A Plong-on, O Sripo, T Hansakunachai, T Roongpraiwan, R Sombuntham, T Ruangdaraganon, N Vincent, JB Limprasert, P AF Mikhailov, Anna Fennell, Alanna Plong-on, Oradawan Sripo, Thanya Hansakunachai, Tippawan Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan Sombuntham, Tasnawat Ruangdaraganon, Nichara Vincent, John B. Limprasert, Pornprot TI Screening of NLGN3 and NLGN4X genes in Thai children with autism spectrum disorder SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MUTATIONS C1 [Mikhailov, Anna; Fennell, Alanna; Vincent, John B.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Campbell Family Brain Res Inst, Mol Neuropsychiat & Dev Lab,Neurogenet Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Vincent, John B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Plong-on, Oradawan; Sripo, Thanya; Limprasert, Pornprot] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Hansakunachai, Tippawan] Thammasat Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan; Sombuntham, Tasnawat; Ruangdaraganon, Nichara] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Limprasert, P (reprint author), Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Div Human Genet, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. EM lpornpro@yahoo.com FU National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) [BT-B-01-MG-18-4814]; Faculty of Medicine; Prince of Songkla University [48/364-006-1]; Prince of Songkla University Collaborative Research Fund [MED52-02355] FX This study was supported by the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC: Grant no. BT-B-01-MG-18-4814) and co-research funding between the Faculty of Medicine and Prince of Songkla University (48/364-006-1) and the Prince of Songkla University Collaborative Research Fund (MED52-02355). CR Jamain S, 2003, NAT GENET, V34, P27, DOI 10.1038/ng1136 Kimchi-Sarfaty C, 2007, SCIENCE, V315, P525, DOI 10.1126/science.1135308 Laumonnier F, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V74, P552, DOI 10.1086/382137 Vincent JB, 2004, AM J MED GENET B, V129B, P82, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30069 Ye HH, 2010, NEUROSIGNALS, V18, P62, DOI 10.1159/000322543 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8829 EI 1473-5873 J9 PSYCHIAT GENET JI Psychiatr. Genet. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 DI 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000019 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 291EZ UT WOS:000329812000007 PM 24362370 ER PT J AU Franklin, AV King, MK Palomo, V Martinez, A McMahon, LL Jope, RS AF Franklin, Aimee V. King, Margaret K. Palomo, Valle Martinez, Ana McMahon, Lori L. Jope, Richard S. TI Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitors Reverse Deficits in Long-term Potentiation and Cognition in Fragile X Mice SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Cognition; fragile X syndrome; glycogen synthase kinase-3; learning; long-term potentiation (LTP); synaptic plasticity ID FMR1 KNOCKOUT MOUSE; DENTATE GYRUS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; SPATIAL INFORMATION; PATTERN SEPARATION; MODEL; MEMORY; PHENOTYPE AB Background: Identifying feasible therapeutic interventions is crucial for ameliorating the intellectual disability and other afflictions of fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism. Hippocampal glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is hyperactive in the mouse model of FXS (FX mice), and hyperactive GSK3 promotes locomotor hyperactivity and audiogenic seizure susceptibility in FX mice, raising the possibility that specific GSK3 inhibitors may improve cognitive processes. Methods: We tested if specific GSK3 inhibitors improve deficits in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term potentiation at medial perforant path synapses onto dentate granule cells and dentate gyrus-dependent cognitive behavioral tasks. Results: GSK3 inhibitors completely rescued deficits in long-term potentiation at medial perforant path-dentate granule cells synapses in FX mice. Furthermore, synaptosomes from the dentate gyrus of FX mice displayed decreased inhibitory serine-phosphorylation of GSK3 beta compared with wild-type littermates. The potential therapeutic utility of GSK3 inhibitors was further tested on dentate gyrus-dependent cognitive behaviors. In vivo administration of GSK3 inhibitors completely reversed impairments in several cognitive tasks in FX mice, including novel object detection, coordinate and categorical spatial processing, and temporal ordering for visual objects. Conclusions: These findings establish that synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in FX mice can be improved by intervention with inhibitors of GSK3, which may prove therapeutically beneficial in FXS. C1 [Franklin, Aimee V.; McMahon, Lori L.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Cell Dev & Integrat Biol, Birmingham, AL USA. [King, Margaret K.; Jope, Richard S.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [King, Margaret K.; Jope, Richard S.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Palomo, Valle; Martinez, Ana] CSIC, Inst Quim Med, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Jope, RS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, 1011 NW 15th St,Gautier Bldg Room 416, Miami, FL 33136 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 75 IS 3 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.003 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 281WA UT WOS:000329130500008 PM 24041505 ER PT J AU Korade, Z Xu, LB Harrison, FE Ahsen, R Hart, SE Folkes, OM Mirnics, K Porter, NA AF Korade, Zeljka Xu, Libin Harrison, Fiona E. Ahsen, Refayat Hart, Sarah E. Folkes, Oakleigh M. Mirnics, Karoly Porter, Ned A. TI Antioxidant Supplementation Ameliorates Molecular Deficits in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidants; 7-dehydrocholesterol; DHCEO; Dhcr7; oxysterol; Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; VITAMIN-E; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; 7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL-DERIVED OXYSTEROLS; RETINAL DEGENERATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REDUCTASE GENE; RAT MODEL; CHOLESTEROL; PEROXIDATION AB Background: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis characterized by diminished cholesterol and increased 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) levels. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is highly reactive, giving rise to biologically active oxysterols. Methods: 7-DHC-derived oxysterols were measured in fibroblasts from SLOS patients and an in vivo SLOS rodent model using highperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Expression of lipid biosynthesis genes was ascertained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The effects of an antioxidant mixture of vitamin A, coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, and vitamin E were evaluated for their potential to reduce formation of 7-DHC oxysterols in fibroblast from SLOS patients. Finally, the effect of maternal feeding of vitamin E enriched diet was ascertained in the brain and liver of newborn SLOS mice. Results: In cultured human SLOS fibroblasts, the antioxidant mixture led to decreased levels of the 7-DHC-derived oxysterol, 3 beta, 5a-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one. Furthermore, gene expression changes in SLOS human fibroblasts were normalized with antioxidant treatment. The active ingredient appeared to be vitamin E, as even at low concentrations, it significantly decreased 3 beta, 5a-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one levels. In addition, analyzing a mouse SLOS model revealed that feeding a vitamin E enriched diet to pregnant female mice led to a decrease in oxysterol formation in brain and liver tissues of the newborn Dhcr7-knockout pups. Conclusions: Considering the adverse effects of 7-DHC-derived oxysterols in neuronal and glial cultures and the positive effects of antioxidants in patient cell cultures and the transgenic mouse model, we believe that preventing formation of 7-DHC oxysterols is critical for countering the detrimental effects of DHCR7 mutations. C1 [Korade, Zeljka; Ahsen, Refayat; Hart, Sarah E.; Mirnics, Karoly] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Xu, Libin; Porter, Ned A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Harrison, Fiona E.; Folkes, Oakleigh M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Xu, Libin; Porter, Ned A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Inst Chem Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Korade, Zeljka; Harrison, Fiona E.; Mirnics, Karoly; Porter, Ned A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Porter, NA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, 7962 Stevenson Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM n.porter@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [K99HD073270]; National Institute on Aging [R01AG038739, R01MH079299, R01MH067234]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R01HD064727]; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development; Harrison is grateful for funding from the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism of Vanderbilt University FX The National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development K99HD073270 to LX; National Institute on Aging R01AG038739 to FEH, R01MH079299 and R01MH067234 to KM; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD064727 to NAP) supported this work.Zeljka Korade appreciates support from the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development. Fiona Harrison is grateful for funding from the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism of Vanderbilt University. 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Menon, Vinod TI Brain Organization Underlying Superior Mathematical Abilities in Children with Autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; brain organization; cognitive strengths; mathematical abilities; multivariate pattern analysis; support vector machine ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; WORKING-MEMORY; SPECTRUM; INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; MATURATION; EXPERTISE; OBJECTS AB Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits. While such deficits have been the focus of most research, recent evidence suggests that individuals with ASD may exhibit cognitive strengths in domains such as mathematics. Methods: Cognitive assessments and functional brain imaging were used to investigate mathematical abilities in 18 children with ASD and 18 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children. Multivariate classification and regression analyses were used to investigate whether brain activity patterns during numerical problem solving were significantly different between the groups and predictive of individual mathematical abilities. Results: Children with ASD showed better numerical problem solving abilities and relied on sophisticated decomposition strategies for single-digit addition problems more frequently than TD peers. Although children with ASD engaged similar brain areas as TD children, they showed different multivariate activation patterns related to arithmetic problem complexity in ventral temporal-occipital cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and medial temporal lobe. Furthermore, multivariate activation patterns in ventral temporal-occipital cortical areas typically associated with face processing predicted individual numerical problem solving abilities in children with ASD but not in TD children. Conclusions: Our study suggests that superior mathematical information processing in children with ASD is characterized by a unique pattern of brain organization and that cortical regions typically involved in perceptual expertise may be utilized in novel ways in ASD. Our findings of enhanced cognitive and neural resources for mathematics have critical implications for educational, professional, and social outcomes for individuals with this lifelong disorder. C1 [Iuculano, Teresa; Rosenberg-Lee, Miriam; Supekar, Kaustubh; Lynch, Charles J.; Khouzam, Amirah; Phillips, Jennifer; Uddin, Lucina Q.; Menon, Vinod] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Menon, Vinod] Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Menon, Vinod] Stanford Univ, Program Neurosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Iuculano, Teresa] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England. RP Iuculano, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford Cognit & Syst Neurosci Lab, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM teresai1@stanford.edu FU University College London; National Institutes of Health [K01MH092288, MH084164, HD047520, DC011095]; Singer Foundation; Stanford Institute for Neuroscience FX This work was supported by a Bogue Research Fellowship from University College London to TI, by a Career Development Award from the National Institutes of Health (K01MH092288) to LQU, and by grants from the Singer Foundation, the Stanford Institute for Neuroscience, and the National Institutes of Health (MH084164, HD047520, DC011095) to VM. 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The source of these disturbances is not well-understood, but recent efforts have shown that the spontaneous deployment of attention to social targets might be atypical as early as 6 months of age. The nature of this atypical behavior and the conditions under which it arises are currently unknown. Methods: We used eye-tracking to examine the gaze patterns of 6-month-old infants (n = 99) at high risk (n = 57) and low risk (n = 42) for developing ASD as they viewed faces that were: 1) still; 2) moving and expressing positive affect; or 3) speaking. Clinical outcomes were determined through a comprehensive assessment at the age of 3 years. The scanning patterns of infants later diagnosed with ASD were compared with infants without an ASD outcome. Results: Infants who later developed ASD spent less time looking at the presented scenes in general than other infants. When these infants looked at faces, their looking toward the inner features of faces decreased compared with the other groups only when the presented face was speaking. Conclusions: Our study suggests that infants later diagnosed with ASD have difficulties regulating attention to complex social scenes. It also suggests that the presence of speech might uniquely disturb the attention of infants who later develop ASD at a critical developmental point when other infants are acquiring language and learning about their social world. C1 [Shic, Frederick; Macari, Suzanne; Chawarska, Katarzyna] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP Shic, F (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, 40 Temple St,Suite 7D, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM frederick.shic@yale.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Development [PO1 HD003008]; National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH087554 1, R03MH086732, R03 MH092618-01A1]; Associates of the Child Study Center; CTSA from National Center for Advancing Translational Science, components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1 RR024139]; NIH roadmap for Medical Research; [1139078] FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Development, PO1 HD003008, Project 1 (KC); National Institute of Mental Health R01 MH087554 (KC); National Institute of Mental Health Grants # 1R03MH086732 (SM) and R03 MH092618-01A1 (FS); Expedition in Computing (Award # 1139078); and the Associates of the Child Study Center. This publication was also made possible by CTSA Grant Number UL1 RR024139 from National Center for Advancing Translational Science, components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH. We thank C. Saulnier, K. Tsatsanis, S. Kim, J. Koller, A. Steiner, T. Vernon, A. Snow, T. Goldsmith, K. Bearss, A. Carney, K. Bailey, E. Simmons, S. Austin, and R. Paul for their contribution to the sample characterization as well as J. Bradshaw, B. Butler, G. Chen, M. Coffman, J. Latz Davis, A. Dowd, R. Doggett, J. Garzarek, E. Gisin, M. Meltvedt, K. O'Loughlin, P. Ogston-Nobile, E. Prince, and J. Reed for assistance in data collection. We thank J. A. Kelley and A. P. Lin for their edits on this manuscript. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 75 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.009 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 281WA UT WOS:000329130500012 PM 23954107 ER PT J AU Chu-Ky, S Bui, TK Nguyen, TL Ho, PH AF Chu-Ky, Son Bui, Thi-Khanh Nguyen, Tien-Long Ho, Phu-Ha TI Acid adaptation to improve viability and X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum HA6 exposed to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid adaptation; cross-protection; Lactobacillus fermentum HA6; probiotic; simulated gastrointestinal condition; viability; X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase probiotic ID GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; OPIOID-PEPTIDES; STRESS; YOGURT; AUTISM; PLANTARUM; PATTERNS AB In this work, the viability of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum HA6 isolated from naturally fermented vegetables in Vietnam was improved by growing the bacterium into a mild acid condition (pH 4.0). Viability and probiotic functionality [X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX) activity] of the acid-adapted bacterium exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions were investigated. After 180min in the simulated gastric juice (0.3g/L pepsin, pH 2.0), the viability of acid-adapted L.fermentum HA6 (11.5%) was higher than that of control L.fermentum HA6 (2.2%). Specific PepX activity of acid-adapted cells (24.5 U/mg) was higher than that of control cells (17.8 U/mg). After 180-min exposure to the simulated small intestinal medium (0.3g/L bile salts, 0.1g/L pancreatin, pH 8.0), the viability of acid-adapted L.fermentum HA6 (13.5%) was twofold as high as that of control L fermentum HA6 (8.0%). Our results suggested that acid adaptation has a key role in acquiring cross-protection mechanism, which in this study resulted in higher survival of L.fermentum HA6 after simulated gastrointestinal stresses. The strategy of acid adaptation could be valuable for the production of robust probiotics. C1 [Chu-Ky, Son; Bui, Thi-Khanh; Nguyen, Tien-Long; Ho, Phu-Ha] Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Technol, Sch Biotechnol & Food Technol, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. RP Chu-Ky, S (reprint author), Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Technol, Sch Biotechnol & Food Technol, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. EM son.chuky@hust.edu.vn; ha.hophu@hust.edu.vn FU Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) FX We thank Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) for funding this work. 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J. Food Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 49 IS 2 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1111/ijfs.12338 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 288BC UT WOS:000329585800032 ER PT J AU Chudal, R Sourander, A Polo-Kantola, P Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, S Lehti, V Sucksdorff, D Gissler, M Brown, AS AF Chudal, Roshan Sourander, Andre Polo-Kantola, Paivi Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, Susanna Lehti, Venla Sucksdorff, Dan Gissler, Mika Brown, Alan S. TI Perinatal factors and the risk of bipolar disorder in Finland SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Obstetric complications; Perinatal complications; Gestational age; Fetal growth; Bipolar disorder ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MATERNAL SMOKING; CESAREAN-SECTION; FETAL-GROWTH; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; POPULATION; DENMARK AB Background: Complications during the perinatal period have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia and autism. However, similar studies on bipolar disorder (BPD) have been limited and the findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine the association between perinatal risk factors and BPD. Methods: This nested case control study, based on the Finnish Prenatal Study of Bipolar Disorders (FIPS-B), identified 724 cases and 1419 matched controls from population based registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the associations between perinatal factors and BPD adjusting for potential confounding due to maternal age, psychiatric history and educational level, place of birth, number of previous births and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Results: Children delivered by planned cesarean section had a 2.5-fold increased risk of BPD (95% CI: 1.32-4.78, P <0.01). No association was seen between other examined perinatal risk factors and BPD. Limitations: The limitations of this study include: the restriction in the sample to treated cases of BPD in the population, and usage of hospital based clinical diagnosis for case ascertainment. In addition, in spite of the large sample size, there was low power to detect associations for certain exposures including the lowest birth weight category and pre-term birth. Conclusions: Birth by planned cesarean section was associated with risk of BPD, but most other perinatal risk factors examined in this study were not associated with BPD. Larger studies with greater statistical power to detect less common exposures and studies utilizing prospective biomarker-based exposures are necessary in the future.(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chudal, Roshan; Sourander, Andre; Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, Susanna; Lehti, Venla; Sucksdorff, Dan; Gissler, Mika] Univ Turku, Dept Child Psychiat, Turku 20014, Finland. [Sourander, Andre] Turku Univ Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. [Sourander, Andre; Brown, Alan S.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Sourander, Andre] Univ Tromso, Reg Ctr Child & Youth Mental Hlth & Child Welf, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. [Polo-Kantola, Paivi] Turku Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. [Polo-Kantola, Paivi] Univ Turku, Turku 20014, Finland. [Gissler, Mika] Nord Sch Publ Hlth, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Gissler, Mika] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki, Finland. [Brown, Alan S.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. RP Chudal, R (reprint author), Univ Turku, Fac Med, Inst Clin Med, Res Ctr Child Psychiat, Lemminkaisenkatu 3,Teutori 3rd Floor, Turku 20014, Finland. EM roschu@utu.fi RI Chudal, Roshan/C-1067-2015 FU NARSAD Independent Investigator Award, USA; Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Finland; [K02 MH065422-10] FX The study was supported by grants from NARSAD Independent Investigator Award, USA (A.S.), the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Finland (A.S.), and K02 MH065422-10 (A.S.B.) 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Affect. Disord. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 155 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.026 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 287XB UT WOS:000329574500010 PM 24215899 ER PT J AU Cascio, CJ Foss-Feig, JH Heacock, J Schauder, KB Loring, WA Rogers, BP Pryweller, JR Newsom, CR Cockhren, J Cao, AZ Bolton, S AF Cascio, Carissa J. Foss-Feig, Jennifer H. Heacock, Jessica Schauder, Kimberly B. Loring, Whitney A. Rogers, Baxter P. Pryweller, Jennifer R. Newsom, Cassandra R. Cockhren, Jurnell Cao, Aize Bolton, Scott TI Affective neural response to restricted interests in autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; restricted interests; reward; repetitive behavior; fMRI; insula; salience ID REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; CIRCUMSCRIBED INTERESTS; AMYGDALA; CHILDREN; FMRI AB BackgroundRestricted interests are a class of repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) whose intensity and narrow focus often contribute to significant interference with daily functioning. While numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated executive circuits as putative neural substrates of repetitive behavior, recent work implicates affective neural circuits in restricted interests. We sought to explore the role of affective neural circuits and determine how restricted interests are distinguished from hobbies or interests in typical development. MethodsWe compared a group of children with ASD to a typically developing (TD) group of children with strong interests or hobbies, employing parent report, an operant behavioral task, and functional imaging with personalized stimuli based on individual interests. ResultsWhile performance on the operant task was similar between the two groups, parent report of intensity and interference of interests was significantly higher in the ASD group. Both the ASD and TD groups showed increased BOLD response in widespread affective neural regions to the pictures of their own interest. When viewing pictures of other children's interests, the TD group showed a similar pattern, whereas BOLD response in the ASD group was much more limited. Increased BOLD response in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex distinguished the ASD from the TD group, and parent report of the intensity and interference with daily life of the child's restricted interest predicted insula response. ConclusionsWhile affective neural network response and operant behavior are comparable in typical and restricted interests, the narrowness of focus that clinically distinguishes restricted interests in ASD is reflected in more interference in daily life and aberrantly enhanced insula and anterior cingulate response to individuals' own interests in the ASD group. These results further support the involvement of affective neural networks in repetitive behaviors in ASD. C1 [Cascio, Carissa J.; Heacock, Jessica; Schauder, Kimberly B.; Loring, Whitney A.; Newsom, Cassandra R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Cascio, Carissa J.; Loring, Whitney A.; Pryweller, Jennifer R.; Newsom, Cassandra R.] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Foss-Feig, Jennifer H.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Rogers, Baxter P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. 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Here, we report a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that examined the neural and behavioral effects of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin on emotion recognition in individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS), a clinical condition characterized by impaired eye gaze and facial emotion recognition. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether oxytocin would enhance emotion recognition from facial sections of the eye vs the mouth region and modulate regional activity in brain areas associated with face perception in both adults with AS, and a neurotypical control group. Intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin improved performance in a facial emotion recognition task in individuals with AS. This was linked to increased left amygdala reactivity in response to facial stimuli and increased activity in the neural network involved in social cognition. Our data suggest that the amygdala, together with functionally associated cortical areas mediate the positive effect of oxytocin on social cognitive functioning in AS. C1 [Domes, Gregor; Heinrichs, Markus] Univ Freiburg, Dept Psychol, Lab Biol & Personal Psychol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Domes, Gregor; Heinrichs, Markus] Univ Freiburg, Univ Med Ctr, Freiburg Brain Imaging Ctr, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Kumbier, Ekkehardt] Univ Rostock, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Herpertz, Sabine C.] Heidelberg Univ, Ctr Psychosocial Med, Dept Gen Psychiat, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Domes, G (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Psychol, Lab Biol & Personal Psychol, Stefan Meier Str 8, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM domes@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de RI Domes, Gregor/J-3369-2013 OI Domes, Gregor/0000-0001-5908-4374 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [Do1312/1-1, Do1312/2-1] FX This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG (Do1312/1-1 and Do1312/2-1). The authors declare no conflict of interest. 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Nelson, Keith E. Scherf, K. Suzanne TI Idiom, Syntax, and Advanced Theory of Mind Abilities in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; language; developmental disorders; figurative; social communication ID SEMANTIC-PRAGMATIC DIFFICULTIES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION; FALSE-BELIEF; COMPREHENSION; LANGUAGE; ADOLESCENTS; FAMILIARITY; TRANSPARENCY; ADULTS AB Purpose: When researchers investigate figurative language abilities (including idioms) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), syntax abilities may be more important than once considered. In addition, there are limitations to the overreliance on false-belief tasks to measure theory of mind (TOM) abilities. In the current study, the authors investigated idiom, syntax, and advanced TOM abilities in children with ASD compared to children with typical development (TD). Method: Twenty-six children with ASD, ages 5 to 12 years, were compared to individuals in each of 2 control groups of children with TD: 1 matched on chronological age and nonverbal IQ, and 1 matched on syntax age-equivalence and raw scores. Idiom comprehension, syntax, vocabulary, and 2 measures of advanced TOM abilities were examined. Results: Although children with ASD performed worse on idiom comprehension compared to the age-matched group with TD, they exhibited comparable idiom performance to the syntax-matched group with TD. Advanced TOM abilities were related to idiom comprehension for children with ASD, but not for children with TD, above the contributions of basic language abilities. Conclusion: Syntax abilities should be used as a matching variable when examining figurative or other late-developing language skills. C1 [Whyte, Elisabeth M.; Nelson, Keith E.; Scherf, K. Suzanne] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0308) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AZ0EM UT WOS:000347919100011 PM 23882003 ER PT J AU Brady, N Warren, SF Fleming, K Keller, J Sterling, A AF Brady, Nancy Warren, Steven F. Fleming, Kandace Keller, Juliana Sterling, Audra TI Effect of Sustained Maternal Responsivity on Later Vocabulary Development in Children With Fragile X Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; language development; maternal responsivity; longitudinal ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; INTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION; RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY; AUTISM; MOTHERS; INTERVENTION AB Purpose: This research explored whether sustained maternal responsivity (a parent-child interaction style characterized by warmth, nurturance, and stability as well as specific behaviors, such as contingent positive responses to child initiations) was a significant variable predicting vocabulary development of children with fragile X syndrome through age 9 years. Method: Fifty-five mother-child dyads were followed longitudinally when children were between 2 and 10 years of age. Measures of maternal responsivity and child vocabulary were obtained at regular intervals starting at age 2.9 years. Sustained responsivity was indicated by the average responsivity measured over Observations 2-5. Responsivity at the 1st time period, autism symptoms, and cognitive development were used as control variables. Results: After controlling for development and autism symptoms, the authors found significant effects for sustained responsivity on receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, and the rate of different words children produced through age 9. Conclusions: Maternal responsivity, which is typically a variable of interest during early childhood, continues to be a significant variable, predicting vocabulary development through the middle childhood period. Thus, responsivity is a potential target for language interventions through this age period. C1 [Brady, Nancy; Warren, Steven F.; Fleming, Kandace; Keller, Juliana; Sterling, Audra] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 212 EP 226 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0341) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AZ0EM UT WOS:000347919100018 PM 24023370 ER PT J AU Shishido, E Aleksic, B Ozaki, N AF Shishido, Emiko Aleksic, Branko Ozaki, Norio TI Copy-number variation in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; copy-number variation; de novo mutation; schizophrenia; signal transduction ID 22Q11.2 DELETION SYNDROME; HUMAN GENOME; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; GENETIC-VARIATION; REARRANGEMENTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; RECURRENT; INSIGHTS AB Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder present in 1% of the population, characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction, communication deficits and restricted patterns of behavior. Approximately 10% of the autism spectrum disorder population is thought to have large chromosomal rearrangements. Copy-number variations (CNV) alter the genome structure either by duplication or deletion of a chromosomal region. The association between CNV and autism susceptibility has become more apparent through the use of methods based on comparative genomic hybridization in screening CNV. The nature of the high CNV rate in the human genome is partly explained by non-allelic homologous recombination between flanking repeated sequences derived from multiple copies of transposons or mobile genetic elements. There are hotspots for CNV in the human genome, such as 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Genes involved in CNV are supposed to have copy-number dose-dependent effects on the behavior of affected individuals. Animal models give insight into the possible interactions between core genetic loci and additional factors contributing to the phenotypes of each individual. If affected genes code for cellular signaling molecules, reducing the dosage in the intracellular signaling pathway may result in the malfunction of the nervous system. The genetic background of autism spectrum disorder is highly heterogenic and most common or rare CNV do not lead to autism spectrum disorders in the majority of cases, but may occasionally increase the risk of developing an autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Shishido, Emiko] Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Shishido, Emiko] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Shishido, Emiko; Aleksic, Branko; Ozaki, Norio] Nagoya Univ, Dept Psychiat, Grad Sch Med, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan. RP Ozaki, N (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Psychiat, Grad Sch Med, Showa Ku, 65 Tsurumai Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan. EM ozaki-n@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Aleksic, Branko/G-1540-2011; Ozaki, Norio/M-8908-2014 OI Aleksic, Branko/0000-0001-8982-4580; Ozaki, Norio/0000-0002-7360-4898 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Specific Research Fund for East Japan Great Earthquake Revival by The New Technology Development Foundation FX Funding for this study was provided by research grants from 'Integrated Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders' carried out under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and The Specific Research Fund 2012 for East Japan Great Earthquake Revival by The New Technology Development Foundation. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, 'Glial assembly: A new regulatory machinery of brain function and disorders'. 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Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 68 IS 2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1111/pcn.12128 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AX4QR UT WOS:000346917100001 PM 24372918 ER PT J AU Riggs, ER Wain, KE Riethmaier, D Smith-Packard, B Faucett, WA Hoppman, N Thorland, EC Patel, VC Miller, DT AF Riggs, E. R. Wain, K. E. Riethmaier, D. Smith-Packard, B. Faucett, W. A. Hoppman, N. Thorland, E. C. Patel, V. C. Miller, D. T. TI Chromosomal microarray impacts clinical management SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE array comparative genomic hybridization; chromosomal microarray analysis; genetic testing; patient care management ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; QUALITY-STANDARDS-SUBCOMMITTEE; CHILD-NEUROLOGY-SOCIETY; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AMERICAN-ACADEMY; DIAGNOSTIC YIELD; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AB Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is standard of care, first-tier clinical testing for detection of genomic copy number variation among patients with developmental disabilities. Although diagnostic yield is higher than traditional cytogenetic testing, management impact has not been well studied. We surveyed genetic services providers regarding CMA ordering practices and perceptions about reimbursement. Lack of insurance coverage because of perceived lack of clinical utility was cited among the most frequent reasons why CMA was not ordered when warranted. We compiled a list of genomic regions where haploinsufficiency or triplosensitivity cause genetic conditions with documented management recommendations, estimating that at least 146 conditions potentially diagnosable by CMA testing have published literature supporting specific clinical management implications. Comparison with an existing clinical CMA database to determine the proportion of cases involving these regions showed that CMA diagnoses associated with such recommendations are found in approximately 7% of all cases (n=28,526). We conclude that CMA impacts clinical management at a rate similar to other genetic tests for which insurance coverage is more readily approved. The information presented here can be used to address barriers that continue to contribute to inequities in patient access and care in regard to CMA testing. C1 [Riggs, E. R.; Patel, V. C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wain, K. E.; Hoppman, N.; Thorland, E. C.] Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. [Riethmaier, D.] GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Smith-Packard, B.; Faucett, W. A.] Geisinger Hlth Syst, Danville, PA USA. [Miller, D. T.] Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Miller, D. T.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Miller, DT (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Hunnewell 5,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM david.miller2@childrens.harvard.edu FU NIH [HD064525] FX The authors would like to thank Erin Baldwin Kaminsky, Christa Lese Martin, and David H. Ledbetter for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH Grant HD064525. 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Genet. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 85 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1111/cge.12107 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 287AZ UT WOS:000329511700009 PM 23347240 ER PT J AU Miller, LL Scharf, JM Mathews, CA Ben-Shlomo, Y AF Miller, Laura L. Scharf, Jeremiah M. Mathews, Carol A. Ben-Shlomo, Yoav TI Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder are associated with lower socio-economic status: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; RISK AB AimOnly a few studies have examined the relationship between Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder and socio-economic status (SES). Existing studies are primarily cross-sectional, arise from specialty clinics, and use single measures of SES. In this study we examine this relationship in a longitudinal, population-based sample. MethodData are from 7152 children born during 1991 and 1992 in the county of Avon, UK, from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, who were followed up to age 13. After exclusions for intellectual disability* and autism, 6768 participants (3351 males [49.5%]) and 3417 females [50.5%]) remained. Parental SES was assessed using multiple measures during pregnancy and at 33months of age. Presence of Tourette syndrome or chronic tics was determined from repeated maternal questionnaires up to when the child was 13years of age. ResultsMultiple SES measures were associated with an approximately twofold increased risk of Tourette syndrome and chronic tics. A postnatal composite factor score (lowest vs highest tertile odds ratio 2.09, 95% confidence interval 1.38-3.47) provided the best fit to the data. InterpretationsAs is seen in several childhood conditions, such as cerebral palsy and autism, lower SES is a risk factor for Tourette syndrome/chronic tics. Potential explanations include differential exposure to environmental risk factors or parental psychopathology as a measure of an increased genetic risk leading to decreased parental SES. C1 [Miller, Laura L.; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. [Scharf, Jeremiah M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Scharf, Jeremiah M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Scharf, Jeremiah M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Div Cognit & Behav Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mathews, Carol A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Miller, LL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Oakfield House, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. EM l.l.miller@bristol.ac.uk FU Tourette Syndrome Association, USA; NIH [MH085057]; University of Bristol; UK Medical Research Council [74882]; Wellcome Trust [076467] FX We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, and nurses. LLM was funded by the Tourette Syndrome Association, USA. JMS was funded by the Tourette Syndrome Association, USA, and NIH MH085057. CAM was funded by the Tourette Syndrome Association, USA. YB-S was funded by a tenured position at the University of Bristol and the Tourette Syndrome Association, USA. No authors have any conflicts of interest. The UK Medical Research Council (grant ref. 74882) the Wellcome Trust (grant ref. 076467) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 56 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1111/dmcn.12318 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 287LU UT WOS:000329544100007 PM 24138188 ER PT J AU Li, H Xue, Z Ellmore, TM Frye, RE Wong, STC AF Li, Hai Xue, Zhong Ellmore, Timothy M. Frye, Richard E. Wong, Stephen T. C. TI Network-Based Analysis Reveals Stronger Local Diffusion-Based Connectivity and Different Correlations with Oral Language Skills in Brains of Children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; brain network; connectivity; diffusion tensor imaging; oral language ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; WHITE-MATTER; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; NEURAL SYSTEMS; STRUCTURAL NETWORKS; WEIGHTED MRI; GRAPH-THEORY; SMALL-WORLD; TRACTOGRAPHY; UNDERCONNECTIVITY AB Neuroimaging has uncovered both long-range and short-range connectivity abnormalities in the brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the precise connectivity abnormalities and the relationship between these abnormalities and cognition and ASD symptoms have been inconsistent across studies. Indeed, studies find both increases and decreases in connectivity, suggesting that connectivity changes in the ASD brain are not merely due to abnormalities in specific connections, but rather, due to changes in the structure of the network in which the brain areas interact (i.e., network topology). In this study, we examined the differences in the network topology between high-functioning ASD patients and age and gender matched typically developing (TD) controls. After quantitatively characterizing the whole-brain connectivity network using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, we searched for brain regions with different connectivity between ASD and TD. A measure of oral language ability was then correlated with the connectivity changes to determine the functional significance of such changes. Whole-brain connectivity measures demonstrated greater local connectivity and shorter path length in ASD as compared to TD. Stronger local connectivity was found in ASD, especially in regions such as the left superior parietal lobule, the precuneus and angular gyrus, and the right supramarginal gyrus. The relationship between oral language ability and local connectivity within these regions was significantly different between ASD and TD. Stronger local connectivity was associated with better performance in ASD and poorer performance in TD. This study supports the notion that increased local connectivity is compensatory for supporting cognitive function in ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 35:396-413, 2014. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Li, Hai; Xue, Zhong; Wong, Stephen T. C.] Methodist Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Res Inst, Dept Syst Med & Bioengn, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ellmore, Timothy M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Neurosurg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Frye, Richard E.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Div Autism Res, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Frye, RE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Slot 512-41B,Room R4025,13 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM REFrye@uams.edu RI Xue, Zhong/I-3414-2012 FU Ting Tsung and Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, TMHRI, Weill Cornell Medical College, John S Dunn Research Foundation [NINDSNS046565] FX Contract grant sponsor: Ting Tsung and Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN; Contract grant sponsor: Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, TMHRI, Weill Cornell Medical College, John S Dunn Research Foundation (to STCW); Contract grant number: NINDSNS046565 (to REF). 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TI Disruption of Functional Organization Within the Primary Motor Cortex in Children With Autism SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE resting state; functional connectivity; clustering; motor cortex; autistic disorder ID LATERAL PARIETAL CORTEX; RESTING-STATE NETWORKS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN; DIAGNOSTIC-INTERVIEW; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE DISORDER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CONNECTIVITY; FMRI AB Accumulating evidence suggests that motor impairments are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), relate to the social and communicative deficits at the core of the diagnosis and may reflect abnormal connectivity within brain networks underlying motor control and learning. Parcellation of resting-state functional connectivity data using spectral clustering approaches has been shown to be an effective means of visualizing functional organization within the brain but has most commonly been applied to explorations of normal brain function. This article presents a parcellation of a key area of the motor network, the primary motor cortex (M1), a key area of the motor control network, in adults, typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD and introduces methods for selecting the number of parcels, matching parcels across groups and testing group differences. The parcellation is based solely on patterns of connectivity between individual M1 voxels and all voxels outside of M1, and within all groups, a gross dorsomedial to ventrolateral organization emerged within M1 which was left-right symmetric. Although this gross organizational scheme was present in both groups of children, statistically significant group differences in the size and segregation of M1 parcels within regions of the motor homunculus corresponding to the upper and lower limbs were observed. Qualitative comparison of the M1 parcellation for children with ASD with that of younger and older TD children suggests that these organizational differences, with a lack of differentiation between lower limb/trunk regions and upper limb/hand regions, may be due, at least in part, to a delay in functional specialization within the motor cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 35:567-580, 2014. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Nebel, Mary Beth; Muschelli, John; Barber, Anita D.; Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Lab Neurocognit & Imaging Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Nebel, Mary Beth; Barber, Anita D.; Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Joel, Suresh E.; Pekar, James J.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, FM Kirby Res Ctr Funct Brain Imaging, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Joel, Suresh E.; Pekar, James J.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Muschelli, John; Caffo, Brian S.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Nebel, MB (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, 716 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mb@jhmi.edu RI Nebel, Mary Beth/D-3305-2015 OI Nebel, Mary Beth/0000-0003-0185-3382 FU National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [R01EB012547]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R01NS060910, R01NS048527]; National Institute of Mental Health [R01MH078160, R01MH085328]; Autism Speaks Foundation FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Contract grant number: R01EB012547; Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Contract grant numbers: R01NS060910, R01NS048527; Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Mental Health; Contract grant numbers: R01MH078160, R01MH085328; Contract grant sponsor: Autism Speaks Foundation. 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Brain Mapp. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 35 IS 2 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1002/hbm.22188 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 287HJ UT WOS:000329532400001 PM 23118015 ER PT J AU Wiggins, JL Bedoyan, JK Carrasco, M Swartz, JR Martin, DM Monk, CS AF Wiggins, Jillian Lee Bedoyan, Jirair K. Carrasco, Melisa Swartz, Johnna R. Martin, Donna M. Monk, Christopher S. TI Age-Related Effect of Serotonin Transporter Genotype on Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex Function in Adolescence SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE functional MRI; 5-HTTLPR; development; affect; emotion; connectivity; imaging genetics ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; 5-HTTLPR POLYMORPHISM; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; EMOTIONAL FACES; NEURAL RESPONSE; PROMOTER REGION; HUMAN BRAIN; GENE AB The S and L-G alleles of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) lower serotonin transporter expression. These low-expressing alleles are linked to increased risk for depression and brain activation patterns found in depression (increased amygdala activation and decreased amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity). Paradoxically, serotonin transporter blockade relieves depression symptoms. Rodent models suggest that decreased serotonin transporter in early life produces depression that emerges in adolescence, whereas decreased serotonin transporter that occurs later in development ameliorates depression. However, no brain imaging research has yet investigated the moderating influence of human development on the link between 5-HTTLPR and effect-related brain function. We investigated the age-related effect of 5-HTTLPR on amygdala activation and amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity using a well-replicated probe, an emotional face task, in children and adolescents aged 9-19 years. A significant genotype-by-age interaction predicted amygdala activation, such that the low-expressing genotype (S/S and S/L-G) group showed a greater increase in amygdala activation with age compared to the higher expressing (L-A/L-A and S/L-A) group. Additionally, compared to the higher expressing group, the low-expressing genotype group exhibited decreased connectivity between the right amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex with age. Findings indicate that low-expressing genotypes may not result in the corticolimbic profile associated with depression risk until later adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 35:646-658, 2014. (c) 2012 Wiley-Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wiggins, Jillian Lee; Swartz, Johnna R.; Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Bedoyan, Jirair K.; Martin, Donna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carrasco, Melisa; Martin, Donna M.; Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Neurosci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Martin, Donna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wiggins, JL (reprint author), 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM leejilli@umich.edu RI Monk, Christopher/J-1805-2014 FU Autism Speaks Pre-doctoral Fellowship [4773]; Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR) Pre-doctoral Fellowship [UL1RR024986]; Autism Speaks Grant [2573]; National Institutes of Health [R01 NS54784, R01 DC009410, K12 HD028820]; MICHR Pilot Award [U024600]; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan [Elizabeth E. Kennedy (Children's Research) Fund Award] FX Contract grant sponsor: Autism Speaks Pre-doctoral Fellowship; Contract grant number: 4773; Contract grant sponsor: Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR) Pre-doctoral Fellowship; Contract grant number: UL1RR024986; Contract grant sponsor: Autism Speaks Grant; Contract grant number: 2573; Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Contract grant numbers: R01 NS54784, R01 DC009410, K12 HD028820; Contract grant sponsor: MICHR Pilot Award; Contract grant number: U024600; Contract grant sponsor: Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan [Elizabeth E. Kennedy (Children's Research) Fund Award]. 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Brain Mapp. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 35 IS 2 BP 646 EP 658 DI 10.1002/hbm.22208 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 287HJ UT WOS:000329532400024 PM 23124623 ER PT J AU Moore, HW Barton, EE Chironis, M AF Moore, Heather W. Barton, Erin E. Chironis, Maria TI A Program for Improving Toddler Communication Through Parent Coaching SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE infants and toddlers; speech and language delays; parent coaching ID EARLY-CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS; LATE-TALKING TODDLERS; EARLY INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; AUTISM; DISABILITIES; METAANALYSIS; EDUCATION; SERVICES AB The purpose of this manuscript was to describe a community-based program, Language and Play Everyday (LAPE), aimed at evaluating effective practices for enhancing parents' capacity to increase their toddlers' communication skills. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 33 IS 4 BP 212 EP 224 DI 10.1177/0271121413497520 PG 13 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 284MU UT WOS:000329323800002 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Zhou, GX Jin, J Zhao, QB Wang, XY Cichocki, A AF Zhang, Yu Zhou, Guoxu Jin, Jing Zhao, Qibin Wang, Xingyu Cichocki, Andrzej TI AGGREGATION OF SPARSE LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSES FOR EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL CLASSIFICATION IN BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Aggregation; brain-computer interface (BCI); electroencephalogram (EEG); event-related potential (ERP); sparse linear discriminant analysis ID EEG-BASED DIAGNOSIS; FUZZY SYNCHRONIZATION LIKELIHOOD; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; COMMON SPATIAL-PATTERN; BCI COMPETITION 2003; SINGLE TRIAL EEG; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; NEURAL-NETWORK; P300 SPELLER; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Two main issues for event-related potential (ERP) classification in brain-computer interface (BCI) application are curse-of-dimensionality and bias-variance tradeoff, which may deteriorate classification performance, especially with insufficient training samples resulted from limited calibration time. This study introduces an aggregation of sparse linear discriminant analyses (ASLDA) to overcome these problems. In the ASLDA, multiple sparse discriminant vectors are learned from differently l(1)-regularized least-squares regressions by exploiting the equivalence between LDA and least-squares regression, and are subsequently aggregated to form an ensemble classifier, which could not only implement automatic feature selection for dimensionality reduction to alleviate curse-of-dimensionality, but also decrease the variance to improve generalization capacity for new test samples. Extensive investigation and comparison are carried out among the ASLDA, the ordinary LDA and other competing ERP classification algorithms, based on different three ERP datasets. Experimental results indicate that the ASLDA yields better overall performance for single-trial ERP classification when insufficient training samples are available. This suggests the proposed ASLDA is promising for ERP classification in small sample size scenario to improve the practicability of BCI. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Jin, Jing; Wang, Xingyu] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Adv Control & Optimizat Chem Proc, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Guoxu; Zhao, Qibin; Cichocki, Andrzej] RIKEN Brain Sci Inst, Lab Adv Brain Signal Proc, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Cichocki, Andrzej] Polish Acad Sci, Syst Res Inst, PL-01447 Warsaw, Poland. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), E China Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Adv Control & Optimizat Chem Proc, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. EM zhangyu0112@gmail.com; zhouguoxu@brain.riken.jp; jinjingat@gmail.com; qbzhao@brain.riken.jp; xywang@ecust.edu.cn; a.cichocki@riken.jp RI Zhao, Qibin/D-1689-2014; Cichocki, Andrzej/A-1545-2015 FU Nation Nature Science Foundation of China [61305028, 61074113, 61203127, 61103122, 61202155]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WH1314023, WH1114038]; Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project [B504]; JSPS KAKENHI Grant [24700154] FX The authors sincerely thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions that helped improve the paper. This study was supported in part by the Nation Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant 61305028, Grant 61074113, Grant 61203127, Grant 61103122, Grant 61202155, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Grant WH1314023, Grant WH1114038, Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project B504, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant 24700154. 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TI The Additive Effects of Scripted Lessons Plus Guided Notes on Science Quiz Scores of Students With Intellectual Disability and Autism SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE scripted lessons; guided notes; science instruction; students with intellectual disability; students with autism ID SIGNIFICANT COGNITIVE DISABILITIES; INSTRUCTION AB This study examined the effects of scripted lessons (SLs) alone and in combination with guided notes during science instruction on science quiz scores of three elementary students with moderate to severe intellectual disability and autism. This study used a multiple probe across three science units design with replication across students and included four conditions of baseline, SLs, scripted lessons plus guided notes (SLs + GNs), and maintenance. 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TI Transition Assessment and Planning for Youth With Severe Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE transition assessment; transition planning; teacher and parent perceptions; intellectual and developmental disabilities ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-ADULTS; MULTIPLE DISABILITIES; POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SELF-DETERMINATION; TEACHER RATINGS; STUDENTS; PARENT; EXPERIENCES AB Although federal law now mandates age-appropriate transition assessment as a key component of high-quality transition planning, little research exists to guide educators on what they might learn when undertaking this process. In this study, the authors examined teacher and parent assessments of the transition-related strengths and needs of 134 youth with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities who were eligible for the state's alternate assessment. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 47 IS 4 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1177/0022466912456241 PG 11 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 276GB UT WOS:000328735500004 ER PT J AU Griffin, MM Taylor, JL Urbano, RC Hodapp, RM AF Griffin, Megan M. Taylor, Julie Lounds Urbano, Richard C. Hodapp, Robert M. TI Involvement in Transition Planning Meetings Among High School Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; transition planning; student involvement; parent involvement ID YOUNG-ADULTS; SELF-DETERMINATION; DIRECTED-IEP; PARTICIPATION; DISABILITIES; YOUTH; EMPLOYMENT; EDUCATION; MIDDLE AB Although students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are least likely to attend and participate in transition planning meetings, little is known about factors related to their involvement. Using a national data set, we conducted regressions to identify predictors of the involvement of 320 youth with ASD. Attendance positively related to higher expressive language skills, greater time spent in general education, and more frequent discussions about postschool plans at home. Attendance negatively related to greater parent involvement at school. Active participation was shown by students who had higher self-advocacy skills, spent more time in general education, and more often discussed postschool plans at home. Active participants were also more likely to be younger and Caucasian. Implications for research and practice are discussed. C1 [Griffin, Megan M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Taylor, Julie Lounds; Urbano, Richard C.; Hodapp, Robert M.] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. RP Griffin, MM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Coll Educ, Dept Educ Specialties, MSC05 3040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. 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Spec. Educ. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 47 IS 4 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1177/0022466913475668 PG 9 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 276GB UT WOS:000328735500005 ER PT J AU Damiano, CR Aloi, J Dunlap, K Burrus, CJ Mosner, MG Kozink, RV McLaurin, RE Mullette-Gillman, OA Carter, RM Huettel, SA McClernon, FJ Ashley-Koch, A Dichter, GS AF Damiano, Cara R. Aloi, Joseph Dunlap, Kaitlyn Burrus, Caley J. Mosner, Maya G. Kozink, Rachel V. McLaurin, Ralph Edward Mullette-Gillman, O'Dhaniel A. Carter, Ronald McKell Huettel, Scott A. McClernon, Francis Joseph Ashley-Koch, Allison Dichter, Gabriel S. TI Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and mesolimbic responses to rewards SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Oxytocin; Oxytocin receptor; Genetics; Neuroimaging; Reward; Motivation; Mesolimbic; Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FEMALE PRAIRIE VOLES; VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; AFFILIATIVE BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SOCIAL RECOGNITION; POLYGAMOUS VOLES AB Background: There has been significant progress in identifying genes that confer risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the heterogeneity of symptom presentation in ASDs impedes the detection of ASD risk genes. One approach to understanding genetic influences on ASD symptom expression is to evaluate relations between variants of ASD candidate genes and neural endophenotypes in unaffected samples. Allelic variations in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene confer small but significant risk for ASDs for which the underlying mechanisms may involve associations between variability in oxytocin signaling pathways and neural response to rewards. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of allelic variability in the OXTR gene on neural responses to monetary rewards in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: The moderating effects of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1042778, rs2268493 and rs237887) of the OXTR gene on mesolimbic responses to rewards were evaluated using a monetary incentive delay fMRI task. Results: T homozygotes of the rs2268493 SNP demonstrated relatively decreased activation in mesolimbic reward circuitry (including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, insula, thalamus and prefrontal cortical regions) during the anticipation of rewards but not during the outcome phase of the task. Allelic variation of the rs1042778 and rs237887 SNPs did not moderate mesolimbic activation during either reward anticipation or outcomes. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that the OXTR SNP rs2268493, which has been previously identified as an ASD risk gene, moderates mesolimbic responses during reward anticipation. Given previous findings of decreased mesolimbic activation during reward anticipation in ASD, the present results suggest that OXTR may confer ASD risk via influences on the neural systems that support reward anticipation. C1 [Damiano, Cara R.; Aloi, Joseph; Mosner, Maya G.; Dichter, Gabriel S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, UNC CH, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dunlap, Kaitlyn; Burrus, Caley J.; Dichter, Gabriel S.] Duke Univ, Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Kozink, Rachel V.; Carter, Ronald McKell; Huettel, Scott A.; McClernon, Francis Joseph] Duke Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. [McLaurin, Ralph Edward; McClernon, Francis Joseph] Duke Univ, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC USA. [Mullette-Gillman, O'Dhaniel A.] Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Neurosci & Behav Disorders Program, Singapore, Singapore. [Mullette-Gillman, O'Dhaniel A.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Carter, Ronald McKell; Huettel, Scott A.] Duke Univ, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Durham, NC USA. [Huettel, Scott A.] Duke Univ, Dept Psychol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Huettel, Scott A.] Duke Univ, Dept Neurosci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Ashley-Koch, Allison] Duke Univ, Dept Med, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Damiano, CR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, UNC CH, CB 3270,Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM cdamiano@email.unc.edu FU NUS [R-581-000-123-133, R-581-000-133-112]; Weatherstone Predoctoral Fellowship; Earl and Barbara Baughman Dissertation Research Award; UNC-CH Graduate School Dissertation Completion Fellowship; [U54 HD079124]; [K23 MH081285]; [RC1 MH88680] FX This research was supported by U54 HD079124 (GSD), K23 MH081285 (GSD), RC1 MH88680 (SAH), NUS Grants R-581-000-123-133 and R-581-000-133-112 (OAM), the Weatherstone Predoctoral Fellowship (CRD), the Earl and Barbara Baughman Dissertation Research Award (CRD), and a UNC-CH Graduate School Dissertation Completion Fellowship (CRD). We would like to thank MRI technologists Susan Music, Natalie Goutkin, and Luke Poole for assistance with data acquisition, and BIAC Director Dr Allen Song for assistance with various aspects of this project. 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Autism PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 7 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-7 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF4UU UT WOS:000334710500001 PM 24485285 ER PT J AU Vara, AS Pang, EW Doyle-Thomas, KAR Vidal, J Taylor, MJ Anagnostou, E AF Vara, Anji S. Pang, Elizabeth W. Doyle-Thomas, Krissy A. R. Vidal, Julie Taylor, Margot J. Anagnostou, Evdokia TI Is inhibitory control a 'no-go' in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder? SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Adolescence; Brain imaging; Inhibition ID INFERIOR PREFRONTAL CORTEX; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ROSTRAL ANTERIOR CINGULATE; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONAL MRI; FRONTAL-CORTEX AB Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social communication deficits, repetitive behaviours, and restrictive interests. Impaired inhibition has been suggested to exacerbate the core symptoms of ASD. This is particularly critical during adolescence when social skills are maturing to adult levels. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we identified the location and timing pattern of neural activity associated with inhibition in adolescents with autism, compared to typically developing adolescents. Methods: The MEG data from 15 adolescents with ASD and 15 age-matched controls (13 to 17 years) were collected during a go/no-go task with inverse ratios of go/no-go trials in two conditions: an inhibition condition (1:2) and a baseline condition (2:1). No-go trials from the two conditions were analyzed using beamformer source localizations from 200 ms to 400 ms post-stimulus onset. Significant activations were determined using permutation testing. Results: Adolescents with ASD recruited first the right middle frontal gyrus (200 to 250 ms) followed by the left postcentral gyrus (250 to 300 ms) and finally the left middle frontal and right medial frontal gyri (300 to 400 ms). Typically developing adolescents recruited first the left middle frontal gyrus (200 to 250 ms), followed by the left superior and inferior frontal gyri (250 to 300 ms), then the right middle temporal gyrus (300 to 350 ms), and finally the superior and precentral gyri and right inferior lobule (300 to 400 ms). Conclusions: Adolescents with ASD showed recruitment limited largely to the frontal cortex unlike typically developing adolescents who recruited parietal and temporal regions as well. These findings support the presence of an atypical, restricted inhibitory network in adolescents with ASD compared to controls. C1 [Vara, Anji S.; Pang, Elizabeth W.; Taylor, Margot J.; Anagnostou, Evdokia] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Vara, Anji S.; Doyle-Thomas, Krissy A. R.; Anagnostou, Evdokia] Univ Toronto, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabil Hosp, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. [Vara, Anji S.; Pang, Elizabeth W.; Taylor, Margot J.; Anagnostou, Evdokia] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada. [Vidal, Julie] Paris Descartes Univ, F-3521 Paris, France. [Vidal, Julie] CNRS, UMR 3521, Paris, France. [Anagnostou, Evdokia] Univ Toronto, Bloorview Res Inst, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. RP Anagnostou, E (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM eanagnostou@hollandbloorview.ca FU U of T Open Fellowship Award; Ontario Brain Institute FX The authors would like to thank Marc Lalancette, Hamzah Qureshi, and Travis Mills for their assistance with the analyses. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Jessica Brian and the ARC team at Holland Bloorview for their efforts in characterising our sample. ASV was funded through the U of T Open Fellowship Award and the work involved in this study was partially funded through the Ontario Brain Institute. Finally, the authors would like to recognize the families of the participants for their willingness to contribute a great deal of time towards research. 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TC 2 Z9 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2040-2392 J9 MOL AUTISM JI Mol. Autism PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 6 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-6 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF8KP UT WOS:000334964900001 PM 24485230 ER PT J AU Konstantoudaki, X Papoutsi, A Chalkiadaki, K Poirazi, P Sidiropoulou, K AF Konstantoudaki, Xanthippi Papoutsi, Athanasia Chalkiadaki, Kleanthi Poirazi, Panayiota Sidiropoulou, Kyriaki TI Modulatory effects of inhibition on persistent activity in a cortical microcircuit model SO FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS LA English DT Article DE prefrontal cortex; NMDA; synchronicity; fast-spiking interneurons; connectivity; parvalbumin interneurons ID DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; FAST-SPIKING INTERNEURONS; DUAL INTRACELLULAR-RECORDINGS; GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE; CAT VISUAL-CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS; NMDA RECEPTORS; RAT NEOCORTEX AB Neocortical network activity is generated through a dynamic balance between excitation, provided by pyramidal neurons, and inhibition, provided by interneurons. Imbalance of the excitation/inhibition ratio has been identified in several neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, autism and epilepsy, which also present with other cognitive deficits and symptoms associated with prefrontal cortical (PFC) dysfunction. We undertook a computational approach to study how changes in the excitation/inhibition balance in a PFC microcircuit model affect the properties of persistent activity, considered the cellular correlate of working memory function in PFC. To this end, we constructed a PFC microcircuit, consisting of pyramidal neuron models and all three different interneuron types: fast-spiking (FS), regular-spiking (RS), and irregular-spiking (IS) interneurons. Persistent activity was induced in the microcircuit model with a stimulus to the proximal apical dendrites of the pyramidal neuron models, and its properties were analyzed, such as the induction profile, the interspike intervals (IS1s) and neuronal synchronicity. Our simulations showed that (a) the induction but not the firing frequency or neuronal synchronicity is modulated by changes in the NMDA-to-AMPA ratio on FS interneuron model, (b) removing or decreasing the FS model input to the pyramidal neuron models greatly limited the biophysical modulation of persistent activity induction, decreased the ISIs and neuronal synchronicity during persistent activity, (c) the induction and firing properties could not be altered by the addition of other inhibitory inputs to the soma (from RS or IS models), and (d) the synchronicity change could be reversed by the addition of other inhibitory inputs to the soma, but beyond the levels of the control network. Thus, generic somatic inhibition acts as a pacemaker of persistent activity and FS specific inhibition modulates the output of the pacemaker. C1 [Konstantoudaki, Xanthippi; Papoutsi, Athanasia; Chalkiadaki, Kleanthi; Sidiropoulou, Kyriaki] Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Iraklion, Greece. [Konstantoudaki, Xanthippi; Papoutsi, Athanasia; Chalkiadaki, Kleanthi; Poirazi, Panayiota; Sidiropoulou, Kyriaki] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. RP Poirazi, P (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Computat Biol Lab, 100 N Plastira Str, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. EM poirazi@imbb.forth.gr FU Marie-Curie IOF grant [FEAR MEMORY TRACE-253388]; NARSAD young investigator award; ERC Starting Grant [ERC-2012-StG-311435] FX This work was supported by a Marie-Curie IOF grant (FEAR MEMORY TRACE-253388) and a NARSAD young investigator award to Kyriaki Sidiropoulou and an ERC Starting Grant to Panayiota Poirazi ('dEMORY', ERC-2012-StG-311435). 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Neural Circuits PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 7 DI 10.3389/fncir.2014.00007 PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AC7LQ UT WOS:000332710900001 PM 24550786 ER PT J AU Bejerot, S Eriksson, JM AF Bejerot, Susanne Eriksson, Jonna M. TI Sexuality and Gender Role in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Control Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IDENTITY DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; HUMAN BRAIN; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; CHILDHOOD; TRAITS AB The 'extreme male brain theory of autism' describes an extreme male pattern of cognitive traits defined as strong systemising abilities paired with empathising weaknesses in autism spectrum disorder. However, beyond these cognitive traits, clinical observations have suggested an ambiguous gender-typed pattern regarding several sexually dimorphic traits. The aim of the present study was to investigate if patterns of non-cognitive sexually dimorphic traits differed between the autism spectrum disorder and control groups. Fifty adults with autism spectrum disorder and intelligence within the normal range, and 53 neurotypical controls responded to questions on gender role, self-perceived gender typicality and gender identity, as well as sexuality. Measures used were a Swedish modification of the Bem Sex Role Inventory and questions on sexuality and gender designed for the purpose of this study. Our results showed that one common gender role emerged in the autism spectrum disorder group. Masculinity (e. g. assertiveness, leadership and competitiveness) was weaker in the autism spectrum disorder group than in the controls, across men and women. Self-perceived gender typicality did not differ between the groups but tomboyism and bisexuality were overrepresented amongst women with autism spectrum disorder. Lower libido was reported amongst both male and female participants with autism spectrum disorder compared with controls. We conclude that the extreme male patterns of cognitive functions in the autistic brain do not seem to extend to gender role and sexuality. A gender-atypical pattern for these types of characteristics is suggested in autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Bejerot, Susanne; Eriksson, Jonna M.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Bejerot, S (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden. EM susanne.bejerot@gmail.com FU Swedish Medical Research Council [523-2011-3646]; St. Goran Foundation; Swedish Society of Medicine; Thuring Foundation FX This study was founded through the Swedish Medical Research Council (Grant No 523-2011-3646) the St. Goran Foundation, the Swedish Society of Medicine and the Thuring Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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S. Manzoni, Olivier J. TI Late onset deficits in synaptic plasticity in the valproic acid rat model of autism SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE valproic acid; prefrontal cortex; synaptic plasticity; autism; age; NMDA receptor ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MOUSE MODEL; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; ANIMAL-MODEL; MICE AB Valproic acid (VPA) is a frequently used drug in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorders and migraines; however it is also a potent teratogen. Prenatal exposure increases the risk of childhood malformations and can result in cognitive deficits. In rodents in utero exposure to VPA also causes neurodevelopmental abnormalities and is an important model of autism. In early postnatal life VPA exposed rat pups show changes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) physiology and synaptic connectivity. 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This switch from hyper to hypo function in mPFC may be linked to some of the neurodevelopmental defects found in prenatal VPA exposure and autism spectrum disorders in general. C1 [Martin, Henry G. S.; Manzoni, Olivier J.] INSERM, Pathophysiol Synapt Plast Grp U901, F-13273 Marseille 09, France. [Martin, Henry G. S.; Manzoni, Olivier J.] Inst Neurobiol Mediterranee INMED, F-13273 Marseille 09, France. [Martin, Henry G. S.; Manzoni, Olivier J.] Univ Aix Marseille, Marseille, France. RP Manzoni, OJ (reprint author), INSERM, Parc Sci Luminy,163 Ave Luminy, F-13273 Marseille 09, France. EM olivier.manzoni@inserm.fr FU INSERM; ANR "RescueMemo'' FX This work was supported by INSERM and ANR "RescueMemo''. Ve thank members from the Manzoni and Chavis laboratories for discussions, the National Institute of Mental Health's Chemical Synthesis and Drug Supply Program (Rockville, MD, USA) for providing DNQX, and Dr. R. Nardou and Dr. D. Ferrari from Neurochlore (www.neurochlore.fr) for providing the VPA-treated rats. 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Cell. Neurosci. PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 23 DI 10.3389/fncel.2014.00023 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AA4GP UT WOS:000331054400001 PM 24550781 ER PT J AU He, W Brock, J Johnson, BW AF He, Wei Brock, Jon Johnson, Blake W. TI Face-sensitive brain responses measured from a four-year-old child with a custom-sized child MEG system SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cognitive development; Face perception; Magnetoencephalography; N170; M170 ID LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTION AB Background: Previous magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies have failed to find a facesensitive, brain response-M170 in children. If this is the case, this suggests that the developmental trajectory of the M170 is different from that of its electrical equivalent, the N170. We investigated the alternative possibility that the child M170 may not be detectable in conventional adult-sized MEG systems. New method: Brain responses to pictures of faces and well controlled stimuli were measured from the same four-year-old child with a custom child MEG system and an adult-sized MEG system. Results: The goodness of fit of the child's head was about the same over the occipital head surface in both systems, but was much worse over all other parts of the head surface in the adult MEG system compared to the child MEG system. The face-sensitive M170 was measured from the child in both ME-G systems, but was larger in amplitude, clearer in morphology, and had a more accurate source localization when measured in the child MEG system. Comparison with existing method: The custom-sized child MEG system is superior for measuring the face-sensitive M170 brain response in children than the conventional adult MEG system. Conclusions: The present results show that the face-sensitive M170 brain response can be elicited in a four-year-old child. This provides new evidence for early maturation of face processing brain mechanisms in humans, and offers new opportunities for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders that show atypical face processing capabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Wei; Brock, Jon; Johnson, Blake W.] Macquarie Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP He, W (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM wei.he@mq.edu.au FU Australian Research Council Linkage Infrastructure Equipment and Facilities Grant [LEO668421]; Australian Research Council Linkage Project Grant [LP0669471]; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Cognition and its Disorders [CE110001021] FX This work was supported by Australian Research Council Linkage Infrastructure Equipment and Facilities Grant LEO668421, Australian Research Council Linkage Project Grant LP0669471, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Cognition and its Disorders (CE110001021), http://www.ccd.edu.au. The authors thank Romina Polermo and Douglas Cheyne for helpful comments during the design of the experiment and Bruno Russion for providing the picture stimuli. The authors gratefully acknowledge the collaboration of Kanazawa Institute of Technology in establishing the KIT-Macquarie MEG laboratory. 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PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 215 IS 1 BP 258 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.006 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AA9LF UT WOS:000331414300042 PM 24295761 ER PT J AU Perkovic, MN Erjavec, GN Stefulj, J Muck-Seler, D Pivac, N Hercigonja, DK Hranilovic, D Curkovic, M Dodig-Curkovic, K AF Perkovic, Matea Nikolac Erjavec, Gordana Nedic Stefulj, Jasminka Muck-Seler, Dorotea Pivac, Nela Hercigonja, Dubravka Kocijan Hranilovic, Dubravka Curkovic, Mario Dodig-Curkovic, Katarina TI Association between the polymorphisms of the selected genes encoding dopaminergic system with ADHD and autism SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER C1 [Perkovic, Matea Nikolac; Erjavec, Gordana Nedic; Stefulj, Jasminka; Muck-Seler, Dorotea; Pivac, Nela] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. [Hercigonja, Dubravka Kocijan] Polyclin Kocijan Hercigonja, Zagreb, Croatia. [Hranilovic, Dubravka] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Curkovic, Mario; Dodig-Curkovic, Katarina] Josip Juraj Strossmayer Univ Osijek, Osijek, Croatia. RP Pivac, N (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Mol Med, POB 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. EM npivac@irb.hr CR Bellgrove MA, 2005, EXP BRAIN RES, V163, P352, DOI 10.1007/s00221-004-2180-y Grady DL, 2005, AM J MED GENET B, V136B, P33, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30182 Muhle R, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V113, pE472, DOI 10.1542/peds.113.5.e472 Rommelse NNJ, 2010, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V19, P281, DOI 10.1007/s00787-010-0092-x Wallis D, 2010, DRUG NEWS PERSPECT, V23, P438, DOI 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.7.1472296 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 215 IS 1 BP 260 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.018 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AA9LF UT WOS:000331414300043 ER PT J AU Chao, TK Hu, J Pringsheim, T AF Chao, Ting-Kuang Hu, Jing Pringsheim, Tamara TI Prenatal risk factors for Tourette Syndrome: a systematic review SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Review DE Tourette syndrome; Tic disorders; Prenatal morbidity; Risk factors ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; CLINICAL-FEATURES; SLITRK1 GENE; TRANSDERMAL NICOTINE; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; TIC SEVERITY AB Background: Tourette Syndrome (TS) appears to be an inherited disorder, although genetic abnormalities have been identified in less than 1% of patients, and the mode of inheritance is uncertain. Many studies have investigated environmental factors that might contribute to the onset and severity of tics and associated comorbidities such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). A systematic review and qualitative analysis were performed to provide a broad view of the association between pre- and perinatal factors and TS. Methods: The Medline, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched using terms specific to Tourette's syndrome and keywords such as "pregnancy", "prenatal", "perinatal", "birth" and "neonatal". Studies were limited to studies on human subjects published in English or French through October 2012. Results: 22 studies were included. Studies were of limited methodological quality, with most samples derived from specialty clinics, and most exposures ascertained retrospectively. The majority of the results for demographic factors of parents, including age, education, socioeconomic status, and marital status, revealed no significant association with the onset of TS, or the presence of comorbidity. Many factors were reported to be significantly associated with the onset of TS, the presence of comorbidity and symptom severity, but the most consistently reported factors were maternal smoking and low birth weight. Conclusions: There are few studies evaluating the relationship between pre and perinatal events and TS, and existing studies have major limitations, including the use of clinic rather than epidemiologically derived samples, retrospective data collection on pre and perinatal events and multiple hypothesis testing without appropriate statistical correction. The mechanism by which prenatal and perinatal adversities could lead to TS onset or symptom severity is unknown, but may be related to changes in the dopaminergic system as a result of early brain injury. C1 [Chao, Ting-Kuang] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Hu, Jing; Pringsheim, Tamara] Univ Calgary, Dept Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Pringsheim, Tamara] Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada. RP Pringsheim, T (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM tmprings@ucalgary.ca FU Public Health Agency of Canada FX Funding for the study was provided by the Public Health Agency of Canada. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors/researchers, and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Public Health Agency of Canada. 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Catacuzzeno, Luigi Di Giovanni, Giuseppe Franciolini, Fabio Pessia, Mauro TI K+ channelepsy: progress in the neurobiology of potassium channels and epilepsy (vol 7, pg 1, 2013) SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Correction DE potassium channels; channelopathies; channelepsy; channelepsies; temporal lobe epilepsy; autism-epilepsy C1 [D'Adamo, Maria C.; Pessia, Mauro] Univ Perugia, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Human Physiol, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [D'Adamo, Maria C.; Di Giovanni, Giuseppe; Pessia, Mauro] IEMEST, Ist Euro Mediterraneo Sci & Tecnol, Palermo, Italy. [Catacuzzeno, Luigi; Franciolini, Fabio] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Biol Cellulare & Ambientale, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Di Giovanni, Giuseppe] Univ Malta, Dept Physiol & Biochem, Msida, Malta. RP Pessia, M (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Sect Human Physiol, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. EM pessia@unipg.it RI franciolini, fabio/F-9699-2014; Di Giovanni, Giuseppe/N-3047-2013; Catacuzzeno, Luigi/M-4637-2014 OI Di Giovanni, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2006-563X; CR D'Adamo MC, 2013, FRONT CELL NEUROSCI, V7, DOI 10.3389/fncel.2013.00134 Lossin C, 2009, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V31, P114, DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2008.07.011 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5102 J9 FRONT CELL NEUROSCI JI Front. Cell. Neurosci. PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 9 DI 10.3389/fncel.2014.00009 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AA4GK UT WOS:000331053800001 ER PT J AU Martin, GN Daniel, N AF Martin, G. Neil Daniel, Niki TI Autism spectrum disorders and chemoreception: dead-end or fruitful avenue of inquiry? SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE odor; olfaction; autism spectrum disorders; asperger syndrome; chemosensation ID SMELL IDENTIFICATION TEST; SENSORY PROFILE; CHILDREN; OLFACTION C1 [Martin, G. Neil] Middlesex Univ, Dept Psychol, Human Olfact Lab, Hendon, England. [Martin, G. Neil] UCL, Dept Psychol, Business Psychol Grp, London, England. [Daniel, Niki] Hoffman Fdn Autism, London, England. RP Martin, GN (reprint author), Middlesex Univ, Dept Psychol, Human Olfact Lab, Hendon, England. 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We aim to fill this gap by analyzing sleep records of a twin pair discordant for Williams syndrome extending our focus on presleep wakefulness and sleep spindling. Methods - We performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of the 7q11.23 region of a 17 years old dizygotic opposite-sex twin pair discordant for Williams syndrome. Polysomnography of laboratory sleep at this age was analyzed and followed-up after 1.5 years by ambulatory polysomnography. Sleep stages scoring, EEG power spectra and sleep spindle analyses were carried out. Results - The twin brother showed reduced levels of amplification for all of the probes in the 7q11.23 region indicating a typical deletion spanning at least 1.038 Mb between FKBP6 and CLIP2. The results of the twin sister showed normal copy numbers in the investigated region. Lower sleep times and efficiencies, as well as higher slow wave sleep percents of the twin brother were evident during both recordings. Roughly equal NREM, Stage 2 and REM sleep percents were found. EEG analyses revealed state and derivation-independent decreases in cc power, lack of an a spectral peak in presleep wakefulness, as well as higher NREM sleep a peak frequency in the twin brother. Faster sleep spindles with lower amplitude and shorter duration characterized the records of the twin brother. Spectra show a striking reliability and correspondence between the two situations (laboratory vs. home records). Conclusion - Alterations in sleep and specific neural oscillations including the alpha/sigma waves are inherent aspects of Williams syndrome. C1 [Bodizs, Robert] Semmelweis Egyet, Magatartastudomanyi Intezet, Budapest, Hungary. [Gombos, Ferenc; Gervan, Patricia; Kovacs, Ilona] Pazmany Peter Katolikus Egyet, Altalanos Lelektani Tanszek, Budapest, Hungary. [Szocs, Katalin; Rethelyi, Janos M.] Semmelweis Egyet, Pszichiatriai & Pszichoterapias Klin, Budapest, Hungary. RP Bodizs, R (reprint author), Semmelweis Univ, Inst Behav Sci, Nagyvarad Ter 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary. EM bodrob@net.sote.hu RI Kovacs, Ilona/A-2372-2009; Bodizs, Robert/A-2651-2009 OI Kovacs, Ilona/0000-0002-1772-2697; Bodizs, Robert/0000-0002-7255-0541 FU Hungarian National Science Found [OTKA-NF60806, OTKA-PD 83876] FX The study was supported by the Hungarian National Science Found (OTKA-NF60806 to I.K. and OTKA-PD 83876 to JMR). The twins and all other members of their family kindly and patiently collaborated with us during the whole course of the study. Authors would like to express their appreciation and thanks for their patience and understanding during this process. 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Little research has been directed, however, at understanding (a) typical white matter development in autism and how this relates to neurocognitive impairments observed in the disorder. In this study we used probabilistic tractography to identify the cingulum bundle in 21 adolescents and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. We investigated group differences in the relationships between age and fractional anisotropy, a putative measure of white matter integrity, within the cingulum bundle. Moreover, in a preliminary investigation, we examined the relationship between cingulum fractional anisotropy and executive functioning using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The ASD participants demonstrated significantly lower fractional anisotropy within the cingulum bundle compared to the typically developing volunteers. There was a significant group-by-age interaction such that the ASD group did not show the typical age-associated increases in fractional anisotropy observed among healthy individuals. Moreover, lower fractional anisotropy within the cingulum bundle was associated with worse BRIEF behavioral regulation index scores in the ASD group. The current findings implicate a dysregulation in cingulum bundle white matter development occurring in late adolescence and early adulthood in ASD, and suggest that greater disturbances in this trajectory are associated with executive dysfunction in ASD. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ikuta, Toshikazu; Shafritz, Keith M.; Bregman, Joel; Peters, Bart D.; Malhotra, Anil K.; Szeszko, Philip R.] Feinstein Inst Med Res, Ctr Psychiat Neurosci, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. [Ikuta, Toshikazu; Peters, Bart D.; Malhotra, Anil K.; Szeszko, Philip R.] Zucker Hillside Hosp, Div Psychiat Res, North Shore LIJ Hlth Syst, Glen Oaks, NY 11004 USA. [Shafritz, Keith M.] Hofstra Univ, Dept Psychol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. [Bregman, Joel] Ctr Autism, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. [Gruner, Patricia] Yale Univ, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Malhotra, Anil K.; Szeszko, Philip R.] Hofstra North Shore LIJ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Hempstead, NY USA. [Malhotra, Anil K.; Szeszko, Philip R.] Hofstra North Shore LIJ Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, Hempstead, NY USA. RP Ikuta, T (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Sch Appl Sci, 352 Rebel Dr, University, MS 38677 USA. EM tikuta@olemiss.edu FU NIH [M01RK018535]; Hofstra University FX We thank Linda Spritzer, Jamie Wagner, Melissa Buchman, and Rachel Ginsberg for help with subject recruitment, cognitive test administration, and data analysis; Dr. Peter Kingsley, John Cholewa and John Ferrannini for technical assistance with MR1 data collection. This work was supported by NIH grant M01RK018535 and grants from Hofstra University. All authors report no competing financial interests. 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TI Testing gene-environment interactions in family-based association studies using trait-based ascertained samples SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE gene-environment interaction; QBAT-I; ascertainment; family-based association study; quantitative trait ID LINKAGE; DISEQUILIBRIUM; EXPOSURE; AUTISM AB The study of gene-environment interactions is an increasingly important aspect of genetic epidemiological investigation. Historically, it has been difficult to study gene-environment interactions using a family-based design for quantitative traits or when parent-offspring trios were incomplete. The QBAT-I provides researchers a tool to estimate and test for a gene-environment interaction in families of arbitrary structure that are sampled without regard to the phenotype of interest, but is vulnerable to inflated type I error if families are ascertained on the basis of the phenotype. In this study, we verified the potential for type I error of the QBAT-I when applied to samples ascertained on a trait of interest. The magnitude of the inflation increases as the main genetic effect increases and as the ascertainment becomes more extreme. We propose an ascertainment-corrected score test that allows the use of the QBAT-I to test for gene-environment interactions in ascertained samples. Our results indicate that the score test and an ad hoc method we propose can often restore the nominal type I error rate, and in cases where complete restoration is not possible, dramatically reduce the inflation of the type I error rate in ascertained samples. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Weiming; Grunwald, Gary K.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Informat, Aurora, CO USA. [Langefeld, Carl D.] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Fingerlin, Tasha E.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Aurora, CO USA. RP Zhang, WM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO USA. EM weiming.zhang@ucdenver.edu FU American Diabetes Association (ADA) Junior Faculty Award; IRAS Family Study (NIH) [HL-60944-02, HL-61210-02, HL-61019-02, HL-60894, HL-60931-02]; GUARDIAN study [DK-085175-11A1] FX The authors thank the investigators of the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) for use of data as an example. TEF was supported by an American Diabetes Association (ADA) Junior Faculty Award. TEF and CDL were supported by the IRAS Family Study (NIH Grants HL-60944-02, HL-61210-02, HL-61019-02, HL-60894, and HL-60931-02) and the GUARDIAN study (DK-085175-11A1). The authors declare no conflicts of interest and thank the families who volunteered to participate in the AGRE and the IRASFS. 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TI Kcnd2 Mutation Associated with Autism and Epilepsy Impairs Inactivation Gating in Kv4.2 K+ Channels SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Lin, Meng-chin A.; Lee, Hane; Kornblum, Harley I.; Nelson, Stanley F.; Papazian, Diane M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 741A EP 741A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000404202 ER PT J AU Chollet, MB Aldridge, K Pangborn, N Weinberg, SM DeLeon, VB AF Chollet, Madeleine B. Aldridge, Kristina Pangborn, Nicole Weinberg, Seth M. DeLeon, Valerie B. TI Landmarking the Brain for Geometric Morphometric Analysis: An Error Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORTICAL SURFACE; FOLDING PATTERNS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SHAPE; MRI; CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; AUTISM; SIZE AB Neuroanatomic phenotypes are often assessed using volumetric analysis. Although powerful and versatile, this approach is limited in that it is unable to quantify changes in shape, to describe how regions are interrelated, or to determine whether changes in size are global or local. Statistical shape analysis using coordinate data from biologically relevant landmarks is the preferred method for testing these aspects of phenotype. To date, approximately fifty landmarks have been used to study brain shape. Of the studies that have used landmark-based statistical shape analysis of the brain, most have not published protocols for landmark identification or the results of reliability studies on these landmarks. The primary aims of this study were two-fold: (1) to collaboratively develop detailed data collection protocols for a set of brain landmarks, and (2) to complete an intra-and inter-observer validation study of the set of landmarks. Detailed protocols were developed for 29 cortical and subcortical landmarks using a sample of 10 boys aged 12 years old. Average intra-observer error for the final set of landmarks was 1.9 mm with a range of 0.72 mm-5.6 mm. Average inter-observer error was 1.1 mm with a range of 0.40 mm-3.4 mm. This study successfully establishes landmark protocols with a minimal level of error that can be used by other researchers in the assessment of neuroanatomic phenotypes. C1 [Chollet, Madeleine B.; Pangborn, Nicole; DeLeon, Valerie B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Funct Anat & Evolut, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Aldridge, Kristina] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Weinberg, Seth M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Ctr Craniofacial & Dent Genet, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Chollet, MB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Funct Anat & Evolut, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mchollet@wustl.edu FU National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research [F31 DE021302-01, 5 R01 DE014399-05]; Johns Hopkins University Libraries FX This study was supported by grants F31 DE021302-01 and 5 R01 DE014399-05 from the National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Publication of this article was funded in part by the Open Access Promotion Fund of the Johns Hopkins University Libraries. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Baird, Lisa Stevens, Jeff Otterud, Brith Leppert, Tami Varvil, Tena Hadley, Dexter Glessner, Joseph T. Pellegrino, Renata Kim, Cecilia Thomas, Kelly Wang, Fengxiang Otieno, Frederick G. Ho, Karen Christensen, Gerald B. Li, Dongying Prekeris, Rytis Lambert, Christophe G. Hakonarson, Hakon Leppert, Mark F. TI Identification of rare DNA sequence variants in high-risk autism families and their prevalence in a large case/control population SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Familial autism; Haplotype sharing; DNA sequence variants; Case/control study ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; GENOME-WIDE LINKAGE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXTENDED PEDIGREE; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; RAB11-INTERACTING PROTEINS; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION AB Background: Genetics clearly plays a major role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but studies to date are only beginning to characterize the causal genetic variants responsible. Until recently, studies using multiple extended multi generation families to identify ASD risk genes had not been undertaken. Methods: We identified haplotypes shared among individuals with ASDs in large multiplex families, followed by targeted DNA capture and sequencing to identify potential causal variants. We also assayed the prevalence of the identified variants in a large ASD case/control population. Results: We identified 584 non-conservative missense, nonsense, frameshift and splice site variants that might predispose to autism in our high-risk families. Eleven of these variants were observed to have odds ratios greater than 1.5 in a set of 1,541 unrelated children with autism and 5,785 controls. Three variants, in the RAB11FIP5, ABP1, and JMJD7-PLA2G4B genes, each were observed in a single case and not in any controls. These variants also were not seen in public sequence databases, suggesting that they may be rare causal ASD variants. Twenty-eight additional rare variants were observed only in high-risk ASD families. Collectively, these 39 variants identify 36 genes as ASD risk genes. Segregation of sequence variants and of copy number variants previously detected in these families reveals a complex pattern, with only a RAB11FIP5 variant segregating to all affected individuals in one two-generation pedigree. Some affected individuals were found to have multiple potential risk alleles, including sequence variants and copy number variants (CNVs), suggesting that the high incidence of autism in these families could be best explained by variants at multiple loci. Conclusions: Our study is the first to use haplotype sharing to identify familial ASD risk loci. In total, we identified 39 variants in 36 genes that may confer a genetic risk of developing autism. The observation of 11 of these variants in unrelated ASD cases further supports their role as ASD risk variants. C1 [Matsunami, Nori; Baird, Lisa; Stevens, Jeff; Otterud, Brith; Leppert, Tami; Varvil, Tena; Leppert, Mark F.] Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hensel, Charles H.; Ho, Karen] Lineagen Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA. [Hadley, Dexter; Glessner, Joseph T.; Pellegrino, Renata; Kim, Cecilia; Thomas, Kelly; Wang, Fengxiang; Otieno, Frederick G.; Hakonarson, Hakon] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Christensen, Gerald B.; Lambert, Christophe G.] Golden Helix Inc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Li, Dongying; Prekeris, Rytis] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Aurora, CO USA. [Hakonarson, Hakon] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hensel, CH (reprint author), Lineagen Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA. EM chensel@lineagen.com FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH 06359]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [U19HD035476]; GCRC from the National Center for Research Resources [M01 RR025764] FX All family subjects were ascertained and DNA collected with support from R01 MH 06359 from the National Institute of Mental Health and U19HD035476 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Utah DNA samples were processed with support from GCRC M01 RR025764 from the National Center for Research Resources. The authors gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium and the participating AGRE families. 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Rahmoune, Hassan Ingudomnukul, Erin Auyeung, Bonnie Ruta, Liliana Baron-Cohen, Simon Bahn, Sabine TI Serum proteomic analysis identifies sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism and inflammation profiles in adults diagnosed with Asperger syndrome SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Asperger Syndrome; Sex; Proteomics; Biomarkers; Lipid transport; Growth; Inflammation ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; DATA-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS; CELL-GROWTH; CHILDREN; PROTEIN; TESTOSTERONE; CHOLESTEROL; EXPRESSION; WOMEN AB Background: The higher prevalence of Asperger Syndrome (AS) and other autism spectrum conditions in males has been known for many years. However, recent multiplex immunoassay profiling studies have shown that males and females with AS have distinct proteomic changes in serum. Methods: Here, we analysed sera from adults diagnosed with AS (males = 14, females = 16) and controls (males = 13, females = 16) not on medication at the time of sample collection, using a combination of multiplex immunoassay and shotgun label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MSE). The main objective was to identify sex-specific serum protein changes associated with AS. Results: Multiplex immunoassay profiling led to identification of 16 proteins that were significantly altered in AS individuals in a sex-specific manner. Three of these proteins were altered in females (ADIPO, IgA, APOA1), seven were changed in males (BMP6, CTGF, ICAM1, IL-12p70, IL-16, TF, TNF-alpha) and six were changed in both sexes but in opposite directions (CHGA, EPO, IL-3, TENA, PAP, SHBG). Shotgun LC-MSE profiling led to identification of 13 serum proteins which had significant sex-specific changes in the AS group and, of these, 12 were altered in females (APOC2, APOE, ARMC3, CLC4K, FETUB, GLCE, MRRP1, PTPA, RN149, TLE1, TRIPB, ZC3HE) and one protein was altered in males (RGPD4). The free androgen index in females with AS showed an increased ratio of 1.63 compared to controls. Conclusion: Taken together, the serum multiplex immunoassay and shotgun LC-MSE profiling results indicate that adult females with AS had alterations in proteins involved mostly in lipid transport and metabolism pathways, while adult males with AS showed changes predominantly in inflammation signalling. These results provide further evidence that the search for biomarkers or novel drug targets in AS may require stratification into male and female subgroups, and could lead to the development of novel targeted treatment approaches. C1 [Steeb, Hannah; Ramsey, Jordan M.; Guest, Paul C.; Stocki, Pawel; Cooper, Jason D.; Rahmoune, Hassan; Bahn, Sabine] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge, England. [Ingudomnukul, Erin; Auyeung, Bonnie; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Ruta, Liliana] Stella Maris Sci Inst, Dept Dev Neurosci, Div Child Neurol & Psychiat, Pisa, Italy. [Bahn, Sabine] Erasmus MC, Dept Neurosci, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Bahn, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge, England. EM sb209@cam.ac.uk FU Autism Speaks [6009]; Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement (FES) [0908]; MRC UK; Wellcome Trust; Autism Research Trust; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation FX This work was funded by Autism Speaks Grant #6009, the Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement (FES), under grant agreement number 0908 (NeuroBasicPharmaPhenomics project). SBC, BA, EI and LR were supported by the MRC UK, the Wellcome Trust, the Autism Research Trust, and the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation during the period of this work, and were part of the NIHRCLAHRC for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. 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Autism PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-4 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF8KM UT WOS:000334964600001 PM 24467795 ER PT J AU Akechi, H Kikuchi, Y Tojo, Y Osanai, H Hasegawa, T AF Akechi, Hironori Kikuchi, Yukiko Tojo, Yoshikuni Osanai, Hiroo Hasegawa, Toshikazu TI Neural and behavioural responses to face-likeness of objects in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; PERCEPTION; CHILDREN; ATTENTION; STIMULI; BRAIN; CORTEX; ADULTS; N170 AB Numerous studies have revealed atypical face processing in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) characterized by social interaction and communication difficulties. This study investigated sensitivity to face-likeness in ASD. In Experiment 1, we found a strong positive correlation between the face-likeness ratings of non-face objects in the ASD (11-19 years old) and the typically developing (TD) group (9-21 years old). In Experiment 2 (the scalp-recorded event-related potential experiment), the participants of both groups (ASD, 12-19 years old; TD, 12-18 years old) exhibited an enhanced face-sensitive N170 amplitude to a face-like object. Whereas the TD adolescents showed an enhanced N170 during the face-likeness judgements, adolescents with ASD did not. Thus, both individuals with ASD and TD individuals have a perceptual and neural sensitivity to face-like features in objects. When required to process face-like features, a face-related brain system reacts more strongly in TD individuals but not in individuals with ASD. C1 [Akechi, Hironori; Kikuchi, Yukiko] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Akechi, Hironori] Tokyo Denki Univ, Div Informat Syst Design, Saitama, Japan. [Kikuchi, Yukiko; Tojo, Yoshikuni] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Educ, Ibaraki, Japan. [Osanai, Hiroo] Musashino Higashi Ctr Educ & Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Hasegawa, Toshikazu] Univ Tokyo, Dept Cognit & Behav Sci, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RP Akechi, H (reprint author), Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. EM akechi@cogn.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [2310946, 2310196, 24330207, 23330271]; Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences at University of Tokyo FX We would like to acknowledge all the participants, their family, and the teachers of Musashino Higashi Gakuen. We thank Saori Usui for help in data collection and Motoyuki Sanada for helpful comments on ERP analysis. This study was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS): Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows #2310946 (H. A.) and #2310196 (Y.K.), JSPS: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) #24330207 (T. H.) and #23330271 (Y.T.), and Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences at University of Tokyo. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 11 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00011 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 301ZV UT WOS:000330571900001 PM 24478677 ER PT J AU Keil, AP Daniels, JL Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Keil, Alexander P. Daniels, Julie L. Hertz-Picciotto, Irva TI Autism spectrum disorder, flea and tick medication, and adjustments for exposure misclassification: the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case-control study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Bayesian; Imidacloprid; Measurement error; Neonicotinoids; Pesticides ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; BIRTH-DEFECTS EPIDEMIOLOGY; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MULTIETHNIC POPULATION; AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE; AMERICAN CHILDREN; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; NEURODEVELOPMENT; CALIFORNIA AB Background: The environmental contribution to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is largely unknown, but household pesticides are receiving increased attention. We examined associations between ASD and maternally-reported use of imidacloprid, a common flea and tick treatment for pets. Methods: Bayesian logistic models were used to estimate the association between ASD and imidacloprid and to correct for potential differential exposure misclassification due to recall in a case control study of ASD. Results: Our analytic dataset included complete information for 262 typically developing controls and 407 children with ASD. Compared with exposure among controls, the odds of prenatal imidacloprid exposure among children with ASD were slightly higher, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 (95% Credible Interval [ CrI] 0.78, 2.2). A susceptibility window analysis yielded higher ORs for exposures during pregnancy than for early life exposures, whereas limiting to frequent users of imidacloprid, the OR increased to 2.0 (95% CI 1.0, 3.9). Conclusions: Within plausible estimates of sensitivity and specificity, the association could result from exposure misclassification alone. The association between imidacloprid exposure and ASD warrants further investigation, and this work highlights the need for validation studies regarding prenatal exposures in ASD. C1 [Keil, Alexander P.; Daniels, Julie L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Med Invest Neurodev Disorders Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Keil, AP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM akeil@unc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P01-ES11269, R01-ES015359]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR [R-829388, R-833292]; National Institute of Health [T32 ES007018] FX The CHARGE Study was funded by National Institutes of Health grants #P01-ES11269, #R01-ES015359, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR grants #R-829388 & R-833292. Funding for this project (AK) was provided by the National Institute of Health grant #T32 ES007018. 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Health PD JAN 23 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-13-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AF2JQ UT WOS:000334538800001 PM 24456651 ER PT J AU Cygan, HB Tacikowski, P Ostaszewski, P Chojnicka, I Nowicka, A AF Cygan, Hanna B. Tacikowski, Pawel Ostaszewski, Pawel Chojnicka, Izabela Nowicka, Anna TI Neural Correlates of Own Name and Own Face Detection in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; VISUAL SELECTIVE ATTENTION; PERSONALLY FAMILIAR FACES; BRAIN POTENTIALS; SELF-FACE; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; SOCIAL COGNITION; WORD RECOGNITION; TEMPORAL CORTEX; ERP COMPONENTS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition clinically characterized by social interaction and communication difficulties. To date, the majority of research efforts have focused on brain mechanisms underlying the deficits in interpersonal social cognition associated with ASD. Recent empirical and theoretical work has begun to reveal evidence for a reduced or even absent self-preference effect in patients with ASD. One may hypothesize that this is related to the impaired attentional processing of self-referential stimuli. The aim of our study was to test this hypothesis. We investigated the neural correlates of face and name detection in ASD. Four categories of face/name stimuli were used: own, close-other, famous, and unknown. Event-related potentials were recorded from 62 electrodes in 23 subjects with ASD and 23 matched control subjects. P100, N170, and P300 components were analyzed. The control group clearly showed a significant self-preference effect: higher P300 amplitude to the presentation of own face and own name than to the close-other, famous, and unknown categories, indicating preferential attentional engagement in processing of self-related information. In contrast, detection of both own and close-other's face and name in the ASD group was associated with enhanced P300, suggesting similar attention allocation for self and close-other related information. These findings suggest that attention allocation in the ASD group is modulated by the personal significance factor, and that the self-preference effect is absent if self is compared to close-other. These effects are similar for physical and non-physical aspects of the autistic self. In addition, lateralization of face and name processing is attenuated in ASD, suggesting atypical brain organization. C1 [Cygan, Hanna B.; Tacikowski, Pawel; Nowicka, Anna] Nencki Inst Expt Biol, Dept Neurophysiol, Psychophysiol Lab, Warsaw, Poland. [Tacikowski, Pawel] Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci Brain Body & Self Lab, Stockholm, Sweden. [Ostaszewski, Pawel] Univ Social Sci & Humanities, Dept Psychol, Warsaw, Poland. [Chojnicka, Izabela] Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Med Genet, Warsaw, Poland. RP Nowicka, A (reprint author), Nencki Inst Expt Biol, Dept Neurophysiol, Psychophysiol Lab, Warsaw, Poland. EM a.nowicka@nencki.gov.pl FU National Science Centre, Warsaw, Poland [2011/01/B/HS6/00683] FX This work was supported by the National Science Centre, Warsaw, Poland (grant 2011/01/B/HS6/00683). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter Kavaliers, Martin MacFabe, Derrick F. TI Pre- and Neonatal Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide or the Enteric Metabolite, Propionic Acid, Alters Development and Behavior in Adolescent Rats in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MATERNAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION; FETAL-BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BODY-WEIGHT REGULATION; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; VALPROIC ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; PRENATAL STRESS; EXPLORATORY-BEHAVIOR AB Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current study examined the effects of prenatal and early life administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial mimetic, and the short chain fatty acid, propionic acid (PPA), a metabolic fermentation product of enteric bacteria, on developmental milestones, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female offspring. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were subcutaneously injected once a day with PPA (500 mg/kg) on gestation days G12-16, LPS (50 mu g/kg) on G15-16, or vehicle control on G12-16 or G15-16. Male and female offspring were injected with PPA (500 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a day, every second day from postnatal days (P) 10-18. Physical milestones and reflexes were monitored in early life with prenatal PPA and LPS inducing delays in eye opening. Locomotor activity and anxiety were assessed in adolescence (P40-42) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field. Prenatal and postnatal treatments altered behavior in a sex-specific manner. Prenatal PPA decreased time spent in the centre of the open-field in males and females while prenatal and postnatal PPA increased anxiety behavior on the EPM in female rats. Prenatal LPS did not significantly influence those behaviors. Evidence for the double hit hypothesis was seen as females receiving a double hit of PPA (prenatal and postnatal) displayed increased repetitive behavior in the open-field. These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that by-products of enteric bacteria metabolism such as PPA may contribute to ASD, altering development and behavior in adolescent rats similar to that observed in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. C1 [Foley, Kelly A.; Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter; Kavaliers, Martin] Univ Western Ontario, Grad Program Neurosci, London, ON, Canada. [Foley, Kelly A.; Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter; Kavaliers, Martin; MacFabe, Derrick F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON, Canada. [Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter; Kavaliers, Martin] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, London, ON, Canada. [MacFabe, Derrick F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Div Dev Disabil, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, London, ON, Canada. [MacFabe, Derrick F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychiat, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Foley, KA (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Grad Program Neurosci, London, ON, Canada. EM kfoley6@uwo.ca FU GoodLife Children's Charities; Autism Research Institute (ARI); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Graduate Scholarship FX This research was supported by contributions from GoodLife Children's Charities and Autism Research Institute (ARI) to Derrick MacFabe and by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grants to Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp and Martin Kavaliers. Kelly Foley was supported by the Ontario Graduate Scholarship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Ropar, Danielle Hamilton, Antonia F. de C. TI The Social Modulation of Imitation Fidelity in School-Age Children SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OVER-IMITATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TOOL-USE; OVERIMITATION; TELEVISION; MIMICRY; AUTISM; MECHANISMS; 3RD-PARTY; COGNITION AB Children copy the actions of others with high fidelity, even when they are not causally relevant. This copying of visibly unnecessary actions is termed overimitation. Many competing theories propose mechanisms for overimitation behaviour. The present study examines these theories by studying the social factors that lead children to overimitate actions. Ninety-four children aged 5- to 8-years each completed five trials of an overimitation task. Each trial provided the opportunity to overimitate an action on familiar objects with minimal causal reasoning demands. Social cues (live or video demonstration) and eye contact from the demonstrator were manipulated. After the imitation, children's ratings of action rationality were collected. Substantial overimitation was seen which increased with age. In older children, overimitation was higher when watching a live demonstrator and when eye contact was absent. Actions rated as irrational were more likely to be imitated than those rated as rational. Children overimitated actions on familiar objects even when they rated those actions as irrational, suggesting that failure of causal reasoning cannot be driving overimitation. Our data support social explanations of overimitation and show that the influence of social factors increases with age over the 5- to 8-year-old age range. C1 [Marsh, Lauren E.; Ropar, Danielle; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Notts, England. [Marsh, Lauren E.] Univ Surrey, Sch Psychol, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Hamilton, Antonia F. de C.] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England. RP Marsh, LE (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Notts, England. EM l.marsh@surrey.ac.uk RI Hamilton, Antonia/B-3612-2008 OI Hamilton, Antonia/0000-0001-8000-0219 FU University of Nottingham FX This study was conducted as part of LM's PhD funded by the University of Nottingham. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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O'Brien, David R. Nehorai, Arye Dougherty, Joseph D. TI Cell Type-Specific Expression Analysis to Identify Putative Cellular Mechanisms for Neurogenetic Disorders SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GABAERGIC NEURONS; SLEEP REGULATION; HUMAN BRAIN; GENE AB Recent advances have substantially increased the number of genes that are statistically associated with complex genetic disorders of the CNS such as autism and schizophrenia. It is now clear that there will likely be hundreds of distinct loci contributing to these disorders, underscoring a remarkable genetic heterogeneity. It is unclear whether this genetic heterogeneity indicates an equal heterogeneity of cellular mechanisms for these diseases. The commonality of symptoms across patients suggests there could be a functional convergence downstream of these loci upon a limited number of cell types or circuits that mediate the affected behaviors. One possible mechanism for this convergence would be the selective expression of at least a subset of these genes in the cell types that comprise these circuits. Using profiling data from mice and humans, we have developed and validated an approach, cell type-specific expression analysis, for identifying candidate cell populations likely to be disrupted across sets of patients with distinct genetic lesions. Using human genetics data and postmortem gene expression data, our approach can correctly identify the cell types for disorders of known cellular etiology, including narcolepsy and retinopathies. Applying this approach to autism, a disease where the cellular mechanism is unclear, indicates there may be multiple cellular routes to this disorder. Our approach may be useful for identifying common cellular mechanisms arising from distinct genetic lesions. C1 [Xu, Xiaoxiao; Nehorai, Arye] Washington Univ, Preston M Green Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Wells, Alan B.; O'Brien, David R.; Dougherty, Joseph D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Wells, Alan B.; O'Brien, David R.; Dougherty, Joseph D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Dougherty, JD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Campus Box 8232,4566 Scott Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM jdougherty@genetics.wustl.edu FU Hope Center; Children's Discovery Institute [MDII2013269]; National Institutes of Health [4R00NS067239-03, R01MH100027]; National Science Foundation [CCF0963742] FX This work was supported by The Hope Center, the Children's Discovery Institute (Grant MDII2013269), the National Institutes of Health (Grants 4R00NS067239-03 and R01MH100027), and the National Science Foundation (Grant CCF0963742 to A.N.). We thank Dr. Joseph Corbo for retinal array data; Neel Parikshak for curated sets of autism genes from exome studies; and Han Yuan, Kyle Kniekamp, and Robert Altman for computational assistance. 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Neurosci. PD JAN 22 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1420 EP 1431 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4488-13.2014 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 298YM UT WOS:000330360700032 PM 24453331 ER PT J AU Wigham, S McConachie, H AF Wigham, Sarah McConachie, Helen TI Systematic Review of the Properties of Tools Used to Measure Outcomes in Anxiety Intervention Studies for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; ETHNIC MEASUREMENT EQUIVALENCE; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; MULTIPLE INFORMANT AGREEMENT; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; EMOTIONAL DISORDERS; INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; MANIFEST ANXIETY; DSM-IV AB Background: Evidence about relevant outcomes is required in the evaluation of clinical interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, to date, the variety of outcome measurement tools being used, and lack of knowledge about the measurement properties of some, compromise conclusions regarding the most effective interventions. Objectives: This two-stage systematic review aimed to identify the tools used in studies evaluating interventions for anxiety for high-functioning children with ASD in middle childhood, and then to evaluate the tools for their appropriateness and measurement properties. Methods: Electronic databases including Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, and the Cochrane database and registers were searched for anxiety intervention studies for children with ASD in middle childhood. Articles examining the measurement properties of the tools used were then searched for using a methodological filter in PubMed, and the quality of the papers evaluated using the COSMIN checklist. Results: Ten intervention studies were identified in which six tools measuring anxiety and one of overall symptom change were used as primary outcomes. One further tool was included as it is recommended for standard use in UK children's mental health services. Sixty three articles on the properties of the tools were evaluated for the quality of evidence, and the quality of the measurement properties of each tool was summarised. Conclusions: Overall three questionnaires were found robust in their measurement properties, the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, its revised version - the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale, and also the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Crucially the articles on measurement properties provided almost no evidence on responsiveness to change, nor on the validity of use of the tools for evaluation of interventions for children with ASD. C1 [Wigham, Sarah; McConachie, Helen] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP McConachie, H (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM helen.mcconachie@ncl.ac.uk FU Northumberland Tyne and Wear National Health Service Foundation Trust FX The review was funded by Research Capacity Funding from the Northumberland Tyne and Wear National Health Service Foundation Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Eye-movement paradigms provide a mechanism for observing how speakers accomplish these aspects of production in real time. These methods have recently been applied to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (LI) in an effort to reveal qualitative differences between groups in sentence production processes. Findings support a multiple-deficit account in which language production is influenced not only by lexical and syntactic constraints, but also by variation in attention control, inhibition and social competence. Thus, children with ASD are especially vulnerable to atypical patterns of visual inspection and verbal utterance. The potential to influence attentional focus and prime appropriate language structures are considered as a mechanism for facilitating language adaptation and learning. C1 Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Norbury, CF (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. 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PD JAN 19 PY 2014 VL 369 IS 1634 AR 20120393 DI 10.1098/rstb.2012.0393 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AC4AZ UT WOS:000332464300007 PM 24324237 ER PT J AU Nudel, R Simpson, NH Baird, G O'Hare, A Conti-Ramsden, G Bolton, PF Hennessy, ER Monaco, AP Knight, JC Winney, B Fisher, SE Newbury, DF AF Nudel, Ron Simpson, Nuala H. Baird, Gillian O'Hare, Anne Conti-Ramsden, Gina Bolton, Patrick F. Hennessy, Elizabeth R. Monaco, Anthony P. Knight, Julian C. Winney, Bruce Fisher, Simon E. Newbury, Dianne F. CA The SLI Consortium TI Associations of HLA alleles with specific language impairment SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Specific language impairment (SLI); HLA; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Genetic association ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; NONWORD REPETITION; GENE-EXPRESSION; AUTISM; LINKAGE; LOCUS; DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci have been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders in which language is affected. However, to date, no studies have investigated the possible involvement of HLA loci in specific language impairment (SLI), a disorder that is defined primarily upon unexpected language impairment. We report association analyses of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HLA types in a cohort of individuals affected by language impairment. Methods: We perform quantitative association analyses of three linguistic measures and case-control association analyses using both SNP data and imputed HLA types. Results: Quantitative association analyses of imputed HLA types suggested a role for the HLA-A locus in susceptibility to SLI. HLA-A A1 was associated with a measure of short-term memory (P = 0.004) and A3 with expressive language ability (P = 0.006). Parent-of-origin effects were found between HLA-B B8 and HLA-DQA1*0501 and receptive language. These alleles have a negative correlation with receptive language ability when inherited from the mother (P = 0.021, P = 0.034, respectively) but are positively correlated with the same trait when paternally inherited (P = 0.013, P = 0.029, respectively). Finally, case control analyses using imputed HLA types indicated that the DR10 allele of HLA-DRB1 was more frequent in individuals with SLI than population controls (P = 0.004, relative risk = 2.575), as has been reported for individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Conclusion: These preliminary data provide an intriguing link to those described by previous studies of other neurodevelopmental disorders and suggest a possible role for HLA loci in language disorders. C1 [Nudel, Ron; Simpson, Nuala H.; Monaco, Anthony P.; Knight, Julian C.; Newbury, Dianne F.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. [Baird, Gillian] Evelina Childrens Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, London SE1 7EH, England. [O'Hare, Anne] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Reprod & Dev Sci, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Conti-Ramsden, Gina] Univ Manchester, Sch Psychol Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Bolton, Patrick F.] Kings Coll London, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Hennessy, Elizabeth R.] Univ Aberdeen, Univ Child Hlth, Aberdeen AB25 2ZG, Scotland. [Hennessy, Elizabeth R.] Univ Aberdeen, DMDE, Aberdeen AB25 2ZG, Scotland. [Monaco, Anthony P.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Winney, Bruce] Univ Oxford, Dept Oncol, ORCRB, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England. [Fisher, Simon E.] Max Planck Inst Psycholinguist, NL-6525 XD Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Fisher, Simon E.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 EZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Newbury, DF (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. EM dianne@well.ox.ac.uk RI Fisher, Simon/E-9130-2012; Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Fisher, Simon/0000-0002-3132-1996; Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 FU MRC [G1000569/1, MR/J003719/1]; University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine; Max Planck Society; Wellcome Trust [060774, 076566, 074318, 088891, 072974, 088262, 090532/Z/09/Z]; European Research Council under the European Union [281824]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; NIHR (UK); Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health at the South London & Maudsley NHS Trust Hospital, London FX We would like to thank all the families, professionals, and individuals who participated in this research. In particular, we would like to thank Simon Fiddy for his assistance with data transformation and Benjamin Fairfax for the use of the Oxfordshire Control samples. DN is a Medical Research Council (MRC) Career Development Fellow and a Junior Research Fellow at St John's College, University of Oxford. The work of the DN lab is funded by the MRC (G1000569/1 and MR/J003719/1). RN is funded by a University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine Prize Studentship. The genotyping of samples was funded by the Max Planck Society. The collection of the SLIC samples was supported by the Wellcome Trust (060774 and 076566). Recruitment of controls for the Oxfordshire study of gene expression in primary immune cells was supported by the Wellcome Trust (074318 and 088891), the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (281824), and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. Recruitment of controls for the POBI study was supported by the Wellcome Trust (072974, 088262). PFB is supported by an NIHR (UK) Senior Investigator award and the Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health at the South London & Maudsley NHS Trust Hospital, London. The work of the Wellcome Trust Centre in Oxford is supported by the Wellcome Trust (090532/Z/09/Z). We are very grateful to the other members of the SLIC for their contributions to this work: V. Slonims (Newcomen Centre, Evelina Children's Hospital, London), A. Clark, J. Watson (Speech and Hearing Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK), E. Simonoff, A Pickles (King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry); A. Everitt (University Child Health and DMDE, University of Aberdeen); J. Seckl (Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh); H. Cowie (Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh); W. Cohen (Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde); J. Nasir (Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's University of London); D. V. M. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JAN 17 PY 2014 VL 6 AR 1 DI 10.1186/1866-1955-6-1 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AB1OE UT WOS:000331560900001 PM 24433325 ER PT J AU Bersten, DC Bruning, JB Peet, DJ Whitelaw, ML AF Bersten, David C. Bruning, John B. Peet, Daniel J. Whitelaw, Murray L. TI Human Variants in the Neuronal Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLH/PAS) Transcription Factor Complex NPAS4/ARNT2 Disrupt Function SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PAS DOMAIN; RESPONSE ELEMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-BINDING; CROSS-TALK; PROTEIN; OBESITY AB Neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim homology (PAS) Factor 4 (NPAS4) is a neuronal activity-dependent transcription factor which heterodimerises with ARNT2 to regulate genes involved in inhibitory synapse formation. NPAS4 functions to maintain excitatory/inhibitory balance in neurons, while mouse models have shown it to play roles in memory formation, social interaction and neurodegeneration. NPAS4 has therefore been implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases which are underpinned by defects in excitatory/inhibitory balance. Here we have explored a broad set of non-synonymous human variants in NPAS4 and ARNT2 for disruption of NPAS4 function. We found two variants in NPAS4 (F147S and E257K) and two variants in ARNT2 (R46W and R107H) which significantly reduced transcriptional activity of the heterodimer on a luciferase reporter gene. Furthermore, we found that NPAS4. F147S was unable to activate expression of the NPAS4 target gene BDNF due to reduced dimerisation with ARNT2. Homology modelling predicts F147 in NPAS4 to lie at the dimer interface, where it appears to directly contribute to protein/protein interaction. We also found that reduced transcriptional activation by ARNT2 R46W was due to disruption of nuclear localisation. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of NPAS4/ARNT dimerisation and transcriptional activation and have potential implications for cognitive phenotypic variation and diseases such as autism, schizophrenia and dementia. C1 [Whitelaw, Murray L.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Mol & Biomed Sci Biochem, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Australian Res Council Special Res Ctr Mol Genet, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Whitelaw, ML (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Mol & Biomed Sci Biochem, Adelaide, SA, Australia. EM murray.whitelaw@adelaide.edu.au FU Australian Research Council FX This research was supported by the Australian Research Council. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Maternal diet and metabolic state influence the behavior of offspring directly by impacting the intrauterine environment and indirectly by modulating maternal behavior. The mechanisms by which maternal diet and metabolic profile shape the perinatal environment remain largely unknown, but recent research has found that increases in inflammatory cytokines, nutrients (glucose and fatty acids), and hormones (insulin and leptin) affect the environment of the developing offspring. Offspring exposed to maternal obesity and high fat diet consumption during development are more susceptible to developing mental health and behavioral disorders such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. Recent evidence suggests that this increased risk for behavioral disorders is driven by modifications in the development of neural pathways involved in behavioral regulation. In particular, research indicates that the development of the serotonergic system is impacted by exposure to maternal obesity and high fat diet consumption, and this disruption may underlie many of the behavioral disturbances observed in these offspring. Given the high rates of obesity and high fat diet consumption in pregnant women, it is vital to examine the influence that maternal nutrition and metabolic profile have on the developing offspring. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sullivan, Elinor L.; Nousen, Elizabeth K.; Chamlou, Katherine A.] Univ Portland, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97203 USA. [Sullivan, Elinor L.] Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Neurosci, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Sullivan, EL (reprint author), Univ Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd, Portland, OR 97203 USA. 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Here we present preliminary evidence for the possibility of improvement of the capability of social perspective-taking in schoolchildren with autism by having intensive experience with narrative, in which they were exposed to narrative in story books read by their parents over a consecutive 5- to 6-day-period. When their capability was evaluated on the basis of a conventional role-taking task, the mean score tended to increase after the exposure as compared to before the exposure, whereas such a change was not recorded in children who did not experience such exposure. These effects were confirmed when the children were retested 4 months later. Although preliminary, the current study represents a step toward the development of more effective social perspective-taking interventions for children with autism C1 [Tsunemi, Kohei] Iwaki Jr Coll, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan. [Tamura, Ayana] Showa Womens Univ, Tokyo, Japan. 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PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 2 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00002 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AA7GL UT WOS:000331265500001 PM 24474946 ER PT J AU Stefansson, H Meyer-Lindenberg, A Steinberg, S Magnusdottir, B Morgen, K Arnarsdottir, S Bjornsdottir, G BragiWalters, G Jonsdottir, GA Doyle, OM Tost, H Grimm, O Kristjansdottir, S Snorrason, H Davidsdottir, SR Gudmundsson, LJ Jonsson, GF Stefansdottir, B Helgadottir, I Haraldsson, M Jonsdottir, B Thygesen, JH Schwarz, AJ Didriksen, M Stensbol, TB Brammer, M Kapur, S Halldorsson, JG Hreidarsson, S Saemundsen, E Sigurdsson, E Stefansson, K AF Stefansson, Hreinn Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas Steinberg, Stacy Magnusdottir, Brynja Morgen, Katrin Arnarsdottir, Sunna Bjornsdottir, Gyda BragiWalters, G. Jonsdottir, Gudrun A. Doyle, Orla M. Tost, Heike Grimm, Oliver Kristjansdottir, Solveig Snorrason, Heimir Davidsdottir, Solveig R. Gudmundsson, Larus J. Jonsson, Gudbjorn F. Stefansdottir, Berglind Helgadottir, Isafold Haraldsson, Magnus Jonsdottir, Birna Thygesen, Johan H. Schwarz, Adam J. Didriksen, Michael Stensbol, Tine B. Brammer, Michael Kapur, Shitij Halldorsson, Jonas G. Hreidarsson, Stefan Saemundsen, Evald Sigurdsson, Engilbert Stefansson, Kari TI CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW; RECURRENT MICRODELETIONS; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; DSM-IV; DEFICITS; METAANALYSIS; 16P11.2; SCALE; PSYCHOSIS AB In a small fraction of patients with schizophrenia or autism, alleles of copy-number variants (CNVs) in their genomes are probably the strongest factors contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. These CNVs may provide an entry point for investigations into the mechanisms of brain function and dysfunction alike. They are not fully penetrant and offer an opportunity to study their effects separate from that of manifest disease. Here we show in an Icelandic sample that a few of the CNVs clearly alter fecundity (measured as the number of children by age 45). Furthermore, we use various tests of cognitive function to demonstrate that control subjects carrying the CNVs perform at a level that is between that of schizophrenia patients and population controls. The CNVs do not all affect the same cognitive domains, hence the cognitive deficits that drive or accompany the pathogenesis vary from one CNV to another. Controls carrying the chromosome 15q11.2 deletion between breakpoints 1 and 2 (15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion) have a history of dyslexia and dyscalculia, even after adjusting for IQ in the analysis, and the CNV only confers modest effects on other cognitive traits. The 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects brain structure in a pattern consistent with both that observed during first-episode psychosis in schizophrenia and that of structural correlates in dyslexia. C1 [Stefansson, Hreinn; Steinberg, Stacy; Arnarsdottir, Sunna; Bjornsdottir, Gyda; BragiWalters, G.; Jonsdottir, Gudrun A.; Kristjansdottir, Solveig; Snorrason, Heimir; Gudmundsson, Larus J.; Jonsson, Gudbjorn F.; Stefansdottir, Berglind; Stefansson, Kari] deCODE Genet Amgen, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Morgen, Katrin; Tost, Heike; Grimm, Oliver] Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. [Magnusdottir, Brynja; Arnarsdottir, Sunna; Davidsdottir, Solveig R.; Helgadottir, Isafold; Haraldsson, Magnus; Sigurdsson, Engilbert] Natl Univ Hosp Reykjavik, Dept Psychiat, Landspitali, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Doyle, Orla M.; Brammer, Michael; Kapur, Shitij] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Haraldsson, Magnus; Halldorsson, Jonas G.; Saemundsen, Evald; Sigurdsson, Engilbert] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Jonsdottir, Birna] Rontgen Domus, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Thygesen, Johan H.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Res Inst Biol Psychiat, Mental Hlth Ctr Sct Hans, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Schwarz, Adam J.] Eli Lilly & Co, Tailored Therapeut, Lilly Res Labs, Lilly Corp Ctr DC 1940, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Didriksen, Michael; Stensbol, Tine B.] H Lundbeck & Co AS, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark. [Hreidarsson, Stefan; Saemundsen, Evald] State Diagnost & Counselling Ctr, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. RP Stefansson, K (reprint author), deCODE Genet Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM A.Meyer-Lindenberg@zi-mannheim.de; kstefans@decode.is RI Sigurdsson, Engilbert/D-2486-2014; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas/H-1076-2011; Doyle, Orla/B-7839-2012 OI Sigurdsson, Engilbert/0000-0001-9404-7982; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas/0000-0001-5619-1123; FU Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking [115008]; European Union; EU [PsychDPC (GA 286213)] FX The authors are grateful to the participants and we thank the research nurses and staff at the Krokhals recruitment centre and roentgentechnicians at Rontgen Domus. We also thank the staff at deCODE genetics core facilities and all our colleagues for their important contribution to this work. The research leading to these results has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115008 of which resources are composed of EFPIA in-kind contribution and financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EU funded FP7-People-2011-IAPP grant PsychDPC (GA 286213). CR Arnone D, 2008, SCHIZOPHR RES, V101, P124, DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2008.01.005 Ashburner J, 2005, NEUROIMAGE, V26, P839, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018 Ashburner J, 2007, NEUROIMAGE, V38, P95, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 Benton A. 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Sweet, Burgunda V. Sohoni, Pamela TI Melatonin: An option for managing sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE MELATONIN; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INSOMNIA; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; SERUM C1 [Damiani, Justine M.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sweet, Burgunda V.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Pharm, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Sweet, Burgunda V.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Drug Informat & Medicat Use Policy, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Coll Pharm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sohoni, Pamela] St Joseph Mercy Hlth Syst, Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Outpatient Psychiat Serv, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Damiani, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 95 EP + PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 297LJ UT WOS:000330256600005 PM 24375600 ER PT J AU Stevenson, RA Siemann, JK Schneider, BC Eberly, HE Woynaroski, TG Camarata, SM Wallace, MT AF Stevenson, Ryan A. Siemann, Justin K. Schneider, Brittany C. Eberly, Haley E. Woynaroski, Tiffany G. Camarata, Stephen M. Wallace, Mark T. TI Multisensory Temporal Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE audiovisual; autism spectrum disorders; multisensory integration; sensory processing; speech perception; temporal processing ID CHILDREN; SPEECH; BINDING; PERCEPTION; DEFICIT; WINDOW; FACE AB The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include sensory disturbances in addition to the well-established language, communication, and social deficits. One sensory disturbance seen in ASD is an impaired ability to integrate multisensory information into a unified percept. This may arise from an underlying impairment in which individuals with ASD have difficulty perceiving the temporal relationship between cross-modal inputs, an important cue for multisensory integration. Such impairments in multisensory processingmaycascade into higher-level deficits, impairing day-to-day functioning on tasks, such as speech perception. To investigate multisensory temporal processing deficits in ASD and their links to speech processing, the current study mapped performance on a number of multisensory temporal tasks (with both simple and complex stimuli) onto the ability of individuals with ASD to perceptually bind audiovisual speech signals. High-functioning children with ASD were compared with a group of typically developing children. Performance on the multisensory temporal tasks varied with stimulus complexity for both groups; less precise temporal processing was observed with increasing stimulus complexity. Notably, individuals with ASD showed a speech-specific deficit in multisensory temporal processing. Most importantly, the strength of perceptual binding of audiovisual speech observed in individuals with ASD was strongly related to their low-level multisensory temporal processing abilities. Collectively, the results represent the first to illustrate links between multisensory temporal function and speech processing in ASD, strongly suggesting that deficits in low-level sensory processing may cascade into higher-order domains, such as language and communication. C1 [Stevenson, Ryan A.; Woynaroski, Tiffany G.; Wallace, Mark T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Hearing & Speech Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Stevenson, Ryan A.; Siemann, Justin K.; Wallace, Mark T.] Vanderbilt Brain Inst, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Stevenson, Ryan A.; Siemann, Justin K.; Camarata, Stephen M.; Wallace, Mark T.] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Stevenson, Ryan A.; Camarata, Stephen M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Siemann, Justin K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Grad Program Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Schneider, Brittany C.; Eberly, Haley E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Program Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Wallace, Mark T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Wallace, Mark T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Stevenson, RA (reprint author), 465 21st Ave South,7110 MRB III BioSci Bldg, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM ryan.andrew.stevenson@gmail.com FU National Institutes of Health [R34 DC010927, F32 DC011993, R21 CA183492]; Evaluation of Sensory Integration Treatment in ASD; Multisensory Integration and Temporal Processing in ASD; Simons Foundation Explorer Award; Vander-bilt Kennedy Center MARI/Hobbs Award; Vanderbilt Brain Institute FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R34 DC010927, Evaluation of Sensory Integration Treatment in ASD, National Institutes of Health Grant F32 DC011993, National Institutes of Health Grant R21 CA183492, Multisensory Integration and Temporal Processing in ASD, Simons Foundation Explorer Award, Vander-bilt Kennedy Center MARI/Hobbs Award, and the Vanderbilt Brain Institute. We thank Zachary Barnett for technical assistance and Lena Quinto for the speech stimuli. 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Neurosci. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3615-13.2014 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 292QH UT WOS:000329916600002 PM 24431427 ER PT J AU Bradstreet, JJ Pacini, S Ruggiero, M AF Bradstreet, James Jeffrey Pacini, Stefania Ruggiero, Marco TI A new methodology of viewing extra-axial fluid and cortical abnormalities in children with autism via transcranial ultrasonography SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transcranial ultrasound; autism spectrum disorders; extra-axial fluid; cortical dysplasia; cerebral spinal fluid ID LANGUAGE-ASSOCIATION CORTEX; SUBARACHNOID SPACE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INFANTS; INFLAMMATION; ENLARGEMENT; SONOGRAPHY; ASYMMETRY; BRAIN AB Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental conditions of uncertain etiology which have now affected more than 1% of the school-age population of children in many developed nations. Transcranial ultrasonography (TUS) via the temporal bone appeared to be a potential window of investigation to determine the presence of both cortical abnormalities and increased extra-axial fluid (EAF). Methods: TUS was accomplished using a linear probe (105 MHz). Parents volunteered ASD subjects (N = 23; males 18, females 5) for evaluations (mean = 7.46 years +/- 3.97 years), and 15 neurotypical siblings were also examined (mean = 7.15 years +/- 4.49 years). Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS2 (R)) scores were obtained and the ASD score mean was 48.08 + 6.79 (Severe). Results: Comparisons of the extra-axial spaces indicated increases in the ASD subjects. For EAF we scored based on the gyral summit distances between the arachnoid membrane and the cortical pia layer (subarachnoid space): (1) <0.05 cm, (2) 0.050.07 cm, (3) 0.080.10 cm, (4) >0.10 cm. All of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, whereas the ASD mean score was 3.41 +/- 0.67. We also defined cortical dysplasia as the following: hypoechoic lesions within the substance of the cortex, or disturbed layering within the gray matter. For cortical dysplasia we scored: (1) none observed, (2) rare hypoechogenic lesions and/or mildly atypical cortical layering patterns, (3) more common, but separated areas of cortical hypoechogenic lesions, (4) very common or confluent areas of cortical hypoechogenicity. Again all of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, while the ASD subjects mean score was 2.79 +/- 0.93. Conclusion: TUS may be a useful screening technique for children at potential risk of ASDs which, if confirmed with repeated studies and high resolution MRI, provides rapid, non-invasive qualification of EAF, and cortical lesions. C1 [Bradstreet, James Jeffrey] Newport Brain Res Lab, Newport Beach, CA USA. [Bradstreet, James Jeffrey] Brain Treatment Ctr, Newport Beach, CA USA. [Bradstreet, James Jeffrey] Brain Treatment Ctr, Buford, GA USA. [Pacini, Stefania] Univ Florence, Dept Expt & Clin Med, Florence, Italy. [Ruggiero, Marco] Univ Florence, Dept Expt & Clin Med Sci, Florence, Italy. [Ruggiero, Marco] Immuno Biotech Ltd, St Peters Port, Guernsey, England. RP Bradstreet, JJ (reprint author), Brain Treatment Ctr Atlanta, 4488 Commerce Dr, Buford, GA 30518 USA. EM drbradstreet@braintreatmentcenter.com FU Newport Brain Research Laboratory FX We wish to thank the families for their cooperation with our studies. In particular, we thank the Associazione Centostelle, Firenze, Italy for their facilitation of collaborations between the U.S. and Italy. We also thank the Newport Brain Research Laboratory for their generous grant for a SonoSite M-Turbo (R) machine. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 7 AR 934 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00934 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 293AY UT WOS:000329945000001 PM 24459462 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Storrs, J Tan, LR Mazlack, LJ Lee, JH Lu, LJ AF Chen, Ye Storrs, Judd Tan, Lirong Mazlack, Lawrence J. Lee, Jing-Huei Lu, Long J. TI Detecting brain structural changes as biomarker from magnetic resonance images using a local feature based SVM approach SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE Local features; Brain; Neurological diseases; Psychiatric diseases; MRI images; SVM; Biomarker ID DEFORMATION-BASED MORPHOMETRY; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CLASSIFICATION; MRI; TRANSFORM; DISORDER; CHILDREN; AUTISM; SCANS AB Detecting brain structural changes from magnetic resonance (MR) images can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Many existing methods require an accurate deformation registration, which is difficult to achieve and therefore prevents them from obtaining high accuracy. We develop a novel local feature based support vector machine (SVM) approach to detect brain structural changes as potential biomarkers. This approach does not require deformation registration and thus is less influenced by artifacts such as image distortion. We represent the anatomical structures based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). Likelihood scores calculated using feature-based morphometry is used as the criterion to categorize image features into three classes (healthy, patient and noise). Regional SVMs are trained to classify the three types of image features in different brain regions. Only healthy and patient features are used to predict the disease status of new brain images. An ensemble classifier is built from the regional SVMs to obtain better prediction accuracy. We apply this approach to 3D MR images of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and bipolar disorder. The classification accuracy ranges between 70% and 87%. The highly predictive disease-related regions, which represent significant anatomical differences between the healthy and diseased, are shown in heat maps. The common and disease-specific brain regions are identified by comparing the highly predictive regions in each disease. All of the top-ranked regions are supported by literature. Thus, this approach will be a promising tool for assisting automatic diagnosis and advancing mechanism studies of neurological and psychiatric diseases. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Ye; Tan, Lirong; Lu, Long J.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Biomed Informat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Storrs, Judd; Lee, Jing-Huei] Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Imaging Res, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Chen, Ye; Mazlack, Lawrence J.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Tan, Lirong; Lu, Long J.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Comp Sci & Informat, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Lee, Jing-Huei] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Lee, Jing-Huei] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Lu, Long J.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Lu, LJ (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Biomed Informat, MLC 7024,3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM long.lu@cchmc.org FU CCHMC CCTST Methodology grant [NIH/NCRR 8UL1TR000077-04] FX YC and LJL conceived the idea and designed the experiments. YC designed and implemented the proposed algorithm. JS and JHL provided imaging data for bipolar disorder. JS performed the image registration for bipolar disorder. LT performed the image registration for PPMI brain images and analyzed the disease related brain regions for the three diseases. LJM offered critical suggestions on the classification algorithms. All the authors have reviewed and contributed to the text writing. We would also like to thank Dr. Scott K. Holland for critiquing the manuscript. This work is supported by CCHMC CCTST Methodology grant awarded to LJL as part of an Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award (NIH/NCRR 8UL1TR000077-04). 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Neurosci. Methods PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 221 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.09.001 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 282AZ UT WOS:000329143800004 PM 24041480 ER PT J AU Vanderwert, RE Nelson, CA AF Vanderwert, Ross E. Nelson, Charles A. TI The use of near-infrared spectroscopy in the study of typical and atypical development SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Review ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; HEMODYNAMIC-RESPONSE; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; JOINT ATTENTION; HUMAN INFANTS; BRAIN; ACTIVATION; LANGUAGE; RECOGNITION AB The use of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has grown exponentially over the past decade, particularly among investigators interested in early brain development. The use of this neuroimaging technique has begun to shed light on the development of a variety of sensory, perceptual, linguistic, and social-cognitive functions. Rather than cast a wide net, in this paper we first discuss typical development, focusing on joint attention, face processing, language, and sensorimotor development. We then turn our attention to infants and children whose development has been compromised or who are at risk for atypical development. We conclude our review by critiquing some of the methodological issues that have plagued the extant literature as well as offer suggestions for future research. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanderwert, Ross E.; Nelson, Charles A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nelson, CA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM Charles.nelson@childrens.harvard.edu FU NIH [DC010290, MH078829]; Simons Foundation FX The writing of this paper was made possible by support to the second author by the NIH (DC010290 and MH078829) and the Simons Foundation. 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Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 278DQ UT WOS:000328869700021 PM 24128733 ER PT J AU Shim, SH Shim, JS Min, K Lee, HS Park, JE Park, SH Hwang, E Kim, M AF Shim, Sung Han Shim, Jae Sun Min, Kyunghoon Lee, Hee Song Park, Ji Eun Park, Sang Hee Hwang, Euna Kim, MinYoung TI Siblings with opposite chromosome constitutions, dup(2q)/del(7q) and del(2q)/dup(7q) SO GENE LA English DT Article DE 2q37.2; 7q36; Chromosomal abnormality; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; REARRANGEMENTS; SPECTRUM; DELETION; GENETICS; PHENOTYPES; MONOSOMY; 2Q37.3; 7Q36.3 AB Chromosome 7q36 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genomic disorder characterized by underdevelopment of the brain, microcephaly, anomalies of the sex organs, and language problems. Developmental delay, intellectual disability, autistic spectrum disorders, BDMR syndrome, and unusual facial morphology are the key features of the chromosome 2q37 microdeletion syndrome. A genetic screening for two brothers with global developmental delay using high-resolution chromosomal analysis and subtelomeric multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification revealed subtelomeric rearrangements on the same sites of 2q37.2 and 7q35, with reversed deletion and duplication. Both of them showed dysmorphic facial features, severe disability of physical and intellectual development, and abnormal genitalia with differential abnormalities in their phenotypes. The family did not have abnormal genetic phenotypes. According to the genetic analysis of their parents, adjacent-1 segregation from their mother's was suggested as a mechanism of their gene mutation. By comparing the phenotypes of our patients with previous reports on similar patients, we tried to obtain the information of related genes and their chromosomal locations. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shim, Sung Han] CHA Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, Songnam 463712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Shim, Sung Han; Park, Ji Eun; Park, Sang Hee] CHA Univ, CHA Gangnam Med Ctr, Fertil Ctr, Genet Lab, Songnam 463712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Shim, Jae Sun; Min, Kyunghoon; Lee, Hee Song; Kim, MinYoung] CHA Univ, CHA Bundang Med Ctr, Dept Rehabil Med, Songnam 463712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Hwang, Euna] CHA Univ, CHA Bundang Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Songnam 463712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Kim, M (reprint author), CHA Univ, CHA Bundang Med Ctr, Dept Rehabil Med, 59 Yatap Ro, Songnam 463712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM kmin@cha.ac.kr FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education Science and Technology [2012-0132] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education Science and Technology (2012-0132). 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TI Genes showing altered expression in the medial preoptic area in the highly social maternal phenotype are related to autism and other disorders with social deficits SO BMC NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Bipolar disorder; Depression; Schizophrenia; CNS development; Postpartum females; Medial preoptic area; Modular Single-Set Enrichment Test (MSET) ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAT-BRAIN; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION; EMOTION RECOGNITION; OXYTOCIN RECEPTORS; STRIA TERMINALIS; BIPOLAR DISORDER AB Background: The mother-child relationship is the most fundamental social bond in mammals, and previous studies indicate that the medial preoptic area (MPOA) contributes to this increase in sociability. It is possible that the same genes that lead to elevated sociability in one condition (the maternal state) might also be dysregulated in some disorders with social deficits (e. g. autism). In this study, we examined whether there was enrichment (greater than chance overlap) for social deficit disorder related genes in MPOA microarray results between virgin and postpartum female mice. We utilized microarrays to assess large scale gene expression changes in the MPOA of virgin and postpartum mice. The Modular Single Set Enrichment Test (MSET) was used to determine if mental health disorder related genes were enriched in significant microarray results. Additional resources, such as ToppCluster, NIH DAVID, and weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to analyze enrichment for specific gene clusters or indirect relationships between significant genes of interest. Finally, a subset of microarray results was validated using quantitative PCR. Results: Significant postpartum MPOA microarray results were enriched for multiple disorders that include social deficits, including autism, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Together, 98 autism-related genes were identified from the significant microarray results. Further, ToppCluser and NIH DAVID identified a large number of postpartum genes related to ion channel activity and CNS development, and also suggested a role for microRNAs in regulating maternal gene expression. WGCNA identified a module of genes associated with the postpartum phenotype, and identified indirect links between transcription factors and other genes of interest. Conclusion: The transition to the maternal state involves great CNS plasticity and increased sociability. We identified multiple novel genes that overlap between the postpartum MPOA (high sociability) and mental health disorders with low sociability. Thus, the activity or interactions of the same genes may be altering social behaviors in different directions in different conditions. Maternity also involves elevated risks for disorders, including depression, psychosis, and BPD, so identification of maternal genes common to these disorders may provide insights into the elevated vulnerability of the maternal brain. C1 [Driessen, Terri M.; Eisinger, Brian E.; Zhao, Changjiu; Stevenson, Sharon A.; Saul, Michael C.; Gammie, Stephen C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gammie, Stephen C.] Univ Wisconsin, Neurosci Training Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Driessen, TM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tdriessen@wisc.edu RI Zhao, Changjiu/M-8263-2014 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0921706]; National Institutes of Health [RO1 MH 085642] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant IOS-0921706 to SCG, and the National Institutes of Health Grant RO1 MH 085642 to SCG. The authors wish to thank Anna Whitlinger for technical assistance, Wayne Davis and the University of Wisconsin-Madison Gene Expression Center for microarray technical assistance, and Kate Skogan and Jeff Alexander for animal care. 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PD JAN 14 PY 2014 VL 15 AR 11 DI 10.1186/1471-2202-15-11 PG 16 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF7GJ UT WOS:000334882000001 PM 24423034 ER PT J AU Edmonson, C Ziats, MN Rennert, OM AF Edmonson, Catherine Ziats, Mark N. Rennert, Owen M. TI Altered glial marker expression in autistic post-mortem prefrontal cortex and cerebellum SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Astrocyte; Autistic disorder; Gene expression; Glia; Interneuron; Microglia; Neuron ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; RETT-SYNDROME; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; MOUSE MODEL; ASTROCYTES AB Background: The cellular mechanism(s) underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are not completely understood, but ASDs are thought to ultimately result from disrupted synaptogenesis. However, studies have also shown that glial cell numbers and function are abnormal in post-mortem brain tissue from autistic patients. Direct assessment of glial cells in post-mortem human brain tissue is technically challenging, limiting glial research in human ASD studies. Therefore, we attempted to determine if glial cell-type specific markers may be altered in autistic brain tissue in a manner that is consistent with known cellular findings, such that they could serve as a proxy for glial cell numbers and/or activation patterns. Methods: We assessed the relative expression of five glial-specific markers and two neuron-specific markers via qRT-PCR. We studied tissue samples from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum of nine post-mortem autistic brain samples and nine neurologically-normal controls. Relative fold-change in gene expression was determined using the Delta Delta C-t method normalized to housekeeping gene beta-actin, with a two-tailed Student's t-test P<0.05 between groups considered as significant. Results: Both astrocyte- and microglial-specific markers were significantly more highly expressed in autistic PFC as compared to matched controls, while in the cerebellum only astrocyte markers were elevated in autistic samples. In contrast, neuron-specific markers showed significantly lower expression in both the PFC and cerebellum of autistic patients as compared to controls. Conclusions: These results are in line with previous findings showing increased glial cell numbers and up-regulation of glial cell gene expression in autistic post-mortem brain tissue, particularly in the PFC, as well as decreased number of neurons in both the PFC and cerebellum of autistic patients. The concordance of these results with cell-level studies in post-mortem autistic brain tissue suggests that expression of glial cell-type specific markers may serve as a useful alternative to traditional cellular characterization methods, especially when appropriately-preserved post-mortem tissue is lacking. Additionally, these results demonstrate abnormal glial-specific gene expression in autistic brains, supporting previous studies that have observed altered glial cell numbers or activation patterns in ASDs. Future work should directly assess the correlation between cell-type specific marker levels and cell number and activation patterns. C1 [Edmonson, Catherine; Ziats, Mark N.; Rennert, Owen M.] NICHHD, NIH, Lab Clin & Dev Gen, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Edmonson, Catherine] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA. [Ziats, Mark N.] Univ Cambridge, Robinson Coll, Cambridge CB3 9AN, England. [Ziats, Mark N.] Baylor Coll Med MSTP, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ziats, MN (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Lab Clin & Dev Gen, 49 Convent Dr,Bldg 49,Room 2C078, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ziatsm@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Baylor College of Medicine MSTP; NIH-University of Cambridge Biomedical Scholars Program; University of Florida College of Medicine FX The Intramural Research Program at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development supported this work. MNZ was also supported by Baylor College of Medicine MSTP and the NIH-University of Cambridge Biomedical Scholars Program. CE was additionally supported by the University of Florida College of Medicine. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Autism PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-3 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF8KF UT WOS:000334963900001 PM 24410870 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JC Tavassoli, T Armstrong, K Baron-Cohen, S Humphrey, A AF Sullivan, Jillian C. Tavassoli, Teresa Armstrong, Kimberly Baron-Cohen, Simon Humphrey, Ayla TI Reliability of self, parental, and researcher measurements of head circumference SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Adults; Brain size; Children; Head circumference; Reliability; Self-measurements; Parental measurements ID BRAIN GROWTH; AUTISM; ACCURACY; CHILDREN; SIZE AB Background: The measurement of head circumference (HC) is widely used in clinical and research settings as a proxy of neural growth. Although it could aid data collection, no studies have explored either the reliability of adult self-measurements or parental measurements of young children. This study therefore aimed to examine whether adult self and parental measurement of HC constitute reliable data. Findings: A total of 57 adults (32 male) were asked to measure their HC twice following written instructions (adult self-measurement). These measures were compared to those of a researcher independently measuring the same participant's HC twice. Additionally, mothers of 25 children (17 male) were also asked to measure their child's HC (parental measure), and again this was compared to researcher measurements of the child's HC. The intraclass correlation coefficient between adult self- and researcher measurement was 0.84 and between parent and researcher measurement was 0.99. The technical error of measurement was also acceptable, within the range of a skilled anthropometrist. Conclusions: The high degree of agreement between researcher and adult self- measurement/parental measurement of HC demonstrates that these different assessors produce similarly reliable and reproducible data. This suggests adult self- and parental measurements can reliably be used for data collection to enable valid large-scale developmental and clinical studies of HC. C1 [Sullivan, Jillian C.; Tavassoli, Teresa; Armstrong, Kimberly; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Humphrey, Ayla] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Sullivan, Jillian C.] Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AL, England. RP Sullivan, JC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. EM jillian.sullivan@cantab.net FU Gates Cambridge Trust; MRC; Wellcome Trust; Autism Research Trust FX This work was submitted in part fulfilment of the degree of PhD by the first author, who was supported by the Gates Cambridge Trust. SBC was supported by the MRC, the Wellcome Trust, and the Autism Research Trust during the period of this work. This study was conducted in association with the NIHR CLAHRC for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. The authors thank all the participants who took part. No financial conflicts of interest or bias are reported. 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Autism PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 2 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-2 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF4UE UT WOS:000334708900001 PM 24410855 ER PT J AU Xu, F Li, L Schulz, VP Gallagher, PG Xiang, BX Zhao, HY Li, PN AF Xu, Fang Li, Lun Schulz, Vincent P. Gallagher, Patrick G. Xiang, Bixia Zhao, Hongyu Li, Peining TI Cytogenomic mapping and bioinformatic mining reveal interacting brain expressed genes for intellectual disability SO MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Intellectual disability; Critical regions; Brain expressed genes; Cross-region gene interrelation; Functional network ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; ARRAY-CGH; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; CLINICAL-APPLICATION; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST AB Background: Microarray analysis has been used as the first-tier genetic testing to detect chromosomal imbalances and copy number variants (CNVs) for pediatric patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD). To further investigate the candidate genes and underlying dosage-sensitive mechanisms related to ID, cytogenomic mapping of critical regions and bioinformatic mining of candidate brain-expressed genes (BEGs) and their functional interactions were performed. Critical regions of chromosomal imbalances and pathogenic CNVs were mapped by subtracting known benign CNVs from the Databases of Genomic Variants (DGV) and extracting smallest overlap regions with cases from DatabasE of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER). BEGs from these critical regions were revealed by functional annotation using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and by tissue expression pattern from Uniprot. Cross-region interrelations and functional networks of the BEGs were analyzed using Gene Relationships Across Implicated Loci (GRAIL) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results: Of the 1,354 patients analyzed by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), pathogenic abnormalities were detected in 176 patients including genomic disorders in 66 patients (37.5%), subtelomeric rearrangements in 45 patients (25.6%), interstitial imbalances in 33 patients (18.8%), chromosomal structural rearrangements in 17 patients (9.7%) and aneuploidies in 15 patients (8.5%). Subtractive and extractive mapping defined 82 disjointed critical regions from the detected abnormalities. A total of 461 BEGs was generated from 73 disjointed critical regions. Enrichment of central nervous system specific genes in these regions was noted. The number of BEGs increased with the size of the regions. A list of 108 candidate BEGs with significant cross region interrelation was identified by GRAIL and five significant gene networks involving cell cycle, cell-to-cell signaling, cellular assembly, cell morphology, and gene expression regulations were denoted by IPA. Conclusions: These results characterized ID related cross-region interrelations and multiple networks of candidate BEGs from the detected genomic imbalances. Further experimental study of these BEGs and their interactions will lead to a better understanding of dosage-sensitive mechanisms and modifying effects of human mental development. C1 [Xu, Fang; Gallagher, Patrick G.; Xiang, Bixia; Zhao, Hongyu; Li, Peining] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Li, Lun; Zhao, Hongyu] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Schulz, Vincent P.; Gallagher, Patrick G.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Li, Lun] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Hubei Bioinformat & Mol Imaging Key Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Li, PN (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM peining.li@yale.edu FU China Scholarship Council FX We would like to thank Dr. Maurice Mahoney for reviewing the ethical issues of this project, Kangmo Lu and Krista Sfiridis for their technical support, and Audrey Meusel for editing and proofreading this manuscript. Additionally, a fellowship award from the China Scholarship Council to Lun Li supported part of this work. 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Cytogenet. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 7 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1755-8166-7-4 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AB1LP UT WOS:000331553500001 PM 24410907 ER PT J AU Ronchi, VP Klein, JM Edwards, DJ Haas, AL AF Ronchi, Virginia P. Klein, Jennifer M. Edwards, Daniel J. Haas, Arthur L. TI The Active Form of E6-associated protein (E6AP)/UBE3A Ubiquitin Ligase Is an Oligomer SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; E6 ONCOPROTEIN; HECT DOMAIN; CERVICAL-CANCER; CHAIN FORMATION; BINDING DOMAIN; GENE UBE3A; E3 LIGASE AB Employing I-125-polyubiquitin chain formation as a functional readout of ligase activity, biochemical and biophysical evidence demonstrates that catalytically active E6-associated protein (E6AP)/UBE3A is an oligomer. Based on an extant structure previously discounted as an artifact of crystal packing forces, we propose that the fully active form of E6AP is a trimer, analysis of which reveals a buried surface of 7508 angstrom(2) and radially symmetric interacting residues that are conserved within the Hect (homologous to E6AP C terminus) ligase superfamily. An absolutely conserved interaction between Phe(727) and a hydrophobic pocket present on the adjacent subunit is critical for trimer stabilization because mutation disrupts the oligomer and decreases k(cat) 62-fold but fails to affect E2 similar to ubiquitin binding or subsequent formation of the Hect domain Cys(820) similar to ubiquitin thioester catalytic intermediate. Exogenous N-acetylphenylalanylamide reversibly antagonizes Phe(727)-dependent trimer formation and catalytic activity (K-i = 12 mM), as does a conserved alpha-helical peptide corresponding to residues 474-490 of E6AP isoform 1 (K-i = 22 mu M) reported to bind the hydrophobic pocket of other Hect ligases, presumably blocking Phe(727) intercalation and trimer formation. Conversely, oncogenic human papillomavirus-16/18 E6 protein significantly enhances E6AP catalytic activity by promoting trimer formation (K-activation = 1.5 nM) through the ability of E6 to form homodimers. Recombinant E6 protein additionally rescues the k(cat) defect of the Phe(727) mutation and that of a specific loss-of-function Angelman syndrome mutation that promotes trimer destabilization. The present findings codify otherwise disparate observations regarding the mechanism of E6AP and related Hect ligases in addition to suggesting therapeutic approaches for modulating ligase activity. C1 [Ronchi, Virginia P.; Klein, Jennifer M.; Edwards, Daniel J.; Haas, Arthur L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Haas, Arthur L.] Louisiana State Univ, Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Haas, AL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Hlth Sci Ctr, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM ahaas@lsuhsc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM034009] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant GM034009 (to A. L. H.). 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TI Exome sequencing of extended families with autism reveals genes shared across neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Identical by descent (IBD); Single nucleotide variant (SNV); Whole exome sequencing ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; COPY NUMBER VARIANTS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; SYNAPSIN-I; SCHIZOPHRENIA; EPILEPSY; PROTEIN; ASSOCIATION; PATHWAYS AB Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a range of neurodevelopmental conditions of varying severity, characterized by marked qualitative difficulties in social relatedness, communication, and behavior. Despite overwhelming evidence of high heritability, results from genetic studies to date show that ASD etiology is extremely heterogeneous and only a fraction of autism genes have been discovered. Methods: To help unravel this genetic complexity, we performed whole exome sequencing on 100 ASD individuals from 40 families with multiple distantly related affected individuals. All families contained a minimum of one pair of ASD cousins. Each individual was captured with the Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon kit, sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq 2000, and the resulting data processed and annotated with Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA), Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK), and SeattleSeq. Genotyping information on each family was utilized in order to determine genomic regions that were identical by descent (IBD). Variants identified by exome sequencing which occurred in IBD regions and present in all affected individuals within each family were then evaluated to determine which may potentially be disease related. Nucleotide alterations that were novel and rare (minor allele frequency, MAF, less than 0.05) and predicted to be detrimental, either by altering amino acids or splicing patterns, were prioritized. Results: We identified numerous potentially damaging, ASD associated risk variants in genes previously unrelated to autism. A subset of these genes has been implicated in other neurobehavioral disorders including depression (SLIT3), epilepsy (CLCN2, PRICKLE1), intellectual disability (AP4M1), schizophrenia (WDR60), and Tourette syndrome (OFCC1). Additional alterations were found in previously reported autism candidate genes, including three genes with alterations in multiple families (CEP290, CSMD1, FAT1, and STXBP5). Compiling a list of ASD candidate genes from the literature, we determined that variants occurred in ASD candidate genes 1.65 times more frequently than in random genes captured by exome sequencing (P = 8.55 x 10(-5)). Conclusions: By studying these unique pedigrees, we have identified novel DNA variations related to ASD, demonstrated that exome sequencing in extended families is a powerful tool for ASD candidate gene discovery, and provided further evidence of an underlying genetic component to a wide range of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases. C1 [Cukier, Holly N.; Dueker, Nicole D.; Slifer, Susan H.; Lee, Joycelyn M.; Whitehead, Patrice L.; Lalanne, Eminisha; Leyva, Natalia; Konidari, Ioanna; Gentry, Ryan C.; Hulme, William F.; Van Booven, Derek; Mayo, Vera; Hofmann, Natalia K.; Schmidt, Michael A.; Martin, Eden R.; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Gilbert, John R.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, John P Hussman Inst Human Gen, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Schmidt, Michael A.; Martin, Eden R.; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Gilbert, John R.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dr John T Macdonald Fdn, Dept Human Genet, Miami, FL 33136 USA. 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Autism PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 1 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-1 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 291OH UT WOS:000329837500001 PM 24410847 ER PT J AU Ndika, JDT Lusink, V Beaubrun, C Kanhai, W Martinez-Munoz, C Jakobs, C Salomons, GS AF Ndika, Joseph D. T. Lusink, Vera Beaubrun, Claudine Kanhai, Warsha Martinez-Munoz, Cristina Jakobs, Cornelis Salomons, Gajja S. TI Cloning and characterization of the promoter regions from the parent and paralogobs creatine transporter genes SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Creatine transport; Transcriptional regulation; Promoter; Pseudogene ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; HUMAN GENOME; DEFICIENCY; 16P11.2; SLC6A8; XQ28; IDENTIFICATION; ASSIGNMENT; AUTISM; LEVEL AB Interconversion between phosphocreatine and creatine, catalyzed by creatine kinase is crucial in the supply of ATP to tissues with high energy demand. Creatine's importance has been established by its use as an ergogenic aid in sport, as well as the development of intellectual disability in patients with congenital creatine deficiency. Creatine biosynthesis is complemented by dietary creatine uptake. Intracellular transport of creatine is carried out by a creatine transporter protein (CT1/CRT/CRTR) encoded by the SLC6A8 gene. Most tissues express this gene, with highest levels detected in skeletal muscle and kidney. There are lower levels of the gene detected in colon, brain, heart, testis and prostate. The mechanism(s) by which this regulation occurs is still poorly understood. A duplicated unprocessed pseudogene of SLC6A8-SLC6A10P has been mapped to chromosome 16p11.2 (contains the entire SLC6A8 gene, plus 2293 bp of 5'flanking sequence and its entire 3'UTR). Expression of SLC6A10P has so far only been shown in human testis and brain. It is still unclear as to what is the function of SLC6A10P. In a patient with autism, a chromosomal breakpoint that intersects the 5'flanking region of SLC6A10P was identified; suggesting that SLC6A10P is a non-coding RNA involved in autism. Our aim was to investigate the presence of cis-acting factor(s) that regulate expression of the creatine transporter, as well as to determine if these factors are functionally conserved upstream of the creatine transporter pseudogene. Via gene-specific PCR, cloning and functional luciferase assays we identified a 1104 bp sequence proximal to the mRNA start site of the SLC6A8 gene with promoter activity in five cell types. The corresponding 5'flanking sequence (1050 bp) on the pseudogene also had promoter activity in all 5 cell lines. Surprisingly the pseudogene promoter was stronger than that of its parent gene in 4 of the cell lines tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of a pseudogene with stronger promoter activity than its parental gene. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ndika, Joseph D. T.; Lusink, Vera; Beaubrun, Claudine; Kanhai, Warsha; Martinez-Munoz, Cristina; Jakobs, Cornelis; Salomons, Gajja S.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Chem, Metab Unit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ndika, Joseph D. T.; Salomons, Gajja S.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Salomons, Gajja S.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Salomons, GS (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Chem, Metab Unit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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This study aims to test the possible association between impaired levels of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin, and interferon-gamma-induced protein-16 (IFI16) and the severity of social and cognitive dysfunctions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods: GABA, serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin, and IFI16 as biochemical parameters related to neurochemistry and inflammation were determined in the plasma of 52 Saudi autistic male patients, categorized as mild-moderate and severe as indicated by their Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) or social responsiveness scale (SRS), and compared to 30 age-and gender-matched control samples. Results: The data indicated that Saudi patients with autism have remarkably impaired plasma levels of the measured parameters compared to age and gender-matched controls. While serotonin in platelet-free plasma and dopamine did not correlated with the severity in social and cognitive dysfunction, GABA, oxytocin, and IFI16 were remarkably associated with the severity of both tested scores (SRS and CARS). Conclusions: The relationship between the selected parameters confirms the role of impaired neurochemistry and neuro-inflammation in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders and the possibility of using GABA, oxytocin, and IFI16 as markers of autism severity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis together with predictiveness diagrams proved that the measured parameters could be used as predictive biomarkers of clinical symptoms and provide significant guidance for future therapeutic strategy to re-establish physiological homeostasis. C1 [Alabdali, Altaf; El-Ansary, Afaf] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. [Al-Ayadhi, Laila; El-Ansary, Afaf] King Saud Univ, Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Al-Ayadhi, Laila; El-Ansary, Afaf] King Saud Univ, Shaik AL Amodi Autism Res Chair, Riyadh 99, Saudi Arabia. [Al-Ayadhi, Laila] King Saud Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Riyadh 29, Saudi Arabia. [El-Ansary, Afaf] Natl Res Ctr, Med Chem Dept, Dokki 12622, Guiza, Egypt. RP El-Ansary, A (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, POB 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. EM elansary@ksu.edu.sa FU research center of the center for female scientific and medical colleges in King Saud University; King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) FX This research project was supported by a grant from the research center of the center for female scientific and medical colleges in King Saud University. The authors extend their appreciation to King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) for co-funding this study. 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Neuroinflamm. PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 11 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1742-2094-11-4 PG 14 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AD4HN UT WOS:000333209500002 PM 24400970 ER PT J AU He, Q Nomura, T Xu, J Contractor, A AF He, Qionger Nomura, Toshihiro Xu, Jian Contractor, Anis TI The Developmental Switch in GABA Polarity Is Delayed in Fragile X Mice SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOUSE MODEL; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; BARREL CORTEX; AUTISM; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; CIRCUIT; DYSFUNCTION; INHIBITION; PLASTICITY AB Delays in synaptic and neuronal development in the cortex are key hallmarks of fragile X syndrome, a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that causes intellectual disability and sensory deficits and is the most common known cause of autism. Previous studies have demonstrated that the normal progression of plasticity and synaptic refinement during the critical period is altered in the cortex of fragile X mice. Although the disruptions in excitatory synapses are well documented in fragile X, there is less known about inhibitory neurotransmission during the critical period. GABAergic transmission plays a crucial trophic role in cortical development through its early depolarizing action. At the end of cortical critical period, response properties of GABA transform into their mature hyperpolarizing type due to developmental changes in intracellular chloride homeostasis. We found that the timing of the switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA is delayed in the cortex of fragile X mice and there is a concurrent alteration in the expression of the neuronal chloride cotransporter NKCC1 that promotes the accumulation of intracellular chloride. Disruption of the trophic effects of GABA during cortical development could contribute to the altered trajectory of synaptic maturation in fragile X syndrome. C1 [He, Qionger; Nomura, Toshihiro; Xu, Jian; Contractor, Anis] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Nomura, Toshihiro] Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan. [Nomura, Toshihiro] Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan. [Contractor, Anis] Northwestern Univ, Weinberg Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Neurobiol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Contractor, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM a-contractor@northwestern.edu FU Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI Explorer Award); FRAXA; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program for Accelerating Brain Circulation; Nakayama Foundation FX This work was supported by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI Explorer Award to A.C.), FRAXA (postdoctoral fellowship to Q.H.), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program for Accelerating Brain Circulation (to T.N.), and the Nakayama Foundation (fellowship to T.N.). 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A fundamental debate centers on the question of whether the functional and neural mechanisms processing these two types of cues are dissociable. Here, using fMRI, psychophysics, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), all within the same human participants, we show that mechanisms underlying body form and body motion processing are functionally and neurally distinct. Multivoxel fMRI activity patterns in the extrastriate body area (EBA), but not in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), carried cue invariant information about the body form of an acting human. Conversely, multivoxel patterns in pSTS, but not in EBA, carried information about the body motion of the same actor. In a psychophysical experiment, we selectively impaired body form and body motion discriminations by manipulating different visual cues: misaligning the ellipses that made up a dynamic walker stimulus selectively disrupted body form discriminations, while varying the presentation duration of the walker selectively affected body motion discriminations. Finally, a TMS experiment revealed causal evidence for a double-dissociation between neural mechanisms underlying body form and body motion discriminations: TMS over EBA selectively disrupted body form discrimination, whereas TMS over pSTS selectively disrupted body motion discrimination. Together, these findings reveal complementing but dissociable functions of EBA and pSTS during action perception. They provide constraints for theoretical and computational models of action perception by showing that action perception involves at least two parallel pathways that separately contribute to the understanding of others' behavior. 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Neurosci. PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 574 EP 585 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4032-13.2014 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 290XH UT WOS:000329791300023 PM 24403156 ER PT J AU Felix-Ortiz, AC Tye, KM AF Felix-Ortiz, Ada C. Tye, Kay M. TI Amygdala Inputs to the Ventral Hippocampus Bidirectionally Modulate Social Behavior SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amygdala; ChR2; hippocampus; NpHR; optogenetics; social ID BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; ANXIETY; LESIONS; RATS; OXYTOCIN; PROJECTIONS; RECEPTORS; DEFICITS; GABA(A) AB Impairments in social interaction represent a core symptom of a number of psychiatric disease states, including autism, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Although the amygdala has long been linked to social interaction, little is known about the functional role of connections between the amygdala and downstream regions in noncompetitive social behavior. In the present study, we used optogenetic and pharmacological tools in mice to study the role of projections from the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) to the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) in two social interaction tests: the resident-juvenile-intruder home-cage test and the three chamber sociability test. BLA pyramidal neurons were transduced using adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV5) carrying either channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) or halorhodopsin (NpHR), under the control of the CaMKII alpha promoter to allow for optical excitation or inhibition of amygdala axon terminals. Optical fibers were chronically implanted to selectively manipulate BLA terminals in the vHPC. NpHR-mediated inhibition of BLA-vHPC projections significantly increased social interaction in the resident-juvenile intruder home-cage test as shown by increased intruder exploration. In contrast, ChR2-mediated activation of BLA-vHPC projections significantly reduced social behaviors as shown in the resident-juvenile intruder procedure as seen by decreased time exploring the intruder and in the three chamber sociability test by decreased time spent in the social zone. These results indicate that BLA inputs to the vHPC are capable of modulating social behaviors in a bidirectional manner. C1 [Felix-Ortiz, Ada C.; Tye, Kay M.] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tye, KM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Bldg Room 46-6263, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kaytye@mit.edu FU Whitehall Foundation, Klingenstein Foundation, Picower Institute Innovation Funds, Whitehead Career Development Professorship; New Innovator Award [1DP2DK102256-01] FX This work was supported by the Whitehall Foundation, Klingenstein Foundation, Picower Institute Innovation Funds, Whitehead Career Development Professorship, and the New Innovator Award (1DP2DK102256-01). We thank Anthony Burgos-Robles, Neha D. Bhagat, and Romy Wichmann for technical advice; Gillian A. Matthews, a Simons Center for the Social Brain postdoctoral fellow, for useful comments which have greatly improved the manuscript; and the entire Tye laboratory for helpful discussion. 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Of particular concern is that these mental state expressions provide a crucial source of communication in everyday life but little is known about the accuracy with which natural dynamic facial expressions of mental states are identified and, in particular, the variability in mental state perception that is produced. Here we report the findings of two studies that investigated the accuracy and variability with which dynamic facial expressions of mental states were identified by participants. Both studies used stimuli carefully constructed using procedures adopted in previous research, and free-report (Study 1) and forced-choice (Study 2) measures of response accuracy and variability. The findings of both studies showed levels of response accuracy that were accompanied by substantial variation in the labels assigned by observers to each mental state. 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The DLGAP2 gene encoding the SAP90/PSD-95-associated protein 2 (SAPAP2) located at the post-synaptic density of neuronal cells is involved in the neuronal synaptic function. This study aimed to investigate whether the DLGAP2 gene is associated with schizophrenia. We resequenced the putative promoter region and all the exons of the DLGAP2 gene in 523 patients with schizophrenia and 596 non-psychotic controls from Taiwan and conducted a case-control association analysis. We identified 19 known SNPs in this sample. Association analysis of 9 SNPs with minor allele frequency greater than 5% showed no association with schizophrenia. However, we found a haplotype (CCACCAACT) significantly associated with schizophrenia (odds ratio: 2.5, p<0.001). We also detected 16 missense mutations and 1 amino acid-insertion mutation in this sample. Bioinformatic analysis showed some of these mutations were damaging or pathological to the protein function, but we did not find increased burden of these mutations in the patient group. Notably, we identified 5 private rare variants in 5 unrelated patients, respectively, including c.269+9C>T, c.269+13C>T, c.269+47C>T, c.269+55C>T at intron 1 and c.-232A>G at untranslated exon 2 of the DLGAP2 gene. These rare variants were not detected in 559 control subjects. Further reporter gene assay of these rare variants except c.-269+13C>T showed significantly elevated promoter activity than the wild type, suggesting increased DLGAP2 gene expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our results indicate that DLGAP2 is a susceptible gene of schizophrenia. C1 [Li, Jun-Ming; Luu, Sy-Ueng] Taoyuan Armed Forces Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. [Lu, Chao-Lin] Hualien Armed Forces Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Hualien, Taiwan. [Cheng, Min-Chih; Hsu, Shih-Hsin; Hu, Tsung-Ming; Tsai, Hsin-Yao] Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Yuli Branch, Yuli Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Hualien, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang] Chang Gung Mem Hosp Linkou, Dept Psychiat, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang] Chang Gung Univ, Sch Med, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. RP Cheng, MC (reprint author), Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Yuli Branch, Yuli Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Hualien, Taiwan. EM cmc@vhyl.gov.tw; cchen3801@gmail.com FU Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital; Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital in Taiwan FX Funding for this study was provided by the Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, and the Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital in Taiwan. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Slattery, John Wynne, Rebecca Tippett, Marie Pavliv, Oleksandra Melnyk, Stepan James, S. Jill TI Oxidative Stress Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Subset of Autism Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines in a Well-Matched Case Control Cohort SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPARE RESPIRATORY CAPACITY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; COULOMETRIC ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; COMPLEX-I; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; METHYL MERCURY; CYTOCHROME-C; CHILDREN; GLUTATHIONE AB There is increasing recognition that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the autism spectrum disorders. However, little attention has been given to the etiology of mitochondrial dysfunction or how mitochondrial abnormalities might interact with other physiological disturbances associated with autism, such as oxidative stress. In the current study we used respirometry to examine reserve capacity, a measure of the mitochondrial ability to respond to physiological stress, in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from children with autistic disorder (AD) as well as age and gender-matched control LCLs. We demonstrate, for the first time, that LCLs derived from children with AD have an abnormal mitochondrial reserve capacity before and after exposure to increasingly higher concentrations of 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-napthoquinone (DMNQ), an agent that increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Specifically, the AD LCLs exhibit a higher reserve capacity at baseline and a sharper depletion of reserve capacity when ROS exposure is increased, as compared to control LCLs. Detailed investigation indicated that reserve capacity abnormalities seen in AD LCLs were the result of higher ATP-linked respiration and maximal respiratory capacity at baseline combined with a marked increase in proton leak respiration as ROS was increased. We further demonstrate that these reserve capacity abnormalities are driven by a subgroup of eight (32%) of 25 AD LCLs. Additional investigation of this subgroup of AD LCLs with reserve capacity abnormalities revealed that it demonstrated a greater reliance on glycolysis and on uncoupling protein 2 to regulate oxidative stress at the inner mitochondria membrane. This study suggests that a significant subgroup of AD children may have alterations in mitochondrial function which could render them more vulnerable to a pro-oxidant microenvironment derived from intrinsic and extrinsic sources of ROS such as immune activation and pro-oxidant environmental toxicants. These findings are consistent with the notion that AD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. C1 [Rose, Shannon; Frye, Richard E.; Slattery, John; Wynne, Rebecca; Tippett, Marie; Pavliv, Oleksandra; Melnyk, Stepan; James, S. Jill] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Frye, RE (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Pediat, 800 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM REFrye@uams.edu FU National Institute for Child Health and Development; Arkansas Biosciences Institute; Jane Botsford Johnson Foundation FX This research was funded by the National Institute for Child Health and Development (SJJ), the Arkansas Biosciences Institute (REF, SJJ), and the Jane Botsford Johnson Foundation (REF). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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In the search for underlying mechanisms driving this increased risk, this study focused on social attention, affective arousal and empathy. Seventeen adults with XXY and 20 non-clinical controls participated in this study. Eyetracking was used to investigate social attention, as expressed in visual scanning patterns in response to the viewing of empathy evoking video clips. Skin conductance levels, reflecting affective arousal, were recorded continuously during the clips as well. Empathic skills, i.e. participants' understanding of own and others' emotions in response to the clips was also assessed. Results showed reduced empathic understanding, decreased visual fixation to the eye region, but increased affective arousal in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome. We conclude that individuals with XXY tend to avoid the eye region. Considering the increased affective arousal, we speculate that this attentional deployment strategy may not be sufficient to successfully downregulate affective hyper-responsivity. As increased affective arousal was related to reduced empathic ability, we hypothesize that own affective responses to social cues play an important role in difficulties in understanding the feelings and intentions of others. This knowledge may help in the identification of risk factors for psychopathology and targets for treatment. C1 [van Rijn, Sophie; Barendse, Marjolein; van Goozen, Stephanie; Swaab, Hanna] Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands. [van Rijn, Sophie; Swaab, Hanna] Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, Leiden, Netherlands. [van Goozen, Stephanie] Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP van Rijn, S (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands. EM srijn@fsw.leidenuniv.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [016.095.060] FX This work was supported by a Veni grant (grant number 016.095.060 to SVR) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (www.NWO.nl). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 311 IS 2 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 284SA UT WOS:000329339400007 ER PT J AU Gong, ZL Luo, CM Wang, L Shen, L Wei, F Tong, RJ Liu, Y AF Gong, Zi-Li Luo, Chun-Mei Wang, Li Shen, Lin Wei, Fei Tong, Rong-Jong Liu, Yong TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; Chinese; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; severity ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; RAT; BRAIN; PREVALENCE; EXPRESSION; DISEASE AB In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] relative to healthy controls. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum 25(OH) D levels in Chinese children with ASD. From January 2012 to December 2012, consecutive patients with ASD admitted to the Department of Neurology were identified. Clinical information was collected. Serum levels of 25(OH) D were measured at baseline. ASD severity was assessed at admission using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale total score. The results indicated that the mean serum 25(OH) D levels were significantly lower in autistic children as compared with normal cases (P=0.002). There was a significant negative relationship between circulating serum 25(OH) D levels and the severity of autism evaluated according to Childhood Autism Rating Scale Scores (P=0.000), after adjustment for the possible covariates such as age, sex, BMI, serum levels of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium, and seasons. After adjusting for all other possible covariates, 25(OH) D levels that remained can be seen as an independent predictor of ASD with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.37). These results indicate that lower 25(OH) D levels may be independently associated with severity of ASD among Chinese patients, and lower serum 25(OH) D levels could be considered as an independent risk factor for ASD. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Gong, Zi-Li; Wang, Li; Shen, Lin; Wei, Fei; Liu, Yong] Third Mil Med Univ, Xin Qiao Hosp, Dept Neurol, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Luo, Chun-Mei] Third Mil Med Univ, Xin Qiao Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Tong, Rong-Jong] Beijing Children Hosp, Dept Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Third Mil Med Univ, Xin Qiao Hosp, Dept Neurol, Chongqing, Peoples R China. 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Usually this abnormality results in deletion of genetic material, which explains the clinical features of the syndrome. Moreover, similar phenotypic features have been observed in cases with complete or partial loss of the telomeric repeats and conservation of the euchromatic regions. We studied two different cases of ring 17 syndrome, firstly, to clarify, by analyzing gene expression analysis using real-time qPCR, the role of the telomere absence in relationship with the clinical symptoms, and secondly, to look for a new model of the mechanism of ring chromosome transmission in a rare case of familial mosaicism, through cytomolecular and quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridization (Q-FISH) investigations. Results: The results for the first case showed that the expression levels of genes selected, which were located close to the p and q ends of chromosome 17, were significantly downregulated in comparison with controls. 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[Berardinelli, Francesco; Sgura, Antonella] Univ Roma Tre, Dept Biol, Rome, Italy. [Masotti, Andrea; Da Sacco, Letizia] Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, IRCCS, Gene Express Microarrays Lab, I-00165 Rome, Italy. [Digilio, Maria Cristina] Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, IRCCS, Med Genet Unit, I-00165 Rome, Italy. [Cusmai, Raffaella] Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, IRCCS, Neurol Unit, I-00165 Rome, Italy. [El Hachem, May] Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, IRCCS, Dermatol Unit, I-00165 Rome, Italy. RP Surace, C (reprint author), Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, IRCCS, Cytogenet & Mol Genet Unit, Piazza S Onofrio 4, I-00165 Rome, Italy. 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Roos, J. Louw Gogos, Joseph A. Karayiorgou, Maria TI Scan statistic-based analysis of exome sequencing data identifies FAN1 at 15q13.3 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and autism SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; FANCONI-ANEMIA; KIDNEY FAILURE; REPAIR; ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS; MUTATIONS; NUCLEASE; VARIANT; KIAA1018/FAN1 AB We used a family-based cluster detection approach designed to localize significant rare disease-risk variants clusters within a region of interest to systematically search for schizophrenia (SCZ) susceptibility genes within 49 genomic loci previously implicated by de novo copy number variants. Using two independent whole-exome sequencing family datasets and a follow-up autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case/control whole-exome sequencing dataset, we identified variants in one gene, Fanconi-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), as being associated with both SCZ and ASD. FAN1 is located in a region on chromosome 15q13.3 implicated by a recurrent copy number variant, which predisposes to an array of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. In both SCZ and ASD datasets, rare nonsynonymous risk variants cluster significantly in affected individuals within a 20-kb window that spans several key functional domains of the gene. Our finding suggests that FAN1 is a key driver in the 15q13.3 locus for the associated psychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. FAN1 encodes a DNA repair enzyme, thus implicating abnormalities in DNA repair in the susceptibility to SCZ or ASD. C1 [Ionita-Laza, Iuliana; Makarov, Vlad] Columbia Univ, Dept Biostat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Xu, Bin; Karayiorgou, Maria] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Gogos, Joseph A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Gogos, Joseph A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Physiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. 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TI Ohnologs are overrepresented in pathogenic copy number mutations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE microdeletion; microduplication; neurodevelopmental; evolution ID WHOLE-GENOME DUPLICATION; CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; GENE DOSAGE BALANCE; MICRODELETION SYNDROME; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; RECURRENT MICRODELETIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; INCREASE RISK; SCHIZOPHRENIA; VERTEBRATE AB A number of rare copy number variants (CNVs), including both deletions and duplications, have been associated with developmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Pathogenicity may derive from dosage sensitivity of one or more genes contained within the CNV locus. To understand pathophysiology, the specific disease-causing gene(s) within each CNV need to be identified. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that ohnologs (genes retained after ancestral whole-genome duplication events, which are frequently dosage sensitive) are overrepresented in pathogenic CNVs. We selected three sets of genes implicated in copy number pathogenicity: (i) genes mapping within rare disease-associated CNVs, (ii) genes within de novo CNVs under negative genetic selection, and (iii) genes identified by clinical array comparative genome hybridization studies as potentially pathogenic. We compared the proportion of ohnologs between these gene sets and control genes, mapping to CNVs not known to be disease associated. We found that ohnologs are significantly overrepresented in genes mapping to pathogenic CNVs, irrespective of how CNVs were identified, with over 90% containing an ohnolog, compared with control CNVs >100 kb, where only about 30% contained an ohnolog. In some CNVs, such as del15p11.2 (CYFIP1) and dup/del16p13.11 (NDE1), the most plausible prior candidate gene was also an ohnolog, as were the genes VIPR2 and NRXN1, each found in short CNVs containing no other genes. Our results support the hypothesis that ohnologs represent critical dosage-sensitive elements of the genome, possibly responsible for some of the deleterious phenotypes observed for pathogenic CNVs and as such are readily identifiable candidate genes for further study. C1 [McLysaght, Aoife; Mitchell, Kevin J.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Smurfit Inst Genet, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Makino, Takashi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Grayton, Hannah M.; Tropeano, Maria; Vassos, Evangelos; Collier, David A.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. [Collier, David A.] Eli Lilly & Co Ltd, Discovery Neurosci Res, Windlesham GU20 6PH, Surrey, England. RP McLysaght, A (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Smurfit Inst Genet, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM aoife.mclysaght@tcd.ie; evangelos.vassos@kcl.ac.uk RI Tropeano, Maria/E-7611-2011 OI Tropeano, Maria/0000-0002-5156-7539 FU European Commission [HEALTH-2007-2.2.1-10-223423]; Science Foundation Ireland; European Research Council (ERC); ERC under the European Union [309834]; Guy's and St. Thomas' Charity Grant [R080529] FX D.A.C. is funded by European Commission Seventh Framework Project PsychCNVs (www.psych-cnv.eu) Grant Agreement HEALTH-2007-2.2.1-10-223423. A.M. is funded by the Science Foundation Ireland and the European Research Council (ERC). The research leading to these results has received funding from the ERC under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement 309834. E.V. is funded by Guy's and St. Thomas' Charity Grant R080529. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 1 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1073/pnas.1309324111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 284VY UT WOS:000329350700090 PM 24368850 ER PT J AU Sudhakaran, IP Hillebrand, J Dervan, A Das, S Holohan, EE Hulsmeier, J Sarov, M Parker, R VijayRaghavan, K Ramaswami, M AF Sudhakaran, Indulekha P. Hillebrand, Jens Dervan, Adrian Das, Sudeshna Holohan, Eimear E. Huelsmeier, Joern Sarov, Mihail Parker, Roy VijayRaghavan, K. Ramaswami, Mani TI FMRP and Ataxin-2 function together in long-term olfactory habituation and neuronal translational control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE synapse plasticity; olfactory memory; neural circuits; neurological disease ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; DENDRITIC MESSENGER-RNA; P-BODIES; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; STRESS GRANULES; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NMDA RECEPTORS; DROSOPHILA AB Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and Ataxin-2 (Atx2) are triplet expansion disease-and stress granule-associated proteins implicated in neuronal translational control and microRNA function. We show that Drosophila FMRP (dFMR1) is required for long-term olfactory habituation (LTH), a phenomenon dependent on Atx2-dependent potentiation of inhibitory transmission from local interneurons (LNs) to projection neurons (PNs) in the antennal lobe. dFMR1 is also required for LTH-associated depression of odor-evoked calcium transients in PNs. Strong transdominant genetic interactions among dFMR1, atx2, the deadbox helicase me31B, and argonaute1 (ago1) mutants, as well as coimmunoprecitation of dFMR1 with Atx2, indicate that dFMR1 and Atx2 function together in a microRNA-dependent process necessary for LTH. Consistently, PN or LN knockdown of dFMR1, Atx2, Me31B, or the miRNA-pathway protein GW182 increases expression of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) translational reporter. Moreover, brain immunoprecipitates of dFMR1 and Atx2 proteins include CaMKII mRNA, indicating respective physical interactions with this mRNA. Because CaMKII is necessary for LTH, these data indicate that fragile X mental retardation protein and Atx2 act via at least one common target RNA for memory-associated long-term synaptic plasticity. The observed requirement in LNs and PNs supports an emerging view that both presynaptic and postsynaptic translation are necessary for long-term synaptic plasticity. However, whereas Atx2 is necessary for the integrity of dendritic and somatic Me31B-containing particles, dFmr1 is not. Together, these data indicate that dFmr1 and Atx2 function in long-term but not short-term memory, regulating translation of at least some common presynaptic and postsynaptic target mRNAs in the same cells. C1 [Sudhakaran, Indulekha P.; Das, Sudeshna; VijayRaghavan, K.; Ramaswami, Mani] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Hillebrand, Jens; Dervan, Adrian; Holohan, Eimear E.; Huelsmeier, Joern; Ramaswami, Mani] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Smurfit Inst Genet, Sch Genet & Microbiol, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Hillebrand, Jens; Dervan, Adrian; Holohan, Eimear E.; Huelsmeier, Joern; Ramaswami, Mani] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Smurfit Inst Genet, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Hillebrand, Jens; Dervan, Adrian; Holohan, Eimear E.; Huelsmeier, Joern; Ramaswami, Mani] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Coll, Inst Neurosci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Sarov, Mihail] Max Planck Inst Mol Cell Biol & Genet, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. [Parker, Roy] Univ Colorado, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Parker, Roy] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ramaswami, M (reprint author), Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. EM mani.ramaswami@tcd.ie FU Science Foundation Ireland; Government of India Department of Biotechnology; National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India; Government of India Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) FX We thank Madhumala Sadanandappa, John Lee, and Isabell Twick for advice and help throughout the course of these experiments, and L. Pallanck, D. Zarnescu, A. Nakamura, J. Dubnau, G. Jefferis, T. Tully, V. Jayaraman, L. Looger, and Bassem Hassan (Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Flanders, Belgium), and also Bloomington and Vienna Stock Centers, for fly stocks and reagents. This work was funded by grants from Science Foundation Ireland (to M. R.), the Government of India Department of Biotechnology (to K. V.), and Core funds from the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India. I. P. S. was supported by a Government of India Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) postgraduate fellowship. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 1 BP E99 EP E108 DI 10.1073/pnas.1309543111 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 284VY UT WOS:000329350700015 PM 24344294 ER PT J AU Takeuchi, H Taki, Y Sassa, Y Hashizume, H Sekiguchi, A Fukushima, A Kawashima, R AF Takeuchi, Hikaru Taki, Yasuyuki Sassa, Yuko Hashizume, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Atsushi Fukushima, Ai Kawashima, Ryuta TI Regional Gray Matter Volume Is Associated with Empathizing and Systemizing in Young Adults SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BRAIN STRUCTURE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; GENERAL INTELLIGENCE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Empathizing is defined as the drive to identify the mental states of others for predicting their behavior and responding with an appropriate emotion. Systemizing is defined as the drive to analyze a system in terms of the rules that govern the system in order to predict its behavior. Using voxel-based morphometry and questionnaires in a large sample of normal, right-handed young adults, we investigated the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) correlates of empathizing and systemizing and additionally those of the D score, which is the difference between systemizing and empathizing, to reveal the comprehensive picture of those correlates. Negative rGMV correlates of empathizing and positive rGMV correlates of the D score (formed by the negative correlation between rGMV and empathizing), were found primarily in nodes in the default mode network, mirror neuron system, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and the lateral part of the prefrontal cortex together with other areas. Positive rGMV correlates of systemizing and of the D score (formed by the positive correlation between rGMV and systemizing) were found primarily in nodes in the external attention system, middle cingulate cortex, and other regions. Negative rGMV correlates of systemizing were found in an area close to the left posterior insula and putamen. These findings reconcile some previously inconsistent findings, provide other new findings and suggest that these areas contribute to empathizing-systemizing. Furthermore, the negative/positive rGMV correlates of empathizing and positive/negative rGMV correlates of systemizing overlapped substantially. This may be in line with the notion that empathizing and systemizing compete neurally in the brain. C1 [Takeuchi, Hikaru; Kawashima, Ryuta] Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Smart Ageing Int Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Taki, Yasuyuki; Sassa, Yuko; Hashizume, Hiroshi; Kawashima, Ryuta] Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Div Dev Cognit Neurosci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Sekiguchi, Atsushi; Fukushima, Ai; Kawashima, Ryuta] Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Dept Funct Brain Imaging, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Takeuchi, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Smart Ageing Int Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. EM takehi@idac.tohoku.ac.jp FU JST/RISTEX, JST/CREST FX This study was supported by JST/RISTEX, JST/CREST (no particular numbers exist). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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With genetic, molecular, imaging and electrophysiological studies being supported by behavioural studies using animal models, there is real hope that we may soon understand the fundamental pathology of autism. There is also genuine potential to develop a molecular-level pharmacological treatment that may be able to deal with the most severe symptoms of autism, and clinical trials are already underway. The Shank family of proteins has been strongly implicated as a contributing factor in autism in certain individuals and sits at the core of the alleged autistic pathway. Here, we analyse studies that relate Shank to autism and discuss what light this sheds on the possible causes of autism. C1 [Yoo, Juyoun; Kaang, Bong-Kiun] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Bakes, Joseph; Bradley, Clarrisa; Collingridge, Graham L.; Kaang, Bong-Kiun] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. 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TI A preliminary longitudinal volumetric MRI study of amygdala and hippocampal volumes in autism SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Amygdala; Autism; Hippocampus ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE; CORTICAL THICKNESS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ENLARGEMENT; MATURATION; BOYS AB Background: Previous studies suggest that amygdala volume, when compared with healthy controls, is increased in young children with autism, is unchanged in cohorts of older youth, and is smaller in adults. Hippocampal volume, however, does not appear to have age-related changes, and it is unclear whether individuals with autism have volumetric differences in this structure. The goal of this pilot investigation is to characterize the developmental trajectories of the amygdala and hippocampus in children with autism between the ages of 8 and 14 years and to examine clinical correlates of volume change. Methods: Twenty-three children with autism and 23 controls between the ages of 8 and 12 underwent a magnetic resonance imaging procedure of the brain (T1-weighted) at two time points. Nine children with autism and 14 controls had good quality scans from both time points; however, all usable scans from all subjects (15 children with autism and 22 controls) were included in a mixed effect analysis. Regression models were used to estimate group differences in amygdala and hippocampal volumes. Changes in amygdala and hippocampal volumes (Time 2 - Time 1) were correlated with clinical severity measures. Results: Amygdala volume changes with time were similar between the two groups. Within the autism group, right amygdala volume change was correlated with the ability to establish appropriate eye contact. Right hippocampal volume was significantly increased in the autism group when compared with controls. Differences in right hippocampal volume change with time between the two groups approached significance. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of normalization of amygdala volumes in late childhood and adolescence. It also suggests that hippocampal volumetric differences may exist in autism in late childhood and adolescence. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnea-Goraly, Naama; Piacenza, Lucia; Reiss, Allan L.] Ctr Interdisciplinary Brain Sci Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Frazier, Thomas W.] Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism, Cleveland, OH USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Reiss, Allan L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Barnea-Goraly, N (reprint author), Ctr Interdisciplinary Brain Sci Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA USA. 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Psychiatry PD JAN 3 PY 2014 VL 48 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.010 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 267CM UT WOS:000328074200018 PM 24075822 ER PT J AU Lavoie, J Maziade, M Hebert, M AF Lavoie, Joelle Maziade, Michel Hebert, Marc TI The brain through the retina: The flash electroretinogram as a tool to investigate psychiatric disorders SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE Biomarker; Electroretinogram; Psychiatric disorders; Retina ID COCAINE-DEPENDENT PATIENTS; BLUE CONE ELECTRORETINOGRAM; SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; BIPOLAR DISORDER; RABBIT ELECTRORETINOGRAM; OSCILLATORY POTENTIALS; WITHDRAWN PATIENTS; OPTIC-NERVE; DOPAMINE; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Investigating the living brain remains one of the major obstacles in psychiatry research in order to better understand the biological underpinning of brain disorders. Novel approaches are needed to study brain functions indirectly. Since it is part of the central nervous system, retinal functions as measured with the flash electroretinogram (ERG) may reflect the central dysfunctions reported in psychiatric disorders. This review describes the flash ERG anomalies reported in patients with psychiatric disorders such as seasonal affective disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and drug addiction and discusses how changes in retinal functions might be used as biomarkers for psychiatric disorder as well as a potential aid to diagnosis in psychiatry. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lavoie, Joelle; Maziade, Michel; Hebert, Marc] Inst Univ Sante Mentale Quebec, Ctr Rech, Quebec City, PQ G1J 2G3, Canada. [Lavoie, Joelle; Hebert, Marc] Univ Laval, Fac Med, Dept Ophthalmol Otorhinolaryngol & Cervicofacial, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Lavoie, Joelle; Maziade, Michel] Univ Laval, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Hebert, M (reprint author), Inst Univ Sante Mentale Quebec, Ctr Rech, 2601 Chemin Canardiere,F-4500, Quebec City, PQ G1J 2G3, Canada. EM marc.hebert@crulrg.ulaval.ca FU Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Sante (FRQ-S); Canadian Federation of University Women (CFUW); Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-82707] FX J.L. is a recipient of fellowships from the Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Sante (FRQ-S) and the Canadian Federation of University Women (CFUW). M. M. holds the Canada Research Chair in the Genetics of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-82707) through M.H. 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Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD JAN 3 PY 2014 VL 48 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.020 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 267CM UT WOS:000328074200019 PM 24121062 ER PT J AU Murphy, D AF Murphy, David TI Self-reported anger among individuals with an autism spectrum disorder detained in high security psychiatric care: do preoccupations have an influence? SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autistic spectrum disorders; anger; STAXI 2; preoccupations ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EMOTION REGULATION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; ADULTS; BEHAVIOR; SAMPLE AB The State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI 2) is a widely used measure of the experience and expression of anger within forensic populations. Despite anger expression difficulties being common among individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), little is known as to how those who offend perform in the STAXI 2. In exploring the application of the STAXI 2 to individuals with an ASD, two groups detained in high security psychiatric care were compared. Results suggest that whilst those with offending unconnected to a preoccupation have more complex psychiatric presentations, MANOVAs revealed no differences in demographic and cognitive characteristics. Within the Autism Spectrum Quotient, those with offending linked to a preoccupation score higher in the attending to details scale and in the STAXI 2 reported significantly lower levels of anger expression out'. It is proposed that an examination of anger is useful for all individuals with an ASD who offend. C1 Broadmoor Hosp, Crowthorne, Berks, England. RP Murphy, D (reprint author), Broadmoor Hosp, Crowthorne, Berks, England. 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PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 100 EP 112 DI 10.1080/14789949.2013.862291 PG 13 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA 303QZ UT WOS:000330690600006 ER PT J AU Terzi, A Marinis, T Kotsopoulou, A Francis, K AF Terzi, Arhonto Marinis, Theodoros Kotsopoulou, Angeliki Francis, Konstantinos TI Grammatical Abilities of Greek-Speaking Children with Autism SO LANGUAGE ACQUISITION LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS; PRINCIPLE B; ACQUISITION; PRONOUNS; COMPREHENSION; SLI; REFLEXIVE; SPECTRUM; CLITICS; DEFICIT AB This study investigates pronoun reference and verbs with nonactive morphology in high-functioning Greek-speaking children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It is motivated by problems with reflexive pronouns demonstrated by English-speaking children with ASD and the fact that reflexivity is also expressed via nonactive (reflexive) verbs in Greek. Twenty 5- to 8-year-old children with ASD and 20 vocabulary-matched typically developing controls of the same age range completed a sentence-picture matching, an elicitation, and a judgment task. Children with ASD did not differ from controls in interpreting reflexive and strong pronouns but were less accurate in the comprehension of clitics and omitted clitics in their production. The findings render clitics a vulnerable domain for autism in Greek, and potentially for other languages with clitics, and suggest that this could be a consequence of difficulties in the syntax-pragmatics or the syntax-phonology interface. The two groups did not differ in the comprehension of nonactive morphology but were less accurate in passive than reflexive verbs. We argue that this is likely to stem from the linguistic representation associated with each type of verb, rather than their input frequency. 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Acquisition PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 4 EP 44 DI 10.1080/10489223.2013.855216 PG 41 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 295GB UT WOS:000330103500002 ER PT J AU He, ZX O'Roak, BJ Smith, JD Wang, G Hooker, S Santos-Cortez, RLP Li, B Kan, MY Krumm, N Nickerson, DA Shendure, J Eichler, EE Leal, SM AF He, Zongxiao O'Roak, Brian J. Smith, Joshua D. Wang, Gao Hooker, Stanley Santos-Cortez, Regie Lyn P. Li, Biao Kan, Mengyuan Krumm, Nik Nickerson, Deborah A. Shendure, Jay Eichler, Evan E. Leal, Suzanne M. TI Rare-Variant Extensions of the Transmission Disequilibrium Test: Application to Autism Exome Sequence Data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-GENOME ASSOCIATION; HAPLOTYPE RELATIVE RISK; FAMILY-BASED DESIGNS; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MISSING-DATA; UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Many population-based rare-variant (RV) association tests, which aggregate variants across a region, have been developed to analyze sequence data. A drawback of analyzing population-based data is that it is difficult to adequately control for population substructure and admixture, and spurious associations can occur. For RVs, this problem can be substantial, because the spectrum of rare variation can differ greatly between populations. A solution is to analyze parent-child trio data, by using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), which is robust to population substructure and admixture. We extended the TDT to test for RV associations using four commonly used methods. We demonstrate that for all RV-TDT methods, using proper analysis strategies, type I error is well-controlled even when there are high levels of population substructure or admixture. For trio data, unlike for population-based data, RV allele-counting association methods will lead to inflated type I errors. However type I errors can be properly controlled by obtaining p values empirically through haplotype permutation. The power of the RV-TDT methods was evaluated and compared to the analysis of case-control data with a number of genetic and disease models. The RV-TDT was also used to analyze exome data from 199 Simons Simplex Collection autism trios and an association was observed with variants in ABCA7. Given the problem of adequately controlling for population substructure and admixture in RV association studies and the growing number of sequence-based trio studies, the RV-TDT is extremely beneficial to elucidate the involvement of RVs in the etiology of complex traits. C1 [He, Zongxiao; Wang, Gao; Hooker, Stanley; Santos-Cortez, Regie Lyn P.; Li, Biao; Kan, Mengyuan; Leal, Suzanne M.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Ctr Stat Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [O'Roak, Brian J.; Smith, Joshua D.; Krumm, Nik; Nickerson, Deborah A.; Shendure, Jay; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Leal, SM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Ctr Stat Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sleal@bcm.edu FU Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative [SFARI 137578, 191889]; National Institutes of Health [HD065285, HL102926, MD005964, HG006493] FX We are grateful to all of the families at the participating Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) sites, as well as the principal investigators (A. Beaudet, R. Bernier, J. Constantino, E. Cook, E. Fombonne, D. Geschwind, E. Hanson, D. Grice, A. Klin, R. Kochel, D. Ledbetter, C. Lord, C. Martin, D. Martin, R. Maxim, J. Miles, O. Ousley, K. Pelphrey, B. Peterson, J. Piggot, C. Saulnier, M. State, W. Stone, J. Sutcliffe, C. Walsh, Z. Warren, and E. Wijsman). We appreciate obtaining access to phenotypic data on SEAM Base. This work was supported by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI 137578 and 191889 to E.E.E. and J.S.). E.E.E. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This study was also funded by the National Institutes of Health grants HD065285, HL102926, MD005964, and HG006493. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 94 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.021 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 292FU UT WOS:000329888400004 PM 24360806 ER PT J AU McDonald, J Lopes, E AF McDonald, Jasmine Lopes, Elaine TI How parents home educate their children with an autism spectrum disorder with the support of the Schools of Isolated and Distance Education SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; home education; parent experience; isolated and distance education ID MAINSTREAM SECONDARY-SCHOOLS; INCLUSIVE EDUCATION; STRESS; PUPILS; VIEWS; ASD AB Students with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often cannot access reliable mainstream inclusive practice that maximises their progress over time. In response to this, some parents have chosen to home educate their children. Limited research indicates that while parents find the experience beneficial for their child, there is a need for considerably more educational, social, financial support and respite. In relation to gaining appropriate support, a small number of families have managed to combine the home education of their children with an ASD with access to the services of the Schools of Isolated and Distance Education (SIDE). Little is known about this experience in the research literature. To address this deficit, the first part of this paper traces the establishment of a distance education provider in the State of Western Australia (WA). It outlines subsequent developments and describes the variety of students now catered for by SIDE inclusive of students at educational risk. The second part of the paper reports on the findings of a recent constructivist grounded theory study conducted in a metropolitan WA context that examined how parents from two families dealt with the home education of their children with an ASD with the support of SIDE. C1 [McDonald, Jasmine; Lopes, Elaine] Univ Western Australia, Grad Sch Educ, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP McDonald, J (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Grad Sch Educ, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. 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Bobzien, Jonna Richels, Corrin Hester, Peggy Anthony, Nicole TI Using dyad-specific social stories to increase communicative and social skills of preschoolers with hearing loss in self-contained and inclusive settings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE communication; social skills; inclusion; hearing loss; auditory-verbal approach ID COCHLEAR IMPLANTS; CHILDREN; AUTISM; DISABILITIES; IMPROVE AB Children with profound hearing loss often do not have the same prelinguistic opportunities for social and communication interaction as peers with typical hearing and benefit from structured opportunities to learn these skills. This study examined the effect of two interventions to improve the communicative and social skills of four preschoolers with hearing loss in two learning environments: a preschool for children who are deaf (oral approach) and an inclusive regular preschool. 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Educ. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 18 IS 1 BP 18 EP 35 DI 10.1080/13603116.2012.756543 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 289NH UT WOS:000329688700002 ER PT J AU Aaltola, E AF Aaltola, Elisa TI Affective empathy as core moral agency: psychopathy, autism and reason revisited SO PHILOSOPHICAL EXPLORATIONS LA English DT Article DE empathy; affective empathy; moral agency; sentimentalism; moral psychology ID EMOTIONAL EMPATHY; NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE; CRIMINAL PSYCHOPATHS; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; JUDGMENT; OTHERS; PERSONALITY AB Empathy has become a common point of debate in moral psychology. Recent developments in psychiatry, neurosciences and social psychology have led to the revival of sentimentalism, and the empathy thesis' has suggested that affective empathy, in particular, is a necessary criterion of moral agency. 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PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 76 EP 92 DI 10.1080/13869795.2013.825004 PG 17 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 293HP UT WOS:000329962300006 ER PT J AU Leonard, HC Elsabbagh, M Hill, EL AF Leonard, Hayley C. Elsabbagh, Mayada Hill, Elisabeth L. CA BASIS Team TI Early and persistent motor difficulties in infants at-risk of developing autism spectrum disorder: A prospective study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Motor development; Autism spectrum disorders; Infancy ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; SIBLINGS; IMPAIRMENT; RECURRENCE; PHENOTYPE; SKILLS AB Analyses were conducted in order to investigate motor development in younger siblings of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Infants at familial risk and low risk of developing ASD were tested longitudinally between the ages of 7 and 36 months. Data were analysed from motor scales on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales at each age point. Significantly lower motor scores in at-risk infants were evident from the age of 7 months compared to the low-risk group. Infants who were later diagnosed with ASD demonstrated significantly poorer Fine Motor skills at 36 months than at-risk infants without any developmental difficulties. In addition, Gross Motor scores were highly correlated across the two measures for low-risk infants and infants who later developed ASD. Early motor difficulties may be an early indicator of a number of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD. C1 [Leonard, Hayley C.; Hill, Elisabeth L.] Univ London, Dept Psychol, Goldsmiths Coll, London SE14 6NW, England. [Elsabbagh, Mayada] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Elsabbagh, Mayada] Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London SE14 6NW, England. 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Schneider, Wolfgang TI Cognitive and emotional empathy in typically developing children: The influence of age, gender, and intelligence SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Empathy; Emotion recognition; Perspective taking; Gender; IQ; Age ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ANIMATED SHAPES; MENTAL STATES; RECOGNITION; AUTISM; BRAIN; EXPRESSIVENESS; ATTRIBUTION AB In the current study, the influence of age, gender and IQ on cognitive and emotional empathy in school-aged children and adolescents was examined adopting two behavioural paradigms: participants were shown film clips with different scenes of social interaction to which they were asked to respond. Thus, 134 children aged seven to 17 years (mean age=138.4 months, sd=31.66 months) were tested for emotion recognition, perspective taking and emotional empathy. Age strongly influenced components of cognitive empathy and explained 33.5% to 39.1% of the variance. Gender and IQ also were significant predictors, yet only explained 3% to 5%, respectively 8% to 9% of the variance. In contrast, neither age, gender nor IQ were related to emotional empathy. Results suggest developmental maturation of cognitive, but not emotional empathy throughout childhood and adolescence. To explain variability in emotional empathy, additional biological and psychosocial factors need to be studied. C1 [Schwenck, Christina; Freitag, Christine M.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. [Goehle, Bettina; Hauf, Juliane; Schneider, Wolfgang] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Psychol, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Warnke, Andreas] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Schwenck, C (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, Deutschordenstr 50,Haus 92, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. 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PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1080/17405629.2013.808994 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 287ML UT WOS:000329545800007 ER PT J AU Reniers, RLEP Vollm, BA Elliott, R Corcoran, R AF Reniers, Renate L. E. P. Voellm, Birgit A. Elliott, Rebecca Corcoran, Rhiannon TI Empathy, ToM, and self-other differentiation: An fMRI study of internal states SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Empathy; Theory of Mind; Self-other differentiation; fMRI ID TEMPORO-PARIETAL JUNCTION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL COGNITION; NEGATIVITY BIAS; NONVERBAL TASK AB This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural substrates of empathy, Theory of Mind (ToM), and self-other differentiation involved in the adaptive understanding of people's internal states. Three conditions were distinguished in both sad and neutral (no obvious emotion) contexts. The empathy condition involved imagining what another person is feeling while the more cognitively loaded ToM condition involved imagining what would make another person feel better. The self-reference condition required participants to imagine how they would feel in someone else's situation. Areas previously implicated in empathy, ToM, and self-other differentiation were identified within the different conditions, regardless of emotional context. Specifically, the frontal and temporal poles responded more strongly for ToM than for empathy. The self-reference condition was associated with stronger dorsolateral prefrontal response than the empathy condition, while the reverse comparison revealed a stronger role for right frontal pole. Activations in frontal pole and orbitofrontal cortex were shared between the three conditions. 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Neurosci. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1080/17470919.2013.861360 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 279AB UT WOS:000328929900005 PM 24294841 ER PT J AU Buisine, S Courgeon, M Charles, A Clavel, C Martin, JC Tan, N Grynszpan, O AF Buisine, Stephanie Courgeon, Matthieu Charles, Aurelien Clavel, Celine Martin, Jean-Claude Tan, Ning Grynszpan, Ouriel TI The Role of Body Postures in the Recognition of Emotions in Contextually Rich Scenarios SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID FACIAL EXPRESSION; DANCE MOVEMENT; FACE; AUTISM; PERCEPTION; CHARACTER; CHILDREN; ADULTS; USERS; VOICE AB In this article the role of different categories of postures in the detection, recognition, and interpretation of emotion in contextually rich scenarios, including ironic items, is investigated. Animated scenarios are designed with 3D virtual agents in order to test 3 conditions: In the still condition, the narrative content was accompanied by emotional facial expressions without any body movements; in the idle condition, emotionally neutral body movements were introduced; and in the congruent condition, emotional body postures congruent with the character's facial expressions were displayed. Those conditions were examined by 27 subjects, and their impact on the viewers' attentional and emotional processes was assessed. The results highlight the importance of the contextual information to emotion recognition and irony interpretation. It is also shown that both idle and emotional postures improve the detection of emotional expressions. Moreover, emotional postures increase the perceived intensity of emotions and the realism of the animations. C1 [Buisine, Stephanie; Charles, Aurelien] Arts & Metiers ParisTech, F-75013 Paris, France. [Courgeon, Matthieu; Charles, Aurelien; Clavel, Celine; Martin, Jean-Claude; Tan, Ning] CNRS, LIMSI, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Courgeon, Matthieu; Charles, Aurelien; Clavel, Celine; Martin, Jean-Claude; Tan, Ning] Paris South Univ, Orsay, France. [Grynszpan, Ouriel] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France. RP Buisine, S (reprint author), Arts & Metiers ParisTech, LCPI, 151 Bd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France. EM stephanie.buisine@ensam.eu FU La Fondation de France; La Fondation Adrienne et Pierre Sommer [2007 005874] FX This study was partly supported by a grant from La Fondation de France and La Fondation Adrienne et Pierre Sommer, as part of a project on Virtual Environments for Socio-Cognitive Training in Autism (EVESCA project, Engt no2007 005874, coordinated by Ouriel Grynszpan). 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PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1080/10447318.2013.802200 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 259FQ UT WOS:000327513200006 ER PT J AU Preslar, J Kushner, HI Marino, L Pearce, B AF Preslar, Jessica Kushner, Howard I. Marino, Lori Pearce, Bradley TI Autism, lateralisation, and handedness: A review of the literature and meta-analysis SO LATERALITY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Lateralisation; Handedness ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; HEMISPHERIC-SPECIALIZATION; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL BRAIN; YOUNG-ADULTS AB A number of recent investigators have hypothesised a link between autism, left-handedness, and brain laterality. Their findings have varied widely, in part because these studies have relied on different methodologies and definitions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the literature, with the hypothesis that there would be an association between autism and laterality that would be moderated by handedness, sex, age, brain region studied, and level of autism. From a broad search resulting in 259 papers, 54 were identified for inclusion in the literature review. This list was narrowed further to include only studies reporting results in the inferior frontal gyrus for meta-analysis, resulting in four papers. The meta-analysis found a moderate but non-significant effect size of group on lateralisation, suggesting a decrease in strength of lateralisation in the autistic group, a trend supported by the literature review. A subgroup analysis of sex and a meta-regression of handedness showed that these moderating variables did not have a significant effect on this relationship. Although the results are not conclusive, there appears to be a trend towards a relationship between autism and lateralisation. However, more rigorous studies with better controls and clearer reporting of definitions and results are needed. C1 [Preslar, Jessica] Emory Univ, Dept Neurosci & Behav Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kushner, Howard I.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kushner, Howard I.] Emory Univ, Program Neurosci & Behav Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Marino, Lori] Emory Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Inst Liberal Arts, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Pearce, Bradley] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Preslar, J (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Neurosci & Behav Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. 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We present an intrachromosomal insertion of 3p12.3p14.1 in a phenotypic normal man (46, XY, ins(3)(p25p12.3p14.1)) which is responsible for the unbalanced karyotype in 2 affected offspring, one with a 3p12.3p14.1 interstitial deletion and the other with a reciprocal duplication. The exceptionality of these 2 reciprocal recombinants contributes to a better definition of the proximal 3p deletion syndrome and its duplication counterpart. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Lloveras, Elisabet; Vendrell, Teresa; Fernandez, Asuncion; Castells, Neus; Cueto, Ana; del Campo, Miguel; Plaja, Alberto] Hosp Valle De Hebron, Genet, Barcelona, Spain. [Lloveras, Elisabet; Plaja, Alberto] LABCO Diagnost Iberia, Dept Citogenet, ES-08029 Barcelona, Spain. [Hernando, Cristina; Villa, Olaya] Quantitat Genom Med Labs SL, QGen, Barcelona, Spain. RP Lloveras, E (reprint author), LABCO Diagnost Iberia, Dept Citogenet, C Londres 28, ES-08029 Barcelona, Spain. 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The etiology of autism is poorly understood, the evidence indicates that inflammation may play a key role. In autism a high prevalence of gastrointestinal disturbances is reported, that are linked to a low-grade chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is an intranuclear protein that can be passively released from necrotic cells or actively secreted under inflammatory conditions as alarmin or late proinflammatory cytokine. The objective of this study was to measure plasma levels of HMGB1 in individuals with autism and to analyze their association with gastrointestinal symptoms. The study involved 31 subjects with low-functioning autistic disorder aged 2-22 years and 16 healthy controls. Plasma HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in individuals with autism than in controls (13.8 +/- 11.7 ng/ml vs. 7.90 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, p<0.02). In subjects with plasma HMGB1levels higher than 11 ng/ml severe forms of GI disorders were more prevalent (83.3 %) than in subjects with lower levels (38.9 %, p<0.04). Results of the study support the involvement of the systemic low-grade inflammation in the pathomechanisms of autism and its possible association with GI symptoms. C1 [Babinska, K.; Lakatosova, S.; Bakos, J.; Ostatnikova, D.] Comenius Univ, Inst Physiol, Fac Med, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia. [Bucova, M.; Durmanova, V.] Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Inst Immunol, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia. [Janosikova, D.] Trnava Univ, Fac Philosophy, Dept Psychol, Trnava, Slovakia. [Bakos, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Endocrinol, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Hlavata, A.] Comenius Univ, Dept Pediat 2, Fac Med, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia. [Hlavata, A.] Univ Childrens Hosp, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Babinska, K (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Inst Physiol, Fac Med, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia. EM katarina.babinska@fmed.uniba.sk FU [APVV 0254-11]; [APVV 0253-10] FX The project was supported by the grants APVV 0254-11 and APVV 0253-10. We wish to thank the individuals and families who graciously participated in this study. 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Res. PY 2014 VL 63 SU 4 BP S613 EP S618 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA CD3WI UT WOS:000351014100018 PM 25669692 ER PT J AU Bangel, KA Batty, M Ye, AX Meaux, E Taylor, MJ Doesburg, SM AF Bangel, Katrin A. Batty, Magali Ye, Annette X. Meaux, Emilie Taylor, Margot J. Doesburg, Sam M. TI Reduced beta band connectivity during number estimation in autism SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Beta band; Feature integration; Neural oscillations; Neural synchrony; Numerosity ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; TERM-MEMORY TASK; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; TOP-DOWN; HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; WHITE-MATTER; HUMAN BRAIN AB Recent evidence suggests that disruption of integrative processes in sensation and perception may play a critical role in cognitive and behavioural atypicalities characteristic of ASD. In line with this, ASD is associated with altered structural and functional brain connectivity and atypical patterns of inter-regional communication which have been proposed to contribute to cognitive difficulties prevalent in this group. The present MEG study used atlas-guided source space analysis of inter-regional phase synchronization in ASD participants, as well as matched typically developing controls, during a dot number estimation task. This task included stimuli with globally integrated forms (animal shapes) as well as randomly-shaped stimuli which lacked a coherent global pattern. Early task-dependent increases in inter-regional phase synchrony in theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were observed. Reduced long-range beta-band phase synchronization was found in participants with ASD at 70-145 ms during presentation of globally coherent dot patterns. This early reduction in taskdependent inter-regional connectivity encompassed numerous areas including occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobe regions. These results provide the first evidence for inter-regional phase synchronization during numerosity estimation, as well as its alteration in ASD, and suggest that problems with communication among brain areas may contribute to difficultieswith integrative processes relevant to extraction of meaningful 'Gestalt' features in this population. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bangel, Katrin A.; Ye, Annette X.; Taylor, Margot J.; Doesburg, Sam M.] Hosp Sick Children, Diagnost Imaging Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Bangel, Katrin A.; Ye, Annette X.; Taylor, Margot J.; Doesburg, Sam M.] Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Bangel, Katrin A.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Batty, Magali] Univ Tours, INSERM, UMR Imagerie & Cerveau U930, Tours, France. [Ye, Annette X.] Univ Toronto, Inst Med Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Meaux, Emilie] Ctr Med Univ Geneva, Dept Neurosci & Clin Neurol, Lab Neurol & Imaging Cognit, Geneva, Switzerland. [Taylor, Margot J.; Doesburg, Sam M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Taylor, Margot J.; Doesburg, Sam M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Doesburg, SM (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Diagnost Imaging Res, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. EM sam.doesburg@sickkids.ca FU CIHR [MOP-81161]; NSERC [RGPIN-435659]; VSB [13/116] FX We would like to thank Simeon M. Wong and Daniel Cassel for their help with the data analyses. We would also like to thank CIHR (MOP-81161) for financial support of this project to Margot J. Taylor, NSERC (RGPIN-435659) for financial support to Sam M. Doesburg, and VSB (13/116) for financial support to Katrin A. Bangel. 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PY 2014 VL 6 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.08.020 PG 12 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LL UT WOS:000349668500023 PM 25379432 ER PT J AU Gebauer, L Skewes, J Horlyck, L Vuust, P AF Gebauer, Line Skewes, Joshua Horlyck, Lone Vuust, Peter TI Atypical perception of affective prosody in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Speech; Affective prosody; Emotion; Caudate ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EMOTIONAL PROSODY; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; MEANINGLESS SPEECH; BRAIN-REGIONS; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; ADOLESCENTS; RECOGNITION; ADULTS AB Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in language and social-emotional cognition. Yet, findings of emotion recognition from affective prosody in individuals with ASD are inconsistent. This study investigated emotion recognition and neural processing of affective prosody in high-functioning adults with ASD relative to neurotypical (NT) adults. Individuals with ASD showed mostly typical brain activation of the fronto-temporal and subcortical brain regions in response to affective prosody. Yet, the ASD group showed a trend towards increased activation of the right caudate during processing of affective prosody and rated the emotional intensity lower than NT individuals. This is likely associated with increased attentional task demands in this group, which might contribute to social-emotional impairments. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gebauer, Line; Horlyck, Lone; Vuust, Peter] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Gebauer, Line; Skewes, Joshua] Aarhus Univ, Interacting Minds Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Vuust, Peter] Royal Acad Mus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Gebauer, L (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, Bldg 10G,5th Floor,Noerrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM line.gebauer@psy.au.dk; filjcs@hum.au.dk; skgthrl@ucl.ac.uk; pv@pet.auh.dk FU Lundbeck Foundation [R32-A2846] FX We thank our participants for their participation in this study. This work was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation (R32-A2846 to L.G.). 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PY 2014 VL 6 BP 370 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.08.025 PG 9 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LL UT WOS:000349668500041 PM 25379450 ER PT J AU Pryweller, JR Schauder, KB Anderson, AW Heacock, JL Foss-Feig, JH Newsom, CR Loring, WA Cascio, CJ AF Pryweller, Jennifer R. Schauder, Kimberly B. Anderson, Adam W. Heacock, Jessica L. Foss-Feig, Jennifer H. Newsom, Cassandra R. Loring, Whitney A. Cascio, Carissa J. TI White matter correlates of sensory processing in autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article ID ATTENTIONAL NETWORKS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSTIC VALIDITY; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; FIBER TRACTS; DIFFUSION; ASSOCIATION AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been characterized by atypical socio-communicative behavior, sensorimotor impairment and abnormal neurodevelopmental trajectories. DTI has been used to determine the presence and nature of abnormality in white matter integrity that may contribute to the behavioral phenomena that characterize ASD. Although atypical patterns of sensory responding in ASD are well documented in the behavioral literature, much less is known about the neural networks associated with aberrant sensory processing. To address the roles of basic sensory, sensory association and early attentional processes in sensory responsiveness in ASD, our investigation focused on five white matter fiber tracts known to be involved in these various stages of sensory processing: superior corona radiata, centrum semiovale, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, posterior limb of the internal capsule, and splenium. We acquired high angular resolution diffusion images from 32 children with ASD and 26 typically developing children between the ages of 5 and 8. We also administered sensory assessments to examine brain-behavior relationships between white matter integrity and sensory variables. Our findings suggest a modulatory role of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and splenium in atypical sensorimotor and early attention processes in ASD. Increased tactile defensiveness was found to be related to reduced fractional anisotropy in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, which may reflect an aberrant connection between limbic structures in the temporal lobe and the inferior parietal cortex. Our findings also corroborate the modulatory role of the splenium in attentional orienting, but suggest the possibility of a more diffuse or separable network for social orienting in ASD. Future investigation should consider the use of whole brain analyses for a more robust assessment of white matter microstructure. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pryweller, Jennifer R.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Radiol Sci, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Schauder, Kimberly B.] Univ Rochester, Dept Clin & Social Sci Psychol, Rochester, NY USA. [Anderson, Adam W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Imaging Sci, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Anderson, Adam W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Anderson, Adam W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Heacock, Jessica L.; Newsom, Cassandra R.; Loring, Whitney A.; Cascio, Carissa J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Foss-Feig, Jennifer H.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Newsom, Cassandra R.; Loring, Whitney A.; Cascio, Carissa J.] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Newsom, Cassandra R.; Loring, Whitney A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. RP Cascio, CJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, 1601 23rd Ave South Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM carissa.cascio@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [K01 MH090232]; Landreth Family Discovery Grant; Nicholas Hobbs Society of the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1 TR000445, VR 2719] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (K01 MH090232 awarded to C.J.C.), the Landreth Family Discovery Grant, and the Nicholas Hobbs Society of the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1 TR000445) provided database support and supplemental funding for image acquisition (VR 2719 awarded to C.J.C.). The laboratory of Dr. Grace Baranek (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) provided access to sensory assessments and training in their administration and scoring. 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PY 2014 VL 6 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.09.018 PG 9 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LL UT WOS:000349668500042 PM 25379451 ER PT J AU Frank, E Benabou, M Bentzley, B Bianchi, M Goldstein, T Konopka, G Maywood, E Pritchett, D Sheaves, B Thomas, J AF Frank, Ellen Benabou, Marion Bentzley, Brandon Bianchi, Matt Goldstein, Tina Konopka, Genevieve Maywood, Elizabeth Pritchett, David Sheaves, Bryony Thomas, Jessica GP New York Acad Sci TI Influencing circadian and sleep-wake regulation for prevention and intervention in mood and anxiety disorders: what makes a good homeostat? SO ANNALS REPORTS, VOL 1334 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE homeostasis; circadian rhythms; psychiatry; genetics; mood disorders; anxiety disorder ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS-RESPONSE; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; LIGHT EXPOSURE; MORNINGNESS-EVENINGNESS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AB All living organisms depend on homeostasis, the complex set of interacting metabolic chemical reactions for maintaining life and well-being. This is no less true for psychiatric well-being than for physical well-being. Indeed, a focus on homeostasis forces us to see how inextricably linked mental and physical well-being are. This paper focuses on these linkages. In particular, it addresses the ways in which understanding of disturbed homeostasis may aid in creating classes of patients with mood and anxiety disorders based on such phenotypes. At the cellular level, we may be able to compensate for the inability to study living brain tissue through the study of homeostatic mechanisms in fibroblasts, pluripotent human cells, and mitochondria and determine how homeostasis is disturbed at the level of these peripheral tissues through exogenous stress. We also emphasize the remarkable opportunities for enhancing knowledge in this area that are offered by advances in technology. The study of human behavior, especially when combined with our greatly improved capacity to study unique but isolated populations, offers particularly clear windows into the relationships among genetic, environmental, and behavioral contributions to homeostasis. C1 [Frank, Ellen; Goldstein, Tina] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Benabou, Marion] Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. [Bentzley, Brandon] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Bianchi, Matt] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Sleep Div,Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Konopka, Genevieve] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Neurosci, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Maywood, Elizabeth] MRC Lab Mol Biol, Neurobiol Div, Cambridge, England. [Pritchett, David] Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Lab Ophthalmol, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Sheaves, Bryony] Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Oxford, England. [Thomas, Jessica] Glostrup Univ Hosp, Mol Sleep Lab, Glostrup, Denmark. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, 3811 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 1334 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1111/nyas.12600 PG 25 WC Primary Health Care; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC1EA UT WOS:000350025200001 PM 25532787 ER PT J AU Ishii-Takahashi, A Takizawa, R Nishimura, Y Kawakubo, Y Kuwabara, H Matsubayashi, J Hamada, K Okuhata, S Yahata, N Igarashi, T Kawasaki, S Yamasue, H Kato, N Kasai, K Kano, Y AF Ishii-Takahashi, Ayaka Takizawa, Ryu Nishimura, Yukika Kawakubo, Yuki Kuwabara, Hitoshi Matsubayashi, Junko Hamada, Kasumi Okuhata, Shiho Yahata, Noriaki Igarashi, Takashi Kawasaki, Shingo Yamasue, Hidenori Kato, Nobumasa Kasai, Kiyoto Kano, Yukiko TI Prefrontal activation during inhibitory control measured by near-infrared spectroscopy for differentiating between autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Inhibitory control; Stop signal task ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFERIOR FRONTAL-CORTEX; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; WORKING-MEMORY; STIMULANT-MEDICATION; MOTOR CONTROL; QUOTIENT AQ AB The differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based solely on symptomatic and behavioral assessments can be difficult, even for experts. Thus, the development of a neuroimaging marker that differentiates ASDs from ADHD would be an important contribution to this field. We assessed the differences in prefrontal activation between adults with ASDs and ADHD using an entirely non-invasive and portable neuroimaging tool, near-infrared spectroscopy. This study included 21 drug naive adults with ASDs, 19 drug-naive adults with ADHD, and 21 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and IQ. Oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes in the prefrontal cortex were assessed during a stop signal task and a verbal fluency task. During the stop signal task, compared to the control group, the ASDs group exhibited lower activation in a broad prefrontal area, whereas the ADHD group showed underactivation of the right premotor area, right presupplementary motor area, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Significant differences were observed in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex between the ASDs and ADHD groups during the stop signal task. The leave-one-out cross-validation method using mean oxygenated hemoglobin changes yielded a classification accuracy of 81.4% during inhibitory control. These results were task specific, as the brain activation pattern observed during the verbal fluency task did not differentiate the ASDs and ADHD groups significantly. This study therefore provides evidence of a difference in left ventrolateral prefrontal activation during inhibitory control between adults with ASDs and ADHD. Thus, near-infrared spectroscopy may be useful as an auxiliary tool for the differential diagnosis of such developmental disorders. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ishii-Takahashi, Ayaka; Takizawa, Ryu; Nishimura, Yukika; Matsubayashi, Junko; Hamada, Kasumi; Okuhata, Shiho; Yahata, Noriaki; Yamasue, Hidenori; Kasai, Kiyoto] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Kawakubo, Yuki; Kuwabara, Hitoshi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Hamada, Kasumi] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Comprehens Human Sci, Grad Course Disabil Sci, Ibaraki, Japan. [Okuhata, Shiho] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Kyoto, Japan. [Okuhata, Shiho] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Okuhata, Shiho] Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan. [Igarashi, Takashi; Kawasaki, Shingo] Hitachi Med Corp, Applicat Dev Off, Opt Topog Grp, Chiba, Japan. [Kato, Nobumasa] Showa Univ, Sch Med, Karasuyama Hosp, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ishii-Takahashi, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. 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PY 2014 VL 4 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.10.002 PG 11 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LD UT WOS:000349667600007 PM 24298446 ER PT J AU Verly, M Verhoeven, J Zink, I Mantini, D Peeters, R Deprez, S Emsell, L Boets, B Noens, I Steyaert, J Lagae, L De Cock, P Rommel, N Sunaert, S AF Verly, Marjolein Verhoeven, Judith Zink, Inge Mantini, Dante Peeters, Ronald Deprez, Sabine Emsell, Louise Boets, Bart Noens, Ilse Steyaert, Jean Lagae, Lieven De Cock, Paul Rommel, Nathalie Sunaert, Stefan TI Altered functional connectivity of the language network in ASD: Role of classical language areas and cerebellum SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Cerebellum; Language function; Resting state fMRI ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; VERB GENERATION; CROSSING FIBERS; WHITE-MATTER; MOTOR TASK; IMPAIRMENT AB The development of language, social interaction and communicative skills is remarkably different in the child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Atypical brain connectivity has frequently been reported in this patient population. However, the neural correlates underlying their disrupted language development and functioning are still poorly understood. Using resting state fMRI, we investigated the functional connectivity properties of the language network in a group of ASD patients with clear comorbid language impairment (ASD-LI; N = 19) and compared them to the language related connectivity properties of 23 age-matched typically developing children. A verb generation task was used to determine language components commonly active in both groups. Eight joint language components were identified and subsequently used as seeds in a resting state analysis. Interestingly, both the interregional and the seed-based whole brain connectivity analysis showed preserved connectivity between the classical intrahemispheric language centers, Wernicke's and Broca's areas. In contrast however, a marked loss of functional connectivity was found between the right cerebellar region and the supratentorial regulatory language areas. Also, the connectivity between the interhemispheric Broca regions and modulatory control dorsolateral prefrontal region was found to be decreased. This disruption of normal modulatory control and automation function by the cerebellum may underlie the abnormal language function in children with ASD-LI. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Verly, Marjolein; Zink, Inge; Rommel, Nathalie] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Neurosci Exp ORL, Leuven, Belgium. [Verly, Marjolein; Verhoeven, Judith; Peeters, Ronald; Deprez, Sabine; Emsell, Louise; Sunaert, Stefan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Leuven, Belgium. [Verhoeven, Judith; Boets, Bart; Noens, Ilse; Steyaert, Jean; De Cock, Paul; Sunaert, Stefan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven Autism Res LAURES Consortium, Leuven, Belgium. [Verhoeven, Judith; Lagae, Lieven; De Cock, Paul] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Leuven, Belgium. [Mantini, Dante] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. [Zink, Inge] ETH, Dept Heath Sci & Technol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Mantini, Dante] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Neurosci, Lab Neuro & Psychophysiol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Boets, Bart; Noens, Ilse] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Parenting & Special Educ Res Unit, Leuven, Belgium. [Boets, Bart; Steyaert, Jean] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Leuven, Belgium. [Noens, Ilse] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Dept Clin Genet, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [De Cock, Paul] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Ctr Dev Disabil, Leuven, Belgium. RP Verly, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Neurosci Expt Otorinolaryngol, Herestr 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. EM marjolein.verly@med.kuleuven.be FU Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (F.W.O.) [G.0354.06]; Belgian Inter University Attraction Pole [6/29]; KU Leuven Research Council [IDO/08/013] FX The authors are grateful to our participants and healthy volunteers who made this research possible. This study was supported by the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (F.W.O.) (research grant G.0354.06, doctoral mandate to JSV, post-doctoral mandate to DM and BB), by the Belgian Inter University Attraction Pole (grant 6/29) and by the KU Leuven Research Council (grant IDO/08/013). 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PY 2014 VL 4 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.008 PG 9 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LD UT WOS:000349667600040 PM 24567909 ER PT J AU Lazar, M Miles, LM Babb, JS Donaldson, JB AF Lazar, Mariana Miles, Laura M. Babb, James S. Donaldson, Jeffrey B. TI Axonal deficits in young adults with High Functioning Autism and their impact on processing speed SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; White matter; Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging; Axonal integrity; Processing speed; Information processing capacity ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SUBJECT DIFFUSION DATA; WHITE-MATTER; SPECTRUM DISORDER; SPATIAL STATISTICS; VOXELWISE ANALYSIS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; SPINAL-CORD; BRAIN; CHILDREN AB Microstructural white matter deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have been suggested by both histological findings and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies, which show reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD). However, imaging reports are generally not consistent across studies and the underlying physiological causes of the reported differences in FA and MD remain poorly understood. In this study, we sought to further characterize white matter deficits in ASD by employing an advanced diffusion imaging method, the Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), and a two-compartment diffusion model of white matter. This model differentially describes intra-and extra-axonal white matter compartments using Axonal Water Fraction (f(axon)) a measure reflecting axonal caliber and density, and compartment-specific diffusivity measures. Diagnostic utility of these measures and associations with processing speed performance were also examined. Comparative studies were conducted in 16 young male adults with High Functioning Autism (HFA) and 17 typically developing control participants (TDC). Significantly decreased f(axon) was observed in HFA compared to the control group in most of the major white matter tracts, including the corpus callosum, cortico-spinal tracts, and superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi. Intra-axonal diffusivity (D-axon) was also found to be reduced in some of these regions. Decreased axial extra-axonal diffusivity (AD(extra)) was noted in the genu of the corpus callosum. Reduced processing speed significantly correlated with decreased f(axon) and D-axon in several tracts. f(axon) of the left cortico-spinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculi showed good accuracy in discriminating the HFA and TDC groups. In conclusion, these findings suggest altered axonal microstructure in young adults with HFA which is associated with reduced processing speed. Compartment-specific diffusion metrics appear to improve specificity and sensitivity to white matter deficits in this population. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lazar, Mariana; Miles, Laura M.; Babb, James S.; Donaldson, Jeffrey B.] NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Imaging, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Lazar, M (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Imaging, 660 First Ave,Room 423, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM mariana.lazar@nyumc.org FU Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership (GRASP); Interactive Autism Network (IAN); Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism Association (AHANY); National Institutes of Mental Health through NIMH [R03-MH076180] FX We thank all our participants and their parents and families for their time and effort in participating in the study. We also thank the Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership (GRASP), Interactive Autism Network (IAN), and Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism Association (AHANY) for their support in advertising the study and recruiting participants. Finally, we thank KellyAnne McGorty, William Fazio, David Mossa, and Kamil Banibaker for their assistance with acquiring the MR data and Els Fieremans for discussions related to the two-compartment model.This study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Mental Health through NIMH R03-MH076180 award. 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PY 2014 VL 4 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.014 PG 9 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LD UT WOS:000349667600045 PM 24624327 ER PT J AU Poulin-Lord, MP Barbeau, EB Soulieres, I Monchi, O Doyon, J Benali, H Mottron, L AF Poulin-Lord, Marie-Pier Barbeau, Elise B. Soulieres, Isabelle Monchi, Oury Doyon, Julien Benali, Habib Mottron, Laurent TI Increased topographical variability of task-related activation in perceptive and motor associative regions in adult autistics SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism; fMRI; Plasticity; Primary areas; Associative areas ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; GESTURE IMITATION; PLANUM TEMPORALE; FMRI; CORTEX; FACE; ADOLESCENTS; BRAIN AB Background: An enhanced plasticity is suspected to play a role in various microstructural alterations, as well as in regional cortical reallocations observed in autism. Combined with multiple indications of enhanced perceptual functioning in autism, and indications of atypical motor functioning, enhanced plasticity predicts a superior variability in functional cortical allocation, predominant in perceptual and motor regions. Method: To test this prediction, we scanned 23 autistics and 22 typical participants matched on age, FSIQ, Raven percentile scores and handedness during a visuo-motor imitation task. For each participant, the coordinates of the strongest task-related activation peak were extracted in the primary (Brodmann area 4) and supplementary (BA 6) motor cortex, the visuomotor superior parietal cortex (BA 7), and the primary (BA 17) and associative (BAs 18 + 19) visual areas. Mean signal changes for each ROI in both hemispheres, and the number of voxels composing the strongest activation cluster were individually extracted to compare intensity and size of the signal between groups. For each ROI, in each hemisphere, and for every participant, the distance from their respective group average was used as a variable of interest to determine group differences in localization variability using repeated measures ANOVAs. Between-group comparison of whole-brain activation was also performed. Results: Both groups displayed a higher mean variability in the localization of activations in the associative areas compared to the primary visual or motor areas. However, despite this shared increased variability in associative cortices, a direct between-group comparison of the individual variability in localization of the activation revealed a significantly greater variability in the autistic group than in the typical group in the left visuo-motor superior parietal cortex (BA 7) and in the left associative visual areas (BAs 18 + 19). Conclusion: Different and possibly unique strategies are used by each autistic individual. That enhanced variability in localization of activations in the autistic group is found in regions typically more variable in non-autistics raises the possibility that autism involves an enhancement and / or an alteration of typical plasticity mechanisms. The current study also highlights the necessity to verify, in fMRI studies involving autistic people, that hypoactivation at the group level does not result from each individual successfully completing a task using a unique brain allocation, even by comparison to his own group. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Poulin-Lord, Marie-Pier; Barbeau, Elise B.; Soulieres, Isabelle; Mottron, Laurent] Univ Montreal, Ctr Excellence Troubles Envahissants Dev, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Poulin-Lord, Marie-Pier; Barbeau, Elise B.; Soulieres, Isabelle; Mottron, Laurent] Inst Univ Sante Mentale Montreal, Ctr Rech, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Barbeau, Elise B.; Mottron, Laurent] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Soulieres, Isabelle] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Monchi, Oury] Inst Univ Geriatrie Montreal, Ctr Rech, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Monchi, Oury] Univ Montreal, Dept Radiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Benali, Habib] Fac Med, Lab Imagerie Fonct U678, Paris, France. [Doyon, Julien] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Unite Neuroimagerie Fonct, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Mottron, L (reprint author), Hop Riviere des Prairies, Serv Rech, 7070 Blvd Perras, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. EM laurent.mottron@gmail.com FU operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP-84243]; studentship from the CIHR FX This work was supported by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, No. MOP-84243) to L. Mottron and a studentship from the CIHR to E.B. Barbeau. The authors want to thank the participants for their invaluable contribution to this project, Arnaud Bore for the images and Agnes Jacob for proof reading the article. 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PY 2014 VL 4 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.02.008 PG 10 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LD UT WOS:000349667600048 PM 25101235 ER PT J AU Auzias, G Viellard, M Takerkart, S Villeneuve, N Poinso, F Da Fonseca, D Girard, N Deruelle, C AF Auzias, G. Viellard, M. Takerkart, S. Villeneuve, N. Poinso, F. Da Fonseca, D. Girard, N. Deruelle, C. TI Atypical sulcal anatomy in young children with autism spectrum disorder SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism; MRI; morphometry; sulci ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; CORTICAL FOLDING ABNORMALITIES; AGE 2 YEARS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BRAIN SIZE; NEUROANATOMICAL DIFFERENCES; SURFACE-AREA; MORPHOMETRY; THICKNESS; GYRIFICATION AB Autism spectrum disorder is associated with an altered early brain development. However, the specific cortical structure abnormalities underlying this disorder remain largely unknown. Nonetheless, atypical cortical folding provides lingering evidence of early disruptions in neurodevelopmental processes and identifying changes in the geometry of cortical sulci is of primary interest for characterizing these structural abnormalities in autism and their evolution over the first stages of brain development. Here, we applied state-of-the-art sulcus-based morphometry methods to a large highly-selective cohort of 73 young male children of age spanning from 18 to 108 months. Moreover, such large cohort was selected through extensive behavioral assessments and stringent inclusion criteria for the group of 59 children with autism. After manual labeling of 59 different sulci in each hemisphere, we computed multiple shape descriptors for each single sulcus element, hereby separating the folding measurement into distinct factors such as the length and depth of the sulcus. We demonstrated that the central, intraparietal and frontal medial sulci showed a significant and consistent pattern of abnormalities across our different geometrical indices. We also found that autistic and control children exhibited strikingly different relationships between age and structural changes in brain morphology. Lastly, the different measures of sulcus shapes were correlated with the CARS and ADOS scores that are specific to the autistic pathology and indices of symptom severity. Inherently, these structural abnormalities are confined to regions that are functionally relevant with respect to cognitive disorders in ASD. In contrast to those previously reported in adults, it is very unlikely that these abnormalities originate from general compensatory mechanisms unrelated to the primary pathology. Rather, they most probably reflect an early disruption on developmental trajectory that could be part of the primary pathology. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Auzias, G.; Viellard, M.; Takerkart, S.; Poinso, F.; Da Fonseca, D.; Deruelle, C.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT UMR 7289, Marseille, France. [Viellard, M.; Villeneuve, N.; Poinso, F.] Hop St Marguerite, APHM, Ctr Ressources Autisme, Serv Pedopsychiat, Marseille, France. [Da Fonseca, D.] Hop Salvator, APHM, Serv Pedopsychiat, Marseille, France. [Girard, N.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France. [Girard, N.] APHM Timone, Serv Neuroradiol Diagnost & Intervent, Marseille, France. RP Auzias, G (reprint author), Fac Med Marseille, Inst Neurosci Timone, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 5, France. EM guillaume.auzias@gmail.com RI deruelle, christine/E-2130-2015 FU Fondation de France (OTP) [38872]; Fondation Orange [S1 2013-050] FX This work was supported by a grant from Fondation de France (OTP 38872) and from Fondation Orange (S1 2013-050). 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PY 2014 VL 4 BP 593 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.03.008 PG 11 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LD UT WOS:000349667600065 PM 24936410 ER PT J AU Bos, DJ van Raalten, TR Oranje, B Smits, AR Kobussen, NA van Belle, J Rombouts, SARB Durston, S AF Bos, Dienke J. van Raalten, Tamar R. Oranje, Bob Smits, Anouk R. Kobussen, Nieke A. van Belle, Janna Rombouts, Serge A. R. B. Durston, Sarah TI Developmental differences in higher-order resting-state networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Autism; Development; Connectivity; Networks; Independent Component Analysis ID INTRINSIC CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DEFAULT MODE NETWORK; INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; BRAIN CONNECTIVITY; COGNITIVE CONTROL; CINGULATE CORTEX; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; FRONTAL-CORTEX AB Objective: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been associated with a complex pattern of increases and decreases in resting-state functional connectivity. The developmental disconnection hypothesis of ASD poses that shorter connections become overly well established with development in this disorder, at the cost of long-range connections. Here, we investigated resting-state connectivity in relatively young boys with ASD and typically developing children. We hypothesized that ASD would be associated with reduced connectivity between networks, and increased connectivity within networks, reflecting poorer integration and segregation of functional networks in ASD. Methods: We acquired resting-state fMRI from 27 boys with ASD and 29 age-and IQ-matched typically developing boys between 6 and 16 years of age. Functional connectivity networks were identified using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Group comparisons were conducted using permutation testing, with and without voxel-wise correction for grey matter density. Results: We found no between-group differences in within-network connectivity. However, we did find reduced functional connectivity between two higher-order cognitive networks in ASD. Furthermore, we found an interaction effect with age in the DMN: insula connectivity increased with age in ASD, whereas it decreased in typically developing children. Conclusions: These results show subtle changes in between network connectivity in relatively young boys with ASD. However, the global architecture of resting-state networks appeared to be intact. This argues against recent suggestions that changes in connectivity in ASD may be the most prominent during development. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Bos, Dienke J.; van Raalten, Tamar R.; Oranje, Bob; Smits, Anouk R.; Kobussen, Nieke A.; van Belle, Janna; Durston, Sarah] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Psychiat, NICHE Lab, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Rombouts, Serge A. R. B.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Rombouts, Serge A. R. B.] Leiden Univ, Inst Psychol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Rombouts, Serge A. R. B.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Bos, DJ (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Psychiat, NICHE Lab, HP A01-126,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM d.j.bos-2@umcutrecht.nl FU Hersenstichting [F2009(1)-17]; National Initiative Brain and Cognition of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [NIHC 056-13-011] FX The authors would like to thank all the participants and their parents of this study. Furthermore, we thank Juliette Weusten and Sarai van Dijk for the assistance with subject recruitment and MRI assessments. This study was financially supported by the Hersenstichting (F2009(1)-17) and the National Initiative Brain and Cognition (NIHC 056-13-011) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). 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PY 2014 VL 4 BP 820 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.05.007 PG 8 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LD UT WOS:000349667600088 PM 24936432 ER PT J AU Wilson, DA Xu, WJ Sadrian, B Courtiol, E Cohen, Y Barnes, DC AF Wilson, Donald A. Xu, Wenjin Sadrian, Benjamin Courtiol, Emmanuelle Cohen, Yaniv Barnes, Dylan C. BE Barkai, E Wilson, DA TI Cortical Odor Processing in Health and Disease SO ODOR MEMORY AND PERCEPTION SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE piriform cortex; orbitofrontal cortex; entorhinal cortex; mediodorsal thalamus; odor perception ID MEDIODORSAL THALAMIC NUCLEUS; FAMILIAL ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; LATERAL ENTORHINAL CORTEX; PRIMARY OLFACTORY CORTEX; TRIPLE-TRANSGENIC MODEL; SLOW-WAVE SLEEP; ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER; RAT ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; PIRIFORM CORTEX AB The olfactory system has a rich cortical representation, including a large archicortical component present in most vertebrates, and in mammals neocortical components including the entorhinal and orbitofrontal cortices. Together, these cortical components contribute to normal odor perception and memory. They help transform the physicochemical features of volatile molecules inhaled or exhaled through the nose into the perception of odor objects with rich associative and hedonic aspects. This chapter focuses on how olfactory cortical areas contribute to odor perception and begins to explore why odor perception is so sensitive to disease and pathology. Odor perception is disrupted by a wide range of disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, autism, and early life exposure to toxins. This olfactory deficit often occurs despite maintained functioning in other sensory systems. Does the unusual network of olfactory cortical structures contribute to this sensitivity? C1 [Wilson, Donald A.; Xu, Wenjin; Sadrian, Benjamin; Courtiol, Emmanuelle; Cohen, Yaniv; Barnes, Dylan C.] Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Emot Brain Inst, New York, NY 10962 USA. [Wilson, Donald A.; Xu, Wenjin; Sadrian, Benjamin; Courtiol, Emmanuelle; Cohen, Yaniv; Barnes, Dylan C.] NYU, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Langone Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Wilson, Donald A.; Barnes, Dylan C.] CUNY City Coll, Cognit Neurosci Program, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Wilson, DA (reprint author), Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Emot Brain Inst, New York, NY 10962 USA. 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After decades during which estimates were based on indirect approaches, notably on inferences from evolutionary patterns, it is now feasible to count de novo mutations in transmissions from parents to offspring. Surprisingly, this direct approach yields a mutation rate that is twofold lower than previous estimates, calling into question our understanding of the chronology of human evolution and raising the possibility that mutation rates have evolved relatively rapidly. Here, we bring together insights from studies of human genetics and molecular evolution, focusing on where they conflict and what the discrepancies tell us about important open questions. We begin by outlining various methods for studying the properties of mutations in humans. We review what we have learned from their applications about genomic factors that influence mutation rates and the effects of sex, age, and other sources of interindividual variation. We then consider the mutation rate as a product of evolution and discuss how and why it may have changed over time in primates. C1 [Segurel, Laure] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7206, Museum Natl Hist Nat,Lab Ecoanthropol & Ethnobiol, F-75231 Paris, France. [Wyman, Minyoung J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Przeworski, Molly] Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Przeworski, Molly] Univ Chicago, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Segurel, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7206, Museum Natl Hist Nat,Lab Ecoanthropol & Ethnobiol, F-75231 Paris, France. 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BE Chakravarti, A Green, E TI The Diverse Genetic Landscape of Neurodevelopmental Disorders SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS, VOL 15 SE Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE neurodevelopment; brain malformations; somatic mutations; autism ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONGENITAL MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; EYE-BRAIN DISEASE; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; RHIZOMELIC CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GENE; CEREBRAL CORTICAL SIZE AB Advances in genetic tools and sequencing technology in the past few years have vastly expanded our understanding of the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent high-throughput sequencing analyses of structural brain malformations, cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, and localized cortical dysplasias have uncovered a diverse genetic landscape beyond classic Mendelian patterns of inheritance. The underlying genetic causes of neurodevelopmental disorders implicate numerous cell biological pathways critical for normal brain development. C1 [Hu, Wen F.; Chahrour, Maria H.; Walsh, Christopher A.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Genet & Gen, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hu, Wen F.; Chahrour, Maria H.; Walsh, Christopher A.] Childrens Hosp, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hu, Wen F.; Chahrour, Maria H.; Walsh, Christopher A.] Childrens Hosp, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hu, Wen F.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Program Neurosci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hu, Wen F.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard MD PhD MSTP Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chahrour, Maria H.; Walsh, Christopher A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Walsh, Christopher A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chahrour, Maria H.; Walsh, Christopher A.] Autism Consortium, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hu, WF (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Genet & Gen, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. PY 2014 VL 15 BP 195 EP 213 DI 10.1146/annurev-genom-090413-025600 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA BB9LQ UT WOS:000348449500009 PM 25184530 ER PT J AU Watson, CT Marques-Bonet, T Sharp, AJ Mefford, HC AF Watson, Corey T. Marques-Bonet, Tomas Sharp, Andrew J. Mefford, Heather C. BE Chakravarti, A Green, E TI The Genetics of Microdeletion and Microduplication Syndromes: An Update SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS, VOL 15 SE Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE developmental delay; intellectual disability; copy-number variation; recurrent rearrangement; nonallelic homologous recombination; microarray ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; RARE CHROMOSOMAL DELETIONS; FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC-HERNIA; IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY; SMITH-MAGENIS SYNDROME; AT-RICH PALINDROMES; EXOME SEQUENCE DATA AB Chromosomal abnormalities, including microdeletions and microduplications, have long been associated with abnormal developmental outcomes. Early discoveries relied on a common clinical presentation and the ability to detect chromosomal abnormalities by standard karyotype analysis or specific assays such as fluorescence in situ hybridization. Over the past decade, the development of novel genomic technologies has allowed more comprehensive, unbiased discovery of microdeletions and microduplications throughout the human genome. The ability to quickly interrogate large cohorts using chromosome microarrays and, more recently, next-generation sequencing has led to the rapid discovery of novel microdeletions and microduplications associated with disease, including very rare but clinically significant rearrangements. In addition, the observation that some microdeletions are associated with risk for several neurodevelopmental disorders contributes to our understanding of shared genetic susceptibility for such disorders. Here, we review current knowledge of microdeletion/duplication syndromes, with a particular focus on recurrent rearrangement syndromes. C1 [Watson, Corey T.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Watson, Corey T.; Sharp, Andrew J.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Marques-Bonet, Tomas] Univ Pompeu Fabra, CSIC, Inst Biol Evolut, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Marques-Bonet, Tomas] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Marques-Bonet, Tomas] Ctr Nacl Anal Genom, Barcelona 08023, Spain. [Mefford, Heather C.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Watson, CT (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. 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Many of these syndromes demonstrate phenotypic overlap with classical imprinting disorders and with one another. The various writer and eraser systems involve opposing players, which we propose must maintain a balance between open and closed chromatin states in any given cell. An imbalance might lead to disrupted expression of disease-relevant target genes. We suggest that classifying disorders based on predicted effects on this balance would be informative regarding pathogenesis. Furthermore, strategies targeted at restoring this balance might offer novel therapeutic avenues, taking advantage of available agents such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and histone acetylation antagonists. C1 [Fahrner, Jill A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Fahrner, JA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 15 BP 269 EP 293 DI 10.1146/annurev-genom-090613-094245 PG 25 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA BB9LQ UT WOS:000348449500012 PM 25184531 ER PT J AU Tsilibary, E Tzinia, A Radenovic, L Stamenkovic, V Lebitko, T Mucha, M Pawlak, R Frischknecht, R Kaczmarek, L AF Tsilibary, Effie Tzinia, Athina Radenovic, Lidija Stamenkovic, Vera Lebitko, Tomasz Mucha, Mariusz Pawlak, Robert Frischknecht, Renato Kaczmarek, Leszek BE Dityatev, A WehrleHaller, B Pitkanen, A TI Neural ECM proteases in learning and synaptic plasticity SO BRAIN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Extracellular matrix; Thrombin; Trypsin; Metalloproteinases; Long-term potentiation; Cognitive behavior; Schizophrenia; Addiction; Autism ID TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CHONDROITIN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE-9 MESSENGER-RNA; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE ACTIVITY; EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT PLASTICITY; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR BDNF; ADULT-MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AB Recent studies implicate extracellular proteases in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. The data are especially strong for such serine proteases as thrombin, tissue plasminogen activator, neurotrypsin, and neuropsin as well as matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9 in particular. The role of those enzymes in the aforementioned phenomena is supported by the experimental results on the expression patterns (at the gene expression and protein and enzymatic activity levels) and functional studies, including knockout mice, specific inhibitors, etc. Counterintuitively, the studies have shown that the extracellular proteolysis is not responsible mainly for an overall degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and loosening perisynaptic structures, but rather allows for releasing signaling molecules from the ECM, transsynaptic proteins, and latent form of growth factors. Notably, there are also indications implying those enzymes in the major neuropsychiatric disorders, probably by contributing to synaptic aberrations underlying such diseases as schizophrenia, bipolar, autism spectrum disorders, and drug addiction. C1 [Tsilibary, Effie; Tzinia, Athina] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Biosci & Applicat, Athens, Greece. [Radenovic, Lidija; Stamenkovic, Vera] Univ Belgrade, Ctr Laser Microscopy, Inst Physiol & Biochem, Fac Biol, Belgrade, Serbia. [Lebitko, Tomasz; Kaczmarek, Leszek] Nencki Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Neurobiol, Warsaw, Poland. [Mucha, Mariusz; Pawlak, Robert] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Frischknecht, Renato] Leibniz Inst Neurobiol, Dept Neurochem & Mol Biol, Magdeburg, Germany. RP Kaczmarek, L (reprint author), Nencki Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Neurobiol, Warsaw, Poland. 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Brain Res. PY 2014 VL 214 BP 135 EP 157 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-63486-3.00006-2 PG 23 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BC0QG UT WOS:000349337900008 PM 25410356 ER PT J AU Pitkanen, A Ndode-Ekane, XE Lukasiuk, K Wilczynski, GM Dityatev, A Walker, MC Chabrol, E Dedeurwaerdere, S Vazquez, N Powell, EM AF Pitkanen, Asla Ndode-Ekane, Xavier E. Lukasiuk, Katarzyna Wilczynski, Grzegorz M. Dityatev, Alexander Walker, Matthew C. Chabrol, Elodie Dedeurwaerdere, Stefanie Vazquez, Naiara Powell, Elizabeth M. BE Dityatev, A WehrleHaller, B Pitkanen, A TI Neural ECM and epilepsy SO BRAIN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE autism; epileptogenesis; heparan sulfate proteoglycan; imaging; LGI1; matrix metalloproteinase; tenascin; urokinase ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR RECEPTOR; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; GLYCOPROTEIN TENASCIN-R; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DOMINANT PARTIAL EPILEPSY; PLUS TF/J MICE; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; FOCAL CORTICAL DYSPLASIA AB Currently, there are about 20 antiepileptic drugs on market. Still, seizures in about 30% of patients with epilepsy are not adequately controlled, or the drugs cause quality-of-life-compromising adverse events. Importantly, there are no treatments to combat epileptogenesis, a process that leads to the development of epilepsy and its progression. To fill the gaps in the treatment of epilepsy, there is an urgent need for identification of novel treatment targets. Data emerging over the recent years have shown that different components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute to many components of tissue reorganization during epileptogenesis and the ECM is also a major regulator of synaptic excitability. Here, we review the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor interactome, matrix metalloproteinases, tenascin-R, and LGI1 in epileptogenesis and ictogenesis. Moreover, the role of the ECM in epilepsy-related comorbidities is reviewed. As there is active development of new imaging methods, we also summarize the data available on imaging of the ECM in epilepsy. C1 [Pitkanen, Asla; Ndode-Ekane, Xavier E.] Univ Eastern Finland, AI Virtanen Inst Mol Sci, Dept Neurobiol, Kuopio, Finland. [Pitkanen, Asla] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. [Lukasiuk, Katarzyna; Wilczynski, Grzegorz M.] Polish Acad Sci, Nencki Inst Expt Biol, Warsaw, Poland. [Dityatev, Alexander] German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis DZNE, Mol Neuroplast Grp, Magdeburg, Germany. [Walker, Matthew C.; Chabrol, Elodie] UCL, Inst Neurol, London, England. [Dedeurwaerdere, Stefanie; Vazquez, Naiara] Univ Antwerp, Dept Translat Neurosci, Antwerp, Belgium. [Powell, Elizabeth M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Pitkanen, A (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, AI Virtanen Inst Mol Sci, Dept Neurobiol, Kuopio, Finland. 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Brain Res. PY 2014 VL 214 BP 229 EP 262 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-63486-3.00011-6 PG 34 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BC0QG UT WOS:000349337900013 PM 25410361 ER PT J AU Pivovarciova, A Hnilicova, S Ostatnikova, D Mace, FC AF Pivovarciova, Anna Hnilicova, Silvia Ostatnikova, Daniela Mace, F. Charles TI Testosterone and explosive aggression in autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorders; explosive aggression; testosterone; anti-androgen therapy ID PROACTIVE AGGRESSION; CONDUCT DISORDER; SALIVARY CORTISOL; SELF-INJURY; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION; SPIRONOLACTONE; CYPROTERONE; ADOLESCENTS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterized by early-onset difficulties in social communication and unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests. Children with ASD have a high rate of irritability and aggressive symptoms which have significant impact on their lives, families and society. The etiology of aggression in humans is likely complex and includes both biological and behavioral causes. Biological approaches have focused on hormones and neurotransmitters that are hypothesized to contribute to the etiology and clinical manifestation of aggressive behavior in humans. Testosterone is a male sex hormone and some studies suggest that it can play a role in the complex etiology of aggressive behavior. Two specific subtypes of aggression have been identified: explosive and non-explosive. Explosive aggression is accompanied by a raged affect and is usually more dangerous and not immediately responsive to behavioral treatment. In our review we would like to provide current findings and discuss potential limitation of research in this area. We propose to determine bio-behavioral model of explosive aggression in children with ASD which will predict which children will be most responsive to potential antiandrogen therapy and behavioral therapy. C1 [Pivovarciova, Anna; Hnilicova, Silvia; Ostatnikova, Daniela] Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Inst Physiol, ARCA, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia. [Pivovarciova, Anna] Children Fac Hosp, Dept Pediat Psychiat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Hnilicova, Silvia] Fac Hlth Care & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia. [Mace, F. Charles] Nova SE Univ, Ctr Psychol Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Pivovarciova, A (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Inst Physiol, ARCA, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia. EM anna.pivovarciova@gmail.com FU University Science Park for Biomedicine Bratislava [ITMS 26240220087]; Comenius University in Bratislava Science Park [ITMS 26240220086]; [APVV-0254-11]; [UK 514/2014]; [VEGA1/0086/14] FX All authors acknowledge that there are no financial interests and no conflict of interests relevant to the subject of the manuscript. This review emerged as a part of the Autism research project held at the Academic Research Center for Autism (ARCA) at the Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, supported by grants: University Science Park for Biomedicine Bratislava (ITMS 26240220087), Comenius University in Bratislava Science Park (ITMS 26240220086), APVV-0254-11, UK 514/2014, VEGA1/0086/14. 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Behav. Pers. PY 2014 VL 42 SU S BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.2224/sbp.2014.suppl.S65 PG 16 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA CB8QW UT WOS:000349896800007 ER PT J AU Worby, CA Dixon, JE AF Worby, Carolyn A. Dixon, Jack E. BE Kornberg, RD TI PTEN SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 83 SE Annual Review of Biochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE tumor suppressor; phosphatase; cancer ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL KINASE-ACTIVITY; VOLTAGE-SENSING PHOSPHATASE; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTORS; UBIQUITIN LIGASE NEDD4-1; X-LINKED INHIBITOR; TENSIN-HOMOLOG; NUCLEAR PTEN AB The importance of PTEN in cellular function is underscored by the frequency of its deregulation in cancer. PTEN tumor-suppressor activity depends largely on its lipid phosphatase activity, which opposes PI3K/AKT activation. As such, PTEN regulates many cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, energy metabolism, cellular architecture, and motility. More than a decade of research has expanded our knowledge about how PTEN is controlled at the transcriptional level as well as by numerous posttranscriptional modifications that regulate its enzymatic activity, protein stability, and cellular location. Although the role of PTEN in cancers has long been appreciated, it is also emerging as an important factor in other diseases, such as diabetes and autism spectrum disorders. Our understanding of PTEN function and regulation will hopefully translate into improved prognosis and treatment for patients suffering from these ailments. C1 [Worby, Carolyn A.; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Worby, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 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The mechanisms underlying persistent changes in synaptic strength in the hippocampus, specifically long-term potentiation and depression, depend on new protein synthesis. Such changes are thought to be orchestrated by engaging the signaling pathways that regulate mRNA translation in neurons. In this review, we discuss the key regulatory pathways that govern translational control in response to synaptic activity and the mRNA populations that are specifically targeted by these pathways. The critical contribution of regulatory control over new protein synthesis to proper cognitive function is underscored by human disorders associated with either silencing or mutation of genes encoding proteins that directly regulate translation. In light of these clinical implications, we also consider the therapeutic potential of targeting dysregulated translational control to treat cognitive disorders of synaptic dysfunction. 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Children whose blindness has an ocular-plus cause may be more delayed in ToM than children with blindness due to ocular causes. Methods: In the current study, performances of children with congenital ocular-plus blindness (n = 22) and congenital ocular blindness (n = 9) were compared with sighted children (n = 103) on ToM tasks designed for children with blindness. Results: Compared with sighted children, ToM performance was delayed in children with ocular-plus blindness, but not in children with ocular blindness. Discussion: ToM development in children with congenital blindness could be related to factors other than the loss of a sensory function and the lack of visual social and communicative experiences. C1 [Begeer, Sander; de Wind, Marieke J. voor] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Dik, Marjolein] Natl Fdn Visually Impaired & Blind, Royal Dutch Visio, NL-1105 BE Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 108 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA CA8QZ UT WOS:000349187300007 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, DH Rocha, NP Sousa, LFD Barbosa, IG Kummer, A Teixeira, AL AF Rodrigues, David Henrique Rocha, Natalia Pessoa da Cunha Sousa, Larissa Fonseca Barbosa, Izabela Guimaraes Kummer, Arthur Teixeira, Antonio Lucio TI Circulating levels of neurotrophic factors in autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; neurotrophins; neurotrophic factors; NT3; NT4; GDNF; NGF; BDNF ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BRAIN; PROTEIN; SERUM; CONNECTIVITY; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the levels of a neurotrophic factor and some neurotrophins in the plasma of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). DESIGN: This study enrolled 30 children with ASD and 19 healthy children. Plasma levels of the neurotrophins BDNF, NGF, NT3, NT4 and of the neurotrophic factor GDNF were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. SETTING: The etiopathogenesis of ASD is largely unknown, but it seems to involve dysfunction in several biological systems. One of these systems comprises the neurotrophic factors, which are molecules involved in many processes in the central nervous system, including neuronal survival, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have shown association between neurotrophic factors and ASD. RESULTS: No differences in plasma BDNF, NGF, NT3, NT4 and GDNF were found between ASD and control. Neurotrophic factors are not altered in ASD. CONCLUSIONS: These molecules may play a minor role in ASD. C1 [Rodrigues, David Henrique; Rocha, Natalia Pessoa; da Cunha Sousa, Larissa Fonseca; Barbosa, Izabela Guimaraes; Kummer, Arthur; Teixeira, Antonio Lucio] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med, Interdisciplinary Lab Med Res, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Rodrigues, David Henrique] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Dept Hlth & Basic Sci, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Barbosa, Izabela Guimaraes; Teixeira, Antonio Lucio] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Univ Hosp, Div Neurol, Neuropsychiat Branch, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Kummer, Arthur] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Rodrigues, DH (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med, Interdisciplinary Lab Med Res, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM dhenrodrigues@gmail.com FU CAPES FX This work was supported by CAPES. We would like to thank Makelly Kezia Brum Ribeiro for the technical assistance. 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Lett. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 5 BP 380 EP 384 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB1JQ UT WOS:000349383900009 PM 25275256 ER PT J AU Stampoltzis, A Defingou, G Antonopoulou, K Kouvava, S Polychronopoulou, S AF Stampoltzis, Aglaia Defingou, Georgia Antonopoulou, Katerina Kouvava, Sofia Polychronopoulou, Stavroula TI Psycho-social characteristics of children and adolescents with siblings on the autistic spectrum SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE siblings with autism; psycho-social adaptation; sibling relationships; ASDs and siblings ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; BEHAVIORAL-ADJUSTMENT; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; DISORDERS; BROTHERS; SISTERS; COEFFICIENTS; EXPERIENCES AB This study investigates the psycho-social characteristics of typically developing children who have siblings with autism and their sibling relationship. Children's adjustment at school, their self-esteem and social relations, as well as their friends' attitudes towards their autistic siblings were examined. Participants were 22 siblings of children with autism, aged 8-18 years, 22 mothers and 22 fathers. Parents provided demographic information, and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Sibling Inventory of Behaviour. Data from siblings of children with autism were based on a semi-structured interview, the Self-Perception Profile for Children and Adolescents and the Siblings Problems Questionnaire. Only few typically developing siblings of children with autism exhibit emotional and behavioural difficulties. The majority of them have a good relationship with their autistic brother or sister, although they mentioned changes in their daily routines. They also seem not to be satisfied in terms of peer acceptance skills and friendships. 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J. Spec. Needs Educ. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 474 EP 490 DI 10.1080/08856257.2014.922811 PG 17 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AZ8ZH UT WOS:000348500000004 ER PT J AU Griffith, GM Barbakou, A Hastings, RP AF Griffith, G. M. Barbakou, A. Hastings, R. P. TI Coping as a predictor of burnout and general health in therapists working in ABA schools SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE applied behaviour analysis; autism; therapist; staff; burnout ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; THERAPEUTIC SELF-EFFICACY; DIRECT-CARE STAFF; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PROCEDURAL FIDELITY; SUPERVISOR SUPPORT; MINDFUL STAFF; CHILDREN; AUTISM; STRESS AB Background: Little is known about the work-related well-being of applied behaviour analysis (ABA) therapists who work in school-based contexts and deliver ABA interventions to children with autism. 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J. Spec. Needs Educ. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.1080/08856257.2014.952915 PG 11 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AZ8ZH UT WOS:000348500000009 ER PT J AU Schwab, E AF Schwab, Emmanuel TI THE POSITION OF AUTISM BETWEEN PSYCHOANALYSIS AND BEHAVIORISM: SEVERAL PROPOSITIONS SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT LA French DT Article DE Invasive sensorial anxiety; Mirror function in autism; Psychoanalytic-behaviorist dialogue AB The current debates surrounding autism invite us to take up and clarify the fundamental theoretical issues involved: how can we understand the co-humanity and the specificity of persons with autism? First, the symbolic productions of an 8-year-old child make it possible to demonstrate the impact of the specificities of sensorial treatment on autistic experience. We then propose elements of theoretico-practical dialogue with behaviorist conceptions of treatment for children with autism. So doing, we defend the idea of a necesiary therapeutical firmness in order to create a protective and stimulating framework. We also develop the idea that pragmatic adjustment to autistic functioning can be seriously improved with the possibility of making hypotheses about the personal experience of these children. In this way, we will show how one of Freud's very early texts proposes interpretive keys to understanding the development and mirror functioning of persons with autism. C1 [Schwab, Emmanuel] Univ Neuchatel, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Schwab, Emmanuel] EFPP, Serv Psychol Enfants & Adolescents Bienne, Basel, Switzerland. RP Schwab, E (reprint author), Rue Grenier 22, CH-2300 La Chaux De Fonds, Switzerland. EM emmanuel.schwab@yahoo.fr CR Amy M.-D., 2009, COMMENT AIDER ENFANT Aristote, 1980, POETIQUE Aulagnier P., 1975, VIOLENCE INTERPRETAT BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bazan A., 2007, HYPOTHESE NEUROPSYCH Bleuler E., 1993, DEMENTIA PRAECOX GRO Boulanger-Balleyguier G., 1967, ENFANCE, V20, P91, DOI 10.3406/enfan.1967.2410 de Clercq H., 2013, AUTISME INTERIEUR GU Diatkine R., 1997, NOUVEAU TRAITE PSYCH, P1039 Droz R., 1997, LIRE PIAGET Freud S, 1969, VIE SEXUELLE, P139 Freud S., 2006, LETT W FLIESS 1887 1, P595 Freud S., 1967, ETUDES HYSTERIE Freud S., 2010, TECHNIQUE PSYCHANALY, P131 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Lacan J., 1949, REV FRANCAISE PSYCHA, V13, P449 Lansing M., 1991, AUTISME REEVALUATION, P542 Leaf R., 2006, AUTISME ABA PEDAGOGI Leaf R., 2008, BONNES MAUVAISES PRA MAURER D, 1976, CHILD DEV, V47, P523, DOI 10.2307/1128813 Meltzer D., 2002, EXPLORATIONS MONDE A Mottron L., 2004, AUTISME AUTRE INTELL Nadel J., 2002, ENFANCE, V54, P76 Peeters T., 2008, COMPREHENSION INTERV Ramachandran V., 2007, SCIENCE, P50 Ricks D., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI Schopler E., 2002, STRATEGIES ED AUTISM Schott K., 2013, VIVRE AUTISTE DEFICI Schwab E., 2011, CROIRE AVEC FREUD QU Stern D., 1989, MONDE INTERPERSONNEL Tustin F., 1989, TROU NOIR PSYCHE Varela F.J., 1989, AUTONOMIE CONNAISSAN Watson JB, 1913, PSYCHOL REV, V20, P158, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.248 Winnicott D. W., 1999, ENFANT PSYCHE CORPS, P258 Zalla T., 2009, PSYCHOSE LANGAGE ACT, P149 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI PARIS CEDEX 14 PA 6 AVENUE REILLE, 75685 PARIS CEDEX 14, FRANCE SN 0079-726X EI 2102-5320 J9 PSYCHIAT ENFANT JI Psychiatr. Enfant PY 2014 VL 57 IS 2 BP 465 EP 490 PG 26 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY7KZ UT WOS:000347740400004 ER PT J AU Verbeten, S AF Verbeten, Sharon TI Programming for Children and Teens with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO REFERENCE & USER SERVICES QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Verbeten, Sharon] Brown Cty Cent Lib, Green Bay, WI 54301 USA. RP Verbeten, S (reprint author), Brown Cty Cent Lib, Green Bay, WI 54301 USA. CR KLIPPER B, 2014, PROGRAMMING CHILDREN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 1094-9054 EI 2163-5242 J9 REF USER SERV Q JI Ref. User Serv. Q. PY 2014 VL 54 IS 1 BP 57 EP 57 DI 10.5860/rusq.54n1.57a PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA AZ5WJ UT WOS:000348288800020 ER PT J AU Astorga, ML AF Lopez Astorga, Miguel TI Can we avoid conditional perfection focusing antecedent or alternative antecedents are needed? SO REVISTA SIGNOS LA Spanish DT Article DE Biconditional; conditional perfection; Farr; focus; scalar conversational implicature ID AUTISM; BELIEF; LOGIC; IF AB Farr (2011) argues that conditional perfection occurs in scenarios with a focus on the antecedent of a conditional statement, and not when the focus is on the consequent of a statement of such a nature. This approach seems to contradict the thesis of scalar conversational implicature theory which sustains thatfor conditional perfection not to happen, it is necessary for conditional statements to have alternative antecedents to their consequents. In this paper, I analyze the experimental work by Farr (2011) and I argue that the methodology used in her research is not appropriate to support her assumptions, as it presents some problems that cause her conclusions to be questionable. We can continue to accept the thesis of scalar conversational implicature. Similarly, special emphasis is given to the idea that conditional perfection is a phenomenon that can explain why certain fallacies are frequently committed. C1 Univ Talca, Talca, Chile. RP Astorga, ML (reprint author), Univ Talca, Talca, Chile. 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Signos PY 2014 VL 47 IS 85 BP 267 EP 292 DI 10.4067/S0718-09342014000200006 PG 26 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA AZ9FL UT WOS:000348518400006 ER PT J AU Bradstreet, JJ Sych, N Antonucci, N Klunnik, M Ivankova, O Matyashchuk, I Demchuk, M Siniscalco, D AF Bradstreet, James Jeffiey Sych, Nataliia Antonucci, Nicola Klunnik, Mariya Ivankova, Olena Matyashchuk, Irina Demchuk, Mariya Siniscalco, Dario TI Efficacy of Fetal Stem Cell Transplantation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Open-Labeled Pilot Study SO CELL TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Fetal stem cells; Transplantation; Cell therapy; Biopharmacy ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; BONE-MARROW; CORD BLOOD; CHILDREN; ADULT AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are heterogeneous complex neurodevelopmental pathologies defined by behavioral symptoms, but which have well-characterized genetic, immunological, and physiological comorbidities. Despite extensive research efforts, there are presently no agreed upon therapeutic approaches for either the core behaviors or the associated comorbidities. In particular, the known autoimmune disorders associated with autism are appealing targets for potential stem cell therapeutics. Of the various stem cell populations, fetal stem cells (FSCs) offer the potent immunoregulatory functions found in primordial mesenchymal stem cells, while exhibiting rapid expansion capacity and recognized plasticity. These properties enhance their potential for clinical use. Furthermore, FSCs are potent and implantable "biopharmacies" capable of delivering trophic signals to the host, which could influence brain development. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of FSC transplantations in treating children diagnosed with ASDs. Subjects were monitored at pre, and then 6 and 12 months following the transplantations, which consisted of two doses of intravenously and subcutaneously administered FSCs. The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) test and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores were performed. Laboratory examinations and clinical assessment of adverse effects were performed in order to evaluate treatment safety. No adverse events of significance were observed in ASD children treated with FSCs, including no transmitted infections or immunological complications. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were shown on ATEC/ABC scores for the domains of speech, sociability, sensory, and overall health, as well as reductions in the total scores when compared to pretreatment values. We recognize that the use of FSCs remains controversial for the present. The results of this study, however, warrant additional investigations into the mechanisms of cell therapies for ASDs, while prompting the exploration of FSCs as "biopharmacies" capable of manufacturing the full array of cell-signaling chemistry. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation. C1 [Bradstreet, James Jeffiey] Int Child Dev Resource Ctr, Chateau Elan, GA USA. [Sych, Nataliia; Klunnik, Mariya; Ivankova, Olena; Matyashchuk, Irina; Demchuk, Mariya] Cell Therapy Ctr EmCell, Clin Dept, Kiev, Ukraine. [Antonucci, Nicola; Siniscalco, Dario] Biomed Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Bari, Italy. [Siniscalco, Dario] Ctr Autism La Forza Silenzio, Caserta, Italy. [Siniscalco, Dario] Cancellautismo Nonprofit Assoc Autism Care, Florence, Italy. RP Siniscalco, D (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Dept Expt Med, Via S Maria Costantinopoli 16, I-80138 Naples, Italy. 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D., 2007, IMMUNOPATHOL ALLERGO, V4, P38 Wang LM, 2013, STEM CELLS DEV, V22, P3192, DOI 10.1089/scd.2013.0023 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 PU COGNIZANT COMMUNICATION CORP PI PUTNAM VALLEY PA 18 PEEKSKILL HOLLOW RD, PO BOX 37, PUTNAM VALLEY, NY 10579 USA SN 0963-6897 EI 1555-3892 J9 CELL TRANSPLANT JI Cell Transplant. PY 2014 VL 23 SU 1 BP S105 EP S112 DI 10.3727/096368914X684916 PG 8 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA AY9KT UT WOS:000347869500012 PM 25302490 ER PT J AU Bokhari, R Alabdulaaly, M AlSaleh, G Ateeq, K Guerrero, A AF Bokhari, R. Alabdulaaly, M. AlSaleh, G. Ateeq, K. Guerrero, A. TI PARENTS' EXPERIENCE ABOUT AUTISM ON YOUTUBE VIDEOS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bokhari, R.; Alabdulaaly, M.; AlSaleh, G.; Ateeq, K.] King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Guerrero, A.] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0014 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700004 ER PT J AU Celedova, L Cevela, R AF Celedova, L. Cevela, R. TI EXPERIENCE WITH PERSONALISED MEDICINE WITH RESPECT TO DISABILITY ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM AUTISM SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Medical Assessment Service; autism; disability C1 [Celedova, L.; Cevela, R.] Minist Labour & Social Affairs, Med Assessment Serv, Prague 2, Czech Republic. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0642 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700486 ER PT J AU Dern, S Sappok, T AF Dern, S. Sappok, T. TI BARRIERS TO HEALTH CARE FOR PEOPLE ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM ACROSS ALL LEVELS OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dern, S.] Aspies eV, Berlin, Germany. [Sappok, T.] Ev Krankenhaus Konigin Elisabeth Herzberge, Dept Psychiat, Berlin, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0361 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700258 ER PT J AU Downs, J Hotopf, M Jackson, RG Shetty, H Ford, T Stewart, R Hayes, RD AF Downs, J. Hotopf, M. Jackson, R. G. Shetty, H. Ford, T. Stewart, R. Hayes, R. D. TI PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION USE IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Downs, J.; Hotopf, M.; Jackson, R. G.; Stewart, R.; Hayes, R. D.] Kings Coll London, London, England. [Shetty, H.] South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, BRC Nucleus, London, England. [Ford, T.] Univ Exeter, Sch Med, Inst Hlth Serv Res, Exeter, Devon, England. RI Stewart, Robert/B-1667-2010 OI Stewart, Robert/0000-0002-4435-6397 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-1395 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280701178 ER PT J AU Gebhardt, E Mazzetta, A Giorgini, L Cantini, A Petrucci, M Raballo, A Polese, D AF Gebhardt, E. Mazzetta, A. Giorgini, L. Cantini, A. Petrucci, M. Raballo, A. Polese, D. TI SCHIZOPHRENIC AUTISM AS AN EXPRESSION OF "ANNULMENT DRIVE" RELATED TO THE LOSS OF THE ORIGINAL VITALITY SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gebhardt, E.; Giorgini, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Gebhardt, E.; Giorgini, L.] Studio Rosso, Rome, Italy. [Mazzetta, A.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Mental Hlth, Rome, Italy. [Cantini, A.] Publ ASL RMD, Mental Hlth Dept, Rome, Italy. [Cantini, A.] Studio Cairoli, Rome, Italy. [Petrucci, M.] Christophbad Klin, Gottingen, Germany. [Raballo, A.] Publ ASL Reggio Emilia, Dept Mental Hlth, Reggio Emilia, Italy. [Polese, D.] Univ Napoli Federico II Napoli, Dept Neurosci, Funct Area Psychiat, Residency Program Psychiat, Rome, Italy. [Polese, D.] Studio Cairoli Roma, Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-1691 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280701408 ER PT J AU Lio, FMS Petrosino, B Aguglia, E AF Lio, F. Magnano San Petrosino, B. Aguglia, E. TI HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM AND ASPERGER'S SYNDROME IN ADULTS: STILL AN OPEN QUESTION IN DSM-5 SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lio, F. Magnano San; Petrosino, B.; Aguglia, E.] Univ Catania, UOPI Psychiat, Catania, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-1755 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280701459 ER PT J AU Martsenkovskyi, D AF Martsenkovskyi, D. TI HIGH FUNCTIONAL AUTISM AS PREDICTOR OF BULLYING AND SUICIDAL RISK IN UKRAINIAN SCHOOLS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Martsenkovskyi, D.] Natl Med Univ OO Bogomoltsa, Kiev, Ukraine. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-1171 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280701002 ER PT J AU McCarthy, J Underwood, L Tsakanikos, E Craig, T Howlin, P Bouras, N AF McCarthy, J. Underwood, L. Tsakanikos, E. Craig, T. Howlin, P. Bouras, N. TI PREDICTORS OF CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR AMONG MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE USERS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McCarthy, J.; Underwood, L.; Craig, T.; Howlin, P.] Kings Coll London, London, England. [Tsakanikos, E.] Roehampton Univ, London, England. [Bouras, N.] Kings Coll London, HSPR, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0297 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700211 ER PT J AU Sizoo, B Horwitz, E AF Sizoo, B. Horwitz, E. TI ASSESSMENT OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE RAADS-R AND TWO ABRIDGED VERSIONS OF THE AUTISM SPECTRUM QUOTIENT (AQ-10 AND AQ-28) IN A DUTCH ADULT OUTPATIENT POPULATION SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sizoo, B.] Dimence, Ctr Dev Disorders, Deventer, Netherlands. [Horwitz, E.] Univ Groningen Hosp, Groningen, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0548 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700411 ER PT J AU Sizoo, B Glas, G Kuiper, E AF Sizoo, B. Glas, G. Kuiper, E. TI MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION (MBSR) AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) FOR ADULTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) - PRELIMINARY RESULTS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sizoo, B.; Glas, G.; Kuiper, E.] Dimence, Ctr Dev Disorders, Deventer, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0133 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700076 ER PT J AU Szabu, MK Szokolszky, A AF Szabu, M. Kekes Szokolszky, A. TI PATTERNS OF OBJECT PLAY IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) AND IN TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT (TD). A CASE STUDY SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Szabu, M. Kekes; Szokolszky, A.] Univ Szeged, Inst Psychol, Szeged, Hungary. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-1121 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700860 ER PT J AU Szabu, MK AF Szabu, M. Kekes TI SENSORY-PERCEPTUAL EXPERIENCES AND OBJECT PLAY IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Szabu, M. Kekes] Univ Szeged, Inst Psychol, Szeged, Hungary. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0996 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700764 ER PT J AU Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P AF Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P. TI GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AUTISM SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P.] Ctr Dev Disorders, Dimence, Zwolle, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 EI 1778-3585 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA EPA-0375 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AY0IO UT WOS:000347280700270 ER PT J AU Akins, RS Krakowiak, P Angkustsiri, K Hertz-Picciotto, I Hansen, RL AF Akins, Roger S. Krakowiak, Paula Angkustsiri, Kathleen Hertz-Picciotto, Irva Hansen, Robin L. TI Utilization Patterns of Conventional and Complementary/Alternative Treatments in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Developmental Disabilities in a Population-Based Study SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; developmental delay; complementary and alternative medicine; gluten-free; casein-free diet; chelation; dietary supplements ID PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATION USE; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; CEREBRAL-PALSY; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; THERAPIES; FAMILIES; STATE AB Objective: To compare the utilization of conventional treatments and utilization of complementary and alternative medicine in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD). Methods: Participants were 578 children who were part of an ongoing population-based, case-control study of 2- to 5-year olds with ASD, DD, and the general population. Parents completed an interview on past and current services. Results: Four hundred fifty-three children with ASD and 125 DD children were included. ASD families received more hours of conventional services compared with DD families (17.8 vs 11; p < .001). The use of psychotropic medications was low in both groups (approximately 3%). Overall, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use was not significantly different in ASD (39%) versus DD (30%). Hispanic families in both groups used CAM less often than non-Hispanic families. Variables such as level of function, immunization status, and the presence of an identified neurogenetic disorder were not predictive of CAM use. A higher level of parental education was associated with an increased CAM use in ASD and DD. Families who used >20 hours per week of conventional services were more likely to use CAM, including potentially unsafe or disproven CAM. Underimmunized children were marginally more likely to use CAM but not more likely to have received potentially unsafe or disproven CAM. Conclusion: Use of CAM is common in families of young children with neurodevelopmental disorders, and it is predicted by higher parental education and non-Hispanic ethnicity but not developmental characteristics. Further research should address how health care providers can support families in making decisions about CAM use. C1 [Akins, Roger S.; Angkustsiri, Kathleen; Hansen, Robin L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Akins, Roger S.; Krakowiak, Paula; Angkustsiri, Kathleen; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Hansen, Robin L.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Med Invest Neurodev Disorders Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Akins, Roger S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Krakowiak, Paula] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Krakowiak, Paula] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hansen, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM robin.hansen@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES015359, P01 ES11269]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [R833292, R829388]; UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis FX Supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES015359, P01 ES11269), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (R833292 and R829388), and the UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2008 Principal Investigators Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, MMWR SURVEILL SUMM, V61, P1 Birdee GS, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, P249, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-1406 Buie T, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, pS1, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-1878C Capata M, 2012, PEDIATRICS Eisenberg DM, 1998, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V280, P1569, DOI 10.1001/jama.280.18.1569 Golnik AE, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P996, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0714-7 Hanson E, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P628, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0192-0 Harrington JW, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, pS156, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00014 Hertz-Picciotto I, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, P1119, DOI 10.1289/ehp.8483 Huffman LC, 2011, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V32, P56, DOI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182040acf Jewell NP, 2004, STAT EPIDEMIOLOGY Johnson CP, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1183, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 Kemper KJ, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V122, P1374, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-2173 Kuwaik GA, 2012, AUTISM, DOI 10.1177/1362361312459111 Le Couteur A., 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN Levy SE, 2005, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V11, P131, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20062 Levy SE, 2010, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V31, P267, DOI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181d5d03b Levy SE, 2003, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V24, P418, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200312000-00003 Levy SE, 2003, PEDIATR ANN, V32, P685 Liptak GS, 2005, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V11, P156, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20066 Lord C, 2001, PSYCHOL SERVICES Mandell DS, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V121, pE441, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-0984 Matson JL, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P341, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.004 McDonagh MS, 2007, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V49, P942 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY Myers SM, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1162, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2362 National Autism Center, 2009, NAT AUT CTR NAT STAN National Research Council, 2001, ED CHILDR AUT Nickel RE, 2001, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V14, P67 Perrin James M, 2012, Pediatrics, V130 Suppl 2, pS77, DOI 10.1542/peds.2012-0900E Posey DJ, 2006, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V16, P181, DOI 10.1089/cap.2006.16.181 Prussing E, 2004, AMBUL PEDIATR, V4, P488, DOI 10.1367/A03-0368R1.1 Risi S, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P1094, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000227880.42780.0e Rogers SJ, 2008, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC, V37, P8, DOI 10.1080/15374410701817808 Rosenberg RE, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P342, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0878-1 Rosenberg RE, 2013, CLIN PEDIATR, V52, P871, DOI 10.1177/0009922812438435 Rubin DM, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V124, pE305, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-3713 Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Wong HHL, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P901, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0131-0 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0196-206X EI 1536-7312 J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA AZ4WQ UT WOS:000348221600001 PM 24399100 ER PT J AU Di Pietro, NC Illes, J AF Di Pietro, Nina C. Illes, Judy TI Disparities in Canadian Indigenous Health Research on Neurodevelopmental Disorders SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorder; fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; cerebral palsy; aboriginal health; neuroethics ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ABORIGINAL PEOPLES; CHILDREN; MANITOBA; AUTISM; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB Objective: To map the landscape of research on autism (ASD), cerebral palsy (CP), and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Canadian Aboriginal children. Method: The authors used a detailed search strategy to identify and access publications on ASD, CP, and FASD involving Canadian Aboriginal children, families, and communities from online databases. They analyzed these materials for the type of research, stated objectives, methodologies, and the level of engagement of Aboriginal Peoples. Results: The authors found a total of 52 reports published since 1981 relevant to Aboriginal children. Of these, 51 focused exclusively on FASD. They also found a near-complete failure to acknowledge community involvement in research decisions or dissemination of results in any of the publications. Conclusions: The focus on FASD in Aboriginal children and the absence of research on the other 2 major childhood disorders are at odds with rates of these disorders across Canadian children. The authors argue that this trend violates fundamental principles ensuring equitable representation of all children regardless of background in research and access to benefits of research in health care and perpetuates stigma in an already marginalized population. C1 [Di Pietro, Nina C.; Illes, Judy] Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Natl Core Neuroeth, Div Neurol, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Di Pietro, Nina C.; Illes, Judy] Univ British Columbia, NeuroDevNet Inc, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Illes, J (reprint author), Univ British Columbia Hosp, Natl Core Neuroeth Koerner Pavil, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada. EM jilles@mail.ubc.ca FU NeuroDevNet, Inc. FX We wish to thank NeuroDevNet, Inc. for its generous support of this work. We wish to thank our NeuroDevNet collaborators, Jennifer Mackie, Dr. Richard Vedan, Vera Khramova, and other colleagues at the National Core for Neuroethics for discussions and assistance during the preparation of this article. 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Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA AZ4WQ UT WOS:000348221600011 PM 24356498 ER PT J AU Sakai, C Miller, K AF Sakai, Christina Miller, Karen TI Challenges of Autism in the Inpatient Setting SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB CASE: Julie is a 4-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who presented to the emergency room with severe unilateral hip pain and limping. Initial evaluation indicated increased inflammatory markers and blasts on a blood smear. A bone marrow biopsy revealed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and Julie was admitted for induction chemotherapy. Julie was diagnosed with ASD 1 year before this presentation. Her parents, who had immigrated to the United States from China before her birth, indicated that it took them some time to accept the diagnosis of ASD but they were feeling more confident in addressing her behavior challenges and comfortable with the progress she had been making. They now expressed concerns about the possible loss of services in the setting of her hospitalization. At the time of diagnosis, Julie had been receiving in-home behavioral therapy (applied behavioral analysis), speech therapy, and occupational therapy at a hospital-based center. In addition, she had an individualized education plan and was enrolled in a specialized preschool classroom for children with ASD. As Julie's hospital stay became more prolonged, her medical care team started reporting more challenges communicating with Julie without the presence of 1 of her parents, difficulty conducting routine care (e.g., obtaining vitals), sleep disruption, and safety concerns (e.g., Julie would frequently climb on the window sill increasing her fall risk). As her primary care clinician, you are called by the hospital team to help bridge the communication and behavioral divide that has widened-what would you do next? (J Dev Behav Pediatr 35: 82-84, 2014) C1 [Sakai, Christina] Floating Hosp Children, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Miller, Karen] Boston Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. RP Sakai, C (reprint author), Floating Hosp Children, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02116 USA. CR Gurney JG, 2006, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V160, P825, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.160.8.825 Kopecky K, 2013, CLIN PEDIATR, V52, P652, DOI 10.1177/0009922813485974 Lokhandwala T, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P95, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1217-x Pratt K, 2012, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V38, P789, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01335.x NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0196-206X EI 1536-7312 J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA AZ4WQ UT WOS:000348221600012 PM 24399104 ER PT J AU Brussa, AK AF Brussa, Ana K. TI Challenges of Autism in the Inpatient Setting SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Floating Hosp Children, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02116 USA. RP Brussa, AK (reprint author), Floating Hosp Children, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02116 USA. CR Kopecky K, 2013, CLIN PEDIATR, V52, P652, DOI 10.1177/0009922813485974 Lane AE, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P112, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0840-2 Liu T, 2013, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V116, P197, DOI 10.2466/10.25.PMS.116.1.197-209 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0196-206X EI 1536-7312 J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA AZ4WQ UT WOS:000348221600013 ER PT J AU MacPherson, C AF MacPherson, Cathy TI Challenges of Autism in the Inpatient Setting SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Floating Hosp Children, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02116 USA. RP MacPherson, C (reprint author), Floating Hosp Children, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02116 USA. CR Scarpinato N, 2010, J SPEC PEDIATR NURS, V15, P244, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2010.00244.x NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0196-206X EI 1536-7312 J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA AZ4WQ UT WOS:000348221600014 ER PT J AU Augustyn, M AF Augustyn, Marilyn TI Challenges of Autism in the Inpatient Setting SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Boston Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Augustyn, M (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. CR Bekhet Abir K, 2012, Issues Ment Health Nurs, V33, P650 Zand DH, 2013, J PEDS NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0196-206X EI 1536-7312 J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA AZ4WQ UT WOS:000348221600015 ER PT J AU Rajaprakash, M Chakravarty, MM Lerch, JP Rovet, J AF Rajaprakash, Meghna Chakravarty, M. Mallar Lerch, Jason P. Rovet, Joanne TI Cortical morphology in children with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder SO BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE ARND; cortical thickness; MRI; surface area ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VISUAL-ATTENTION; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; MRI DATA; FETAL; BRAIN AB Introduction: It is well established that individuals exposed to alcohol in utero have reduced cortical grey matter volumes. However, the candidate determinants of these reductions, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), have not been investigated exclusively in alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), the most prevalent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder subgroup that lacks the characteristic facial dysmorphology. Methods: T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 88 participants (8-16 years), 36 diagnosed with ARND and 52 typically developing controls. Scans were submitted to the CIVET pipeline (version 1.1.10). Deformable models were used to construct the inner white matter surfaces and pial surfaces from which CT and SA measures were derived. Group differences in cortical volume, CT, and SA were computed using a general linear model covaried for age, sex, and handedness. Results: Global cortical volume reductions in ARND did not reflect CT, which did not differ between groups. Instead, volume decreases were consistent with global SA reductions in bilateral frontal and temporal as well as right occipital regions. Local reductions in SA were observed in the right superior temporal gyrus and the right occipital-temporal region. Conclusion: Results suggest that in ARND, prenatal alcohol exposure perturbs global SA to a greater degree than CT, particularly in the right temporal lobe. C1 [Rajaprakash, Meghna; Lerch, Jason P.; Rovet, Joanne] Hosp Sick Children, Neurosci & Mental Hlth Program, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Rajaprakash, Meghna; Rovet, Joanne] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Res Imaging Ctr, Kimel Family Imaging Genet Res Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lerch, Jason P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Rovet, J (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Neurosci & Mental Hlth Program, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM joanne.rovet@sickkids.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [200810MOP-203919, 101009MOP-229653, NET-54014]; Hospital for Sick Children RESTRACOMP studentship FX This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (200810MOP-203919, 101009MOP-229653, and NET-54014); Hospital for Sick Children RESTRACOMP studentship. 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This class of compounds holds promise for the treatment of CNS disorders such as major depression, cognitive deficits and sleep-wake disorders, and several pharmaceutical companies are advancing mGluRII antagonists from discovery research into clinical development. Area covered: This review article covers for the first time the patent applications that were published on mGlu2/3 orthosteric and allosteric antagonists between January 2005 and September 2014, with support from the primary literature, posters and oral communications from international congresses. Patent applications published prior to 2005 for which compositions of matter were largely described in peer review articles are briefly discussed with main findings. Expert opinion: Recent advances in the prodrug approach of novel mGlu2/3 orthosteric antagonists combined with the design of novel mGlu2/3 and mGlu2 negative allosteric modulators provide new therapeutic opportunities for neurologic and psychiatric disorders. 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PY 2014 VL 36 IS 3 BP 303 EP 322 DI 10.1163/15736121-12341292 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Religion SC Psychology; Religion GA AW4BJ UT WOS:000346226200002 ER PT J AU Lefter, R Cojocaru, D Ciobica, A Paulet, IM Serban, IL Anton, E AF Lefter, Radu Cojocaru, Dumitru Ciobica, Alin Paulet, Ioan Manuel Serban, Ionela Lacramioara Anton, Emil TI ASPECTS OF ANIMAL MODELS FOR MAJOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS SO ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE animal models; neuropsychiatric disorders ID OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS; INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; RAT; BRAIN; SYSTEM; DEPRESSION; PHENCYCLIDINE; ANTAGONIZES AB We will review the main animal models for the major neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety and autism. Although these mental disorders are specifically human pathologies and therefore impossible to perfectly replicate in animals, the use of experimental animals is based on the physiological and anatomical similarities between humans and animals such as the rat, and mouse, and on the fact that 99% of human and murine genomes are shared. Pathological conditions in animals can be assessed by manipulating the metabolism of neurotransmitters, through various behavioral tests, and by determining biochemical parameters that can serve as important markers of disorders. C1 [Lefter, Radu; Cojocaru, Dumitru; Ciobica, Alin; Paulet, Ioan Manuel] Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Iasi 700506, Romania. [Cojocaru, Dumitru] Acad Romana, Ctr Biomed Res, Iasi Branch, Bucharest, Romania. [Serban, Ionela Lacramioara; Anton, Emil] Gr T Popa Univ Med & Pharm, Iasi 700115, Romania. RP Lefter, R (reprint author), Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Bd Carol 1,11, Iasi 700506, Romania. 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Biol. Sci. PY 2014 VL 66 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1115 DI 10.2298/ABS1403105L PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AW7YG UT WOS:000346476900019 ER PT J AU Sahlin, E Gustavsson, P Lieden, A Papadogiannakis, N Bjareborn, L Pettersson, K Nordenskjold, M Iwarsson, E AF Sahlin, Ellika Gustavsson, Peter Lieden, Agne Papadogiannakis, Nikos Bjareborn, Linus Pettersson, Karin Nordenskjold, Magnus Iwarsson, Erik TI Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis in Stillbirth: Results from 481 Consecutive Cases SO FETAL DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY LA English DT Article DE Chromosomal abnormalities; Comparative genomic hybridization; Cytogenetics; Fetal karyotype; Intrauterine death; Maternal age; Quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; MATERNAL AGE; RISK; PREGNANCY; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; RECURRENCE; MICROARRAY; AUTISM; DEATH AB Introduction: The underlying causes of stillbirth are heterogeneous and in many cases unexplained. Our aim was to conclude clinical results from karyotype and quantitative fluorescence-polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) analysis of all stillbirths occurring in Stockholm County between 2008 and 2012. By screening a subset of cases, we aimed to study the possible benefits of chromosomal microarray (CMA) in the analysis of the etiology of stillbirth. Methods: During 2008-2012, 481 stillbirths in Stockholm County were investigated according to a clinical protocol including karyotype or QF-PCR analysis. CMA screening was performed on a subset of 90 cases, corresponding to all stillbirths from 2010 without a genetic diagnosis. Results: Chromosomal aberrations were detected by karyotype or QF-PCR analysis in 7.5% of the stillbirths. CMA analysis additionally identified two known syndromes, one aberration disrupting a known disease gene, and 26 variants of unknown significance. Furthermore, CMA had a significantly higher success rate than karyotyping (100 vs. 80%, p < 0.001). Discussion: In the analysis of stillbirth, conventional karyotyping is prone to failure, and QF-PCR is a useful complement. We show that CMA has a higher success rate and aberration detection frequency than these methods, and conclude that CMA is a valuable tool for identification of chromosomal aberrations in stillbirth. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Sahlin, Ellika; Gustavsson, Peter; Lieden, Agne; Bjareborn, Linus; Nordenskjold, Magnus; Iwarsson, Erik] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sahlin, Ellika; Gustavsson, Peter; Lieden, Agne; Bjareborn, Linus; Nordenskjold, Magnus; Iwarsson, Erik] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Ctr Mol Med, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. [Papadogiannakis, Nikos] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Ctr Perinatal Pathol, Huddinge, Sweden. [Papadogiannakis, Nikos] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Huddinge, Sweden. [Pettersson, Karin] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Huddinge, Sweden. [Pettersson, Karin] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Sahlin, E (reprint author), Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, CMM L8 02, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. EM ellika.sahlin@ki.se FU Swedish Research Council and Stockholm County Council FX We are grateful for the financial support with grants from The Swedish Research Council and Stockholm County Council. 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Advances in neuroimaging in the last 10 years have led to the rise of the field of social neuroscience, which has markedly increased the understanding of the neurophysiological/neuroanatomical and neurochemical nature of ToM functioning and deficits in typically developing individuals and in children and adults with a variety of social and communication impairments. Objective: The goal of this paper is to (a) describe the current concepts of ToM based on neuroscience research, and (b) present a framework for the dimensions of ToM that have been identified, which can be used to guide assessment and intervention for persons with deficits in ToM that affect social interactions. Summary: This article presents neuroscience research that has documented the neurophysiological/neuroanatomical bases for cognitive and affective ToM and interpersonal and intrapersonal ToM as well as neurochemical and epigenetic influences on ToM. 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PY 2014 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1159/000362877 PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation GA AW4FT UT WOS:000346237400002 PM 25472788 ER PT J AU Vogindroukas, I Chelas, EN Petridis, NE AF Vogindroukas, Ioannis Chelas, Evripidis-Nikolaos Petridis, Nikolaos E. TI Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Children's Version): A Comparison Study between Children with Typical Development, Children with High-Functioning Autism and Typically Developed Adults SO FOLIA PHONIATRICA ET LOGOPAEDICA LA English DT Article DE Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; Children; Autism; high-functioning; Typical development ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INDIVIDUALS; LANGUAGE AB Background/Aims: One of psychology's challenges is to develop and evaluate sensitive tests in the area of social cognition. Yet, there are few available scales that can measure mild deficits in social understanding, especially for typically developing (TD) populations. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (children's version) was translated and adapted for use in the Greek language [RMET-G (child)]. The aim of this study was to examine in the Greek language the qualitative and quantitative differences between TD youngsters and those with high-functioning autism (HFA), as well as the difference between TD children and TD adults. Methods: An interview-based psychometric study was conducted. Participants completed the RMET-G (child), constituting 3 groups: TD children older than 8 years, children with HFA and TD adults. Results: 103 participants completed the study. The results demonstrated that TD adults scored slightly higher than TD children, and children with HFA scored lower than their TD peers. Children with HFA, however, were able to recognize many of the pictures shown in the test. Conclusion: The results of this study, which were the first to be conducted in the Greek language, confirm findings of other studies in the literature conducted with the RMET in the English language. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Vogindroukas, Ioannis; Chelas, Evripidis-Nikolaos; Petridis, Nikolaos E.] Psychiat Hosp Thessaloniki, Medicopedag Ctr Northern Greece, GR-54627 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Vogindroukas, I (reprint author), Psychiat Hosp Thessaloniki, Medicopedag Ctr Northern Greece, Giannitson 52, GR-54627 Thessaloniki, Greece. 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Logop. PY 2014 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1159/000363697 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation GA AW4FT UT WOS:000346237400003 PM 25472789 ER PT J AU Segal, O Kaplan, D Patael, S Kishon-Rabin, L AF Segal, Osnat Kaplan, Dafna Patael, Smadar Kishon-Rabin, Liat TI Judging Emotions in Lexical-Prosodic Congruent and Incongruent Speech Stimuli by Adolescents in the Autism Spectrum SO FOLIA PHONIATRICA ET LOGOPAEDICA LA English DT Article DE Emotions; Speech stimuli; Autism spectrum ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; DISORDERS; ADULTS; VOICE; MIND; RECOGNITION; ABILITIES AB Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess how adolescents with autism who vary in the severity of autistic characteristics judge the emotional state of the speaker when lexical and prosodic information is congruent or incongruent. Participants: Eighty participants, 24 autistic and 56 typically developing (TD) subjects participated: (a) 11 autistic adolescents between 9.5 and 16.83 years old, studying at general education settings (AA1), (b) 13 autistic adolescents between 15.91 and 20.33 years old, studying at a special school (AA2), and (c) 56 TD subjects between 6 and 29 years old. Listeners were required to judge the emotional meaning of words (sad/happy) in congruent conditions and incongruent conditions. Results: (a) All participants judged lexical and prosodic meaning separately with high accuracy, (b) all participants showed prolonged reaction times in the incongruent compared to the congruent condition, (c) AA1 relied on prosodic information in the incongruent condition similarly to TD 9-15 year olds and TD adults, (d) AA2 and TD 6-8 year olds did not rely on prosodic information in the incongruent condition, and (e) both education placements, the severity of autistic characteristics and nonverbal IQ contributed to prosodic judgment in the incongruent condition in autistic adolescents. Conclusions: The two groups of autistic adolescents processed both lexical and prosodic information in the incongruent condition. However, the severity of autistic characteristics influenced the preference for prosody. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Segal, Osnat; Kaplan, Dafna; Patael, Smadar; Kishon-Rabin, Liat] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Dept Commun Disorders, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Segal, O (reprint author), 7b Zelig Bas, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. EM segalll@netvision.net.il FU Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the ASD students and the staff at 'Gil' school for their support and participation in this study. We would also like to thank Adi Luber, Einat Beeri and Rommi Gan undergraduate and graduate students at the Department of Communication Disorders, Tel Aviv University, for their assistance with stimulus preparation and data collection, and Mrs. Esther Shabtai for assistance with the statistical analysis. This study was supported by the Fanny Fannister Award from the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University. 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Logop. PY 2014 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1159/000363739 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation GA AW4FT UT WOS:000346237400004 PM 25472790 ER PT J AU Forni, D Pozzoli, U Cagliani, R Tresoldi, C Menozzi, G Riva, S Guerini, FR Comi, GP Bolognesi, E Bresolin, N Clerici, M Sironi, M AF Forni, Diego Pozzoli, Uberto Cagliani, Rachele Tresoldi, Claudia Menozzi, Giorgia Riva, Stefania Guerini, Franca R. Comi, Giacomo P. Bolognesi, Elisabetta Bresolin, Nereo Clerici, Mario Sironi, Manuela TI Genetic adaptation of the human circadian clock to day-length latitudinal variations and relevance for affective disorders SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; CELL-LINE PANEL; HUMAN GENOME; POLYMORPHISM 5-HTTLPR; ALLELE FREQUENCY; DEPRESSION; SELECTION; POPULATION; LIGHT; PHOTOPERIOD AB Background: The temporal coordination of biological processes into daily cycles is a common feature of most living organisms. In humans, disruption of circadian rhythms is commonly observed in psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and autism. Light therapy is the most effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder and circadian-related treatments sustain antidepressant response in bipolar disorder patients. Day/night cycles represent a major circadian synchronizing signal and vary widely with latitude. Results: We apply a geographically explicit model to show that out-of-Africa migration, which led humans to occupy a wide latitudinal area, affected the evolutionary history of circadian regulatory genes. The SNPs we identify using this model display consistent signals of natural selection using tests based on population genetic differentiation and haplotype homozygosity. Signals of natural selection driven by annual photoperiod variation are detected for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and restless leg syndrome risk variants, in line with the circadian component of these conditions. Conclusions: Our results suggest that human populations adapted to life at different latitudes by tuning their circadian clock systems. This process also involves risk variants for neuropsychiatric conditions, suggesting possible genetic modulators for chronotherapies and candidates for interaction analysis with photoperiod-related environmental variables, such as season of birth, country of residence, shift-work or lifestyle habits. C1 [Forni, Diego; Pozzoli, Uberto; Cagliani, Rachele; Tresoldi, Claudia; Menozzi, Giorgia; Riva, Stefania; Bresolin, Nereo; Sironi, Manuela] Sci Inst IRCCS E Medea, I-23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy. [Guerini, Franca R.; Bolognesi, Elisabetta; Clerici, Mario] Don C Gnocchi Fdn ONLUS, IRCCS, I-20148 Milan, Italy. [Comi, Giacomo P.; Bresolin, Nereo] Univ Milan, Fdn Ca Granda IRCCS, Osped Maggiore Policlin, Dino Ferrari Ctr,Dept Physiopathol & Transplantat, I-20122 Milan, Italy. [Clerici, Mario] Univ Milan, Dept Physiopathol & Transplantat, I-20090 Milan, Italy. RP Sironi, M (reprint author), Sci Inst IRCCS E Medea, I-23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy. EM manuela.sironi@bp.lnf.it FU Doctorate School of Molecular Medicine, University of Milan, Italy FX DF is supported by a fellowship of the Doctorate School of Molecular Medicine, University of Milan, Italy. The Funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PY 2014 VL 15 IS 10 AR 499 DI 10.1186/s13059-014-0499-7 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AW9WH UT WOS:000346605500021 PM 25358694 ER PT J AU Bruce, KM Rrobinson, S Smith, JA Yelland, GW AF Bruce, Kathryn M. Rrobinson, Stephen Smith, Julian A. Yelland, Gregory W. TI Validity of a screening tool for detecting subtle cognitive impairment in the middle-aged and elderly SO CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS IN AGING LA English DT Article DE aging; mild cognitive impairment; neuropsychological test; Subtle Cognitive Impairment Test; validation; reliability ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BRAIN-INJURY; TEST BATTERY; RELIABILITY; MEMORY; TESTS; INDIVIDUALS; DECLINE; COMPLEX AB The present study tested 121 middle-aged and elderly community- dwelling individuals on the computer- based Subtle Cognitive Impairment Test (SCIT) and compared their performance with that on several neuropsychological tests. The SCIT had excellent internal consistency, as demonstrated by a high split-half reliability measure (0.88-0.93). Performance on the SCIT was unaffected by the confounding factors of sex, education level, and mood state. Many participants demonstrated impaired performance on one or more of the neuropsychological tests (Controlled Oral Word Association Task, Rey Auditory and Verbal Learning Task, Grooved Pegboard [GP], Complex Figures). Performance on SCIT subtests correlated significantly with performance on many of the neuropsychological subtests, and the best and worst performing quartiles on the SCIT subtest discriminated between good and poor performers on other subtests, collectively indicating concurrent validity of the SCIT. Principal components analysis indicated that SCIT performance does not cluster with performance on most of the other cognitive tests, and instead is associated with decision-making efficacy, and processing speed and efficiency. Thus, the SCIT is responsive to the processes that underpin multiple cognitive domains, rather than being specific for a single domain. Since the SCIT is quick and easy to administer, and is well tolerated by the elderly, it may have utility as a screening tool for detecting cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly populations. C1 [Bruce, Kathryn M.; Smith, Julian A.] Monash Univ, Dept Surg MMC, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Rrobinson, Stephen; Yelland, Gregory W.] RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Yelland, Gregory W.] Monash Univ, Alfred Hlth, Cent Clin Sch, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Yelland, GW (reprint author), RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, POB 71, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. EM greg.yelland@rmit.edu.au FU Australian Postgraduate Award; Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons FX The Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons supported this work. KB was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award. The authors thank the participants for generously giving their time to be involved in this study. 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PY 2014 VL 817 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4 PG 19 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BB7TN UT WOS:000345993500012 PM 24997036 ER PT S AU Rook, GAW Raison, CL Lowry, CA AF Rook, Graham A. W. Raison, Charles L. Lowry, Christopher A. BE Lyte, M Cryan, JF TI Microbiota, Immunoregulatory Old Friends and Psychiatric Disorders SO MICROBIAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: THE MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DENDRITIC CELL-FUNCTION; REGULATORY B-CELLS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; EARLY-LIFE STRESS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; GUT MICROBIOTA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-ALPHA AB Regulation of the immune system is an important function of the gut microbiota. Increasing evidence suggests that modern living conditions cause the gut microbiota to deviate from the form it took during human evolution. Contributing factors include loss of helminth infections, encountering less microbial biodiversity, and modulation of the microbiota composition by diet and antibiotic use. Thus the gut microbiota is a major mediator of the hygiene hypothesis (or as we prefer, "Old Friends" mechanism), which describes the role of organisms with which we co-evolved, and that needed to be tolerated, as crucial inducers of immuno-regulation. At least partly as a consequence of reduced exposure to immunoregulatory Old Friends, many but not all of which resided in the gut, high-income countries are undergoing large increases in a wide range of chronic inflammatory disorders including allergies, autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel diseases. Depression, anxiety and reduced stress resilience are comorbid with these conditions, or can occur in individuals with persistently raised circulating levels of biomarkers of inflammation in the absence of clinically apparent peripheral inflammatory disease. Moreover poorly regulated inflammation during pregnancy might contribute to brain developmental abnormalities that underlie some cases of autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. In this chapter we explain how the gut microbiota drives immunoregulation, how faulty immunoregulation and inflammation predispose to psychiatric disease, and how psychological stress drives further inflammation via pathways that involve the gut and microbiota. We also outline how this two-way relationship between the brain and inflammation implicates the microbiota, Old Friends and immunoregulation in the control of stress resilience. C1 [Rook, Graham A. W.] UCL, Ctr Clin Microbiol, London NW3 2PF, England. [Raison, Charles L.] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Tucson, AZ USA. [Raison, Charles L.] Univ Arizona, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lowry, Christopher A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lowry, Christopher A.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Neurosci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rook, GAW (reprint author), UCL, Ctr Clin Microbiol, Royal Free Campus,Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, England. 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PY 2014 VL 817 BP 319 EP 356 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4 PG 38 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BB7TN UT WOS:000345993500017 PM 24997041 ER PT S AU Borre, YE Moloney, RD Clarke, G Dinan, TG Cryan, JF AF Borre, Yuliya E. Moloney, Rachel D. Clarke, Gerard Dinan, Timothy G. Cryan, John F. BE Lyte, M Cryan, JF TI The Impact of Microbiota on Brain and Behavior: Mechanisms & Therapeutic Potential SO MICROBIAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: THE MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; POSTMYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEPRESSION; PROBIOTIC BIFIDOBACTERIUM-INFANTIS; GUT MICROBIOTA; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; MATERNAL SEPARATION; FECAL MICROBIOTA AB There is increasing evidence that host-microbe interactions play a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Alterations in gut microbial composition is associated with marked changes in behaviors relevant to mood, pain and cognition, establishing the critical importance of the bi-directional pathway of communication between the microbiota and the brain in health and disease. Dysfunction of the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been implicated in stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Bacterial colonization of the gut is central to postnatal development and maturation of key systems that have the capacity to influence central nervous system (CNS) programming and signaling, including the immune and endocrine systems. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that enteric microbiota plays a role in early programming and later response to acute and chronic stress. This view is supported by studies in germ-free mice and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotics. Although communication between gut microbiota and the CNS are not fully Delucidated, neural, hormonal, immune and metabolic pathways have been suggested. Thus, the concept of a microbiome-brain-gut axis is emerging, suggesting microbiota-modulating strategies may be a tractable therapeutic approach for developing novel treatments for CNS disorders. C1 [Borre, Yuliya E.; Moloney, Rachel D.; Clarke, Gerard] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Alimentary Pharmabiot Ctr, Lab NeuroGastroenterol, Cork, Ireland. [Moloney, Rachel D.; Clarke, Gerard; Dinan, Timothy G.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Psychiat, Cork, Ireland. [Cryan, John F.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Anat & Neurosci, Cork, Ireland. RP Cryan, JF (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Anat & Neurosci, Cork, Ireland. 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PY 2014 VL 817 BP 373 EP 403 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_17 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4 PG 31 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BB7TN UT WOS:000345993500019 PM 24997043 ER PT J AU Steinfeld, M Jalnapurkar, I Singh, K Leckliter, I Schneider, A Gunther, J Roa, D Solomon, M AF Steinfeld, M. Jalnapurkar, I Singh, K. Leckliter, I Schneider, A. Gunther, J. Roa, D. Solomon, M. TI CHANGE IN EXPRESSED EMOTION AS A MARKER FOR INTERVENTION EFFECTIVENESS IN PARENTS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 23-25, 2014 CL Carmel, CA SP Amer Federat Med Res C1 [Steinfeld, M.; Singh, K.; Leckliter, I; Schneider, A.; Gunther, J.; Roa, D.; Solomon, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA USA. [Jalnapurkar, I] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 EI 1708-8267 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 MA 89 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AH7AP UT WOS:000336284900102 ER PT J AU Shaw, CA Li, D Tomljenovic, L AF Shaw, Christopher A. Li, Dan Tomljenovic, Lucija TI Are there negative CNS impacts of aluminum adjuvants used in vaccines and immunotherapy? SO IMMUNOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE adjuvant; aluminum; autoimmunity; CNS; neurodegeneration; toxicity ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MACROPHAGIC MYOFASCIITIS; IN-VIVO; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; PRETERM INFANTS; RAT-BRAIN; NANOMOLAR ALUMINUM AB In spite of a common view that aluminum (Al) salts are inert and therefore harmless as vaccine adjuvants or in immunotherapy, the reality is quite different. In the following article we briefly review the literature on Al neurotoxicity and the use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and consider not only direct toxic actions on the nervous system, but also the potential impact for triggering autoimmunity. Autoimmune and inflammatory responses affecting the CNS appear to underlie some forms of neurological disease, including developmental disorders. Al has been demonstrated to impact the CNS at every level, including by changing gene expression. These outcomes should raise concerns about the increasing use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and for the application as more general immune stimulants. C1 [Shaw, Christopher A.; Li, Dan; Tomljenovic, Lucija] Neural Dynam Res Grp, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada. RP Shaw, CA (reprint author), Neural Dynam Res Grp, 828 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada. EM cashawlab@gmail.com FU Dwoskin Family Foundation; Kaitlyn Fox Foundation; estate of Luther Allyn Shourds Dean FX The present work was supported by the Dwoskin Family Foundation, the Kaitlyn Fox Foundation and the estate of Luther Allyn Shourds Dean. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. 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Holt, Daphne J. Keshavan, Matcheri S. Seidman, Larry J. Fonagy, Peter TI Mentalization-based Treatment for Psychosis: Linking an Attachment-based Model to the Psychotherapy for Impaired Mental State Understanding in People with Psychotic Disorders SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND RELATED SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MIND; AUTISM AB Disturbances of mentalization have been increasingly associated with the symptoms and functional impairment of people with psychotic disorders. It has been proposed that psychotherapy designed to foster self and other understanding, such as mentalization-based treatment (MBT), may play an important part in facilitating recovery from psychosis. Here, we present an attachment-based understanding of mentalization impairments. We then outline a neuropsychological model that links disruptions of mentalization associated with disturbances in the caregiving environment to the pathophysiology of psychosis in genetically at-risk individuals. This is followed by an illustration of some of the core MBT techniques for the rehabilitation of the capacity to mentalize as applied to the treatment of a patient with a psychotic disorder. C1 [Brent, Benjamin K.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Seidman, Larry J.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Brent, Benjamin K.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Seidman, Larry J.] Massachusetts Mental Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA 02139 USA. [Holt, Daphne J.; Seidman, Larry J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Brent, Benjamin K.; Holt, Daphne J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Seidman, Larry J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Fonagy, Peter] UCL, Psychoanal Unit, London, England. 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J. Psychiatr. Relat. Sci. PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AU5XY UT WOS:000345678000003 PM 24858631 ER PT J AU Hagner, D May, J Kurtz, A Cloutier, H AF Hagner, David May, Janet Kurtz, Alan Cloutier, Heidi TI Person-Centered Planning for Transition-Aged Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID VOCATIONAL-REHABILITATION; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES; DISABILITIES; COUNSELORS; INDIVIDUALS; SUPPORTS; STUDENTS; CHOICE; MODEL AB Person-centered planning is a process that can allow individuals with disabilities to participate more actively in their transition planning, and more active participation in planning is associated with more positive vocational rehabilitation outcomes. However, youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often face obstacles to participation in person-centered planning, including high levels of anxiety, difficulties with social interaction and communication. This study explores strategies and supports used to help transition-aged youth with ASD participate in person-centered transition planning meetings. Strategies facilitating participation included: (1) individualized preparation for meetings, (2) informal activities to build rapport between the planning facilitator and the youth, (3) flexible meeting designs, (4) distance attendance, and (5) support for alternative means of communication. The findings suggest that person-centered planning can be implemented for transition-aged youth across the autism spectrum as a tool for enhancing participation in transition planning. Implications for the use of this planning process by rehabilitation counselors involved in transition are discussed. C1 [Hagner, David; Cloutier, Heidi] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Disabil, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [May, Janet; Kurtz, Alan] Univ Maine, Ctr Community Inclus & Disabil Studies, Orono, ME 04469 USA. 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Rehabil. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AU8ZI UT WOS:000345881400001 ER PT J AU Schurgin, MW Nelson, J Iida, S Ohira, H Franconeri, SL Franconeri, SL AF Schurgin, M. W. Nelson, J. Iida, S. Ohira, H. Chiao, J. Y. Franconeri, S. L. TI Eye movements during emotion recognition in faces SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE face recognition; emotion; eye movements; attention; fixation ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; IMPAIRED RECOGNITION; AMYGDALA DAMAGE; PERCEPTION; FIXATIONS; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; GAZE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; STIMULI AB When distinguishing whether a face displays a certain emotion, some regions of the face may contain more useful information than others. Here we ask whether people differentially attend to distinct regions of a face when judging different emotions. Experiment 1 measured eye movements while participants discriminated between emotional (joy, anger, fear, sadness, shame, and disgust) and neutral facial expressions. Participant eye movements primarily fell in five distinct regions (eyes, upper nose, lower nose, upper lip, nasion). Distinct fixation patterns emerged for each emotion, such as a focus on the lips for joyful faces and a focus on the eyes for sad faces. These patterns were strongest for emotional faces but were still present when viewers sought evidence of emotion within neutral faces, indicating a goal-driven influence on eye-gaze patterns. Experiment 2 verified that these fixation patterns tended to reflect attention to the most diagnostic regions of the face for each emotion. Eye movements appear to follow both stimulus-driven and goal-driven perceptual strategies when decoding emotional information from a face. C1 [Schurgin, M. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nelson, J.] Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Iida, S.; Ohira, H.] Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Chiao, J. Y.; Franconeri, S. 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Vision PY 2014 VL 14 IS 13 AR 14 DI 10.1167/14.13.14 PG 16 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA AU7GH UT WOS:000345768300014 PM 25406159 ER PT J AU Nippold, MA AF Nippold, Marilyn A. TI Welcome to Volume 45! SO LANGUAGE SPEECH AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS LA English DT Editorial Material DE adolescents; autism; bilingualism; children; stuttering AB Purpose: In this column, the editor introduces readers to Volume 45 of Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Nippold, MA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 0161-1461 EI 1558-9129 J9 LANG SPEECH HEAR SER JI Lang. Speech Hear. Serv. Sch. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1044/2014_LSHSS-14-0005 PG 2 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5YT UT WOS:000345680100001 ER PT J AU Hughes, S AF Hughes, Stephanie TI Bullying: What Speech-Language Pathologists Should Know SO LANGUAGE SPEECH AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS LA English DT Article DE school bullying; relational bullying; peer relationships; social skills; intervention ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PEER VICTIMIZATION; SECONDARY-SCHOOL; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION; ASSOCIATIONS; ADOLESCENTS; STUTTER; CONSEQUENCES AB Purpose: The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to the broad issues surrounding the problem of school bullying in childhood and adolescence. Specifically, types of bullying and their causes are considered, as are the roles students take when bullying occurs and the effects of bullying on students with communication disorders. Strategies and suggestions to help SLPs more effectively prevent and manage bullying of students with communication disorders are discussed. Method: A review of the scholarly literature in education, psychology, child and adolescent development, and speech-language pathology was conducted. Recommendations for how SLPs can prevent and intervene in bullying incidences were extrapolated from the reviewed literature. Results: Students with communication disorders are at particularly high risk for being bullied by peers. Some students with communication disorders are "provocative victims" in that they demonstrate impairments in social skills that draw the attention of bullies. Both provocative victims and typical students may react aggressively when bullied and bully others in retaliation. Conclusion: SLPs can and should help to create an inclusive environment for all students while addressing bullying of students with communication disorders via therapeutic activities. 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PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1044/2013_LSHSS-13-0013 PG 11 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5YT UT WOS:000345680100002 PM 24687763 ER PT J AU Petersen, DB Brown, CL Ukrainetz, TA Wise, C Spencer, TD Zebre, J AF Petersen, Douglas B. Brown, Catherine L. Ukrainetz, Teresa A. Wise, Christine Spencer, Trina D. Zebre, Jennifer TI Systematic Individualized Narrative Language Intervention on the Personal Narratives of Children With Autism SO LANGUAGE SPEECH AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS LA English DT Article DE autism; intervention; language; school-based services; language disorders; efficacy; children ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; EXPRESSIVE ELABORATION; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; SPOKEN NARRATIVES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FAST FORWORD; COMMUNICATION; SKILLS; IMPAIRMENTS; STORIES AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an individualized, systematic language intervention on the personal narratives of children with autism. Method: A single-subject, multiple-baseline design across participants and behaviors was used to examine the effect of the intervention on language features of personal narratives. Three 6- to 8-year-old boys with autism participated in 12 individual intervention sessions that targeted 2-3 story grammar elements (e.g., problem, plan) and 3-4 linguistic complexity elements (e.g., causal subordination, adverbs) selected from each participant's baseline performance. Intervention involved repeated retellings of customized model narratives and the generation of personal narratives with a systematic reduction of visual and verbal scaffolding. Independent personal narratives generated at the end of each baseline, intervention, and maintenance session were analyzed for presence and sophistication of targeted features. Results: Graphical and statistical results showed immediate improvement in targeted language features as a function of intervention. There was mixed evidence of maintenance 2 and 7 weeks after intervention. Conclusion: Children with autism can benefit from an individualized, systematic intervention targeting specific narrative language features. Greater intensity of intervention may be needed to gain enduring effects for some language features. C1 [Petersen, Douglas B.; Brown, Catherine L.; Ukrainetz, Teresa A.; Wise, Christine; Zebre, Jennifer] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Spencer, Trina D.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Petersen, DB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. 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PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 1 BP 67 EP 86 DI 10.1044/2013_LSHSS-12-0099 PG 20 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5YT UT WOS:000345680100007 PM 24687768 ER PT J AU Freitas, LC Del Prette, ZAP AF Freitas, Lucas Cordeiro Pereira Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida TI Categories of Special Educational Needs as Predictors of Social Skills Deficits in Childhood SO PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Social skills; special educational needs; psychological assessment; statistical regression ID CRITERION VALIDITY; EARLY ADOLESCENCE; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; ADHD; COMPETENCE; ATTENTION; DISORDER; RISK AB This study verified the predictive force of 12 categories of special educational needs on the social skills repertoire of children: Autism, Hearing Impairment, Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Moderate Intellectual Disabilities, Visual Impairment, Phonological Disorder, Learning Disabilities, Giftedness and Talent, Externalizing Behavior Problems, Internalizing Behavior Problems, Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 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PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 658 EP 669 DI 10.1590/1678-7153.201427406 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AU4MN UT WOS:000345585400006 ER PT J AU Varanda, CD Fernandes, FDM AF Varanda, Cristina de Andrade Miranda Fernandes, Fernanda Dreux TI Syntactic Awareness: Correlations on the Autism Spectrum SO PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Autistic disorder; language development; evaluation; cognition ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB Ten subjects on the autism spectrum (ages ranging from 5 years and 7 months and 14 years and 8 months) were evaluated with the aim of detecting the existence of syntactic awareness and the role it plays in the patterns of language of these subjects. The existence of different language profiles was found through the Syntactic Awareness Test (adapted version). Four subgroups were detected: (a) inferior performance in the correction of ungrammatical sentences and of ungrammatical and non-semantic sentences; (b) inferior performance in the correction of ungrammatical and non-semantic sentences; (c) average performance in all subtests and above average in grammatical judgment; and (d) superior performance in all four subtests. These results are not generalizable for subjects with autism, but reveal evidence of failures in abilities that are present on the autism spectrum with the abilities required for the accomplishment of the tasks. C1 [Varanda, Cristina de Andrade; Miranda Fernandes, Fernanda Dreux] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05360160 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Varanda, CD (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Fisioterapia Fonoaudiol & Terapia Ocupac, Fac Med, Rua Cipotanea 51,Cidade Univ, BR-05360160 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 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PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 748 EP 758 DI 10.1590/1678-7153.201427415 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AU4MN UT WOS:000345585400015 ER PT J AU Rose, D Ashwood, P AF Rose, Destanie Ashwood, Paul TI Potential cytokine biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders SO BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorders; biomarkers; chemokines; cytokines; immune system; maternal immune system ID HISTORIC BIRTH COHORT; ELEVATED SERUM-LEVELS; GROWTH-FACTOR; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CHILDREN; ACTIVATION; PLASMA; SYMPTOMS; MARKERS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in three core behavioral areas. As prevalence rates for ASD continue to rise there is also increasing interest in finding biomarkers associated with ASD. The use of biomarkers could help identify those at risk for ASD or ASD-associated comorbid conditions and help to predict the developmental course of these children. Due to the heterogeneity of ASD, biomarkers may help to identify subpopulations within ASD that share similar traits or profiles. Such work could lead to specialized therapy and help to develop biomarkers whereby the benefits of treatments/therapies for individuals could be monitored over time and through clinical trials. Over the last 10 years, the evidence of immune involvement in ASD has been steadily growing and many investigators have begun to look at possible immune biomarkers, such as immune cytokine profiles, in children with ASD. C1 [Rose, Destanie; Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rose, Destanie; Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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Med. PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1171 EP 1181 DI 10.2217/BMM.14.39 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA AT9NC UT WOS:000345252900013 PM 25402586 ER PT J AU La Cognata, V Iemmolo, R D'Agata, V Scuderi, S Drago, F Zappia, M Cavallaro, S AF La Cognata, Valentina Iemmolo, Rosario D'Agata, Velia Scuderi, Soraya Drago, Filippo Zappia, Mario Cavallaro, Sebastiano TI Increasing the Coding Potential of Genomes Through Alternative Splicing: The Case of PARK2 Gene SO CURRENT GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Alternative splicing; mRNA; PARK2; Protein isoforms; Splice variants; Splice expression patterns ID RECESSIVE JUVENILE PARKINSONISM; MESSENGER-RNA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; HUMAN BRAIN; DEFICIENT MICE; RAT-BRAIN; DISEASE; MUTATIONS; PROTEIN AB The completion of the Human Genome Project aroused renewed interest in alternative splicing, an efficient and widespread mechanism that generates multiple protein isoforms from individual genes. Although our knowledge about alternative splicing is growing exponentially, its real impact on cellular life is still to be clarified. Connecting all splicing features (genes, splice transcripts, isoforms, and relative functions) may be useful to resolve this tangle. Herein, we will start from the case of a single gene, Parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2), one of the largest in our genome. This gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism and it has been recently linked to cancer, leprosy, autism, type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. PARK2 primary transcript undergoes an extensive alternative splicing, which enhances transcriptomic diversification and protein diversity in tissues and cells. This review will provide an update of all human PARK2 alternative splice transcripts and isoforms presently known, and correlate them to those in rat and mouse, two common animal models for studying human disease genes. Alternative splicing relies upon a complex process that could be easily altered by both cis and trans-acting mutations. Although the contribution of PARK2 splicing in human disease remains to be fully explored, some evidences show disruption of this versatile form of genetic regulation may have pathological consequences. C1 [La Cognata, Valentina; Iemmolo, Rosario; Cavallaro, Sebastiano] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Neurol Sci, Funct Genom Ctr, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [D'Agata, Velia; Scuderi, Soraya] Univ Catania, Dept Biomed Sci, Sect Anat & Histol, Catania, Italy. [Drago, Filippo] Univ Catania, Dept Clin & Mol Biomed, Sect Pharmacol & Biochem, Catania, Italy. [Zappia, Mario] Univ Catania, Dept GF Ingrassia, Sect Neurosci, Catania, Italy. RP Cavallaro, S (reprint author), Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Neurol Sci, Funct Genom Ctr, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95125 Catania, Italy. 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Genomics PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3 BP 203 EP 216 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AT9CH UT WOS:000345225100007 PM 24955028 ER PT J AU Charalsawadi, C Maisrikhaw, W Praphanphoj, V Wirojanan, J Hansakunachai, T Roongpraiwan, R Sombuntham, T Ruangdaraganon, N Limprasert, P AF Charalsawadi, Chariyawan Maisrikhaw, Worathai Praphanphoj, Verayuth Wirojanan, Juthamas Hansakunachai, Tippawan Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan Sombuntham, Tasnawat Ruangdaraganon, Nichara Limprasert, Pornprot TI A Case with a Ring Chromosome 13 in a Cohort of 203 Children with Non-Syndromic Autism and Review of the Cytogenetic Literature SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Autism; Autistic spectrum disorder; Chromosomal abnormalities; Cytogenetics; Ring chromosome 13 ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ABNORMALITIES; INDIVIDUALS; IDENTIFICATION; REARRANGEMENTS; ANOMALIES AB Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments of social interaction, communication and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities. Frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities in cohorts of individuals with ASD varying between 1.2 and 28.6% have been reported. In this study, we evaluated 203 Thai children who met the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), for autistic disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and who had neither major dysmorphic features nor CGG repeat expansions of the FMR1 gene. A routine G-banding chromosome analysis was performed at a minimum of ISCN 400-550 bands. A chromosomal abnormality was observed in one child (0.5%), a 41-month-old boy with a ring chromosome 13 detected by G-banding analysis and subsequently confirmed by FISH. SNP microarray analysis detected a 2.11-Mb deletion of chromosome 13q34, encompassing 23 genes. The MCF2L and UPF3A genes are among those genes that may explain the autistic features in our case. To the best of our knowledge, only one autistic case with a ring chromosome 13 has been previously reported. In this article, we also systemically reviewed 21 studies that utilized a conventional cytogenetic method to detect chromosomal abnormalities in patients with ASD. When we summed all cases with chromosomal abnormalities, including the case from our study, the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities detected by conventional cytogenetics in patients with ASD was 3.2% (118/3,712). (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Charalsawadi, Chariyawan; Maisrikhaw, Worathai; Limprasert, Pornprot] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand. [Wirojanan, Juthamas] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand. [Praphanphoj, Verayuth] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Rajanukul Inst, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan; Sombuntham, Tasnawat; Ruangdaraganon, Nichara] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Hansakunachai, Tippawan] Thammasat Univ, Dept Pediat, Fac Med, Pathum Thani, Thailand. RP Limprasert, P (reprint author), Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand. EM lpornpro@yahoo.com FU National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) [BT-B-01-MG-18-4814]; Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University [48/364-006, 48/364-006-3] FX The authors would like to thank the families that participated in the study, which was supported by the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC; grant BT-B-01-MG-18-4814), and the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University (grants 48/364-006 and 48/364-006-3). We are grateful to Dr. Natini Jinawath for microarray analysis. 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TI Electrophysiological measures of low-level vision reveal spatial processing deficits and hemispheric asymmetry in autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE autism; vision; visual evoked potential; spatial frequency; visual perception ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; EYED VISUAL-ACUITY; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; GLOBAL PRECEDENCE; MOTION PERCEPTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACE PERCEPTION; GRATING ACUITY; SWEEP VEP; CHILDREN AB There is accumulating evidence from electrophysiological studies that low-level visual processing is atypical in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Abnormalities in early stages of sensory processing are of interest because they could lead to downstream functional deficits in social or cognitive domains. Using steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), we studied how well spatial information is transmitted over a wide range of spatial frequencies (2-30 cycles/deg), including those at the limit of visibility (visual acuity). SSVEPs were recorded over 128 channels in 16 ASD participants between 5 and 17 years old and 17 age-matched, neurotypical (NT) participants. We observed a selective reduction of the amplitude of the SSVEP second harmonic pattern reversal response between 5 and 17 cycles/deg. Responses measured at the fourth harmonic were normal at all spatial frequencies tested, as were responses at the lowest and highest spatial frequencies at the second harmonic. The reduction of second harmonic responses occurred preferentially over right occipital electrodes. Because response abnormalities are restricted to a specific response harmonic and to specific ranges of spatial frequency, we can rule out nonspecific differences between the ASD participants and the NT controls. This particular pattern of loss, combined with the observed exaggeration of the loss over the right hemisphere, suggests that a highly specific neural substrate early in the visual pathway is compromised in ASD. C1 [Pei, Francesca; Baldassi, Stefano; Norcia, Anthony M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Pei, Francesca] Stanford Univ, Packard Childrens Hosp, Stanford Autism Ctr, Dept Psychiat,Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldassi, Stefano] Univ Florence, Dept Neurosci Psychol Pharmacol & Child Hlth, Florence, Italy. RP Pei, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fpei@stanford.edu FU Simons Foundation for Autism Research Initiative (SFARI); Bass Society FX This work was supported by the Simons Foundation for Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) and by the Bass Society for Pediatric Scholars. We thank all the families and children who dedicated their time to help us with our research project. 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The survey used a Likert-scale design where parents rated their level of satisfaction regarding communication with, qualifications of, and rapport with the APE teachers. Results: Based on a coefficients for each of the three subscales, it was concluded that the survey had high internal validity. Split-half reliability determined by the Spearman Brown Prophecy coefficient indicated high reliability. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence demonstrated that the survey may be a useful tool in assessing parental perceptions of their child's APE teacher. C1 [Columna, Luis] Syracuse Univ, Dept Exercise Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Cook, Allison] Homer Sch Dist, Homer, NY 13077 USA. [Foley, John T.; Bailey, JoEllen] SUNY Coll Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Columna, L (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Exercise Sci, 201 Womens Bldg, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 19 IS 5 SI SI BP 481 EP 493 DI 10.1080/17408989.2014.907888 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA AU0UF UT WOS:000345339400003 ER PT J AU Rybakowski, F Bialek, A Chojnicka, I Dziechciarz, P Horvath, A Janas-Kozik, M Jeziorek, A Pisula, E Piwowarczyk, A Slopien, A Sykut-Cegielska, J Szajewska, H Szczaluba, K Szymanska, K Urbanek, K Waligorska, A Wojciechowska, A Wroniszewski, M Dunajska, A AF Rybakowski, Filip Bialek, Anna Chojnicka, Izabela Dziechciarz, Piotr Horvath, Andrea Janas-Kozik, Malgorzata Jeziorek, Anetta Pisula, Ewa Piwowarczyk, Anna Slopien, Agnieszka Sykut-Cegielska, Jolanta Szajewska, Hanna Szczaluba, Krzysztof Szymanska, Krystyna Urbanek, Ksymena Waligorska, Anna Wojciechowska, Aneta Wroniszewski, Michal Dunajska, Anna TI Autism spectrum disorders - epidemiology, symptoms, comorbidity and diagnosis SO PSYCHIATRIA POLSKA LA Polish DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; epidemiology; diagnosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; POLISH VERSION; TODDLERS; TRAITS; SLEEP; CHILDHOOD; CHECKLIST; INTERVIEW AB In the new classification of American Psychiatric Association - DSM-5 - a category of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) was introduced, which replaced autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. ASD are defined by two basic psychopathological dimensions: communication disturbances and stereotyped behaviors, and the diagnosis is complemented with the assessment of language development and intellectual level. In successive epidemiological studies conducted in 21 century the prevalence of ASD has been rising, and currently is estimated at 1% in general population. The lifetime psychiatric comorbidity is observed in majority of patients. The most common coexisting diagnoses comprise disorders of anxiety-affective spectrum, and in about 1/3 of patients attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders could be diagnosed. Prodromal symptoms of ASD may emerge before 12 months of life, however reliability of diagnosis at such an early age is poor. Several screening instruments, based on the parental and/or healthcare professional assessments may be helpful in ASD detection. However, structured interviews and observation schedules remain the gold standard of diagnosis. C1 [Rybakowski, Filip] Klin Psychiat Dzieci & Mlodziezy IPiN Warszawie, Warsaw, Poland. [Rybakowski, Filip] Szkola Wyzsza Psychol Spolecznej Poznaniu, Poznan, Poland. [Bialek, Anna; Janas-Kozik, Malgorzata; Urbanek, Ksymena] Klin Psychiat & Psychoterapii SUM Katowicach, Katowice, Poland. [Chojnicka, Izabela; Piwowarczyk, Anna; Dunajska, Anna] Inst Fizjol & Patol Sluchu Kajetanach, Poradnia Zaburzen Komunikowania, Klin Audiol & Foniatrii, Katowice, Poland. [Dziechciarz, Piotr; Horvath, Andrea; Szajewska, Hanna] Klin Pediat WUM, Warsaw, Poland. [Jeziorek, Anetta] Oddzial Neurol & Pediat WUM, Warsaw, Poland. [Pisula, Ewa] Katedra Psychol Rehabil UW, Warsaw, Poland. [Slopien, Agnieszka] Klin Psychiat Dzieci & Mlodziezy UM Poznaniu, Poznan, Poland. [Slopien, Agnieszka] Ctr Zdrowia Dziecka Warszawie, Klin Chorob Metab, Warsaw, Poland. [Szczaluba, Krzysztof] Poradnia Genetyczna Medgen Warszawie, Warsaw, Poland. [Szczaluba, Krzysztof] Poradnia Genetyczna Mastermed Bialymstoku, Bialystok, Poland. [Szymanska, Krystyna] Klin Psychiat Wieku Rozwojowego WUM, Warsaw, Poland. [Waligorska, Anna; Dunajska, Anna] Ctr Terapii Autyzmu Sotis Warszawie, Warsaw, Poland. [Wojciechowska, Aneta] Zaklad Pedag Specjalnej UAM Poznaniu, Poznan, Poland. [Wroniszewski, Michal] Fundacja Synapsis Warszawie, Warsaw, Poland. RP Rybakowski, F (reprint author), Inst Psychiat & Neurol, Klin Psychiat Dzieci & Mlodziezy, Ul Sobieskiego 9, PL-02957 Warsaw, Poland. 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Pol. PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 653 EP 665 PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT8UE UT WOS:000345206500002 PM 25314794 ER PT J AU Zielinska, M Sterczynski, R Baginska, A AF Zielinska, Monika Sterczynski, Radoslaw Baginska, Aneta TI The Profile of WISC-R Scores in Children with High-Functioning Autism SO PSYCHIATRIA POLSKA LA Polish DT Article DE autism; Wechsler Scale; cognitive functioning ID SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; PATTERNS; ABILITY; MIND; IV AB Aim. The aim of the study was to define the intellectual profile of Polish children suffering from autism. Our study was based on the results of previous research, mostly conducted in English-speaking countries. Although these earlier studies documented the intellectual profile of an autistic child, they also identified some discrepancies. Therefore, we decided to complement the discussion on autism with our data on intellectual functioning of autistic Polish children examined with a translated version of the intelligence test. Methods. The study followed a matching design. From among 191 children with autism and 1 400 without this diagnosis, we selected 34 pairs based on gender and age, and not differing by more than 10 points in terms of intelligence quotient. The intellectual profile of the studied children was determined with the WISC-R scale. Results. As expected, the intellectual profile of children with autism proved more variable than that of healthy controls. Children with autism scored lower on "Comprehension" scale and (at a threshold of statistical significance) on "Object assembly" scale, and achieved higher results on "Information" and "Block design" scales. Conclusions. The results of our study confirmed the most typical observations from previous research conducted among an English-speaking population of autistic children. Polish autistic children did not differ significantly in terms of their quotients of verbal and non-verbal intelligence. However, the intellectual profile of autistic children showed higher variance compared to normally developing controls. Children with autism were more likely to score the lowest in the "Comprehension" subtest and the highest in the "Block design" subtest. C1 [Zielinska, Monika] Uniwersytetu Gdanskiego, Inst Psychol, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. [Sterczynski, Radoslaw] Szkola Wyzsza Psychol Spolecznej Sopocie, Sopocie, Poland. [Baginska, Aneta] Ctr Diag & Terapii Zaburzen Rozwojowych Sopocie, Sopocie, Poland. RP Zielinska, M (reprint author), Uniwersytetu Gdanskiego, Inst Psychol, Ul Bazynskiego 4, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. 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Pol. PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 667 EP 676 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT8UE UT WOS:000345206500003 PM 25314795 ER PT J AU Szczaluba, K AF Szczaluba, Krzysztof TI Diagnostics of the genetic causes of autism spectrum disorders - a clinical geneticist's view SO PSYCHIATRIA POLSKA LA Polish DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; genetics; diagnostics ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AB Explanation of the genetic basis of autism spectrum disorders has, for many decades, been a part of interest of researchers and clinicians. In recent years, thanks to modern molecular and cytogenetic techniques, a significant progress has been achieved in the diagnosis of genetic causes of autism. This applies particularly, but not exclusively, to those cases of autism that are accompanied by other clinical signs (i.e. complex phenotypes). The important clinical markers belong to different categories, and include congenital defects/anomalies, dysmorphism and macro-/microcephaly, to name the few. Thus, the choice of the diagnostic strategy depends on the clinical and pedigree information and, under Polish circumstances, the availability of specific diagnostic techniques and the amount of reimbursement under the National Health Service. Overall, the identification of the genetic causes of autism spectrum disorders is possible in about 10-30% of patients. In this paper the practical aspects of the use of different diagnostic techniques are briefly described. Some clinical examples and current recommendations for the diagnosis of patients with autism spectrum disorders are also presented. The point of view of a specialist in clinical genetics, increasingly involved, as part of the multidisciplinary care team, in the diagnostics of an autistic child has been demonstrated. C1 [Szczaluba, Krzysztof] GenCtr Swietokrzyskie Ctr Genetyki Klin & Technol, PL-25375 Kielce, Poland. [Szczaluba, Krzysztof] Poradnia Genetyczna Medgen, Warsaw, Poland. 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Pol. PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 677 EP 688 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT8UE UT WOS:000345206500004 PM 25314796 ER PT J AU Lisik, MZ AF Lisik, Malgorzata Z. TI Molecular aspects of autism spectrum disorders SO PSYCHIATRIA POLSKA LA Polish DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; genetic counseling ID GENETICS; IDENTIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECURRENCE; RISK AB Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is etiologically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disabilities. ASD affects 1% of child's population. The sex difference is observed with 4: 1 male to female ratio. This is descriptive diagnosis based on observation and analysis of behavior and cognitive functions. ASD does not fit the criteria of known patterns of inheritance. For the majority of patients polygenic model of inheritance with many interacting genes is the most probable. The etiology of ASD is poorly understood. It is estimated that a specific genetic etiology can be determined in up to 20% of individuals with ASD. Advances in microarray technology and next generation sequencing are revealing copy variant numbers (CNV) and single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNP) with important roles in synapse formation and function. For families where a specific etiology has been identified, the risk of recurrence in siblings generally depends on the etiologic diagnosis. For autism of unknown cause, the sibling risk varies across studies but is generally considered to range from 5 to 10 %. C1 Slaski Uniwersytet Med, Katedra & Zaklad Biol Ogolnej Mol & Genetyki, PL-42583 Katowice, Poland. RP Lisik, MZ (reprint author), Slaski Uniwersytet Med, Katedra & Zaklad Biol Ogolnej Mol & Genetyki, Ul Medykow 18, PL-42583 Katowice, Poland. 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PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 689 EP 700 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT8UE UT WOS:000345206500005 PM 25314797 ER PT J AU Amatachaya, A Auvichayapat, N Patjanasoontorn, N Suphakunpinyo, C Ngernyam, N Aree-uea, B Keeratitanont, K Auvichayapat, P AF Amatachaya, Anuwat Auvichayapat, Narong Patjanasoontorn, Niramol Suphakunpinyo, Chanyut Ngernyam, Niran Aree-uea, Benchaporn Keeratitanont, Keattichai Auvichayapat, Paradee TI Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Autism: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Trial SO BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; RATING-SCALE CARS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MAGNETIC STIMULATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; BRAIN AB The aim of this study was to evaluate the Childhood Autism Rating Scale ( CARS), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), and Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) after anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in individuals with autism. Twenty patients with autism received 5 consecutive days of both sham and active tDCS stimulation (1mA) in a randomized double-blind crossover trial over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) for 20 minutes in different orders. Measures of CARS, ATEC, and CGAS were administered before treatment and at 7 days posttreatment. The result showed statistical decrease in CARS score (P < 0.001). ATEC total was decreased from 67.25 to 58 (P < 0.001). CGAS was increased at 7 days posttreatment (P = 0.042). Our study suggests that anodal tDCS over the F3 may be a useful clinical tool in autism. C1 [Amatachaya, Anuwat; Ngernyam, Niran; Aree-uea, Benchaporn; Keeratitanont, Keattichai; Auvichayapat, Paradee] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Auvichayapat, Narong; Suphakunpinyo, Chanyut] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Patjanasoontorn, Niramol] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. RP Auvichayapat, P (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM aparad@kku.ac.th FU KKU-Integrated Multidisciplinary Research Cluster, Sub-Cluster of Integrated Multidisciplinary Researches in Health Sciences; National Research University (NRU) grant, Khon Kaen University; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand [I 55224]; National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) FX The authors thank Professor Mark P. Jensen of the University of Washington for his guidance and valuable suggestions and Khon Kaen Special Education Center Region 9 for subject recruitment. Anuwat Amatachaya, Narong Auvichayapat, Niran Ngernyam, Benchaporn Aree-uea, Keattichai Keeratitanont, and Paradee Auvichayapat are Members of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Research Group of Thailand. 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Neurol. PY 2014 AR 173073 DI 10.1155/2014/173073 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AT1MW UT WOS:000344699100001 ER PT J AU Dudova, I Markova, D Kasparova, M Zemankova, J Beranova, S Urbanek, T Hrdlicka, M AF Dudova, Iva Markova, Daniela Kasparova, Martina Zemankova, Jana Beranova, Stepanka Urbanek, Tomas Hrdlicka, Michal TI Comparison of three screening tests for autism in preterm children with birth weights less than 1,500 grams SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; preterm children; screening; Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist; Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; INFANTS; AGE; PREVALENCE; TODDLERS; OUTCOMES; RISK; BORN AB Background: Preterm children seem to be at increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: Parents of 157 children with birth weights less than 1,500 g (age 2 years, corrected for prematurity; 88 boys, 69 girls) completed screening questionnaires. The screening battery included the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP-ITC), and the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). Children with disabilities were excluded. All children who screened positive on any of the screening tools were subsequently assessed by clinical examination including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results: Fifty-six children (35.7%) screened positive on at least one of the parental screening questionnaires. Of the 56 children who tested positive, 33 participated in the detailed clinical follow-up assessment. A diagnosis of ASD was confirmed in 13 of the 33 children. The ASD prevalence was 9.7% of the sample. Analysis of children with and without an ASD diagnosis found significant differences relative to gestational age (26.9 weeks vs 28.3 weeks, P=0.033) and length of the stay in hospital (89.5 days vs 75.4 days, P=0.042). The screening tool with the most positive results was CSBS-DP-ITC (42 positive screens [PS]), followed by M-CHAT (28 PS), and ITSP (22 PS). Differences in the frequency of PS among the tests were significant (P=0.008). CSBS-DP-ITC had the highest sensitivity (0.846), followed by M-CHAT (0.692) and ITSP (0.462). Conclusion: Our results indicate a higher prevalence of autism in children with birth weights <1,500 g at 2 years of age compared to the general population prevalence. The ASD diagnosis was associated with shorter gestation times and longer hospital stays. Our findings support the simultaneous use of more than one screening tests in order to increase screening sensitivity. C1 [Dudova, Iva; Beranova, Stepanka; Hrdlicka, Michal] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Child Psychiat, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. [Dudova, Iva; Kasparova, Martina; Beranova, Stepanka; Hrdlicka, Michal] Univ Hosp Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Markova, Daniela] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Prague, Czech Republic. [Markova, Daniela] Gen Univ Hosp, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kasparova, Martina] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Pediat, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. [Zemankova, Jana] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. [Zemankova, Jana] Univ Hosp, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. [Urbanek, Tomas] Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Dudova, I (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Univ Hosp Motol, Fac Med 2, Dept Child Psychiat, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. EM iva.dudova@lfmotol.cuni.cz RI Urbanek, Tomas/G-9427-2014 OI Urbanek, Tomas/0000-0002-8807-4869 FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic [COST LD11028]; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic [IGA NT/14200]; ESF (COST Action ) [ESSEA BM1004]; conceptual development of research organization, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic [00064203] FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic (research grant COST LD11028), by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic (research grant IGA NT/14200 and conceptual development of research organization, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic 00064203), and by the ESF (COST Action ESSEA BM1004). The authors would like to thank Thomas Secrest for his assistance with the English version of the manuscript. 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Dis. Treat. PY 2014 VL 10 BP 2201 EP 2208 DI 10.2147/NDT.S72921 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AT4SC UT WOS:000344930800001 PM 25484588 ER PT J AU Karim, S Mirza, Z Kamal, MA Abuzenadah, AM Azhar, EI Al-Qahtani, MH Damanhouri, GA Ahmad, F Gan, SH Sohrab, SS AF Karim, Sajjad Mirza, Zeenat Kamal, Mohammad A. Abuzenadah, Adel M. Azhar, Esam I. Al-Qahtani, Mohammed H. Damanhouri, Ghazi A. Ahmad, Fahim Gan, Siew H. Sohrab, Sayed S. TI The Role of Viruses in Neurodegenerative and Neurobehavioral Diseases SO CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS LA English DT Article DE Virus; Alzheimer's disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; HIV associated neurocognitive disorders; multiple sclerosis; neurodegenerative diseases; Parkinson's disease ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS PATIENTS; HIV-ASSOCIATED DEMENTIA; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; H5N1 INFLUENZA-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME AB Neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral diseases may be caused by chronic and neuropathic viral infections and may result in a loss of neurons and axons in the central nervous system that increases with age. To date, there is evidence of systemic viral infections that occur with some neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. With increasing lifespan, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases increases consistently. Neurodegenerative diseases affect approximately 37 million people worldwide and are an important cause of mortality. In addition to established non-viral-induced reasons for neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathic infections and viruses associated with neurodegenerative diseases have been proposed. Neuronal degeneration can be either directly or indirectly affected by viral infection. Viruses that attack the human immune system can also affect the nervous system and interfere with classical pathways of neurodegenerative diseases. Viruses can enter the central nervous system, but the exact mechanism cannot be understood well. Various studies have supported viral-and non-viral-mediated neurodegeneration at the cellular, molecular, genomic and proteomic levels. The main focus of this review is to illustrate the association between viral infections and both neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral diseases, so that the possible mechanism and pathway of neurodegenerative diseases can be better explained. This information will strengthen new concepts and ideas for neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disease treatment. C1 [Karim, Sajjad; Abuzenadah, Adel M.; Al-Qahtani, Mohammed H.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Genom Med Res, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Mirza, Zeenat; Kamal, Mohammad A.; Abuzenadah, Adel M.; Damanhouri, Ghazi A.] King Abdulaziz Univ, King Fahd Med Res Ctr, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Azhar, Esam I.; Sohrab, Sayed S.] King Abdulaziz Univ, King Fahd Med Res Ctr, Special Infect Agents Unit, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Azhar, Esam I.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Appl Med Sci, Dept Med Lab Technol, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Ahmad, Fahim] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gan, Siew H.] Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Human Genome, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. RP Sohrab, SS (reprint author), King Abdulaziz Univ, King Fahd Med Res Ctr, Special Infect Agents Unit, POB 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. EM sohrab_sartaj2@rediffmail.com RI SOHRAB, SAYED/H-9613-2012; Karim, Sajjad/H-9897-2012; Mirza, Zeenat/H-9498-2012; Gan, Hua/A-6266-2011 OI Gan, Hua/0000-0001-6470-3651 FU King Abdullah City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KACST) [10-BIO1073-03, 10-BIO1258-03] FX We are thankful to King Abdullah City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KACST Strategic Project ID 10-BIO1073-03 and 10-BIO1258-03) for research funding and support. The authors gratefully acknowledge the research facility provided by King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) and Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 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SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1871-5273 EI 1996-3181 J9 CNS NEUROL DISORD-DR JI CNS Neurol. Disord.-Drug Targets PY 2014 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1213 EP 1223 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AS0UG UT WOS:000343993400011 PM 25230220 ER PT J AU Li, WZ Mills, AA AF Li, Wangzhi Mills, Alea A. TI Architects of the genome: CHD dysfunction in cancer, developmental disorders and neurological syndromes SO EPIGENOMICS LA English DT Article DE cancer; CHD proteins; chromatin remodeling; copy number variation; developmental disorders; DNA damage; male infertility; mutation; neurological syndromes ID CHROMATIN-REMODELING FACTOR; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN-2; NONPROGRESSIVE INFANTILE ATAXIA; CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION; CHARGE SYNDROME; PROSTATE-CANCER; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AB Chromatin is vital to normal cells, and its deregulation contributes to a spectrum of human ailments. An emerging concept is that aberrant chromatin regulation culminates in gene expression programs that set the stage for the seemingly diverse pathologies of cancer, developmental disorders and neurological syndromes. However, the mechanisms responsible for such common etiology have been elusive. Recent evidence has implicated lesions affecting chromatin-remodeling proteins in cancer, developmental disorders and neurological syndromes, suggesting a common source for these different pathologies. Here, we focus on the chromodomain helicase DNA binding chromatin-remodeling family and the recent evidence for its deregulation in diverse pathological conditions, providing a new perspective on the underlying mechanisms and their implications for these prevalent human diseases. C1 [Li, Wangzhi; Mills, Alea A.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Li, Wangzhi] SUNY Stony Brook, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Mills, AA (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM mills@cshl.edu RI Li, Wangzhi/A-1390-2015 FU NIH [R01CA190997, R21OD018332] FX Work discussed in this review was supported in part by NIH awards R01CA190997 and R21OD018332 to AAM. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. 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AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HEALTH OUTCOMES; INTERACTION THERAPY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; AMERICAN MOTHERS AB Families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) experience unique rewards and challenges caring for their child. Many family interventions have been developed over the years to provide supports to these families and their children. However, few interventions have included racial and ethnic minority families and few researchers have developed and tested culturally competent interventions specifically for these populations. Because Latinos represent the largest racial/ethnic population, they also represent a large proportion of children with IDD and their families. We provide back-ground on parent and family interventions, and those developed for use with Latino families. We then describe the use of the promotora de salud model as a culturally competent intervention mode for Latino families of children with IDD. We describe two parent training programs that used this mode, the results of their evaluation studies, and discuss lessons learned in the context using of a community-based research approach. Lastly, we explore the question of why promotoras were successful in promoting change among mothers of children with IDD by analyzing focus-group data across projects. Our findings suggest that role modeling and the collaborative style promotoras used in providing education promoted change among participants. In conclusion, more interventions are needed to serve Latino children with IDD and their families. The promotora de salud model holds promise as a mode of intervention delivery for these families. C1 [Magana, Sandra] Univ Illinois, Dept Disabil & Human Dev, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Lopez, Kristina] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Sch Social Work, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [de Sayu, Rebecca Paradiso; Miranda, Elizabeth] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Magana, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Disabil & Human Dev, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 47 BP 39 EP 75 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800278-0.00002-6 PG 37 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA BB5RJ UT WOS:000344034800003 ER PT S AU Lawton, K Hannigan, S Ellawadi, AB AF Lawton, Kathy Hannigan, Sarah Ellawadi, Allison Bean BE Hodapp, RM TI Moving Beyond the Status Quo: Using Evidence-Based Practice to Improve Autism Core Deficits in the Preschool Classroom SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, VOL 47 SE International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JOINT ATTENTION INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GENERAL-EDUCATION SETTINGS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL-COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; TEACHING-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE USE AB Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience better short-term and long-term outcomes if they participate in interventions aimed at ameliorating ASD core deficits. Despite that the preschool setting has been suggested as an efficient and effective context for implementing these early ASD interventions, improving core deficits is rarely the focus of the status quo ASD preschool experience. In this review, we explain the relative benefits of conducting interventions aimed at improving ASD core deficits in the preschool setting and how often preschool-based ASD core deficit intervention studies are conducted. Promising recent preschool-based interventions are reviewed. We conclude with suggestions for how to increase the momentum of this research and have these interventions permeate the school context. C1 [Lawton, Kathy] Upper Arlington City Sch, Student Serv Dept, Arlington, OH 43221 USA. [Hannigan, Sarah] Ohio State Univ, Crane Ctr Early Childhood Res & Policy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hannigan, Sarah] Ohio State Univ, Dept Teaching & Learning, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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BE Hodapp, RM TI Rules of "Engagement": Addressing Participation and Functional Performance in Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, VOL 47 SE International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADAPTIVE TESTING VERSION; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PEDIATRIC EVALUATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; PHYSICAL-DISABILITIES; INDEPENDENCE MEASURE AB A primary goal of research in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is to help individuals with IDDs achieve optimal outcomes so that they are able to engage in life in ways that are individually meaningful. However, in order to achieve this goal, researchers need to be able to accurately define and measure participation and related concepts. 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PY 2014 VL 47 BP 151 EP 184 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800278-0.00005-1 PG 34 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA BB5RJ UT WOS:000344034800006 ER PT S AU Hickson, L Khemka, I AF Hickson, Linda Khemka, Ishita BE Hodapp, RM TI The Psychology of Decision Making SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, VOL 47 SE International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; RISK-TAKING; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; SOCIAL COGNITION; PEER INFLUENCE; BOUNDED RATIONALITY; PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR; EMOTION REGULATION AB This chapter overviews general theoretical advances including developmental perspectives in the study of decision-making behavior and their applicability in understanding how individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) approach interpersonal decisions in their lives. Of particular importance are the theoretical explications of the roles of cognitive and noncognitive processes (e.g., motivation and emotion), and the contextual demands of different decision tasks, as possible loci of the decision-making difficulties observed in individuals with IDD. Extant decision-making research with individuals with IDD is summarized and a Pathways of Decision Processing model is outlined for the systematic study of their decision-making processes and building adaptive decision-making strategies. The chapter examines distinct disability-specific patterns of decision-making difficulties associated with underlying etiologies and phenomenological characteristics of the subtypes of IDD, with implications for the need for differentiated interventions to improve the decision making of individuals with different forms of IDD, including those with intellectual disabilities, Williams syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders. 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TI EXPECTATIONS OF PARENTS FROM SPORTIVE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES FOR THEIR CHILD WITH AUTISM AND THEIR VIEWS OVER AUTISM FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism friendly environment; autism spectrum disorder; sportive and physical activities; expectations of parents; views of parents ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT; DISABILITIES; PARTICIPATION; LEISURE; MOTOR; ADOLESCENTS; RECREATION; EDUCATION AB The purpose of this study is to determine the expectations of parents having a child with autism trying to integrate their life with their child to normal life, their views over institutions, and their recommendations with regard to a healthy, secure, easily accessible and autism friendly environment. The participants of the study was made up of 4 mothers and 3 fathers, 7 people in total, having a child with autism at the age of 5-12 ages, living in Ankara. In the current study that was carried out depending on quantitative data, the data needed were collected through an interview form developed by the researchers and containing 10 questions. The data collected were analysed through content analysis (induction) technique containing the processes of printing out of the data, coding the data, finding the themes and organising the codes and themes. The findings of the current study comprised of three themes and the sub-theme of the themes obtained from the answers given to the questions in the interview form by the participant. These main themes are: (a) the expectations of the participant; (b) the views of participant over current case; (c) autism friendly environment. In the current study, it was found that parents were insistent over security issues. In addition, parents pointed out that they needed a complex of sports and activities where they can spend their spare time in a good way and parents should be included in the concept of autism friendly environment. When special education experts, city planning experts, landscape architects, people working at municipalities and sportive activities take these results into consideration, they will offer better and more comfortable opportunities for individuals. C1 [Ozaydin, L.; Usak, E.] Gazi Univ, Hlth Serv Vocat Sch, Ankara, Turkey. RP Ozaydin, L (reprint author), Gazi Univ, Hlth Serv Vocat Sch, Ankara, Turkey. EM lozaydin@gazi.edu.tr CR American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th, DOI [10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349, DOI 10.1176/APPI.BOOKS.9780890423349] [Anonymous], AUT SPECTR DIS DAT S Bahrami F, 2012, RES DEV DISABIL, V33, P1183, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.01.018 Baxter P, 2008, QUALITATIVE REPORT, V13, P544 Berg B. L., 2007, QUALITATIVE RES METH Curtin C, 2014, HARVARD REV PSYCHIAT, V22, P93, DOI 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000031 Dewey D, 2007, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V13, P246, DOI 10.1017/S1355617707070270 DOYLE B. 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PY 2014 VL 15 IS 3A SI SI BP 1493 EP 1506 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS0IQ UT WOS:000343961500028 ER PT J AU Sani Bozkurt, S Vuran, S AF Sani Bozkurt, Sunagul Vuran, Sezgin TI An Analysis of the Use of Social Stories in Teaching Social Skills to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO KURAM VE UYGULAMADA EGITIM BILIMLERI LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; Single Subject Design; Social Skills; Social Stories; Social Story Interventions ID DECREASING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; INTERVENTION; STUDENTS; IMPROVE; SOCIAL-STORIES(TM); COMMUNICATION; DISABILITIES; INCREASE; MODIFY AB Social stories play a significant part in the teaching skills and behaviors to children with ASD who lack social skills. The purpose of this study is to analyze studies in which social stories were used for teaching social skills to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The present study includes a descriptive review and meta-analysis of single-subject studies that met the criteria. In all studies, social validity, maintenance, and generalization data were collected in 56.25%, 50%, and 31.25% of the respective studies. Although most studies showed that social stories were effective in teaching social skills to children with ASD in the descriptive study, in the meta-analytic study, the mean of Percantage of Non-overlapping Data (PND) scores for all studies was 63.43%, with a range of 0% to 100%. Results suggest that social stories should not yet be considered as evidence based practice for teaching social skills to individuals with ASD. However, social stories seem to be a promising practice that warrants future research. Results will be discussed extensively and future directions for research and practice will be addressed. C1 [Sani Bozkurt, Sunagul] Anadolu Univ, Eskisehir, Turkey. 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PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1875 EP 1892 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA AS4NW UT WOS:000344253900013 ER PT J AU Suing, M Petermann, F Schmidt, MH Mid, TG Sinzig, J AF Suing, Martina Petermann, Franz Schmidt, Martin H. Mid, Tobias Gollan Sinzig, Judith TI The German Competence Analysis Questionnaire (KANN): Autism-spectrum-disorders and/or ADHD Compared SO PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Article DE autism; ADHD; resources; child and youth welfare; German Competence Analysis Questionnaire (KANN) ID CHILD-BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SYMPTOMS; VALIDITY; RESILIENCE; COGNITION; WELFARE; CARE AB Due to the frequent comorbidity of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) the investigation of similarities and differences between these two syndromes has been the focus of research in recent years. The main objective of the present paper is to compare the three clinical groups "ASD", "ADHD" and "ASD+ADHD" as well as a control group on the basis of competencies relevant to everyday and social life by using the German Competence Analysis Questionnaire (Kompetenzanalyseverfahren, KANN). The KANN is an external assessment tool used to determine observable personal resources (competencies) in children and adolescents. A total of n = 205 children and adolescents under the care of child and youth welfare services are analyzed. The results show that the clinical group "ADHD" is superior to the groups "ASD" (in this case statistically significant) and "ASD+ADHD" at the KANN-scale "Leisure Behavior & Peer Groups" and "Independence in Everyday Life". The similar KANN-profiles of the two autistic groups do not support - contrary to the additionally collected data of behavior disorders (CBCL/4-18) - the hypothesis of an additive symptom effect within the meaning of the loss of competencies for the combined diagnoses group "ASD+ADHD". Furthermore, the ability of the KANN scales to differentiate between a clinical and a non-clinical child and youth welfare group underlines the validity of the KANN. C1 Stiftung Die Gute Hand, Inst Qualiat Erziehungshilfen Quer, D-51515 Kurten, Germany. RP Suing, M (reprint author), Stiftung Die Gute Hand, Inst Qualiat Erziehungshilfen Quer, Jahnstr 31, D-51515 Kurten, Germany. EM m.suing@die-gute-hand.de CR Achenbach TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C Albrecht G, 2001, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V29, P83, DOI 10.1023/A:1005255614039 Ames CS, 2011, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V41, P357, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-1049-0 Banaschewski T, 2011, NERVENARZT, V82, P573, DOI 10.1007/s00115-010-3239-6 Baron-Cohen S., 2009, PHILOS T ROY SOC LON, V364, P1368 Beck N, 2009, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V37, P57, DOI 10.1024/1422-4917.37.1.57 Bolte S, 2002, Z KL PSYCH PSYCHOTH, V31, P291, DOI 10.1026//1616-3443.31.4.291 Dopfner M., 1998, EINFUHRUNG ANLEITUNG Flynn L, 2012, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V6, P431, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.06.016 Freitag M., 2012, Z KINDER JUGENDPSYCH, V40, P139 Funabiki Y, 2011, RES DEV DISABIL, V32, P995, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.052 Grawe K., 1994, VERHALTENSTHER PSYCH, V26, P357 Guttmann-Steinmetz S, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P976, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0706-7 Happe F., 2009, PHILOS T ROY SOC LON, V364, P1359 Healey Dione, 2005, J Atten Disord, V8, P88, DOI 10.1177/1087054705277198 Hochhauser M, 2010, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V4, P746, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.01.015 Holtmann M, 2004, KINDH ENTWICKL, V13, P195, DOI 10.1026/0942-5403.13.4.195 Holtmann M, 2007, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V40, P172, DOI 10.1159/000100007 Jager J., 2006, THESIS RHEINISCHE FR Luthar SS, 2006, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1094, P105, DOI 10.1196/annals.1376.009 Macha T, 2005, KINDH ENTWICKL, V14, P150, DOI 10.1026/0942-5403.14.3.150 Mayes SD, 2012, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V6, P277, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.009 Mottron L., 2013, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V37, P29 Noterdaeme Michele, 2011, Klin Padiatr, V223 Suppl 1, pE1, DOI 10.1055/s-0030-1256068 Pellicano E, 2011, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V108, P421, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1014076108 Petermann F., 2012, KOMPETENZANALYSEVERF Poustka L, 2011, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V39, P133, DOI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000099 Remschmidt H., 2012, MULTIAXIALES KLASSIF Schemmel H., 2003, RESSOURCEN HAND LESE Schmeck K, 2001, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V10, P240 Schmid Marc, 2008, Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, V2, P2, DOI 10.1186/1753-2000-2-2 Schmidt M. 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PY 2014 VL 63 IS 8 BP 666 EP 684 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AS5JX UT WOS:000344308400004 PM 25524037 ER PT S AU Loftis, SF AF Loftis, Sonya Freeman BE Wixson, C TI The Superman on the Spectrum Shaw's Autistic Characters and the Neurodiversity Movement SO DILEMMAS AND DELUSIONS: BERNARD SHAW AND HEALTH SE Shaw-The Annual of Bernard Shaw Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB As the autistic community searches for historical identity, it is surprising to notice that Bernard Shaw appears on almost every list of famous figures associated with the autism spectrum. The neurodiversity movement's surprising appropriation of Shaw and his characters may seem superficially beneficial to public perceptions about autism and Asperger's syndrome. However, proposing an autistic identity for his St. Joan and Henry Higgins, and possibly even the playwright himself, actually threatens to reaffirm damaging stereotypes of people on the spectrum, perpetuating the erroneous idea that all autistic people are geniuses and savants. C1 Morehouse Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Loftis, SF (reprint author), Morehouse Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. CR [Anonymous], 2011, MUDANDSTARS 1007 Atwood Tony, 2007, COMPLETE GUIDE ASPER Barnet Sylvan, 1956, PMLA, V71, P892 Grandin Temple, 2006, THINKING PICTURES Janissy, 2011, BEING UNREASONABLE Linton Simi, 1998, CLAIMING DISABILITY, P5 lnnes Christopher, 1998, CAMBRIDGE COMPANION, P162, DOI 10.1017/CCOL0521562376.008 Murray Dinah, 2006, COMING OUT ASPERGER Murray Stuart, 2008, REPRESENTING AUTISM, P23 Osteen Mark, 2008, AUTISM REPRESENTATIO, P12 Shaw Bernard, 2000, PYGMALION Shaw Bernard, 2003, SAINT JOAN Snyder Sharon L., 2006, CULTURAL LOCATIONS D, P21 Wallis Claudia, 2009, NEW YORK TIMES 1102 Weintraub Rodelle, 2006, LIT TRANSITION 1880, V49, P388 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 215 WAGNER BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0741-5842 J9 SHAW PY 2014 VL 34 BP 59 EP 74 PG 16 WC Literature, British Isles; Theater SC Literature; Theater GA BB4YO UT WOS:000343520600004 ER PT J AU Rama, I Kontu, E Pirttimaa, R AF Rama, Irene Kontu, Elina Pirttimaa, Raija TI Communicative spontaneity in autism: exploring supportive prompts in an educational context SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; four-level antecedent model; spontaneity; communication ID LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; PARADIGM; BEHAVIOR; SPEECH; AAC AB The purpose of this article was to describe a Finnish research project concerning communicative spontaneity in pupils with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a behavioural syndrome which is neurobiological in origin and which involves atypical developmental dysfunctions in the brain. The essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interest, and activities. However, an important part of flexible interaction is functional communication between partners, and spontaneity is a critical aspect of functional communication. Communicative spontaneity can be assessed by examining the relationship between environmental antecedents or cues (prompts) and communicative acts. In this study spontaneity is viewed along a continuum, it is, all communicative acts are considered to have some degree of spontaneity and all communication is environmentally prompted or cued. In this research a model of supportive prompts for spontaneity was applied in practice. The model in question is Carter and Hotchkis's four-level antecedent model. The study explored the supportive prompts ethnomethodologically. In the study described six video recordings (each about 30 min) from authentic classroom situations were categorised with the four-level antecedent model. These videos are unusual in Finnish context in that they involve only the teacher and her six pupils with ASD; no helpers are present in the classroom. This study indicated that the four-level antecedent model is a powerful means of analysing the dimensions of spontaneous communication, but the sensitivity of the model can be increased. The authors' suggestion is that the modification of the model may be accomplished by adding new categories (such as non-acting or prompt-seeking behaviour) or editing current categories. The modified four-level antecedent model is more applicable to help teachers develop spontaneity in the communication of pupils with ASD. C1 [Rama, Irene; Kontu, Elina] Univ Helsinki, Dept Teacher Educ Special Educ, Helsinki, Finland. 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PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 184 EP 199 DI 10.1080/08856257.2014.891720 PG 16 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AR5BN UT WOS:000343600300005 ER PT J AU Perepa, P AF Perepa, Prithvi TI Cultural basis of social 'deficits' in autism spectrum disorders SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism; social skills; parental perceptions; culture; ethnicity ID STATES-OF-AMERICA; SOUTH-KOREA; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN AB There is very little research that specifically looks at how autism spectrum disorders are perceived in various communities. This qualitative research was conducted with parents who had children on the autistic spectrum belonging to four different ethnic communities (White British, Somali, West African and South Asian - 63 in total) and living in the UK. The study found that the importance that the parents give to various social skills varied on the basis of their cultural background and the gender of the parent. 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PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.1080/08856257.2014.908024 PG 14 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AR5BX UT WOS:000343601200007 ER PT J AU Pegoraro, LFL Setz, EZF Dalgalarrondo, P AF Pegoraro, Luiz F. L. Setz, Eleonore Z. F. Dalgalarrondo, Paulo TI Ethological Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders SO EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; intellectual disability; children; social behavior; ethology ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; NORMAL CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; ATTENTION; COMMUNICATION; CONTACT AB The purpose of the study was to develop a new ethogram for the assessment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) and to test whether this instrument accurately distinguishes ASD participants (n = 61) from IDD participants (n = 61). An ethogram with 88 behavior elements was generated, including body postures, verbalizations, facial expressions, motor stereotypies, head postures, gaze behavior, gestures, and interpersonal distance. Significant differences were detected between both groups in classic ASD behaviors; in behaviors that are deficient in ASD according to established theoretical models, such as symbolic play, gaze direction, gaze following, and use of mental state language; in atypical behaviors that have also been described previously in ethological studies with ASD; and in the nonspecific behaviors of ASD, such as walk, look own body, explore, and cry. The predictive success of a diagnosis of ASD in the logistic regression model with the ethogram's factors was 98.4%. The results suggest that this ethogram is a powerful and useful tool for both the detailed study of the social behaviors of autistic children and adolescents, and for discriminating ASD and IDD. C1 [Pegoraro, Luiz F. 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PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 223 EP 244 PG 22 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AR6LS UT WOS:000343695600015 PM 25299761 ER PT S AU Wetie, AGN Dekroon, RM Mocanu, M Ryan, JP Darie, CC Woods, AG AF Wetie, Armand G. Ngounou Dekroon, Robert M. Mocanu, Mihaela Ryan, Jeanne P. Darie, Costel C. Woods, Alisa G. BE Woods, AG Darie, CC TI Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders SO ADVANCEMENTS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; EXPANDED FMR1 ALLELES; INTRON 1 METHYLATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Mass spectrometry (MS) has been increasingly used to study central nervous system disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The first studies of ASD using MS focused on the identification of external toxins, but current research is more directed at understanding endogenous protein changes that occur in ASD (ASD proteomics). This chapter focuses on how MS has been used to study ASDs, with particular focus on proteomic analysis. Other neurodevelopmental disorders have been investigated using this technique, including genetic syndromes associated with autism such as fragile X syndrome and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. C1 [Wetie, Armand G. Ngounou; Darie, Costel C.; Woods, Alisa G.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Biochem & Prote Grp, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Dekroon, Robert M.; Mocanu, Mihaela] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ryan, Jeanne P.; Woods, Alisa G.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Neuropsychol Clin, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Ryan, Jeanne P.; Woods, Alisa G.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Psychoeduc Serv, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 806 BP 525 EP 544 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_26 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2 PG 20 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BB3UB UT WOS:000343050500027 ER PT J AU Ahn, Y Narous, M Tobias, R Rho, JM Mychasiuk, R AF Ahn, Younghee Narous, Mariam Tobias, Rose Rho, Jong M. Mychasiuk, Richelle TI The Ketogenic Diet Modifies Social and Metabolic Alterations Identified in the Prenatal Valproic Acid Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Play behavior; Mitochondria; Autism; Valproic acid; Metabolism; Respiration ID RETT-SYNDROME; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; RATS; PLAY; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal social interactions, communication deficits and stereotyped or repetitive behaviors. Although the etiology of ASD remains elusive, converging lines of research indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a substantive role in disease pathophysiology. Without an established causal link, the generation of therapeutic targets for ASD has been relatively unsuccessful and has focused solely on individual symptoms. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet that has previously been used for the treatment of intractable epilepsy and is known to enhance mitochondrial function. The purpose of this study was to determine if the KD could reverse the social deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction identified in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA) rodent model of ASD. Sprague-Dawley dams were administered VPA or saline on gestational day 12.5. The pups were treated with the KD or their standard diet (SD) for 10 days beginning on postnatal day 21 (PD21). On PD35 juvenile play behavior was tested with the play-fighting paradigm and rats were then sacrificed for mitochondrial bioenergetic analysis. The offspring exposed to VPA prenatally demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of play initiations/attacks and this was reversed with the KD. Prenatal VPA exposure also disrupted the pattern of play responses; VPA/SD animals used complete rotations more often than saline control animals. Treatment with the KD did not affect the number of complete rotations. In addition, while prenatal exposure to VPA altered mitochondrial respiration, the KD was able to restore aspects of bioenergetic dysfunction. As the KD was able to modify complex social behaviors and mitochondrial respiration, it may be a useful treatment option for ASD. Future studies will need to examine the effectiveness of the KD to reverse the two additional core deficits of ASD and to explore various treatment regimens to determine optimal treatment duration and formulation. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Ahn, Younghee; Narous, Mariam; Tobias, Rose; Rho, Jong M.; Mychasiuk, Richelle] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Alberta Childrens Hosp Res Inst Child & Maternal, Dept Pediat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Rho, Jong M.] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Alberta Childrens Hosp Res Inst Child & Maternal, Dept Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Mychasiuk, R (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Pediat, Heritage Med Res Bldg Room 273,3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM rmmychas@ucalgary.ca FU Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health; Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Professor Bin Hu and Taylor Chomiak, PhD (University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute), for helping to establish the VPA model in our hands and for guidance and thoughtful input on this project. This study was supported by the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health as well as the Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation. 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Because Spock1, a member of the Spock family, inhibits their attachment to substrates and the neurite outgrowth of cultured neuronal cells, Spock3 is also thought to be similarly involved in the neuronal development. In the present study, we established a Spock3-mutant mouse harboring a deletion extending from the presumptive upstream regulatory region to exon 4 of the Spock3 locus and performed histological and behavioral studies on these mutant mice. In wild-type (WT) mice, all Spock members were clearly expressed during brain development. In adults, intense Spock1 and Spock2 expressions were observed throughout the entire brain; whereas, Spock3 expression was no longer visible except in the thalamic nuclei. Thus, Spock3 expression is mostly confined to the developmental stage of the brain. In adult mutant mice, the cells of all cortical layers were swollen. 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Neurosci. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 5 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1159/000363101 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AQ7UL UT WOS:000343024600003 PM 25138526 ER PT J AU Schaaf, RC Case-Smith, J AF Schaaf, Roseann C. Case-Smith, Jane TI Sensory interventions for children with autism (vol 3, pg 225, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction CR Schaaf RC, 2014, J COMP EFFECT RES, V3, P225, DOI [10.2217/cer.14.18, 10.2217/CER.14.18] NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 2042-6305 EI 2042-6313 J9 J COMP EFFECT RES JI J. Comp. Eff. Res. PY 2014 VL 3 IS 4 BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AQ7JL UT WOS:000342989100017 ER PT J AU Vatanoglu-Lutz, EE Ataman, AD Bicer, S AF Vatanoglu-Lutz, Emine Elif Ataman, Ahmet Dogan Bicer, Suat TI Medicine in Stamps: History of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Through Philately SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES-TURKISH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Leo Kanner; Hans Asperger; history; philately ID SEROTONIN; ADULTS; KANNER AB Autism, in a wider perspective Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is perhaps the most prolifically researched of all child psychiatric disorders. The greatest contributions to our understanding about the disease have come from individual clinician researchers like Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger. The concept and definition of the disorder have changed greatly over the years, even socio-political shifts as well as research findings have radically altered our understanding of the syndrome as well as the care and treatment offered to people with autism. This paper provides an overview on the discovery of Autism Spectrum Disorders through philately. C1 [Vatanoglu-Lutz, Emine Elif; Ataman, Ahmet Dogan; Bicer, Suat] Yeditepe Univ, Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Vatanoglu-Lutz, EE (reprint author), Yeditepe Univ, Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey. 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PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 426 EP 434 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AR1UH UT WOS:000343369600027 ER PT J AU Usui, N Co, M Konopka, G AF Usui, Noriyoshi Co, Marissa Konopka, Genevieve TI Decoding the Molecular Evolution of Human Cognition Using Comparative Genomics SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Human brain evolution; FOXP2; Autism; Autism spectrum disorder; Cognitive diseases; Cognition; Comparative genomics; Weighted gene coexpression network analysis ID HUMAN BRAIN EVOLUTION; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COEXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS; MODERATE ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AUTISM SPECTRUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Identification of genetic and molecular factors responsible for the specialized cognitive abilities of humans is expected to provide important insights into the mechanisms responsible for disorders of cognition such as autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we discuss the use of comparative genomics for identifying salient genes and gene networks that may underlie cognition. We focus on the comparison of human and non-human primate brain gene expression and the utility of building gene coexpression networks for prioritizing hundreds of genes that differ in expression among the species queried. We also discuss the importance of and methods for functional studies of the individual genes identified. Together, this integration of comparative genomics with cellular and animal models should provide improved systems for developing effective therapeutics for disorders of cognition. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Usui, Noriyoshi; Co, Marissa; Konopka, Genevieve] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Neurosci, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Konopka, G (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Neurosci, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd,ND4-300, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM genevieve.konopka@utsouthwestern.edu FU NIMH [R00MH090238]; March of Dimes Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award; Once Upon a Time Foundation; CREW Dallas FX N.U. is a research fellow of The Uehara Memorial Foundation. G.K. is a Jon Heighten Scholar in Autism Research at UT Southwestern. This work was supported by the NIMH (R00MH090238), a March of Dimes Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award, Once Upon a Time Foundation, and CREW Dallas to G.K. 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Evol. PY 2014 VL 84 IS 2 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1159/000365182 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA AQ4DY UT WOS:000342743900004 PM 25247723 ER PT J AU Houser, L McCarthy, M Lawer, L Mandell, D AF Houser, Linda McCarthy, Megan Lawer, Lindsay Mandell, David TI A Challenging Fit: Employment, Childcare, and Therapeutic Support in Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; caregivers/caregiving; children; disability; parenting; social support; workplace ID BEHAVIORAL-DISORDERS; PARENTING STRESS; MOTHERS; PRESCHOOL; FATHERS; LEAVE; NEEDS; WORK AB Studies of families with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have documented substantial concerns at the intersection of work and family life. 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A major modification is that the separate chapter for disorders first diagnosed in childhood and adolescence was abandoned in favour of the integration of these clinical pictures into the relevant disorder-specific chapters. Several new diagnoses and diagnostic groups were introduced: "Disruptive mood regulation disorder" is a new diagnosis; the different diagnoses for autism were brought together into one, and a new diagnostic group for obsessive-compulsive disorders has been established. The developmental approach of DSM-5 and the integration of dimensional assessment tools are to be welcomed. Practice will show if the critiques afraid of possible increases in prevalences or those who approve the changes will end up being right. C1 KJPD Zurich, Univ Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Logoz, MZ (reprint author), KJPD Zurich, Univ Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Neumunsterallee 3, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. 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PY 2014 VL 63 IS 7 BP 562 EP 576 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AQ2GI UT WOS:000342603400001 ER PT J AU Cowan, DG Vanman, EJ Nielsen, M AF Cowan, David G. Vanman, Eric J. Nielsen, Mark TI Motivated empathy: The mechanics of the empathic gaze SO COGNITION & EMOTION LA English DT Article DE Emotion; Empathy; Eye-tracking; Social interaction; Eye-gaze patterns ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MIND; ATTENTION; VOLUNTARY; ADULTS; FACE; EYES AB Successful human social interactions frequently rely on appropriate interpersonal empathy and eye contact. Here, we report a previously unseen relationship between trait empathy and eye-gaze patterns to affective facial features in video-based stimuli. Fifty-nine healthy adult participants had their eyes tracked while watching a three-minute long "sad" and "emotionally neutral" video. The video stimuli portrayed the head and shoulders of the same actor recounting a fictional personal event. Analyses revealed that the greater participants' trait emotional empathy, the more they fixated on the eye-region of the actor, regardless of the emotional valence of the video stimuli. Our findings provide the first empirical evidence of a relationship between empathic capacity and eye-gaze pattern to the most affective facial region ( eyes). C1 [Cowan, David G.; Vanman, Eric J.; Nielsen, Mark] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Cowan, DG (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. 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Emot. PY 2014 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1522 EP 1530 DI 10.1080/02699931.2014.890563 PG 9 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AP7XA UT WOS:000342290300016 PM 24568562 ER PT J AU McGuire, J Langdon, R Brune, M AF McGuire, Jonathan Langdon, Robyn Bruene, Martin TI Moral cognition in schizophrenia SO COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE schizophrenia; moral cognition; moral judgement interview ID ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL COGNITION; DECISION-MAKING; MENTAL-DISORDER; JUDGMENT; VIOLENCE; MIND; AUTISM; METAANALYSIS AB Introduction. Disordered moral behaviour and understanding of moral rules were described early in the literature on schizophrenia; however, moral cognition has received scant attention in spite of a large literature focused on social cognitive impairments and violent behaviour in schizophrenia. Methods. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the literature on violence, moral judgement and schizophrenia. Results. Initial empirical research into moral cognition in schizophrenia did not fully account for the basic- and social-cognitive deficits now known to characterise schizophrenia. Importantly, research into moral cognition in autism and psychopathy, disorders in part characterised by social cognitive impairments indicates subtle patterns of difference to the moral cognition of control participants. Recent neuroeconomic studies of moral cognition in schizophrenia have indicated that individuals with schizophrenia display subtle dysfunction in their fairness-related behaviours, but not in their propensity to engage in altruistic punishment. Conclusions. Further research has the potential to broaden our understanding of what is intact and what is impaired in moral cognition in schizophrenia and also to inform our theories of the structures subserving moral judgement in the general population. Furthermore, a more thorough understanding of moral cognitive impairments in schizophrenia may have implications for both legal process and psychosocial rehabilitation. C1 [McGuire, Jonathan; Langdon, Robyn] Macquarie Univ, CCD Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders, Dept Cognit Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Bruene, Martin] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Div Cognit Neuropsychiat & Psychiat Prevent Med, LWL Univ Hosp Bochum, Bochum, Germany. RP McGuire, J (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, CCD Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders, Dept Cognit Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM jonathan.mcguire@mq.edu.au FU Australian Research Council [DP120101014] FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (Discovery Project [grant number DP120101014] to R.L. and M.B.). 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Neuropsychiatry PY 2014 VL 19 IS 6 BP 495 EP 508 DI 10.1080/13546805.2014.928195 PG 14 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AP7VP UT WOS:000342286000003 PM 24963651 ER PT J AU Gillespie-Smith, K Doherty-Sneddon, G Hancock, PJB Riby, DM AF Gillespie-Smith, Karri Doherty-Sneddon, Gwyneth Hancock, Peter J. B. Riby, Deborah M. TI That looks familiar: attention allocation to familiar and unfamiliar faces in children with autism spectrum disorder SO COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE social attention; self; familiarity; autism; face perception ID SELF-RELEVANT INFORMATION; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; FIXATION PATTERNS; EYE-MOVEMENTS; RECOGNITION; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; TRACKING; REPRESENTATION; COMPETENCE AB Introduction. Existing eye-tracking literature has shown that both adults and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show fewer and slower fixations on faces. Despite this reduced saliency and processing of other faces, recognition of their own face is reported to be more "typical" in nature. This study uses eye-tracking to explore the typicality of gaze patterns when children with ASD attend their own faces compared to other familiar and unfamiliar faces. Methods. Eye-tracking methodology was used to explore fixation duration and time taken to fixate on the Eye and Mouth regions of familiar, unfamiliar and Self Faces. Twenty-one children with ASD (9-16 years) were compared to typically developing matched groups. Results. There were no significant differences between children with ASD and typically matched groups for fixation patterns to the Eye and Mouth areas of all face types (familiar, unfamiliar and self). Correlational analyses showed that attention to the Eye area of unfamiliar and Self Faces was related to socio-communicative ability in children with ASD. Conclusions. Levels of socio-communicative ability in children with ASD were related to gaze patterns on unfamiliar and Self Faces, but not familiar faces. This lack of relationship between ability and attention to familiar faces may indicate that children across the autism spectrum are able to fixate these faces in a similar way. The implications for these findings are discussed. C1 [Gillespie-Smith, Karri; Hancock, Peter J. B.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Sch Nat Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Doherty-Sneddon, Gwyneth] Northumbria Univ, Fac Arts Design & Social Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Riby, Deborah M.] Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Gillespie-Smith, K (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh EH14 1AS, Midlothian, Scotland. 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Neuropsychiatry PY 2014 VL 19 IS 6 BP 554 EP 569 DI 10.1080/13546805.2014.943365 PG 16 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AP7VP UT WOS:000342286000007 PM 25101966 ER PT J AU Diener, ML Wright, CA Smith, KN Wright, SD AF Diener, Marissa L. Wright, Cheryl A. Smith, Katherine N. Wright, Scott D. TI Assessing Visual-Spatial Creativity in Youth on the Autism Spectrum SO CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISORDER; ABILITIES; CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; EMPLOYMENT; DIAGNOSIS; EDUCATION; INCREASE; TALENT; LEVEL AB The goal of this study was to develop a measure of creativity that builds on the strengths of youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The assessment of creativity focused on the visual-spatial abilities of these youth using 3D modeling software. One of the objectives of the research was to develop a measure of creativity in an authentic learning environment that built on the interests and creative talents of youth with ASD. Traditional creativity tests may underestimate the creativity of youth with ASD because of the tests' constrained nature, such as having a time limit, being limited to paper and pencil, testing in an over-or understimulating environment, and overlooking visual-spatial ability. A random selection of 27 student 3D design projects (out of approximately 100 projects) was assessed using dimensions of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The validity of this assessment was examined by comparing the creativity scores of the 27 projects to the creativity scores given by a team of Google experts (3D designers and software engineers). Results indicated that the scores were significantly correlated for three of the four dimensions of the creativity assessment. There was high inter-rater reliability among coders (M = .82) using intra-class correlation (ICC). 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PY 2014 VL 26 IS 3 BP 328 EP 337 DI 10.1080/10400419.2014.929421 PG 10 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AP7ZT UT WOS:000342298100008 ER PT J AU Mochizuki, AA Sudo, MM Kirino, E Itoh, K AF Mochizuki, Akito Azumane Sudo, Michiko Mochizuki Kirino, Eiji Itoh, Kenji TI Brain activation associated with motor imagery of coordination exercises and social abilities SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coaching; exercise; cognition ID MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; JOINT ACTION; COGNITION; PERCEPTION; OPERATIONS; FOLLOWER; AUTISM; LEADER AB The purposes of the present study were: (1) to investigate the brain activation associated with coordination exercises done by one person and those by two persons and (2) to examine the interrelationships between the brain activation and social abilities. We were interested in testing the hypothesis that viewing two-person coordination exercises evokes more sophisticated brain activation than viewing one-person coordination exercises. Thirty Japanese college students served as subjects. There were two sessions in this study: the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session and the social ability session. In the fMRI session, the subjects were instructed to imagine they were performing coordination exercises. Also, we examined the social abilities from the viewpoint of empathising. Empathising was measured by self-reports on the Systemising, Empathy and Autism Spectrum Quotients (SQ, EQ and AQ). Regarding brain activation, blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation was significant in specific areas such as the left cuneus (Brodmann area: BA 17) when the subjects imagined they were performing exercises involving two persons, as compared with the cases when they imagined they were performing exercises involving only one person. The fMRI results showed that exercises done by two persons require more sophisticated communication than those done by one person. Furthermore, the results of this study suggested that those with more autistic traits may undergo difficulties in the exercises done by two persons, especially in the case of playing a role as a follower. C1 [Mochizuki, Akito Azumane] Teikyo Heisei Univ, Fac Community Hlth Care, Ichihara, Chiba 2900193, Japan. [Sudo, Michiko Mochizuki] Juntendo Univ, Sch Hlth & Sports Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Kirino, Eiji] Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Itoh, Kenji] Teikyo Heisei Univ, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Mochizuki, AA (reprint author), Teikyo Heisei Univ, Fac Community Hlth Care, 4-1 Uruidominami, Ichihara, Chiba 2900193, Japan. EM akey1223@gmail.com FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [21500604] FX The research reported in this paper was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [grant number #21500604]. 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PY 2014 VL 14 IS 7 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1080/17461391.2014.893019 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AP7VN UT WOS:000342285700005 PM 24621266 ER PT J AU Wang, LH Chen, TY Chen, HS Chien, SHL AF Wang, Liang Hui Chen, Tzu-Yun Chen, Hsin-Shui Chien, Sarina Hui-Lin TI Impaired biological motion perception and action recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder SO I-PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Liang Hui; Chien, Sarina Hui-Lin] China Med Univ, Grad Inst Neural & Cognit Sci, Taichung, Taiwan. [Wang, Liang Hui; Chen, Tzu-Yun; Chen, Hsin-Shui] China Med Univ, Bei Gang Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Taichung, Taiwan. [Chen, Hsin-Shui] China Med Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Taichung, Taiwan. EM wlhui0815@gmail.com RI Chen, HsinShui/C-7898-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 2041-6695 J9 I-PERCEPTION JI I-Perception PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 MA P2-46 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AP9BQ UT WOS:000342373600156 ER PT J AU Kaltiala-Heino, R Eronen, M Putkonen, H AF Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu Eronen, Markku Putkonen, Hanna TI Violent girls in adolescent forensic care are more often psychotic and traumatized than boys in the same level of care SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE violence; aggression; adolescent forensic psychiatry; gender difference ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC RATING-SCALE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; CONDUCT DISORDER; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDRENS DEPRESSION; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-DISORDERS; UNITS AB Background: Most research on violent perpetrators is based on male samples. Aims: To compare girls and boys admitted to an adolescent forensic unit due to physically violent and/or sexually coercive behavior. Methods: On an adolescent forensic ward, demographics, family, treatment, crime and victimization histories, diagnose, psychiatric symptoms and violent behaviors during care of all adolescents are collected in a cumulative database. These were compared between girls and boys admitted due to violent behaviors. Results: Girls were more often diagnosed with schizophrenia group psychoses. The symptom profiles and violence risk ratings did not differ by sex. The girls were less antisocial in general. They were more suicidal and displayed more promiscuous behaviors, and they had more commonly been victims of sexual abuse. During inpatient care they displayed much more often violent and uncontrollable behaviors than the boys. Conclusion: Treatment approaches that respond to the special needs of aggressive girls are required. 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Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. PY 2014 VL 25 IS 6 BP 636 EP 657 DI 10.1080/14789949.2014.943795 PG 22 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA AP8HU UT WOS:000342320700002 ER PT J AU Blair, DV AF Blair, Deborah V. TI Teaching music to students with autism SO MUSIC EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Blair, Deborah V.] Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. RP Blair, DV (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. EM dvblair@oakland.edu CR HAMMEL AM, 2013, TEACHING MUSIC STUDE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1461-3808 EI 1469-9893 J9 MUSIC EDUC RES JI Music Educ. Res. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 3 BP 367 EP 369 DI 10.1080/14613808.2014.889874 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Music SC Education & Educational Research; Music GA AP8IJ UT WOS:000342322400008 ER PT J AU Kim, J AF Kim, Jinah TI The trauma of parting: Endings of music therapy with children with autism spectrum disorders SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY LA English DT Article DE trauma; endings; autism spectrum disorders; improvisational music therapy ID ATTACHMENT; BEHAVIORS; MOTHERS AB Some children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are intensely affected by separation and changes in therapy. They tend to display varying degrees of difficulties in dealing with holidays, breaks and the closure of music therapy. This difficulty is often intensified when the child is strongly attached to the therapist and has precarious awareness of what ending means, and yet lacks the capacity for emotional self-regulation. Preparing children for parting might bring about excessive anxiety, overwhelming distress and even the fear of death and dying that the child finds difficult to contain or to articulate in words. This article explores and examines clinical phenomena and issues of ending in improvisational music therapy with children with ASD and how the difficulty is addressed, contained and transformed in spontaneous interaction (both musical and non-musical), between the therapist and the child. In order to enhance a better understanding of the phenomena of endings, some fundamental aspects of the mutual music making process in music therapy and its consequences in the therapeutic relationship are described and linked to issues of endings in different stages of music therapy. The role of the music and the therapist in helping the child to cope with endings in music therapy will be discussed in depth through clinical vignettes within the psychodynamic perspectives. C1 Jeonju Univ, Arts Therapy Res Ctr, Dept Arts Therapy, Jeonju, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Jeonju Univ, Arts Therapy Res Ctr, Dept Arts Therapy, Jeonju, South Korea. 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Theoret, Hugo TI Empathy, autistic traits, and motor resonance in adults with Turner syndrome SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mirror neurons; Social cognition; Empathy; TMS; X-chromosome; Autism ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; X-LINKED GENES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORTICOSPINAL EXCITABILITY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MIRROR NEURONS; RECOGNITION DEFICITS; EMBODIED EMPATHY; FEAR RECOGNITION; HAND GESTURES AB Turner syndrome is a genetic condition resulting from the partial or complete absence of an X-chromosome in phenotypic females. Individuals with Turner syndrome often display social difficulties that are reminiscent of those associated with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), conditions associated with empathy and mirror-neuron system (MNS) deficits. The goal of the present study was (1) to investigate the extent to which adults with Turner syndrome display autistic and empathic traits, and (2) to probe the integrity of the MNS in this neurogenetic disorder. Sixteen individuals with Turner syndrome and 16 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched controls took part in a neuropsychological assessment where the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, the Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Empathy Quotient were administered. Functioning of the MNS was assessed by measuring motor cortex activity with transcranial magnetic stimulation during an action-observation task. Results show that individuals with Turner syndrome do not differ significantly from controls regarding autistic or empathic traits, and present normal functioning of the MNS during action observation. Correlational analysis showed a significant positive relationship between scores on the Empathy Quotient and motor facilitation during action observation, bringing further support to the hypothesis that MNS activity is related to sociocognitive competence. C1 [Lepage, Jean-Francois; Lortie, Melissa; Theoret, Hugo] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. 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Neurosci. PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 BP 601 EP 609 DI 10.1080/17470919.2014.944317 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AP8FC UT WOS:000342313100005 PM 25079009 ER PT J AU Papagiannopoulou, EA Chitty, KM Hermens, DF Hickie, IB Lagopoulos, J AF Papagiannopoulou, Eleni A. Chitty, Kate M. Hermens, Daniel F. Hickie, Ian B. Lagopoulos, Jim TI A systematic review and meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies in children with autism spectrum disorders SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE ASD; Children; Eye-gaze; Face-processing; Fixation; Meta-analysis ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; HUMAN AMYGDALA; SOCIAL SCENES; SPONTANEOUS ATTENTION; BIOLOGICAL MOTION AB Aberrant eye gaze mechanisms have been implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Studies of eye movements in children with ASD reveal diminished eye gaze duration and lack of specific eye gaze fixation to the eyes and/or mouth compared with controls. However, findings to date have been contradictory. We examined eye-tracking studies on face processing in children with ASD and conducted meta-analyses to examine whether these children demonstrate atypical fixation on primary facial regions. Twenty eye-tracking studies in children with ASD were reviewed, of which the results from 14 studies were incorporated in the meta-analyses that evaluated fixation duration on (i) eyes (eight studies) and (ii) mouth (six studies). The results reveal that children with ASD have significantly reduced gaze fixation to the eye region of faces. The results of the meta-analyses indicate that ASD patients have significant impairments in gaze fixation to the eyes. 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Neurosci. PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 BP 610 EP 632 DI 10.1080/17470919.2014.934966 PG 23 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AP8FC UT WOS:000342313100006 PM 24988218 ER PT J AU Yang, PC Chang, CL AF Yang, Pinchen Chang, Chen-Lin TI Glutamate-Mediated Signaling and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Emerging Treatment Targets SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Glutamate; autism spectrum disorders; treatment ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; N-METHYLGLYCINE SARCOSINE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TRANSPORTER-I INHIBITOR; OPEN-LABEL TRIAL; D-CYCLOSERINE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; MOUSE MODEL AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are developmental disorders that are characterized by deficits in reciprocal social interactions and communication, as well as by the presence of impairing repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Prior work examining human pathology, and model systems and genetic studies have all led to the current conceptualization of ASD as a disorder of synaptic formation and functioning (a "synapsopathy"). In this regard, glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in central nervous system synaptic transmission, with roles in learning, memory and synaptic plasticity, is hypothesized to play an important role in the pathophysiology of ASD. Molecules targeting glutamate signaling have been suggested to possess therapeutic potential for ASD treatment. This review focuses on the role of the structure and function of glutamate receptors, describes synaptic cell-adhesion molecule pathways related to glutamate and/or ASD, introduces a rare disease approach in the development of novel drugs for ASD treatment, and reports on glutamate-related clinical trials. We will also present promising new techniques using human-induced pluripotent stem cells, which may afford researchers the ability to study the relationships between clinical phenotypes, cellular responses and glutamate involvement in ASD. C1 [Yang, Pinchen] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Yang, Pinchen] Kaohsiung Med Univ Hosp, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Chang, Chen-Lin] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Grad Inst Med, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Chang, Chen-Lin] Kaohsiung Armed Forces Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Chang, Chen-Lin] Meiho Univ, Coll Nursing & Hlth, Dept Nursing, Neipu Township, Taiwan. RP Yang, PC (reprint author), 100,Shin Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. 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The behaviors are similar in form, are similarly affected by environmental conditions, and are improved with similar treatment methods such as enrichment, training, and drug therapy. However, because of a greater number of commonalities in these factors, nonhuman primates may serve as a better model for stereotyped behavior in individuals with autism or intellectual disability than for compulsions in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Because animal models may not be exact in all features of the disorder being studied, it is important to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of using a nonhuman primate model for stereotyped behavior in people with psychological disorders. C1 Texas Biomed Res Inst, SNPRC, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. RP Lutz, CK (reprint author), Texas Biomed Res Inst, SNPRC, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 55 IS 2 BP 284 EP 296 DI 10.1093/ilar/ilu016 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AP6WK UT WOS:000342218800007 PM 25225307 ER PT J AU Korkiakangas, T Rae, J AF Korkiakangas, Terhi Rae, John TI The interactional use of eye-gaze in children with autism spectrum disorders SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; eye-gaze; conversation analysis; social interaction; interactional competence ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CONVERSATION ANALYSIS; MIND; ATTENTION; ADULTS; ORGANIZATION; DISABILITY; ABSENCE AB The well-known impairments in the social use of eye-gaze by children with autism have been chiefly explored through experimental methods. The present study aims to contribute to the naturalistic analysis of social eye-gaze by applying Conversation Analysis to video recordings of three Finnish children with a diagnosis of autism, each interacting with familiar others in ordinary settings (total 6 hours). 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Experiments involving these toys were implemented with 15 families with preschool-aged high-functioning autistic children. The results showed that (a) loose sequin (No. 15), which possessed equal tactile and visual intensities, was strongly correlated with frequent smiling/laughing and high enjoyment levels. The fabric provided a loose tactile sensation regarding surface interweave uniformity and a bright visual sensation regarding visually perceived luster; (b) suede (No. 5) exhibited a greater tactile intensity than visual intensity and was correlated with eye contact and activity response. This fabric possessed a smooth visual sensation regarding visually perceived smoothness; and (c) loose sequin (No. 15), which possessed equal tactile and visual intensities, was highly correlated with finger pointing and initiation. This fabric offered a thin tactile sensation regarding surface interweave thickness and a bright visual sensation regarding visually perceived luster. We suggest applying fabrics to composite toys. Specifically, loose sequin can be used initially to encourage autistic children to interact; subsequently, suede can enable sustained parent-child interaction. The experimental results provide a reference for establishing an innovative toy-design method for autistic children. C1 [Ma, Min-Yuan; Lee, Ya-Hsueh] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Ind Design, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lee, Ya-Hsueh] Tatung Inst Technol, Dept Visual Commun Design, Tainan 701, Taiwan. RP Lee, YH (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Ind Design, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. 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PY 2014 VL 15 IS 2 BP 260 EP 291 DI 10.1075/is.15.2.13ma PG 32 WC Communication; Linguistics SC Communication; Linguistics GA AP1GE UT WOS:000341815000013 ER PT J AU Pop, CA Pintea, S Vanderborght, B David, DO AF Pop, Cristina A. Pintea, Sebastian Vanderborght, Bram David, Daniel O. TI Enhancing play skills, engagement and social skills in a play task in ASD children by using robot-based interventions. A pilot study SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; VIRTUAL-REALITY; SYMBOLIC PLAY; PRETEND PLAY; LONG-TERM; PEOPLE; LANGUAGE; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS C1 [Pop, Cristina A.; Pintea, Sebastian; David, Daniel O.] Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Cluj Napoca 400015, Romania. [Vanderborght, Bram] Vrije Univ Brussel, Robot & Multibody Mech Res Grp, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [David, Daniel O.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Oncol Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Pop, CA (reprint author), Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Republicii 37 St, Cluj Napoca 400015, Romania. EM popcristina.anamaria@yahoo.com; sebastianpintea@psychology.ro; bram.vanderborght@vub.ac.be; daniel.david@ubbcluj.ro RI David, Daniel/N-1285-2014 FU CNCSIS-Bucharest, Romania [PN-IIIDPCE- 2011-3-0484] FX The authors wish to thank for the financial support provided form programs financed by CNCSIS-Bucharest, Romania project PN-IIIDPCE- 2011-3-0484 Exploring Robot-assisted therapy for children with ASD (Bram Vanderborght's contribution). 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Schulze, Andreas Herber-Jonat, Susanne TI Behavioural problems and learning impairments at age 7-10 after extreme prematurity SO KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG LA German DT Article DE extremely preterm; long term outcome; behavioural disorder; cognition; school; impairment ID EXTREMELY PRETERM CHILDREN; GERMAN HEALTH INTERVIEW; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; DIFFICULTIES-QUESTIONNAIRE; ADOLESCENTS KIGGS; SCHOOL-AGE; BORN; GESTATION; STRENGTHS; DISORDERS AB Because of improved medical care more and more premature infants survive and live without handicap. However, there is a substantial risk for long-term developmental disabilities. In this study 79 of 105 children (75 %) born before 25 completed weeks of gestation in two tertiary perinatal centers between 1999-2003 were evaluated between age 7 and 10 with a standardized examination of their neurological, somatic, cognitive abilities, behaviour, school achievement, need for special support, and supplemental therapy. The mean cognitive score was 87; 38 % had scores below 85. Almost half of the children attend special schools. We found high rates of developmental disorders (64 %), specific developmental disorders of academic skills (30 %), attention-deficit/hyperactivity syndrome (17 %), and autism spectrum disorder (6 %). Cognitive impairment, behavioural disorders, learning impairments, and poor academic achievements are common among extremely preterm infants. Relevant problems persist until school age and require additional health and educational resources. C1 [Streiftau, Silke; Bode, Harald] Univ Klin Kinder & Jugendmed Ulm, Sekt Sozialpadiatr Zentrum & Kinderneurol, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. [Voigt, Friedrich] Kbo Kinderzentrum Munchen, Sozialpadiatr Klin, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Hummler, Helmut D.] Univ Klin Kinder & Jugendmed Ulm, Sekt Neonatol & Padiatr Intensivmed, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. 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Entwickl. PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1026/0942-5403/a000149 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AP6CA UT WOS:000342163900006 ER PT J AU Demoz, Z Legesse, B Teklay, G Demeke, B Eyob, T Shewamene, Z Abera, M AF Demoz, Zaid Legesse, Befikadu Teklay, Gebrehiwot Demeke, Birhanu Eyob, Tewodros Shewamene, Zewdneh Abera, Mubarek TI Medication adherence and its determinants among psychiatric patients in an Ethiopian referral hospital SO PATIENT PREFERENCE AND ADHERENCE LA English DT Article DE medication adherence; psychiatric patients; Ethiopia ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; NONADHERENCE; INTERVENTIONS; OUTPATIENTS AB Background: The degree to which an individual follows medical advice is a major concern in every medical specialty. Non-adherence to psychiatric treatment regimens has a pro-found impact on the disease course, relapse, future recovery, cost of health care, and the outcome for the patient. The aim of this study was to assess medication adherence and its correlates among psychiatric patients at Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2013 at Ayder Referral Hospital, where 423 patients were selected by a systematic random sampling technique from all patients attending the psychiatric clinic at the hospital. Data were collected by trained data collectors through interview of the patients using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 software. Logistic regression was used to assess independent predictors of adherence. Results: A total of 387 patients completed the interview. Two hundred and sixteen (55.8%) and 113 (29.2%) were patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and mood disorder, respectively, while 35 (9%) and 23 (5.9%) had a diagnosis of drug addiction and autistic disorder. Two hundred and seven (71.6%) patients were found to be adherent to their medication. When adherence rates were observed according to type of disorder, 60 (53.1%), 24 (68.6%), 149 (69%), and 18 (78.3%) of patients with mood disorder, drug addiction, schizophrenia, and autism, respectively, were adherent to their medications. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-3.74), tertiary education (AOR 2.69; 95% CI 1.46-4.85), living with family (AOR 2.57; 95% CI 1.66-4.58), and shorter treatment duration (AOR 1.82; 95% CI 1.21-2.84) were among the variables associated with better adherence. Conclusion: Suboptimal adherence was observed among psychiatric patients in this study. Health professionals in the psychiatric clinic and pharmacists need to focus on and counsel patients about adherence and its implications for their clinical outcome. C1 [Demoz, Zaid; Legesse, Befikadu; Teklay, Gebrehiwot; Demeke, Birhanu] Mekelle Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Eyob, Tewodros] Jimma Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Pharm, Jimma, Ethiopia. [Shewamene, Zewdneh] Univ Gondar, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Gondar, Ethiopia. [Abera, Mubarek] Jimma Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, Jimma, Ethiopia. RP Eyob, T (reprint author), Jimma Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Pharm, POB 378, Jimma, Ethiopia. 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Disord.-Drug Targets PY 2014 VL 13 IS 5 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AP1YJ UT WOS:000341868000006 PM 24365182 ER PT J AU Lozano, R Hare, EB Hagerman, RJ AF Lozano, Reymundo Hare, Emma B. Hagerman, Randi J. TI Modulation of the GABAergic pathway for the treatment of fragile X syndrome SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Review DE gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system; targeted treatments; autism; ganaxolone; arbaclofen ID GABA UPTAKE INHIBITOR; KNOCKOUT MOUSE MODEL; TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; FMR1 PREMUTATION; MESSENGER-RNA; OPEN-LABEL; RECEPTOR; AUTISM AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and the most common single-gene cause of autism. It is caused by mutations on the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1) and lack of fragile X mental retardation protein, which in turn, leads to decreased inhibition of translation of many synaptic proteins. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) hypothesis states that the neurological deficits in individuals with FXS are due mainly to downstream consequences of overstimulation of the mGluR pathway. The main efforts have focused on mGluR5 targeted treatments; however, investigation on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and its potential as a targeted treatment is less emphasized. The fragile X mouse models (Fmr1-knock out) show decreased GABA subunit receptors, decreased synthesis of GABA, increased catabolism of GABA, and overall decreased GABAergic input in many regions of the brain. Consequences of the reduced GABAergic input in FXS include oversensitivity to sensory stimuli, seizures, and anxiety. Deficits in the GABA receptors in different regions of the brain are associated with behavioral and attentional processing deficits linked to anxiety and autistic behaviors. The understanding of the neurobiology of FXS has led to the development of targeted treatments for the core behavioral features of FXS, which include social deficits, inattention, and anxiety. These symptoms are also observed in individuals with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, therefore the targeted treatments for FXS are leading the way in the treatment of other neurodevelopmental syndromes and autism. The GABAergic system in FXS represents a target for new treatments. Herein, we discuss the animal and human trials of GABAergic treatment in FXS. Arbaclofen and ganaxolone have been used in individuals with FXS. Other potential GABAergic treatments, such as riluzole, gaboxadol, tiagabine, and vigabatrin, will be also discussed. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of GABAergic treatments for FXS. C1 [Lozano, Reymundo; Hare, Emma B.; Hagerman, Randi J.] UC Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Lozano, Reymundo; Hare, Emma B.; Hagerman, Randi J.] UC Davis Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Lozano, R (reprint author), UC Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM reymundo.lozano@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU NICHD [HD 036071]; Autism Research Training Program [MH073124]; Department of Defense grant [PR101054]; Health and Human Services Administration on Developmental Disabilities [90DD05969]; National Center for Advancing Translational Research [UL1 TR000002] FX Funding for this chapter includes NICHD grant HD 036071, the Autism Research Training Program (MH073124), Department of Defense grant PR101054, support from the Health and Human Services Administration on Developmental Disabilities (grant 90DD05969), and the National Center for Advancing Translational Research (UL1 TR000002). 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Soc. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1248 EP 1259 DI 10.1080/09687599.2014.923750 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA AO5UK UT WOS:000341410600006 ER PT J AU Waltz, M AF Waltz, Mitzi TI Worlds of autism: across the spectrum of neurological difference SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Waltz, Mitzi] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. [Waltz, Mitzi] Disabil Studies Nederland, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Waltz, M (reprint author), Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. 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PY 2014 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1337 EP 1338 DI 10.1080/09687599.2014.934064 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA AO5UK UT WOS:000341410600017 ER PT J AU Paquette-Smith, M Weiss, J Lunsky, Y AF Paquette-Smith, Melissa Weiss, Jonathan Lunsky, Yona TI History of Suicide Attempts in Adults With Asperger Syndrome SO CRISIS-THE JOURNAL OF CRISIS INTERVENTION AND SUICIDE PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE suicidality; depression; Asperger syndrome; autism ID AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDER; AQ AB Background: Individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS) may be at higher risk for attempting suicide compared to the general population. Aims: This study examines the issue of suicidality in adults with AS. Method: An online survey was completed by 50 adults from across Ontario. The sample was dichotomized into individuals who had attempted suicide (n = 18) and those who had not (n = 32). We examined the relationship between predictor variables and previous attempts, and compared the services that both groups are currently receiving. Results: Over 35% of individuals with AS reported that they had attempted suicide in the past. Individuals who attempted suicide were more likely to have a history of depression and self-reported more severe autism symptomatology. Those with and without a suicidal history did not differ in terms of the services they were currently receiving. This study looks at predictors retrospectively and cannot ascertain how long ago the attempt was made. Although efforts were made to obtain a representative sample, there is the possibility that the individuals surveyed may be more or less distressed than the general population with AS. Conclusion: The suicide attempt rate in our sample is much higher than the 4.6% lifetime prevalence seen in the general population. These findings highlight a need for more specialized services to help prevent future attempts and to support this vulnerable group. C1 [Paquette-Smith, Melissa; Lunsky, Yona] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5V 2B4, Canada. [Weiss, Jonathan] York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. RP Lunsky, Y (reprint author), Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Dual Diag Serv, 501 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M5V 2B4, Canada. 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McSweeney, C. Mao, Y. TI The Applications of Pharmacogenomics to Neurological Disorders SO CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Genome wide association study (GWAS); neurodegenerative diseases; pharmacogenomics; psychiatric disorders ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E EPSILON-4; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; METHYLPHENIDATE DOSE-RESPONSE; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; LEVODOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIAS AB The most common neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, have received recent attention with regards to pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. Here, we will focus on a neglected neurodegenerative disorder, cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), and highlight recent advances in two disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), that possess both similar and distinct mechanisms in regards to potential therapeutic targets. In the first part of this review, we will focus primarily on mechanisms that are somewhat specific to each disorder which are involved in neurodegeneration (i.e., protease pathways, calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species regulation, DNA repair mechanisms, neurogenesis regulation, mitochondrial function, etc.). In the second part of this review, we will discuss the applications of the genome-wide technology on pharmacogenomics of mental illnesses including schizophrenia (SCZ), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). 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Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), immuno-inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCATs) pathway play significant interactive roles in driving the early developmental etiology and course of ASD. O&NS interactions with immuno-inflammatory pathways mediate their effects centrally via the regulation of astrocyte and microglia responses, including regional variations in TRYCATs produced. Here we review the nature of these interactions and propose an early developmental model whereby different ASD genetic susceptibilities interact with environmental and epigenetic processes, resulting in glia biasing the patterning of central interarea interactions. A role for decreased local melatonin and N-acetylserotonin production by immune and glia cells may be a significant treatment target. C1 [Anderson, George] CRC, Glasgow G11 7QT, Lanark, Scotland. [Maes, Michael] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Psychiat, Bangkok, Thailand. [Maes, Michael] Deakin Univ, Dept Psychiat, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. RP Anderson, G (reprint author), CRC, Rm 30,57 Laurel St, Glasgow G11 7QT, Lanark, Scotland. 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Neuropharmacol. PY 2014 VL 12 IS 2 BP 148 EP 167 DI 10.2174/1570159X11666131120223757 PG 20 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AN8GN UT WOS:000340842100006 PM 24669209 ER PT J AU Key, AP Corbett, BA AF Key, Alexandra P. Corbett, Blythe A. TI ERP Responses to Face Repetition During Passive Viewing: A Nonverbal Measure of Social Motivation in Children With Autism and Typical Development SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; 9-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; OBJECT RECOGNITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MEMORY; RECOLLECTION; FAMILIARITY; ADULTS; PERCEPTION AB This study examined whether individual differences in social motivation affect the extent of processing of social versus nonsocial information. Event-related potentials were recorded in 13 children with autism spectrum disorder and 11 typically developing children during passive viewing of unfamiliar faces and houses. One image in each category was presented repeatedly, the rest were shown once. Analyses indicated no group differences in the early perceptual responses. Only typical children evidenced larger P600 for the repeated faces. These results were replicated during a retest session. Individual differences in memory for the repeated faces correlated with standardized behavioral assessments of social skills. C1 [Key, Alexandra P.; Corbett, Blythe A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Key, Alexandra P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Hearing & Speech Sci, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Corbett, Blythe A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Key, AP (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, 230 Appleton Pl,Peabody Box 74, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 115 BP 203 EP 244 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-801311-3.00006-8 PG 42 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BB0TG UT WOS:000340685800007 PM 25131546 ER PT J AU McEwen, R AF McEwen, Rhonda TI Mediating sociality: the use of iPod Touch (TM) devices in the classrooms of students with autism in Canada SO INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE young people; communication studies; computer-mediated communication; e-learning; interactivity; mobile technology ID COMMUNICATION AB This study explores the roles that lower-cost, handheld touch technologies might play in the communication functions of children diagnosed on the autism spectrum. It reports on a case study of the use of Apple iPod Touch mobile digital devices in a public elementary school in downtown Toronto, Canada. Drawing from Vygotskian sociocultural theory researchers examined the consequences of handheld touch technologies on the communication and sociality of children with communicative disorders, with a primary emphasis on nonverbal autistic children. In the period between January 2010 and June 2010, iPod Touch devices were introduced into six elementary classrooms. While there were gains in communication for all participants, ranging from mild to significant, nine of the 12 students for whom we collected detailed data demonstrated statistically significant improvement in communication skills. Observations are made about the heightened levels of motivation, increased attention spans, and increased social interaction that students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibited when using these devices. Future research should explore the connection of touch-sensory inputs on the communication development of children with ASDs. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Commun Culture Informat & Technol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP McEwen, R (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Commun Culture Informat & Technol, CCT Bldg,3359 Mississauga Rd North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM rhonda.mcewen@utoronto.ca CR Autism Society of Canada, 2014, ASD RES PREV BERKOWITZ S, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF02284722 Dawe M., 2006, P SIGCHI C HUM FACT, DOI [10.1145/1124772.1124943, DOI 10.1145/1124772.1124943] Dowden P. 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Commun. Soc. PY 2014 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1264 EP 1279 DI 10.1080/1369118X.2014.920041 PG 16 WC Communication; Sociology SC Communication; Sociology GA AO3YG UT WOS:000341272700006 ER PT J AU Poon, KK Soon, S Wong, ME Kaur, S Khaw, J Ng, Z Tan, CS AF Poon, Kenneth K. Soon, Sijie Wong, Meng-Ee Kaur, Sarinajit Khaw, Joanne Ng, Zijia Tan, Chee Soon TI What is school like? Perspectives of Singaporean youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE youth; high-functioning autism; Asperger syndrome; perspectives; phenomenology; Singapore ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS AB This study sought to understand the perspectives of four youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFA) regarding their experiences in Singapore secondary schools. Qualitative analyses of in-depth interviews revealed that youth with HFA actively construct their experience of being a person with HFA. The extent to which the youth were engaged or disengaged in school appears to be related to the support provided by the environment. Implications of the findings for practice are discussed. The role of the phenomenological approach to providing insights into the lives of persons with HFA is also discussed. C1 [Poon, Kenneth K.; Soon, Sijie; Wong, Meng-Ee; Kaur, Sarinajit; Khaw, Joanne; Ng, Zijia] Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Tan, Chee Soon] Minist Educ, Psychol Serv Branch, Singapore, Singapore. RP Poon, KK (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM kenneth.poon@nie.edu.sg CR Aljunied S.M., 2011, 2 AS PAC AUT C AUG 8 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Ang RP, 2006, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V66, P522, DOI 10.1177/0013164405282461 Bauminger N, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P447, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00156 Bogdan R. 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PY 2014 VL 18 IS 10 SI SI BP 1069 EP 1081 DI 10.1080/13603116.2012.693401 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA AO4AD UT WOS:000341277700010 ER PT J AU Hoffmire, CA Magyar, CI Connolly, HV Fernandez, ID van Wijngaarden, E AF Hoffmire, Claire A. Magyar, Caroline I. Connolly, Heidi V. Fernandez, I. Diana van Wijngaarden, Edwin TI High Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Associated Comorbidities in a Community Sample of Children with Down Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; sleep disorders; sleep apnea syndromes; pediatrics ID SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; PEDIATRIC SLEEP; HABITS QUESTIONNAIRE; BEHAVIORAL-PROBLEMS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; APNEA; CHILDHOOD; PATTERNS; AUTISM; TONSILLECTOMY AB Study Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple comorbidities. Sleep disorders are common among children with DS and can cause significant distress for families. However, research is limited describing sleep problems and correlates in large population-based samples. Accordingly, we aimed to describe sleep behavior among children with DS and its relationship with medical conditions in this population. Methods: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study (2009-2011) of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with DS 7 to 17 years of age (N = 107). We assessed sleep problems using caregiver report on two validated screening tools: the Childhood Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). The prevalence of sleep problems was compared in children with and without important comorbidities using modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Results: 65% of children screened positive on the CSHQ for significant sleep problems in the past month, but their parents often did not report sleeping difficulties in their children. On the PSQ, 46% screened positive for sleep related breathing problems and 21% screened positive for sleep related movement disorders. Children with asthma, autism, and a history of enlarged adenoids and tonsils had more current sleep problems than children without these comorbidities. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sleep problems may be an important but under-recognized problem in children with DS. Sleep problems appear to be correlated with prevalent comorbidities, which may provide guidance to augment current practice guidelines to evaluate sleep problems in this population. C1 [Hoffmire, Claire A.] Dept Vet Affairs, Canandaigua, NY USA. [Magyar, Caroline I.; Connolly, Heidi V.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Fernandez, I. Diana; van Wijngaarden, Edwin] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Rochester, NY USA. RP Hoffmire, CA (reprint author), Canandaigua VA Med Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs, VISN Ctr Excellence Suicide Prevent 2, 400 Ft Hill Ave, Canandaigua, NY 14424 USA. EM Claire.Hoffmire@va.gov FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Research Training Fellowship in Preventive Cardiology [5 T32 HL07937 - 9] FX This was not an industry supported study. Financial Support was from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Research Training Fellowship in Preventive Cardiology (grant # 5 T32 HL07937 - 9). The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest. All work for this study was conducted at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Public Health Sciences, Rochester, NY. 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After coating the surface with L1, an axon-specific member of the Ig family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and optimizing microunit geometric parameters, we introduced low-dose methylmercury, a well-known, environmentally significant neurotoxicant, in the shared medium. Its developmental neurotoxicity was evaluated using a novel axonal pathfinding assay including axonal turning and branching rates at turning points in this model. Compared to the conventional neurite-outgrowth assay, this model's detection threshold for low-dose methylmercury was 10-fold more sensitive at comparable exposure durations. These preliminary results support study of developmental effects of known and potential neurotoxicants on axon pathfinding. This novel assay model would be useful to study neuronal disease mechanisms at the single-cell level. To our knowledge, the potential of methylmercury chloride to cause acute in vitro developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) at such a low dosage has not been reported. This is the first DNT test model with high reproducibility to use single-neuron axonal pathfinding under precise geometric guidance. C1 [Wei, Lina; Xi, Tingfei] Peking Univ, Acad Adv Interdisciplinary Studies, Ctr Biomed Mat & Tissue Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Sweeney, Andrew J.; Kindy, Mark S.; Gao, Bruce Z.] Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Biophoton Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sheng, Liyuan; Xi, Tingfei] Peking Univ, Shenzhen Inst, Key Lab Human Tissue Regenerat & Repair, Shenzhen 518057, Peoples R China. [Fang, Yu] Natl Inst Food & Drug Control, Inst Med Devices Control, Div Standardizat & Sci Res, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Kindy, Mark S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Neurosci, Charleston, SC 29466 USA. [Kindy, Mark S.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Regenerat Med & Cell Biol, Charleston, SC 29466 USA. [Kindy, Mark S.] Ralph H Johnson VA Med Ctr, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. RP Xi, TF (reprint author), Peking Univ, Acad Adv Interdisciplinary Studies, Ctr Biomed Mat & Tissue Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM xitingfei@pku.edu.cn; zgao@clemson.edu RI Sheng, Liyuan/E-2741-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31070847, 31370956]; Strategic New Industry Development Special Foundation of Shenzhen [JCYJ20130402172114948]; Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China [2011B050400011]; NIH COBRE grant from NIGMS [NIH P20GM103444] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Ken Webb for insightful discussion of application of L1. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31070847, 31370956), Strategic New Industry Development Special Foundation of Shenzhen (no. JCYJ20130402172114948), Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China (2011B050400011), and NIH COBRE grant from NIGMS (NIH P20GM103444). 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TI Epilepsy at a Summer Camp for Children and Young Adults With Developmental Disabilities: A 3-Year Experience SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID KNOWLEDGE; AUTISM; HEALTH; IMPACT AB The comprehensive care of children with epilepsy involves not only the treatment of seizures but also enhancement of their quality of life. Children with developmental disabilities are often unable to attend traditional summer camps because of safety concerns, as their prevalence of epilepsy is high and tends to be more severe. The goal of the current study is to describe our epilepsy experience at a summer camp adapted for children with developmental disabilities, with which the U. S. military has had a long-standing relationship. A retrospective chart review of all children and young adults attending summer sessions between 2008 and 2010 was performed. A total of 1,526 camp sessions were attended by 818 campers (mean 13.7 years), with 32.3% of campers having epilepsy. Of campers with epilepsy, 46.6% had cerebral palsy, 57.6% intellectual disability, and 28.8% autism spectrum disorders. Seizure frequency was at least weekly in 21.2% and at least daily in 13.3%. A history of status epilepticus was reported in 34.9%. There were seven camp infirmary visits because of seizures (incidence 1.4%), including two for status epilepticus. Thus, despite a high prevalence of severe epilepsy, in the setting of appropriate safety precautions, a safe camp experience can be provided, as seizure-related complications are rare. C1 [Bandino, Michelle L.; Garfinkle, Rebecca A.; Zickefoose, Betty A.; Hsieh, David T.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Garfinkle, Rebecca A.; Zickefoose, Betty A.; Hsieh, David T.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Neurol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Bandino, ML (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 36 IS 3 BP 204 EP 221 DI 10.1080/07317107.2014.934171 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA AN2BG UT WOS:000340387700003 ER PT J AU Weinger, PM AF Weinger, Paige M. TI An Early Start for Your Child With Autism: Using Everyday Activities to Help Kids Connect, Communicate, and Learn SO CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Weinger, Paige M.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Weinger, PM (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM paige.weinger@mssm.edu CR Rogers S. J., 2012, EARLY START YOUR CHI NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0731-7107 EI 1545-228X J9 CHILD FAM BEHAV THER JI Child Fam. Behav. Ther. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 3 BP 228 EP 235 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA AN2BG UT WOS:000340387700005 ER PT J AU Fine, JG Musielak, KA Semrud-Clikeman, M AF Fine, Jodene Goldenring Musielak, Kayla A. Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret TI Smaller splenium in children with nonverbal learning disability compared to controls, high-functioning autism and ADHD SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corpus callosum; High functioning autism; Nonverbal learning disorder; ADHD; Splenium; MRI; Asperger ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM MORPHOLOGY; WORKING-MEMORY; CONNECTIVITY; AGENESIS; AREA; CHILDHOOD; ADULTS; VOLUME AB The current study investigated morphological differences in the corpus callosum in children ages 8 to 18 years old with nonverbal learning disability (NLD; n = 19), high-functioning autism (HFA; n = 23), predominantly inattentive ADHD (ADHD: PI; n = 23), and combined type ADHD (ADHD: C; n = 25), as well as those demonstrating typical development (n = 57). Midsagittal area of the corpus callosum and five midsagittal anterior-to-posterior corpus callosum segments were examined using magnetic resonance imaging. Controlling for midsagittal brain area and age, no group differences were found for total corpus callosum area. This finding indicates that higher functioning children on the autistic spectrum do not have smaller corpus callosi as has been found in previous research with heterogeneous samples. Following segmentation of the corpus callosum, the NLD group was observed to have significantly smaller splenia compared to all other groups. Smaller splenia in the NLD group was associated with lower WASI PIQ scores but not WASI VIQ scores. Children with HFA were observed to have larger midbody areas than children with NLD and neurotypically developing children. Children with HFA and NLD demonstrated behavioral symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity similar to the ADHD groups indicating that corpus callosum differences seen in the NLD and HFA groups are not related to these behaviors. C1 [Fine, Jodene Goldenring; Musielak, Kayla A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Counseling Educ Psychol & Special Educ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Fine, JG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Sch Psychol, 620 Farm Lane,440 Erickson Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 641 EP 661 DI 10.1080/09297049.2013.854763 PG 21 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3CV UT WOS:000340463400001 PM 24215424 ER PT J AU Faja, S Dawson, G AF Faja, Susan Dawson, Geraldine TI Performance on the dimensional change card sort and backward digit span by young children with autism without intellectual disability SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Executive function; Working memory; Flexibility; Symptoms; Repetitive behaviors ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CENTRAL COHERENCE; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; REAL-WORLD; MIND; SYMPTOMS; DEFICITS; PRESCHOOLERS; TASK AB The early development of executive function (EF) and its relation to autism symptom expression is of considerable theoretical interest, particularly in children without general cognitive delay. Executive function was tested in 23 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) without intellectual disability and 20 age-and IQ-matched typically developing children. Even though performance was equivalent between the two groups on tests of general intelligence, flexibility in card sorting was lower for children with ASD. Verbal working memory during the backward digit span did not differ between groups. Among children with ASD, poorer performance on card sorting distinguished a subgroup with worse social-communication functioning above and beyond IQ. Controlling for IQ social and repetitive symptoms of ASD did not differ based on card sorting ability. C1 [Faja, Susan] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dawson, Geraldine] Duke Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Faja, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM susfaja@uw.edu FU NINDS Postdoctoral Award [T32NS007413]; Robert C. Bolles Graduate Fellowship in Psychology; International Society of Autism Research Dissertation Award; American Psychological Association Dissertation Award; Now Young Investigator Award FX An American Psychological Association Dissertation Award, International Society of Autism Research Dissertation Award, Robert C. Bolles Graduate Fellowship in Psychology, and NINDS Postdoctoral Award (T32NS007413) to the first author supported this project. Additional support was provided through collaboration with Michael Murias (Cure Autism Now Young Investigator Award). The project is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. We thank Jasleen Tiwana, Amandeep Kaur Virk, and Dana Kamara for research assistance, Stephanie Carlson for helpful comments regarding task selection, Jessica Greenson and Milani Smith for clinical supervision, and we especially thank the participants and their families. These data represent a portion of the first author's doctoral dissertation, and the DCCS was presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research, Philadelphia, PA in May 2010. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bodfish J.W., 1999, REPETITIVE BEHAV SCA Carlson SA, 2005, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V28, P595, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2802_3 Cohen M. 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D., 2002, HDB CHILDHOOD COGNIT, P445, DOI DOI 10.1002/9780470996652.CH20 Zelazo PD, 2006, NAT PROTOC, V1, P297, DOI 10.1038/nprot.2006.46 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0929-7049 EI 1744-4136 J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL JI Child Neuropsychol. PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 692 EP 699 DI 10.1080/09297049.2013.856395 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3CV UT WOS:000340463400004 PM 24266398 ER PT J AU McCann, JP Rider, GN Weiss, BA Litman, FR Baron, IS AF McCann, James P. Rider, G. Nicole Weiss, Brandi A. Litman, Fern R. Baron, Ida Sue TI Latent mean comparisons on the BRIEF in preterm children: Parent and teacher differences SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Extremely low birth weight; Factor analysis; Executive function; Behavior rating inventory of executive function; Factor structure ID BEHAVIOR RATING INVENTORY; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION BRIEF; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FIT INDEXES; ATTENTION; PRESCHOOLERS; VALIDITY; IMPAIRMENTS; ADOLESCENTS AB Executive function is a heterogeneous construct applied to cognitive capacities that together enable individuals to effectively engage in activities toward a purposive goal. Children born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at risk of executive dysfunction on performance-based measures. In natural contexts, executive function may be described using such parental and teacher questionnaires as the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). This study examined the factor structure of the BRIEF-parent form in 124 ELBW children and of the BRIEF-teacher form in 90 ELBW children. Although our data showed that the fit of a two-factor structure was adequate for the parent report, a three-factor model provided advantages over the two-factor model across all fit indices and best characterized the data. For teacher report, these data supported a three-factor but not a two-factor model. Using the three-factor model for both groups of informants, we compared parent and teacher reports (n = 90 pairs) between the three identified latent variables. Parents reported significantly more difficulty with Emotional Regulation (p < .05), and teachers reported significantly more difficulty with Behavioral Regulation (p < .05). No significant differences were found between parent and teacher reports for Metacognition. C1 [McCann, James P.; Rider, G. Nicole; Weiss, Brandi A.; Litman, Fern R.; Baron, Ida Sue] Inova Childrens Hosp, Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Baron, IS (reprint author), Inova Childrens Hosp, Fairfax Neonatal Associates, ABPP CN 2720 Prosper Ave,Suite 400 D, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. EM ida@isbaron.com CR ACHENBACH TM, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V101, P213, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 Anderson PJ, 2012, NEUROPSYCHOL REV, V22, P345, DOI 10.1007/s11065-012-9220-3 Anderson PJ, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, P50, DOI 10.1542/peds.114.1.50 Anderson PJ, 2011, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V36, P57, DOI 10.1080/87565641.2011.540538 Baron IS, 2012, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V18, P586, DOI 10.1080/09297049.2011.631906 Baron IS, 2010, NEUROPSYCHOL REV, V20, P430, DOI 10.1007/s11065-010-9132-z Baron IS, 2011, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V36, P5, DOI 10.1080/87565641.2011.540526 Baron IS, 2004, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL E Conrad A. 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R., 2002, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V8, P292 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0929-7049 EI 1744-4136 J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL JI Child Neuropsychol. PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 737 EP 751 DI 10.1080/09297049.2013.859663 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3CV UT WOS:000340463400007 PM 24295445 ER PT J AU Ayaz, AB Gokce, S Gumustas, F Ayaz, M AF Ayaz, Ayse Burcu Gokce, Sebla Gumustas, Funda Ayaz, Muhammed TI Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY LA English DT Article DE children; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder symptoms ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; FAMILIAL TRAIT; CHILDREN; ADHD; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; TWINS AB Background This study aimed to compare symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children according to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes and children without ADHD. Method The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), the Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) were used to evaluate the children. Results ASD symptoms were significantly higher in all ADHD subtypes. After controlling for age, gender, and CBCL social withdrawal score, the difference in ASD symptoms between the 3 ADHD subtypes was not significant. Conclusions Children with ADHD, regardless of subtype, had a similar risk of ASD symptoms. C1 [Ayaz, Ayse Burcu; Ayaz, Muhammed] Sakarya Univ, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Outpatient Clin, Training & Res Hosp, Sakarya, Turkey. [Gokce, Sebla] Erenkoy Psychiat & Neurol Res & Training Hosp, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Outpatient Clin, Istanbul, Turkey. [Gumustas, Funda] Adiyaman Univ, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Outpatient Clin, Training & Res Hosp, Adiyaman, Turkey. 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E., 1982, ADV LEARNING BEHAVIO, V1, P365 Polanczyk G, 2007, AM J PSYCHIAT, V164, P942, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.6.942 Reiersen AM, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P464, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01720.x Rubin DH, 2013, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V44, P361, DOI 10.1007/s10578-012-0330-1 Santosh PJ, 2006, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V32, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00631.x Santosh PJ, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P141, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0372-4 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1366-8250 EI 1469-9532 J9 J INTELLECT DEV DIS JI J. Intellect. Dev. Dis. PY 2014 VL 39 IS 3 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.3109/13668250.2014.916184 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AN2ZY UT WOS:000340455800008 ER PT J AU Cromartie, RS Flood, WA Luiselli, JK AF Cromartie, R. Samuel Flood, William A. Luiselli, James K. TI Graduated Exposure and Compliance Training Intervention for Blood Draw Avoidance and Refusal in a Woman With Intellectual Disability and Schizoaffective Disorder SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE medical avoidance; intellectual disability; graduated exposure; compliance training ID PROBABILITY REQUEST PROCEDURE; INCREASING COMPLIANCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM; PHOBIA AB This case report concerns a woman with intellectual disability, schizoaffective disorder, and avoidance and refusal of having her blood drawn. She required but refused blood draws to properly monitor the therapeutic dose of a necessary psychotropic medication. During intervention at a community-based habilitation setting and under simulated conditions, direct-care and supervisory staff (a) gradually exposed her to steps constituting a blood draw, (b) reinforced completed steps (praise and tokens), and (c) offered a monetary incentive to participate in an actual blood draw. Evaluated in a changing criterion design, the woman demonstrated increased compliance and eventually completed blood draws immediately following intervention, months later, and at 12- to 24-month follow-ups. We discuss implications from the case and the advantages of in vivo intervention for overcoming medical fears among people who have intellectual disability. C1 [Cromartie, R. Samuel; Flood, William A.] May Inst, Orange Pk, FL 32073 USA. [Luiselli, James K.] May Inst, Randolph, MA USA. RP Flood, WA (reprint author), May Inst, 1409 Kingsley Ave,Bldg 1,Suite C, Orange Pk, FL 32073 USA. EM wflood@mayinstitute.org CR Conyers C, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P233, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-233 Dixon M. R., 2011, TEACHING BEHAV SUPPO, P111 Grider B, 2012, CLIN CASE STUD, V11, P253, DOI 10.1177/1534650112448921 Hagopian LP, 2001, RES DEV DISABIL, V22, P141, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00063-4 Hartman D. P., 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P527 Kazdin A. E., 2011, SINGLE CASE RES DESI McComas JJ, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P287, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-287 Riviere V, 2011, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V44, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2011.44-193 Shabani DB, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.30-05 Slifer K. J., 2011, CLIN PEDIATR, V20, P1 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1931-5864 EI 1931-5872 J9 J MENT HEALTH RES IN JI J. Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1080/19315864.2012.750407 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2WW UT WOS:000339712800001 ER PT J AU Russo-Ponsaran, NM Berry-Kravis, E Mckown, CA Lipton, M AF Russo-Ponsaran, Nicole M. Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth Mckown, Clark A. Lipton, Meryl TI A Pilot Study of Social Information Processing Skills in Girls With Fragile X Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Fragile X syndrome; girls; social impairment; autism; social information processing ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS; STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS; COMMUNICATION QUESTIONNAIRE; PROACTIVE AGGRESSION; ACADEMIC ADJUSTMENT; PEER REJECTION; YOUNG GIRLS; CHILDREN; BOYS AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a well-described inherited cause of intellectual disability and the most common known genetic cause of autism. Social deficits in girls with FXS are not well understood. To better understand barriers to social functioning that may contribute to mental health outcomes, we administered a theoretically based social information processing (SIP) interview about challenging social situations to 11 verbal mental age-matched girls with and without FXS. We hypothesized that (a) girls with FXS have global SIP impairments and (b) less autism symptomatology is related to better SIP skills in girls with FXS. Compared to controls, girls with FXS performed significantly worse on an early SIP skill (problem identification). Scores on later SIP skills tended to be lower and exhibited moderate to strong effect sizes. Competency in goal generation was correlated with autistic-like communication skills. Systematic studies of SIP skills in larger cohorts of girls with FXS are warranted. C1 [Russo-Ponsaran, Nicole M.; Mckown, Clark A.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Rush NeuroBehav Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Dept Biochem,Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Lipton, Meryl] Rush Univ, Dept Behav Sci, Rush NeuroBehav Ctr, Dept Pediat,Dept Neurol Sci,Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. RP Russo-Ponsaran, NM (reprint author), 4711 W Golf Rd,Suite 1100, Skokie, IL 60076 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 143 EP 168 DI 10.1080/19315864.2013.791358 PG 26 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2WW UT WOS:000339712800004 ER PT J AU Chan, GFC Lai, KYC Luk, ESL Hung, SF Leung, PWL AF Chan, Grace Fong-Chun Lai, Kelly Yee-Ching Luk, Ernest Siu-Luen Hung, Se-Fong Leung, Patrick Wing-Leung TI Clinical utility of the Chinese Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors questionnaire (SWAN) when compared with DISC-IV SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE ADHD; SWAN; DISC-IV; validity ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PARENT RATING-SCALE; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; CRITERION VALIDITY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; HONG-KONG; CHILDREN AB Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and impairing child and adolescent psychiatric disorder. Early identification and prompt treatment are essential. Rating scales are commonly used by clinicians and researchers to assess ADHD children. Objective: In the current study, we aimed to examine the clinical utility of the Chinese version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviors (SWAN) questionnaire. We validated its subscale scores against the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (DISC-IV) and looked into its ability to identify ADHD in a psychiatric clinic setting. We also tested age and gender effects on SWAN scores. Specific subscale cutoff scores of SWAN were subsequently determined. Method: A total of 290 children aged 6-12 years old studying in local mainstream primary schools were recruited from a clinic setting and interviewed with the parent version of DISC-IV. Their parents and teachers completed the corresponding version of SWAN. Results: Both parent and teacher versions of SWAN were found to have good concurrent validity with DISC-IV. It could identify ADHD well in a clinic sample. Gender-specific cutoff scores were determined. Sensitivities and specificities were found to be satisfactory. SWAN was also found to perform equally well in identifying ADHD in those with and without comorbid Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Conclusion: SWAN was proven to be a useful tool to aid the assessment of ADHD in a clinic sample. C1 [Chan, Grace Fong-Chun] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lai, Kelly Yee-Ching; Hung, Se-Fong] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Leung, Patrick Wing-Leung] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Clin & Hlth Psychol Ctr, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chan, GFC (reprint author), Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 11 Chuen Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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Dis. Treat. PY 2014 VL 10 BP 1533 EP 1542 DI 10.2147/NDT.S65879 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AN5GL UT WOS:000340618600001 PM 25187717 ER PT J AU Esposito, P Ulett, O Staples, K Prestesater, H AF Esposito, Phil Ulett, Olivia Staples, Kerri Prestesater, Hannah TI Visual Supports for Test of Gross Motor Development-2 Testing in Youth With Autism SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Esposito, Phil; Ulett, Olivia] Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Staples, Kerri] Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Prestesater, Hannah] Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM p.esposito@tcu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0270-1367 EI 2168-3824 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PY 2014 VL 85 SU 1 SI SI BP 60 EP 61 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA AN1TV UT WOS:000340367400153 ER PT J AU Hauck, J Jeong, I Esposito, P MacDonald, M Ulrich, D AF Hauck, Janet Jeong, Irully Esposito, Phil MacDonald, Megan Ulrich, Dale TI Benefits of Bicycle Riding in Adolescents With Autism and Down Syndrome SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hauck, Janet] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jeong, Irully] Kookmin Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Esposito, Phil] Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [MacDonald, Megan] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ulrich, Dale] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jhauck@umich.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0270-1367 EI 2168-3824 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PY 2014 VL 85 SU 1 SI SI BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA AN1TV UT WOS:000340367400169 ER PT J AU Lee, J Porretta, DL AF Lee, Jihyun Porretta, David L. TI Physical Activity on Stereotypic Behaviors and Task Engagement in Autism SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Jihyun] Sam Houston State Univ, Huntsville, TX USA. [Porretta, David L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jlee@shsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0270-1367 EI 2168-3824 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PY 2014 VL 85 SU 1 SI SI BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA AN1TV UT WOS:000340367400189 ER PT J AU Obrusnikova, I Bibik, JM AF Obrusnikova, Iva Bibik, Janice M. TI Effects of Canines on Physical Activity of Children With Autism SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Obrusnikova, Iva; Bibik, Janice M.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM obrusnik@udel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0270-1367 EI 2168-3824 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PY 2014 VL 85 SU 1 SI SI BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA AN1TV UT WOS:000340367400201 ER PT J AU Pitchford, EA Hauck, J Ketcheson, L Reynolds, J Ulrich, D AF Pitchford, E. Andrew Hauck, Janet Ketcheson, Leah Reynolds, Jennifer Ulrich, Dale TI Use It or Lose It: Bicycle Riding Maintenance in Autism SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pitchford, E. Andrew; Hauck, Janet; Ketcheson, Leah; Ulrich, Dale] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reynolds, Jennifer] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH USA. EM apitch@umich.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0270-1367 EI 2168-3824 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PY 2014 VL 85 SU 1 SI SI BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA AN1TV UT WOS:000340367400206 ER PT J AU Dieringer, ST Porretta, DL Plummer, M AF Dieringer, Shannon Titus Porretta, David L. Plummer, Michele TI Task-Oriented Behaviors of Children With Autism During Gross Motor Activities SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dieringer, Shannon Titus; Plummer, Michele] Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Porretta, David L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sdieringer@bsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0270-1367 EI 2168-3824 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PY 2014 VL 85 SU 1 SI SI BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA AN1TV UT WOS:000340367400316 ER PT J AU Shaheen, S AF Shaheen, Sandra TI How Child's Play Impacts Executive Function-Related Behaviors SO APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD LA English DT Article DE executive function; interventions; play; self-regulation; TEAMS; Tools of the Mind ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BRAIN GYM(R); ADHD; INTERVENTION; AUTISM; TRIAL; OLD AB Executive functions refer to an array of organizing and self-regulating behaviors often associated with maturation of the prefrontal cortex. In fact, young children with rudimentary neurodevelopment of the prefrontal cortex develop ways to inhibit impulses and regulate behavior from a very early age. Can executive functioning be impacted by intervention, practice, or training? What interventions impact development of executive function in childhood, and how can these be studied? Several programs are reviewed that propose to positively impact executive/self-regulation skills. Evidence-based programs are contrasted with popular programs that have little empirical basis but have apparent wide acceptance by educators and families. As self-regulation has critical implications for later school and life success, interventions may well attenuate the negative consequences of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, brain injury, and social stressors. Programs with active play components may be more successful in eliciting improved executive function (defined here as self-regulation) because of the importance of motor learning early on and because of the social motivation aspects of learning. Caution is advised in the recommendation of programs where there is little empirical basis to support program claims. Carefully planned outcome studies can help bring the most effective components of programs to the mainstream. C1 [Shaheen, Sandra] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA USA. [Shaheen, Sandra] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Shaheen, S (reprint author), 319 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM longwoodneuro@earthlink.net CR Ayres J., 2005, SENSORY INTEGRATION Ayres JA, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION Bodrova E, 2011, NEW DIR CHILD ADOLES, V133, P11, DOI 10.1002/cd.301 Bodrova E., 2013, AM J PLAY, V6, P111 Butler R. W., 2002, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V8, P113 Castellanos X. F., 2001, STIMULANT DRUGS ADHD, P243 DENCKLA MB, 1974, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V16, P729 Dennison P. 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Kenworthy, Lauren Gioia, Gerard TI Contribution of Rating Scales to Intervention for Executive Dysfunction SO APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD LA English DT Article DE executive function; intervention; measurement ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERFORMANCE-BASED MEASURES; LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME AB Executive dysfunction is present in children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of clinical conditions. A growing body of literature has demonstrated the usefulness of rating scales designed to gauge executive functioning in everyday life. In this article, we discuss evidence supporting the use of such rating scales to assess intervention outcome, how they may inform development of interventions, and how comparing rater perspectives can assess awareness of cognitive dysfunction. We provide an example of how an executive function rating scale helped define intervention targets and measured outcomes in a recently published real-world intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. Rating scales of executive function provide valuable information with respect to treatment planning and assessment of intervention outcome. C1 [Isquith, Peter K.; Roth, Robert M.] Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychol Program, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Kenworthy, Lauren] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Neuropsychol, Rockville, MD USA. [Gioia, Gerard] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Neuropsychol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Isquith, PK (reprint author), Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychol Program, One Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. 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Neuropsychol.-Child PY 2014 VL 3 IS 3 SI SI BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1080/21622965.2013.870014 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AM8SM UT WOS:000340147400006 PM 24559500 ER PT J AU Runswick-Cole, K AF Runswick-Cole, Katherine TI 'Us' and 'them': the limits and possibilities of a 'politics of neurodiversity' in neoliberal times SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE neurodiversity; neoliberalism; identity; politics ID DISABILITY; MODEL AB The neurodiversity movement claims that there are neurological differences in the human population, and that autism is a natural variation among humans not a disease or a disorder, just 'a difference'. A 'politics of neurodiversity' is based on the claim that the 'neurodiverse' population constitutes a political grouping comparable with those of class, gender, sexuality or race. 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TI The Relationship Among Oral Language, Decoding Skills, and Reading Comprehension in Children with Autism SO EXCEPTIONALITY LA English DT Article ID ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POOR COMPREHENDERS; IMPAIRMENT; READERS; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS; HYPERLEXIA; ABILITIES; PATTERNS AB The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among oral language, decoding, and reading comprehension for children with autism. Participants included 13 English-speaking children with a diagnosis of high-functioning autism (IQ > 70) who were included in a typical classroom, and who had parents who spoke English. Parts of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, OWLS: Listening Comprehension, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were administered to measure oral language abilities, and parts of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test and Test of Word Reading Efficiency were given to assess decoding and reading comprehension. 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TI Trends in Autism Research: A Systematic Journal Analysis SO EXCEPTIONALITY LA English DT Article ID DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IV-TR; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; DESIGNS; STRESS AB Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong disability for which prevalence rates continue to increase. Persons with ASD vary widely in both severity of disability and services required. Therefore it is important to identify trends in research and evaluate progress in the field. The current study uses a journal analysis to evaluate research over a 12 year period in three prominent autism focused research journals: Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, and Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Findings include identification of trends in research designs, sample characteristics, and interventions. C1 [Graff, Heidi J.; Berkeley, Sheri; Evmenova, Anya S.; Park, Kristy L.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Berkeley, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 110A Krug Hall,MSN 1F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM sberkele@gmu.edu CR [Anonymous], 2012, FACTS AUT Barnett DW, 2004, J SPEC EDUC, V38, P66, DOI 10.1177/00224669040380020101 Boutot E. A., 2011, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO Cederlund M, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P72, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0364-6 Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, NEW DAT AUT SPECTR D Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009, PREV AUT SPECTR DIS Cooper J., 1987, APPL BEHAV ANAL de la Cruz B., 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P245, DOI 10.1177/10883576060210040601 Esbensen AJ, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1339, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0750-3 Estes A, 2009, AUTISM, V13, P375, DOI 10.1177/1362361309105658 Frazier TW, 2012, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V51, P28, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.09.021 Gage NA, 2010, BEHAV DISORDERS, V35, P280 Gast D. 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J., 2002, SCI RES ED Siegel M, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1592, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1399-2 Test DW, 2011, FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS, V26, P49, DOI 10.1177/1088357609351573 Thomson Reuters, 2012, J CITATION REPORTS Turnbull A., 2011, FAMILIES PROFESSIONA U.S. Department of Education Data Accountability Center, 2012, ANN REP C IMPL IND D Van Acker R., 1989, LD FOCUS, V4, P106 Wang SY, 2011, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V5, P562, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.023 Wehman P, 2009, AUTISM TRANSITION AD Wilson CE, 2013, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V43, P2515, DOI 10.1007/s10803-013-1799-6 Wing L, 2011, RES DEV DISABIL, V32, P768, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.003 Wolff S, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P201, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0363-5 Worley JA, 2012, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V6, P965, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.12.012 Yell ML, 1997, FOCUS EXCEPT CHILD, V30, P1 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0936-2835 EI 1532-7035 J9 EXCEPTIONALITY JI Exceptionality PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 158 EP 172 DI 10.1080/09362835.2013.865532 PG 15 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AM8VI UT WOS:000340155800003 ER PT J AU Smith, SC Wagner, MS AF Smith, Steele Clarke Wagner, Mark S. TI Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD) revisited: Can this concept explain the therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE cannabis; cannabinoids; endocannabinoids; medical marijuana; migraine; analgesia; headache; irritable bowel syndrome; fibromyalgia; causalgia; allodynia; THC; CBD ID RECEPTORS; MICE; HYPERALGESIA; INFLAMMATION; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB OBJECTIVES: Ethan B. Russo's paper of December 1, 2003 explored the concept of a clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD) underlying the pathophysiology of migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other functional conditions alleviated by clinical cannabis. METHODS: Available literature was reviewed, including searches via the National Library of medicine database and other sources. RESULTS: A review of the literature indicates that significant progress has been made since Dr. Ethan B. Russo's landmark paper, just ten years ago (February 2, 2004). Investigation at that time suggested that cannabinoids can block spinal, peripheral and gastrointestional mechanisms that promote pain in headache, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and muscle spasm. CONCLUSION: Subsequent research has confirmed that underlying endocannabinoid deficiencies indeed play a role in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and a growing list of other medical conditions. Clinical experience is bearing this out. Further research and especially, clinical trials will further demonstrate the usefulness of medical cannabis. As legal barriers fall and scientific bias fades this will become more apparent. C1 [Smith, Steele Clarke; Wagner, Mark S.] C3 Int, Garden Grove, CA 92843 USA. RP Smith, SC (reprint author), C3 Int Inc, 3055 West Orange Ave, Anaheim, CA 92804 USA. 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Lett. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 3 BP 198 EP 201 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM8UY UT WOS:000340154600006 PM 24977967 ER PT J AU Korhonen, V Karna, E Raty, H AF Korhonen, Vesa Karna, Eija Raty, Hannu TI Autism spectrum disorder and impaired joint attention: A review of joint attention research from the past decade SO NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE autism; joint attention; literature review ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; LANGUAGE; IMITATION; GAZE; BEHAVIORS; PRESCHOOL; SKILLS; PLAY AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been found to have impaired joint attention (JA), which is considered key for learning social communication. This study reviewed the JA literature from the past decade to explore the generality of the deficit and looked at the JA assessment methods to see whether children's interests and preferences that may impact the results had been taken into account. While this review found evidence of impaired JA, it also found evidence of intact JA skills at the individual and group levels, indicating a non-uniform impairment of JA. A largely homogeneous assessment methodology within the published research was discovered, and no study reported using children's interests to create the assessment situation. The finding of JA skill variation between and within groups and individuals suggests that JA is within the scope of the learning capabilities of individuals with ASD. Due to the JA skill variation, we suggest that reporting individual data among group data to be an important aspect. We also propose that the uniform testing methods for JA might not be bringing to the surface all the capabilities held by individuals with ASD, and hence, individualized assessments based on preferences are suggested. C1 [Korhonen, Vesa; Karna, Eija; Raty, Hannu] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Educ Sci & Psychol, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. RP Korhonen, V (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Educ Sci & Psychol, Philosph Fac, Joensuun Campus,Sci Pk,Lansikatu 15 Room 2C107, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. 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Psychol. PY 2014 VL 66 IS 2 BP 94 EP 107 DI 10.1080/19012276.2014.921577 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AM9LI UT WOS:000340202700003 ER PT J AU Ishii, M Matsuda, N AF Ishii, Miyuki Matsuda, Nobuko TI CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES IN COORDINATING RELATIONSHIPS: SCALE DEVELOPMENT SO SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; challenges; public health nurses; relationship coordination ID CONTENT VALIDITY; AUTISM SPECTRUM; DISORDERS; JAPAN; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; POPULATION; IMPACT AB We developed a scale for measuring the challenges faced by public health nurses in coordinating relationships for supporting preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, and examined the scale's construct validity using a factorial structure model. Participants were 708 Japanese public health nurses. The secondary structural model consisted of 6 factors with 25 items. 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However, as for now, little is known about the neural structure associated with self-disclosure. Therefore, in this study, we used voxel-based morphometry to explore regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and white matter volume (rWMV) associated with self-disclosure measured by the Jourard Self-disclosure Questionnaire in a large sample of college students. Results showed that individual self-disclosure was significantly and positively associated with rGMV of the left postcentral gyrus, which might be related to strengthen individual's ability of body feeling; while self-disclosure was significantly and negatively associated with rGMV of the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which might be involved in increased positive emotion experience seeking (intrinsically rewarding). In addition, individual self-disclosure was also associated with smaller rWMV in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). These findings suggested a biological basis for individual self-disclosure, distributed across different gray and white matter areas of the brain. C1 [Wang, ShanShan; Wei, DongTao; Li, WenFu; Li, HaiJiang; Wang, KangCheng; Xue, Song; Zhang, Qinglin; Qiu, Jiang] Minist Educ, Key Lab Cognit & Personal SWU, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [Wang, ShanShan; Wei, DongTao; Li, WenFu; Li, HaiJiang; Wang, KangCheng; Xue, Song; Zhang, Qinglin; Qiu, Jiang] Southwest Univ, Dept Psychol, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, J (reprint author), Southwest Univ, Dept Psychol, 2 TianSheng Rd, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China. EM qiuj318@swu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31271087]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University; Ministry of Education; Program for the Top Young Talents by Chongqing; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [SWU1209101]; Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M510098, XM2012006] FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [31271087], the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (2011) by the Ministry of Education, the Program for the Top Young Talents by Chongqing, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [SWU1209101], China, and Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project [2012M510098; XM2012006]. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 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Neuropsychol.-Adult PY 2014 VL 21 IS 3 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1080/09084282.2013.793191 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AM9VN UT WOS:000340229200005 PM 25084845 ER PT J AU Scuderi, S La Cognata, V Drago, F Cavallaro, S D'Agata, V AF Scuderi, Soraya La Cognata, Valentina Drago, Filippo Cavallaro, Sebastiano D'Agata, Velia TI Alternative Splicing Generates Different Parkin Protein Isoforms: Evidences in Human, Rat, and Mouse Brain SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID RECESSIVE JUVENILE PARKINSONISM; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LEWY BODIES; CELL-DEATH; DISEASE; GENE; EXPRESSION AB Parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2) gene mutations are the most frequent causes of autosomal recessive early onset Parkinson's disease and juvenile Parkinson disease. Parkin deficiency has also been linked to other human pathologies, for example, sporadic Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, autism, and cancer. PARK2 primary transcript undergoes an extensive alternative splicing, which enhances transcriptomic diversification. To date several PARK2 splice variants have been identified; however, the expression and distribution of parkin isoforms have not been deeply investigated yet. Here, the currently known PARK2 gene transcripts and relative predicted encoded proteins in human, rat, and mouse are reviewed. By analyzing the literature, we highlight the existing data showing the presence of multiple parkin isoforms in the brain. Their expression emerges from conflicting results regarding the electrophoretic mobility of the protein, but it is also assumed from discrepant observations on the cellular and tissue distribution of parkin. Although the characterization of each predicted isoforms is complex, since they often diverge only for few amino acids, analysis of their expression patterns in the brain might account for the different pathogenetic effects linked to PARK2 gene mutations. C1 [Scuderi, Soraya; D'Agata, Velia] Univ Catania, Sect Anat & Histol, Dept Biomed Sci, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [La Cognata, Valentina; Cavallaro, Sebastiano] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Neurol Sci, Funct Genom Ctr, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Drago, Filippo] Univ Catania, Sect Pharmacol & Biochem, Dept Clin & Mol Biomed, I-95125 Catania, Italy. RP D'Agata, V (reprint author), Univ Catania, Sect Anat & Histol, Dept Biomed Sci, Via S Sofia 87, I-95123 Catania, Italy. 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Int. PY 2014 AR 690796 DI 10.1155/2014/690796 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AM3HZ UT WOS:000339744700001 ER PT J AU Burgoyne, L Dowling, L Fitzgerald, A Connolly, M Browne, JP Perry, IJ AF Burgoyne, Louise Dowling, Lisa Fitzgerald, Anthony Connolly, Micaela Browne, John P. Perry, Ivan J. TI Parents' perspectives on the value of assistance dogs for children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study SO BMJ OPEN LA English DT Article ID THERAPY DOGS; SERVICE DOGS; BENEFITS; STRESS; IMPACT; CHALLENGES; ELOPEMENT; FAMILY; TRIAL AB Objective: While there is an emerging literature on the usefulness of assistance dogs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is a dearth of quantitative data on the value of assistance dog interventions for the family unit and family functioning. Using previously validated scales and scales developed specifically for this study, we measured parents'/guardians' perceptions of how having an assistance dog affects: (1) child safety from environmental dangers, (2) public reception of ASD and (3) levels of caregiver strain and sense of competence. We also obtained open-ended response data from parents/guardians on benefits and constraints of having an assistance dog. Setting: This study was based in the primary care setting, within the context of a specific accredited assistance dog centre in Ireland. Participants: A total of 134 parents/guardians with an assistance dog, and 87 parents of children on the waiting list were surveyed. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were scores on environmental hazards and public reception scales. The secondary outcome measures were scores on caregiver strain and competence scales. Results: Parents/guardians of children who have ASD and an assistance dog rate their child as significantly safer from environmental dangers (p<0.001), perceive that the public act more respectfully and responsibly towards their child (p<0.001) and feel more competent about managing their child (p=0.023) compared with parents on the waiting list. There was a concentration of positive feeling towards assistance dog interventions with particular focus on safety and comfort for children, and a sense of freedom from family restrictions associated with ASD. The amount of dedication and commitment required to care for a dog were viewed as the primary constraints. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that parents perceive that assistance dog interventions can be a valuable intervention for families with children who have ASD. C1 [Burgoyne, Louise; Fitzgerald, Anthony; Browne, John P.; Perry, Ivan J.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Cork, Ireland. 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Exploring the meaning of behaviour from a child's perspective allows stories to provide social information that is tailored to their needs. Case reports in children with autism have suggested that these stories can lead to a number of benefits including improvements in social interactions and choice making in educational settings. Methods and analysis: The feasibility of clinical and cost-effectiveness of a Social Stories toolkit will be assessed using a randomised control framework. Participants (n=50) will be randomised to either the Social Stories intervention or a comparator group where they will be read standard stories for an equivalent amount of time. Statistics will be calculated for recruitment rates, follow-up rates and attrition. Economic analysis will determine appropriate measures of generic health and resource use categories for cost-effectiveness analysis. Qualitative analysis will ascertain information on perceptions about the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Ethics and dissemination: National Health Service Ethics Approval (NHS; ref 11/YH/0340) for the trial protocol has been obtained along with NHS Research and Development permission from Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust. All adverse events will be closely monitored, documented and reported to the study Data Monitoring Ethics Committee. At least one article in a peer reviewed journal will be published and research findings presented at relevant conferences. C1 [Wright, Barry; Marshall, David; Hackney, Lisa; Hargate, Rebecca; McLaren, Anne; Whitehead, Jo; Williams, Chris] Lime Trees CAMHS, Res Team, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Moore, Danielle Collingridge; Ali, Shehzad; Allgar, Victoria; Littlewood, Elizabeth; McMillan, Dean; Trepel, Dominic] Univ York, Dept Hlth Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. 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Questionnaires may offer a cost-effective alternative to clinician-led screening in identifying toddlers and preschoolers in primary-care settings requiring specialized ASD assessment. Parents of 97 children aged 16-60 months attending childcare centers were recruited. Parents completed the 10-item Parents' Evaluations of Developmental Status (PEDS) and an ASD screening questionnaire-the 23-item Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). Five percent of children required specialized ASD assessment based on their M-CHAT scores. Using a PEDS total score cutoff of 4 or more, these children were detected with an adjusted rate of 65% sensitivity and 88% specificity. These data provide some support for tiered screening with the PEDS and M-CHAT in identifying children requiring specialized ASD assessment. Given PEDS is a universally administered developmental screen in many jurisdictions, further research using PEDS and M-CHAT is warranted. C1 [Eapen, Valsamma; Crncec, Rudi] Univ New S Wales, Acad Unit Child Psychiat, South West Sydney AUCS, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Eapen, Valsamma; Crncec, Rudi; Woolfenden, Susan; Blackmore, Roger] South Western Sydney Local Hlth Dist, Early Years Res Grp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Woolfenden, Susan] Univ New S Wales, Sch Womens & Childrens Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Blackmore, Roger] South Western Sydney Local Hlth Dist, Dept Community Paediat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Eapen, V (reprint author), Liverpool Hosp, Acad Unit Child Psychiat, South Western Sydney Local Hlth Dist, South West Sydney AUCS,Mental Hlth Ctr Level ICAM, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, BC 1871, Canada. 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Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1080/19315864.2012.704489 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2WU UT WOS:000339712600001 ER PT J AU Neal, D Matson, JL Hattier, MA AF Neal, Daniene Matson, Johnny L. Hattier, Megan A. TI Validity of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Observation for Children (ASD-OC) SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; ASD-OC; validity; child ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; CLINICAL-ASSESSMENT; OBSERVATION SYSTEM; OBSERVATION SCALE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; BEHAVIOR AB The Autism Spectrum Disorder Observation for Children (ASD-OC) is a 45-item observation scale used to assess autistic symptomatology. The reliability of this measure has been established in previous research; therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate its validity among a sample of children (1-15 years). The large correlation between the ASD-OC and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) total scores was significant (r = .83), establishing convergent validity for the ASD-OC. To determine divergent validity, the correlation between the ASD-OC total score and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition (VABS-II) Daily Living Skills domain score was analyzed. Although this negative correlation was significant (r = -.43), autistic symptom severity has previously been shown to adversely affect daily living skills. Finally, diagnostic groups (i.e., ASD, atypically developing, typically developing) were compared on ASD-OC total scores to establish criterion validity. The ASD group demonstrated significantly higher scores, indicating greater impairment than both the atypically and typically developing groups. ASD-OC scores were also examined by age group (i.e., < 36 months; >= 36 months). The implications of these results, as well as directions for future research, are discussed. C1 [Neal, Daniene; Matson, Johnny L.; Hattier, Megan A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 14 EP 33 DI 10.1080/19315864.2012.704490 PG 20 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2WU UT WOS:000339712600002 ER PT J AU Muller, CM Gmunder, L AF Mueller, Christoph Michael Gmuender, Lena TI An Evaluation of the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes-Test" With Seventh to Ninth Graders SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; facial processing; theory of mind; psychometric evaluation; Reading the Mind in the Eyes-Test ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AUTISM; CHILDREN; EMPATHY; ADULTS AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorders are often considered to have difficulty with using facial cues (e. g., cues from the eye region) to understand others' mental states. One of the pioneering assessments to test competence in this skill is the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes-Test" (RMET). In order to find out more about the psychometric properties of the instrument and to provide reference data from typically developing individuals, the child version of the RMET (28 items) was conducted with 596 typically developing students attending grades 7 to 9. The score distribution was negatively skewed and correct answers ranged from 6 to 27 (M = 17.8, SD = 3.5). Given that the internal consistency of the RMET (alpha = .53) was low and item-total correlations were not satisfactory, gender and grade differences found in this sample should be interpreted cautiously. The findings are discussed in reference to previous studies using the RMET and their relevance for clinical practice. C1 [Mueller, Christoph Michael; Gmuender, Lena] Univ Fribourg, Dept Special Educ, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. RP Muller, CM (reprint author), Univ Fribourg, Dept Special Educ, Petrus Kanisius Gasse 21, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. EM christoph.mueller2@unifr.ch CR Baron-Cohen S., 2001, J DEV LEARNING DISOR, V5, P47 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, INT REV RES MENT RET, V23, P169 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P241, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006643 BaronCohen S, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x Bolte S, 2005, READING MIND EYES TE Brent E, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P283, DOI 10.1177/1362361304045217 Bundesamt fur Statistik, 2010, ED STAT Chapman E, 2006, SOC NEUROSCI, V1, P135, DOI 10.1080/17470910600992239 Demurie E, 2011, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V5, P126, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.002 Dorris L, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P412, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00232.x Hallerbäck Maria Unenge, 2009, Cogn Neuropsychiatry, V14, P127, DOI 10.1080/13546800902901518 Johnston L, 2008, AUST J PSYCHOL, V60, P135, DOI 10.1080/00049530701449521 Moor BG, 2012, SOC COGN AFFECT NEUR, V7, P44, DOI 10.1093/scan/nsr020 Peterson C. 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PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1080/19315864.2012.714055 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2WU UT WOS:000339712600003 ER PT J AU Mandelberg, J Laugeson, EA Cunningham, TD Ellingsen, R Bates, S Frankel, F AF Mandelberg, Josh Laugeson, Elizabeth Ann Cunningham, Tina D. Ellingsen, Ruth Bates, Shannon Frankel, Fred TI Long-Term Treatment Outcomes for Parent-Assisted Social Skills Training for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: The UCLA PEERS Program SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE social skills; autism; Asperger's disorder; PEERS; long-term outcomes; adolescents ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INTERVENTIONS; FRIENDSHIPS; BEHAVIOR; IMPROVE AB Social deficits are a hallmark characteristic among adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), yet few evidence-based interventions exist aimed at improving social skills for this population, and none have examined the maintenance of treatment gains years after the intervention has ended. This study examines the durability of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS), a manualized, parent-assisted social skills intervention for high-functioning adolescents with ASD. Targeted skills related to the development and maintenance of friendships were assessed 1-5 years following treatment for 53 adolescent participants and their parents. Results indicate that adolescents receiving PEERS maintained treatment gains at long-term follow-up on standardized measures of social functioning including the Social Skills Rating System and the Social Responsiveness Scale as well as in frequency of peer interactions and social skills knowledge. Perhaps due to parent involvement in treatment, results reveal additional improvements in social functioning at follow-up assessment. C1 [Mandelberg, Josh] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Laugeson, Elizabeth Ann; Ellingsen, Ruth; Bates, Shannon; Frankel, Fred] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Cunningham, Tina D.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Laugeson, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM elaugeson@mednet.ucla.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Barry TD, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P685, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006004.86556.e0 Bauminger N, 2008, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V36, P135, DOI 10.1007/s10802-007-9156-x Bauminger N, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P447, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00156 Beaumont R, 2008, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V49, P743, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01920.x Bock M. 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PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 45 EP 73 DI 10.1080/19315864.2012.730600 PG 29 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2WU UT WOS:000339712600004 ER PT J AU Lawton, K AF Lawton, Kathy TI An Early Start for Your Young Child with Autism SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review ID INTERVENTION; INCREASE; PARENT C1 [Lawton, Kathy] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lawton, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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TI Parental Depression and Child Behavior Problems: A Pilot Study Examining Pathways of Influence SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders (ASD); parental depression; child behavior problems; parenting style ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENTAL-HEALTH; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COPING STRATEGIES; DOWN-SYNDROME; MOTHERS AB Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have higher rates of depressive symptoms than parents of typically developing children and parents of children with other developmental disorders. Parental depressive symptoms are strongly associated with problem behaviors in children; however, the mechanisms through which parental depression influences child behavior in families of children with ASD are unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parental depression and child behavior problems among families of children with ASD, more specifically to investigate the mediating variables that may explain the processes through which parental depression and child behavior problems are associated. The sample consisted of 33 parents of children with ASD (ages 2 to 5 years old). Findings suggested that authoritative parenting style significantly mediated the relationship between parental depression and behavior problems. This study highlights the importance of considering parental mental health and its impact on parenting behavior in interventions targeting child behavior problems. C1 [Xu, Yangmu; Neece, Cameron L.; Parker, Kathleen H.] Loma Linda Univ, Dept Psychol, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. RP Xu, YM (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Dept Psychol, 11130 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 126 EP 142 DI 10.1080/19315864.2013.787479 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2WW UT WOS:000339712800003 ER PT J AU Russo-Ponsaran, NM Evans-Smith, B Johnson, JK Mckown, C AF Russo-Ponsaran, Nicole M. Evans-Smith, Bernadette Johnson, Jason K. Mckown, Clark TI A Pilot Study Assessing the Feasibility of a Facial Emotion Training Paradigm for School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; facial emotion recognition; training; intervention; imitation; expression; accuracy; speed ID COMPUTER-ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION; AFFECT RECOGNITION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; INDIVIDUALS; FACES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INTERVENTION; EXPRESSIONS; IMPAIRMENTS AB Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) demonstrate facial emotion recognition and expression impairments. These impairments may contribute to social disability and may put children with ASDs at risk for developing further mental health problems. In this pilot study, we examined the use of a coach-and computer-assisted facial emotion training program for children with ASDs. The intervention components focused on (a) increasing attention to relevant facial emotion cues, (b) increasing facial emotion recognition speed, and (c) using imitation to build skills of facial emotion expression. Three pilot participants demonstrated improved facial emotion recognition (accuracy and speed) of dynamic and static presentations of facial expressions and self-expression. Some improvements persisted 5 weeks after training. Results support the acceptability and feasibility of the training program. These preliminary findings are promising and suggest the need for replication with larger samples and further assessment of acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy. C1 [Russo-Ponsaran, Nicole M.; Evans-Smith, Bernadette; Johnson, Jason K.; Mckown, Clark] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Rush NeuroBehav Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. RP Russo-Ponsaran, NM (reprint author), 4711 W Golf Rd,Suite 1100, Skokie, IL 60076 USA. 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TI Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism: An Investigation of Comorbid Anxiety and Depression SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE high-functioning autism; adolescents; depression; anxiety; assessment ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS AB Adolescents with high-functioning autism (HFA) possess core social and pragmatic deficits, which interfere with normal relationship development. At a time when friendships are increasingly important, many adolescents with HFA realize they are different from their peers. Initial research has indicated that adolescence is the time when symptoms of anxiety and depression are most likely to develop. The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge about anxiety and depression in HFA through focusing on the adolescent development period and obtaining assessment information from multiple sources. Results indicate that adolescents reported elevated levels of social anxiety, separation panic, and anhedonia compared with normative samples. Parents and teachers reported that adolescents experienced significant overall anxiety and depressive symptomatology compared with the normative samples. Manifestations of HFA were associated with higher levels of anxiety as reported by parents. Results bring into question the validity of self-report scales for adolescents with HFA in the ability to accurately self-report and in the measures' capacity to differentiate between internalizing symptoms and core HFA behaviors. C1 [Hammond, Rachel K.; Hoffman, Jennifer M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Educ Sch & Counseling Psychol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Hammond, RK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Educ Sch & Counseling Psychol, 170 G Taylor Educ Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. 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Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 246 EP 263 DI 10.1080/19315864.2013.843223 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2XB UT WOS:000339713400004 ER PT J AU Feldman, BH Dimitropoulos, A AF Feldman, Benjamin H. Dimitropoulos, Anastasia TI Face Discrimination Skills in Prader-Willi Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Prader-Willi syndrome; autism spectrum disorder; face processing ID MATERNAL UNIPARENTAL DISOMY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; PROXIMAL 15Q; RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; BRAIN AB Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) are at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including socialization problems. The PWS chromosome 15q11-13 maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) subtype displays greater ASD symptoms than the paternal deletion (DEL) subtype. Since interpreting faces leads to successful socialization, we compared face discrimination in PWS with ASD to explore the socialization characteristics of these disorders. Although face processing impairment in ASD is well documented, PWS face processing research is limited. Forty-four PWS participants (14 DEL and 19 mUPD) and 17 participants with ASD were measured on face discrimination. PWS and ASD participants scored in the impaired functioning range. For primary findings, DEL and mUPD PWS genetic subtype groups did not differ. These findings suggest PWS individuals, regardless of subtype, show impaired face processing similar to ASD. This research highlights the need for additional research on social cognitive functioning in PWS to understand the role of 15q11-13 in ASD. 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Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 264 EP 285 DI 10.1080/19315864.2013.857744 PG 22 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM2XB UT WOS:000339713400005 ER PT J AU Shang, XY Fisher, KR AF Shang, Xiaoyuan Fisher, Karen R. TI Social Support for Mothers of Children With Disabilities in China SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Child welfare; families of children with disabilities; rights of the child; care; mothers' responsibilities; Chinese social policy ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; AUTISM; POLICY AB This article analyzes the gendered parenting experiences of mothers of children with disabilities in China. These mothers struggle to meet their children's needs, including daily care, financial security, and child development. In the context of China's social welfare development, are social services responding to their needs, so that mothers can share responsibility for the needs of their children with disabilities? The research analyzed qualitative data about 6 case-study children in rural and urban China. The data were derived from observation and interviews with their parents and other family and community members. The analysis revealed that the capacity of the mother, community, and local social services had an impact on the rights of the children and mothers. They experienced social discrimination, insufficient social support, and local failure to implement central policy social services and income support. These findings are consistent with international research about disability rights. They reinforce the importance of economic redistribution to enable local implementation of the national disability rights policies, rather than merely relying on ephemeral concepts of cultural change. 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Soc. Serv. Res. PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.1080/01488376.2014.896849 PG 14 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA AM6GR UT WOS:000339962300016 ER PT J AU de Abreu, CS Cardoso-Martins, C Barbosa, PG AF de Abreu, Camila Soares Cardoso-Martins, Claudia Barbosa, Poliana Goncalves TI The Relationship between Joint Attention and Theory of Mind: A Longitudinal Study SO PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Joint attention; theory of mind; false-belief tasks ID EARLY LANGUAGE; AUTISM; ACQUISITION; IMITATION; CHILDREN; BELIEFS; INFANTS; PLAY AB We investigated the relationship between infants' ability to coordinate their attention with that of other people and later Theory of Mind skills (i.e., the understanding that people have mental states such as desires, intentions and beliefs) in a sample of 28 children from middle class families in Brazil. Results showed that children's ability to follow the examiner's gaze and pointing gestures at nine months of age significantly predicted their performance on false-belief tasks at the age of four years, independently of variations in their non-verbal intelligence. These findings suggest that, at end of the first year of life, children's joint attention behaviors indicate intentional understanding. C1 [de Abreu, Camila Soares; Cardoso-Martins, Claudia] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Barbosa, Poliana Goncalves] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP de Abreu, CS (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Filosofia & Ciencias Humanas, Lab Desenvolvimento Cognit & Linguagem, Ave Antonio Carlos 6-627,Sala 2-000, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 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PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1590/1678-7153.201427222 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AM4CT UT WOS:000339800700023 ER PT J AU Abu-Dahab, SMN Malkawi, SH Nadar, MS Al Momani, F Holm, MB AF Abu-Dahab, Sana M. N. Malkawi, Somaya Hussain Nadar, Mohammad Shaban Al Momani, Fidaa Holm, Margo B. TI The Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile SO PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Arabic; infant; psychometric testing; sensory processing; sensory profile; toddler ID OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; PERFORMANCE; MODULATION; DISORDERS; BEHAVIORS; MOTOR AB In this study, we report the translation process, validity, and reliability of the Arabic Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (IT_SP). A multistep approach was implemented to ensure the accuracy and equivalency of the Arabic and original English IT_SP. Factor analysis indicated that item loadings for over 50% of the items on the Arabic version were identical to the English version; all but three items had logical loadings. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between scores on the Arabic and English versions reported by parents who were bilingual were >.90 supporting bilingual validity. Alpha coefficients for each section varied from .40 to .74, which was within the range of the English version (.17 to .86), and were thus similar. ICCs between scores for repeated assessments varied from .81 to .99 supporting test-retest reliability. The results support the validity and reliability of the Arabic IT_SP. C1 [Abu-Dahab, Sana M. N.; Malkawi, Somaya Hussain] Univ Jordan, Dept Occupat Therapy, Fac Rehabil Sci, Amman 11942, Jordan. [Nadar, Mohammad Shaban] Kuwait Univ, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Occupat Therapy, Kuwait, Kuwait. [Al Momani, Fidaa] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Appl Med Sci, Dept Rehabil Sci, Irbid, Jordan. 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PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.3109/01942638.2013.823474 PG 13 WC Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA AL9UZ UT WOS:000339489300006 PM 23931241 ER PT J AU Rayner, C Fluck, A AF Rayner, Christopher Fluck, Andrew TI Pre-service teachers' perceptions of simSchool as preparation for inclusive education: a pilot study SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TEACHER EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; computer simulation; inclusive education; simSchool; teacher education ID DISORDERS; STUDENTS; AUTISM AB The shift towards the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools has meant that general classroom teachers need to be skilled in educating students with a diverse range of needs and abilities. Together with theoretical study and as a supplement to practical experience, teacher educators have begun to explore virtual and simulated classrooms to help prepare pre-service teachers for the complexity of the teaching profession. 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PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3 BP 212 EP 227 DI 10.1080/1359866X.2014.927825 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA AL3VR UT WOS:000339059200002 ER PT J AU Stein, LI Lane, CJ Williams, ME Dawson, ME Polido, JC Cermak, SA AF Stein, Leah I. Lane, Christianne J. Williams, Marian E. Dawson, Michael E. Polido, Jose C. Cermak, Sharon A. TI Physiological and Behavioral Stress and Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders during Routine Oral Care SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DENTAL-PATIENTS; MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS; FEAR; GUIDANCE AB Background. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly exhibit uncooperative behaviors which impede oral care. Previous studies have utilized dentist-report measures of uncooperative behaviors in children with ASD but none have utilized an objective measure of children's behavior or a physiological measure of distress. This study investigated behavioral and physiological distress in children with ASD during routine oral care and examined factors associated with this distress. Methods. Participants were 44 children (n = 22 typical, n = 22 ASD) aged 6-12 receiving routine dental cleanings. Behavioral and physiological measures of stress and anxiety were collected during dental cleanings. Results. Children with ASD exhibited greater distress, compared to the typical group, on dentist-report and researcher-coded measures of overt distress behaviors and on physiological measures. Correlations between physiological and behavioral measures of distress were found in the ASD but not in the typical group. Behavioral distress was correlated with age in the typical group and with expressive communication ability and sensory processing difficulties in the ASD group; physiological distress was correlated with parent-report of anxiety in the typical group and sensory processing difficulties in the ASD group. Conclusions. Novel strategies may be required to decrease behavioral and physiological distress in children with ASD in the dental clinic. C1 [Stein, Leah I.; Cermak, Sharon A.] Univ So Calif, Herman Ostrow Sch Dent, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lane, Christianne J.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Div Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Williams, Marian E.] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, USC UCEDD, Keck Sch Med USC, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Dawson, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letters Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Polido, Jose C.] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. RP Stein, LI (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Herman Ostrow Sch Dent, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, 1540 Alcazar St,CHP 133, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM lstein@usc.edu FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [1R34DE022263-01, NCT02077985]; University of Southern California Ostrow School of Dentistry; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health [T32HD064578] FX This study was funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (1R34DE022263-01; ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT02077985) and by a seed grant from the University of Southern California Ostrow School of Dentistry. This publication was also supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (T32HD064578). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors would also like to thank Irina Zamora, Psy.D., for assistance in confirming diagnosis of children with ASD. 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PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 AR 115 DI 10.1186/gb4175 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AL2UT UT WOS:000338981700010 ER PT J AU Mikami, K Onishi, Y Matsumoto, H AF Mikami, Katsunaka Onishi, Yuichi Matsumoto, Hideo TI ATTEMPTED SUICIDE OF AN ADOLESCENT WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; suicide attempt; adolescence; emergency room ID YOUTH SUICIDE; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; RISK; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; IDEATION; ADULTS AB Although the suicide risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been suggested to be higher than previously recognized, there are few case reports focusing on the process for preventing suicide reattempts. We reported that a 17-year-old male who had attempted suicide by jumping was admitted to our emergency department and hospitalized for lumbar spine fracture. In addition to the diagnosis of adjustment disorder, he was diagnosed as ASD according to his life history. This article presents the characteristics of the suicidal behaviors and the process for preventing a suicide reattempt associated with an adolescent with ASD who attempted suicide. C1 [Mikami, Katsunaka; Onishi, Yuichi; Matsumoto, Hideo] Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Isehara, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan. RP Mikami, K (reprint author), Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan. EM mikami@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp FU Kanagawa Prefectural Government; Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan; Yoshitomiyakuhin Corporation; Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.; Pfizer Inc.; Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Lt.; Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation FX Dr. Mikami was supported by Kanagawa Prefectural Government. Dr. Mikami received a grant to participate in an international conference from Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan, and honoraria from Janssen Pharmaceutical K. K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yoshitomiyakuhin Corporation, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Dr. Onishi received honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K. K., Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Matsumoto received research support from Yoshitomiyakuhin Corporation, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Lt., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, and honoraria from Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis Pharma K. K., Yoshitomiyakuhin Corporation, GlaxoSmithKline, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K. K., Eisai Co., Ltd. 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Rogers, Eugene TI Has Prenatal Folate Supplementation Established an At-Risk Population for Age-Related Cognitive Decline? SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Dementia; genetic risk; methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase; nutrition; polymorphism; prenatal ID ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE C677T; S-ADENOSYL METHIONINE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; LYSINE METHYLATION; MTHFR GENE; POLYMORPHISMS; HOMOCYSTEINE; DISORDERS AB Nutrition exerts a pervasive impact on normal and pathological conditions of the nervous system throughout life. Maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy has reduced developmental disorders of the nervous system, but may have also fostered an increase in individuals harboring genetic polymorphisms that compromise folate usage. Such individuals may harbor a lifetime requirement for additional dietary folate, often not met beyond peri/postnatal periods. 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Previous research has identified relevant variables that help explain maternal stress: the child's behavior problems, social support and the sense of coherence (SOC) as a perception of problem. However, there are few longitudinal studies demonstrating how these variables correlate over time. We present a longitudinal study of 21 Spanish mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) at two measurement time points over an interval of 4.5 years. Our aims are to examine the predictive relationships of these variables (behavior problems, social support and SOC) to stress and to analyse their changes over time. Data were collected through questionnaires. The results of the regression analysis (multiple adjusted R-2 = .45, f(2) = .82) highlight the predictive values of SOC (adjusted R-2 = .31) and the initial stress levels (Delta adjusted R-2 = .14) for stress levels 4.5-years later. 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Other animals also have friends, suggesting that friendship is not solely a human invention but is instead an evolved trait. A neuroethological approach applies behavioral, neurobiological, and molecular techniques to explain friendship with reference to its underlying mechanisms, development, evolutionary origins, and biological function. Recent studies implicate a shared suite of neural circuits and neuromodulatory pathways in the formation, maintenance, and manipulation of friendships across humans and other animals. Health consequences and reproductive advantages in mammals additionally suggest that friendship has adaptive benefits. We argue that understanding the neuroethology of friendship in humans and other animals brings us closer to knowing fully what it means to be human. C1 [Brent, Lauren J. N.; Chang, Steve W. C.; Gariepy, Jean-Francois; Platt, Michael L.] Duke Univ, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Brent, Lauren J. N.; Chang, Steve W. 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A two-process model has been proposed to account for this pattern of moral judgements and posits: (1) a causal process that detects the presence of a harmful outcome and is motivated by empathic aversion stemming from victim suffering; (2) a mental state-based process that attributes beliefs, desires, intentions, etc. to the agent in question and is motivated by imagining personally carrying out harmful actions. One prediction of this model would be that personality traits associated with empathy deficits would find accidental harms more acceptable not because they focus on innocent intentions but because they have reduced concern for the victim's well-being. In this study, we show that one such personality trait, viz. alexithymia, indeed exhibits the predicted pattern and this increased acceptability of accidental harm in alexithymia is mediated by reduced dispositional empathic concern. 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Cogn. Psychol. PY 2014 VL 26 IS 5 BP 597 EP 614 DI 10.1080/20445911.2014.929137 PG 18 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AK9SV UT WOS:000338768000010 ER PT J AU Nicholl, J Waters, W Mulley, JC Suwalski, S Brown, S Hull, Y Barnett, C Haan, E Thompson, EM Liebelt, J Mcgregor, L Harbord, MG Entwistle, J Munt, C White, D Chitti, A Baulderstone, D Ketteridge, D Friend, K Bain, SM Yu, S AF Nicholl, Jillian Waters, Wendy Mulley, John C. Suwalski, Shanna Brown, Sue Hull, Yvonne Barnett, Christopher Haan, Eric Thompson, Elizabeth M. Liebelt, Jan Mcgregor, Lesley Harbord, Michael G. Entwistle, John Munt, Chris White, Dierdre Chitti, Anthony Baulderstone, David Ketteridge, David Friend, Kathryn Bain, Sharon M. Yu, Sui CA Array Referral Consortium TI Cognitive deficit and autism spectrum disorders: prospective diagnosis by array CGH SO PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Array CGH; autism spectrum disorders; CNV; copy number variation; developmental delay; intellectual disability; molecular cytogenetics ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MICRODELETION SYNDROME; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; DUPLICATIONS; DELETIONS; EPILEPSY AB The aim of this study was to determine prospectively the frequency of pathogenic chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications in a large group of referred patients with developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within a genetic diagnostic service. First tier testing was applied using a standardised oligo-array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) platform, replacing conventional cytogenetic testing that would have been used in the past. Copy number variants (CNVs) found to be responsible for the clinical condition on the request form could all be subdivided into three groups: well established pathogenic microdeletion/microduplication/aneuploidy syndromes, predicted pathogenic CNVs as interpreted by the laboratory, and recently established pathogenic disease susceptibility CNVs. Totalled from these three groups, with CNVs of uncertain significance excluded, detection rates were: DD (13.0%), ID (15.6%), ASD (2.3%), ASD with DD (8.2%), ASD with ID (12.7%) and unexplained epilepsy with DD, ID and ASD (10.9%). The greater diagnostic sensitivity arising from routine application of array CGH, compared with previously used conventional cytogenetics, outweighs the interpretative issues for the reporting laboratory and referring clinician arising from detection of CNVs of uncertain significance. Precise determination of any previously hidden molecular defect responsible for the patient's condition is translated to improved genetic counselling. C1 [Nicholl, Jillian; Waters, Wendy; Mulley, John C.; Suwalski, Shanna; Brown, Sue; Hull, Yvonne; Friend, Kathryn; Bain, Sharon M.; Yu, Sui] Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Directorate Genet & Mol Pathol, SA Pathol, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. [Mulley, John C.; Bain, Sharon M.; Yu, Sui] Univ Adelaide, Sch Mol & Biomed Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Mulley, John C.; Barnett, Christopher; Haan, Eric; Thompson, Elizabeth M.; Yu, Sui] Univ Adelaide, Sch Paediat & Reprod Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Barnett, Christopher; Haan, Eric; Thompson, Elizabeth M.; Liebelt, Jan; Mcgregor, Lesley] Womens & Childrens Hosp, SA Pathol, South Australian Clin Genet Serv, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. [Harbord, Michael G.; Entwistle, John] Modbury Hosp, North East Clin, Ctr Disabil Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Munt, Chris] Ashford Med Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [White, Dierdre] Flinders Med Ctr, Bedford Pk, SA, Australia. [Chitti, Anthony] Calvary Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Baulderstone, David] Womens & Childrens Hlth Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Ketteridge, David] Pk Community Hlth Serv, Angle Pk, SA, Australia. RP Yu, S (reprint author), Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Directorate Genet & Mol Pathol, SA Pathol, 72 King William Rd, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. EM sui.yu@health.sa.gov.au FU SA Pathology FX This work was supported by SA Pathology. The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose. 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The study was aimed: (a) to verify the factor structure of Czech translations of the Baron-Cohen's inventories AQ, SQ, and EQ; (b) to explore the differences in autistic features, level of empathy and systemizing between the exact sciences and humanities students, and between men and women; (c) to find possible correlation among the scores in Baron-Cohen's questionnaires and five general personality dimensions, measured by NEO-FFI. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 268 students from the Faculty of Science PU and 349 students from the Philosophical Faculty PU in Olomouc. Women comprised 75 % of the sample. Participants filled in inventories using web application specifically prepared for the research. Statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure of the Baron-Cohen's inventories. Effects of gender, field of study, and their interaction on dependant variables were explored by ANOVA. 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Psychol. PY 2014 VL 58 IS 3 BP 206 EP 221 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AK4HW UT WOS:000338386200002 ER PT J AU Russo, SR Tincani, M Axelrod, S AF Russo, Samantha R. Tincani, Matt Axelrod, Saul TI Evaluating Open-Ended Parent Reports and Direct Preference Assessments to Identify Reinforcers for Young Children With Autism SO CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; preference assessment; reinforcer assessment ID STIMULUS PREFERENCE; MULTIPLE-STIMULUS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; PROFOUND DISABILITIES; CHOICE ASSESSMENT; INDIVIDUALS; IDENTIFICATION; DISORDERS; HANDICAPS; LEISURE AB Little research has evaluated open-ended parent reports to identify reinforcers for children with autism. This study evaluated open-ended parent reports and direct preference assessments for six young children with autism in home-based therapy. Results indicated little correspondence between parent reports and direct assessment assessments for all but one child. However, a follow-up reinforcer assessment with two children showed that the top ranked stimulus from both assessments functioned as reinforcers, with one child demonstrating higher levels of responding for the top ranked stimulus from the parent report. Results tentatively support open-ended parent reports to identify reinforcers for young children with autism. C1 [Russo, Samantha R.] Temple Univ, Interdisciplinary Master Sci Educ Program Appl Be, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Tincani, Matt] Temple Univ, Dept Psychol Org & Leadership Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Axelrod, Saul] Temple Univ, Dept Teaching & Learning, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Tincani, M (reprint author), Temple Univ, Coll Educ, Dept Psychol Org & Leadership Studies, 1301 Cecil B Moore Ave,Ritter Hall 365, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 36 IS 2 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1080/07317107.2014.910732 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA AK2XW UT WOS:000338284600002 ER PT J AU Geretsegger, M Elefant, C Mossler, KA Gold, C AF Geretsegger, Monika Elefant, Cochavit Moessler, Karin A. Gold, Christian TI Music therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Autistic Disorder [rehabilitation]; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive [rehabilitation]; Communication; Music Therapy [methods]; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Child; Humans ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MELODIC INTONATION THERAPY; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS; BEHAVIORS; LANGUAGE; ADOLESCENTS; SPEECH AB Background The central impairments of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affect social interaction and communication. Music therapy uses musical experiences and the relationships that develop through them to enable communication and expression, thus attempting to address some of the core problems of people with ASD. The present version of this review on music therapy for ASD is an update of the original Cochrane review published in 2006. Objectives To assess the effects of music therapy for individuals with ASD. Search methods We searched the following databases in July 2013: CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, and Dissertation Abstracts International. We also checked the reference lists of relevant studies and contacted investigators in person. Selection criteria All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials comparing music therapy or music therapy added to standard care to 'placebo' therapy, no treatment, or standard care for individuals with ASD were considered for inclusion. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data from all included studies. We calculated the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous outcomes to allow the combination data from different scales and to facilitate the interpretation of effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I-2 statistic. In cases of statistical heterogeneity within outcome subgroups, we examined clients' age, intensity of therapy (number and frequency of therapy sessions), and treatment approach as possible sources of heterogeneity. Main results We included 10 studies (165 participants) that examined the short-and medium-term effect of music therapy interventions (one week to seven months) for children with ASD. Music was superior to 'placebo' therapy or standard care with respect to the primary outcomes social interaction within the therapy context (SMD 1.06, 95% CI 0.02 to 2.10, 1 RCT, n = 10); generalised social interaction outside of the therapy context (SMD 0.71, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.25, 3 RCTs, n = 57, moderate quality evidence), non-verbal communicative skills within the therapy context (SMD 0.57, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.85, 3 RCTs, n = 30), verbal communicative skills (SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.49, 6 RCTs, n = 139), initiating behaviour (SMD 0.73, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.11, 3 RCTs, n = 22, moderate quality evidence), and social-emotional reciprocity (SMD 2.28, 95% CI 0.73 to 3.83, 1 RCT, n = 10, low quality evidence). There was no statistically significant difference in non-verbal communicative skills outside of the therapy context (SMD 0.48, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.98, 3 RCTs, n = 57, low quality evidence). Music therapy was also superior to 'placebo' therapy or standard care in secondary outcome areas, including social adaptation (SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.60, 4 RCTs, n = 26), joy (SMD 0.96, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.88, 1 RCT, n = 10), and quality of parent-child relationships (SMD 0.82, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.52, 2 RCTs, n = 33, moderate quality evidence). None of the included studies reported any adverse effects. The small sample sizes of the studies limit the methodological strength of these findings. Authors' conclusions The findings of this updated review provide evidence that music therapy may help children with ASD to improve their skills in primary outcome areas that constitute the core of the condition including social interaction, verbal communication, initiating behaviour, and social-emotional reciprocity. Music therapy may also help to enhance non-verbal communication skills within the therapy context. Furthermore, in secondary outcome areas, music therapy may contribute to increasing social adaptation skills in children with ASD and to promoting the quality of parent-child relationships. In contrast to the studies included in an earlier version of this review published in 2006, the new studies included in this update enhanced the applicability of findings to clinical practice. More research using larger samples and generalised outcome measures is needed to corroborate these findings and to examine whether the effects of music therapy are enduring. When applying the results of this review to practice, it is important to note that the application of music therapy requires specialised academic and clinical training. C1 [Geretsegger, Monika] Aalborg Univ, Dept Commun & Psychol, Fac Humanities, Aalborg, Denmark. [Geretsegger, Monika] Univ Vienna, Fac Psychol, Dept Appl Psychol Hlth Dev Enhancement & Interven, Vienna, Austria. [Elefant, Cochavit] Univ Haifa, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Moessler, Karin A.; Gold, Christian] Uni Res, Uni Hlth, GAMUT Grieg Acad Mus Therapy Res Ctr, N-5015 Bergen, Hordaland, Norway. RP Gold, C (reprint author), Uni Res, Uni Hlth, GAMUT Grieg Acad Mus Therapy Res Ctr, Lars Hilles Gate 3, N-5015 Bergen, Hordaland, Norway. EM christian.gold@uni.no FU Aalborg University, Denmark.; University of Vienna, Austria.; University of Haifa, Israel.; Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre (GAMUT), Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway.; The Research Council of Norway, Norway. [213844]; The Danish Council for Independent Research/Humanities (FKK), Denmark. FX Internal sourcesAalborg University, Denmark.University of Vienna, Austria.University of Haifa, Israel.Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre (GAMUT), Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway.External sourcesThe Research Council of Norway, Norway. (grant no. 213844, The Clinical Research and The Mental Health Programmes)The Danish Council for Independent Research/Humanities (FKK), Denmark. 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PY 2014 IS 6 AR CD004381 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004381.pub3 PG 66 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AK3FM UT WOS:000338308700020 ER PT J AU Muir, K Strnadova, I AF Muir, Kristy Strnadova, Iva TI Whose responsibility? Resilience in families of children with developmental disabilities SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE family resilience; children with developmental disabilities; individual characteristics and beliefs; families' skills and practices; access to resources ID QUALITY; AUTISM; LIFE AB Families with children with disabilities are at higher risk of stress, financial disadvantage and breakdown. In recent decades, research and policy have shifted focus from these problems to a strengths-based approach, using concepts such as family resilience. By definition, resilience is the ability to cope in adverse circumstances, suggesting a reliance on the individual. If this is the case, then to what extent does ` family resilience' place another burden of responsibility onto families? Whose responsibility is family resilience? This paper begins to answer this question using interviews with parents of children with developmental disabilities based in New South Wales, Australia. C1 [Muir, Kristy] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Social Impact, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Strnadova, Iva] Univ New S Wales, Sch Educ, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Muir, K (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Social Impact, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 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Soc. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 922 EP 937 DI 10.1080/09687599.2014.886555 PG 16 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA AK1SR UT WOS:000338196900006 ER PT J AU Milton, D AF Milton, Damian TI Autism: a social and medical history SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Milton, Damian] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Milton, D (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. EM DEM979@bham.ac.uk CR Arnold L, 2010, MEDIUM IS MESSAGE Butler J., 1993, CRITICALLY QUEER BOD Feinstein Adam, 2010, HIST AUTISM CONVERSA McRuer Robert, 2006, CRIP THEORY Nadesan Majia Holmer, 2005, CONSTRUCTING AUTISM Waltz M, 2013, AUTISM: A SOCIAL AND MEDICAL HISTORY, P1 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0968-7599 EI 1360-0508 J9 DISABIL SOC JI Disabil. Soc. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 991 EP 992 DI 10.1080/09687599.2014.905281 PG 3 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA AK1SR UT WOS:000338196900014 ER PT J AU Suzuki, M Yamada, A Watanabe, N Akechi, T Katsuki, F Nishiyama, T Imaeda, M Miyachi, T Otaki, K Mitsuda, Y Ota, A Furukawa, TA AF Suzuki, Masako Yamada, Atsurou Watanabe, Norio Akechi, Tatsuo Katsuki, Fujika Nishiyama, Takeshi Imaeda, Masayuki Miyachi, Taishi Otaki, Kazuo Mitsuda, Yumiko Ota, Akino Furukawa, Toshi A. TI A failure to confirm the effectiveness of a brief group psychoeducational program for mothers of children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders: a randomized controlled pilot trial SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE family psychoeducation; pervasive developmental disorder; problem-solving therapy; parenting stress ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PARENTAL MENTAL-HEALTH; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; STRESS; TODDLERS; VALIDITY; VERSION AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group psychoeducation to relieve the psychological distress of mothers of children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders (HFPDD) and to improve the behaviors of the children. Methods: Seventy-two mothers of preschool outpatients with HFPDD were randomly assigned to a four-session brief group psychoeducational program (GP). The sessions were held every second week in addition to the usual treatment (GP + treatment as usual [ TAU] group), or to a TAU-alone group. The primary outcome was self-reported symptoms of maternal mental health as assessed using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) at 21 weeks post-randomization (week 21). The GHQ-28 at the end of the intervention (week 7), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) for the behavior of the children, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were carried out at weeks 7 and 21. We tested the group effects with the interaction between the intervention and the evaluation points. Results: The GHQ-28 score at week 21 was significantly higher in the GP + TAU group as compared to that in the TAU-alone group, indicating a greater improvement in the TAU-alone group. There was no evidence that GP + TAU led to a greater improvement of maternal mental health than TAU-alone at week 7. Similarly, no evidence was obtained to indicate that GP + TAU led to a reduction in the ABC or ZBI scores by week 7 or 21. The adjusted scores for the RF (role emotional) and MH (mental health) subscales of the SF-36 at week 21 were also significantly lower in the GP + TAU group, indicating a similar tendency to that of the change of the GHQ-28 score at week 21. Conclusion: The psychoeducational program did not alleviate maternal distress, aberrant behaviors of the children, or caregiver burden. C1 [Suzuki, Masako; Yamada, Atsurou; Watanabe, Norio; Akechi, Tatsuo] Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Psychiat & Cognit Behav Med, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. [Katsuki, Fujika] Nagoya City Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth Nursing, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. [Nishiyama, Takeshi] Nagoya City Univ Hosp, Clin Trial Management Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Imaeda, Masayuki; Miyachi, Taishi] Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Neonatol & Pediat, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. [Otaki, Kazuo] Kazuo Mental Clin, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. [Mitsuda, Yumiko; Ota, Akino] Toyokawa Sakura Hosp, Toyokawa, Japan. [Furukawa, Toshi A.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot & Human Behav, Kyoto, Japan. RP Suzuki, M (reprint author), Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Psychiat & Cognit Behav Med, Mizuho Ku, Mizuho Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. 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PY 2014 VL 10 BP 1141 EP 1153 DI 10.2147/NDT.S60058 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AK4YA UT WOS:000338429300001 PM 25061301 ER PT J AU Ciobanu, AM Lisievici, MG Coman, TC Ciurea, J Popa, MC AF Ciobanu, Adela Magdalena Lisievici, Mihai Gheorghe Coman, Teodora Camelia Ciurea, Jean Popa, Mihaela Camelia TI Atypical Bourneville sclerosis without epilepsy and mental retardation: case report and literature review SO ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Review DE tuberous sclerosis complex; astrocytoma; anxiety; atypical ID GIANT-CELL ASTROCYTOMA; TUBEROUS-SCLEROSIS; COMPLEX; DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS; REGRESSION; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; RAPAMYCIN; GENETICS AB Twenty-four-year-old woman without familiar detected signs of Bourneville's disease or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) was diagnosed with this disease by casual discovery on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an intraventricular tumor, after symptoms consist in headache, equilibrium disturbances, and progressive loss of vision. MRI shows an intracranial mass, 33/24/30 mm in size, localized at the level of third ventricle and lateral ventricles, with irregular shape, interesting the foramen of Monroe. There are also nodular areas of calcification and a supratentorial hydrocephalus involving the lateral ventricles and the posterior part of the third ventricle. The patients present facial angiofibromas, but from the classical triad of the disease, the epilepsy and mental retardation were absent, the patient never presented seizures. The total removal of the tumor (peace to peace) was performed surgically, the macroscopic features of resected tumor (20/10/10 mm) was of white-gray color, elastic consistency, localized in the both lateral ventricles (left>right) and into the third ventricle, traversing the foramen Monroe. The histopatological examination associated with specific localization of tumor and the facial angiofibromas are very suggestive for subependimar giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA). We have a rare case of atypical or incomplete TSC in which the epileptic seizures and the mental retardation are absent, the intelligence is normal, but occur some psychical symptoms: anxiety, sleeplessness, and autism or behavior disturbances. The evolution of this case was marked by complications because of postoperative hydrocephalus and multiple shunt insertions and revisions were performed after the tumor resection. C1 [Ciobanu, Adela Magdalena] Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Prof Dr Alexandru Obregia Clin Psychiat Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Bucharest 041915, Romania. [Lisievici, Mihai Gheorghe] Bagdasar Arseni Hosp, Dept Neuropathol, Bucharest, Romania. [Coman, Teodora Camelia; Ciurea, Jean] Bagdasar Arseni Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Bucharest, Romania. [Popa, Mihaela Camelia] Acad Romana, Constatin Radulescu Motru Inst Philosophy & Psych, Bucharest, Romania. RP Ciobanu, AM (reprint author), Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Prof Dr Alexandru Obregia Clin Psychiat Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 1 Dept,10-12 Berceni Ave,4th Sect, Bucharest 041915, Romania. 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J. Morphol. Embryol. PY 2014 VL 55 IS 2 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA AK3MY UT WOS:000338329700024 PM 24969994 ER PT J AU Enticott, PG Kennedy, HA Johnston, PJ Rinehart, NJ Tonge, BJ Taffe, JR Fitzgerald, PB AF Enticott, Peter G. Kennedy, Hayley A. Johnston, Patrick J. Rinehart, Nicole J. Tonge, Bruce J. Taffe, John R. Fitzgerald, Paul B. TI Emotion recognition of static and dynamic faces in autism spectrum disorder SO COGNITION & EMOTION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Asperger's disorder; Facial emotion recognition; Dynamic faces ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; QUOTIENT; ADULTS; DEFICITS AB There is substantial evidence for facial emotion recognition (FER) deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The extent of this impairment, however, remains unclear, and there is some suggestion that clinical groups might benefit from the use of dynamic rather than static images. 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Emot. PY 2014 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1110 EP 1118 DI 10.1080/02699931.2013.867832 PG 9 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AJ8TE UT WOS:000337979700011 PM 24341852 ER PT J AU Earle, JF AF Earle, Jason F. TI An Introduction to the Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC NURSES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1078-3903 EI 1532-5725 J9 J AM PSYCHIAT NURSES JI J. Am. Psych. Nurses Assoc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA AJ5KX UT WOS:000337722200024 ER PT J AU Volkmar, FR McPartland, JC AF Volkmar, Fred R. McPartland, James C. BE Cannon, TD Widiger, T TI From Kanner to DSM-5: Autism as an Evolving Diagnostic Concept SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 10 SE Annual Review of Clinical Psychology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE autism; autism spectrum; DSM-5; diagnosis; classification ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; III-R CRITERIA; CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME; IV-TR; PSYCHIATRIC-DIAGNOSIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FIELD TRIALS AB Seven decades have elapsed since Leo Kanner described the syndrome he termed early infantile autism. Over this time, and particularly over the past two decades, noteworthy changes have occurred in how the condition is conceptualized. Here we provide an overview of these changes, beginning with a brief discussion of the significance of classification in general before discussing Kanner's original paper and subsequent changes. We touch on relevant issues, such as comorbidity, dimensional aspects of diagnosis and screening, and the complex issue of diagnosis relative to eligibility for services. Approaches to diagnosis have tended to swing from emphasizing overarching groups (lumping) to focusing on potentially distinct subgroups (splitting). Autism raises particular problems given the broad range of syndrome expression over age and developmental level. The most recent revision of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic taxonomy marks a significant departure from its predecessor and has been the focus of much debate. It remains unclear which of the currently existing categorical approaches will ultimately be most widely applied. We hope to convey a sense of areas in which consensus has been achieved and areas of continued controversy. C1 [Volkmar, Fred R.; McPartland, James C.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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Molecular evidence for involvement in schizophrenia of CHRNA7, the gene for the receptor subunit, in the neurobiology of deficits in attention is a critical rationale for the clinical study of alpha 7-nicotinic receptor agonists to improve neurocognition. Initial clinical trials show enhancement of inhibitory neuron function related to sensory gating and increased attention and working memory, as well as improvement in negative symptoms such as anhedonia and alogia. Further development of this therapeutic strategy requires assessment of interactions with patients' heavy cigarette smoking and the relationship of this mechanism to the therapeutic effects of clozapine and olanzapine, both highly effective therapeutics with significant side effects. C1 Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Freedman, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. 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Rev. Med. PY 2014 VL 65 BP 245 EP 261 DI 10.1146/annurev-med-092112-142937 PG 17 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BA4OD UT WOS:000336053000016 PM 24111888 ER PT J AU Hovey, D Zettergren, A Jonsson, L Melke, J Anckarsater, H Lichtenstein, P Westberg, L AF Hovey, Daniel Zettergren, Anna Jonsson, Lina Melke, Jonas Anckarsater, Henrik Lichtenstein, Paul Westberg, Lars TI Associations between oxytocin-related genes and autistic-like traits SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Oxytocin; ARNT2; SIM1; CD38 ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CD38 GENE; TELEPHONE INTERVIEW; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; A-TAC; VASOPRESSIN; COMMON; SIM1 AB Oxytocin has repeatedly been shown to influence human behavior in social contexts; also, a relationship between oxytocin and the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been suggested. In the present study, we investigated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin gene (OXT) and the genes for single-minded 1 (SIM1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) and cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) in a population of 1771 children from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). Statistical analyses were performed to investigate any association between SNPs and autistic-like traits (ALTs), measured through ASD scores in the Autism-Tics, ADHD and other Co-morbidities inventory. Firstly, we found a statistically significant association between the SIM1 SNP rs3734354 (Pro352Thr) and scores for language impairment (p = .0004), but due to low statistical power this should be interpreted cautiously. Furthermore, nominal associations were found between ASD scores and SNPs in OXT, ARNT2 and CD38. In summary, the present study lends support to the hypothesis that oxytocin and oxytocin neuron development may have an influence on the development of ALTs and suggests a new candidate gene in the search for the pathophysiology of ASD. C1 [Hovey, Daniel; Zettergren, Anna; Jonsson, Lina; Melke, Jonas; Westberg, Lars] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Pharmacol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Anckarsater, Henrik] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Dept Forens Psychiat, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lichtenstein, Paul] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hovey, D (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Pharmacol, POB 431, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM daniel.johansson@neuro.gu.se FU Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social Research; Swedish Brain Foundation; Svenska Sallskapet for Medicinsk Forskning (SSMF); Fredrik and Ingrid Thurings stiftelse; Ake Wibergs stiftelse; Ahlen-stiftelsen; Jeanssons-stiftelsen; Magnus Bergvalls stiftelse; Soderstrom-Konigska stiftelsen; Marta Lundqvists stiftelse; Novo Nordisk Foundation FX This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social Research, Swedish Brain Foundation, Svenska Sallskapet for Medicinsk Forskning (SSMF), Fredrik and Ingrid Thurings stiftelse, Ake Wibergs stiftelse, Ahlen-stiftelsen, Jeanssons-stiftelsen, Magnus Bergvalls stiftelse, Soderstrom-Konigska stiftelsen, Marta Lundqvists stiftelse and the Novo Nordisk Foundation. 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Neurosci. PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 BP 378 EP 386 DI 10.1080/17470919.2014.897995 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AJ3XH UT WOS:000337600700007 PM 24635660 ER PT J AU Riekki, T Lindeman, M Raij, TT AF Riekki, Tapani Lindeman, Marjaana Raij, Tuukka T. TI Supernatural believers attribute more intentions to random movement than skeptics: An fMRI study SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Supernatural beliefs; Theory of mind; Intentionality; fMRI ID SOCIAL COGNITION; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; NEURAL FOUNDATIONS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; RELIGIOUS BELIEF; BRAIN; PERCEPTION; MIND; PURPOSE; AUTISM AB A host of research has attempted to explain why some believe in the supernatural and some do not. One suggested explanation for commonly held supernatural beliefs is that they are a by-product of theory of mind (ToM) processing. However, this does not explain why skeptics with intact ToM processes do not believe. We employed fMRI to investigate activation differences in ToM-related brain circuitries between supernatural believers (N = 12) and skeptics (N = 11) while they watched 2D animations of geometric objects moving intentionally or randomly and rated the intentionality of the animations. The ToM-related circuitries in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were localized by contrasting intention-rating-related and control-rating-related brain activation. Compared with the skeptics, the supernatural believers rated the random movements as more intentional and had stronger activation of the ToM-related circuitries during the animation with random movement. The strength of the ToM-related activation covaried with the intentionality ratings. These findings provide evidence that differences in ToM-related activations are associated with supernatural believers' tendency to interpret random phenomena in mental terms. Thus, differences in ToM processing may contribute to differences between believing and unbelieving. C1 [Riekki, Tapani; Lindeman, Marjaana] Univ Helsinki, Inst Behav Sci, Div Cognit Psychol & Neuropsychol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Raij, Tuukka T.] Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, OV Lounasmaa Lab, Brain Res Unit, Espoo, Finland. [Raij, Tuukka T.] Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, Adv Magnet Imaging Ctr, Espoo, Finland. RP Riekki, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Inst Behav Sci, Div Cognit Psychol & Neuropsychol, POB 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM tapani.riekki@helsinki.fi FU Research Funds of the University of Helsinki; National Centers of Excellence Programme; European Research Council Advanced Grant [232946] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Research Funds of the University of Helsinki awarded to Marjaana Lindeman and by the National Centers of Excellence Programme 2006-2011 and the European Research Council Advanced Grant [grant number 232946] to Riitta Hari. 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TI Emotional contagion for pain is intact in autism spectrum disorders SO TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; emotion perception; fMRI; pain ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COGNITIVE EMPATHY; NEURAL SYSTEMS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; BRAIN MECHANISMS; FUSIFORM GYRUS; MIRROR NEURON; ADULTS AB Perceiving others in pain generally leads to empathic concern, consisting of both emotional and cognitive processes. Empathy deficits have been considered as an element contributing to social difficulties in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and short video clips of facial expressions of people experiencing pain to examine the neural substrates underlying the spontaneous empathic response to pain in autism. Thirty-eight adolescents and adults of normal intelligence diagnosed with ASD and 35 matched controls participated in the study. In contrast to general assumptions, we found no significant differences in brain activation between ASD individuals and controls during the perception of pain experienced by others. Both groups showed similar levels of activation in areas associated with pain sharing, evidencing the presence of emotional empathy and emotional contagion in participants with autism as well as in controls. Differences between groups could be observed at a more liberal statistical threshold, and revealed increased activations in areas involved in cognitive reappraisal in ASD participants compared with controls. Scores of emotional empathy were positively correlated with brain activation in areas involved in embodiment of pain in ASD group only. Our findings show that simulation mechanisms involved in emotional empathy are preserved in high-functioning individuals with autism, and suggest that increased reappraisal may have a role in their apparent lack of caring behavior. C1 [Hadjikhani, N.; Zuercher, N. R.; Rogier, O.; Hippolyte, L.; Ruest, T.; Lassalle, A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Brain Mind Inst, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hadjikhani, N.; Gillberg, N.; Billstedt, E.; Helles, A.; Gillberg, C.; Gillberg, C.] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hadjikhani, N.; Zuercher, N. R.; Ward, N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. [Lemonnier, E.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab Neurosci Brest, EA4685, Brest, France. [Solomon, P.] McMaster Univ, Sch Rehabil Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Prkachin, K. M.] Univ No British Columbia, Hlth Psychol Lab, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. RP Hadjikhani, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, 149,13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM nouchine@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu RI Centre d'imagerie Biomedicale, CIBM/B-5740-2012 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P3-130191]; Velux Stiftung; Centre d'Imagerie BioMedicale (CIBM) of the University of Lausanne (UNIL); Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL); Swedish Science Council; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Foundation Rossi Di Montalera FX We thank all participants and their families. We also thank K. Metrailler for her support in participants' recruitment, C. Burget for her administrative assistance, A. Lissot and J. Snyder for their help in data analysis and technical support, and K. B. Jensen for her insightful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P3-130191 to NH), the Velux Stiftung, the Centre d'Imagerie BioMedicale (CIBM) of the University of Lausanne (UNIL), the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), the Swedish Science Council, as well as the Foundation Rossi Di Montalera. Preparation of the facial pain videos was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. 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Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 AR e343 DI 10.1038/tp.2013.113 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AJ2RL UT WOS:000337507500005 PM 24424389 ER PT J AU Wittkowski, KM Sonakya, V Bigio, B Tonn, MK Shic, F Ascano, M Nasca, C Gold-Von Simson, G AF Wittkowski, K. M. Sonakya, V. Bigio, B. Tonn, M. K. Shic, F. Ascano, M., Jr. Nasca, C. Gold-Von Simson, G. TI A novel computational biostatistics approach implies impaired dephosphorylation of growth factor receptors as associated with severity of autism SO TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE genetics; autism; epilepsy; computational biostatistics; genome-wide significance; genome-wide association studies; minor allele frequency ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; COMMON GENETIC-VARIANTS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NEURONAL EXCITABILITY; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTORS; 6-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM AB The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased 20-fold over the past 50 years to >1% of US children. Although twin studies attest to a high degree of heritability, the genetic risk factors are still poorly understood. We analyzed data from two independent populations using u-statistics for genetically structured wide-locus data and added data from unrelated controls to explore epistasis. To account for systematic, but disease-unrelated differences in (non-randomized) genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a correlation between P-values and minor allele frequency with low granularity data and for conducting multiple tests in overlapping genetic regions, we present a novel study-specific criterion for 'genome-wide significance'. From recent results in a comorbid disease, childhood absence epilepsy, we had hypothesized that axonal guidance and calcium signaling are involved in autism as well. Enrichment of the results in both studies with related genes confirms this hypothesis. Additional ASD-specific variations identified in this study suggest protracted growth factor signaling as causing more severe forms of ASD. Another cluster of related genes suggests chloride and potassium ion channels as additional ASD-specific drug targets. The involvement of growth factors suggests the time of accelerated neuronal growth and pruning at 9-24 months of age as the period during which treatment with ion channel modulators would be most effective in preventing progression to more severe forms of autism. By extension, the same computational biostatistics approach could yield profound insights into the etiology of many common diseases from the genetic data collected over the last decade. C1 [Wittkowski, K. M.; Sonakya, V.; Bigio, B.] Rockefeller Univ, Ctr Clin & Translat Sci, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Tonn, M. K.] Hsch Koblenz, Remagen, Germany. [Shic, F.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Autism Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Ascano, M., Jr.] Rockefeller Univ, Tuschl Lab RNA Mol Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Nasca, C.] Rockefeller Univ, McEwen Lab Neuroendocrinol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gold-Von Simson, G.] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Wittkowski, KM (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Ctr Clin & Translat Sci, 1230 York Ave Box 322, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM kmw@rockefeller.edu FU US National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [2 UL1 RR024143]; Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA); NCRR [8 UL1 TR000043]; US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative [2448132]; NCATS [UL1 TR000038, UL1 RR024139]; US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [R25DK092170-01A1]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [HD003008]; National Institute of Mental Health (NIHM) [MH100182, MH086732, MH092618-01A1, MH18268]; CTSA FX KMW, VS and BB were in part funded by grant #2 UL1 RR024143 from the US National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) and #8 UL1 TR000043 from the NCRR and the US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). KMW and VS were in part funded by grant #2448132 from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. GGVS was in part funded by grant #UL1 TR000038 from NCATS and grant #R25DK092170-01A1 from the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). FS was in part funded by grant #HD003008 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), grants #MH100182, #MH086732, #MH092618-01A1 and #MH18268 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIHM), and CTSA grant #UL1 RR024139 from NCATS. We thank Bernie Devlin and Lambertus Klei for providing critical information about the AGP data and previous analyses performed on it, James G. Krueger, Jules Hirsch, Donald Pfaff and Brian T. Chait for a critical review, and Daniel Li and Corin Bronsther for their help with data analysis and manuscript preparation. 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In addition to genetic risk, epigenetic mechanisms (which include DNA methylation/demethylation) are thought to be important in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. We studied epigenetic mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of candidate genes in cerebella of ASD patients, including the binding of MeCP2 (methyl CpG binding protein-2) to the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD1), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD2), and Reelin (RELN) promoters and gene bodies. Moreover, we performed methyl DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and hydroxymethyl DNA immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP) to measure total 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the same regions of these genes. The enrichment of 5-hmC and decrease in 5-mC at the GAD1 or RELN promoters detected by 5-hmC and 5-mC antibodies was confirmed by Tet-assisted bisulfite (TAB) pyrosequencing. The results showed a marked and significant increase in MeCP2 binding to the promoter regions of GAD1 and RELN, but not to the corresponding gene body regions in cerebellar cortex of ASD patients. Moreover, we detected a significant increase in TET1 expression and an enrichment in the level of 5-hmC, but not 5-mC, at the promoters of GAD1 and RELN in ASD when compared with CON. Moreover, there was increased TET1 binding to these promoter regions. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that an increase of 5-hmC (relative to 5-mC) at specific gene domains enhances the binding of MeCP2 to 5-hmC and reduces expression of the corresponding target genes in ASD cerebella. C1 [Zhubi, A.; Chen, Y.; Dong, E.; Guidotti, A.; Grayson, D. R.] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Cook, E. H.] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Grayson, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, 1601W Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM dgrayson@psych.uic.edu FU NIH [R24 MH-068855, P50 HD055751, 5R01 MH093348] FX We would like to acknowledge the Autism Tissue Program and the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center (supported in part by NIH R24 MH-068855) for providing human brain tissue samples. This work was supported in part by NIH P50 HD055751 and 5R01 MH093348 to EHC and AG, respectively. We would also like to thank the families for their sacrifice and contribution to the research. 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Int. PY 2014 AR 247218 DI 10.1155/2014/247218 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AJ1BG UT WOS:000337390000001 ER PT J AU Bollmer, GD AF Bollmer, Grant David TI PATHOLOGIES OF AFFECT The 'new wounded' and the politics of ontology SO CULTURAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE affect theory; the body; social relation; neuropsychology; autism; psychopathy ID AUTISM AB This essay juxtaposes the ontological variant of affect theorized by cultural theory with what Catherine Malabou terms the 'new wounded' - bodies defined by their inability to produce and experience specific neurological affects. Ontological affect theory positions the capacity of a body to affect and be affected as the foundation for relation both beyond and between individuals, often drawing on neuropsychology for the legitimation of its claims. The new wounded, however, exist as a form of life that cannot be acknowledged by these theories. The varied pathologies that comprise the new wounded are identified specifically by the inability to produce the affects that supposedly ground the ontology of relation. The first part of this essay examines how neuropsychology constructs and identifies the pathological other of the new wounded through discursive, medical and technological means. A body's capacity to experience affect is not something biologically given, but is instead produced through techniques that sort proper and improper bodies, defining the new wounded as less than fully human. The second part discusses the mobilization of neuropsychological norms in ontological affect theory. The turn to the biological in affect theory, often made in order to theorize a non-representational sphere of existence beyond the symbolic, relies on but cannot acknowledge the discursive and technological production of affective and affectless bodies in neuropsychology. The ontology of affect, consequentially, should be thought of as a normative political construct defined by the absent and erased other of the affectless body. I conclude by claiming that a politics of ontology must acknowledge how materialist and realist constructs of the ontological such as affect are inherently produced within and mobilized by historical contingencies, contexts and conjunctures. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Media & Commun, Digital Cultures Programme, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Bollmer, GD (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Media & Commun, Digital Cultures Programme, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. CR Ahmed S., 2004, CULTURAL POLITICS EM Babiak P, 2006, SNAKES SUITS PSYCHOP Barnbaum D. 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Stud. PY 2014 VL 28 IS 2 BP 298 EP 326 DI 10.1080/09502386.2013.826264 PG 29 WC Anthropology; Cultural Studies SC Anthropology; Cultural Studies GA AI8OF UT WOS:000337178000006 ER PT J AU Castro, S Pinto, A Simeonsson, RJ AF Castro, Susana Pinto, Ana Simeonsson, Rune J. TI Content analysis of Portuguese individualized education programmes for young children with autism using the ICF-CY framework SO EUROPEAN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ICF-CY; intervention; assessment; preschool; biopsychosocial; autism ID QUALITATIVE CONTENT-ANALYSIS; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION; DISABILITY; LINKING; HEALTH; YOUTH AB This study analysed 33 Individualised Education Programmes developed for pre-schoolers with autism, attending inclusive special education services in North Portugal, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth. The study identified dimensions of functioning addressed in the Individualised Education Programs and the correspondence between the assessment data on children's functionality and the intervention goals. The extent, to which the functioning dimensions overlap with the dimensions considered as essential to the assessment-intervention of children with autism, was also analysed. Results illustrate: the majority of domains addressed in the Portuguese Individualised Education Programmes relates to Activities and Participation; few domains are included both at the assessment and at the intervention level; Environmental Factors are not included in intervention goals; on average, the Individualised Education Programmes included only 32.8% of the dimensions considered to be essential; none of the eight essential Environmental Factors were included in any of the analysed Individualised Education Programmes, demonstrating a lack of consistency in assessment-intervention and difficulties in shifting paradigm. Results are discussed in light of the Ecological models of development and of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. C1 [Castro, Susana; Pinto, Ana] Univ Porto, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Simeonsson, Rune J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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PY 2014 VL 22 IS 1 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1080/1350293X.2012.704303 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA AI9EX UT WOS:000337234000007 ER PT J AU Signorini, C Leoncini, S De Felice, C Pecorelli, A Meloni, I Ariani, F Mari, F Amabile, S Paccagnini, E Gentile, M Belmonte, G Zollo, G Valacchi, G Durand, T Galano, JM Ciccoli, L Renieri, A Hayek, J AF Signorini, Cinzia Leoncini, Silvia De Felice, Claudio Pecorelli, Alessandra Meloni, Ilaria Ariani, Francesca Mari, Francesca Amabile, Sonia Paccagnini, Eugenio Gentile, Mariangela Belmonte, Giuseppe Zollo, Gloria Valacchi, Giuseppe Durand, Thierry Galano, Jean-Marie Ciccoli, Lucia Renieri, Alessandra Hayek, Joussef TI Redox Imbalance and Morphological Changes in Skin Fibroblasts in Typical Rett Syndrome SO OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY LA English DT Article ID AGED HUMAN SKIN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1; COLLAGEN FRAGMENTATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; AUTISM; MECP2; GLUTATHIONE; DISEASE AB Evidence of oxidative stress has been reported in the blood of patients with Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder mainly caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2. Little is known regarding the redox status in RTT cellular systems and its relationship with the morphological phenotype. In RTT patients (n = 16) we investigated four different oxidative stress markers, F-2 -Isoprostanes (F-2 -IsoPs), F-4 -Neuroprostanes (F-4 -NeuroPs), nonprotein bound iron (NPBI), and (4-HNE PAs), and glutathione in one of the most accessible cells, that is, skin fibroblasts, and searched for possible changes in cellular/intracellular structure and qualitativemodifications of synthesized collagen. Significantly increased F-4-NeuroPs (12-folds), F-2 -IsoPs (7.5-folds) NPBI (2.3-folds), 4-HNE PAs (1.48-folds), and GSSG (1.44-folds) were detected, with significantly decreased GSH(-43.6%) and GSH/GSSG ratio (-3.05 folds). A marked dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, associated with several cytoplasmic multilamellar bodies, was detectable in RTT fibroblasts. Colocalization of collagen I and collagen III, as well as the percentage of type I collagen as derived by semiquantitative immunofluorescence staining analyses, appears to be significantly reduced in RTT cells. Our findings indicate the presence of a redox imbalance and previously unrecognized morphological skin fibroblast abnormalities in RTT patients. C1 [Signorini, Cinzia; Leoncini, Silvia; Pecorelli, Alessandra; Zollo, Gloria; Ciccoli, Lucia] Univ Siena, Dept Mol & Dev Med, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Leoncini, Silvia; Pecorelli, Alessandra; Zollo, Gloria; Hayek, Joussef] Univ Hosp Azienda Osped Univ Senese AOUS, Child Neuropsychiat Unit, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [De Felice, Claudio] Univ Hosp AOUS, Policlin SM Alle Scotte, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Meloni, Ilaria; Ariani, Francesca; Mari, Francesca; Amabile, Sonia; Renieri, Alessandra] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Paccagnini, Eugenio; Gentile, Mariangela] Univ Siena, Dept Life Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Belmonte, Giuseppe] Univ Siena, Dept Med Surg & Neurosci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Valacchi, Giuseppe] Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy. [Durand, Thierry; Galano, Jean-Marie] UMR 5247 CNRS UM I UM II ENSCM, Inst Biomol Max Mousseron, F-34093 Montpellier 5, France. [Renieri, Alessandra] Azienda Osped Univ Senese, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Signorini, C (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Mol & Dev Med, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM cinzia.signorini@unisi.it; geniente@gmail.com FU Italian Health Ministry and Tuscan Region; [RF-TOS-20081225570] FX This work was supported by the Grant no. RF-TOS-20081225570-Bando Malattie Rare to AR. The present research project has been mainly funded by the Italian Health Ministry and Tuscan Region. This research is dedicated to all the Rett girls and their families. The authors thank Dr. Pierluigi Tosi, Dr. Silvia Briani, and Dr. Roberta Croci from the Administrative Direction of the Azienda Ospedaliera Senese for continued support to our studies and for prior purchasing of the gas spectrometry instrumentation. They also thank professional singer Matteo Setti for his artistic contributions to the exploration of Rett syndrome and his many charity concerts dedicated to the Rett girls and their families. 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Cell. Longev. PY 2014 AR 195935 DI 10.1155/2014/195935 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA AJ1OW UT WOS:000337426400001 ER PT J AU Sappok, T Heinrich, M Diefenbacher, A AF Sappok, Tanja Heinrich, Manuel Diefenbacher, Albert TI Psychometric Properties of the Autism-Checklist (ACL) in Adults with Intellectual Disability SO PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS LA German DT Article DE intellectual developmental disability; autism; diagnostics; SCQ; PDD-MRS ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INDIVIDUALS; INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; VALIDITY; SPECTRUM; SKILLS AB Objective: To determine the validity of the Autism-Checklist (ACL) in adults with intellectual disability (ID) who are suspected of having autism spectrum disorder. Methods: In 154 adults with ID the results of the ACL were compared to the results of the final diagnostic classification obtained by a multiprofessional case conference for autism. Psychometric properties of the ACL were evaluated. Results: The internal consistency as indicated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.81. The ACL sum score highly correlated with established screening measures such as the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ: Spearman's rho = 0.620) and the Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Mental Retardation Scale (PDD-MRS: Spearman's rho = 0.490). ROC Analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.859. The ACL classification complied with the final diagnostic classification in 80.5% and Cohen's kappa revealed a moderate agreement of 0.596. Sensitivity/specificity of the ACL were 90.7 %/67.6 %, respectively. Interrater-intertime reliability was good (Cohen's kappa = 0.702; Spearman= 0.549; n = 53). In 19 patients (22 %) a diagnosis of ASD had been given prior to referral. Conclusion: The ACL is a suitable measure for adults with ID and suspicion of autism spectrum disorders. 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TI Combined H-1-NMR and H-1-C-13 HSQC-NMR to improve urinary screening in autism spectrum disorders SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; CHILDREN; PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; METABOLOMICS; METABONOMICS; BIOFLUIDS; DISEASE; ACIDS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases with complex genetic and environmental etiological factors. Although genetic causes play a significant part in the etiology of ASD, metabolic disturbances may also play a causal role or modulate the clinical features of ASD. The number of ASD studies involving metabolomics is increasing, and sometime with conflicting findings. We assessed the metabolomics profiling of urine samples to determine a comprehensive biochemical signature of ASD. Furthermore, to date no study has combined metabolic profiles obtained from different analytical techniques to distinguish patient with ASD from healthy individuals. We obtained H-1-NMR spectra and 2D H-1-C-13 HSQC NMR spectra from urine samples of patients with ASD or healthy controls. We analyzed these spectra by multivariate statistical data analysis. The OPLS-DA model obtained from H-1 NMR spectra showed a good discrimination between ASD samples and non-ASD samples ((RY)-Y-2(cum) -0.70 and Q(2) -0.51). Combining the 1H NMR spectra and the 2D H-1-C-13 HSQC NMR spectra increased the overall quality and predictive value of the OPLS-DA model ((RY)-Y-2(cum) = 0.84 and Q(2) = 0.71), leading to a better sensitivity and specificity. Urinary excretion of succinate, glutamate and 3-methyl-histidine differed significantly between ASD and non-ASD samples. Urinary screening of children with neurodevelopmental disorders by combining NMR spectroscopies (1D and 2D) in multivariate analysis is a better sensitive and a straightforward method that could help the diagnosis ASD. C1 [Nadal-Desbarats, Lydie; Aidoud, Nacima; Emond, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Mavel, Sylvie; Andres, Christian R.] Univ Tours, INSERM U930, Equipe Neurogenet & Neurometabol, PPF Anal Syst Biol,UFR Med, F-37000 Tours, France. [Nadal-Desbarats, Lydie; Emond, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Andres, Christian R.] CHRU Tours, Serv Biochim & Biol Mol, F-37000 Tours, France. [Nadal-Desbarats, Lydie; Emond, Patrick] PPF Anal Syst Biol, Dept Anal Chim Biol & Mol, Tours, France. [Bonnet-Brilhault, Frederique] CHRU Tours, Ctr Univ Psedopsychiat, F-37000 Tours, France. [Sarda, Pierre] CHU Montpellier, Serv Genet Med, F-34000 Montpellier, France. [Filipiak, Isabelle] Univ Tours, INSERM U930, Equipe Imagerie & Ultrasons, F-37000 Tours, France. [Bonnet-Brilhault, Frederique] Univ Tours, INSERM U930, Equipe Autisme, F-37000 Tours, France. RP Nadal-Desbarats, L (reprint author), Univ Tours, INSERM U930, Equipe Neurogenet & Neurometabol, PPF Anal Syst Biol,UFR Med, 10 BlvdTonnelli, F-37000 Tours, France. EM nadal@med.univ-tours.fr FU "Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche" INSERM; University Francois-Rabelais FX This work was supported by the "Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche" INSERM and the University Francois-Rabelais. We would like to thank the children and their parents/guardians who volunteered to participate in this study. We thank the center "Sesame Autisme Loiret" for their participation in this study. CR Adams JB, 2011, NUTR METAB, V8, DOI 10.1186/1743-7075-8-34 Aldred S, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P93, DOI 10.1023/A:1022238706604 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th [Anonymous], 2010, AUT SPECTR DIS OTH D Association A. 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J. Dev. Disabil. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 60 IS 1 BP 55 EP 56 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AI7SU UT WOS:000337099500009 ER PT J AU Rose, L AF Rose, Louis TI Secrets to success for professionals in the autism field: an insider's guide to understanding the autism spectrum, the environment and your role SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review CR GERLAND G, 2013, SECRETS SUCCESS PROF NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 2047-3869 EI 2047-3877 J9 INT J DEV DISABIL JI Int. J. Dev. Disabil. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 60 IS 1 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AI7SU UT WOS:000337099500010 ER PT J AU Ahlstrom, BH Wentz, E AF Ahlstrom, Britt H. Wentz, Elisabet TI Difficulties in everyday life: Young persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders perspectives. A chat-log analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE STUDIES ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING LA English DT Article DE ADHD; autism; coaching; content analysis; everyday life; Internet-based support; vulnerability; young persons ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ADULT ADHD; ADOLESCENCE; CHILDHOOD; CONCEPTIONS; PREVALENCE; TRANSITION; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB This study focuses on the everyday life of young persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are follow-up studies describing ADHD, and ASD in adults, and residual impairments that affect life. Few qualitative studies have been conducted on the subject of their experiences of everyday life, and even fewer are from young persons' perspectives. This study's aim was to describe how young persons with ADHD and ASD function and how they manage their everyday life based on analyses of Internet-based chat logs. Twelve young persons (7 males and 5 females aged 15 - 26) diagnosed with ADHD and ASD were included consecutively and offered 8 weeks of Internet-based Support and Coaching (IBSC). Data were collected from 12 chat logs (445 pages of text) produced interactively by the participants and the coaches. Qualitative content analysis was applied. The text was coded and sorted into subthemes and further interpreted into themes. The findings revealed two themes: "fighting against an everyday life lived in vulnerability" with the following subthemes: "difficult things," "stress and rest," and "when feelings and thoughts are a concern"; and the theme "struggling to find a life of one's own" with the following subthemes: "decide and carry out," "making life choices," and "taking care of oneself." Dealing with the problematic situations that everyday encompasses requires personal strength and a desire to find adequate solutions, as well as to discover a role in society. This study, into the provision of support and coaching over the Internet, led to more in-depth knowledge about these young persons' everyday lives and revealed their ability to use IBSC to express the complexity of everyday life for young persons with ADHD and ASD. The implications of the findings are that using online coaching makes available new opportunities for healthcare professionals to acknowledge these young persons' problems. C1 [Ahlstrom, Britt H.] Univ West, Dept Nursing Hlth & Culture, Trollhattan, Sweden. [Ahlstrom, Britt H.; Wentz, Elisabet] Swedish Inst Hlth Sci, Vardal Inst, Lund, Sweden. [Wentz, Elisabet] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden. 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M., 1999, J FAMILY NURSING, V5, P259, DOI DOI 10.1177/107484079900500302 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 1748-2623 EI 1748-2631 J9 INT J QUAL STUD HEAL JI Int. J. Qual. Stud. Health Well-Being PY 2014 VL 9 AR 23376 DI 10.3402/qhw.v9.23376 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AI5LO UT WOS:000336908700001 PM 24875238 ER PT J AU Sylvia, LG Shesler, LW Peckham, AD Grandin, T Kahn, DA AF Sylvia, Louisa Grandin Shesler, Leah W. Peckham, Andrew D. Grandin, Temple Kahn, David A. TI Adjunctive Deep Touch Pressure for Comorbid Anxiety in Bipolar Disorder: Mediated by Control of Sensory Input? SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE deep touch pressure; bipolar disorder; anxiety; comorbidity ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OVER-RESPONSIVITY; CHILDREN; PSYCHOSIS; EFFICACY; MASSAGE AB Previous studies have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience sensory over-responsivity (SOR) in which a heightened response is evoked by stimuli in the environment. These individuals also display symptoms of anxiety such as irritability, avoidance, and sweating. Deep touch pressure, a technique in which firm touch is applied to the body either by the self or by a machine, has been shown to improve functioning and reduce symptoms of anxiety in these populations. A patient presenting with bipolar I disorder and comorbid anxiety, ADHD, and dyslexia was taught deep touch pressure strategies to alleviate severe symptoms of sensory over-responsivity and anxiety. The patient reported that the techniques were helpful as they allowed her to cope with potentially overwhelming situations in her environment. Clinician-rated functioning also improved over the course of treatment. This case study suggests that deep touch pressure may be useful in patients with bipolar disorder who have SOR and anxiety as comorbid conditions. C1 [Sylvia, Louisa Grandin; Shesler, Leah W.; Peckham, Andrew D.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Sylvia, Louisa Grandin] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Grandin, Temple] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kahn, David A.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Sylvia, LG (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 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Psychiatr. Pract. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1097/01.pra.0000442942.01479.ce PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AI4AN UT WOS:000336807600011 PM 24419314 ER PT J AU Aldemir, O Gursel, O AF Aldemir, Ozgul Gursel, Oguz TI The Effectiveness of the Constant Time Delay Procedure in Teaching Pre-school Academic Skills to Children with Developmental Disabilities in a Small Group Teaching Arrangement SO KURAM VE UYGULAMADA EGITIM BILIMLERI LA English DT Article DE Constant Time Delay Procedure; Developmental Disability; Observational Learning; Pre-school Academic Skills; Small Group Teaching Arrangement ID SMALL-GROUP INSTRUCTION; CHAINED TASKS; STUDENTS; ACQUISITION; INFORMATION; AUTISM; FEEDBACK AB Children with developmental disabilities are trained using different teaching arrangements. One of these arrangements is called small group teaching. It has been ascertained that a small group teaching arrangement is more effective than a one-to-one teaching arrangement. In that sense, teaching academic skills to pre-school children in small-group arrangements is crucial in order to make them ready for their future educational environment. Considering this, the present study investigated the effectiveness of the constant time delay procedure in teaching pre-school academic skills to children with developmental disabilities in a small group teaching arrangement. It was also examined to what extent learning through observation can be achieved using the small-group teaching arrangement with a constant time delay. The study was conducted using four children with developmental disabilities between the ages of four and six. The multiple probe design across behaviors was applied individually to the four subjects in the study. The findings indicated that the use of constant time delay teaching in small-group arrangements was effective for children with developmental disabilities in teaching different pre-school academic skills using different stimuli. 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Parents' and Teachers' Agreement in Temperament Assessment of Portuguese Children SO PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Inter-rater agreement; rating scales; temperament; preschooler ID BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; EMOTIONAL-PROBLEMS; MATERNAL REPORTS; PERSONALITY; PRESCHOOLERS; PERCEPTIONS; DISORDERS; CLASSROOM; VALIDITY; RATINGS AB This study was intended to address the issue of convergence between informants (mother, father, regular teacher and special education teacher, whenever applicable) when assessing the temperament of children between 2 and 7 years old. The study was based on a sample of 138 children, distributed into four groups with different developmental characteristics: Down syndrome, Autism, Premature Birth, and Normal Development. Informants filled in the Temperament Assessment Battery for Children - Revised in its parents' or teachers' versions. Whereas correlations between assessments made by adults of different contexts were low, high correlations were found between informants who observe the child in the same context. Results are discussed in terms of their possible implications for the assessment of children's temperament. C1 [Seabra-Santos, Maria Joao] Univ Coimbra, P-3001802 Coimbra, Distrito De Coi, Portugal. [Almeida, Margarida Sousa] Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Coimbra, Distrito De Coi, Portugal. RP Seabra-Santos, MJ (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Fac Psicol & Ciencias Educ, Rua Colegio Novo,Apartado 6153, P-3001802 Coimbra, Distrito De Coi, Portugal. EM seabramj@fpce.uc.pt CR ACHENBACH TM, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V101, P213, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 Almeida M., 2010, PSYCHOLOGICA, V53, P313 Anthony BJ, 2005, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V34, P31, DOI 10.1007/s10964-005-1334-y Bates J. 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PY 2014 VL 27 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AI6EV UT WOS:000336964900002 ER PT J AU Maurage, P Campanella, S AF Maurage, Pierre Campanella, Salvatore TI Towards a Crossmodal Exploration of Cognitive Deficits in Psychopathology SO PSYCHOLOGICA BELGICA LA English DT Review ID EMOTIONAL FACIAL EXPRESSION; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; AFFECTIVE PROSODY COMPREHENSION; AUDITORY-VISUAL INTEGRATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MULTISENSORY INTEGRATION; AUDIOVISUAL INTEGRATION; ALCOHOL-DEPENDENCE; GREATER SENSITIVITY; MODAL INTERACTIONS AB Face-voice integration has been extensively explored among healthy participants during the last decades. Nevertheless, while binding alterations constitute a core feature of many psychiatric diseases and have been thoroughly investigated in schizophrenia and autism, these crossmodal processes have been little explored in other psychiatric populations, and notably in addictions. As an illustration, alcohol-dependence is associated with a wide range of psychological, cognitive and cerebral consequences, among which affective disturbances hold a crucial position. Indeed, it has been shown during the last decade that alcohol-dependent individuals present important emotional impairments, particularly in the decoding of affective faces and voices. In view of the role they play in the development and maintenance of alcohol-dependence, it appears crucial to deepen the understanding of these deficits, and notably to determine their evolution in more ecological settings. Indeed, these decoding deficits have up to now been exclusively explored in unimodal studies (i.e. focusing on one sensorial modality) while in real life situations, emotional stimulations are most often multimodal. The central objective of the present paper is thus to present recent studies using an integrative approach combining behavioural, electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques to explore the audiovisual integration of emotional stimuli in alcohol-dependence. These results, clearly showing that alcohol-dependence leads to altered crossmodal processing of affective faces and voices, constitute a first step towards a multidisciplinary exploration of crossmodal processing in psychiatry, extending to other stimulations, sensorial modalities and populations. Finally, the fundamental and clinical implications of this research perspective will also be underlined. C1 [Maurage, Pierre] Catholic Univ Louvain, Psychol Sci Res Inst, Lab Expt Psychopathol, Louvain, Belgium. [Campanella, Salvatore] Univ Libre Brussels, CHU Brugmann, ULB Neurosci Inst, Lab Psychol Med & Addictol, Brussels, Belgium. 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Their importance is underlined by the finding that mutations in a host of microtubule associated proteins cause detrimental neurological disorders. More recently, the structural subunits of microtubules, the tubulin proteins, have been implicated in a spectrum of human diseases collectively known as the tubulinopathies. This chapter reviews the discovery of microtubules, the role they play in neurodevelopment, and catalogues the tubulin isoforms associated with neurodevelopmental disease. Our focus is on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathology of tubulin-associated diseases. Finally, we reflect on whether different tubulin genes have distinct intrinsic functions. C1 [Breuss, Martin; Keays, David A.] Inst Mol Pathol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. RP Keays, DA (reprint author), Inst Mol Pathol, Dr Bohr Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. 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NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 EI 1708-8267 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 MA 88 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AH7AP UT WOS:000336284900101 ER PT J AU Min-Venditti, C Harker, C Ibanez, L Stone, W AF Min-Venditti, C. Harker, C. Ibanez, L. Stone, W. TI EARLY MATERNAL RESPONSIVENESS AND LATER LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS AT RISK FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 23-25, 2014 CL Carmel, CA SP Amer Federat Med Res C1 [Min-Venditti, C.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Harker, C.; Ibanez, L.; Stone, W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 EI 1708-8267 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 MA 187 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AH7AP UT WOS:000336284900199 ER PT J AU Tsontakis, A Andrews, J Rice, S AF Tsontakis, A. Andrews, J. Rice, S. TI IMPROVING EARLY SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM IN UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS IN ARIZONA THROUGH THE ARIZONA LEADERSHIP EDUCATION IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL AND RELATED DISABILITIES PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 23-25, 2014 CL Carmel, CA SP Amer Federat Med Res C1 [Tsontakis, A.; Andrews, J.; Rice, S.] U AZ Coll Med, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 EI 1708-8267 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 MA 190 BP 200 EP 201 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AH7AP UT WOS:000336284900202 ER PT J AU Class, QA Abel, KM Khashan, AS Rickert, ME Dalman, C Larsson, H Hultman, CM Langstrom, N Lichtenstein, P D'Onofrio, BM AF Class, Q. A. Abel, K. M. Khashan, A. S. Rickert, M. E. Dalman, C. Larsson, H. Hultman, C. M. Langstrom, N. Lichtenstein, P. D'Onofrio, B. M. TI Offspring psychopathology following preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal bereavement stress SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism; postnatal; preconception; prenatal; psychiatric; psychopathology; schizophrenia; stress; suicide ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SEVERE LIFE EVENTS; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; SUICIDAL-BEHAVIOR; PRETERM BIRTH; RISK-FACTORS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEPRESSED MOTHERS; HEALTH OUTCOMES AB Background. Preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal stress is associated with increased offspring psychopathology, but findings are inconsistent and need replication. We estimated associations between maternal bereavement stress and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt and completed suicide. Method. Using Swedish registers, we conducted the largest population-based study to date examining associations between stress exposure in 738144 offspring born 1992-2000 for childhood outcomes and 2155221 offspring born 1973-1997 for adult outcomes with follow-up to 2009. Maternal stress was defined as death of a first-degree relative during (a) the 6 months before conception, (b) pregnancy or (c) the first two postnatal years. Cox proportional survival analyses were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Results. Marginal increased risk of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia following preconception bereavement stress was not significant. Third-trimester prenatal stress increased the risk of ASD [ adjusted HR (aHR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.17] and ADHD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.66). First postnatal year stress increased the risk of offspring suicide attempt (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25) and completed suicide (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.11). Bereavement stress during the second postnatal year increased the risk of ASD (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.55). Conclusions. Further research is needed regarding associations between preconception stress and psychopathological outcomes. Prenatal bereavement stress increases the risk of offspring ASD and ADHD. Postnatal bereavement stress moderately increases the risk of offspring suicide attempt, completed suicide and ASD. Smaller previous studies may have overestimated associations between early stress and psychopathological outcomes. C1 [Class, Q. A.; Rickert, M. E.; D'Onofrio, B. M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Abel, K. M.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Womens Mental Hlth, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Khashan, A. S.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Anu Res Ctr, Cork, Ireland. [Dalman, C.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Publ Hlth Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, H.; Hultman, C. M.; Langstrom, N.; Lichtenstein, P.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Class, QA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, 1101 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM qaclass@indiana.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [MH094011]; National Institute of Child Health and Development [HD061817]; Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research; Swedish Research Council (Medicine); Swedish Society of Medicine Soderstrom-Konigska sjukhemmet FX The study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH094011), the National Institute of Child Health and Development (HD061817), the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, the Swedish Research Council (Medicine) and the Swedish Society of Medicine Soderstrom-Konigska sjukhemmet. 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TI Age of onset in obsessive-compulsive disorder: admixture analysis with a large sample SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Admixture analysis; age of onset; obsessive-compulsive disorder ID CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SYMPTOM DIMENSIONS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DSM-V; ANXIETY; SUBTYPES; OCD; SEVERITY; FEATURES; AUTISM AB Background. Research into age of onset in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has indicated significant differences between patients with early and late onset of the disorder. However, multiple criteria have been used arbitrarily for differentiating between early-and late-onset OCD, rendering inconsistent results that are difficult to interpret. Method. In the current study, admixture analysis was conducted in a sample of 377 OC patients to determine the number of underlying populations of age of onset and associated demographic and clinical characteristics. Various measures of anxiety, depression, co-morbidity, autism, OCD, tics and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were administered. Results. A bimodal age of onset was established and the best-fitting cut-off score between early and late age of onset was 20 years (early age of onset 419 years). Patients with early age of onset were more likely to be single. Early age of onset patients demonstrated higher levels of OCD severity and increased symptoms on all OCD dimensions along with increased ADHD symptoms and higher rates of bipolar disorder. Conclusions. It is suggested that 20 years is the recommended cut-off age for the determination of early versus late age of onset in OCD. Early age of onset is associated with a generally graver OCD clinical picture and increased ADHD symptoms and bipolar disorder rates, which may be related to greater functional implications of the disorder. We propose that age of onset could be an important marker for the subtyping of OCD. 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Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 1 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1017/S0033291713000470 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AI2EX UT WOS:000336671400017 PM 23517651 ER PT J AU Lee, SM Gao, T McCarthy, G AF Lee, Su Mei Gao, Tao McCarthy, Gregory TI Attributing intentions to random motion engages the posterior superior temporal sulcus SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fMRI; posterior superior temporal sulcus; intention attribution; biological motion; social perception ID SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; BRAIN; AUTISM; ACTIVATION; ANIMACY; FMRI; ATTENTION; REGION AB The right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is a neural region involved in assessing the goals and intentions underlying the motion of social agents. Recent research has identified visual cues, such as chasing, that trigger animacy detection and intention attribution. When readily available in a visual display, these cues reliably activate the pSTS. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined if attributing intentions to random motion would likewise engage the pSTS. Participants viewed displays of four moving circles and were instructed to search for chasing or mirror-correlated motion. On chasing trials, one circle chased another circle, invoking the percept of an intentional agent; while on correlated motion trials, one circle's motion was mirror reflected by another. On the remaining trials, all circles moved randomly. As expected, pSTS activation was greater when participants searched for chasing vs correlated motion when these cues were present in the displays. Of critical importance, pSTS activation was also greater when participants searched for chasing compared to mirror-correlated motion when the displays in both search conditions were statistically identical random motion. We conclude that pSTS activity associated with intention attribution can be invoked by top-down processes in the absence of reliable visual cues for intentionality. C1 [Lee, Su Mei; Gao, Tao; McCarthy, Gregory] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP McCarthy, G (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 208205, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM gregory.mccarthy@yale.edu FU Yale University FAS Imaging Fund; National Institutes of Health [MH05286] FX We thank Rebecca Dyer, Miranda Farmer and Cora Mukerji for their help in data collection. This work was supported by the Yale University FAS Imaging Fund and by the National Institutes of Health (MH05286 to G.M.). T.G. is currently at the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT. 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Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1093/scan/nss110 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AH9TY UT WOS:000336487400011 PM 22983598 ER PT J AU Kana, RK Libero, LE Hu, CP Deshpande, HD Colburn, JS AF Kana, Rajesh K. Libero, Lauren E. Hu, Christi P. Deshpande, Hrishikesh D. Colburn, Jeffrey S. TI Functional Brain Networks and White Matter Underlying Theory-of-Mind in Autism SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE functional MRI; theory-of-mind; intentional causality; physical causality; causal attribution; diffusion tensor imaging; fractional anisotropy; functional connectivity; autism ID TEMPORO-PARIETAL JUNCTION; MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL COGNITION; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; BODY EXPERIENCE; REVISED VERSION; NORMAL-CHILDREN AB Human beings constantly engage in attributing causal explanations to one's own and to others actions, and theory-of-mind (ToM) is critical in making such inferences. Although children learn causal attribution early in development, children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are known to have impairments in the development of intentional causality. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study investigated the neural correlates of physical and intentional causal attribution in people with ASDs. In the fMRI scanner, 15 adolescents and adults with ASDs and 15 age-and IQ-matched typically developing peers made causal judgments about comic strips presented randomly in an event-related design. All participants showed robust activation in bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus at the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) in response to intentional causality. Participants with ASDs showed lower activation in TPJ, right inferior frontal gyrus and left premotor cortex. Significantly weaker functional connectivity was also found in the ASD group between TPJ and motor areas during intentional causality. DTI data revealed significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in ASD participants in white matter underlying the temporal lobe. In addition to underscoring the role of TPJ in ToM, this study found an interaction between motor simulation and mentalizing systems in intentional causal attribution and its possible discord in autism. C1 [Kana, Rajesh K.; Libero, Lauren E.; Hu, Christi P.; Deshpande, Hrishikesh D.; Colburn, Jeffrey S.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kana, RK (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, CIRC 235 G,1719 6th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM rkana@uab.edu FU McNulty-Civitan Scientist Award; CCTS Pilot Grant [5UL1 RR025777] FX This research was supported by the McNulty-Civitan Scientist Award and the CCTS Pilot Grant (5UL1 RR025777) to R.K. The authors would like to thank Eric Brunet for generously providing us with his stimulus set of cartoon strip vignettes. The authors would also like to thank Laura Klinger, Heather Wadsworth, Brittany Travers, Christopher Klein, Kathy Pearson and Elizabeth Blum for their help with different aspects of this study. 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Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1093/scan/nss106 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AH9TY UT WOS:000336487400013 PM 22977198 ER PT J AU Tottenham, N Hertzig, ME Gillespie-Lynch, K Gilhooly, T Millner, AJ Casey, BJ AF Tottenham, Nim Hertzig, Margaret E. Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen Gilhooly, Tara Millner, Alexander J. Casey, B. J. TI Elevated amygdala response to faces and gaze aversion in autism spectrum disorder SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fMRI; amygdala; face expressions; autism spectrum disorders; eye-tracking ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; EMOTIONAL FACES; FIXATION PATTERNS; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; SOCIAL BRAIN; CHILDREN; FMRI AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often associated with impairments in judgment of facial expressions. This impairment is often accompanied by diminished eye contact and atypical amygdala responses to face stimuli. The current study used a within-subjects design to examine the effects of natural viewing and an experimental eye-gaze manipulation on amygdala responses to faces. Individuals with ASD showed less gaze toward the eye region of faces relative to a control group. Among individuals with ASD, reduced eye gaze was associated with higher threat ratings of neutral faces. Amygdala signal was elevated in the ASD group relative to controls. This elevated response was further potentiated by experimentally manipulating gaze to the eye region. Potentiation by the gaze manipulation was largest for those individuals who exhibited the least amount of naturally occurring gaze toward the eye region and was associated with their subjective threat ratings. Effects were largest for neutral faces, highlighting the importance of examining neutral faces in the pathophysiology of autism and questioning their use as control stimuli with this population. Overall, our findings provide support for the notion that gaze direction modulates affective response to faces in ASD. C1 [Tottenham, Nim; Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tottenham, Nim; Casey, B. J.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, Sackler Inst Dev Psychobiol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Hertzig, Margaret E.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Psychol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Gilhooly, Tara] St Johns Univ, Dept Psychol, Queens, NY 11439 USA. [Millner, Alexander J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tottenham, N (reprint author), UCLA Psychol Dev, 1285 Franz Hall,Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM nimtottenham@ucla.edu FU Autism Speaks-National Alliance for Autism Research; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology FX Many thanks to Douglas Ballon, Henning Voss, Weill Cornell Medical College Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center (Douglas Ballon, director) and the individuals who participated in this study. Supported by Autism Speaks-National Alliance for Autism Research and the Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology. 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Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1093/scan/nst050 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AH9TY UT WOS:000336487400014 PM 23596190 ER PT J AU McNaughton, D Rackensperger, T Dorn, D Wilson, N AF McNaughton, David Rackensperger, Tracy Dorn, Dana Wilson, Natasha TI "Home is at work and work is at home": Telework and individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Employment; severe disability; cerebral palsy; autism; assistive technology ID DISABILITIES; PEOPLE; ACCESS; AAC; TECHNOLOGIES; LESSONS; ADULTS; NEEDS; SAY AB BACKGROUND: Telework, the use of distance communication technologies to participate in the workforce, has been suggested as a promising employment strategy for individuals with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the benefits and negative impacts of telework, as well as the supports and challenges to telework activities, for persons who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). METHODS: This study used a series of focus group discussions, conducted on the internet, to examine the employment experiences of nine individuals with disabilities who used AAC and who held jobs that involved the use of telework. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged from the discussion: (a) benefits of telework, (b) negative impacts of telework, (c) strategies for addressing negative impacts of telework, and (d) recommendations for improving employment outcomes for individuals who use AAC. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, while participants identified the elimination of travel time and flexible work schedules as key strengths of telework, concerns were expressed regarding feelings of isolation and the difficulty in separating home and work environments. The participants also emphasized the important role of educational programs in supporting the acquisition of literacy and self-advocacy skills, and the need for post-secondary programs to support the school-to-workplace transition. C1 [McNaughton, David; Dorn, Dana; Wilson, Natasha] Penn State Univ, Dept Counseling & Educ Psychol & Special Educ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rackensperger, Tracy] Univ Georgia, Inst Human Dev & Disabil, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McNaughton, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Counseling & Educ Psychol & Special Educ, 227 CEDAR Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 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Kusmierska, Katarzyna Tryfon, Jolanta Demkow, Urszula TI The Analysis of Genetic Aberrations in Children with Inherited Neurometabolic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders SO BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; C-MAF; MEF2C; DYSTONIA; LANGUAGE; SPEECH; AUTISM; REGION AB Inherited encephalopathies include a broad spectrum of heterogeneous disorders. To provide a correct diagnosis, an integrated approach including genetic testing is warranted. We report seven patients with difficult to diagnose inborn paediatric encephalopathies. The diagnosis could not be attained only by means of clinical and laboratory investigations and MRI. Additional genetic testing was required. Cytogenetics, PCR based tests, and array-based comparative genome hybridization were performed. In 4 patients with impaired language abilities we found the presence of microduplication in the region 16q23.1 affecting two dose-sensitive genes: WWOX (OMIM 605131) and MAF (OMIM 177075) (1 case), an interstitial deletion of the 17p11.2 region (2 patients further diagnosed as Smith-Magenis syndrome), and deletion encompassing first three exons of Myocyte Enhancer Factor gene 2MEF2C (1 case). The two other cases represented progressing dystonia. Characteristic GAG deletion in DYT1 consistently with the diagnosis of torsion dystonia was confirmed in 1 case. Last enrolled patient presented with clinical picture consistent with Krabbe disease confirmed by finding of two pathogenic variants of GALC gene and the absence of mutations in PSAP. The integrated diagnostic approach including genetic testing in selected examples of complicated hereditary diseases of the brain is largely discussed in this paper. C1 [Szymanska, Krystyna] Polish Acad Sci, Mossakowski Med Res Ctr, Dept Clin & Expt Neuropathol, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. [Szymanska, Krystyna] Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Child Psychiat, PL-00576 Warsaw, Poland. [Szczaluba, Krzysztof] GenCtr Reg Ctr Clin Genet & Modern Technol, PL-25375 Kielce, Poland. [Lugowska, Agnieszka] Inst Psychiat & Neurol, Dept Genet, PL-02957 Warsaw, Poland. [Obersztyn, Ewa; Nowakowska, Beata A.] Inst Mother & Child Hlth, Dept Med Genet, PL-01211 Warsaw, Poland. [Radkowski, Marek] Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Immunopathol Infect Dis, PL-02091 Warsaw, Poland. [Kusmierska, Katarzyna; Demkow, Urszula] Inst Mother & Child Hlth, Clin Child & Adolescent Neurol, PL-01211 Warsaw, Poland. [Tryfon, Jolanta] Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Lab Diagnost & Clin Immunol, PL-00576 Warsaw, Poland. RP Szymanska, K (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Mossakowski Med Res Ctr, Dept Clin & Expt Neuropathol, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. 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PY 2014 AR 424796 DI 10.1155/2014/424796 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AH7KO UT WOS:000336312200001 ER PT J AU Haron, MH Khan, IA Dasmahapatra, AK AF Haron, Mona H. Khan, Ikhlas A. Dasmahapatra, Asok K. TI Developmental regulation of neuroligin genes in Japanese ricefish (Oryzias latipes) embryogenesis maintains the rhythm during ethanol-induced fetal alcohol spectrum disorder SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neuroligin; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; Ethanol; Development; Japanese ricefish ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE; EXPRESSION; NEUREXIN; SYNAPSE; ZEBRAFISH; AUTISM; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; ELEGANS; BINDING AB Although prenatal alcohol exposure is the potential cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in humans, the molecular mechanism(s) of FASD is yet unknown. We have used Japanese ricefish (Otyzias latipes) embryogenesis as an animal model of FASD and reported that this model has effectively generated several phenotypic features in the cardiovasculature and neurocranial cartilages by developmental ethanol exposure which is analogous to human FASD phenotypes. As FASD is a neurobehavioral disorder, we are searching for a molecular target of ethanol that alters neurological functions. In this communication, we have focused on neuroligin genes (nlgn) which are known to be active at the postsynaptic side of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses of the central nervous system. There are six human NLGN homologs of Japanese ricefish reported in public data bases. We have partially cloned these genes and analyzed their expression pattern during normal development and also after exposing the embryos to ethanol. Our data indicate that the expression of all six nip genes in Japanese ricefish embryos is developmentally regulated. Although ethanol is able to induce developmental abnormalities in Japanese ricefish embryogenesis comparable to the FASD phenotypes, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of nlgn mRNAs indicate unresponsiveness of these genes to ethanol. We conclude that the disruption of the developmental rhythm of Japanese ricefish embryogenesis by ethanol that leads to FASD may not affect the nlgn gene expression at the message level. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Khan, Ikhlas A.; Dasmahapatra, Asok K.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Haron, Mona H.; Dasmahapatra, Asok K.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dasmahapatra, AK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM asok@olemiss.edu FU National Center for Natural Product Research (NCNPR); Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, UM; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Agriculture Research Service, Specific Cooperative [58-6408-2-009] FX We are grateful to Professor Larry Walker, Director, National Center for Natural Product Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, for his kind interest, continuous encouragement and generous support to the work. This study was partially supported by the National Center for Natural Product Research and the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, UM. This work was also supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service, Specific Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6408-2-009. 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Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 159 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.10.001 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA AH9NZ UT WOS:000336470400007 PM 24126235 ER PT J AU Sandin, S Nygren, KG Iliadou, A Hultman, CM Reichenberg, A AF Sandin, Sven Nygren, Karl-Goesta Iliadou, Anastasia Hultman, Christina M. Reichenberg, Abraham TI Autism and Mental Retardation Among Offspring Born After In Vitro Fertilization EDITORIAL COMMENT SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Between 1978 and 2012, approximate to 5 million infants worldwide were born after in vitro fertilization (IVF). In vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is generally safe but can increase the risk for perinatal complications. This prospective cohort study was designed to determine whether the use of any IVF procedure is associated with an increased risk of autistic disorder and mental retardation in the offspring. A cohort of all live births in Sweden (1982-2007) was established using data from national registers. Six procedures were considered: IVF without ICSI with fresh or frozen embryo transfer; ICSI using ejaculated sperm with fresh or frozen embryos; and ICSI with surgically extracted sperm and fresh or frozen embryos. When children are aged 4 years, a complete developmental assessment is mandated in Sweden. In this study, the focus was on mental retardation and a narrow diagnosis of infantile/childhood autism. The associations between any IVF procedure and autistic disorder and mental retardation were compared with spontaneous conception. Each child was followed up from age 1.5 years to death, emigration from Sweden, onset of disease, age 28 years, or December 31, 2009. All statistical tests were performed on the 2-sided 5% level of significance. Relative risks (RRs) were determined with absolute rates per 100,000 person-years adjusted for birth year, sex, and age. Of 2,541,125 children alive at 1.5 years old and with complete data, 30,959 (1.2%) were born following an IVF procedure. Of these, autistic disorder was diagnosed in 103 of 6959 children (1.5%) and mental retardation in 180 of 15,830 children (1.1%). Mean follow-up time was 10 6 years (median, 14 years; range, 0.1-26.5 years). Rates for autistic disorder and mental retardation were 20.2/100,000 and 46.1/100,000 person-years, respectively, among spontaneously conceived children. The highest rates of autistic disorder (215.0) and mental retardation (161.2) were in children born preterm or from multiple gestations. Compared with offspring born after spontaneous conception, those born after any IVF procedure had a statistically significantly increased risk of mental retardation (RR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.36; 46.3 vs 39.8/100,000 person-years). However, when this was examined stratified in preterm (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.69-1.11) or term (AOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84-1.22) gestations, there was no statistically significant association. Furthermore, when examined just among singleton gestations, there was no association between IVF and mental retardation (AOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.83-1.24). The association between an autistic disorder and IVF was not statistically significant (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.94-1.39). Again, when this was examined stratified in preterm (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.78-1.54) or term (AOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79-1.28) gestations, there was no statistically significant association. Furthermore, when examined just among singleton gestations, there was no association between IVF and autism (AOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.68-1.17). No major differences were noted in risks of autistic disorder and mental retardation by age, and estimated RRs were similar in both sexes. Although data in this study did not show an association between any IVF procedure and autistic disorder, a small, statistically significant increase in the risk for mental retardation was apparent. However, when examined by term and preterm birth or by singleton or multiple gestation, these associations disappeared. Any effect on mental retardation from IVF seems to be caused by preterm birth, multiple gestations, or both. C1 [Sandin, Sven] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychosis Studies, London WC2R 2LS, England. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Solna, Sweden. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. RP Sandin, S (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychosis Studies, London WC2R 2LS, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 EI 1533-9866 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000442811.04366.d5 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AH6RM UT WOS:000336258400001 ER PT J AU Gregory, SG Anthopolos, R Osgood, CE Grotegut, CA Miranda, ML AF Gregory, Simon G. Anthopolos, Rebecca Osgood, Claire E. Grotegut, Chad A. Miranda, Marie Lynn TI Association of Autism With Induced or Augmented Childbirth in North Carolina Birth Record (1990-1998) and Education Research (1997-2007) Databases EDITORIAL COMMENT SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Autism spectrum disorders encompass well-known behavioral and cognitive disturbances. Heritable and environmental factors may influence normal development or alter regulatory processes, with environmental factors perhaps exerting their effect during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. This study focused on the association between autism and labor induction or augmentation or both using a population-based data set of linked child educational and birth records from North Carolina to investigate whether birth induction/augmentation is associated with increased odds of being diagnosed with autism. Demographic and obstetric data were obtained from all recorded live births occurring in North Carolina. Information on autism diagnosis was extracted from statewide educational records. Birth records from 1990 to 1998 were linked with educational data from the 1997 to 1998 to 2007 to 2008 academic years for the entire state (match rate, 74.4%). An individual met special needs eligibility criteria by having deficits in 3 of the 4 areas: communication, social reciprocity, behavior, or sensory. During delivery, a mother was either not induced or augmented (reference), induced only, or augmented only, or both induced and augmented. The association between induction/augmentation was examined in a range of models with such specifications as (1) only induction/augmentation and infant sex; (2) adding standard maternal-level characteristics; (3) adding maternal medical conditions and health behaviors affecting the pregnancy; (4) expanding model 3 to control for events of labor and delivery; (5) adding to 4 an ordinal variable for child birth year; and (6) adding an interaction between infant sex and induction/augmentation. About 1.3% and 0.4% of male and female children had autism, respectively. For both sexes, the percentage of induced or augmented mothers was higher among children with autism compared with noncases. In model 1, a child whose mother was induced and augmented during delivery had 23% higher odds of being diagnosed as having autism than a child whose mother was neither induced nor augmented (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.47). The ORs for the induced-only and augmented-only categories were 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01-1.19) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.07-1.24), respectively. Compared with girls, boys had increased odds of autism diagnosis (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.86-3.24). In models 2 to 4, including potential confounders related to socioeconomic status, maternal health, and pregnancy-related events/conditions did not significantly change the ORs for induction/augmentation from those in model 1. In model 5, a child whose mother was both induced and augmented at delivery had 27% higher odds of being diagnosed as having autism (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.52). The ORs for the induced-only and augmented-only categories indicated a 13% to 16% increase in the odds of autism, respectively. Fetal distress and meconium were associated with autism with ORs of 1.25 and 1.22, respectively (95% CIs, 1.15-1.36 and 1.11-1.34, respectively). Children born to mothers who were either induced, augmented, or both had increased odds of having autism. Further research should target the agents used during induction/augmentation and acute medical and obstetric events during labor. The results do not suggest altering the standards of care for induction or augmentation but do indicate that additional research is warranted. C1 [Gregory, Simon G.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Inst Mol Physiol, Durham, NC USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Childrens Environm Hlth Initiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Duke Univ, Childrens Environm Hlth Initiat, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Gregory, SG (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. CR 2006, PRENAT DIAGN, V26, P667 2012, BMJ, V344, pE2768 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 EI 1533-9866 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000442814.50107.fa PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AH6RM UT WOS:000336258400004 ER PT J AU Hermetz, KE Newman, S Conneely, KN Martin, CL Ballif, BC Shaffer, LG Cody, JD Rudd, MK AF Hermetz, Karen E. Newman, Scott Conneely, Karen N. Martin, Christa L. Ballif, Blake C. Shaffer, Lisa G. Cody, Jannine D. Rudd, M. Katharine TI Large Inverted Duplications in the Human Genome Form via a Fold-Back Mechanism SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CLEAVAGE-STAGE EMBRYOS; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; FUSION-BRIDGE CYCLES; GENE AMPLIFICATION; DNA-REPLICATION; NONRECURRENT REARRANGEMENTS; SUBTELOMERIC REARRANGEMENTS; CHROMOSOME INSTABILITY; COMPLEX REARRANGEMENTS; TERMINAL DELETIONS AB Inverted duplications are a common type of copy number variation (CNV) in germline and somatic genomes. Large duplications that include many genes can lead to both neurodevelopmental phenotypes in children and gene amplifications in tumors. There are several models for inverted duplication formation, most of which include a dicentric chromosome intermediate followed by breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles, but the mechanisms that give rise to the inverted dicentric chromosome in most inverted duplications remain unknown. Here we have combined high-resolution array CGH, custom sequence capture, next-generation sequencing, and long-range PCR to analyze the breakpoints of 50 nonrecurrent inverted duplications in patients with intellectual disability, autism, and congenital anomalies. For half of the rearrangements in our study, we sequenced at least one breakpoint junction. Sequence analysis of breakpoint junctions reveals a normal-copy disomic spacer between inverted and non-inverted copies of the duplication. Further, short inverted sequences are present at the boundary of the disomic spacer and the inverted duplication. These data support a mechanism of inverted duplication formation whereby a chromosome with a double-strand break intrastrand pairs with itself to form a "fold-back'' intermediate that, after DNA replication, produces a dicentric inverted chromosome with a disomic spacer corresponding to the site of the fold-back loop. This process can lead to inverted duplications adjacent to terminal deletions, inverted duplications juxtaposed to translocations, and inverted duplication ring chromosomes. C1 [Hermetz, Karen E.; Newman, Scott; Conneely, Karen N.; Martin, Christa L.; Rudd, M. Katharine] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Conneely, Karen N.] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ballif, Blake C.; Shaffer, Lisa G.] PerkinElmer Inc, Signature Genom Labs, Spokane, WA USA. [Cody, Jannine D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Cody, Jannine D.] Chromosome 18 Registry & Res Soc, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hermetz, KE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM katie.rudd@emory.edu FU NIH [MH092902] FX This study was supported by a grant from the NIH (MH092902 to MKR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD JAN PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 AR e1004139 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004139 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AI0GU UT WOS:000336525000072 PM 24497845 ER PT J AU Barnard-Brak, L Thompson, S Wei, TL Richman, D AF Barnard-Brak, Lucy Thompson, Samuel Wei, Tianlan Richman, David TI Assistive Technology as a Predictor of General or Alternate Assessment Among Elementary-aged Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment and recommendation practices; assistive technology; education ID DISABILITIES; IMPACT AB The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 specifically mandates that all students participate in the general assessment process or some form of alternate assessment as a measure of school accountability for student academic progress. Although levels of communication difficulties, intellectual impairment, and specific diagnoses such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are correlated with increased probability of participating in alternate assessment methods, very little empirical research has focused on identifying predictors for students' assessment modality. Archival data from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SEELS; 2005) were used to examine variables that predict whether elementary school students with ASD participated in the general or alternate assessment. Results indicated that receptive and expressive communication abilities appear to influence participation in the general vs. alternate assessment in tandem with access to assistive technology. Students with ASDs were approximately 2.71 times more likely to participate in the general assessment when they had access to assistive technology. Next, we performed a second, follow-up analysis for only ASD students with communication problems. 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Parker, Lou Rushton, Martin TI Noise Producing Toys and the Efficacy of Product Standard Criteria to Protect Health and Education Outcomes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE noise; toy safety; autism; ISO standards; consumer products ID CHILDREN; CLASSROOM; LEVEL; RISK AB An evaluation of 28 commercially available toys imported into New Zealand revealed that 21% of these toys do not meet the acoustic criteria in the ISO standard, ISO 8124-1:2009 Safety of Toys, adopted by Australia and New Zealand as AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2010. While overall the 2010 standard provided a greater level of protection than the earlier 2002 standard, there was one high risk toy category where the 2002 standard provided greater protection. A secondary set of toys from the personal collections of children known to display atypical methods of play with toys, such as those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), was part of the evaluation. Only one of these toys cleanly passed the 2010 standard, with the remainder failing or showing a marginal-pass. As there is no tolerance level stated in the standards to account for interpretation of data and experimental error, a value of +2 dB was used. The findings of the study indicate that the current standard is inadequate in providing protection against excessive noise exposure. Amendments to the criteria have been recommended that apply to the recently adopted 2013 standard. These include the integration of the new approaches published in the recently amended European standard (EN 71) on safety of toys. C1 [McLaren, Stuart J.; Page, Wyatt H.] Massey Univ, Coll Hlth, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Parker, Lou; Rushton, Martin] Minist Business Innovat & Employment, Measurement & Prod Safety Serv, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. RP McLaren, SJ (reprint author), Massey Univ, Coll Hlth, POB 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. EM s.j.mclaren@massey.ac.nz; w.h.page@massey.ac.nz; lou.parker@mbie.govt.nz; martin.rushton@mbie.govt.nz FU MBIE FX The authors would like to thank MBIE (formerly the Ministry of Consumer Affairs) for the sponsorship and support of this project. 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J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JAN PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 47 EP 66 DI 10.3390/ijerph110100047 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB0BI UT WOS:000331456400004 PM 24452254 ER PT J AU Grigore, AA Rusu, AS AF Grigore, Andreea A. Rusu, Alina S. TI Interaction with a Therapy Dog Enhances the Effects of Social Story Method in Autistic Children SO SOCIETY & ANIMALS LA English DT Article DE ASD children; human-animal interaction; Social Story method; animal-assisted activity ID DEFICITS; SKILLS AB This study explored the effects of a combination between two methods that have proved to enhance the social abilities of autistic children Social Story and Animal Assisted Therapy. The main hypothesis of this investigation was that a naturally enriched social environment (i.e., the presence of a therapy dog) improves the effectiveness of Social Story method. Two social skills were targeted: (1) the ability to greet a social partner and (2) the ability to introduce oneself to a social partner, by using a standard single-subject research design. Three preschool autistic children were included in the study. The dependent variables were the frequency of the appropriate social interactions relevant to the target social skill, the level of prompt needed to provide the expected social response, and the frequency of social initiations. The presence of the therapy dog while reading the social story increased the frequency of social initiations and decreased the level of social prompt needed to elicit social responses from children with autism. C1 [Grigore, Andreea A.] Autism Transilvania Assoc, Res Dept, Gheorghe Marinescu, Romania. [Rusu, Alina S.] Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Special Educ, Fac Psychol & Sci Educ, R-3400 Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Grigore, AA (reprint author), Autism Transilvania Assoc, Res Dept, Gheorghe Marinescu, Romania. EM alina.rusu@ubbcluj.ro FU CNCS-UEFISCDI [PN-II-RU-TE-2011-3-0080] FX The participation of Alina Simona Rusu in this research was supported by CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2011-3-0080. The authors would like to thank the Autism Transilvania Association (Cluj-Napoca, Romania) for facilitating the participation of the three autistic children in this investigation. CR Autism Transilvania Association, 2011, DESCR DAIL CTR AUT T Barol J. M., 2006, EFFECTS ANIMAL ASSIS Barry L. M., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P45, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190010601 Carenzi C., 2008, EFFECTS ANIMAL ASSIS Chandler K. 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PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 241 EP 261 DI 10.1163/15685306-12341326 PG 21 WC Sociology; Veterinary Sciences SC Sociology; Veterinary Sciences GA AH2FV UT WOS:000335937800002 ER PT J AU Smirnova, L Hogberg, HT Leist, M Hartung, T AF Smirnova, Lena Hogberg, Helena T. Leist, Marcel Hartung, Thomas TI Developmental Neurotoxicity - Challenges in the 21st Century and In Vitro Opportunities SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE environmental exposure; developmental neurotoxicity; species extrapolation; predictivity ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL END-POINTS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EXPERT WORKING GROUP; RETROSPECTIVE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; METHYLMERCURY-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS; DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS; TEST GUIDELINE 426 AB In recent years neurodevelopmental problems in children have increased at a rate that suggests lifestyle factors and chemical exposures as likely contributors. When environmental chemicals contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) becomes an enormous concern. But how can it be tackled? Current animal test-based guidelines are prohibitively expensive, at $1.4 million per substance, while their predictivity for human health effects may be limited, and mechanistic data that would help species extrapolation are not available. A broader screening for substances of concern requires a reliable testing strategy, applicable to larger numbers of substances, and sufficiently predictive to warrant further testing. This review discusses the evidence for possible contributions of environmental chemicals to DNT, limitations of the current test paradigm, emerging concepts and technologies pertinent to in vitro DNT testing and assay evaluation, as well as the prospect of a paradigm shift based on 21st century technologies. C1 [Smirnova, Lena; Hogberg, Helena T.; Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Leist, Marcel; Hartung, Thomas] Univ Konstanz, Constance, Germany. RP Hartung, T (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM thartung@jhsph.edu RI Leist, Marcel/D-2133-2010 OI Leist, Marcel/0000-0002-3778-8693 FU Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; FP7 EU program ESNATS; NIH Transformative Research Grant "Mapping the Human Toxome by Systems Toxicology" [R01ES020750]; FDA [U01FD004230] FX We are grateful to many colleagues for insightful discussions and comments. This work was supported by grants from the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation (M. L. and T. H.), the FP7 EU program ESNATS (M. L.), the NIH Transformative Research Grant "Mapping the Human Toxome by Systems Toxicology" (R01ES020750, T. 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Anim. Exp. PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 129 EP 156 PG 28 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA AG1WQ UT WOS:000335207300003 PM 24687333 ER PT J AU Rasool, M Malik, A Qureshi, MS Manan, A Pushparaj, PN Asif, M Qazi, MH Qazi, AM Kamal, MA Gan, SH Sheikh, IA AF Rasool, Mahmood Malik, Arif Qureshi, Muhammad Saeed Manan, Abdul Pushparaj, Peter Natesan Asif, Muhammad Qazi, Mahmood Husain Qazi, Aamer Mahmood Kamal, Mohammad Amjad Gan, Siew Hua Sheikh, Ishfaq Ahmed TI Recent Updates in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders Using Natural Compounds SO EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; PLANT-EXTRACTS; AUTISM; ANTICHOLINESTERASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ACTIVATION; INFLAMMATION AB Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by protein aggregates and inflammation as well as oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple biological processes are linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as depletion or insufficient synthesis of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, abnormal ubiquitination. Furthermore, damaging of blood brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS also leads to various CNS-related diseases. Even though synthetic drugs are used for the management of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, and many other chronic illnesses, they are not without side effects. The attentions of researchers have been inclined towards the phytochemicals, many of which have minimal side effects. Phytochemicals are promising therapeutic agents because many phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative as well as anticholinesterase activities. Various drugs of either synthetic or natural origin applied in the treatment of brain disorders need to cross the BBB before they can be used. This paper covers various researches related to phytochemicals used in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. C1 [Rasool, Mahmood; Pushparaj, Peter Natesan] King Abdulaziz Univ, CEGMR, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Malik, Arif; Manan, Abdul] Univ Lahore, IMBB, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. [Qureshi, Muhammad Saeed] Allama Iqbal Med Coll, Dept Biochem, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. [Asif, Muhammad] BUITEMS, Dept Biotechnol & Informat, Quetta, Pakistan. [Qazi, Mahmood Husain] Univ Lahore, CRiMM, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. [Qazi, Aamer Mahmood] MaRS Ctr, Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Sheikh, Ishfaq Ahmed] King Abdulaziz Univ, KFMRC, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Gan, Siew Hua] Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Human Genome, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. RP Sheikh, IA (reprint author), King Abdulaziz Univ, KFMRC, POB 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. 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Med. PY 2014 AR 979730 DI 10.1155/2014/979730 PG 7 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA AG3JY UT WOS:000335313400001 ER PT J AU Stoicescu, RM Mihai, CM Arghir, O Cambrea, C Halichidis, S Lilios, G AF Stoicescu, R. M. Mihai, C. M. Arghir, O. Cambrea, C. Halichidis, S. Lilios, G. TI SOIL INGESTION AMONG CHILDREN FROM THE CONSTANTA COUNTY DURING 2002-2012 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE helminths; geophagia; gastroenteritis ID IMPACT; HEALTH; AREA; OVA AB Children could be at risk if they eat soil because it is contaminated with bacteria, nematodes or chemical compounds. Eating soil, sand or mud is not always dangerous, but in some situations could reflect associated disorders such as anemia, rickets, malnutrition, autism, developmental delay or can determine several diseases. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the history of eating soil, sand, mud and the clinical symptoms and laboratory data in such children. We investigated the database of our Pediatric Department retrospectively, searching for children with history of eating soil, during 2002 to 2012. Out of total number of patients admitted in our department (73 592) during 10 years, 2976 came with a history of eating soil. From these, 851 patients were diagnosed with several diseases: 125 were infected with Toxocara canis, 89 with Ascaris lumbricoides, 255 were diagnosed with geophagia (pica), 3 with hemolytic uremia syndrome and 379 with gastroenteritis. Children with geophagia were anemic in proportion of 69.01% (177 cases), 38 were diagnosed with malnutrition, 25 with combined deficiencies (iron-deficiency anemia, rickets and malnutrition), 15 with developmental delay. 2134 children were from the countryside, 842 from Constanta and several small towns of the Constanta county. Mean hospital stay was 5.9 days. None was diagnosed with chemical poisoning secondary to soil ingestion because until recently the tracer methodology was not used. Epidemiological studies are necessary using a valid soil tracer methodology. C1 [Stoicescu, R. M.; Lilios, G.] Ovidius Univ Constanta, Fac Pharm, Constanta, Romania. [Mihai, C. M.; Arghir, O.; Cambrea, C.; Halichidis, S.] Ovidius Univ Constanta, Fac Med, Constanta, Romania. RP Mihai, CM (reprint author), Ovidius Univ Constanta, Fac Med, 1 Al Univ, Constanta, Romania. EM stoicescu.ramona@gmail.com CR BAUMGARDNER D. J., 2008, CONTROL COMMUNICABLE BLINDER B. J., 2008, PSYCH TIMES, V25 Capatina C, 2008, J ENVIRON PROT ECOL, V9, P284 Chorazy ML, 2005, VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT, V5, P33, DOI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.33 GILLESPIE SH, 1991, PUBLIC HEALTH, V105, P335, DOI 10.1016/S0033-3506(05)80219-7 Heymann D. L, 2008, CONTROL COMMUNICABLE MADIGAN M. T., 2003, BROCK BIOL MICROORGA, P633 MAIER R. 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TI Characterization of biometal profiles in neurological disorders SO METALLOMICS LA English DT Review ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE BRAIN; PICK C1 PROTEIN; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PRION PROTEIN; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB Many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported to coincide with the dysregulation of metal ions in the body and central nervous system. However, in most cases, it is not the imbalance of a single divalent metal ion but a plethora of metal ions reported to be altered. Given that different divalent metal ions are often able to bind to a protein in a competitive manner, although with different affinities, and that they might use similar transporters for uptake and regulation, it is likely that the imbalance of one metal ion will downstream affect the homeostasis of other metal ions. Thus, based on this assumption, we hypothesize that the dysregulation of a specific metal ion will lead to a characteristic biometal profile. Similar profiles might therefore be detected in various neurological disorders. Moreover, if such shared biometal profiles exist across different neurological disorders, it is possible that shared behavioural impairments in these disorders result from the imbalance in metal ion homeostasis. Thus, here, we evaluate the reported excess or deficiency of metal ions in various neurological disorders and aim to integrate reported alterations in metal ions to generate a characteristic biometal profile for the disorder. Based on this, we try to predict which alterations in biometals will be caused by the overload or deficiency of one particular metal ion. Moreover, investigating the behavioural phenotypes of rodent models suffering from alterations in biometals, we assess whether a shared behavioural phenotype exists for disorders with similar biometal profiles. Our results show that observed behavioural aspects of some neurological disorders are reflected in their specific biometal profile and mirrored by mouse models suffering from similar biometal deregulations. C1 [Pfaender, Stefanie; Grabrucker, Andreas M.] Univ Ulm, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Grabrucker, Andreas M.] Univ Ulm, Dept Neurol, WG Mol Anal Synaptopathies, Neuroctr, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. RP Grabrucker, AM (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM andreas.grabrucker@uni-ulm.de FU Baustein 3.2 [L.SBN.0083]; Alzheimer's Association [NIRG-12-235441] FX AMG is supported by Baustein 3.2 (L.SBN.0083) and the Alzheimer's Association (NIRG-12-235441). SP is a member of the International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine at Ulm University. We thank Stefanie Grabrucker for her help in preparing the manuscript. 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ENGLAND SN 1756-5901 EI 1756-591X J9 METALLOMICS JI Metallomics PY 2014 VL 6 IS 5 BP 960 EP 977 DI 10.1039/c4mt00008k PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AG1BF UT WOS:000335149200001 PM 24643462 ER PT J AU Malhi, P Singhi, P AF Malhi, Prahbhjot Singhi, Pratibha TI A retrospective study of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: Clinical and developmental profile SO ANNALS OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; development; India; toddlers ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; INFANTS; DIAGNOSIS; RISK; LIFE; AGE AB Objective: To retrospectively examine the developmental and clinical characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the first 2 years of life in order to narrow the interval between parental concern and getting a reliable diagnosis of autism. Materials and Methods: The case records of 21 children in whom a diagnosis of ASD was made in the first 2 years of life and confirmed 6 months to 1 year later were examined. The inclusion criterion was absence of neurological, metabolic, or genetic disorders and sensory or motor impairments. These case records were maintained in the Pediatric Psychology Clinic at the Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. Results: The average age at presentation to the clinic was 21.23 months (SD = 2.18). The clinical characteristics that were found in two-thirds or more children included lack of speech, inability to follow verbal commands, lack of pretend play, no index finger pointing, difficulty in playing with toys in a constructive manner, lack of joint attention, and motor stereotypies. The mean IQ was 66.62 (SD = 15.11) and the mean SQ as measured by the Vineland Social Maturity Scale was 80.43 (SD = 17.45). Conclusions: Given the validity of early diagnosis over time, clinicians should be encouraged not only to make an early diagnosis but also to initiate early interventions in children with ASD. C1 [Malhi, Prahbhjot; Singhi, Pratibha] Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh 160012, India. RP Malhi, P (reprint author), Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Sect 12, Chandigarh 160012, India. 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Indian Acad. Neurol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.4103/0972-2327.128537 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF6OZ UT WOS:000334835700006 PM 24753655 ER PT J AU Shetty, AN Chiang, S Maletic-Savatic, M Kasprian, G Vannucci, M Lee, W AF Shetty, Anil N. Chiang, Sharon Maletic-Savatic, Mirjana Kasprian, Gregor Vannucci, Marina Lee, Wesley TI Spatial Mapping of Translational Diffusion Coefficients Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Mathematical Description SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE PART A LA English DT Article DE diffusion; diffusion anisotropy; diffusion tensor; tractography ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MULTIPLE FIBER ORIENTATIONS; GRADIENT ENCODING-SCHEMES; WHITE-MATTER; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WEIGHTED MRI; ANISOTROPY INDEXES; SCLEROSIS PATIENTS; WATER DIFFUSION; 2-TENSOR MODEL AB In this article, we discuss the theoretical background for diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Molecular diffusion is a random process involving thermal Brownian motion. In biological tissues, the underlying microstructures restrict the diffusion of water molecules, making diffusion directionally dependent. Water diffusion in tissue is mathematically characterized by the diffusion tensor, the elements of which contain information about the magnitude and direction of diffusion and is a function of the coordinate system. Thus, it is possible to generate contrast in tissue based primarily on diffusion effects. Expressing diffusion in terms of the measured diffusion coefficient (eigenvalue) in any one direction can lead to errors. Nowhere is this more evident than in white matter, due to the preferential orientation of myelin fibers. The directional dependency is removed by diagonalization of the diffusion tensor, which then yields a set of three eigenvalues and eigenvectors, representing the magnitude and direction of the three orthogonal axes of the diffusion ellipsoid, respectively. For example, the eigenvalue corresponding to the eigenvector along the long axis of the fiber corresponds qualitatively to diffusion with least restriction. Determination of the principal values of the diffusion tensor and various anisotropic indices provides structural information. We review the use of diffusion measurements using the modified Stejskal-Tanner diffusion equation. The anisotropy is analyzed by decomposing the diffusion tensor based on symmetrical properties describing the geometry of diffusion tensor. We further describe diffusion tensor properties in visualizing fiber tract organization of the human brain. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 43A: 1-27, 2014. C1 [Shetty, Anil N.; Kasprian, Gregor; Lee, Wesley] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Texas Childrens Pavil Women, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chiang, Sharon; Vannucci, Marina] Rice Univ, Dept Stat, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Maletic-Savatic, Mirjana] Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Program Dev Biol, Jan & Dan Duncan Neurol Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Maletic-Savatic, Mirjana] Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosci, Program Dev Biol, Jan & Dan Duncan Neurol Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shetty, AN (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Texas Childrens Pavil Women, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ashetty@bcm.edu FU Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children's Hospital; McKnight Endowment for Science, Virginia; L.E. Simmons Foundation; Nancy Chang Award for Research Excellence FX The funding for this work was supported in part by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital (AS, WL, and GK); and McKnight Endowment for Science, Virginia and L.E. Simmons Foundation, and Nancy Chang Award for Research Excellence (M.M-S.). 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Part A PD JAN PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1002/cmr.a.21288 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA AE9EH UT WOS:000334307000001 ER PT J AU Savarese, RJ Zunshine, L AF Savarese, Ralph James Zunshine, Lisa TI The Critic as Neurocosmopolite; Or, What Cognitive Approaches to Literature Can Learn from Disability Studies: Lisa Zunshine in Conversation with Ralph James Savarese SO NARRATIVE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; THINKING C1 [Savarese, Ralph James] Duke Univ, Inst Brain Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Savarese, Ralph James] Grinnell Coll, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Zunshine, Lisa] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Savarese, RJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Inst Brain Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. 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EM inovak@cerebralpalsy.org.au CR Bar-Haim S, 2010, CLIN REHABIL, V24, P1009, DOI 10.1177/0269215510371428 Blauw-Hospers CH, 2011, PHYS THER, V91, P1323, DOI 10.2522/ptj.20100205 Case-Smith J, 2013, AM J OCCUP THER, V67, P395, DOI 10.5014/ajot.2013.004713 Danino M, 2012, PSYCHOTHER RES, V22, P592, DOI 10.1080/10503307.2012.692953 Foster L, 2013, PHYS OCCUP THER PEDI, V33, P253, DOI 10.3109/01942638.2012.747581 Graham F, 2010, PHYS OCCUP THER PEDI, V30, P4, DOI 10.3109/01942630903337536 Graham F, 2013, AM J OCCUP THER, V67, P10, DOI 10.5014/ajot.2013.004648 Guyatt G, 2011, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V64, P383, DOI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 Keenan S, 2013, PHYS OCCUPATIONAL TH, P1 McCormick MC, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V117, P771, DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-1316 Nicholas DB, 2014, AUTISM Novak I, 2012, PHYS OCCUP THER PEDI, V32, P256, DOI 10.3109/01942638.2012.698148 Novak I, 2013, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V55, P885, DOI 10.1111/dmcn.12246 OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group, OXF LEV EV 2 Romski M, 2010, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V53, P350, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0156) Ruble LA, 2013, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V81, P566, DOI 10.1037/a0032003 Sackett D, 2000, EVIDENCE BASED MED P SEIFER R, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P1 Shin JY, 2009, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V53, P339, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01151.x Wacker DP, 2013, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V25, P35, DOI 10.1007/s10882-012-9314-0 Walker SP, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V127, P849, DOI 10.1542/peds.2010-2231 Wentz E, 2012, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V21, P611, DOI 10.1007/s00787-012-0297-2 Wikipedia, 2014, COACH NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0194-2638 EI 1541-3144 J9 PHYS OCCUP THER PEDI JI Phys. Occup. Ther. Pediatr. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.3109/01942638.2014.903060 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA AF7SW UT WOS:000334916000002 PM 24735373 ER PT J AU Fletcher-Watson, S McConnell, F Manola, E McConachie, H AF Fletcher-Watson, Sue McConnell, Fiona Manola, Eirini McConachie, Helen TI Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION INTERVENTION; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION INTERVENTION; IMPROVISATIONAL MUSIC-THERAPY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FALSE BELIEF; TEACHING THEORY AB Background The 'Theory of Mind' (ToM) model suggests that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a profound difficulty understanding the minds of other people - their emotions, feelings, beliefs, and thoughts. As an explanation for some of the characteristic social and communication behaviours of people with ASD, this model has had a significant influence on research and practice. It implies that successful interventions to teach ToM could, in turn, have far-reaching effects on behaviours and outcome. Objectives To review the efficacy of interventions based on the ToM model for individuals with ASD. Search methods In August 2013 we searched CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Social Services Abstracts, Autism-Data, and two trials registers. We also searched the reference lists of relevant papers, contacted authors who work in this field, and handsearched a number of journals. Selection criteria Review studies were selected on the basis that they reported on an applicable intervention (linked to ToM in one of four clearly-defined ways), presented new randomised controlled trial data, and participants had a confirmed diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder. Studies were selected by two review authors independently and a third author arbitrated when necessary. Data collection and analysis Risk of bias was evaluated and data were extracted by two review authors independently; a third author arbitrated when necessary. Most studies were not eligible for meta-analysis, the principal reason being mis-matching methodologies and outcome measures. Three small meta-analyses were carried out. Main results Twenty-two randomised trials were included in the review (N = 695). Studies were highly variable in their country of origin, sample size, participant age, intervention delivery type, and outcome measures. Risk of bias was variable across categories. There were very few studies for which there was adequate blinding of participants and personnel, and some were also judged at high risk of bias in blinding of outcome assessors. There was also evidence of some bias in sequence generation and allocation concealment. Not all studies reported data that fell within the pre-defined primary outcome categories for the review, instead many studies reported measures which were intervention-specific (e.g. emotion recognition). The wide range of measures used within each outcome category and the mixed results from these measures introduced further complexity when interpreting results. Studies were grouped into four main categories according to intervention target/primary outcome measure. These were: emotion recognition studies, joint attention and social communication studies, imitation studies, and studies teaching ToM itself. Within the first two of these categories, a sub-set of studies were deemed suitable for meta-analysis for a limited number of key outcomes. There was very low quality evidence of a positive effect on measures of communication based on individual results from three studies. There was low quality evidence from 11 studies reporting mixed results of interventions on measures of social interaction, very low quality evidence from four studies reporting mixed results on measures of general communication, and very low quality evidence from four studies reporting mixed results on measures of ToM ability. The meta-analysis results we were able to generate showed that interventions targeting emotion recognition across age groups and working with people within the average range of intellectual ability had a positive effect on the target skill, measured by a test using photographs of faces (mean increase of 0.75 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 1.29 points, Z = 2.75, P < 0.006, four studies, N = 105). Therapist-led joint attention interventions can promote production of more joint attention behaviours within adult-child interaction (mean increase of 0.55 points, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.99 points, Z = 2.45, P value = 0.01, two studies, N = 88). Further analysis undermines this conclusion somewhat by demonstrating that there was no clear evidence that intervention can have an effect on joint attention initiations as measured using a standardised assessment tool (mean increase of 0.23 points, 95% CI -0.48 to 0.94 points, Z = 0.63, P value = 0.53, three studies, N = 92). No adverse effects were apparent. Authors' conclusions While there is some evidence that ToM, or a precursor skill, can be taught to people with ASD, there is little evidence of maintenance of that skill, generalisation to other settings, or developmental effects on related skills. Furthermore, inconsistency in findings and measurement means that evidence has been graded of 'very low' or 'low' quality and we cannot be confident that suggestions of positive effects will be sustained as high-quality evidence accumulates. Further longitudinal designs and larger samples are needed to help elucidate both the efficacy of ToM-linked interventions and the explanatory value of the ToM model itself. It is possible that the continuing refinement of the ToM model will lead to better interventions which have a greater impact on development than those investigated to date. C1 [Fletcher-Watson, Sue; McConnell, Fiona] Univ Edinburgh, Moray House Sch Educ, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Manola, Eirini] Puzzle Sch Children Autism, Athens, Greece. [McConachie, Helen] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Fletcher-Watson, S (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Moray House Sch Educ, Holyrood Rd, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, Midlothian, Scotland. 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PY 2014 IS 3 AR CD008785 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD008785.pub2 PG 82 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AE0PG UT WOS:000333667600009 ER PT J AU Emerson, A Ponte, L Jerome, L Doblin, R AF Emerson, Amy Ponte, Linnae Jerome, Lisa Doblin, Rick TI History and Future of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE harm reduction; LSD; MDMA; psychotherapy; PTSD ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE-ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MDMA ECSTASY; HUMANS; PTSD; EFFICACY; SAFETY; RESISTANT AB This article describes the teenage vision of the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) that humanity's future would be aided by the therapeutic and spiritual potential of psychedelic substances. The article traces the trajectory of MAPS from inception in 1986 to its present, noting future goals with respect to research, outreach, and harm reduction. MAPS was created as a non-profit psychedelic pharmaceutical company in response to the 1985 scheduling of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Overcoming many hurdles, MAPS developed the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and plans for FDA prescription approval in 2021. MAPS' program of research expanded to include a trial of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety when facing life-threatening illness, observational studies of ibogaine in the treatment of addiction, and studies of MDMA for social anxiety in people with autism spectrum disorders. MAPS meets the challenges of drug development through a clinical research team led by a former Novartis drug development professional experienced in the conduct, monitoring, and analysis of clinical trials. MAPS' harm-reduction efforts are intended to avoid backlash and build a post-prohibition world by assisting non-medical users to transform difficult psychedelic experiences into opportunities for growth. C1 [Emerson, Amy; Ponte, Linnae; Jerome, Lisa; Doblin, Rick] Multidisciplinary Assoc Psychedel Studies, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Doblin, R (reprint author), 3 Francis St, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. EM rick@maps.org CR Adamson S., 1985, GATEWAY HEART ACCOUN Bedi G, 2010, J PSYCHOPHARMACOL, V24, P233, DOI 10.1177/0269881108097631 Bedi G, 2008, PSYCHOL MED, V38, P1319, DOI 10.1017/S0033291708002730 Bouso J. 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Psychoact. Drugs PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 46 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1080/02791072.2014.877321 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA AE5JN UT WOS:000334024500005 PM 24830183 ER PT J AU Theoharis, G Causton, J AF Theoharis, George Causton, Julie TI Leading Inclusive Reform for Students With Disabilities: A School- and Systemwide Approach SO THEORY INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB It is of great importance to maximize access to general education for all students with disabilities. This article focuses on how leaders create inclusive schools for all students-inclusive school reform. Inclusive school reform can result in all students with disabilities being placed into general education settings (including students with significant disabilities, students with mild disabilities, students with emotional disabilities, students with autism ... all students) and providing inclusive services to meet their needs while eliminating pullout or self-contained special education programs. In this article, we outline a 7-part process, as well as a set of tools for schools to use to create authentically inclusive schools. C1 [Theoharis, George] Syracuse Univ, Sch Educ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Theoharis, George] Syracuse Univ, Dept Teaching & Leadership, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Causton, Julie] Syracuse Univ, Sch Educ, Dept Teaching & Leadership, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Theoharis, G (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Sch Educ, Dept Teaching & Leadership, 153 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM gtheohar@syr.edu CR Capper C., 2000, M NEEDS STUDENTS ALL Capper C. A., 2008, M NEEDS STUDENTS ALL Cosier M., 2010, THESIS SYRACUSE U SY McLeskey J, 2002, PHI DELTA KAPPAN, V84, P65 Pearpoint J., 1993, PATH WORKBOOK PLANNI Peterson J. M., 2003, INCLUSIVE TEACHING C Riehl CJ, 2000, REV EDUC RES, V70, P55 Theoharis G., 2009, LEADERSHIP OUR CHILD NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0040-5841 EI 1543-0421 J9 THEOR PRACT JI Theory Pract. PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 SI SI BP 82 EP 97 DI 10.1080/00405841.2014.885808 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA AE7NX UT WOS:000334185900002 ER PT J AU Feczko, E Shulman, GL Petersen, SE Pruett, JR AF Feczko, Eric Shulman, Gordon L. Petersen, Steven E. Pruett, John R., Jr. TI Interactions between concentric form-from-structure and face perception revealed by visual masking but not adaptation SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE face perception; Glass patterns; visual adaptation; visual masking; moire perception; holistic processing ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX; GLASS PATTERNS; THATCHER ILLUSION; FUSIFORM GYRUS; GLOBAL FORM; MACAQUE; RECOGNITION; ORIENTATION; MECHANISMS AB Findings from diverse subfields of vision research suggest a potential link between high-level aspects of face perception and concentric form-from-structure perception. To explore this relationship, typical adults performed two adaptation experiments and two masking experiments to test whether concentric, but not nonconcentric, Glass patterns (a type of form-from-structure stimulus) utilize a processing mechanism shared by face perception. For the adaptation experiments, subjects were presented with an adaptor for 5 or 20 s, prior to discriminating a target. In the masking experiments, subjects saw a mask, then a target, and then a second mask. Measures of discriminability and bias were derived and repeated measures analysis of variance tested for pattern-specific masking and adaptation effects. Results from Experiment 1 show no Glass pattern-specific effect of adaptation to faces; results from Experiment 2 show concentric Glass pattern masking, but not adaptation, may impair upright/inverted face discrimination; results from Experiment 3 show concentric and radial Glass pattern masking impaired subsequent upright/inverted face discrimination more than translational Glass pattern masking; and results from Experiment 4 show concentric and radial Glass pattern masking impaired subsequent face gender discrimination more than translational Glass pattern masking. Taken together, these findings demonstrate interactions between concentric form-from-structure and face processing, suggesting a possible common processing pathway. C1 [Feczko, Eric; Pruett, John R., Jr.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Feczko, Eric] Emory Univ, Dept Dev & Cognit Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Shulman, Gordon L.; Petersen, Steven E.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Petersen, Steven E.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Petersen, Steven E.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Petersen, Steven E.] Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Petersen, Steven E.] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO USA. RP Feczko, E (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Dev & Cognit Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM efeczko@emory.edu FU McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience; [T32 EY013360]; [K12 EY016336] FX This work was supported by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience. Eric Feczko's effort was supported by T32 EY013360. John Pruett's effort was supported by K12 EY016336. We thank Sridhar Kandala for coordinating recruitment, scheduling, and assessments of the subjects. We would like to thank Gagan Wig and Maital Neta for contributing face stimulus sets. We would like to thank Bradley Schlaggar and Larry Snyder for providing advice on experimental design. We would like to thank Richard Mulligan and Sridhar Kandala for helping to proofread the manuscript. We would like to thank the Washington University School of Medicine Volunteers for Health for providing sources for recruitment. 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Vision PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 AR 15 DI 10.1167/14.2.15 PG 21 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA AE5YE UT WOS:000334064400015 ER PT J AU Muratori, F Narzisi, A AF Muratori, Filippo Narzisi, Antonio CA IDIA Grp TI Exploratory study describing 6 month outcomes for young children with autism who receive treatment as usual in Italy SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE autism; preschoolers; treatment as usual; early intervention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; EARLY INTERVENTION; TODDLERS; AGE; IDENTIFICATION; PRESCHOOLERS; ENGAGEMENT AB Background: In the last few years, the results of different studies have confirmed, in different ways, the importance of early intervention for autism. This study aims to evaluate the role of early "as usual" interventions in the outcome of toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: Seventy children with ASD aged between 24 and 48 months were recruited at different centers in Italy. They were evaluated by blind researchers at baseline and after 6 months of using Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior scales. Parents filled out the MacArthur Inventory, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Child Behavior Check List. All children were referred to community providers for available interventions. Results: At the endpoint, most of the children were still classified as having an ADOS-G classification of ASD. However, 21 (34.2%) passed from autism to autism spectrum, and 3 (4.2%) passed from autism spectrum to no spectrum. Treatment effects were obtained for cognitive functioning, language, adaptive behavior, and child behavior without differences between development-oriented and behavior-oriented interventions. Parent involvement was a mediator for the best clinical outcome. Baseline low impairments of communication, language comprehension, and gesture were predictors of positive outcome. Conclusion: Treatment as usual, composed of individual therapy plus school-supported inclusion, may be an effective intervention in ASD. Better initial levels of communication in child and parent involvement during treatment have an important role for a positive outcome. Keywords: autism, preschoolers, treatment as usual, early intervention C1 [Muratori, Filippo; Narzisi, Antonio] IRCCS Stella Maris Fdn, Dept Dev Neurosci, I-56018 Pisa, Italy. [Muratori, Filippo] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. RP Muratori, F (reprint author), IRCCS Stella Maris Fdn, Dept Dev Neurosci, Via Giacinti 2, I-56018 Pisa, Italy. EM filippo.muratori@fsm.unipi.it FU Italian Ministry of Health FX This study has been financially supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Strategic Program IDIA "Inquiry into Disruption of Intersubjective Equipment in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood"). 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Dis. Treat. PY 2014 VL 10 BP 577 EP 586 DI 10.2147/NDT.S58308 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AE4AN UT WOS:000333919800001 PM 24748794 ER PT J AU Samadi, SA McConkey, R AF Samadi, Sayyed Ali McConkey, Roy TI The utility of the Gilliam autism rating scale for identifying Iranian children with autism SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Gilliam autism rating scale; Iran; parents; screening ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ACCURACY AB Purpose: Screening and assessment tools for developmental disabilities such as autism may need to be adjusted to particular cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use in Iran of a rating scale for autism commonly used in western society. Method: A Persian translation of the GARS was completed by parents of 658 children: 442 who had been diagnosed with Autism; 112 intellectually disabled and 102 normally developing. The psychometric properties of the subscales were assessed and comparisons made across the three groups. Results: Factor analysis broadly confirmed the three subscales; each of which had high internal consistency. Individuals with autism were clearly distinguished from the other two groups and a cut-off score was identified that maximised the scale's sensitivity and specificity. Ten items were identified that best discriminated the three groups and these could form the basis for a shorter screening tool as they had good internal reliability and predictive validity. Conclusions: Iranian parents identified items relating to impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviours as more indicative of autism rather than those relating to communication and language. Attuning screening tools to cultural contexts is an important step towards a better understanding of autism internationally. 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Rehabil. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.3109/09638288.2013.797514 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AD9KQ UT WOS:000333584400002 PM 23738615 ER PT J AU Wainer, J Dautenhahn, K Robins, B Amirabdollahian, F AF Wainer, Joshua Dautenhahn, Kerstin Robins, Ben Amirabdollahian, Farshid TI A Pilot Study with a Novel Setup for Collaborative Play of the Humanoid Robot KASPAR with Children with Autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Autonomous humanoid robot; Collaborative play; Robot-assisted play; Children with autism; Dyadic interaction ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN AB This article describes a pilot study in which a novel experimental setup, involving an autonomous humanoid robot, KASPAR, participating in a collaborative, dyadic video game, was implemented and tested with children with autism, all of whom had impairments in playing socially and communicating with others. The children alternated between playing the collaborative video game with a neurotypical adult and playing the same game with the humanoid robot, being exposed to each condition twice. The equipment and experimental setup were designed to observe whether the children would engage in more collaborative behaviours while playing the video game and interacting with the adult than performing the same activities with the humanoid robot. The article describes the development of the experimental setup and its first evaluation in a small-scale exploratory pilot study. The purpose of the study was to gain experience with the operational limits of the robot as well as the dyadic video game, to determine what changes should be made to the systems, and to gain experience with analyzing the data from this study in order to conduct a more extensive evaluation in the future. Based on our observations of the childrens' experiences in playing the cooperative game, we determined that while the children enjoyed both playing the game and interacting with the robot, the game should be made simpler to play as well as more explicitly collaborative in its mechanics. Also, the robot should be more explicit in its speech as well as more structured in its interactions. Results show that the children found the activity to be more entertaining, appeared more engaged in playing, and displayed better collaborative behaviours with their partners (For the purposes of this article, 'partner' refers to the human/robotic agent which interacts with the children with autism. We are not using the term's other meanings that refer to specific relationships or emotional involvement between two individuals.) in the second sessions of playing with human adults than during their first sessions. One way of explaining these findings is that the children's intermediary play session with the humanoid robot impacted their subsequent play session with the human adult. However, another longer and more thorough study would have to be conducted in order to better re-interpret these findings. Furthermore, although the children with autism were more interested in and entertained by the robotic partner, the children showed more examples of collaborative play and cooperation while playing with the human adult. C1 [Wainer, Joshua; Dautenhahn, Kerstin; Robins, Ben; Amirabdollahian, Farshid] Univ Hertfordshire, Adapt Syst Res Grp, Sch Comp Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Wainer, J (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Adapt Syst Res Grp, Sch Comp Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. 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J. Soc. Robot. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 45 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s12369-013-0195-x PG 21 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA AE1VZ UT WOS:000333760700005 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Management of Autism in the Adult Intensive Care Unit SO JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Autism comprises a growing segment of the population and can be a management challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU). We present the case of a 22-year-old male with severe autism and intellectual disorder who developed respiratory failure and required a prolonged ICU course. This patient exhibited severe distress, aggression, and self-injurious behavior. Management challenges included sedation, weaning from sedation, and liberation from mechanical ventilation. Success was achieved with a multispecialty team and by tailoring the environment and interactions to the patient's known preferences. The use of dexmedetomidine to wean high-dose benzodiazepines and opiates also permitted successful liberation from mechanical ventilation. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0885-0666 EI 1525-1489 J9 J INTENSIVE CARE MED JI J. Intensive Care Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1177/0885066612470236 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 282UB UT WOS:000329198000007 ER PT J AU Takei, D Namiki, S Taikou, I Asanuma, D Isa, M Sugao, K Takeshima, M Iwayama, Y Yamada, K Yoshikawa, T Takeshima, H Hirose, K AF Takei, Daisuke Namiki, Shigeyuki Taikou, Isamu Asanuma, Daisuke Isa, Masayuki Sugao, Kohtaroh Takeshima, Miyuki Iwayama, Yoshimi Yamada, Kazuo Yoshikawa, Takeo Takeshima, Hiroshi Hirose, Kenzo TI Identification of genes associated with autism through cell-based screening SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 87th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharmacological-Society CY MAR 19-21, 2014 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacol Soc C1 [Takei, Daisuke; Namiki, Shigeyuki; Taikou, Isamu; Asanuma, Daisuke; Isa, Masayuki; Sugao, Kohtaroh; Hirose, Kenzo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Takeshima, Miyuki; Takeshima, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceu Sci, Dept Biol Chem, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Iwayama, Yoshimi; Yamada, Kazuo; Yoshikawa, Takeo] RIKEN BSI, Lab Mol Psychiat, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 EI 1347-8648 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2014 VL 124 SU 1 BP 128P EP 128P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AD8DZ UT WOS:000333498000423 ER PT J AU Kawada, K Iekumo, T Saito, R Kaneko, M Nomura, Y Okuma, Y AF Kawada, Koichi Iekumo, Takaaki Saito, Ryo Kaneko, Masayuki Nomura, Yasuyuki Okuma, Yasunobu TI Involvement of endplasmic reticulum stress in autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 87th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharmacological-Society CY MAR 19-21, 2014 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacol Soc C1 [Kawada, Koichi; Iekumo, Takaaki; Saito, Ryo; Okuma, Yasunobu] Chiba Inst Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Choshi, Chiba 2880025, Japan. [Kaneko, Masayuki] Gifu Pharmaceut Univ, Lab Med Therap & Mol Therap, Gifu 5028585, Japan. [Nomura, Yasuyuki] Kurume Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Kurume, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 EI 1347-8648 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2014 VL 124 SU 1 BP 182P EP 182P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AD8DZ UT WOS:000333498000634 ER PT J AU Hong, LJ Zhang, RT Tian, Y Mao, PJ Wang, R Long, S Han, F AF Hong, Ling-juan Zhang, Rui-Ting Tian, Yun Mao, Pei-Jiang Wang, Rui Long, Sen Han, Feng TI Melatonin treatment attenuated the aberrancies in hippocampal serine/threonine kinases signaling in autism animal model SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 87th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharmacological-Society CY MAR 19-21, 2014 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacol Soc C1 [Hong, Ling-juan; Zhang, Rui-Ting; Tian, Yun; Mao, Pei-Jiang; Wang, Rui; Long, Sen; Han, Feng] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Pharmacol Toxicol & Biochem Pharmaceut, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Mao, Pei-Jiang] Zhejiang Res Inst Tradit Chinese Med, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. [Long, Sen] Hangzhou 7 Peoples Hosp, Dept Pharm, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 EI 1347-8648 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2014 VL 124 SU 1 BP 213P EP 213P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AD8DZ UT WOS:000333498000758 ER PT J AU Nguyen, M Roth, A Kyzar, EJ Poudel, MK Wong, K Stewart, AM Kalueff, AV AF Nguyen, Michael Roth, Andrew Kyzar, Evan J. Poudel, Manoj K. Wong, Keith Stewart, Adam Michael Kalueff, Allan V. TI Decoding the contribution of dopaminergic genes and pathways to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Autism; Dopaminergic system; Molecular pathways; Translational research; Genetics ID METHYLTRANSFERASE VAL158MET POLYMORPHISM; HISTAMINE H-3 RECEPTORS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DENDRITIC SPINE; EXPRESSION ANALYSES; MONOAMINE OXIDASES; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a debilitating brain illness causing social deficits, delayed development and repetitive behaviors. ASD is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with poorly understood and complex etiology. The central dopaminergic system is strongly implicated in ASD pathogenesis. Genes encoding various elements of this system (including dopamine receptors, the dopamine transporter or enzymes of synthesis and catabolism) have been linked to ASD. Here, we comprehensively evaluate known molecular interactors of dopaminergic genes, and identify their potential molecular partners within up/down-steam signaling pathways associated with dopamine. These in silico analyses allowed us to construct a map of molecular pathways, regulated by dopamine and involved in ASD. Clustering these pathways reveals groups of genes associated with dopamine metabolism, encoding proteins that control dopamine neurotransmission, cytoskeletal processes, synaptic release, Ca2+ signaling, as well as the adenosine, glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric systems. Overall, our analyses emphasize the important role of the dopaminergic system in ASD, and implicate several cellular signaling processes in its pathogenesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nguyen, Michael] Univ Virginia, Dept Biomed Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Nguyen, Michael; Poudel, Manoj K.; Stewart, Adam Michael; Kalueff, Allan V.] ZENEREI Inst, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. [Roth, Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Kyzar, Evan J.] Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Wong, Keith] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stewart, Adam Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurosci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Kalueff, AV (reprint author), ZENEREI Inst, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. EM avkalueff@gmail.com FU ZENEREI Institute Intramural Research Program FX The authors acknowledge support from the ZENEREI Institute Intramural Research Program. 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Int. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 66 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.002 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AD8JO UT WOS:000333512500002 PM 24412511 ER PT J AU Sanvicente-Vieira, B Kluwe-Schiavon, B Wearick-Silva, LE Piccoli, GL Scherer, L Tonelli, HA Grassi-Oliveira, R AF Sanvicente-Vieira, Breno Kluwe-Schiavon, Bruno Wearick-Silva, Luis Eduardo Piccoli, Giovanna Lopes Scherer, Lilian Tonelli, Helio Anderson Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo TI Revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) - Brazilian version SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA LA English DT Article DE Mentalizing; Theory of Mind; autism; schizophrenia; social cognition; tests ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SOCIAL COGNITION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BIPOLAR DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; MECHANISMS; METAANALYSIS; RELIABILITY AB Objective: To translate and adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), in both paper-and-pencil and computerized versions. The RMET is a well-accepted instrument for assessment of Theory of Mind (TOM), an important component of social cognition. Methods: Following a guideline for translation of material for clinical populations, this study had three main phases: 1) formal translation and semantic adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese; 2) an acceptability trial with health professionals as judges evaluating picture-word matching; and 3) a trial using the paper-and-pencil and computerized versions (experiments built in E-Prime 2.0.10 software) with healthy participants to test whether the instrument has similar outputs to those expected in versions in other languages. Results: RMET was adequately adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. This version showed acceptability and outputs similar to versions of the instrument in other languages, including the original one. We kept the same number of images as the original English version. Conclusions: Considering the scarcity of cognitive assessment instruments adequately adapted to Portuguese and the importance of social cognition in many psychiatric disorders, this work adds an important resource to Brazilian research and is administrable in both paper-and-pencil and computerized versions. C1 [Sanvicente-Vieira, Breno; Kluwe-Schiavon, Bruno; Wearick-Silva, Luis Eduardo; Piccoli, Giovanna Lopes; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo] Pontificia Univ Catalica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Grad Program Psychol, Ctr Studies & Res Traumat Stress, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Scherer, Lilian] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Grad Program Linguist, Neurolinguist & Psycholinguist Study Grp, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Tonelli, Helio Anderson] Inst Psiquiatria Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. RP Grassi-Oliveira, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catalica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Av Ipiranga,6681,Predio 11,Sala 936, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 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