FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU KEMPER, TL BAUMAN, ML AF KEMPER, TL BAUMAN, ML TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF NEUROPATHOLOGIC STUDIES TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF AUTISM SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID CELL COUNTS; MEMORY; HIPPOCAMPUS; ETIOLOGY C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,CHILDRENS NEUROL SERV,BOSTON,MA 02114. RP KEMPER, TL (reprint author), BOSTON CITY HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,MED 9,818 HARRISON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. CR ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 BACHEVALIER J, 1988, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V14, P1 BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, V1, P129 BACHEVALIER J, 1991, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V17, P338 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN M L, 1989, Neurology, V39, P186 Brodal A, 1981, NEUROLOGICAL ANATOMY, V3rd Brodal A, 1940, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V43, P46 COLEMAN PD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF01531496 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 FLECHSIG P, 1920, ANATOMIE MENCHILICHE FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 HIRSH R, 1974, BEHAV BIOL, V12, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0091-6773(74)92231-7 Holmes G, 1908, BRAIN, V31, P125, DOI 10.1093/brain/31.1.125 MAHUT H, 1986, HIPPOCAMPUS, P241 MERJANIAN PM, 1991, SOC NEUR ABSTR, V14, P2 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P774 MISHKIN M, 1987, SCI AM, V256, P80 MURRAY EA, 1990, NEUROBIOLOGY COMP CO, P127 NELSON KB, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P761 OVERMAN WH, 1990, DEV NEURAL BASIS HIG, P365 RAKIC P, 1970, J COMP NEUROL, V139, P473, DOI 10.1002/cne.901390407 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 RAYMOND G, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P483 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 SCOVILLE WB, 1957, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V20, P11, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 SQUIRE LR, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P1380, DOI 10.1126/science.1896849 STANFIELD BB, 1988, CEREB CORTEX, V7, P91 NR 30 TC 181 Z9 184 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 11 IS 1 BP 175 EP 187 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA KM626 UT WOS:A1993KM62600011 PM 8441369 ER PT J AU FREUND, LS REISS, AL ABRAMS, MT AF FREUND, LS REISS, AL ABRAMS, MT TI PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH FRAGILE-X IN THE YOUNG FEMALE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; PHENOTYPE; PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER; ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AVOIDANT DISORDER; ANXIETY DISORDER; MOOD DISORDER; BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SKILLS ID COGNITIVE PROFILES; AUTISM; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; EXPRESSION; CHROMOSOME; CARRIERS; CRITERIA; MALES; DNA AB Seventeen females with the fragile X mutation and 17 non-fragile X females group-matched on age (range 4 to 27 years), IQ (range 34 to 126), and socioeconomic status were compared on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed, revised) criteria for selected psychiatric disorders. Additional comparisons were made on level of social development and parent and teacher ratings of maladaptive behaviors. Correlations of genetic testing data with psychiatric and behavioral variables were investigated. Consistent with hypotheses, females with the fragile X mutation showed a greater frequency of avoidant disorder and mood disorders compared with control subjects. Females with the fragile X mutation also showed greater frequency of stereotypy/habit disorder when compared with control subjects. Contrary to predictions, females with the fragile X mutation did not show higher frequencies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or undifferentiated attention deficit. They showed greater deficits in their interpersonal socialization skills and were rated by their parents and teachers as significantly more withdrawn and depressed when compared with control subjects. The size of the DNA insertion associated with the genetic abnormality was correlated with IQ, severity of attention problems, and anxiety/withdrawal symptoms. Evidence from this study points to an association between a specific genetic syndrome and characteristic developmental and psychiatric difficulties. Implications for the clinician are discussed. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. KENNEDY INST,BALTIMORE,MD. CR BORGHGRAEF M, 1990, CLIN GENET, V37, P341 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 FISCH GS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P71 FREUND LS, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P54 FREUND LS, 1991, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V4, P667, DOI 10.1097/00001504-199110000-00004 FREUND LS, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P542, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380409 GILLBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P447, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00736.x GLOVER TW, 1981, AM J HUM GENET, V33, P234 GRIGSBY J, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P111, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430116 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V59, P142 HAGERMAN RJ, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V89, P395 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P375, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230129 HERJANIC B, 1982, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V10, P307, DOI 10.1007/BF00912324 KAPLAN SL, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P91, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00013 KEMPER MB, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P139, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230109 LACHIEWICZ AM, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P72, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430111 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1141, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00025 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P78, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430112 OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 QUAY H, 1987, REVISED BEHAVIOR PRO REICH W, 1988, DICA P R DSM 3 R VER REISS AL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P25 REISS AL, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P35, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430106 REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 SHERMAN S, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME SOVNER R, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P1055 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPITZER RL, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P773 Sutherland G, 1985, FRAGILE SITES HUMAN SUTHERLAND GR, 1979, AM J HUM GENET, V31, P125 THORNDIKE RL, 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING 4T TURNER G, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P11, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230103 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WOLFF PH, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P213, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300121 YU S, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1179, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1179 NR 37 TC 132 Z9 133 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 321 EP 329 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KK578 UT WOS:A1993KK57800008 PM 8380924 ER PT J AU BAILEY, AJ AF BAILEY, AJ TI THE BIOLOGY OF AUTISM SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN; MIND; TWIN AB Autism is a behavioural syndrome characterized by qualitative impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication; the presence of restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests and activities; and, abnormal development before 36 months of age (ICD 10) (WHO, 1991). The children described by Kanner (1943) were said to be of normal intelligence, and for many years the syndrome was thought to be psychogenic. However, the finding that three-quarters of sufferers are mentally handicapped and a quarter develop epilepsy (Lockyer & Rutter, 1969; Rutter, 1970), suggested that the syndrome had a biological basis. Steady progress has been made in clarifying the role of aetiological factors and specifying the psychological deficits, whereas identification of the underlying neurobiological abnormalities has been less successful. RP BAILEY, AJ (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X CR BAILEY AJ, 1991, 2ND WORLD C PSYCH GE BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN M L, 1985, Neurology, V35, P247 BOLTON P, 1991, 2ND WORLD C PSYCH GE CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 CIESIELSKI KT, 1990, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V75, P207, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90174-I Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 COURCHESNE E, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P285 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LOCKYER L, 1969, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P865, DOI 10.1192/bjp.115.525.865 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 RAYMOND G, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P483 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 RUTTER M, 1991, 1991 SRCD S UND NAT SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x WHO-World Health Organisation, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS H WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0033-2917 J9 PSYCHOL MED JI Psychol. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA KT521 UT WOS:A1993KT52100002 PM 8475217 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, L STENSTROM, I AF JACOBSON, L STENSTROM, I TI VISUALLY IMPAIRING ROP IN CHILDREN BORN IN SWEDEN 1975-89 SO ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY, AT THE 6TH NORDIC PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY CONGRESS CY SEP 27-29, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP WENNER GREN CTR FDN, SIGVARD & MARIANNE BERNADOTTE RES FDN CHILDREN EYE CARE HO WENNER GREN CTR DE ROP; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; BIRTH-WEIGHT; GESTATIONAL AGE; RISKGROUP; ADDITIONAL HANDICAPS; AUTISM; VITREORETINAL SURGERY ID RETINOPATHY; PREMATURITY AB Among all children registered at the two educational resource centres in Sweden for visually impaired, we found 61 children with ROP causing their visual dysfunction, born 1975-89. Six children had a birthweight exceeding 1460 g, four of these were educationally blind. Sixty children had a gestational age of 30 weeks or less, one child had a gestational age of 31 weeks. Forty-one children had a visual acuity less-than-or-equal-to 0.05 while 20 had visual acuity of 0.06-0.3 in the best eye. Twenty-four children had additional handicaps. Seven blind children had developed autistic features. Vitreoretinal surgery had been performed in 27 children. When the retina preoperatively was totally detached surgery failed to restore useful vision. We conclude that it is safer to define the riskgroup for ROP by gestational age than by birthweight. If the retina already is totally detached it seems advisable to refrain from vitreoretinal surgery. C1 OREBRO MED CTR HOSP,EKESKOLAN RESOURCE CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,OREBRO,SWEDEN. RP JACOBSON, L (reprint author), HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP,TOMTEBODASKOLAN RESOURCE CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,S-14186 HUDDINGE,SWEDEN. CR GALLO JE, 1991, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V75, P527, DOI 10.1136/bjo.75.9.527 HOLMSTROM GE, 1993, IN PRESS BR J OPHTHA PALMER EA, 1991, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V98, P1628 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ARHUS UNIV HOSPITAL PI AARHUS PA DEPT OHPTHALMOLOGY, DK-8000 AARHUS, DENMARK SN 0001-639X J9 ACTA OPHTHALMOL PY 1993 VL 71 SU 210 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA LD558 UT WOS:A1993LD55800004 ER PT J AU JANSON, U AF JANSON, U TI NORMAL AND DEVIANT-BEHAVIOR IN BLIND-CHILDREN WITH ROP SO ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY, AT THE 6TH NORDIC PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY CONGRESS CY SEP 27-29, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP WENNER GREN CTR FDN, SIGVARD & MARIANNE BERNADOTTE RES FDN CHILDREN EYE CARE HO WENNER GREN CTR DE CONGENITAL BLINDNESS; AUTISM; BEHAVIOR OBSERVATION; RISK SCREENING; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; SOCIAL INTERACTION; OBJECT MANIPULATION AB Congenitally blind children, especially with ROP, are at risk for developing autistic traits. Early behavior risk screening would be of value, but no instruments with acceptable specificity are available. Traditional behavioral symptoms of infantile autism also characterize blind children without autistic disturbance. This report attempts at identifying early behavior patterns that distinguish autistic from non-autistic blind children with ROP. Developmental data, parents' reports, and video-recordings are analyzed. It is concluded that observations of developmental delays are not specific enough in screening out the risk group. However, it is possible to describe a behavior pattern, emerging between 12 and 30 months, of unresponsitivity and stereotypic object manipulation, which distinguishes autistic and non-autistic subjects. This might be a pattern of specific risk behavior in blind children. However, further prospective studies must be performed to test these proportions. RP JANSON, U (reprint author), UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT EDUC,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. CR BRAMBRING M, 1992, 68 U BIEL SPEC RES U DAHLGREN L, 1989, SYMPTOMS 1ST 2 YEARS FERRELL KA, 1990, J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN, V84, P404 FREEMAN R, 1977, EPIDEMIOLOICAL APPRO Warren D. H., 1984, BLINDNESS EARLY CHIL NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ARHUS UNIV HOSPITAL PI AARHUS PA DEPT OHPTHALMOLOGY, DK-8000 AARHUS, DENMARK SN 0001-639X J9 ACTA OPHTHALMOL PY 1993 VL 71 SU 210 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA LD558 UT WOS:A1993LD55800005 ER PT J AU MCEACHIN, JJ SMITH, T LOVAAS, OI AF MCEACHIN, JJ SMITH, T LOVAAS, OI TI LONG-TERM OUTCOME FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM WHO RECEIVED EARLY INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID FOLLOW-UP; PLASTICITY AB After a very intensive behavioral intervention, an experimental group of 19 preschool-age children with autism achieved less restrictive school placements and higher IQs than did a control group of 19 similar children by age 7 (Lovaas, 1987). The present study followed-up this finding by assessing subjects at a mean age of 11.5 years. Results showed that the experimental group preserved its gains over the control group. The 9 experimental subjects who bad achieved the best outcomes at age 7 received particularly extensive evaluations indicating that 8 of them were indistinguishable from average children on tests of intelligence and adaptive behavior. Thus, behavioral treatment may produce long-lasting and significant gains for many young children with autism. RP MCEACHIN, JJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 Dunn L. 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I., 1988, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V11, P285 LOVAAS OI, 1980, TEACHING DEV DISABLE LOVAAS OI, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P131, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-131 LOVAAS OI, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P165, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.57.1.165 MCEACHIN JJ, 1987, THESIS U CALIFORNIA NEWSOM C, 1989, TREATMENT CHILDHOOD, P286 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RUTTER M, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02260.x SCHOPLER E, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P162 SHORT A, 1986, PSYCHO ED EVALUATION, P155 SIMEONSSON RJ, 1987, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P275 SIREVAAG AM, 1988, BRAIN RES, V441, P386, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91420-5 Sparrow SS, 1984, INTERVIEW EDITION SU Spitz H. H., 1986, RAISING INTELLIGENCE WATERHOUSE L, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P236, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00287.x Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WIRT RD, 1977, MULTIDIMENSIONAL DES ZIGLER E, 1978, AM PSYCHOL, V33, P789, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.33.9.789 NR 34 TC 440 Z9 445 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 97 IS 4 BP 359 EP 372 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA KJ476 UT WOS:A1993KJ47600001 PM 8427693 ER PT J AU MUNDY, P AF MUNDY, P TI NORMAL VERSUS HIGH-FUNCTIONING STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Note ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; ADULTS RP MUNDY, P (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,DEPT PSYCHOL,CTR PSYCHOL SERV,POB 248768,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124, USA. CR DYKENS E, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02207326 EDELBROCK C, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P181, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb02329.x HARRIS SL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02207325 LACHAR D, 1986, ASSESSMENT CHILD ADO, P273 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02212853 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MCEACHIN JJ, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 OZONOFF S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 SCHOPLER E, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P162 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 12 TC 35 Z9 35 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 97 IS 4 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA KJ476 UT WOS:A1993KJ47600006 ER PT J AU GAROFALO, G RAGUSA, RM ARGIOLAS, A SCAVUZZO, C SPINA, E BARLETTA, C AF GAROFALO, G RAGUSA, RM ARGIOLAS, A SCAVUZZO, C SPINA, E BARLETTA, C TI EVIDENCE OF CHROMOSOMAL FRAGILE SITES IN SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS SO ANNALES DE GENETIQUE LA English DT Article DE RARE FRAGILE SITES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHROMOSOME-9 ID CUTIS-VERTICIS-GYRATA; X-SYNDROME; ASSOCIATION AB Chromosomal fragility and other chromosomal abnormalities were frequently observed in subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as fragile X syndrome, autism or schizophrenia, but only for the first one the fragility is accepted to be associated to a specifical pathology, so that it is used as a diagnostic marker. In this study the authors analyzed 50 schizophrenic males, searching for the rare fragile sites or other aberrations with the method suitable for fra(X) detection. Chromosomes from schizophrenic patients resulted more fragile than those from normal controls, especially chromosome 9. The authors discuss the implications of a possible association of these data with the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenic syndrome. C1 PSYCHIAT HOSP MESSINA,MESSINA,ITALY. RP GAROFALO, G (reprint author), OASI,INST RES MENTAL RETARDAT & BRAIN AGEING,I-94018 TROINA,ITALY. 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PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LY127 UT WOS:A1993LY12700011 PM 8215221 ER PT J AU BOYLE, TD AF BOYLE, TD TI HIGH-FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM - SCHOPLER,E, MESIBOV,G SO CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Book Review RP BOYLE, TD (reprint author), SPRINGFIELD ASSOCIATES,675 MORRIS AVE,SPRINGFIELD,NJ 07081, USA. CR DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 Rutter M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P15 SCHOPLER E, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 0731-7107 J9 CHILD FAM BEHAV THER JI Child Fam. Behav. Ther. PY 1993 VL 15 IS 4 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA NF103 UT WOS:A1993NF10300008 ER PT J AU MAES, B FRYNS, JP VANWALLEGHEM, M VANDENBERGHE, H AF MAES, B FRYNS, JP VANWALLEGHEM, M VANDENBERGHE, H TI FRAGILE-X SYNDROME AND AUTISM - A PREVALENT ASSOCIATION OR A MISINTERPRETED CONNECTION SO GENETIC COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; AUTISM; SOCIAL ANXIETY; X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION ID MENTALLY-RETARDED PATIENTS; GENETIC-DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY; DSM-III-R; INFANTILE-AUTISM; INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION; SWEDISH MULTICENTER; MALES; CHROMOSOME; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE AB The present study surveys autistic behavioral characteristics of 58 mentally retarded male adults with fragile-X syndrome. Results were compared with a control group of 58 fragile-X negative mentally retarded men, matched on age, cognitive level, living conditions and length of institutionalisation. We demonstrate that this and other controlled studies have not given much evidence for a specific association between fra(X) syndrome and the global diagnosis of autism. A high proportion of fra(X) adults display a limited number of specific behavioral characteristics that belong to the spectrum of pervasive developmental disorders. Non-functional body movements, unacceptable vocal and speech habits, social avoidance reactions and eccentric peculiarities are significantly different between the two groups. We further propose that the core features of autism. namely social indifference and severely disturbed social relations, are in general not found in the fra(X) group. On the contrary, they had a more positive general mood, were more sensitive to social contact and attention from others and approached not only new physical environments but also other people with great openness and interest. Moreover, we found that fra(X) adults had average interpersonal and communicative skills. This peculiar combination of <> behavior and social sensitivity or openness could probably be accounted for by feelings of social anxiety. Finally implications of this <> hypothesis for research and treatment are discussed. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,CTR HUMAN GENET,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,ORTHOPEDAGOG SECT,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. 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VOLKMAR, F ANDERSON, G KLIN, A AF COHEN, DJ VOLKMAR, F ANDERSON, G KLIN, A TI INTEGRATING BIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL-PERSPECTIVES IN THE STUDY AND CARE OF AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS - THE FUTURE SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND RELATED SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DISORDERS AB The core clinical feature of autism is a profound disturbance in the emergence of social relations, apparent as early as the very first months of life and almost always by age three years. Many different theories have been proposed to explain this dramatic developmental dysfunction, including cognitive, linguistic, arousal and, most recently, ''theory of mind'' hypotheses. There is great heterogeneity among autistic individuals and no single explanation captures all the clinical phenomena. Because of the divergent theories and their associated treatment approaches, parents are often burdened by conflicting advice. Field trials and other studies have provided excellent diagnostic criteria for autism for DSM-IV and ICD-10, with high sensitivity and specificity. Careful definition of the clinical phenotype is essential for neurobiological, genetic and behavioral research. While many lines of evidence point to underlying disturbances in brain maturation, no specific CNS dysfunction or biological correlate has been discovered. 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PD JAN PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA KL806 UT WOS:A1993KL80600190 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI AUTISM AND LANGUAGE DISORDER COLLABORATIVE PROJECT - PRESCHOOL STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA KL806 UT WOS:A1993KL80600283 ER PT J AU GREENSPAN, SI AF GREENSPAN, SI TI AUTISM AKA COMMUNICATION DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter RP GREENSPAN, SI (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20052, USA. CR DEGANGI GA, 1991, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V14, P37, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(91)90053-U Greenspan S. I., 1992, INFANCY EARLY CHILDH Greenspan S. I., 1989, DEV EGO IMPLICATIONS GREENSPAN SI, 1991, METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE, V114, P165 PORGES SW, 1991, METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE, V114, P173 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 221 EP 222 DI 10.1097/00004583-199301000-00034 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA KD791 UT WOS:A1993KD79100033 PM 7679094 ER PT J AU TANGUAY, PE AF TANGUAY, PE TI AUTISM AKA COMMUNICATION DISORDER - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 222 EP 222 DI 10.1097/00004583-199301000-00035 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA KD791 UT WOS:A1993KD79100034 ER PT J AU COOK, EH ARORA, RC ANDERSON, GM BERRYKRAVIS, EM YAN, SY YEOH, HC SKLENA, PJ CHARAK, DA LEVENTHAL, BL AF COOK, EH ARORA, RC ANDERSON, GM BERRYKRAVIS, EM YAN, SY YEOH, HC SKLENA, PJ CHARAK, DA LEVENTHAL, BL TI PLATELET SEROTONIN STUDIES IN HYPERSEROTONEMIC RELATIVES OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; PLASMA; PROBANDS; RECEPTOR; BINDING AB Platelet serotonin (5-HT) studies were conducted with 12 hyperserotonemic and 12 normoserotonemic age-, sex-, and relationship-matched relatives of autistic probands. Each group consisted of 7 mothers, 4 fathers, and 1 sister of autistic children and adolescents. The density (B(max)) of platelet 5-HT2 receptor binding sites, labelled with [H-3]-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), was significantly lower in 11 hyperserotonemic subjects compared to 12 normoserotonemic subjects (40.9 +/-13.5 fmol/mg protein, 59,6 +/- 13.2; p < 0.004). The affinity (K(d)) for [H-3]-LSD binding did not differ. Although the density (B(max)) of [H-3]-paroxetine binding did not differ between groups, there was a small difference in the affinity (K(d)) of [H-3]-paroxetine binding (hyperserotonemic 47.6 +/- 9.0 pM, normoserotonemic 54.8 +/-12.1; p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in platelet 5-HT uptake, or in thrombin-stimulated 5-HT release. Basal, 5-HT-stimulated, and arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated inositol phosphate production, as well as basal, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-, and forskolin-stimulated cAMP production did not differ. There were signficant correlations between whole blood 5-HT levels and LSD B(max) (r(S) = -0.63, N=23, p < 0.002) and whole blood 5-HT levels and 5-HT uptake V(max) (r(S) = 0.56, N=18, p < 0.02). However, [H-3]-LSD labelled 5-HT2 binding and 5-HT uptake were not correlated with each other. Hyperserotonemia of autism may be heterogeneous with one subgroup of subjects with increased 5-HT uptake and another subgroup with decreased 5-HT2 binding. C1 LOYOLA UNIV,STRITCH SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,MAYWOOD,IL 60141. YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. LOYOLA UNIV,STRITCH SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MAYWOOD,IL 60141. VET ADM MED CTR,HINES,IL 60141. RP COOK, EH (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MC3077,5841 S MARYLAND AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. 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PY 1993 VL 52 IS 25 BP 2005 EP 2015 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90685-V PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LB860 UT WOS:A1993LB86000003 PM 7684805 ER PT J AU HOBSON, RP AF HOBSON, RP TI THE EMOTIONAL ORIGINS OF SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING SO PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; YOUNG AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; SELF-RECOGNITION; SYMBOLIC PLAY; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; INFANTS RESPONSES; COMMUNICATION; MIND; PERCEPTION AB The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the origins of social understanding. Drawing upon philosophical writings, I highlight those features of affectively patterned interpersonal relations that are especially important for a very young child's growing awareness and knowledge of itself and other people as people with their own minds. 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PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 227 EP 249 DI 10.1080/09515089308573090 PG 23 WC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology GA MD040 UT WOS:A1993MD04000001 ER PT J AU LIDAPULIK, H BASQUIN, M AF LIDAPULIK, H BASQUIN, M TI COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES AND PSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS IN THE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - AUTISM AND FRAGILE-X SYNDROME SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT LA French DT Article ID MALES; DISABILITY; CHROMOSOME; ABNORMALITIES; MULTICENTER; ASSOCIATION; DYSFUNCTION; DISORDERS; FEMALES AB The fragile X syndrome is one of the main etiologies of mental retardation in human beings. Some of its specific cognitive and language disturbances are nowadays well known. Disturbances of behavior are frequent. They are akin to psychotic manifestations and are mainly described in terms of autistic syndromes. The question of the possible links between autism and the fragile X syndrome is beeing discussed since 1980. 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Inq. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA KP457 UT WOS:A1993KP45700001 ER PT J AU STOCKDALEWOLFE, E AF STOCKDALEWOLFE, E TI FEAR OF FUSION - NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR IN SECONDARY AUTISM SO PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article CR Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Mahler M. S., 1968, HUMAN SYMBIOSIS VICI Nelson DL, 1984, CHILDREN AUTISM OTHE Scheflen Albert E, 1972, BODY LANGUAGE SOCIAL NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ANALYTIC PRESS PI HILLSDALE PA 365 BROADWAY, HILLSDALE, NJ 07642 SN 0735-1690 J9 PSYCHOANAL INQ JI Psychoanal. Inq. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 33 PG 25 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA KP457 UT WOS:A1993KP45700002 ER PT J AU TUSTIN, F AF TUSTIN, F TI ON PSYCHOGENIC AUTISM SO PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article RP TUSTIN, F (reprint author), ASSOC CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPISTS,17 ORCHARD LANE,AMERSHAM HP6 5AA,BUCKS,ENGLAND. CR Bion W. R, 1977, 7 SERVANTS Freud S, 1920, STANDARD EDITION, V18 GROTSTEIN JS, 1980, CONTEMP PSYCHOANAL, V16, P479 KLEIN HS, 1983, DO I DARE DISTURB UN, P103 KLEIN S, 1980, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V61, P395 LEWIS E, 1983, BALLIERES OBSTETRICS, V3, P935 MAHLER MS, 1958, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V39, P77 McDougall J, 1985, THEATRES MIND McDougall J., 1989, THEATRES BODY Miller L., 1989, CLOSELY OBSERVED INF Sinason V, 1992, MENTAL HANDICAP HUMA Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD TRACEY N, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOTHER, V17, P29, DOI 10.1080/00754179108256731 Trevarthen C. B., 1979, BEFORE SPEECH TUSTIN F, 1984, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V11, P279 TUSTIN F, 1981, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL, P96 Tustin F., 1992, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL TUSTIN F, 1981, DO I DARE DISTURB UN, P186 Tustin F, 1972, AUTISM CHILDHOOD PSY TUSTIN F, 1980, INT REV PSYCHOANAL, V7, P27 TUSTIN F, 1991, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V72, P585 Tustin F, 1990, PROTECTIVE SHELL CHI Tustins F., 1987, AUTISTIC BARRIERS NE Winnicott D, 1958, COLLECTED PAPERS NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 PU ANALYTIC PRESS PI HILLSDALE PA 365 BROADWAY, HILLSDALE, NJ 07642 SN 0735-1690 J9 PSYCHOANAL INQ JI Psychoanal. Inq. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 PG 8 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA KP457 UT WOS:A1993KP45700003 ER PT J AU WEININGER, O AF WEININGER, O TI ATTACHMENT, AFFECTIVE CONTACT, AND AUTISM SO PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article RP WEININGER, O (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,ONTARIO INST STUDIES EDUC,DEPT APPL PSYCHOL,252 BLOOR ST W,TORONTO M5S 1V6,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR Bion W., 1962, LEARNING EXPERIENCE KLEIN J, 1989, WINNICOTT STUDIES, V4, P11 OLIN R, 1989, WINNICOTT STUDIES, V4, P43 RILEY C, 1989, WINNICOTT STUDIES, V4, P37 Tustin F., 1981, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL TUSTIN F, 1988, FREE ASS, V11, P35 WEININGER O, 1989, CHILDRENS PHANTASIES Winnicott D. W., 1965, MATURATIONAL PROCESS, P37 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 PU ANALYTIC PRESS PI HILLSDALE PA 365 BROADWAY, HILLSDALE, NJ 07642 SN 0735-1690 J9 PSYCHOANAL INQ JI Psychoanal. Inq. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA KP457 UT WOS:A1993KP45700005 ER PT J AU PIONTELLI, A AF PIONTELLI, A TI AUTISM AND PRENATAL STUDIES SO PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH C1 UNIV TURIN,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,I-10124 TURIN,ITALY. CR Anzieu D., 1989, SKIN EGO BICK E, 1964, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V45, P558 Bower T. G., 1977, PRIMER INFANT DEV BRAZELTON TB, 1974, EFFECT INFANT ITS CA, P579 GALTON F, 1876, J ROYAL ANTHR I, V5, P391, DOI 10.2307/2840900 JOSEPH B, 1982, PSYCHIC EQUILIBRIUM, P127 Mahler M., 1975, PSYCHOL BIRTH HUMAN Meltzer D., 1975, EXPLORATIONS AUTISM Piontelli A., 1986, BACKWARDS TIME STUDY PIONTELLI A, 1989, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V16, P413 PIONTELLI A, 1988, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V15, P73 PIONTELLI A, 1987, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V68, P453 Segal H, 1964, INTRO WORK M KLEIN Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD TREVARTHEN C, 1979, INSTINCTS HUMAN UNDE, P36 WINNICOTT DW, 1963, MATURATIONAL PROCESS, P109 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ANALYTIC PRESS PI HILLSDALE PA 365 BROADWAY, HILLSDALE, NJ 07642 SN 0735-1690 J9 PSYCHOANAL INQ JI Psychoanal. Inq. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA KP457 UT WOS:A1993KP45700009 ER PT J AU GADDINI, RD AF GADDINI, RD TI ON AUTISM SO PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID BODY CR Anzieu D., 1989, SKIN EGO BOLLAS C, 1990, OCT WEEK C ENGL SPEA DEBIANCHEDI ET, 1984, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V65, P389 Fenichel Otto, 1953, COLLECTED PAPERS O F, P373 Freud Sigmund, 1923, STANDARD EDITION, V19 GADDINI E, 1987, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V68, P329 GADDINI E, 1987, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V68, P315 Gaddini E., 1992, PSYCHOANALYTIC THEOR GADDINI RD, 1986, SELF OBJECT CONSTANC, P177 Greenacre P, 1945, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V1, P31 GROTSTEIN JS, 1978, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V59, P55 HARLOW HF, 1959, SCIENCE, V130, P421, DOI 10.1126/science.130.3373.421 HELLER P, 1990, CHILD ANAL A FREUD JORDAN JF, 1990, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V17, P433 Little M. I., 1990, PSYCHOTIC ANXIETIES Milner M., 1969, HANDS LIVING GOD PIONTELLI A, 1988, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V15, P73 SANDER LW, 1962, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V1, P141, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60013-3 TREVARTHEN C, 1992, PLAYING REALITY WINNICOTT DW, 1963, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V44, P339 Winnicott D. W., 1945, COLLECTED PAPERS PED, P145 Winnicott D. W., 1971, PLAYING REALITY, P111 WINNICOTT DW, 1952, COLLECT PAPERS, P219 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ANALYTIC PRESS PI HILLSDALE PA 365 BROADWAY, HILLSDALE, NJ 07642 SN 0735-1690 J9 PSYCHOANAL INQ JI Psychoanal. Inq. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 134 EP 143 PG 10 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA KP457 UT WOS:A1993KP45700010 ER PT J AU ERNST, M DEVI, L SILVA, RR GONZALEZ, NM SMALL, AM MALONE, RP CAMPBELL, M AF ERNST, M DEVI, L SILVA, RR GONZALEZ, NM SMALL, AM MALONE, RP CAMPBELL, M TI PLASMA BETA-ENDORPHIN LEVELS, NALTREXONE, AND HALOPERIDOL IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DOUBLE-BLIND; RAT; EFFICACY; CORTISOL; OPIATE AB Plasma beta-endorphin levels were measured in 13 autistic children, aged 3.67 to 11.67 years at the end of treatment (naltrexone, haloperidol, pimozide, or placebo) and in 5 of the 13 children also at baseline. Baseline plasma beta-endorphin levels were lower than those reported in the literature. There was a strong correlation between plasma beta-endorphin levels and severity of sterotypies in all children. Naltrexone did not seem to have a specific effect on plasma beta-endorphin levels; short-term haloperidol treatment was associated with an increase, whereas long-term haloperidol treatment seemed to have a depressive effect on plasma beta-endorphin levels, which rose after withdrawal of haloperidol. C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NYU MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CR CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P130 CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CAMPBELL M, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P650 DICHIARA G, 1988, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V244, P1067 EGHBALI M, 1987, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V84, P6582, DOI 10.1073/pnas.84.18.6582 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 HERMAN BH, 1991, PROGR PSYCHIAT, V32, P107 HERMAN BH, 1988, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V67, P186 HERMAN B H, 1988, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V14, P465 HERMAN B H, 1986, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V12, P1172 IWAMOTO ET, 1977, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V203, P347 IYENGAR S, 1989, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V28, P123, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(89)90047-6 JOYCE EM, 1979, NEUROSCI LETT, V14, P207, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(79)96149-4 KOSTEN TR, 1986, LIFE SCI, V39, P55, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90437-6 LATIMER LG, 1987, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V241, P328 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 NABER D, 1981, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V74, P125, DOI 10.1007/BF00432677 Panksepp J., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P357 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 PICKAR D, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P313 POLLOCK J, 1991, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V4, P245 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 SANDMAN CA, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P84 WEIZMAN R, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P430, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00009 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21 1987, DSM III R DIAGNOSTIC NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA MC720 UT WOS:A1993MC72000013 PM 8290669 ER PT J AU GONZALEZ, NM ALPERT, M SHAY, J CAMPBELL, M SMALL, AM AF GONZALEZ, NM ALPERT, M SHAY, J CAMPBELL, M SMALL, AM TI AUTISTIC-CHILDREN ON FOLLOW-UP - CHANGE OF DIAGNOSIS SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology CY DEC 14-18, 1992 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP Amer Coll Neuropsychopharm ID INFANTILE-AUTISM AB The present study compared baseline assessments of 30 autistic children studied at ages 2.8 to 6.3 years (mean = 4.5; median = 4.5) with assessments at followup 0.38 to 14.3 years later (mean = 5.05; median = 4.33). The assessments included diagnosis, Severity of illness, and intellectual functioning. At the time of followup, when they participated in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV Field Trial, the subjects' ages ranged from C1 NEW YORK UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CR ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P14, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62274-3 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V6, P1063 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J PSYCHIAT, V112, P607 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P708, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198809)44:5<708::AID-JCLP2270440507>3.0.CO;2-T RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 SHAY J, 1992, 36TH P ANN M AM AC C, V8, P51 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 VOLKMAR FT, 1994, IN PRESS AM J PSYCHI Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 1991, UNPUB DSM IV OPTIONS 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21 1980, DSM III DIAGNOSTIC S 1990, WHO ICD10 DIV MENT H, pCH5 1987, DSM III R DIAGNOSTIC NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA MM925 UT WOS:A1993MM92500003 PM 8121963 ER PT J AU BOVET, P PARNAS, J AF BOVET, P PARNAS, J TI SCHIZOPHRENIC DELUSIONS - A PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH SO SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD; SYMPTOMS; CLASSIFICATION; PHYSICALISM; DIAGNOSIS; DISORDER; SPECTRUM AB The issue of specificity of delusions in schizophrenia is still a matter of debate. The authors analyze the delusion formation in schizophrenia from a prototypical, phenomenological point of view, focusing on the subject's experience. This perspective links delusion formation to the autistic predisposition, which is considered here as the elementary phenotypic expression of the vulnerability to schizophrenia. Autism is viewed as a defective preconceptual (i.e., before language) attunement to the world. It impedes the individual's sharing of ''common sense'' with others and impairs the ability to project into the future. The development of delusions is illustrated, in part, by Klaus Conrad's work on the onset of paranoid schizophrenia. Delusions are viewed as transformations of the structure of experiencing. When threatened in future ability to be, the autistic, vulnerable person looks for the clues to becoming by attributing significance to disparate elements of the environment, which become self-referential. The link established between these disparate elements is based on universal characteristics that give the schizophrenic delusion a metaphysical quality. The transitivistic experience in delusions of control and omnipotence points to a specific way of crossing the border between ''mine'' and ''yours'' (disturbances of the experiencing ''I''). What strikes a clinician in these delusions is that the normally tacit link between the sense of being and the sense of acting becomes quite apparent. The authors also propose a specificity in the themes of schizophrenic delusions. Delusions acquire a schizophrenic quality when ontological (i.e., universal) elements of the discourse between the locator and the Other dominate at the expense of the worldly elements. It is emphasized that delusional content and form are dialectically related and hardly distinguishable. The authors consider the delusion formation as a phenomenon of emergence, a situation in which a new qualitative order arises from the reorganization of essentially unchanged elements. To consider schizophrenia as an emergent, particular way of experiencing, related to the autistic defect, has important consequences for research and for treatment. A dialectic exchange is needed between prototypical models generated by phenomenological inquiry and empirical, operational validation of testable aspects of such models. C1 UNIV LAUSANNE,DEPT ADULT PSYCHIAT,CH-1000 LAUSANNE 17,SWITZERLAND. UNIV COPENHAGEN,DK-1168 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV HVIDOVRE,COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HVIDOVRE,DENMARK. CR AKISKAL HS, 1979, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V2, P419 *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DSM III R DIAGN STAT ANDREASEN NC, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V17, P187 Binswanger Ludwig, 1963, BEING WORLD SELECTED Blankenburg W., 1988, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY PHIL, P184 BLANKENBURG W, 1980, J PHENOMENOL PSYCHOL, V11, P50, DOI 10.1163/156916280X00057 Blankenburg W, 1965, Nervenarzt, V36, P285 BLANKENB.W, 1969, CONFIN PSYCHIAT, V12, P144 Blankenburg W., 1971, VERLUST NATURLICHEN Bleuler E., 1950, DEMENTIA PRAECOX Bleuler E, 1908, ZENTRALBLATT NERVENH, V31, P220 Bleuler E, 1917, SCHWEIZ ARCH NEUROL, V1, P19 BOVET P, 1987, PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIO, P234 Ciompi L, 1988, PSYCHE SCHIZOPHRENIA CIOMPI L, 1988, SCHIZOPHR RES, V1, P373, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(88)90018-7 Conrad K, 1958, BEGINNENDE SCHIZOPHR De Koning A.J.J., 1982, PHENOMENOLOGY PSYCHI De Waelhens Alphonse, 1972, PSYCHOSE ESSAI INTER DUNAIF S L, 1955, Proc Annu Meet Am Psychopathol Assoc, P169 FISCHER S, 1929, Z GESAMTE NEUROLOGIE, V121, P544 FLAUM M, 1991, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V32, P59, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(91)90070-S Forguson L., 1989, COMMON SENSE Hammond M., 1991, UNDERSTANDING PHENOM HARTMANN E, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P1050 Heidegger M., 1962, BEING TIME Heidegger Martin, 1988, BASIC PROBLEMS PHENO Hempel C.G., 1965, ASPECTS SCI EXPLANAT Husserl E, 1936, CRISIS EUROPEAN SCI Husserl E., 1970, LOGICAL INVESTIGATIO Husserl E., 1975, INTRO LOGICAL INVEST Jaspers K, 1923, ALLGEMEINE PSYCHOPAT Kepinski A., 1974, SCHIZOFRENIA KOEHLER K, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V134, P236, DOI 10.1192/bjp.134.3.236 KRAEPELIN E, 1921, DEMENTIA PRAECOX PAR LIVESLEY WJ, 1985, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V30, P353 Maturana H. 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Bull. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3 BP 579 EP 597 PG 19 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA LX603 UT WOS:A1993LX60300008 PM 8235460 ER PT J AU HANDEN, BL AF HANDEN, BL TI PHARMACOTHERAPY IN MENTAL-RETARDATION AND AUTISM SO SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; INTELLECTUALLY SUBAVERAGE CHILDREN; COMMUNITY RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES; PROFOUNDLY RETARDED RESIDENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND; STIMULANT MEDICATION; HANDICAPPED PATIENTS; CLONIDINE TREATMENT; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB This article reviews studies that have examined the effects of pharmacological interventions for children with mental retardation and autism. It is important to note that medications are not prescribed to treat mental retardation or autism per se, but to treat the behavioral and learning difficulties some individuals with mental retardation or autism may experience. Information regarding stimulants, neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, antianxiety drugs, and antidepressant drugs is presented and discussed. Studies regarding the efficacy of various drugs - as measured by their effects on laboratory and clinical measures of activity level, self-injurious behavior, and stereotypies - are briefly discussed. Information regarding dose levels, positive effects, and possible negative side effects also is presented. Stimulants are found to have the greatest beneficial effects overall, although other classes of drugs are used singly or in combination, to effect desired changes in behavior for individuals with mental retardation or autism. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. CR ABRAMOWITZ AJ, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P193, DOI 10.1177/01454455920162003 ACHENBACH TM, 1986, CHILD BEHAVIOR CHECK Aman M, 1983, TREATMENT ISSUES INN, P455 Aman M. 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10.1192/bjp.146.5.525 MARHOLIN D, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P159, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-159 MARKOWITZ PI, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P27 Markowitz P I, 1990, J Clin Psychopharmacol, V10, P299 MARTIN JE, 1985, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V6, P33, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80020-5 MCNAIR DM, 1973, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V29, P611 MOORE JOHN WILLIAM, 1960, DISSERTATION ABSTS, V20, P3200 NAYLOR GJ, 1974, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V124, P52, DOI 10.1192/bjp.124.1.52 PANKSEPP J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02284764 Pelham W. E., 1986, PSYCHOL ED PERSPECTI, P259 PELHAM WE, 1989, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V18, P259, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp1803_9 RAPPORT MD, 1986, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V54, P334 RATEY JJ, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1356 REID AH, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P109 RICKETTS RW, IN PRESS J AM ACADEM Santilli N, 1987, J Neurosci Nurs, V19, P141 SANTILLI N, 1991, STUDENTS SEIZURES MA SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 Schain R J, 1979, Brain Dev, V1, P77 SCHELL RM, 1986, BEHAV ASSESS, V8, P373 SELIKOWITZ M, 1990, ARCH DIS CHILD, V65, P112 Simpson G M, 1970, Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, V212, P11 SINGH NN, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V85, P580 STRAYHORN JM, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P244, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198803000-00019 SWANSON J, 1978, PEDIATRICS, V61, P21 TRIMBLE MR, 1980, IR MED J S1, V73, P21 UCER E, 1969, CURR THER RES CLIN E, V11, P278 VANKHAUSER MS, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V53, P77 WALTERS A, 1977, NEW ZEAL MED J, V86, P473 WERRY JS, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P27, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb00013.x WHITE TJR, 1985, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V19, P92, DOI 10.3109/00048678509158820 WILLIAMS DT, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P129, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60911-0 WOLF SM, 1978, PEDIATRICS, V61, P728 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V22, P347 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V20, P1073 1993, PHYSICIANS DESK REFE 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V20, P1067 NR 129 TC 6 Z9 6 PU NATL ASSN SCHOOL PSYCHOL PI HARRISONBURG PA JAMES MADISON UNIV DEPT PSYCHOL, HARRISONBURG, VA 22807 SN 0279-6015 J9 SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV JI Sch. Psychol. Rev. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 162 EP 183 PG 22 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA LN235 UT WOS:A1993LN23500003 ER PT J AU GRAY, DE AF GRAY, DE TI PERCEPTIONS OF STIGMA - THE PARENTS OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS LA English DT Article AB This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study of courtesy stigma among 32 parents of autistic children. The results indicate that autism has uniquely stigmatising aspects because of the extremely disruptive nature of autistic symptoms, the normal physical appearance of autistic children, and the lack of public knowledge and understanding regarding the nature of autism. Most parents perceived themselves to be stigmatised by their child's disorder. There was a strong tendency for mothers to feel more stigmatised than fathers. Parents with more severely disabled children and children who were under the age of twelve were also somewhat more likely to perceive themselves to be stigmatised. RP GRAY, DE (reprint author), UNIV NEW ENGLAND,DEPT SOCIOL,ARMIDALE,NSW 2351,AUSTRALIA. CR ABLON J, 1981, SOC SCI MED-MED ANTH, V15, P5, DOI 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90003-X ALBRECHT GL, 1982, SOC SCI MED, V16, P1319, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90027-2 BIRENBAUM A, 1970, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V11, P196, DOI 10.2307/2948301 BOUTTE MI, 1987, SOC SCI MED, V24, P209, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(87)90048-7 Bury M, 1982, Sociol Health Illn, V4, P167, DOI 10.1111/1467-9566.ep11339939 DAVIS F, 1961, SOC PROBL, V9, P120, DOI 10.1525/sp.1961.9.2.03a00020 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT Goffman E., 1963, STIGMA Goffman E., 1961, ASYLUMS HOPPER S, 1981, SOC SCI MED-MED ANTH, V15, P11, DOI 10.1016/0160-7987(81)90004-1 MACDONALD L, 1988, LIVING CHRONIC ILLNE SCAMBLER G, 1986, SOCIOL HEALTH ILL, V8, P26, DOI 10.1111/1467-9566.ep11346455 SCHNEIDER JW, 1980, SOC PROBL, V28, P32, DOI 10.1525/sp.1980.28.1.03a00030 VOYSEY M, 1972, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V13, P80, DOI 10.2307/2136975 VOYSEY M, 1975, CONSTANT BURDEN WEST P, 1986, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY EPIL NR 16 TC 57 Z9 57 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0141-9889 J9 SOCIOL HEALTH ILL JI Sociol. Health Ill. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1 BP 102 EP 120 DI 10.1111/1467-9566.ep11343802 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences; Sociology GA KH257 UT WOS:A1993KH25700006 ER PT J AU MARK, V AF MARK, V TI THE ARCHAIC ROOTS OF AUTISM SO VOPROSY FILOSOFII LA Russian DT Article CR Bible, GENESIS NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0042-8744 J9 VOP FILOS JI Vopr. Filos. PY 1993 IS 12 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA MP399 UT WOS:A1993MP39900008 ER PT J AU HOLTTUM, JR MINSHEW, NJ SANDERS, RS PHILLIPS, NE AF HOLTTUM, JR MINSHEW, NJ SANDERS, RS PHILLIPS, NE TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF THE POSTERIOR-FOSSA IN AUTISM SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID STEM EVOKED-RESPONSES; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDHOOD; DYSFUNCTION; HYPOPLASIA; DISORDERS; SIZE AB The brainstem-cerebellar circuitry has been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism for several decades. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the posterior fossa have reported various abnormalities, the most noteworthy of which has been selective hypoplasia of the neocerebellar vermis. However, these initial MRI studies are limited by problems in both subject and control selection. The present study was undertaken to further investigate these MRI findings and the role of the cerebellum in autism, taking into consideration these methodologic issues. Eighteen high-functioning autistic subjects were recruited and matched with 18 normal controls on the basis of age, gender, IQ, race and socioeconomic status (SES). The midsagittal areas of the cerebellar vermis, vermal lobes, and the fourth ventricle were measured on 3 mm contiguous magnetic resonance images. Mean areas and standard deviations were comparable for all regions of interest and no statistically significant between-group differences were found. These negative findings argue against theories of autism based on gross structural abnormalities of the cerebellum. Previous reports of posterior fossa abnormalities may be related to technical and methodological factors, based on comparison of extant literature and recently available normative data. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,3811 OHARA ST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. CR ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 ARNDT S, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V40, P79 BARTKO JJ, 1966, PSYCHOL REP, V19, P3 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN ML, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P190 BAUMAN M L, 1989, Neurology, V39, P186 BAUMAN M L, 1990, Neurology, V40, P359 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 COURCHESNE E, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V61, P491, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(85)90967-8 CREASEY J, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V32, P669 FEIN D, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531513 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P181, DOI 10.1007/BF01531818 HARCHERIK DF, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P731 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V2, P753 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P774 MINSHEW N J, 1990, Neurology, V40, P173 MINSHEW NJ, IN PRESS INNOVATIONS MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 NOVICK B, 1979, PSYCHIAT RES, V1, P101, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90034-9 ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 ORNITZ EM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P1018 ORNITZ EM, 1975, BRAIN RES, V92, P490, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90336-4 ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V19, P22 ORNITZ EM, 1980, AUDIOLOGY, V19, P245 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PRIOR MR, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P482 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1969, NEUROLOGY, V19, P653 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 ROSENBLUM SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P215, DOI 10.1007/BF02408472 RUMSEY JM, 1984, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V19, P1403 SCHAEFER GB, 1991, J CHILD NEUROL, V6, P15, DOI 10.1177/088307389100600103 SKOFF BF, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V2, P157, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90072-4 STUDENT M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P13, DOI 10.1007/BF01550274 TANGUAY PE, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P174 MEDRAD IMAGE MANAGEM NR 47 TC 89 Z9 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1091 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA KG100 UT WOS:A1992KG10000004 PM 1477189 ER PT J AU HASHIMOTO, T MURAKAWA, K MIYAZAKI, M TAYAMA, M KURODA, Y AF HASHIMOTO, T MURAKAWA, K MIYAZAKI, M TAYAMA, M KURODA, Y TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF THE BRAIN STRUCTURES IN THE POSTERIOR-FOSSA IN RETARDED AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; BRAIN STEM; CEREBELLUM; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MENTAL RETARDATION ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; SUBCORTICAL ABNORMALITIES; HYPOPLASIA AB Midsagittal magnetic resonance images of the brains of retarded autistic children were compared to those of non-autistic mental retardation patients and controls. We found that the whole brain stem and particularly two of its components (the midbrain and medulla oblongata) were significantly smaller in retarded autistic children and mental retardation cases than in control children. The pons area was significantly smaller in mental retardation cases as compared to control children but did not differ between autistic and control children. Moreover, there was no difference in the brain stem between retarded autistic children and mental retardation cases. We also noted no difference in the cerebellar vermis area among retarded autistic children, mental retardation cases and control children. The ratio of the midbrain to posterior fossa area was significantly smaller only in autistic patients. Although the significance of these results is unknown, further examination of autistic children with a normal IQ is necessary. RP HASHIMOTO, T (reprint author), UNIV TOKUSHIMA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,18-15 KURAMOTOCHO 3,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BRENNER E, 1983, NEUROSCI LETT, V42, P13, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90414-7 Brodal A, 1981, NEUROLOGICAL ANATOMY, V3rd Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO Cooper JR, 1978, BIOCH BASIS NEUROPHA COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GEYER MA, 1976, BRAIN RES, V106, P257, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(76)91024-6 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 HASHIMOTO T, 1986, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V8, P428 HASHIMOTO T, 1990, NO TO HATTATSU S, V22, pS196 HASHIMOTO T, 1991, J EXP MED, V38, P15 HIER DB, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531531 HSU M, 1991, PEDIATRICS S, V87, P781 IESHIMA A, 1984, NEURORADIOLOGY, V26, P493 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 MAKITA K, 1972, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V39, P237 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P774 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 MURAKAWA K, 1991, NO TO HATTATSU TOK S, V23, pS218 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P148 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 THIVIERGE J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1609 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1030 EP 1034 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12169.x PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KM631 UT WOS:A1992KM63100018 PM 1290848 ER PT J AU MALMGREN, H GUSTAVSON, KH WAHLSTROM, J ARPIHENRIKSSON, I BENSCH, J PETTERSSON, U DAHL, N AF MALMGREN, H GUSTAVSON, KH WAHLSTROM, J ARPIHENRIKSSON, I BENSCH, J PETTERSSON, U DAHL, N TI INFANTILE-AUTISM FRAGILE-X - MOLECULAR FINDINGS SUPPORT GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; FMR-1 GENE; MUTATIONS ID DNA; MULTICENTER; INSTABILITY AB Twenty-two members of 18 families with autism have been examined for the presence of mutations and abnormal methylation in the FMR-1 region at Xq27.3. All patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria of infantile autism. A characteristic pattern of insertion and methylation were detected after Southern blot analysis in 7 autistic individuals expressing the fragile site at Xq27.3. Normal DNA patterns were observed in 15 autistic boys cytogenetically negative for the fragile site. The results indicate a lack of involvement of the FMR-1 region in infantile autists negative for fragile X expression. C1 UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT CLIN GENET & PEDIAT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA,CTR BIOMED,DEPT MED GENET,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. OSTRA HOSP,DEPT CLIN GENET,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CTY HOSP KARLSTAD,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,KARLSTAD,SWEDEN. OREBRO MED CTR HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,OREBRO,SWEDEN. RP DAHL, N (reprint author), UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT CLIN GENET & PEDIAT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CR BELL MV, 1991, CELL, V64, P861, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90514-Y BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FU YH, 1991, CELL, V67, P1047, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90283-5 HEITZ D, 1991, SCIENCE, V251, P1236, DOI 10.1126/science.2006411 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KREMER EJ, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1711, DOI 10.1126/science.1675488 MALMGREN H, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P268, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430142 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 RAPIN I, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P710 ROUSSEAU F, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1673, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199112123252401 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H VINCENT A, 1991, NATURE, V349, P624, DOI 10.1038/349624a0 WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1462 YU S, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1179, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1179 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 44 IS 6 BP 830 EP 833 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320440624 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA KC517 UT WOS:A1992KC51700023 PM 1481857 ER PT J AU ROSSETTIGSELL, V AF ROSSETTIGSELL, V TI IMAGES OF THE ARCHETYPAL MOTHER IN EARLY-DISTURBED CHILDREN SO ANALYTISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE LA German DT Article AB The paper deals with psychotherapy of severely disturbed children (psychoses, borderline personality, autism, eating disorders). During treatment, again and again three types of archetypal mother images evolve: I call them mother/world, mother/belly, and mother/breast or symbiotic mother. Their negative as well as positive aspects strongly influence the personal transference/countertransference dynamic, In this paper, I focus on the archetypal aspect and the symbolic manifestations. CR BETTELHEIM B, 1984, GEBURT SELBST DIECKMANN H, 1989, ANAL PSYCHOL, V20, P180 FORDHAM M, 1976, SELF AUTISM, P41 FORDHAM M, 1988, JUNGIAN CHILD PSYCHO, P43 GIERAKRAPP M, 1988, ANAL PSYCHOL, V19, P26 GORDON R, 1989, ANAL PSYCHOL, V20, P125 JUNG CG, 1979, GESAMMELTE WERKE, V16 KALFF D, 1974, IL GIOCO SABBI, P21 NEUMANN E, 1980, KIND, P37 SEGAL H, 1974, M KLEIN, P47 WINNICOT DW, 1973, THERAPEUTISCHE ARBEI, pR26 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-3006 J9 ANAL PSYCHOL JI Anal. Psychol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 23 IS 4 BP 286 EP 300 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA KC493 UT WOS:A1992KC49300003 ER PT J AU NADEL, J AF NADEL, J TI AUTISM, REEVALUATION OF CONCEPTS AND TREATMENT - FRENCH - RUTTER,M, SCHOPLER,E SO ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR RUTTER M, 1991, AUTISME UNE REEVALUA NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0003-5033 J9 ANN PSYCHOL JI Annee Psychol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 92 IS 4 BP 630 EP 630 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA KQ280 UT WOS:A1992KQ28000049 ER PT J AU HEIMANN, M ULLSTADIUS, E DAHLGREN, SO GILLBERG, C AF HEIMANN, M ULLSTADIUS, E DAHLGREN, SO GILLBERG, C TI IMITATION IN AUTISM - A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH NOTE SO BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; IMITATION; INFANTS; PRELIMINARY STUDY; PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SYMBOLIC PLAY; LANGUAGE; BEHAVIOR; SYMPTOMS; MIND; AGE AB Previous studies have claimed that children with autism are poor imitators and a lack of imitative capacity has been included by some investigators as one early sign of autism. Presented here are results from a pilot study focusing on observed imitation after presenting 15 tasks to five children with autism (mental age 25-51 months). Imitation tasks involving simple object manipulation, vocal responses, facial and manual gestures, and object substitution were presented to each child. The performance of the children with autism is compared with (1) three normal 4-year-old children (for all 15 tasks), and (2) observations from 28 healthy 1-year-olds (for 10 of the tasks used). The findings indicate that the autistic group displayed the highest level of imitation on object manipulation and vocal tasks while object substitution, facial, and motor imitation acts seemed to be difficult for children with autism. However, the small number of children included as well as the individual variation observed among the autistic subjects precludes any definite conclusions from these pilot observations. It is hypothesized that imitation in children with autism has to be studied separately for different domains and probably also for different subgroups within the autistic population. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UNIV GOTEBORG,DEPT PSYCHOL,S-40020 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR ALINAKERMAN B, 1980, GRIFFITHS UTVECKLING BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS BELSKY J, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P630, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.17.5.630 BERGES J, 1965, CLIN DEV MED BLOOM L, 1974, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V6, P380, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(74)90018-8 DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 DAWSON G, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU DAWSON G, 1987, BIENNIAL M SOC RES C DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 FIELD TM, 1982, DEV NONVERBAL BEHAVI FORD RA, 1989, PSYCHOL MED, V19, P627 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x Griffiths R., 1954, ABILITIES BABIES HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 HEIMANN M, 1991, BIENNIAL M SOC RES C HEIMANN M, 1986, GOTEBORG PSYCHOL REP, V16 HEIMANN M, 1989, SCAND J PSYCHOL, V30, P90, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1989.tb01072.x HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LOVAAS OI, 1967, BEHAV RES THER, V5, P171, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(67)90032-0 MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x NADEL J, 1989, 4TH WORLD C WORLD AS NELSON KE, 1985, LINGUISTICS, V23 NELSON KE, 1989, MANY FACES IMITATION OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 Ritvo S, 1953, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V8, P155 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 SAUVAGE D, 1987, ANN PSYCHIATRIE, V3, P418 SHAPIRO R, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P373 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 Speidel Gisela E., 1989, MANY FACES IMITATION WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0953-4180 J9 BEHAV NEUROL JI Behav. Neurol. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA KQ348 UT WOS:A1992KQ34800004 PM 24487807 ER PT J AU BARONCOHEN, S ALLEN, J GILLBERG, C AF BARONCOHEN, S ALLEN, J GILLBERG, C TI CAN AUTISM BE DETECTED AT 18 MONTHS - THE NEEDLE, THE HAYSTACK, AND THE CHAT SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Note ID CHILDREN AB Autism is currently detected only at about three years of age. This study aimed to establish if detection of autism was possible at 1 8 months of age. We screened 41 18-month-old toddlers who were at high genetic risk for developing autism, and 50 randomly selected 18-month-olds, using a new instrument, the CHAT, administered by GPs or health visitors. More than 80% of the randomly selected 18-month-old toddlers passed on all items, and nons failed on more than one of pretend play, protodeclarative pointing, joint-attention, social interest, and social play. Four children in the high-risk group failed on two or more of these five key types of behaviour. At follow-up at 30 months of age, the 87 children who had passed four or more of these key types of behaviour at 18 months of age had continued to develop normally. The four toddlers who had failed on two or more of these key types of behaviour at 18 months received a diagnosis of autism by 30 months. C1 UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. WIMBLEDON VILLAGE PRACTICE,LONDON SW19 5BY,ENGLAND. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP BARONCOHEN, S (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 Butterworth G., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN FIRTH U, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE FOLSTEIN S, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GOODHART F, 1992, UNPUB MANY WAYS POIN LESLIE A., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x VOLKMAR FR, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P1450 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 14 TC 339 Z9 352 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD DEC PY 1992 VL 161 BP 839 EP 843 DI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA KD543 UT WOS:A1992KD54300016 PM 1483172 ER PT J AU HOBSON, RP AF HOBSON, RP TI AUTISM AND ASPERGERS SYNDROME - FRITH,U SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP HOBSON, RP (reprint author), TAVISTOCK CLIN,DEPT ADULT,DEV PSYCHOPATHOL RES UNIT,LONDON NW3 5BA,ENGLAND. CR Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGERS SYN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD DEC PY 1992 VL 161 BP 872 EP 872 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA KD543 UT WOS:A1992KD54300048 ER PT J AU SCIFO, R AF SCIFO, R TI ROLE OF OPIOIDS IN AUTISM - A BRIDGE BETWEEN NEUROSCIENCES, PSYCHOANALYSIS AND COGNITIVE-PSYCHOLOGY SO GIORNALE DI NEUROPSICHIATRIA DELL ETA EVOLUTIVA LA Italian DT Review ID BETA-ENDORPHIN; NALTREXONE; BEHAVIOR; MORPHINE; FLUID; RATS AB The author expounds the theory according to which etiopathogenesis of infantile autism is to be searched in a dysfunction of opioid system. The many experimental and clinical evidences for this theory are stated. Alterations of neurotransmittorial and neuromodulatory dynamic seem to influence the behaviour in several and complex ways. The influence of environmental factors in regulating the tone of endogenous opioid is more and more evident. The author speculates on the possibility of a double interpretation of datas resulted from researches in this field. An attempt of integration between the hypothesis on autism from research in neuroscience and those of psycoanalytical trend is made, with some considerations which may concern also cognitive psychology. C1 OASI,IRCCS,SERV NPI,I-94018 TROINA,ITALY. CR BETTELHEIM B, 1976, FORTEZZA VUOTA BOWLBY J, 1972, ATTACCAMENTO PEFBASI CAMPBELL M, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P299 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 CSONTOS K, 1979, LIFE SCI, V25, P835, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90541-1 GAUTRAY JP, 1977, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V129, P211 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 Goodman R.R., 1983, P827 GRIMM VE, 1987, INT J NEUROSCI, V35, P65 LEBOYER M, 1988, LANCET, V1, P715 MAHLER M.S., 1972, PSICOSI INFANTILI MARCHETTI B, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P346 MAYER DJ, 1975, SCIENCE, V188, P941, DOI 10.1126/science.1094537 NAJAM N, 1989, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V33, P539, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(89)90383-3 OLIVERIO A, 1990, ACTS C EXPT PSYCHOL, P53 PANKSEPP J, 1980, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V4, P473, DOI 10.1016/0149-7634(80)90036-6 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PANLKSEPP J, 1983, APPLIED ANIMAL ETHOL, V10, P63 REICHELT KL, 1990, BETACASOMORPHINS REL, P163 SCIFO R, 1991, IN PRESS POSTERS NEU SCIFO R, 1991, IN PRESS BRAIN DYSFU SHATTOCK P, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P328 TUSTIN F, 1983, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL TUSTIN F, 1987, PSICHIATRIA INFANZIA, V54, P607 WATSON SJ, 1977, LIFE SCI, V21, P733, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(77)90083-2 WEIZMAN R, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V82, P368, DOI 10.1007/BF00427687 WINNICOTT D, 1975, DALLA PEDIATRIA PSIC ZAGON IS, 1984, LIFE SCI, V35, P2057, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90563-0 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MASSON DIVISIONE PERIODICI PI MILAN PA VIA FRATELLI BRESSAN 2, 20126 MILAN, ITALY SN 0392-4483 J9 GIORN NEUROPSI EVOL JI G. Neuropsichiatr. Evol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP 351 EP 355 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA KD489 UT WOS:A1992KD48900005 ER PT J AU LEWY, AL DAWSON, G AF LEWY, AL DAWSON, G TI SOCIAL STIMULATION AND JOINT ATTENTION IN YOUNG AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE; MOTHERS; PEERS AB The present study was designed to examine the effects of social stimulation on the joint attention behavior of 20 autistic children under 6 years of age, 20 receptive language-matched Down syndrome children, and 20 receptive language matched-normally-developing infants. Children's social and non-social engagement states were measured during two experimental play sessions and during free play with parent. For all groups, joint attention was increased when adult play behavior closely followed and was contingent on the behavior of the children; however, the autistic children were significantly less responsive to the experimental manipulation than control subjects. In contrast, the autistic children were no less responsive in terms of other forms of social engagement. Results are interpreted as supporting a model of joint attention deficits in autism that involves factors inherent to the disorder in transaction with social context. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,CIVITAN INT RES CTR,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PSYCHOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP LEWY, AL (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PSYCHOL,POB 313,UAB STN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. CR ADAMSON LB, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P582, DOI 10.2307/1129748 BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BAKEMAN R, 1986, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V9, P215, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(86)90030-5 BRUNER J, 1982, SOCIAL INTERCHANGE I COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS IMPAIRMENT DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 DAWSON G, 1989, AUTISM PERSPECTIVES Dawson G., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P151, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000675 TOMASELLO M, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P1454, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00470.x FERRARA C, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02408432 GROFERKLINGER L, 1992, PERSPECTIVES COMMUNI Hedrick D. L., 1984, SEQUENCED INVENTORY Hobson R. P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P197, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000390 HUTT C, 1964, NATURE, V204, P908, DOI 10.1038/204908a0 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SPARROW SS, 1986, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 NR 22 TC 83 Z9 83 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 20 IS 6 BP 555 EP 566 DI 10.1007/BF00911240 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KB667 UT WOS:A1992KB66700003 PM 1487596 ER PT J AU TURNBULL, J AF TURNBULL, J TI LIVING AND WORKING WITH AUTISM - AREND,LL SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING LA English DT Book Review RP TURNBULL, J (reprint author), PRINCESS MARINA HOSP,NORTHAMPTON,ENGLAND. CR AREND LL, 1992, LIVING WORKING AUTIS NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0309-2402 J9 J ADV NURS JI J. Adv. Nurs. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1505 EP 1505 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA KE310 UT WOS:A1992KE31000023 ER PT J AU CHARLOP, MH KURTZ, PF MILSTEIN, JP AF CHARLOP, MH KURTZ, PF MILSTEIN, JP TI TOO MUCH REINFORCEMENT, TOO LITTLE BEHAVIOR - ASSESSING TASK INTERSPERSAL PROCEDURES IN CONJUNCTION WITH DIFFERENT REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES WITH AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; TASK INTERSPERSAL; REINFORCEMENT ID MAINTENANCE TASKS; ACQUISITION AB Task interspersal procedures have been quite effective in increasing autistic children's motivation to learn. These procedures have typically demonstrated that the inclusion of reinforced maintenance tasks (previously learned tasks) increases responding to new acquisition tasks because more reinforcers, in general, are available. However, studies have not specifically addressed the effects of various schedules of reinforcement, used in conjunction with task interspersal procedures, upon response acquisition. In the present study, a multiple baseline design across subjects was used to assess different reinforcement schedules. Five autistic children participated in learning sessions, during which trials of an acquisition task were interspersed with trials of three maintenance tasks. Correct responses to acquisition tasks were continuously reinforced throughout all conditions, while the reinforcement schedule for competent performance of maintenance tasks differed systematically. Results indicated that all children learned the new tasks when food reinforcers were presented only for acquisition tasks. Results are discussed in terms of behavioral contrast and improving the effectiveness of motivation-enhancing procedures for autistic children. C1 CLAREMONT GRAD SCH,CLAREMONT,CA 91711. RP CHARLOP, MH (reprint author), CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,CLAREMONT,CA 91711, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Catania A., 1984, LEARNING CHARLOP MH, 1983, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V11, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF00914244 DUNLAP G, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P619, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-619 DUNLAP G, 1984, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V37, P41, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90057-2 FAVELL JE, 1991, 17TH ANN C ASS BEH A Ferster C.B., 1957, SCHEDULES REINFORCEM GOODRICH KP, 1960, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V53, P245, DOI 10.1037/h0045984 HORNER R, 1988, 1ST NIDDR ANN C NON KINTSCH W, 1962, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V55, P882, DOI 10.1037/h0043377 KOEGEL LK, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P425, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-425 KOEGEL RL, 1979, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V88, P418, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.88.4.418 KRAELING D, 1961, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V54, P560, DOI 10.1037/h0040833 LOVAAS OI, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P131, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-131 MCGEE GG, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-147 NEEF NA, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P153, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-153 Ritvo E. M., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P162 SCHREIBMAN L, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P453, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-453 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 TARPY RM, 1975, BASIC PRINCIPLES LEA NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 25 IS 4 BP 795 EP 808 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-795 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA KD442 UT WOS:A1992KD44200003 PM 1478903 ER PT J AU SASSO, GM REIMERS, TM COOPER, LJ WACKER, D BERG, W STEEGE, M KELLY, L ALLAIRE, A AF SASSO, GM REIMERS, TM COOPER, LJ WACKER, D BERG, W STEEGE, M KELLY, L ALLAIRE, A TI USE OF DESCRIPTIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSES TO IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES OF ABERRANT BEHAVIOR IN SCHOOL SETTINGS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; CLASSROOM ANALYSIS ID CHILDREN; PARENTS; ESCAPE; SPEECH AB We conducted descriptive and experimental analyses of aberrant behavior in school settings with 2 children with autism, using teachers as assessors. Experimental functional analyses carried out by the investigators were followed by training teachers to conduct a descriptive analysis and a classroom experimental analysis. A comparison of the assessment procedures showed that each procedure identified negative reinforcement as a maintaining variable for aberrant behavior. The teacher implemented an intervention based on the assessment with mixed results. We then replicated the initial results by having the first teacher train a second teacher to carry out the two assessment procedures. The results of these analyses were also in agreement, again identifying negative reinforcement as a variable maintaining aberrant behavior. An intervention based on negative reinforcement was then successfully implemented. These results suggest the applicability and utility of functional analyses carried out in school settings. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP OMAHA,OMAHA,NE. CREIGHTON UNIV,OMAHA,NE 68178. UNIV SO MAINE,PORTLAND,ME 04103. RP SASSO, GM (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,N277 LINDQUIST CTR,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. CR AXELROD S, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P31, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-31 AXELROD S, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P165, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90001-1 BIJOU SW, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P175, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-175 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 CARR EG, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P101, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-101 CATALDO MF, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P83, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-83 COOPER LJ, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P285, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-285 DURAND VM, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P99 EPSTEIN LH, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P407, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-407 Iwata B. A., 1990, PERSPECTIVES USE NON, P301 IWATA BA, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P11, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-11 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 MACE FC, 1992, ASSESSMENT ANAL TREA, P122 MACE FC, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P155, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90004-C MACE FC, 1986, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V17, P285 MACE FC, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P553, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-553 NORTHUP J, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P509, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-509 PAISEY JH, 1990, PERSPECTIVES USE NON, P175 REIMERS TM, 1991, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V13, P53, DOI 10.1300/J019v13n02_04 Ritvo E. M., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P162 SASSO GM, 1988, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V3, P1 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STRAIN PS, 1978, BEHAV MODIF, V2, P403, DOI 10.1177/014544557823006 TOUCHETTE PE, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P343, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-343 WACKER DP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417 NR 25 TC 122 Z9 122 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 25 IS 4 BP 809 EP 821 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-809 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA KD442 UT WOS:A1992KD44200004 PM 1478904 ER PT J AU RUTTER, M SCHOPLER, E AF RUTTER, M SCHOPLER, E TI CLASSIFICATION OF PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS - SOME CONCEPTS AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC-DIAGNOSIS; FRAGILE-X; AUTISM; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN AB Classifications have to meet a variety of purposes. Clinical and research needs are different and there is much to be said for separate clinical and research schemes. Care is needed to ensure that classifications provide an appropriate medium for teaching about diagnosis and do not cause difficulties when used as a ''passport'' to resources. Principles of classification are considered in relation to the need to take course, as well as symptomatology, into account, and with respect to the neuropsychiatric interface. The value of a multiaxial approach is noted. The pros and cons of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) as an overall descriptive term, of lumping or splitting, and of different choices with respect to PDD subcategories are discussed. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV TEACCH ADM & RES,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP RUTTER, M (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013 CR AMAN MG, 1982, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V3, P345, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(82)80002-7 American Psychiatric Association, 1991, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAILEY A, 1991, PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS, V2 BAIRD G, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P363 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BIRD HR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P847, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198911000-00006 BOLTON P, 1992, UNPUB FRAGILE X FAMI BOLTON P, 1991, PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS, V2 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 CORBETT J, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P211, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00433.x DAVIES K, 1991, NATURE, V351, P439 FOMBONNE E, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P563, DOI 10.1007/BF01046328 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P651, DOI 10.1007/BF01046333 Goodman R, 1991, BIOL RISK FACTORS PS, P20 HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 HORN G, 1990, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V329, P133, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1990.0158 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KENDLER KS, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P969 Mawhood L., 1991, BIOL RISK FACTORS PS, P233 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Plomin R., 1991, BIOL RISK FACTORS PS, P101 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 RUTTER M, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P408 RUTTER M, 1992, SPECIFIC SPEECH LANG RUTTER M, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V10, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02067.x Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1965, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V6, P71, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1965.tb02229.x RUTTER M, 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P304 RUTTER M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01537622 RUTTER M, 1975, EVALUATION PROPOSAL RUTTER M, 1978, ADV BIOL PSYCHIAT, V2, P22 RUTTER M, 1970, ED HLTH BEHAVIOR SCADDING JG, 1982, PSYCHOL MED, V12, P207 SCADDING JG, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V20, P425 SCHOPLER E, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P507 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046325 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 TARJAN G, 1972, AM J PSYCHIAT, V128, P34 TSAI LY, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P551, DOI 10.1007/BF01046327 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P493 VANGOORLAMBO G, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P229 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF01046323 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1171, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00358.x VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P657, DOI 10.1007/BF01046334 WATERHOUSE L, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF01046326 WEISSMAN MM, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P789, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199009000-00019 WERRY JS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF01046330 *WHO, 1990, DIAGN CRIT RES, pCH5 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P19 World Health Organziation, 1992, ICD10 CLASS MENT BEH NR 58 TC 64 Z9 66 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 459 EP 482 DI 10.1007/BF01046322 PG 24 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300001 PM 1483971 ER PT J AU VOLKMAR, FR CICCHETTI, DV BREGMAN, J COHEN, DJ AF VOLKMAR, FR CICCHETTI, DV BREGMAN, J COHEN, DJ TI 3 DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS FOR AUTISM - DSM-III, DSM-III-R, AND ICD-10 SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CRITERIA; CLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; CHILDREN AB ICD-10 draft research criteria for childhood autism were applied to a previously published data set comparing DSM-III and DSM-III-R to clinicians' diagnoses of autism The ICD-10 approach paralleled clinicians' patterns of diagnosis and, to a lesser extent, the DSM-III system. Relative to either clinicians, DSM-III, or ICD-10 the DSM-III-R system overdiagnosed the presence of autism. Implications for research and for future revision of diagnostic criteria are discussed. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,W HAVEN,CT 06516. RP VOLKMAR, FR (reprint author), YALE UNIV,CTR CHILD STUDY,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P158, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60221-1 FACTOR DC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P637, DOI 10.1007/BF02212862 HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01537622 Rutter M., 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4, P775 Siegel S., 1988, NONPARAMETRIC STATIS SPITZER RL, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P773 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P657, DOI 10.1007/BF01046334 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V11, P249 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 World Health Organisation, 1990, INT CLASS DIS World Health Organization, 1987, INT CLASS DIS 1978, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V8, P162 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1007/BF01046323 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300002 PM 1483972 ER PT J AU VANBOURGONDIEN, ME MARCUS, LM SCHOPLER, E AF VANBOURGONDIEN, ME MARCUS, LM SCHOPLER, E TI COMPARISON OF DSM-III-R AND CHILDHOOD AUTISM RATING-SCALE DIAGNOSES OF AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDER AB The purpose of this study was to clarify the issue of whether DSM-III-R (American Psychological Association [APA], 1987) over- or underdiagnoses autism by comparing this diagnostic system to a well-established objective measure of diagnosis, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). A secondary goal was to determine which of the 16 criteria are the best discriminators of autism DSM-III-R, CARS, and clinical diagnoses of 138 consecutive admissions to a statewide program for the diagnosis and treatment of autistic and related communication-handicapped individuals (Division TEACCH in North Carolina) were compared. Results indicated a generally high degree of agreement on the diagnosis of autism using the three systems. Within this treatment-oriented program, the CARS and clinical ratings diagnosed a greater number of cases as autistic than did the DSM-III-R criteria, suggesting that DSM-III-R slightly underdiagnosed autism. The criteria that most strongly related to the diagnosis of autism regardless of the system were lack of awareness of others, abnormal social play, an impaired ability to make friends, abnormal nonverbal communication, stereotypic body movements, and restricted range of interests. RP VANBOURGONDIEN, ME (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV TEACCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. CR Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Creak M., 1964, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V6, P530 FLEISS JL, 1973, STATISTICAL METHODS HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 MARCUS LM, IN PRESS HDB CHILDHO MESIBOV G, 1988, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES, V4 MESIBOV GB, 1992, DEV DISORDERS DIAGNO, P69 MORGAN S, 1988, J PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL, V6, P139, DOI 10.1177/073428298800600205 PARKS SL, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT RUTTER M, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SCHOPLER E, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531530 SCHOPLER E, 1989, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES, V1 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1983, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V6, P93 SCHOPLER E, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P507 SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STUTSMAN R, 1942, MERRILL PALMER SCALE VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 1978, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V8, P162 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 493 EP 506 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300003 PM 1483973 ER PT J AU SZATMARI, P AF SZATMARI, P TI A REVIEW OF THE DSM-III-R CRITERIA FOR AUTISTIC DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEWS AB The objective of this paper is to review the psychometric properties of the new DSM-III-R criteria for autism. Five data sets were evaluated according to a set of methodological criteria. The results indicate that the DSM-III-R criteria for autistic disorder have, on average, very good sensitivity, but much lower specificity. The implications of this are (a) greater numbers of children diagnosed as autistic, (b) greater numbers of children misdiagnosed as autistic; and (c) greater heterogeneity among samples of autistic children. In essence, the DSM-III-R criteria act more like screening tests than diagnostic criteria. Conceptual and methodologic issues in the evaluation of diagnostic criteria are discussed. RP SZATMARI, P (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV,CHEDOKE MCMASTER HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PATTERSON BLDG,BOX 2000,STN A,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BENDER L, 1947, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V17, P40 BOYLE MH, 1992, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY BRUNSHAW JM, 1988, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V33, P474 CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 Creak E. M., 1961, CEREBRAL PALSY B, V3, P501 DENCKLA MB, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60229-6 FACTOR DC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P637, DOI 10.1007/BF02212862 FEINSTEIN AR, 1977, PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSI Galen RS, 1975, NORMALITY PREDICTIVE HERTZIG M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V29, P123 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Ritvo E. R., 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P146, DOI [10.1093/jpepsy/2.4.146, DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.146] ROBINS LN, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P918 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C Sackett DL, 1985, CLIN EPIDEMIOLOGY BA SHROUT PE, 1981, WHAT IS CASE SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 SPITZER RL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P855, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00003 SPITZNAGEL EL, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P725 SZATMARI P, 1989, M AM ACADEMY CHILD A SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P190, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60226-0 WALTER SD, 1988, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V41, P923, DOI 10.1016/0895-4356(88)90110-2 WATERHOUSE L, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF01046326 World Health Organisation, 1978, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 507 EP 523 DI 10.1007/BF01046325 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300004 PM 1483974 ER PT J AU WATERHOUSE, L WING, L SPITZER, R SIEGEL, B AF WATERHOUSE, L WING, L SPITZER, R SIEGEL, B TI PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS - FROM DSM-III TO DSM-III-R SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; DEFICITS; CRITERIA AB The present paper provides a brief history of the development of the DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1987) section on Pervasive Developmental Disorders. It describes the process by which the contents of the text and criteria for Autistic Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified were decided and gives the reasons for the changes from DSM-III (APA, 1980) categories and criteria. The paper concludes with a short discussion of critical diagnostic issues. C1 MRC,LONDON WC1E 6AS,ENGLAND. NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIAT INST & HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP WATERHOUSE, L (reprint author), TRENTON STATE COLL,CHILD BEHAV STUDY,341 HOLMAN HALL,TRENTON,NJ 08650, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1968, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Cantor S., 1988, CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHRE COHEN D, 1977, J AM ACADEMY CHILD A, V16, P604 Cohen D. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 525 EP 549 DI 10.1007/BF01046326 PG 25 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300005 PM 1483975 ER PT J AU TSAI, LY AF TSAI, LY TI IS RETT SYNDROME A SUBTYPE OF PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DEMENTIA; CRITERIA; SCOTLAND; AUTISM AB The author reviews the issue on whether Rett syndrome (RS) is a subtype of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). More than 200 articles of RS have been published in the last 10 years. Internal and external validities of RS have been established by several independent studies. There remains the question whether RS presents clinical features that meet the total criteria for PDDs. The available data seem to support the idea of classifying RS as a subtype of PDDs in the DSM-IV RP TSAI, LY (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT SERV,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BURD L, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P609 CHATTERJEE S, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P85 DETRE T, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P621 FRANCES AJ, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P373 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P499 GOUTIERES F, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P502 GOUTIERES F, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P184 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P372 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P451 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 KERR AM, 1985, BRIT MED J, V291, P579 KERR AM, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P93 MARTIN JB, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V311, P1048, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198410183111611 MOESCHLER JB, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V82, P1 OLSSON B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P281 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 OLSSON B, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P491 PERCY AK, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS65 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 TREVATHAN E, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS6 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF01487267 World Health Organisation, 1988, INT CLASS DIS NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 551 EP 561 DI 10.1007/BF01046327 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300006 PM 1483976 ER PT J AU FOMBONNE, E AF FOMBONNE, E TI DIAGNOSTIC-ASSESSMENT IN A SAMPLE OF AUTISTIC AND DEVELOPMENTALLY IMPAIRED ADOLESCENTS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DSM-III; CHILDREN AB A sample of 43 autistic and developmentally impaired adolescents were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), DSM-III-R criteria, and the clinician's diagnosis. DSM-III-R criteria for autism have low specificity and agree poorly with the other two definitions. Detailed results of the ADI are provided that confirm the usefulness and discriminant validity of this semi-structured diagnostic interview in a sample of very retarded autistic subjects. RP FOMBONNE, E (reprint author), INSERM,CTR ALFRED BINET,76 AVE EDISON,F-75634 PARIS 13,FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 FACTOR DC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P637, DOI 10.1007/BF02212862 FOMBONNE, 1991, HANDICAPS INADAPTATI, V55, P7 FOMBONNE E, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P677, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00343.x FOMBONNE E, 1992, HANDICAPS INADAPTATI, V57, P27 Fombonne E, 1989, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V52, P12 FOMBONNE E, 1990, 12TH C INT ASS CHILD HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 LEBOVICI S, 1978, DEVENIR PSYCHOSE ENF LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lotter V., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P475 MISES R, 1988, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V31, P67 Paul R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P121 RIVIERE P, 1980, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V28, P117 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPITZER RL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P855, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00003 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 *WHO, 1988, ICD10 1988 DRAFT CAT, pCH5 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 563 EP 581 DI 10.1007/BF01046328 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300007 PM 1483977 ER PT J AU SZATMARI, P AF SZATMARI, P TI THE VALIDITY OF AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS - A LITERATURE-REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; NORTH-DAKOTA; CHILDREN AB The objective of this literature review is to assess the validity of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty papers were identified that adequately investigated the internal or external validity of various subtypes of ASD. At least three groups can be distinguished from autism on clinical grounds; an Asperger syndrome subtype, and two atypical subtypes characterized by low IQ and high IQ. However, the evidence that these clinical distinctions carry inferences with respect to etiology, clinical course, and treatment is only suggestive. Nevertheless, the specification of several ASD subtypes might promote further research and resolve many of the nosologic issues with respect to the classification of pervasive developmental-disorders (PDDs). RP SZATMARI, P (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV,CHEDOKE MCMASTER HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOX 2000,STN A,PATTERSON BLDG,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BARON M, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1437 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BOYLE MH, 1992, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P700, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198709000-00014 CANTWELL DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02212715 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 FEINSTEIN AR, 1977, PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSI FISHER W, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P704, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198709000-00015 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 GILLBERG C, 1982, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V23, P131, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00058.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x PAUL R, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P525, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00002 PAULS DL, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P1180 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 PRIOR M, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P71, DOI 10.1007/BF01537973 RESCORLA L, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P475, DOI 10.1007/BF02211868 RESCORLA LA, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P162, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60222-3 ROBINS E, 1970, AM J PSYCHIAT, V126, P983 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 RUTTEER M, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P497 Rutter M., 1978, ADV BIOL PSYCHIAT, V2, P2 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SKINNER HA, 1981, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V90, P68, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.90.1.68 SPARROW SS, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V25, P180 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 TANTAM D, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P783, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.6.783 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x TSAI L, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P551 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P191 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 WATERHOUSE L, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF01046326 *WHO, 1988, CLIN DESCR DIAGN GUI, pCH5 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb01704.x NR 48 TC 70 Z9 70 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 583 EP 600 DI 10.1007/BF01046329 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300008 PM 1483978 ER PT J AU VOLKMAR, FR AF VOLKMAR, FR TI CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER - ISSUES FOR DSM-IV SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; RETT-SYNDROME; HELLER DEMENTIA; AUTISM; PSYCHOSIS; DISEASE; AGE AB Childhood disintegrative disorder, also known as Heller syndrome or as disintegrative psychosis, is a relatively uncommon condition which has variably been included in official diagnostic systems. Available evidence regarding the validity of this diagnostic concept, particularly with regard to autism, supports inclusion of the category in DSM-IV. Proposed criteria and narrative description for the disorder are presented. RP VOLKMAR, FR (reprint author), YALE UNIV,CTR CHILD STUDY,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 625 EP 642 DI 10.1007/BF01046331 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300010 PM 1483980 ER PT J AU GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, LY GHAZIUDDIN, N AF GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, LY GHAZIUDDIN, N TI A REAPPRAISAL OF CLUMSINESS AS A DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE OF ASPERGER SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; LIFELONG ECCENTRICITY; SOCIAL-ISOLATION; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; AUTISM RP GHAZIUDDIN, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN HOSP,TAUBMAN CTR,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BOX 0390,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. 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PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 651 EP 656 DI 10.1007/BF01046333 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300012 PM 1483982 ER PT J AU VOLKMAR, FR CICCHETTI, DV COHEN, DJ BREGMAN, J AF VOLKMAR, FR CICCHETTI, DV COHEN, DJ BREGMAN, J TI DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF DSM-III-R CRITERIA FOR AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note C1 VET ADM MED CTR,W HAVEN,CT 06516. RP VOLKMAR, FR (reprint author), YALE UNIV,CTR CHILD STUDY,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. 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PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1007/BF01046334 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300013 PM 1483983 ER PT J AU LORD, C AF LORD, C TI BIRTH-ORDER EFFECTS ON NONVERBAL IQ IN FAMILIES WITH MULTIPLE INCIDENCE OF AUTISM OR PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter CR FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531816 GUALTIERI T, 1985, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V8, P427 JONES MB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02211816 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 SZATMARI P, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 663 EP 666 DI 10.1007/BF01046335 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KE483 UT WOS:A1992KE48300014 PM 1483984 ER PT J AU EME, RF AF EME, RF TI SELECTIVE FEMALE AFFLICTION IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD - A LITERATURE-REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; SEX-DIFFERENCES; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; IMMUNOREACTIVE THEORY; GENDER DIFFERENCES; GENETIC INFLUENCES; CONDUCT DISORDER; AUTISM; GIRLS AB Reviewed the literature regarding the putative finding that in the developmental disorders of childhood there is the paradox that the sex least frequently affected by a disorder (female) is the relatively more severely afflicted. Two major models that have sought to explain this paradox-the polygenetic multiple-threshold model and the constitutional variability model-are examined in the context of the following disorders: autism, mental retardation, learning disability, conduct disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Only modest support was found for this hypothesis as well as for the respective models. RP EME, RF (reprint author), FOREST INST PROFESS PSYCHOL,200 GLENDALE ST,WHEELING,IL 60090, USA. 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PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 354 EP 364 DI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2104_5 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA KJ150 UT WOS:A1992KJ15000005 ER PT J AU KEENAN, J KASTNER, T NATHANSON, R RICHARDSON, N HINTON, J CRESS, DA AF KEENAN, J KASTNER, T NATHANSON, R RICHARDSON, N HINTON, J CRESS, DA TI A STATEWIDE PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL-EDUCATION PROGRAM ON FRAGILE X SYNDROME SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; MALES; DISABILITY; AUTISM AB Fragile X syndrome is reported to be the most common inherited cause of mental retardation known, but the majority of affected individuals are as yet undiagnosed. The project described in this paper was developed to increase the public and professional awareness of fragile X syndrome in the state of New Jersey. As a result there were increased efforts at diagnostic screening, provision of client and family support services, and prevention. This educational program proved to be a cost-effective method for increasing community awareness of a genetic disease on a state wide level. C1 NEW JERSEY CTR OUTREACH & SERV AUTISM COMMUNITY INC,LAWRENCEVILLE,NJ 08648. RP KEENAN, J (reprint author), MORRISTOWN MEM HOSP,CTR DEV DISABIL,100 MADISON AVE,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07960, USA. 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Retard. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 355 EP 361 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA KD843 UT WOS:A1992KD84300009 PM 1474912 ER PT J AU MOES, D KOEGEL, RL SCHREIBMAN, L LOOS, LM AF MOES, D KOEGEL, RL SCHREIBMAN, L LOOS, LM TI STRESS PROFILES FOR MOTHERS AND FATHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FAMILIES AB Stress profiles in 18 mothers vs 12 fathers of children with autism were compared on three measures, the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress, the Coping Health Inventory for Parents, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Mothers showed significantly more stress than fathers on each inventory, with a pattern suggesting stress may be related to the differing responsibility assigned to child rearing for each parent. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,GRAD SCH EDUC,AUTISM RES CTR,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. CR CAVANAGH J, 1985, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V11, P151 CRNIC KA, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P125 GALLAGHER JJ, 1983, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V50, P10 HENDERSON D, 1992, PSYCHOL REP, V71, P167, DOI 10.2466/PR0.71.5.167-171 Holroyd J., 1974, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V2, P92, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(197401)2:1<92::AID-JCOP2290020133>3.0.CO;2-A Koegel R. L., 1984, PARENT TRAINING FDN, P358 KOEGEL RL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF01058151 McCubbin H. I., 1979, CHIP COPING HLTH INV MILGRAM NA, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02212196 NR 9 TC 66 Z9 68 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1272 EP 1274 DI 10.2466/PR0.71.8.1272-1274 PN 2 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA KE168 UT WOS:A1992KE16800045 PM 1480714 ER PT J AU ZAGON, IS GIBO, DM MCLAUGHLIN, PJ AF ZAGON, IS GIBO, DM MCLAUGHLIN, PJ TI ONTOGENY OF ZETA (ZETA), THE OPIOID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR, IN THE RAT-BRAIN SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OPIOID RECEPTOR; NERVOUS SYSTEM; ENKEPHALIN; GROWTH; DEVELOPMENT; CEREBELLUM; BRAIN; ZETA (ZETA) RECEPTOR; CANCER; MENTAL RETARDATION; OPIOID ANTAGONIST; NALTREXONE; AUTISM; SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR; SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME ID CHRONIC NALTREXONE TREATMENT; REGULATE CELL-PROLIFERATION; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; OPIATE BINDING-SITES; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; CEREBELLAR CORTEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BETA-ENDORPHIN; ENKEPHALIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY; ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS AB Opioid growth factor (OGF), [Met5]enkephalin, serves as an inhibitory influence on the developing nervous system and is especially targeted to cell proliferative events. OGF interacts with the zeta (zeta) opioid receptor to perform its function. Using [H-3]-[Met5]enkephalin, the ontogeny of the zeta receptor in the whole brain and cerebellum of rats was explored. Specific and saturable binding was recorded at the earliest time sampled, prenatal day 15 (E15). In the whole brain, binding capacity (B.) was two-fold greater at E15 than at E18 and E20. The quantity of zeta receptor appeared to increase in the first postnatal week, reaching a maximum on postnatal day 8. Binding decreased the remainder of the 2nd week and between postnatal days 15 and 25 binding was no longer recorded. In the cerebellum, binding capacity increased from E20 to the 2nd postnatal week, reaching a maximum on postnatal days 8-10. The B(max) of the zeta receptor decreased precipitously on postnatal day 11, being 5.4-fold lower than on postnatal day 10. Between postnatal days 21 and 30, no binding was observed. The binding affinities of the whole brain and cerebellum were 2.3 and 2.7 nM, respectively, and no differences between ages could be detected. Continuous opioid receptor blockade from birth to postnatal day 6 increased body weight, the B(max) of the zeta receptor in the whole brain and cerebellum (but not the K(d)), and increased the number of layers of germinal cells in the cerebellum. These results define the temporal expression of the zeta receptor in the rat brain, as well as some regulatory properties, and support the concept that the zeta opioid receptor is primarily related to the proliferation of cells in the nervous system. RP ZAGON, IS (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,DEPT NEUROSCI & ANAT,HERSHEY,PA 17033, USA. 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PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 596 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(92)91542-M PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JZ907 UT WOS:A1992JZ90700018 PM 1334774 ER PT J AU SMITH, DA PERRY, PJ AF SMITH, DA PERRY, PJ TI NONNEUROLEPTIC TREATMENT OF DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIC MENTAL SYNDROMES SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID BRAIN DISEASE; DOUBLE-BLIND; ASSAULTIVE PATIENTS; HANDICAPPED PATIENTS; RETARDED PATIENTS; BETA-BLOCKERS; LITHIUM; CARBAMAZEPINE; AGGRESSION; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature describing nonneuroleptic treatments of unacceptably disruptive behavior in chronically institutionalized psychiatric patients with mental retardation, autism, organic brain syndrome, and dementia. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles were identified from a MEDLINE search of the above diagnoses linked with "aggression" and "psychomotor agitation." Additional references were found in the bibliographies of these articles. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: The studies reviewed were limited to prospective evaluations of nonneuroleptic drug therapy of these behavior disturbances. Case reports, case series, and retrospective studies were excluded. Studies of patients with schizophrenia, affective disorders, and personality disorders were also excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies of lithium, beta-blockers, carbamazepine, benzodiazepines, and buspirone were adequate for review. As a rule, these studies are hampered by poor design. The lithium studies suggest that mentally retarded patients with behavior disturbances may respond to lithium treatment. The beta-blocker studies suggest improvement in patients with mental retardation, autism, organic brain syndrome, and dementia. Neuroleptic discontinuation or a decrease in dose was possible in some patients. The carbamazepine studies were inconclusive. Carbamazepine should be reserved for patients with concomitant seizure disorders. Benzodiazepines were helpful in treating elderly demented patients. Thus far, buspirone has been evaluated in only a few, poorly designed studies and is not yet recommended for treatment of behavior disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: Legislation has restricted the use of neuroleptics in many patients receiving long-term healthcare. Despite the questionable validity of the studies reviewed, lithium, beta-blockers, carbamazepine, and benzodiazepines may be considered as alternatives to neuroleptics in selected cases. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL PHARM,DIV CLIN PHARM,2271 QUADRANGLE,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1005 EP 1009 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA JU590 UT WOS:A1992JU59000009 PM 1426678 ER PT J AU MIWA, S WATANABE, Y KOSHIMURA, K MASAKI, T AF MIWA, S WATANABE, Y KOSHIMURA, K MASAKI, T TI A NOVEL FUNCTION OF TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN SO FOLIA PHARMACOLOGICA JAPONICA LA Japanese DT Article ID GTP-CYCLOHYDROLASE-I; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE CYCLOHYDROLASE; 6-PYRUVOYL TETRAHYDROPTERIN SYNTHASE; BIOGENIC-AMINE METABOLISM; SEPIAPTERIN REDUCTASE; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; RAT-BRAIN; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CHROMAFFIN CELLS AB 6R-L-erythro-5, 6, 7, 8-Tetrahydrobiopterin (6R-BH4) is known as a cofactor for the hydroxylases of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and also as a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase. Recently, a novel function of 6R-BH4 has been found: that is, 6R-BH4 acts on specific membrane receptors to directly stimulate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, independently of its cofactor activity. In addition, it indirectly stimulates the release of non-monoamine neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and glutamate, through activation of monoaminergic systems. In this paper, we briefly review recent experimental data, which provide new insights into the role of 6R-BH4 as a regulator of neuronal function. We also discuss the possibility of treatment by 6R-BH4 of neuropsychiatric diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression and infantile autism. C1 KYOTO UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,KYOTO 60601,JAPAN. OSAKA BIOSCI INST,SUITA 565,JAPAN. 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Jpn. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 5 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1254/fpj.100.367 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JX454 UT WOS:A1992JX45400001 ER PT J AU HAMER, S AF HAMER, S TI HANDBOOK OF AUTISM - A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS - AARONS,M, GLITTENS,T SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING LA English DT Book Review CR Aarons M., 1992, HDB AUTISM GUIDE PAR NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0309-2402 J9 J ADV NURS JI J. Adv. Nurs. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1388 EP 1388 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA JX856 UT WOS:A1992JX85600019 ER PT J AU BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, K DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, J VANREE, J AF BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, K DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, J VANREE, J TI THE ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (4-9) ANALOG ORG-2766 BENEFITS AUTISTIC-CHILDREN - REPORT ON A 2ND CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ORG-2766; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; ETHOLOGY ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; DYADIC ENCOUNTERS; RATING-SCALE; ACTH; BRAIN; RATS; NEUROPEPTIDES; PEPTIDES; MSH AB In a second controlled crossover trial, 20 autistic children received 40 mg/day of the neuropeptide ORG 2766, a synthetic analog of ACTH (4-9), for 8 weeks. Parents' checklist ratings (ABC) as well as clinicians' ratings (CGI) pointed to significant improvements after the course of treatment, improvements were clearest on the ABC social withdrawal subscale. The analysis of individual target symptom and the parents' treatment preferences substantiated the beneficial effects of ORG 2766. In an ethologically analyzed playroom session, ORG 2766 treatment was associated with an improvement in the children's play behavior and a significant increase in the social interaction between child and experimenter, Gaze coordination between child and experimenter also was improved. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT ETHOL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP BUITELAAR, JK (reprint author), UNIV UTRECHT HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,POB 85500,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. 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PD NOV PY 1992 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1156 DI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00026 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA JX700 UT WOS:A1992JX70000026 PM 1331023 ER PT J AU RATEY, JJ GRANDIN, T MILLER, A AF RATEY, JJ GRANDIN, T MILLER, A TI DEFENSE BEHAVIOR AND COPING IN AN AUTISTIC SAVANT - THE STORY OF GRANDIN,TEMPLE SO PSYCHIATRY-INTERPERSONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MEETING OF THE SOC FOR LIFE HISTORY RESEARCH IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY CY OCT, 1990 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP SOC LIFE HIST RES PSYCHOPATHOL ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; MODEL; STIMULATION AB THE causal factors in the behaviorally defined syndrome of autism remain unclear, although the past decade has brought to bear two significant developments that shape our view of the disorder. The first of these developments is a growing body of biomedical research that indicates there are multiple etiologies associated with the disorder. This research has allowed for the formation of subgroups based upon neuroanatomical, neurobiological, and neurophysiological abnormalities (Damasio 1984; Piggot 1979; Ritvo et al. 1990). The second is neuropsychological research indicating that the socioemotional deficits are primary to the disorder and may underlie much of the behavioral symptomatology (Fein et al. 1986). These areas of concern undoubtedly have enhanced our understanding of the disorder, yet in their achievements they may too easily absorb what we know about autistics who experience a chronic state of physiological hyperarousal, evidence of which has been found in neuro-physiological studies (Delius 1967; Hutt et al. 1965), neurochemical studies (Lake et al. 1977), psychopharmacologic studies (Ratey et al. 1987a), and behavioral studies (Kinsbourne 1980; Kootz et al. 1982; Tinbergen and Tinbergen 1972; Zentall and Zentall 1983). 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Biol. Process. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 55 IS 4 BP 382 EP 391 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA KD200 UT WOS:A1992KD20000006 PM 1470676 ER PT J AU BRUNEAU, N DOURNEAU, MC GARREAU, B POURCELOT, L LELORD, G AF BRUNEAU, N DOURNEAU, MC GARREAU, B POURCELOT, L LELORD, G TI BLOOD-FLOW RESPONSE TO AUDITORY STIMULATIONS IN NORMAL, MENTALLY-RETARDED, AND AUTISTIC-CHILDREN - A PRELIMINARY TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE MIDDLE CEREBRAL-ARTERIES SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; METABOLISM; VELOCITY; BRAIN; ASYMMETRIES; ULTRASOUND AB Using the noninvasive transcranial ultrasonic Doppler method, flow dynamics of the middle cerebral arteries were investigated in relation to auditory stimulations in 12 children with autistic behavior compared with 12 normal controls and 10 mentally retarded children. In normal children, auditory stimulation evoked lateralized modifications: blood flow increased and resistance index decreased on the left side; such modifications were not recorded on the right side. This pattern should indicate vasodilatation mechanisms induced by changes in the metabolism of the brain areas supplied by the left middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Although less asymmetrical, this pattern was also found in the mentally retarded children. Autistic children significantly differed from these two groups. They displayed a symmetric pattern of responses with a blood flow decrease and resistance-index increase on both sides; this could suggest abnormal metabolic mechanisms induced by auditory stimulation in autistic children and could be related to the previous hypothesis of impairment in the development of cerebral lateralization in autism. These preliminary results show that transcranial Doppler ultrasonography may be a valuable and practicable tool for the noninvasive study of evoked blood flow responses in psychopathology. C1 CHRU BRETONNEAU,BIOPHYS MED LAB,INSERM,U316,TOURS,FRANCE. RP BRUNEAU, N (reprint author), CHRU BRETONNEAU,SERV PR LELORD,INSERM,U316,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. 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Psychiatry PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 32 IS 8 BP 691 EP 699 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90298-E PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA KD227 UT WOS:A1992KD22700005 PM 1457624 ER PT J AU KOHLER, FW STRAIN, PS SHEARER, DD AF KOHLER, FW STRAIN, PS SHEARER, DD TI THE OVERTURES OF PRESCHOOL SOCIAL SKILL INTERVENTION AGENTS - DIFFERENTIAL RATES, FORMS, AND FUNCTIONS SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article ID HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB The purpose of this study was to examine the differential topographies and functions of social behaviors directed by normally developing preschoolers to their playmates with autism. Social interaction data from intervention phases of a study by Kohler, Strain, Hoyson, DeCesare, Donina, and Rapp were analyzed in three different ways. First, the frequency of four behaviors commonly included in social interaction training or assessment procedures (i.e., play organizer suggestions, share offers or requests, assistance offers or requests, and general statements) was examined. Second, the effects of each peer behavior on the immediate response of 3 children with autism were examined. Finally, the impact of each behavior that led to a positive response on the duration of subsequent target child-peer social interactions was examined. The four social behaviors had differential topographical and functional properties. Shares and play organizers occurred most frequendy and generated the highest proportion of positive responses from all 3 children with autism. Conversely, assistance offers or requests occurred less often and received a lower percentage of positive responses. However, assistance behaviors consistently led to the longest social interactions. Implications of these results for future social skills training and research are discussed. RP KOHLER, FW (reprint author), ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST,EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENT PROGRAM,320 E N AVE,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212, USA. CR Ervin-Tripp Suzanne, 1977, CHILD DISCOURSE, P165 GURALNICK MJ, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P911, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb03828.x GURALNICK MJ, 1980, AM J MENT DEF, V84, P444 GURALNICK MJ, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P254, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb04267.x Guralnick MJ, 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH, P93 HENDRICKSON JM, 1982, BEHAV MODIF, V6, P323, DOI 10.1177/014544558263002 Kohler F. W., 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P327 KOHLER FW, 1990, PRESCHOOL SOCIAL SKI KOHLER FW, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P187, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-187 KOHLER FW, IN PRESS BEHAVIOR MO Strain P. S., 1985, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V4, P47, DOI 10.1177/027112148500400406 STRAIN PS, 1984, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V4, P15, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90015-6 Strain P. 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PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 525 EP 542 DI 10.1177/01454455920164005 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA JP665 UT WOS:A1992JP66500005 PM 1417712 ER PT J AU AKSHOOMOFF, NA COURCHESNE, E AF AKSHOOMOFF, NA COURCHESNE, E TI A NEW ROLE FOR THE CEREBELLUM IN COGNITIVE OPERATIONS SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; RHESUS-MONKEY; AUTISM; PROJECTIONS; POTENTIALS; RESPONSES; LESIONS; RABBIT; CORTEX; BRAIN AB Over the last 2 centuries, the predominant view of the cerebellum has been that it is part of a motor control system. Evidence is now presented that the neocerebellum, the evolutionarily newest region of the cerebellum, may also be involved in a key mental operation: the voluntary shift of selective attention between sensory modalities. 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Neurosci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 106 IS 5 BP 731 EP 738 DI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA JR501 UT WOS:A1992JR50100001 PM 1445653 ER PT J AU HAGERMAN, RJ AF HAGERMAN, RJ TI FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - ADVANCES AND CONTROVERSY SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; FMR-I; AUTISM; HYPERACTIVITY ID SWEDISH MULTICENTER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; COGNITIVE PROFILES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FEMALE CARRIERS; SYNDROME AFRAX; MALES; CHROMOSOME; EXPRESSION; DISABILITY RP HAGERMAN, RJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CHILDRENS HOSP,HLTH SCI CTR,CHILD DEV UNIT,B-140,1056 E 19TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80218, USA. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1139 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00933.x PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JR258 UT WOS:A1992JR25800001 PM 1400696 ER PT J AU BARONCOHEN, S AF BARONCOHEN, S TI OUT OF SIGHT OR OUT OF MIND - ANOTHER LOOK AT DECEPTION IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; DECEPTION; HIDING; THEORY OF MIND ID CHILDS THEORY; ROLE-TAKING; BELIEF; DELAY AB The penny-hiding game is a deception game that occurs naturally in parent-child and child-child interaction. It involves minimal linguistic demands, and is lots of fun. Oswald and Ollendick (1989) employed it with subjects with autism and reported an impaired capacity for deception. They also found that this correlated with performance on both a false belief ("theory of mind") test as well as various measures of social behaviour. The experiment reported here set out to replicate Oswald and Ollendick's important results, and then extend them by using a new technique for error analysis. We succeeded in replicating the autism-specific deception impairment as well as the finding that deception capacity correlates highly with performance on a false belief test. In addition, the new analytic technique discriminated the group with autism from controls more clearly than the traditional index of deception. Specifically, subjects with autism, whilst fully capable of enjoying the game as a game of object occlusion (keeping things out of sight), failed to perceive the game as a game of information occlusion (keeping things out of mind), unlike normal children or subjects with a mental handicap of an equivalent or lower mental age. The dissociation in autism between occluding objects vs occluding information is discussed in relation to other research showing that subjects with autism are impaired in understanding the principle that "seeing leads to knowing". C1 UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RP BARONCOHEN, S (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1141 EP 1155 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JR258 UT WOS:A1992JR25800002 PM 1400697 ER PT J AU CAPPS, L YIRMIYA, N SIGMAN, M AF CAPPS, L YIRMIYA, N SIGMAN, M TI UNDERSTANDING OF SIMPLE AND COMPLEX EMOTIONS IN NONRETARDED-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM-HIGH FUNCTIONING; EMOTION (COMPLEX); PRIDE; EMBARRASSMENT; AUDIENCE ID DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS; EXPRESSIONS; COMMUNICATION; APPRAISAL; DEFICITS; PEOPLE; PRIDE; MIND AB Non-retarded autistic children are compared to normal controls on measures of emotion expression and recognition. In general, autistic subjects recounted appropriate examples of simple and complex emotions, and accurately labeled relatively ambiguous affect expression in pictures. Autistic children manifested some difficulty talking about socially derived emotions, pride and embarrassment. They required more time and more prompts, their responses were more tentative and "scripted", and they displayed limited understanding of the salience of others in embarrassing situations. Results are discussed in relation to theory of mind impairment and compensation strategies in autism. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,RM 68527,760 WESTWOOD PLAZA,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH EDUC,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 CICCHETTI D, 1982, NEW DIRECTIONS CHILD, V16, P3 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 Ekman P, 1975, UNMASKING FACE, V1st Geertz C., 1973, INTERPRETATION CULTU Harris P. L., 1989, CHILDREN EMOTION Harter S., 1990, CHILDRENS UNDERSTAND, P81 Hermelin B, 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE, P283 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02212860 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1957, UNPUB 2 FACTOR INDEX Hursthouse Rosalind, 1999, EXPLAINING EMOTIONS KANNER L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P50 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KASARI C, IN PRESS SOCIAL USE KASARI C, UNPUB J CHILD PSYCHO Langdell T., 1981, THESIS U LONDON LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 Lewis M., 1983, CHILDRENS EMOTIONS M LEWIS M, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P146, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02704.x MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x Ricks D., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT, P245 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 SEIDNER LB, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P367, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01472.x SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SROUFE A, 1979, HDB INFANT DEV, P462 STIPEK DJ, 1983, HUM DEV, V26, P42 TAGERFLUSBERG H, IN PRESS CHILD DEV TAYLOR G, 1980, EXPLAINING EMOTIONS, P385 THOMPSON RA, 1981, BIENNIAL M SOC RES C Volkmar F. R., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000596 WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x YIRMIYA N, IN PRESS CHILD DEV YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x YIRMIYA N, 1991, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V11, P669, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(91)90125-E NR 47 TC 168 Z9 171 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1169 EP 1182 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JR258 UT WOS:A1992JR25800004 PM 1400699 ER PT J AU JASELSKIS, CA COOK, EH FLETCHER, KE LEVENTHAL, BL AF JASELSKIS, CA COOK, EH FLETCHER, KE LEVENTHAL, BL TI CLONIDINE TREATMENT OF HYPERACTIVE AND IMPULSIVE CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOURETTES SYNDROME AB Many autistic children have associated problems of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that limit the effectiveness of educational and behavioral interventions. Few controlled psychopharmacologic trials have been conducted in autistic children to determine which agents may be effective for these associated features. Eight male children (8.1 +/- 2.8 years) with autistic disorder, diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria, completed a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial of clonidine. Subjects were included in the study if they had inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that was excessive for their developmental level. Subjects had not tolerated or responded to other psychopharmacologic treatments (neuroleptics, methylphenidate, or desipramine). Teacher ratings on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist irritability, stereotypy, hyperactivity, and inappropriate speech factors were lower during treatment with clonidine than during treatment with placebo. Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale ratings were not significantly improved during the study, except for oppositional behavior. Parent Conners Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Questionnaire ratings significantly improved during clonidine treatment. Clonidine led to increased ratings of the side effects of drowsiness and decreased activity. Clinician ratings (Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale Autism, Hyperactivity, Anger and Speech Deviance factors; Children's Global Assessment Scale; Clinical Global Impressions efficacy) of videotaped sessions were not significantly different between clonidine and placebo. Clonidine was modestly effective in the short-term treatment of irritability and hyperactivity in some children with autistic disorder. C1 DEPAUW UNIV,GREENCASTLE,IN. RP JASELSKIS, CA (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MC 3077,5841 S MARYLAND,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 BARKLEY RA, 1983, HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN BIRMAHER B, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P248, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198803000-00020 CAMPBELL M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF01538168 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 CAMPBELL M, 1981, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V26, P265 COHEN DJ, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1350 COHEN DJ, 1979, LANCET, V2, P551 COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 GORDON CT, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P363 GOYETTE CH, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00919127 Hoffman BB, 1990, PHARMACOL BASIS THER, P187 Hollingshead A.B., 1958, SOCIAL CLASS MENTAL HUNT RD, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P617, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60065-0 LAKE CR, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P553 LECKMAN JF, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P324 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P708, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198809)44:5<708::AID-JCLP2270440507>3.0.CO;2-T PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21, P839 SHAFFER D, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P1228 STRAYHORN JM, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P244, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198803000-00019 ULLMANN RK, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V20, P160 NR 23 TC 143 Z9 144 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0271-0749 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 12 IS 5 BP 322 EP 327 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA JP946 UT WOS:A1992JP94600005 PM 1479049 ER PT J AU MCGRATH, CJ AF MCGRATH, CJ TI CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - A PARENTS GUIDE - POWERS,MD SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Book Review RP MCGRATH, CJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,BEHAV & DEV PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. CR Powers M. D., 1989, CHILDREN AUTISM PARE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 5 BP 370 EP 370 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA JR461 UT WOS:A1992JR46100013 ER PT J AU GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, LY GHAZIUDDIN, N AF GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, LY GHAZIUDDIN, N TI AUTISM IN DOWNS-SYNDROME - PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHILDREN; RETARDATION; IMPAIRMENTS; DEPRESSION; BEHAVIOR AB Although autism is said to occur rarely with Down's syndrome, it may be more common in those persons with Down's syndrome who also show superimposed behavioural problems. In this brief report, the authors explore this possibility. They describe three patients with Down's syndrome who were referred for behavioural reasons and were found to have coexisting autism. They propose that a systematic study of the association of these two conditions may have implications on research and clinical practice. RP GHAZIUDDIN, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,TAUBMAN CTR,BOX 0390,1500 E MED CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P440, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00011 EATON LF, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1297 GATH A, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P156, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.2.156 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P721, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.5.721 Gibson D., 1978, DOWNS SYNDROME PSYCH GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x KUSHLICK A, 1975, MENTAL DEFICIENCY CH, P31 LUND J, 1988, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V78, P369, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06350.x PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 RUTTER M, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P408 SOVNER R, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P171 Thorndike R. L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL VOLKMAR FR, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P71 WAKABAYASHI S, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531289 WARREN AC, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P202, DOI 10.1192/bjp.155.2.202 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WING L, 1979, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V5, P57 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V17, P278, DOI 10.1002/ana.410170310 Zellweger H., 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V31, P367 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 36 BP 449 EP 456 PN 5 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA JU545 UT WOS:A1992JU54500007 PM 1458002 ER PT J AU WANG, PP HESSELINK, JR JERNIGAN, TL DOHERTY, S BELLUGI, U AF WANG, PP HESSELINK, JR JERNIGAN, TL DOHERTY, S BELLUGI, U TI SPECIFIC NEUROBEHAVIORAL PROFILE OF WILLIAMS SYNDROME IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEOCEREBELLAR HEMISPHERIC PRESERVATION SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGES; FEATURES; AUTISM; CEREBELLUM; CHILDREN AB Previous work demonstrated enlargement of the neocerebellar vermis in Williams' syndrome (WS), despite diminished volumes in the cerebral hemispheres. We present the first in vivo volumetric study of any structure within the cerebellar hemispheres. Using MRI, we identified and reliably measured the neocerebellar tonsils in WS subjects; Down's syndrome (DS) subjects matched for age, IQ, and cerebral volume; and age-matched normal controls. WS tonsils were equal in size to control tonsils and larger than DS tonsils. In proportion to the cerebrum, WS tonsils were larger than controls'. These results coincide with the remarkable neuropsychological preservation of language and affect in WS, despite general cognitive impairment. They contrast with the neocerebellar vermal hypoplasia seen in autism, with its communicative and affective deficits. Additionally, two WS subjects showed Chiari type I malformations, but the average tonsillar position in WS was not found to be different than in controls. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP WANG, PP (reprint author), SALK INST BIOL STUDIES,COGNIT NEUROSCI LAB,LCN,10010 N TORREY PINES RD,LA JOLLA,CA 92037, USA. CR BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BELLUGI U, 1992, DEV BEHAV NEUROSCIEN, P201 Bellugi U., 1988, LANGUAGE DEV EXCEPTI, P177 Bellugi U, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P115 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P529 JERNIGAN TL, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P539 JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P27 JONES KL, 1975, J PEDIATR-US, V86, P718, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80356-8 KAPLAN P, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V84, P895 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 LALONDE R, 1990, BRAIN RES REV, V15, P325, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(90)90006-A LEINER HC, 1989, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V103, P998, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.103.5.998 MACDONALD GW, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P125, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408229 MORRIS CA, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V113, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80272-5 Petersen S E, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P153, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 Reilly J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P367 TRAUNER DA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P166, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90066-0 Udwin O, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P108 WILLIAMS JC, 1961, CIRCULATION, V24, P1311 NR 22 TC 75 Z9 76 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1999 EP 2002 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JT854 UT WOS:A1992JT85400023 PM 1407582 ER PT J AU DEUTSCH, G AF DEUTSCH, G TI THE NONSPECIFICITY OF FRONTAL DYSFUNCTION IN DISEASE AND ALTERED STATES - CORTICAL BLOOD-FLOW EVIDENCE SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMA; PASSIVE STIMULATION; METABOLISM ID DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PHYSIOLOGIC DYSFUNCTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ACTIVATION; ATTENTION; TASKS; COMA AB Data are presented from the study of patients and normal subjects indicating that reduction of frontal cerebral blood flow (CBF) or metabolic activity is common in many disease states and certain normal conditions involving reduced directed mental activity. Several lines of evidence are combined with some new data to support the contention that reduction of frontal lobe physiological activity is often a consequence of an altered pattern of mental activity, rather than of pathology in the frontal lobes. Thus, the frontal reduction observed in such disease states as autism, schizophrenia, and chronic alcoholism are very likely to be secondary manifestations of diffuse or yet to be localized pathologies that disturb the normal balance of mental activity and result in the underutilization of the frontal lobes. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT NEUROL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. CR BERGLUND M, 1987, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V75, P202, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02775.x BERMAN KF, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P126 BRUNNER EA, 1982, INTRO ANESTHESIA PRI, P196 DEUTSCH G, 1987, INT J NEUROSCI, V36, P23, DOI 10.3109/00207458709002136 DEUTSCH G, 1990, STROKE, V21, P1293 DEUTSCH G, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V13, P38, DOI 10.1002/ana.410130109 DEUTSCH G, 1986, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V24, P283, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(86)90062-X DEUTSCH G, 1987, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V7, P29 FRACKOWIAK RSJ, 1981, BRAIN, V104, P753, DOI 10.1093/brain/104.4.753 GUSTAFSON L, 1979, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Supplementum, V60, P546 HAGSTADIUS S, 1989, SCAND J WORK ENV HEA, V15, P130 INGVAR DH, 1979, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V60, P12 INGVAR DH, 1974, LANCET, V2, P1484 OBRIST W, 1979, CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW, P374 Pawlik G, 1985, J CEREB BLOOD FLO S1, V5, pS9 PROHOVNIK I, 1980, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V18, P203, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(80)90066-4 PROHOVNIK I, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P117, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250203 RISBERG J, 1977, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V15, P793, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(77)90009-4 RISBERG J, 1980, BRAIN LANG, V9, P9, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(80)90069-3 Risberg J, 1983, Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, V303, P92 SHERMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P439, DOI 10.1007/BF02409835 TEASDALE G, 1974, LANCET, V2, P81 TOWNSEND RE, 1973, J APPL PHYSIOL, V35, P620 WEINBERGER DR, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P114 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0894-878X J9 NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE JI Neuropsychiatr. Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 301 EP 307 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA JV294 UT WOS:A1992JV29400008 ER PT J AU BOLTON, P PICKLES, A BUTLER, L SUMMERS, D WEBB, T LORD, C LECOUTEUR, A BAILEY, A RUTTER, M AF BOLTON, P PICKLES, A BUTLER, L SUMMERS, D WEBB, T LORD, C LECOUTEUR, A BAILEY, A RUTTER, M TI FRAGILE-X IN FAMILIES MULTIPLEX FOR AUTISM AND RELATED PHENOTYPES - PREVALENCE AND CRITERIA FOR CYTOGENETIC DIAGNOSIS SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; CYTOGENETICS; FRAGILE-X; GENETICS ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; NORMAL MALES; EXPRESSION; CHROMOSOME; FREQUENCY; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; EXPLANATION; POPULATION AB There is uncertainty regarding the necessary and sufficient criteria for cytogenetic diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome. Some have made the diagnosis when 1% or more of cells are anomalous, whereas others have used 3-4% as a threshold. The choice of threshold level has implications for the extent to which fragile X accounts for the genetic findings in autism. In this study, we tested the first degree relatives of families that were multiplex for autism and related phenotypes, and investigated the reliability and validity of different cytogenetic thresholds for fragile X diagnosis. Clinical diagnoses were made using standardized assessment procedures and operationalized criteria. Cytogenetic investigations, blind to clinical evaluations, were performed in two laboratories, utilizing a variety of induction procedures. Latent class analysis supported a three class solution to the cytogenetic data, corresponding to no, low (1-3%) and high (> 3%) levels of fragile X expression. High level expression was reliably identified and associated with other phenotypic features of the fragile X syndrome. It was found in 2 of the 24 multiplex families tested and consequently, could not account for the majority of familial aggregation of autism and related phenotypes. Low level expression was less reliably identified and, although occasionally found in apparently normal individuals, was associated with disorders of cognitive function. The aetiology of low level expression was unclear, but the overall pattern of findings suggested that it was different to high level expression. The findings highlight the need to interpret low positive counts cautiously. C1 INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSP CHILDREN,REG CYTOGENET UNIT,LONDON E2 8PS,ENGLAND. BIRMINGHAM MATERN HOSP,ACAD DEPT CLIN GENET,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TG,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DIV TEACH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. ROYAL FREE HOSP,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X CR AITKIN M, 1985, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V47, P67 AKAIKE H, 1973, INT S INFORMATION TH BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BRESLOW N, 1989, LECTURE NOTES STATIS, V57 BROWN WT, 1987, HUM GENET, V75, P311, DOI 10.1007/BF00284100 CAMERINO G, 1983, NATURE, V306, P701, DOI 10.1038/306701a0 CHUDLEY AE, 1983, AM J MED GENET, V14, P699, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320140412 CLOGG CC, 1984, J AM STAT ASSOC, V79, P762, DOI 10.2307/2288706 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 DANIEL A, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P419, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230134 DEARCE MA, 1983, CLIN GENET, V24, P320 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FISCH GS, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P655, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300166 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 FONATSCH C, 1981, LANCET, V1, P494 FONATSCH C, 1983, HUM GENET, V64, P39, DOI 10.1007/BF00289476 FROSTERISKENIUS U, 1984, HUM GENET, V67, P419, DOI 10.1007/BF00291403 GILLBERG C, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P293 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HEALY MJR, 1981, BIOMETRICS, V37, P834 HOWARDPEEBLES PN, 1985, AM J HUM GENET, V37, P956 JENKINS EC, 1986, EXP CELL BIOL, V54, P40 LACOUTEUR A, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE LAIRD CD, 1987, GENETICS, V117, P587 LAIRD N, 1978, J AM STAT ASSOC, V73, P805, DOI 10.2307/2286284 Lazarsfeld P., 1968, LATENT STRUCTURE ANA LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEDBETTER DH, 1986, NATURE, V324, P161, DOI 10.1038/324161a0 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LUBS H, 1984, AM J HUM GENET, V36, P102 MACDONALD H, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE NIELSEN KB, 1984, HUM GENET, V66, P225, DOI 10.1007/BF00286606 PARTINGTON MW, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P175, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170111 PEMBERY M, 1990, BIOL RISK FACTORS PS, P67 PIERCE DA, 1975, 46 OR STAT U DEP STA PROOPS R, 1981, J MED GENET, V18, P366, DOI 10.1136/jmg.18.5.366 PUESCHEL SM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531503 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 RHOADS FA, 1982, AM J MED GENET, V12, P205, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320120211 RUTTER M, 1991, NEW GENETICS MENTAL, P225 SCHWARZ G, 1978, ANN STAT, V6, P461, DOI 10.1214/aos/1176344136 Smalley S. 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Genet. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 277 EP 300 DI 10.1097/00041444-199210000-00005 PG 24 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA JY262 UT WOS:A1992JY26200005 ER PT J AU DORON, R AF DORON, R TI AUTISM AND PSYCHOSES IN CHILDREN - FRENCH - MAZET,P, LEBOVICI,S SO ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR MAZET P, 1990, AUTISME PSYCHOSES EN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0003-5033 J9 ANN PSYCHOL JI Annee Psychol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 92 IS 3 BP 473 EP 473 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JZ253 UT WOS:A1992JZ25300031 ER PT J AU MENAGE, P THIBAULT, G BARTHELEMY, C LELORD, G BARDOS, P AF MENAGE, P THIBAULT, G BARTHELEMY, C LELORD, G BARDOS, P TI CD4+CD45RA+ T-LYMPHOCYTE DEFICIENCY IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN - EFFECT OF A PYRIDOXINE-MAGNESIUM TREATMENT SO BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE INFANTILE AUTISM; T-CD4+ SUBSETS; PYRIDOXINE-MAGNESIUM TREATMENT ID CELL SUBSET; VITAMIN-B6; SUPPLEMENTATION AB The subjects of this study were 10 autistic children of both sexes between 3 and 7 years of age and 10 normal age- and sex-matched children. Flow cytometry was used to study peripheral blood lymphocyte populations: CD3 +, CD19 +, CD16 + CD56+, CD4 +, CD4 + CD45RA +, CD4 + CD29 + and CD8 +. There was a significant decrease in the T CD4 + CD45RA + population in autistic boys in comparison with normal boys, whether expressed as cells per cubic millimeter (p < 0.05) or as percentage of the total T CD4 + population (p < 0.05). Pyridoxine plus magnesium was administered to 5 of these boys for 8 weeks, and the effects on these subsets were studied. There was an increase in the sum of (T CD4 + CD45RA + plus T CD4 + CD29 +) subsets on the basis of the total T CD4 + population, due primarily to a significant increase in the T CD4 + CD45RA + subset (p < 0.05). This change was accompanied by clinical improvement of the treated children. The results are discussed on the basis of published data on the effects of pyridoxine on these two subsets. C1 INSERM,U316,DEPT PSYCHOL & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,TOURS,FRANCE. CHU BRETONNEAU,FAC MED,IMMUNOL LAB,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. 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Children with autism also showed a lesser degree of handedness and a lesser degree of consistency than the other groups, although this was unrelated to the discordance of skill and asymmetry. A developmental model of handedness is proposed in which the development of handedness as preference is ontogenetically prior to the development of handedness as skill asymmetry, such that in normal children the development of skill asymmetry occurs as a secondary consequence of the establishment of preference. The causal sequence is disrupted in autism, so that although preference is established, it does not subsequently result in concordant skill asymmetry. C1 INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RP MCMANUS, IC (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,GLOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. 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It is also a common cause of learning and emotional problems in mildly affected female carriers with normal IQs. These children present an enormous challenge to all child-care providers, be they in medicine, education, or in various therapy disciplines. Early identification is essential, and the key to effective management is an innovative and multidisciplinary approach. As disciplines become more familiar with and knowledgeable about this frequently occurring form of mental retardation or cause of learning disabilities, they should become more adept at early identification and early referral for support and intervention. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,DENVER,CO 80218. RP GOLDSON, E (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1056 E 19TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80218, USA. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 34 IS 9 BP 826 EP 832 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA JJ503 UT WOS:A1992JJ50300009 PM 1526353 ER PT J AU WEBER, RC THORPE, J AF WEBER, RC THORPE, J TI TEACHING-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM THROUGH TASK VARIATION IN PHYSICAL-EDUCATION SO EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID MAINTENANCE; ACQUISITION; CONCURRENT; SERIAL AB The purpose of the study was to determine whether the technique of task variation (with maintenance tasks interspersed) (TV) is more effective in the acquisition of gross motor skills for students with autism than a constant task (CT) condition in a physical education setting. Subjects were 12 male students with autism, ages 11 to 15 years. The study included pretest-posttest administration of the I CAN assessment of Gross Motor Skills to assess skills such as overhand throw, kick, and vertical jump. 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PD SEP PY 1992 VL 59 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA KP456 UT WOS:A1992KP45600007 PM 1396953 ER PT J AU MITRANI, JL AF MITRANI, JL TI ON THE SURVIVAL FUNCTION OF AUTISTIC MANEUVERS IN ADULT PATIENTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB This paper highlights features of the work on autism of Tustin and others pertaining to the analysis of adult patients. Several clinical illustrations from the analysis of neurotic, borderline and psychotic patients emphasizing the survival function of autistic shapes, objects and delusions are presented. The need for further discrimination between autistic states of mind and other primitive mental states is recommended. CR BIANCHEDI ET, 1991, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V72, P6 BICK E, 1968, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V49, P484 Bion W., 1962, LEARNING EXPERIENCE BOYER LB, 1990, MASTER CLIN TREATING FREUD S, 1895, STANDARD EDITION, V3 GOMBEROFF MJ, 1990, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V71, P249 GROTSTEIN J, 1983, CONTEMP PSYCHOANAL, V19, P571 INNESSMITH J, 1987, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V68, P405 Klein M., 1975, ENVY GRATITUDE OTHER Klein M., 1948, CONTRIBUTIONS PSYCHO Ogden T, 1989, PRIMITIVE EDGE EXPER ROSENFELD D, 1984, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V65, P377 Rosenfeld HA, 1987, IMPASSE INTERPRETATI SEGAL H, 1957, Int J Psychoanal, V38, P391 SYMINGTON J, 1985, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V66, P481 Tustin F, 1986, AUTISTIC BARRIERS NE TUSTIN F, 1984, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V11, P279 Tustin F., 1981, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL Tustin F, 1972, AUTISM CHILDHOOD PSY TUSTIN F, 1980, INT REV PSYCHOANAL, V7, P27 Tustin F, 1990, PROTECTIVE SHELL CHI TUSTIN F, 1987, COMMUNICATION TYLER A, 1974, CELESTIAL NAVIGATION Winnicott Donald, 1964, CHILD FAMILY OUTSIDE NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 PU INST PSYCHO-ANALYSIS PI LONDON PA 63 NEW CAVENDISH STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 7RD SN 0020-7578 J9 INT J PSYCHOANAL JI Int. J. Psycho-Anal. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 73 BP 549 EP 559 PN 3 PG 11 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA JM700 UT WOS:A1992JM70000012 PM 1399287 ER PT J AU PRIOR, M CUMMINS, R AF PRIOR, M CUMMINS, R TI QUESTIONS ABOUT FACILITATED COMMUNICATION AND AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article C1 VICTORIA COLLEGE,MALVERN,VIC 3144,AUSTRALIA. RP PRIOR, M (reprint author), LA TROBE UNIV,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. CR BATT M, 1990, DEAL NEWSLETTER DEC BATT M, 1990, 4TH INT ISAAC C STOC BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 CATANESE AT, 1988, DEAL COMMUNICATION C CUMMINS R, IN PRESS HARVARD ED HAPPE P, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P207 *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, REP DIR GEN REL VAL *INT WORK PART ISS, 1988, DEAL COMM CTR OP Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1007/BF01048237 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200001 PM 1400102 ER PT J AU SMALLEY, SL TANGUAY, PE SMITH, M GUTIERREZ, G AF SMALLEY, SL TANGUAY, PE SMITH, M GUTIERREZ, G TI AUTISM AND TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INFANTILE SPASMS; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; MULTICENTER; SEIZURES; SCHEDULE; BEHAVIOR; FAMILY AB Autism is a behavior disorder with genetic influences indicated from twin and family studies and from the cooccurrence of autism with known genetic disorders. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a known genetic disorder with behavioral manifestations including autism. A literature review of these two disorders substantiates a significant association of autism and TSC with 17-58% of TSC subjects manifesting autism and 0.4-3% of autistic subjects having TSC In initial data collected on 13 TSC probands and 14 autistic probands in our family study of autism and TSC, we identified 7 TSC subjects with autism. The seven TSC autistic probands are similar to non- TSC autistic probands on the Social and Communication domains of the Autism Diagnostic Inventory (ADI) (Le Couteur et al., 1989), but show fewer Repetitive Rituals. There are more male TSC probands with autism than female, despite an equal sex ratio among TSC probands. The TSC probands with autism have significantly more seizures and mental retardation than those without autism; however, the extent and etiology of associations require further study. Our preliminary findings suggest that a fruitful approach for delineating genetic influences in autism may come from further investigation of possible mechanisms underlying the association of autism and TSC. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PEDIAT,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP SMALLEY, SL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARAKAT AY, 1978, CLIN PEDIATR, V17, P875, DOI 10.1177/000992287801701201 BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 CARES RM, 1958, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V17, P247, DOI 10.1097/00005072-195804000-00007 CLARKE DJ, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P702, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.5.702 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 CREAK EM, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V109, P84, DOI 10.1192/bjp.109.458.84 Critchley M, 1932, BRAIN, V55, P311, DOI 10.1093/brain/55.3.311 CURATOLO P, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37743.x CURATOLO P, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P550 Dick A R, 1967, J Kans Med Soc, V68, P102 ENTWISTLE C, 1961, BRIT MED J, V2, P1688 Finlayson A, 1955, AM J MENT DEF, V59, P617 FISHER W, 1987, J AM ACADEMY CHILD A, V26, P700 FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206998 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GOMEZ MR, 1991, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS A Gomez MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GOMEZ MR, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P604 GREENSTEIN MA, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V314, P449 HUNT A, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P190 HUNT A, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P346 HUNT A, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P353 JOHNSON WG, 1991, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS A JORDAN WM, 1956, BRIT MED J, V2, P132 KHANNA R, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P117, DOI 10.1192/bjp.155.1.117 LAWLOR BA, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P396, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.3.396 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 Lotter V, 1967, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, V1, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00578950 MANNUZZA S, 1986, J PSYCHIAT RES, V20, P317, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(86)90034-8 MANSHEIM P, 1979, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V40, P97 MATTHEWS KL, 1981, TEX MED, V77, P46 MILLER VS, 1982, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V4, P26 MONTANARO V, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P183 NOEL LP, 1982, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V94, P630 OLIVER BE, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P560 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 OSBORNE JP, 1991, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS A RAKOFF J, 1981, S AFR MED J, V60, P574 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 RIIKONEN R, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P747 RIIKONEN R, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P203 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 ROTH JC, 1971, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V25, P547 RUTTER M, 1991, NEW GENETICS MENTAL SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 Sparrow SS, 1984, INTERVIEW EDITION SU TAFT LT, 1971, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V1, P127 Tiwari A K, 1968, J Indian Med Assoc, V50, P373 UCHIYAMA A, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P584 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WEISSMAN MM, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P747 *WHO, 1987, ICD10 1986 DRAFT CHA ZLOTLOW M, 1965, PSYCHIAT QUART, V39, P466, DOI 10.1007/BF01569479 NR 59 TC 126 Z9 126 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1007/BF01048239 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200002 PM 1400103 ER PT J AU ADRIEN, JL BARTHELEMY, C PERROT, A ROUX, S LENOIR, P HAMEURY, L SAUVAGE, D AF ADRIEN, JL BARTHELEMY, C PERROT, A ROUX, S LENOIR, P HAMEURY, L SAUVAGE, D TI VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INFANT BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION (IBSE) - A RATING-SCALE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CONCORDANCE; OBSERVERS AB The Infant Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (IBSE) is a rating scale adapted from the Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE) and specifically related to the assessment of behaviors of young children having autistic disorders. Content validity and reliability studies described in the paper were made from behavior ratings of videotapes for 89 children aged from 6 to 48 months. Results show a significant group of 19 items including some characteristic early autistic behaviors (communicative and social abnormalities) and some that are less commonly described in the syndrome (attentional, perceptive, and adaptive disorders). The value of the use of this scale for clinicians and professionals involved in behavioral evaluations and treatment of young children with developmental disorders and the necessity for further psychometric investigations are discussed. RP ADRIEN, JL (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01487069 ADRIEN JL, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V22, P117, DOI 10.1159/000118604 ADRIEN JL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF02206996 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P271 BARTHELEMY C, 1986, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V34, P63 BARTHELEMY C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P23 BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL 1 ENFANC CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUROPEAN ARCH PSYCHI, V386, P1 FERMANIAN J, 1984, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V32, P408 FERMANIAN J, 1984, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V32, P140 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P23 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x Laffont F, 1975, Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin, V5, P369, DOI 10.1016/S0370-4475(75)80051-7 LEBOYER M, 1985, AUTISTIC DIAGNOSTIC LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEDDET I, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P215, DOI 10.1007/BF01531731 LELORD G, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01531686 LELORD G, 1987, AUTISME INFANTILE, V147, P311 LELORD G, 1982, EVENT RELATED POTENT, V6, P347 Lelord G, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P43 LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 Ornitz E. M., 1978, COGNITIVE DEFECTS DE, P24 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P706 PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 ROGE B, 1985, METHODES ECHELLES EV RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SAUVAGE D, 1988, ANN PSYCHIAT, V4, P418 SAUVAGE D, 1989, PRECIS PSYCHOPATHOLO SAUVAGE D, 1987, AUTISME INFANTILE IN, V146, P47 SAUVAGE D, 1987, ANN PSYCHIAT, V2, P338 SAUVAGE D, 1984, AUTISME NOURRISSON J SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P6232 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 375 EP 394 DI 10.1007/BF01048241 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200004 PM 1383188 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, R MURATA, T YOSHINAGA, K AF KOBAYASHI, R MURATA, T YOSHINAGA, K TI A FOLLOW-UP-STUDY OF 201 CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN KYUSHU AND YAMAGUCHI AREAS, JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PUBERTY AB A follow-up survey was conducted on 201 young adults with autism who were 18 or older (mean age, 21.5). All had participated previously in intensive therapeutic camping or had therapeutic involvement at medical consultation agencies to evaluate their outcome. Their social outcome was better than that previously reported in Japan. Although 31.5% had shown marked deterioration during adolescence, 43.2% had shown marked improvement during that period. Possible factors contributing to these results are discussed. C1 FUKUOKA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,FUKUOKA 81401,JAPAN. FUKUOKA UNIV,SCH MED,SOCIAL MED RES LAB,FUKUOKA 81401,JAPAN. RP KOBAYASHI, R (reprint author), OITA UNIV,FAC EDUC,700 DANNOHARU,OITA 87011,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CHUNG SY, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF02284720 CREAK EM, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V109, P84, DOI 10.1192/bjp.109.458.84 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1310 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J PSYCHIAT, V112, P607 FRITH U, 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN, P51 GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P375 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P365 ISHII T, 1978, JAPANESE J CLIN PSYC, V7, P907 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 KOBAYASHI R, 1977, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V18, P221 KOBAYASHI R, 1990, 12TH INT C INT ASS C KOBAYASHI R, 1985, Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica, V87, P546 KOBAYASHI R, 1989, ENFANT SA FAMILLE NO, P333 KOBAYASHI R, 1990, JAPANESE J DEV PSYCH, V1, P91 LORD C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01538320 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF02104997 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 MACCOBY EE, 1980, SCI F DEV PSYCHIATRY, P92 MITTLER P, 1966, J MENT DEFIC RES, V10, P73 MURATA T, 1975, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V16, P152 ORNITZ EM, 1991, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY, P38 PELLING H, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P413 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 SHIRATAKI S, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P25 SOONG W, 1986, 6TH ANN M CAN AC CHI SUMI T, 1952, PSYCHIATRICA NEUROLO, V54, P566 TAMAI S, 1979, FOLLOW UP STUDY INFA TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01531682 WAKABAYASHI S, 1975, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V16, P177 WAKABAYASHI S, 1986, JAPANESE J PSYCHIATR, V1, P195 WAKABAYASHI S, 1980, CLIN PSYCHIATR, V22, P244 WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 NR 37 TC 80 Z9 82 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 395 EP 411 DI 10.1007/BF01048242 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200005 PM 1383189 ER PT J AU POWELL, SD JORDAN, RR AF POWELL, SD JORDAN, RR TI REMEDIATING THE THINKING OF PUPILS WITH AUTISM - PRINCIPLES INTO PRACTICE SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article AB We take previously developed principles of a problem-solving approach to teaching pupils with (Jordan & Powell, 1990a, 1990b, 1991), and analyze their application within the normal teaching routine of a specialist school for such pupils. We note the kinds of pedagogical judgment made, and the structures needed by individual pupils to enable them to function as problem solvers. We identify reflection as a key factor in enhancing the potential of pupils as learners and discuss ways of increasing pupils' awareness of their own ways of handling learning situations. The study is set against the background of issues concerned with possibilities of developing a 'theory of mind' in pupils with autism. RP POWELL, SD (reprint author), HATFIELD POLYTECH,SCH HUMANITIES & EDUC,WALL HALL CAMPUS,ALDENHAM WD2 8AT,HERTS,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Hobson R. P., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO JORDAN R, 1990, COMMUNICATION, V24, P20 JORDAN R, 1990, SPECIAL CURRICULAR N JORDAN RR, 1991, EUROPEAN J SPECIAL N, V6, P112, DOI 10.1080/0885625910060203 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1007/BF01048243 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200006 PM 1400104 ER PT J AU KOHENRAZ, R VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ AF KOHENRAZ, R VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ TI POSTURAL CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM AB Postural control was evaluated in samples of autistic, normal, and mentally retarded children in this pilot study using a recently developed, computerized posturographic procedure. A battery of postural positions was administered including postures involving some degree of "stress" (e.g., occluded vision or standing on pads). The postural patterns of children with autism differed from those observed in normal children, in mentally retarded children, and in adults with vestibular disorders. In comparison to normal children the autistic subjects were less likely to exhibit age-related changes in postural performance and postures were more variable and less stable with more lateral sway. Autistic subjects also exhibited a "paradoxical" response of greater stability with more "stressful" postures, putting excessive weight on one foot, one toe, or one heel. The implications for neuroanatomical models of autism are discussed. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. YALE UNIV,CTR CHILD STUDY,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AYALON A, 1988, 9TH P INT C SPORT PH BARIGANT P, 1972, AGRESSOLOGIE, V13, P69 COLBERT EG, 1958, J PEDIATR-US, V53, P219, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(58)80174-2 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P778 De Wit G, 1972, AGRESSOLOGIE, V13, P75 DEWIT G, 1972, AGGRESSOLOGIE, V13, P80 KAPTEYN TS, 1972, AGRESSOLOGIE, V13, P75 KOHENRAZ R, 1979, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V48, P871 KOHENRAZ R, 1991, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V73, P635, DOI 10.2466/PMS.73.5.635-656 KOHENRAZ R, 1986, LEARNING DISABILITIE KOHENRAZ R, 1991, APPROCE NEUROPSYCHOL, V3, P89 NIGG BM, 1975, THESIS SWISS I TECHN ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 ORNITZ EM, 1973, CALIF MED, V118, P21 RITVO ER, 1969, NEUROLOGY, V19, P653 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 NR 18 TC 60 Z9 60 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 419 EP 432 DI 10.1007/BF01048244 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200007 PM 1383190 ER PT J AU RICHDALE, AL PRIOR, MR AF RICHDALE, AL PRIOR, MR TI URINARY CORTISOL CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM IN A GROUP OF HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; HYPERCORTISOLISM AB Previous research has suggested that there may be dysfunction in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in autistic children. Both an abnormal cortisol circadian rhythm and failure to suppress, cortisol secretion in response to dexamethasome have been reported. This study investigated the basal urinary cortisol circadian rhythm in a group of high-functioning children with autism and matched controls. No evidence was found for abnormal temporal placement of the circadian rhythm in the autistic group. There was a tendency towards cortisol hypersecretion during the day, predominantly in those autistic children who were integrated into the normal school system. While the temporal parameters of the cortisol circadian rhythm in these children with autism were probably normal, the tendency towards cortisol hypersecretion may indicate an environmental stress response in this group. C1 LA TROBE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. CR AIHARA R, 1989, No To Hattatsu, V21, P154 ASCHOFF J, 1971, SCIENCE, V171, P213, DOI 10.1126/science.171.3967.213 BERTRAND PV, 1987, CLIN CHEM, V33, P2047 BRESLAU N, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P15 FEIN D, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P127 FIBIGER W, 1984, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V8, P523, DOI 10.1016/0149-7634(84)90009-5 HALBREICH U, 1982, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V54, P1262 HILL SD, 1977, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V10, P579, DOI 10.1002/dev.420100612 Hoshino Y., 1987, JAP J PSYCHIATR NEUR, V41, P228 HOSHINO Y, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P445 INAMURA K, 1984, JPN J CHILD ADOLESC, V25, P205 JENSEN JB, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61085-2 MAHER KR, 1975, J NERV MENT DIS, V161, P180, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197509000-00005 MINORS DS, 1988, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V13, P443, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(88)90030-3 MOORE A, 1985, ANN CLIN BIOCHEM, V22, P435 Moore-Ede M. C., 1982, CLOCKS TIME US MOOREEDE MC, 1983, NEW ENGL J MED, V309, P469, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198308253090806 ONISHI S, 1983, PEDIATRICS, V72, P399 PRIOR MR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P8, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.8 REINBERG A, 1985, J ENDOCRINOL, V105, P247, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1050247 REINIS S, 1980, DEV BRAIN BIOL FUNCT RIADFAHMY D, 1982, ENDOCR REV, V3, P367 SANDMAN CA, 1985, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V23, P21, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(85)90124-8 SAPOLSKY RM, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1047 SEGAWA M, 1985, SHINKEI KENKYU NO SH, V29, P140 TOUITOU Y, 1983, J ENDOCRINOL, V96, P53, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.0960053 Yamazaki K., 1971, JAPAN J CHILD ADOLES, V12, P275 YAMAZAKI K, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01540679 YUWILER A, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P421, DOI 10.1007/BF01540533 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 433 EP 447 DI 10.1007/BF01048245 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200008 PM 1400105 ER PT J AU MODAHL, C FEIN, D WATERHOUSE, L NEWTON, N AF MODAHL, C FEIN, D WATERHOUSE, L NEWTON, N TI DOES OXYTOCIN DEFICIENCY MEDIATE SOCIAL DEFICITS IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID BRAIN; PEPTIDES C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,STORRS,CT 06268. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. TRENTON STATE COLL,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. RP MODAHL, C (reprint author), BOSTON CITY HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BICKNELL RJ, 1988, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V396, P297 CHAMBERLAIN RS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V28, P773, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90513-2 INSEL T, IN PRESS PSYCHONEURO KAWARABAYASHI T, 1990, OBSTET GYNECOL, V76, P183 MODAHL C, 1992, DOES OXYTOCIN MEDIAT NEWTON N, 1973, CONT SEXUAL BEHAV CR, P77 RIMLAND B, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS68 SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01495056 SANDMAN CA, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V579, P91, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48353.x NR 10 TC 29 Z9 31 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1007/BF01048246 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200009 PM 1400106 ER PT J AU OHTAKI, E KAWANO, Y URABE, F KOMORI, H HORIKAWA, M YAMASHITA, Y KATAFUCHI, Y KURIYA, N MATSUISHI, T YAMASHITA, F AF OHTAKI, E KAWANO, Y URABE, F KOMORI, H HORIKAWA, M YAMASHITA, Y KATAFUCHI, Y KURIYA, N MATSUISHI, T YAMASHITA, F TI THE PREVALENCE OF RETT SYNDROME AND INFANTILE-AUTISM IN CHIKUGO DISTRICT, THE SOUTHWESTERN AREA OF FUKUOKA PREFECTURE, JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; GIRLS RP OHTAKI, E (reprint author), KURUME UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD HLTH,67 ASAHI MACHI,KURUME,FUKUOKA 830,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT FUJINO K, 1989, No To Hattatsu, V21, P517 HAGBERG B, 1985, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V74, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10993.x HAGBERG B, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P451 Ishii T, 1983, JAPANESE J CHILD ADO, p[24, 311] KERR AM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P77 MATSUISHI T, 1987, J CHILD NEUROL, V2, P268 SUZUKI H, 1989, No To Hattatsu, V21, P430 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF01487267 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 452 EP 454 DI 10.1007/BF01048248 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JK172 UT WOS:A1992JK17200011 PM 1400108 ER PT J AU CHARMAN, T BARONCOHEN, S AF CHARMAN, T BARONCOHEN, S TI UNDERSTANDING DRAWINGS AND BELIEFS - A FURTHER TEST OF THE METAREPRESENTATION THEORY OF AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Note DE AUTISM; METAREPRESENTATION; THEORY OF MIND; DRAWING ID CHILDS THEORY; MIND; REPRESENTATION; REALITY AB Leslie (1987, Psychological Review, 94, 412-426) proposed that the "theory of mind" deficit in autism was the result of a metarepresentation impairment. Studies employing False Photograph or Belief tests have shown that in autism the deficit is restricted to representing mental representations, and does not extend to representing pictorial representations. In this study, we tested this claim further using a False Drawing test. Subjects with autism performed at the same level as mentally handicapped or normal 4-year-old subjects on the False Drawing test, but significantly worse on the False Belief test. This confirmed the specificity of the deficit in autism. C1 UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RP CHARMAN, T (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 CHARMAN T, IN PRESS BRIT J DEV DeMyer M., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P169 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Harris P., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS Leslie A. M., 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, IN PRESS COGNITION LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LESLIE AM, 1991, NATURAL THOERIES MIN LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x POLLACK J, 1989, UNPUB CHILDRENS UNDE Raven JC., 1956, COLOURED PROGR MATRI REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C Selfe L., 1977, NADIA CASE EXTRAORDI WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 ZAITCHIK D, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P41, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90036-J NR 30 TC 81 Z9 82 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1112 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JL833 UT WOS:A1992JL83300012 PM 1400691 ER PT J AU MINSHEW, NJ MUENZ, LR GOLDSTEIN, G PAYTON, JB AF MINSHEW, NJ MUENZ, LR GOLDSTEIN, G PAYTON, JB TI NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN NONMENTALLY-RETARDED AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; MEMORY AB To investigate several neurobiological theories we evaluated the neuropsychological functioning of 15 non-mentally retarded autistic adolescents and young adults and 15 controls matched on age, gender, IQ, and race. The autistic subjects were found to perform less well than controls on measures of abstraction involving cognitive flexibility, verbal reasoning, complex memory, and complex language comprehension in the absence of significant differences on measures of attention, associative memory, and the rule-learning aspects of abstraction. These findings are most consistent with a generalized abnormality in complex information processing and would not support theories purporting fundamental deficits in attention or information acquisition. C1 HIGHLAND DR VET ADM MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA. HIGHLAND HOSP,ASHEVILLE,NC. RP MINSHEW, NJ (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,3811 OHARA ST,SUITE 208,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. CR AMELI R, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02211878 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, V1, P129 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 Benton AL, 1976, MULTILINGUAL APHASIA BENTON A L, 1981, Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, V3, P33, DOI 10.1080/01688638108403111 CHELUNE GJ, 1986, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V8, P219, DOI 10.1080/01688638608401314 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02212714 Delis D. 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P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P85 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RYAN C, 1980, BIOL EFFECTS ALCOHOL, P701 SIMES RJ, 1986, BIOMETRIKA, V73, P751, DOI 10.2307/2336545 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WILG EH, 1985, TEST LANGUAGE COMPET World Health Organization, 1990, INT CLASS DIS, V10th NR 43 TC 130 Z9 130 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 14 IS 5 BP 749 EP 761 DI 10.1080/01688639208402860 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA JY191 UT WOS:A1992JY19100008 PM 1474143 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, BV ASARNOW, R TANGUAY, P CALL, JD ABEL, L HO, A LOTT, I BUCHSBAUM, MS AF SIEGEL, BV ASARNOW, R TANGUAY, P CALL, JD ABEL, L HO, A LOTT, I BUCHSBAUM, MS TI REGIONAL CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-METABOLISM AND ATTENTION IN ADULTS WITH A HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE-TEST; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; BASAL GANGLIA; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDER; CORTEX AB Sixteen high-functioning adults with a history of childhood autism and 26 normal control subjects underwent [F-18]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography to assess regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate (GMR). Autistic patients had a left > right anterior rectal gyrus asymmetry, as opposed to the normal right > left asymmetry in that region. Patients also showed low GMR in the left posterior putamen and high GMR in the right posterior calcarine cortex. Brain regions with GMR > 3 SD from the normal mean were more prevalent in patients than in control subjects. This variable pattern of abnormal activity is consistent with heterogeneous neurophysiological etiology; group differences in striatum and cortex may represent a final common pathway. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,COLL MED,IRVINE,CA 92717. CR DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P479, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90170-3 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1986, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V10, P137, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(86)90036-4 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P251 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1989, LIFE SCI, V45, P1349, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90021-0 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P1159 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF01046407 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1980, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V51, P707 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P216, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.2.216 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1987, LIFE SCI, V40, P2393, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90753-3 CHESS S, 1979, CONGENITAL ACQUIRED, P277 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DIXON WJ, 1981, BMDP STATISTICAL SOF FEIN D, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P258, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.2.258 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GARRETSON HB, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF02206860 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 HEH CWC, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P242 HEROLD S, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P823 HOFFMANN W L, 1982, Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, V4, P27, DOI 10.1080/01688638208401114 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 KOEGEL RL, 1973, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V15, P442, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(73)90094-5 LOVAAS OI, 1971, BEHAV RES THER, V9, P305, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90042-8 LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 Matsui T, 1978, ATLAS HUMAN BRAIN CO NUECHTERLEIN KH, 1983, SCIENCE, V220, P327, DOI 10.1126/science.6836276 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V19, P85, DOI 10.3109/00207458309148648 PHELPS ME, 1979, ANN NEUROL, V6, P371, DOI 10.1002/ana.410060502 PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 RAPOPORT JL, 1983, J CEREBRAL BLOOD S1, V3, P264 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 RUSSELL AT, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P399, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00017 SOKOLOFF L, 1977, J NEUROCHEM, V28, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10649.x SWEDO SE, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P518 THIVIERGE J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1609 NR 39 TC 62 Z9 62 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 4 IS 4 BP 406 EP 414 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA JW450 UT WOS:A1992JW45000005 PM 1422167 ER PT J AU ROSENGREN, LE AHLSEN, G BELFRAGE, M GILLBERG, C HAGLID, KG HAMBERGER, A AF ROSENGREN, LE AHLSEN, G BELFRAGE, M GILLBERG, C HAGLID, KG HAMBERGER, A TI A SENSITIVE ELISA FOR GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN - APPLICATION IN CSF OF CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE ELISA; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; S-100 PROTEIN; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; INFANTILE AUTISM; (CHILDREN) ID 2-SITE IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY; NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; S-100 PROTEIN; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENT; AUTISM; ANTIBODIES; DAMAGE; GFA AB In the present study we describe a sensitive ELISA for determination of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). To validate the method combined determinations of GFAP and S-100 protein were performed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal children and children with autism. The GFAP ELISA is of sandwich type and uses the biotin-avidin system. Sensitivity was 16 pg/ml. Between-day precision was 0.079 (coeff. of varience). S-100 protein concentrations were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Normal CSF from children and young adults were analysed. The CSF levels of GFAP in normal children were low (16-163 pg/ml). Both GFAP and S-100 protein concentrations correlated with age (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), but the GFAP increment was more pronounced, probably reflecting the age-dependent expansion of the fibrillary astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP levels in children with infantile autism were higher than those in normal children of the same age range. S-100 protein concentrations were similar in both groups. High levels of GFAP in combination with normal S-100 protein concentrations in CSF indicates reactive astrogliosis in the CNS. In conclusion, the sensitive ELISA described makes it possible to measure low levels of GFAP present in the CSF of children. Combined assays of GFAP and S-100 protein can be used to discriminate between acute and chronic brain disorders in children. RP ROSENGREN, LE (reprint author), UNIV GOTEBORG,INST NEUROBIOL,MEDICINAREGATAN 5,S-41390 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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Neurosci. Methods PD SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0165-0270(92)90004-W PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA JX508 UT WOS:A1992JX50800004 PM 1474847 ER PT J AU STAVROU, E FRENCH, JL AF STAVROU, E FRENCH, JL TI THE K-ABC AND COGNITIVE PROCESSING STYLES IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; LEFT-RIGHT ASYMMETRIES; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; BRAIN; LANGUAGE; DYSFUNCTION; ABILITIES; QUESTION AB The theoretical basis of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and its potential for use as a diagnostic instrument with autistic children was evaluated. Because it has been suggested that a central cognitive defect results in the deficits of autistic children in processing information in a sequential manner, autistic children should favor a simultaneous information-processing style as reflected in their performance on the K-ABC. A multiple discriminant analysis yielded no significant discriminant function that could differentiate a group of autistic children from a nonautistic control group of comparable cognitive ability on the basis of their K-ABC performance. In addition, t tests did not suggest a significant difference between Simultaneous and Sequential scores for either group, raising questions about whether autistic children truly possess deficits in sequential skills. The results of this study support the use of the K-ABC as a measure of general intellectual functioning but not as a measure of simultaneous and sequential processing. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP STAVROU, E (reprint author), COLL WILLIAM & MARY,SCH EDUC,PROGRAM SCH PSYCHOL,WILLIAMSBURG,VA 23185, USA. 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Sch. Psychol. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1016/0022-4405(92)90010-3 PG 9 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA JF315 UT WOS:A1992JF31500004 ER PT J AU HILLBRAND, M AF HILLBRAND, M TI SELF-DIRECTED AND OTHER-DIRECTED AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR IN A FORENSIC SAMPLE SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; VIOLENT; SYMPTOMS; SUICIDE AB Fifty habitually aggressive men were assessed for self-directed aggressive behavior (SDAB) and other-directed aggressive behavior (ODAB). Subjects displaying SDAB were compared with subjects exhibiting exclusively ODAB. The former were found to engage in more frequent acts of verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects, and physical aggression against others, as well as in more severe acts of verbal aggression and physical aggression against others. 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PD FAL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 333 EP 340 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA JR105 UT WOS:A1992JR10500005 PM 1440747 ER PT J AU LENSING, P KLINGLER, D PANKSEPP, J HUBER, M SARIA, A HACKENBERG, B ADAM, H AF LENSING, P KLINGLER, D PANKSEPP, J HUBER, M SARIA, A HACKENBERG, B ADAM, H TI OPIOID HYPOTHESIS ON THE ORIGIN OF EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM AND CONSEQUENCES FOR DRUG-THERAPY SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Review DE EARLY INFANTILE AUTISM; OPIOID ACTIVITY IN BRAIN; OPIOID BLOCKADE; THERAPY; REVIEW ARTICLE ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE 4-9; ANALGESIC NITROUS-OXIDE; BRAIN OPIATE RECEPTORS; BETA-ENDORPHIN; RAT-BRAIN; ENDOGENOUS OPIATES; TOURETTES SYNDROME; PRENATAL STRESS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR C1 ALLGEMEIN OFFENTLICHEN KRANKENHAUS STADT LINZ,NEUROL PSYCHIAT ABT,A-4020 LINZ,AUSTRIA. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 185 EP 196 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA JM191 UT WOS:A1992JM19100007 PM 1329399 ER PT J AU RYAN, RM AF RYAN, RM TI TREATMENT-RESISTANT CHRONIC MENTAL-ILLNESS - IS IT ASPERGERS SYNDROME SO HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; MODEL AB In some cases of treatment-resistant chronic mental illness, it may be useful to reconsider the primary diagnosis. Patients with Asperger's syndrome, a rare pervasive developmental disorder, have characteristics such as eccentricities, emotional lability, anxiety, poor social functioning, repetitive behavior, and fixed habits that can mimic symptoms of other illnesses, including schizophrenia spectrum illness, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Their disorganizing anxiety in response to stress, which may be accompanied by increased oddness of speech, can easily be misinterpreted as psychosis. The author describes features of Asperger's syndrome, discusses differential diagnosis, and presents care examples. A habilitative treatment plan that concentrates on modifying the patient's eccentricities into strengths and carefully tailors the work and living situation may be effective with some patients. C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DUAL DIAG PROGRAM,DENVER,CO 80262. RP RYAN, RM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PROGRAMS PUBL PSYCHIAT,4200 E 9TH AVE,CAMPUS BOX C-249-27,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02212714 CURCIO F, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P81 GILLBERG C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01531783 GILLBERG C, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P641 KERBESHIAN J, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P721, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.5.721 MAWSON D, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P566, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.5.566 QUILL K, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF02212861 ROGERS SJ, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P207, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00010 ROSENBERGERDEBIESSE J, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P385, DOI 10.1007/BF01531667 SPITZER RL, 1989, DSM 3 R CASEBOOK TREFFERT DA, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P563 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P417 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY VOLKMAR FR, 1991, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V42, P33 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1390, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182109 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0022-1597 J9 HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH PD AUG PY 1992 VL 43 IS 8 BP 807 EP 811 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA JF777 UT WOS:A1992JF77700010 PM 1427681 ER PT J AU LOPREIATO, JO WULFSBERG, EA AF LOPREIATO, JO WULFSBERG, EA TI A COMPLEX CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENT IN A BOY WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; ETIOLOGY; COMPLEX CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENT; MENTAL RETARDATION ID FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Autism is a rare behavioral phenotype defined by a qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction, impairment in communication and imaginative activity, and a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests. It is the most severe and prototypical form of the general category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders of Childhood. Using even strict diagnostic criteria, the currently described etiologies of autism are heterogeneous, with the majority of cases continuing to be idiopathic. At present, it is not clear whether autism is merely a behaviorally defined phenotype arising from diverse etiologies or a separate category of psychological dysfunction for which some unifying etiology exists. Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCR) are rare structural abnormalities involving at least three chromosomes and three or more break-points. We report a 6.5-year-old boy with classic infantile autism and a CCR involving chromosomes 1, 7, and 21. We discuss the possible relationship of his chromosome abnormality to the etiology of his autism. RP LOPREIATO, JO (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P33 BOGART MH, 1985, AM J MED GENET, V23, P180 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x HANSEN A, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF01539002 KLECZKOWSKA A, 1988, ANN GENET-PARIS, V31, P126 KOUSSEFF BG, 1987, AM J MED GENET, V26, P771, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320260403 LEVITAS A, 1983, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V4, P151, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198309000-00002 MARINER R, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF01531709 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 SEABRIGH.M, 1972, CHROMOSOMA, V36, P204 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 WAHLSTROM J, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V32, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320320105 WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P462 WOLRAICH M, 1970, NEW ENGL J MED, V283, P1231 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 281 EP 283 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA JH137 UT WOS:A1992JH13700008 PM 1506468 ER PT J AU HAMBERGER, A GILLBERG, C PALM, A HAGBERG, B AF HAMBERGER, A GILLBERG, C PALM, A HAGBERG, B TI ELEVATED CSF GLUTAMATE IN RETT SYNDROME SO NEUROPEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE RETT SYNDROME; CSF; AMINO ACIDS; GLUTAMATE; EXCITOTOXICITY; AUTISM ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; AMINO-ACIDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIZATION AB The concentration of free amino acids was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of four patients with Rett syndrome. The reference material were patients with autistic disorder who had CSF aminoacid levels similar to those reported for healthy children. The concentration of glutamate - but of no other amino acid - was markedly elevated in the CSF of the RS patients. The results are discussed in the context of excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disease. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-40033 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT 2,S-40033 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP HAMBERGER, A (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,INST NEUROBIOL,POB 33031,S-40033 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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Med. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 805 EP 813 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JN349 UT WOS:A1992JN34900026 PM 1410103 ER PT J AU FOMBONNE, E DUMAZAUBRUN, C AF FOMBONNE, E DUMAZAUBRUN, C TI PREVALENCE OF INFANTILE-AUTISM IN 4 FRENCH REGIONS SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSES; TOTAL POPULATION; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; COMPLICATIONS; PREGNANCY; JAPAN AB A survey conducted in four French regions identified a sample of 154 autistic children born in the birth cohorts 1972 and 1976. Their mean ages were respectively 6.9 and 5.5 years when their handicaps were registered to local administrative services. The overall prevalence estimate is 4.9/10,000, with little difference between the two cohorts. The boy/girl sex ratio is 2.1:1, and more than two thirds are mentally retarded. The SES distribution does not deviate from census data. 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Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1007/BF00789007 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA JK497 UT WOS:A1992JK49700008 PM 1411750 ER PT J AU BIKLEN, D MORTON, MW GOLD, D BERRIGAN, C SWAMINATHAN, S AF BIKLEN, D MORTON, MW GOLD, D BERRIGAN, C SWAMINATHAN, S TI FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; ABILITIES; CHILDHOOD; ECHOLALIA RP BIKLEN, D (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,SCH EDUC,DIV SPECIAL EDUC & REHABIL,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. 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H., 1980, EMERGING LANGUAGE AU FULKERSON SC, 1980, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V50, P331 Glaser B., 1967, DISCOVERY GROUNDED T Goetz JP, 1984, ETHNOGRAPHY QUALITAT GOODWIN MS, 1969, MENT HYG, V53, P550 HAGEN C, 1987, TOP LANG DISORD, V8, P34 JOHNSON I, 1989, J SOCIAL WORK PRACTI, V4, P13, DOI 10.1080/02650538908413409 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 KELSO JAS, 1981, BRAIN LANG, V12, P224, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(81)90016-X KNOBLOCK P, 1982, TEACHING MAINSTREAMI LOSCHE G, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P749, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00815.x MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 McCall G., 1969, ISSUES PARTICIPANT O Miller N., 1986, DYSPRAXIA ITS MANAGE MISHLER EG, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P415 Oppenheim Rosalind, 1974, EFFECTIVE TEACHING M PAUL R, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 PRIZANT BM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P241 PRIZANT BM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE PRIZANT BM, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P296 PRIZANT BM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P183 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 RIMLAND B, 1990, AUTISM RES REV INT, V4, P3 RUTTER M, 1978, AUTISM Sacks Oliver, 1990, AWAKENINGS SCHAWLOW AT, 1985, INTEGRATING MODERATE, P5 Schopler E., 1980, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES TAYLOR S, 1984, INTRO QU-ALITATIVE R WHITEHOUSE D, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02409579 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0271-8294 J9 TOP LANG DISORD JI Top. Lang. Disord. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1 EP 28 PG 28 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA JD528 UT WOS:A1992JD52800003 ER PT J AU SILLIMAN, ER AF SILLIMAN, ER TI 3 PERSPECTIVES OF FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - UNEXPECTED LITERACY, CLEVER HANS, OR ENIGMA SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM RP SILLIMAN, ER (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT COMMUN SCI & DISORDERS,TAMPA,FL 33620, USA. RI Silliman, Elaine/A-6809-2009 CR Biklen D., 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P15 BIKLEN D, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P21 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 CALCULATOR S, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P23 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P18 CATTS HW, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P422 CATTS HW, 1989, READING DISABILITIES EHRI LC, 1989, READING WRITING CONN Evertson C. M., 1986, HDB RES TEACHING GALLAGHER TM, 1991, PRAGMATICS LANGUAGE HAGEN C, 1987, TOP LANG DISORD, V8, P34 Hediger H.K.P., 1981, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, V364, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb34459.x JUEL C, 1990, ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTI KAVALE KA, 1990, INTERVENTION RES LEA KIRCHNER D, 1991, PRAGMATICS LANGUAGE MCLEAN J, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P25 MIRENDA P, 1988, TOP LANG DISORD, V9, P24 Olswang L B, 1990, ASHA, V32, P45 PAUL R, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE PRIZANT BM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE PRIZANT BM, 1988, TOP LANG DISORD, V9, P1 Rosenthal R., 1981, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V364, P182, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb34472.x Silliman E. R., 1991, COMMUNICATING LEARNI NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0271-8294 J9 TOP LANG DISORD JI Top. Lang. Disord. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP 60 EP 68 PG 9 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA JD528 UT WOS:A1992JD52800006 ER PT J AU DONNELLAN, AM SABIN, LA MAJURE, LA AF DONNELLAN, AM SABIN, LA MAJURE, LA TI FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - BEYOND THE QUANDARY TO THE QUESTIONS SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID HYPERLEXIA; AUTISM RP DONNELLAN, AM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH EDUC,DEPT REHABIL PSYCHOL & SPECIAL EDUC,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. CR Adams RD, 1989, PRINCIPLES NEUROLOGY Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION BIKOLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P18 CONDON WS, 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN CROSSLEY R, 1988, UNEXPECTED COMMUNICA CROSSLEY R, 1990, C AUSTR ASS SPECIAL CUMMINS R, IN PRESS HARVARD ED DEMASIO A, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DEMEYER M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V2, P359 Donnellan A., 1984, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V9, P141 DONNELLAN A, 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P16 Donnellan A. M., 1988, PROGR PUNISHMENT EFF DONNELLAN AM, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI DONNELLAN AM, 1980, CRITICAL ISSUES ED A DONNELLAN AM, 1990, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES DONNELLANWALSH A, 1976, TEACHING MAKES DIFFE Ellis A. W., 1988, HUMAN COGNITIVE NEUR FALVEY M, 1978, CURRICULAR STRATEGIE, V8 Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x GLEICK J, 1989, NY TIMES BOOK REV, P41 GOODMAN J, 1972, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V13, P167 GOODWIN MS, 1969, MENT HYG, V53, P550 Harris D., 1982, TOP LANG DISORD, V2, P21 HIGGENBOTHAM DJ, 1988, VOCALLY IMPAIRED CLI HUTTENLO.PR, 1973, NEUROLOGY, V23, P1107 *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, INV REL VAL ASS COMM JONES RSP, 1991, IRISH J PSYCHOL, V12, P1 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KELSO JAS, 1981, BRAIN LANG, V12, P224, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(81)90016-X KILMAN BA, 1981, 1981 P INT C AUT WAS KILMAN BA, 1986, UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL KOEGEL RL, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-1 LAVIGNA GW, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF01537725 LEARY MR, 1991, OCT C FAC COMM TOR LENT JR, 1976, TEACHING SPECIAL CHI LURIA AR, 1986, MIND MNEMONIST MAJURE LA, 1992, POST TRAUMATIC STRES MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 McCann L., 1990, PSYCHOL TRAUMA ADULT MCCLURE PH, 1983, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V5, P145 MCGEE JJ, 1990, MENTAL HANDICAP NZ, V9, P19 MCLEAN J, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P25 Mirenda P., 1988, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V3, P1 Mirenda P., 1986, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V17, P126 RAPIN I, 1982, CHILDRENS BRAIN DYSF RIMLAND B, 1978, COGNITIVE DEFECTS DE RIMLAND B, 1978, PSYCHOL TODAY, V12, P68 RUTTER M, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON SABIN L, 1991, UNPUB AUTISM WRITTEN SABIN L, 1991, UNPUB TESTING PERFOR Sacks O., 1987, MAN SHATTERED WORLD Sacks Oliver, 1990, AWAKENINGS SCHAWLOW AT, 1985, INTEGRATING MODERATE SCHOPLER E, 1992, 5TH ESTATE SCHULER A, 1980, EMERGING LANGUAGE AU Sebeok T.A., 1981, CLEVER HANS PHENOMEN SILBERBERG NE, 1967, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V34, P41 STAHL SA, 1990, BEGINNING READ THINK Stern D. N., 1984, FRONTIERS INFANT PSY Tinbergen EA, 1972, ADV ETHOLOGY, V10 WHITEHOUSE D, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02409579 WOODS TS, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0271-8294 J9 TOP LANG DISORD JI Top. Lang. Disord. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP 69 EP 82 PG 14 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA JD528 UT WOS:A1992JD52800007 ER PT J AU BIKLEN, D CROSSLEY, R AF BIKLEN, D CROSSLEY, R TI FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - IMPLICATIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES - FOREWORD SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 DEAL,CTR COMMUN,CAULFIELD,VIC,AUSTRALIA. RP BIKLEN, D (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,SCH EDUC,DIV SPECIAL EDUC & REHABIL,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0271-8294 J9 TOP LANG DISORD JI Top. Lang. Disord. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP R6 EP R6 PG 1 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA JD528 UT WOS:A1992JD52800002 ER PT J AU BUTLER, KG AF BUTLER, KG TI FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - IMPLICATIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIND C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,CTR LANGUAGE RES,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. RP BUTLER, KG (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,CHAIR COMM SCI & DISORDERS,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Biklen D., 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P15 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P18 CROSSLEY R, 1988, UNPUB OCT M INT SOC EPICTETUS, 1966, SEMBLANCE THINGS ARE, pCH18 GOVE PB, 1976, WEBSTERS 3RD NEW INT HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x KASARI C, IN PRESS SOCIAL USE MCLEAN J, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P25 MILLER P, 1988, TOPICS LANGUAGE DISO, V9 Partridge E., 1983, ORIGINS SHORT ETYMOL PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x TAGERFLUSBERG J, 1989, APR THEOR MIND AUT B NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0271-8294 J9 TOP LANG DISORD JI Top. Lang. Disord. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP R4 EP R5 PG 2 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA JD528 UT WOS:A1992JD52800001 ER PT J AU ZILBOVICIUS, M GARREAU, B TZOURIO, N MAZOYER, B BRUCK, B MARTINOT, JL RAYNAUD, C SAMSON, Y SYROTA, A LELORD, G AF ZILBOVICIUS, M GARREAU, B TZOURIO, N MAZOYER, B BRUCK, B MARTINOT, JL RAYNAUD, C SAMSON, Y SYROTA, A LELORD, G TI REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM - A SPECT STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; BRAIN; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; DYSPHASIA AB Objective: The authors investigated a possible cortical brain dysfunction associated with infantile autism. Method: They measured regional cerebral blood flow with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and xenon-133 in 21 children with primary autism (according to DSM-III-R criteria). Five cortical brain areas including frontal, temporal, and sensory association cortices were examined in order to test the recent hypothesis of cerebral dysfunction in primary autism. Anatomical references for each subject were obtained with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and were used to delimit the regions of interest for SPECT analysis. Results: When the results from the group with primary autism were compared with an age-matched group of nonautistic children with slight to moderate language disorders (N=14), no cortical regional abnormalities were found. Conclusions: It appears that there is no regional cortical dysfunction in primary autism; however, in light of methodological limitations, one cannot exclude the possibility of more localized or subcortical brain dysfunctions in autism. C1 CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. RP ZILBOVICIUS, M (reprint author), CEA,DIRECT SCI VIVANT,SERV HOSP FREDERIC JOLIOT,4 PL GEN LECLERC,F-91406 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Tzourio-Mazoyer, Nathalie/B-5598-2008; mazoyer, bernard/A-5369-2009; Mazoyer, Bernard/B-6303-2012 OI Mazoyer, Bernard/0000-0003-0970-2837 CR ABLEITNER A, 1987, BRAIN RES, V403, P82, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90125-9 ADRIEN JL, 1988, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V36, P253 AMARAL D, 1987, HDB PHYSL, V5 BARRY RJ, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01539634 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 CANTWELL DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02212715 CELSIS P, 1981, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V5, P641, DOI 10.1097/00004728-198110000-00006 CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DANSART P, 1988, ACTUALITE PSYCHIAT, V4, P8 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARREAU B, 1985, NEUROPSY, V1, P17 GARREAU B, 1987, SOINS PSYCHIATRIE, V82, P15 HIER DB, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531531 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOOTZ JP, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531308 KOOTZ JP, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P692, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198102000-00002 LELORD G, 1986, Encephale, V12, P71 LOU HC, 1990, LANCET, V335, P8, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90136-S LOU HC, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P825 Matsui T, 1978, ATLAS HUMAN BRAIN CO MCCULLOCH J, 1982, BRAIN RES, V243, P81, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(82)91122-2 MESULAM MM, 1987, PRINCIPLES BEHAVIORA NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P76 PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V78, P359 RAICHLE ME, 1976, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V33, P523 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 SHIRAHATA N, 1985, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V9, P861, DOI 10.1097/00004728-198509000-00004 TZOURIO N, IN PRESS J NEURORADI NR 37 TC 54 Z9 55 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 149 IS 7 BP 924 EP 930 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA JB015 UT WOS:A1992JB01500012 PM 1609873 ER PT J AU MURAKAMI, JW COURCHESNE, E HAAS, RH PRESS, GA YEUNGCOURCHESNE, R AF MURAKAMI, JW COURCHESNE, E HAAS, RH PRESS, GA YEUNGCOURCHESNE, R TI CEREBELLAR AND CEREBRAL ABNORMALITIES IN RETT SYNDROME - A QUANTITATIVE MR ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; AUTISM; MANAGEMENT; HYPOPLASIA; GIRLS; BRAIN AB Rett syndrome is a neurodegenerative disease of young girls that begins in early childhood with autismlike behavior and loss of language skills, and progresses with marked deterioration of the motor system in the second decade of life. The purpose of this study was to determine if neuroanatomic changes detected with MR imaging could help to explain the clinical presentation and progression of signs and symptoms in these patients. Accordingly, computer-assisted planimetry was used to measure various dimensions of cerebral, cerebellar, and brainstem structures on sagittal and transverse MR images of 13 patients with Rett syndrome and 10 healthy volunteers. Dimensions of the cerebrum, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brainstem were measured on transverse images. Areas of cerebellar vermian lobules, the fourth ventricle, the pituitary gland, and the corpus callosum were measured on sagittal images. Fourteen dimensions and areas were measured in each patient and each control subject; according to two-tailed Student's t tests, all but two values were significantly smaller in the patients with Rett syndrome than in control subjects. Graphing the measurements against age by using simple linear regression revealed progressive cerebellar atrophy without evidence of atrophy of the brainstem or cerebrum. Our results indicate that patients with Rett syndrome have global hypoplasia of the brain and progressive cerebellar atrophy increasing with age. Cerebellar atrophy with age may contribute to the deterioration of the motor system seen in older patients with Rett syndrome. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. KAISER HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,MAGNET RESONANCE SECT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92120. CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,8001 FROST ST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1991, IN PRESS NEUROPSYCHO ARIN DM, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V42, P307 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN M L, 1991, Neurology, V41, P306 BLINKOV SM, 1968, HUMAN BRAIN FIGURES, P123 BURD L, 1988, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V12, P283, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80060-5 BURD L, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, P263 CARPENTER MB, 1976, HUMAN NEUROANATOMY, P322 CASANOVA MF, IN PRESS J NEUROPSYC COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DOBBING J, 1973, ARCH DIS CHILD, V48, P757 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 HARRIS JC, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P201 HAYAKAWA K, 1989, RADIOLOGY, V172, P171 HSU M, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1160 HUTTENLOCHER PR, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P517, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90031-I JELLINGER K, 1988, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V76, P142 KRAGELOHMANN I, 1989, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V11, P175 MOESCHLER JB, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V82, P1 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 NAIDU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P61 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 OLDFORS A, 1990, PEDIATR NEUROL, V6, P310, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(90)90022-S REISS AL, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V31, P407, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320310220 Rett A, 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V29, P305 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 SUZUKI H, 1986, J CHILD NEUROL, V1, P137, DOI 10.1177/088307388600100208 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS6 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS17 WU XR, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P126, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90056-2 NR 32 TC 64 Z9 66 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 159 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JA200 UT WOS:A1992JA20000038 PM 1609693 ER PT J AU ZINGARELLI, G ELLMAN, G HOM, A WYMORE, M HEIDORN, S CHICZDEMET, A AF ZINGARELLI, G ELLMAN, G HOM, A WYMORE, M HEIDORN, S CHICZDEMET, A TI CLINICAL EFFECTS OF NALTREXONE ON AUTISTIC BEHAVIOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; NALOXONE AB Eight young adults who were diagnosed with autism were given the opiate antagonist naltrexone to control self-injurious behavior and maladaptive idiosyncratic mannerisms. The drug and placebo were administered in a double-blind crossover design over 17 weeks. Although one subject appeared to have partial decreases in maladaptive behaviors associated with naltrexone use, the drugs, as administered in this study, did not reduce the self-injurious and other maladaptive behaviors of the subjects. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP ZINGARELLI, G (reprint author), SONOMA DEV CTR,ELDRIDGE,CA 95431, USA. CR BECHWITH B E, 1986, Applied Research in Mental Retardation, V7, P183 CAMPBELL M, 1987, NALTREXONE AUTISITC DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT DEFIC, V90, P630 HERMAN BH, 1989, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V12, P81 HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 HERMAN BH, 1986, SOC NEUROSCI, V12, P172 RICHARDSON JS, 1983, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V18, P99 SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P101 SANDMAN CA, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P84 SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 SANDMAN CA, 1983, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V4, P5, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(83)80014-9 SANDYK R, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V17, P520, DOI 10.1002/ana.410170521 SZYMANSKI L, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P179, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90002-3 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 27 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 97 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA JD986 UT WOS:A1992JD98600006 PM 1497864 ER PT J AU FRYNS, JP KLECZKOWSKA, A AF FRYNS, JP KLECZKOWSKA, A TI AUTISM AND RING CHROMOSOME-18 MOSAICISM SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter RP FRYNS, JP (reprint author), CTR HUMAN GENET,HERESTR 49,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. CR ROCCHI M, 1984, CLIN GENET, V26, P156 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JF191 UT WOS:A1992JF19100015 PM 1516230 ER PT J AU MARTINEAU, J BARTHELEMY, C JOUVE, J MUH, JP LELORD, G AF MARTINEAU, J BARTHELEMY, C JOUVE, J MUH, JP LELORD, G TI MONOAMINES (SEROTONIN AND CATECHOLAMINES) AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN INFANTILE-AUTISM - AGE-RELATED-CHANGES AND DRUG EFFECTS SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; BLOOD SEROTONIN; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; CONJUGATED CATECHOLAMINES; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CHILDHOOD AUTISM AB Levels of dopamine (DA) and its derivatives homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3MT) and norepinephrine + epinephrine (NE + E), and serotonin (5HT) and its derivative 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) were determined from the urine of 156 autistic children aged two to 12 years 6 months, and compared with those of age-matched mentally retarded non-autistic and normal controls. Very significant group and age effects were found for DA, HVA, 3MT, NE + E and 5HT. High HVA, 3MT, NE + E and 5HT levels were found in autistic and non-autistic children. The DA, HVA, 3MT, NE + E, 5HT and 5HIAA levels decreased significantly with age in the three groups. Significantly decreased levels of DA and HVA were observed in autistic children on haloperidol, compared with non-medicated autistic children. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of a maturation defect of monoaminergic systems in autism. C1 CTR HOSP REG UNIV BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,BIOCHIM MED LAB,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CTR HOSP REG UNIV BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,UNITE EXPLORAT FONCT PSYCHOPATHOL,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. RP MARTINEAU, J (reprint author), CTR HOSP REG UNIV BRETONNEAU,INSERM,2 BLVD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 34 IS 7 BP 593 EP 603 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA HY842 UT WOS:A1992HY84200005 PM 1380929 ER PT J AU WARREN, RP SINGH, VK COLE, P ODELL, JD PINGREE, CB WARREN, WL DEWITT, CW MCCULLOUGH, M AF WARREN, RP SINGH, VK COLE, P ODELL, JD PINGREE, CB WARREN, WL DEWITT, CW MCCULLOUGH, M TI POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF THE EXTENDED MHC HAPLOTYPE-B44-SC30-DR4 WITH AUTISM SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID HAPLOTYPES AB We previously reported that the complement C4B null allele appears to be associated with infantile autism. Since the C4B null allele is known to be part of the extended or ancestral haplotype [B44-SC30-DR4], we investigated the incidence of [B44-SC30-DR4] in 21 autistic children and their parents. This extended haplotype was increased by almost six-fold in the autistic subjects as compared with healthy controls. 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In indigenous families, typical autism seems no more common now than 10 years ago. Genetic factors play a part in causing autism and Asperger syndrome. Certain medical syndromes carry a relatively high risk of concomitant autistic symptoms. Evidence for non-specific brain dysfunction is often found in autism and autistic-like conditions. The search for the underlying clue to the riddle of autism may be futile. Autism might be best conceptualized as a behavioural syndrome reflecting underlying brain dysfunction which shades into other clinical syndromes. A new class of disorders of empathy is proposed. RP GILLBERG, CL (reprint author), UNIV GOTEBORG,CTR CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 813 EP 842 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x PG 30 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JD687 UT WOS:A1992JD68700002 PM 1634591 ER PT J AU BOUCHER, J LEWIS, V AF BOUCHER, J LEWIS, V TI UNFAMILIAR FACE RECOGNITION IN RELATIVELY ABLE AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; RECOGNITION; FACES; BUILDINGS ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEFICITS; PERCEPTION; EMOTION AB Two experiments were carried out assessing autistic children's recognition, discrimination, and fixation of unfamiliar faces and unfamiliar buildings. The experiments showed that (i) unfamiliar face recognition is impaired relative to normal peers, non-verbal ability matched and verbal ability matched controls. Relative to verbal ability matched controls (ii) recognition of buildings is normal; (iii) there is an enhanced discrepancy between face discrimination and buildings discrimination, in favour of buildings; and (iv) fixation is normal, Analysis of the results suggests that impaired face recognition does not result from impaired attention or discrimination C1 UNIV WARWICK,DEPT PSYCHOL,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP BOUCHER, J (reprint author), UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT PSYCHOL,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR Bishop D. V. M., 1989, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 BRUCE V, 1988, REMEMBERING FACES CAREY S, 1981, PERCEIVING REMEMBERI, P12 ELLIS HD, 1979, PERCEPTION, V8, P431, DOI 10.1068/p080431 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FOTHERINGHAM JB, 1987, SCIENCE, V238, P1496, DOI 10.1126/science.238.4833.1496-b FRITH U, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P94 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN HERMELIN B, 1967, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V8, P167 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 LANGDELL T, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00468.x Miyashita M, 1988, JAPANESE J PSYCHOL, V59, P206 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x RAVEN J, 1963, COLOURED PROGRSSIVE RICHER J, 1976, ANIM BEHAV, V24, P898, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(76)80020-6 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x SPIKER D, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P214, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00285.x TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00274.x TIMBERGEN EA, 1972, ADV ETHOLOGY, V10, P1 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00270.x WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x NR 25 TC 202 Z9 204 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 843 EP 859 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01960.x PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JD687 UT WOS:A1992JD68700003 PM 1634592 ER PT J AU KLIN, A VOLKMAR, FR SPARROW, SS AF KLIN, A VOLKMAR, FR SPARROW, SS TI AUTISTIC SOCIAL DYSFUNCTION - SOME LIMITATIONS OF THE THEORY OF MIND HYPOTHESIS SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; SOCIAL DYSFUNCTION; THEORY OF MIND ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SYMBOLIC PLAY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDS APPRAISAL; EXPRESSIONS; DEFICITS; ATTACHMENT; EMOTION AB This study examined the extent to which the social disabilities found in autism can be accounted for by the "Theory of Mind" hypothesis. Items related to social development from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were administered to 29 CA-, MA- and IQ-matched pairs of young autistic and non-autistic, developmentally disabled children. These items were evaluated in relation to expected ages of acquisition based on the Vineland standardization database. Our results indicate that the social dysfunction in autism affects very basic and early emerging social behaviors which are typically present prior to the time at which even the earliest precursors of a theory of mind apparently emerge. RP KLIN, A (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,230 S FRONTAGE RD,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARON-COHEN S, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P81, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028274 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, EMERGENCE MINDREADIN BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 Bronfenbrenner U, 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV BROOKSGUNN J, 1985, CHILDREN EMOTIONAL D BROTHERS L, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P10 Cairns R. B., 1979, SOCIAL DEV ORIGINS P COHEN DJ, 1980, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, V3, P383 COHEN J, 1988, STATISTICAL POWER AN COHN JF, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P68, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.23.1.68 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FEIN GG, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1095, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03157.x FREMAN BJ, 1988, J AM ACADEMY CHILD A, V27, P428 FRITH U, 1990, AUG EUR DEV PSYCH C HOBSON RP, 1989, AUTISM NAURE DIAGNOS HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B KAYE K, 1980, DEV PSYCHOL, V16, P454, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.16.5.454 LABARBERA JD, 1976, CHILD DEV, V47, P535, DOI 10.2307/1128816 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEWIN K, 1942, CHILDHOOD ED, V19, P53 LOTTER V, 1987, AUTISM REAPRAISAL CO LOVELAND KA, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P84 MAYES LC, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P754, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02818.x ORNITZ EM, 1989, AUTISM NEW PERSPECTI PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 PERRY A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02212717 Piaget J., 1970, PRINCIPLES GENETIC E Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 PROVENCE S, 1987, DEV DIAGNOSIS TEST M Radke-Yarrow M, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4 RAPIN E, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RUTTER M, 1907, INFANTILE AUTISM CON Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 SCAIFE M, 1975, NATURE, V253, P265, DOI 10.1038/253265a0 SHAPIRO T, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P480, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00003 Siegel S., 1988, NONPARAMETRIC STATIS SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SPARROW S, 1989, MAJOR PSYCHOL ASSESS, V2 Sparrow S., 1985, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Terman LM, 1960, STANFORD BINET INTEL UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 Volkmar F. R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE VOLKMAR FR, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1390, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182109 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH VOLKMAR FR, 1991, SCREENING AUTISM DEV VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF01837898 WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE Wing L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT NR 71 TC 78 Z9 80 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 861 EP 876 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JD687 UT WOS:A1992JD68700004 PM 1378847 ER PT J AU BOWLER, DM AF BOWLER, DM TI THEORY OF MIND IN ASPERGERS SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT LONDON CONF OF THE BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC CY DEC, 1989 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP BRIT PSYCHIAT SOC DE THEORY OF MIND; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; AUTISM; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM ID MOTIVATING AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DEFINITION; HYPOTHESIS; KNOWLEDGE; DEFICITS; PLAY AB Two studies are reported in which the ability of people with Asperger's syndrome to understand problems of the type "Peter thinks that Jane thinks that . . ." was tested. The results showed that in contrast to younger or more handicapped autistic individuals, Asperger subjects were able to solve problems of the type just outlined, i. e. that they possessed a second-order theory of mind. When asked to explain their solutions however, they typically did not use mental state terms but did not differ in this respect either from non-handicapped or socially impaired, chronic schizophrenic controls. The implications of the results for current cognitive theories of autistic impairment are discussed. C1 MRC,SOCIAL PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON WC1E 6AS,ENGLAND. RP BOWLER, DM (reprint author), CITY UNIV LONDON,DEPT SOCIAL SCI,NORTHAMPTON SQ,LONDON EC1V 0HB,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1983, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDREASEN NC, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P784 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Baron- Cohen S., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P185, DOI 10.1017/ S0954579400000377 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P199 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, THESIS U LONDON BARONCOHEN S, 1992, IN PRESS PSYCHOLOGIS, V15 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 Bleuler M, 1983, Br J Psychiatry, V143, P78 BOUCHER J, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P181 BROOK SL, 1992, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE, V22 Cutting J., 1985, PSYCHOL SCHIZOPHRENI DUNLAP G, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P619, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-619 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 FRITH CD, 1991, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY TH Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 Hermelin B., 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 HUBER G, 1980, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V6, P592 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOEGEL RL, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P185, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02259.x KOEGEL RL, 1979, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V88, P418, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.88.4.418 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LIDDLE PF, 1987, PSYCHOL MED, V17, P49 Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 OZONOFF S, 1991, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY, V32 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SCHNEIDER K, 1976, KLINISCH PSYCHOPATHO Schneider K., 1959, CLIN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF01531788 WING JK, 1974, DIAGNOSIS CLASSIFICA WING JK, IN PRESS SCHIZOPHREN WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01550280 NR 50 TC 250 Z9 253 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 877 EP 893 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA JD687 UT WOS:A1992JD68700005 PM 1378848 ER PT J AU GEORGE, MS COSTA, DC KOURIS, K RING, HA ELL, PJ AF GEORGE, MS COSTA, DC KOURIS, K RING, HA ELL, PJ TI CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW ABNORMALITIES IN ADULTS WITH INFANTILE-AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; HYPOPLASIA AB Stuctural brain abnormalities have recently been discovered using magnetic resonance imaging in infantile autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. However, functional neuroimaging studies in autism using positron emission tomography have had conflicting results and have not explained how the known structural brain abnormalities in autism act in a functioning brain to produce autistic behavior. Using a new technology, high-resolution brain single photon emission tomography, we studied and scanned four young adults with infantile autism and four age-matched controls using the labeled ligand Tc-99m-D,L-hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime (Tc-99m-HMPAO). Total brain perfusion was significantly decreased in autism subjects (range, 58% to 72% of controls, p less-than-or-equal-to .02). In addition to the globally decreased perfusion, the autism group also had regionally decreased flow in the right lateral temporal and right, left, and midfrontal lobes compared with controls (p less-than-or-equal-to .02, Mann-Whitney t-test). C1 UNIV COLL & MIDDLESEX SCH MED,INST NUCL MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. INST NEUROL,DEPT CLIN NEUROL,RAYMOND WAY NEUROPSYCHIAT RES GRP,LONDON WC1N 3BG,ENGLAND. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. KUWAIT UNIV,DEPT NUCL MED,KUWAIT,KUWAIT. RI Ring, Howard/G-6684-2011 CR COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 George MS, 1991, NEUROACTIVATION NEUR HASHIMOTO T, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P142, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071280 HEH CWC, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P242 HEROLD S, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P823 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 LEIDERMAN DB, 1991, EPILEPSIA, V32, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb04671.x LELORD G, 1991, BIOL PSCHIAT, V29, pS292 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 Penfield W., 1950, CEREBRAL CORTEX MAN PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 Plioplys A V, 1990, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V2, P413 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 SHERMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V4, P438 SOKOLOFF L, 1977, J NEUROCHEM, V29, P13, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb03919.x Stuss DT, 1986, FRONTAL LOBES THEODORE WH, 1986, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V6, P315 THEODORE WH, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P516, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250519 TOWNSEND CE, 1991, NUCLEAR MED STATE AR, P11 NR 21 TC 57 Z9 58 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3018 J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 180 IS 7 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1097/00005053-199207000-00002 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA JE252 UT WOS:A1992JE25200002 PM 1624921 ER PT J AU TRAD, PV SHAPIRO, T HERTZIG, M BERNSTEIN, D AF TRAD, PV SHAPIRO, T HERTZIG, M BERNSTEIN, D TI KIDDIE-INFANT DESCRIPTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR EMOTIONAL STATES (KIDIES) - USE IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; AUTISM; AFFECTIVE DIMENSIONS; BEHAVIORAL DIMENSIONS ID EXPRESSION; ATTACHMENT AB The Kiddie-Infant Descriptive Instrument for Emotional States (KIDIES) was used to overcome the limitations of microanalytic facial observations and subjective assessments in the diagnosis of childhood developmental disorders. The KIDIES quantifies eight behavioral and eight affective dimensions by evaluating facial, vocal, gestural, and postural displays. In a sample of 42 subjects, KIDIES ratings distinguished between children with pervasive developmental disorder and a comparison group with mixed developmental diagnoses, and demonstrated sensitivity to emotional changes as a result of environmental shift. The results suggest that the KIDIES has potential as a reliable instrument for evaluating emotional and behavioral patterns in young developmentally disordered children. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. VET ADM MED CTR,BRONX,NY 10468. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT OUTPATIENT,WESTCHESTER DIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,PAYNE WHITNEY CLIN,NEW YORK,NY 10021. 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PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 728 EP 734 DI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00022 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA JD377 UT WOS:A1992JD37700024 PM 1644737 ER PT J AU BERTHIER, ML SANTAMARIA, J ENCABO, H TOLOSA, ES AF BERTHIER, ML SANTAMARIA, J ENCABO, H TOLOSA, ES TI RECURRENT HYPERSOMNIA IN 2 ADOLESCENT MALES WITH ASPERGERS SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ASPERGERS SYNDROME; KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME; ADOLESCENCE ID KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM; VIOLENCE AB Two individuals with Asperger's syndrome, a rare pervasive developmental disorder, developed recurrent episodes of hypersomnia and abnormal behavior (Kleine-Levin syndrome) during adolescence. The possible etiological role of developmental structural brain anomalies and the differential diagnosis of recurrent hypersomnia and abnormal behavior in patients with pervasive developmental disorders are discussed. RP BERTHIER, ML (reprint author), UNIV MALAGA,HOSP VIRGEN VICTORIA,SERV NEUROL,COLONIA STA INES,APARTADO 3091,E-29010 MALAGA,SPAIN. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00023 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA JD377 UT WOS:A1992JD37700025 PM 1644738 ER PT J AU MCDOUGLE, CJ PRICE, LH VOLKMAR, FR GOODMAN, WK WARDOBRIEN, D NIELSEN, J BREGMAN, J COHEN, DJ AF MCDOUGLE, CJ PRICE, LH VOLKMAR, FR GOODMAN, WK WARDOBRIEN, D NIELSEN, J BREGMAN, J COHEN, DJ TI CLOMIPRAMINE IN AUTISM - PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF EFFICACY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; CLOMIPRAMINE; SEROTONIN ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; BLOOD SEROTONIN; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; BUSPIRONE; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; MONKEYS; ADULTS AB This report provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of clomipramine in the treatment of young adults with autistic disorder. Four of five outpatients with autistic disorder showed significant improvement in social relatedness, obsessive compulsive symptoms, and aggressive and impulsive behavior with clomipramine treatment. These findings are consistent with previous evidence, suggesting that serotonin neurotransmission may be relevant to the treatment, and possibly the pathophysiology, of some symptoms of autistic disorder. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT. CONNECTICUT DEPT MENT RETARDAT,NEW HAVEN,CT. RP MCDOUGLE, CJ (reprint author), CONNECTICUT MENT HLTH CTR,RIBICOFF RES FACILITIES,CLIN NEUROSCI RES UNIT,34 PK ST,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519, USA. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 746 EP 750 DI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA JD377 UT WOS:A1992JD37700027 PM 1644740 ER PT J AU LOCKE, JL AF LOCKE, JL TI 30 YEARS OF RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROLINGUISTICS SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; DOWNS-SYNDROME; HEMISPHERIC-SPECIALIZATION; EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; HUMAN-FETUS; INFANT; IMPAIRMENT; BRAIN AB A body of medically important work has accumulated in the field of developmental neurolinguistics in the 30 years since Lenneberg set forth a research agenda for that field, consisting of the following: (1) the physiologic specialization or endowment for speech; (2) the genetic origin or natural history of vocalization and speech; (3) the nature of prelinguistic behavior, making possible the detection of any environmental (social) influences; (4) the development of motor-speech organization from birth; and (5) the limiting effects of deficient intelligence, hearing, and environmental stimulation. Subsequent study of these questions has established a genetic, neuroanatomic, and functional basis for such outwardly disparate disorders as dyslexia, stuttering, autism, and delayed language. Studies of emergent motor behavior suggest that babbling may index a state of neural maturation favoring expression of spoken languages. Based on studies of the congenitally deaf, mentally retarded, and other clinical populations it is now considered possible to detect early warning signs of developmental language disorders during the first year of life based on analyses of vocal turn-taking, gesturing, and utterance complexity. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,INST HLTH PROFESS,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP LOCKE, JL (reprint author), MGH INST HLTH PROFESS,NEUROLINGUIST LAB,101 MERRIMAC ST,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. 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Neurol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 8 IS 4 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0887-8994(92)90359-7 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA JJ450 UT WOS:A1992JJ45000001 PM 1388411 ER PT J AU WONG, VCN LAM, STS AF WONG, VCN LAM, STS TI FRAGILE X POSITIVITY IN CHINESE CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SWEDISH COUNTY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHROMOSOMES; MULTICENTER; PREVALENCE; MARKER; MALES; BOYS AB Chromosome analysis was performed in 105 Chinese children (96 boys, 9 girls) with autistic spectrum disorder to assess fragile X positivity. Seventy percent of these autistic children were mentally retarded. None of the children in the infantile autism group (N = 75) had fragile X positivity. Two boys in the autistic condition group (N = 30) had clinical features and chromosomal positivity for fragile X syndrome. The low (2%) prevalence rate of fragile X positivity in children with different degrees of expressivity of autistic features may be related to other factors rather than to pure autistic characteristics per se. C1 UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT PAEDIAT,POKFULAM,HONG KONG. DEPT HLTH,CLIN GENET SERV,POKFULAM,HONG KONG. 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Neurol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 8 IS 4 BP 272 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0887-8994(92)90364-5 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA JJ450 UT WOS:A1992JJ45000006 PM 1388415 ER PT J AU MARTINEAU, J ROUX, S GARREAU, B ADRIEN, JL LELORD, G AF MARTINEAU, J ROUX, S GARREAU, B ADRIEN, JL LELORD, G TI UNIMODAL AND CROSSMODAL REACTIVITY IN AUTISM - PRESENCE OF AUDITORY EVOKED-RESPONSES AND EFFECT OF THE REPETITION OF AUDITORY-STIMULI SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; POTENTIALS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; VARIABILITY; MAGNESIUM; BEHAVIOR AB Using auditory evoked responses, this work compares the reactivities to unimodal and crossmodal stimuli and the main neurocognitive functions most often disturbed in autism. With the aim of testing the hypothesis that the deficit in the ability to form crossmodal associations in autism is linked to a cognitive abnormality, auditary evoked responses to simple and to crossmodal (auditivo-visual) stimuli were recorded in 30 autistic children and compared with those of 30 normal and 30 mentally retarded children. Relationships between electrophysiological reactivity and neurocognitive functions showed that the cognitive deficit in the ability to maintain crossmodal associations is preceded by a more elementary perceptive abnormality in autistic children. RP MARTINEAU, J (reprint author), CTR HOSP REG UNIV BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. 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Psychiatry PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1190 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90338-Z PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA JN342 UT WOS:A1992JN34200002 PM 1391280 ER PT J AU NANSON, JL AF NANSON, JL TI AUTISM IN FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME - A REPORT OF 6 CASES SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; PHYSICAL GROWTH; AUTISM; MENTAL RETARDATION ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN AB This paper reports on six children who all fulfill the criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome and have a history of maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy, and who also fulfill the criteria for diagnosis of autism. Their behavior and natural history is compared with eight contrast FAS children, of similar ages and functional levels, who were free of autistic behaviors. The autistic FAS children were all moderately or severely retarded. Autistic behavior has not been commonly associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Clinicians need to be aware of this potential dual diagnosis so that appropriate educational and treatment resources can be employed. RP NANSON, JL (reprint author), ROYAL UNIV HOSP,ALVIN BUCKWOLD,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. 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Because understanding of neurological dysfunction is basic to evaluation and treatment in occupational therapy, this article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the literature since 1985 concerning the neuropsychology of autistic disorder. The research is categorized into four basic types: (a) neuropsychological testing of functional abilities, (b) treatment studies based on neuropsychological hypotheses, (c) autistic-related diseases and genetic disorders, and (d) neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies. The research shows a spectrum of neurological impairments within the brain stem, cerebellum, midbrain, and frontal lobe. These impairments are associated with deficits in socioemotional skills, sensory processing, motor planning, and cognitive flexibility. This research suggests that persons with autistic disorder need evaluation and treatment of a wide spectrum of functional deficits. RP HUEBNER, RA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT THERAPEUT SCI,1087 MED SCI CTR,1300 UNIV AVE,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. 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PD JUN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1017/S0142716400005580 PG 5 WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA JK784 UT WOS:A1992JK78400007 ER PT J AU BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, KH DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, JARAM VANREE, JM AF BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, KH DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, JARAM VANREE, JM TI THE USE OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (4-9) ANALOG ORG 2766 IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN - EFFECTS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF BEHAVIOR SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE-AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; DYADIC ENCOUNTERS; BETA-ENDORPHIN; RATS; NALTREXONE; ORG-2766; SYSTEMS; BRAIN; NEUROPEPTIDES AB In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 14 autistic children were treated with the neuropeptide ORG 2766, a synthetic analog of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (4-9). ORG 2766 treatment (20 mg per day during 4 weeks) was associated with an increased amount and an improved quality of the social interaction of the autistic children with a familiar experimenter. These changes in interaction were clinically relevant. Following treatment with ORG 2766 gaze and smile behaviors of child and experimenter showed stronger temporal contingencies. Further, after ORG 2766, stereo-typies were temporally disconnected from verbal initiatives. The data supported the notion of a stimulating effect of ORG 2766 on social interaction. The implications of these findings for the endogenous opioid theory of autism are discussed. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT COMPARAT PHYSIOL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT PSYCHOPHARMACOL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP BUITELAAR, JK (reprint author), UNIV UTRECHT HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,POB 85500,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. 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Psychiatry PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1119 EP 1129 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90156-T PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA JK718 UT WOS:A1992JK71800005 PM 1326339 ER PT J AU FOSSEY, E SHAPIRO, CM AF FOSSEY, E SHAPIRO, CM TI SEASONALITY IN PSYCHIATRY - A REVIEW SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Review ID PLATELET SEROTONIN UPTAKE; HIGH-RISK SAMPLE; SCHIZOPHRENIC BIRTHS; MONOAMINE METABOLITES; IMIPRAMINE BINDING; AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; SUICIDAL-BEHAVIOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRONTAL-CORTEX; D-FENFLURAMINE AB This paper reviews the literature pertaining to seasonal patterns in psychiatric illnesses. Evidence on the season of birth phenomenon suggests that a greater risk of pre-, peri-, or post-natal damage is associated with the winter months. There is currently insufficient evidence to pinpoint the exact mechanism involved or to ascertain whether the mechanism is common to each condition. 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J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 5 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HZ756 UT WOS:A1992HZ75600003 PM 1638453 ER PT J AU LESLIE, AM THAISS, L AF LESLIE, AM THAISS, L TI DOMAIN SPECIFICITY IN CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT - NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM AUTISM SO COGNITION LA English DT Article ID FALSE BELIEF; SYMBOLIC PLAY; CHILDREN; MIND; KNOWLEDGE; REALITY; COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE; DEFICIT; PEOPLE AB To understand some aspects of conceptual development it is necessary to take cognitive architecture into account. For this purpose, the study of normal development is often not sufficient. Fortunately, one can also study neurodevelopmental disorders. For example, autistic children have severe difficulties developing certain kinds of concepts but not others. We find that whereas autistic children perform very poorly on tests of the concept, believes, they are at or near ceiling on comparable tasks that test understanding of pictorial representation. A similar pattern was found in a second study which looked at understanding of a false map or diagram: normal 4-year-olds showed a marked advantage in understanding a false belief over a false map, while the autistic subjects performed better on the map. These findings suggest that the concept, believes, develops as a domain-specific notion that is not equatable with "having a picture (map or diagram) in the head". This result supports the existence of a specialized cognitive mechanism, which subserves the development of folk psychological notions, and which is dissociably damaged in autism. We extend these ideas to outline a new model of the development of false belief performance. RP LESLIE, AM (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,17 GORDON ST,LONDON WC1H 0AH,ENGLAND. 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CR DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 GILLBERG C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P569 HOON AH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P278 OHLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 34 IS 6 BP 558 EP 559 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA HW486 UT WOS:A1992HW48600017 PM 1612219 ER PT J AU CUMMINS, RA PRIOR, MP AF CUMMINS, RA PRIOR, MP TI AUTISM AND ASSISTED COMMUNICATION - RESPONSE SO HARVARD EDUCATIONAL REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 LA TROBE UNIV,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. RP CUMMINS, RA (reprint author), DEAKIN UNIV,GEELONG,VIC 3217,AUSTRALIA. CR BATT M, 1990, 4TH INT ISAAC C STOC BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 CATANESE AT, 1988, DEAL COMMUNICATION C CUMMINS RA, 1981, SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT EISEN P, 1980, REPORT COMMITTEE INQ HARRIS SL, 1975, PSYCHOL BULL, V82, P565, DOI 10.1037/h0076903 *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, REP DIR GEN REL VAL *INT WORK PART ISS, 1988, DEAL COMM CTR OF STA Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Prior M., 1986, PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL D, P156 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x Sebeok T.A., 1981, CLEVER HANS PHENOMEN 1979, CHAMBERS 20TH CENTUR NR 13 TC 51 Z9 51 PU HARVARD UNIV PI CAMBRIDGE PA HARVARD EDUCATIONAL REVIEW LONGFELLOW HALL-13 APPIAN WAY, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0017-8055 J9 HARVARD EDUC REV JI Harv. Educ. Rev. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 62 IS 2 BP 228 EP 241 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA HW334 UT WOS:A1992HW33400006 ER PT J AU BIKLEN, D AF BIKLEN, D TI AUTISM ORTHODOXY VERSUS FREE SPEECH - REPLY SO HARVARD EDUCATIONAL REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD RP BIKLEN, D (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. 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Educ. Rev. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 62 IS 2 BP 242 EP 256 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA HW334 UT WOS:A1992HW33400007 ER PT J AU TARAMASCO, G AF TARAMASCO, G TI AUTISM AND ASPERGER SYNDROME - FRITH,U SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Book Review RP TARAMASCO, G (reprint author), QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSP,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TH,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0165-0254 J9 INT J BEHAV DEV JI Int. J. Behav. Dev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JA314 UT WOS:A1992JA31400008 ER PT J AU WAINWRIGHTSHARP, JA BRYSON, SE AF WAINWRIGHTSHARP, JA BRYSON, SE TI AUTISM - LATERAL DIFFERENCES IN VISUAL ORIENTING SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 YORK UNIV,N YORK M3J 1P3,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42000183 ER PT J AU FELDMAN, RS MCGEE, G MANN, L STRAIN, P AF FELDMAN, RS MCGEE, G MANN, L STRAIN, P TI NONVERBAL AFFECTIVE DECODING ABILITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND TYPICAL PRESCHOOLERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST,PITTSBURGH,PA. RI McGee, Gail/C-5355-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42001006 ER PT J AU MANCILLA, ML AF MANCILLA, ML TI PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN AUTISM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42001368 ER PT J AU PISULA, EA AF PISULA, EA TI INFANTILE-AUTISM AND PARENTING - SOME ISSUES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SCH SPECIAL EDUC,WARSAW,POLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42001371 ER PT J AU CIESIELSKI, KT YANOFSKY, R LUDVIG, R ALLEN, PS SNYDER, T PABST, H AKABUTU, J HART, B AF CIESIELSKI, KT YANOFSKY, R LUDVIG, R ALLEN, PS SNYDER, T PABST, H AKABUTU, J HART, B TI NEUROANATOMICAL (MRI) AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL INDICATIONS OF CEREBRAL ASYMMETRY IN AUTISM AND CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV ALBERTA,EDMONTON T6G 2E1,ALBERTA,CANADA. CROSS CANC INST,EDMONTON T6G 1Z2,ALBERTA,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 389 EP 389 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42002085 ER PT J AU ZACCAGNINI, JL ADARRAGA, P BELINCHON CARMONA, M AF ZACCAGNINI, JL ADARRAGA, P BELINCHON CARMONA, M TI DAI - A KNOWLEDGE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSING CHILD AUTISM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FAC CIENCIAS MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 462 EP 462 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42002464 ER PT J AU SANUA, VD AF SANUA, VD TI COMPARING THE USA AND EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRISTS REGARDING THE CAUSATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND AUTISM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ST JOHNS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,QUEENS,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PD JUN-AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 465 EP 465 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA JF420 UT WOS:A1992JF42002483 ER PT J AU KAMPS, DM LEONARD, BR VERNON, S DUGAN, EP DELQUADRI, JC GERSHON, B WADE, L FOLK, L AF KAMPS, DM LEONARD, BR VERNON, S DUGAN, EP DELQUADRI, JC GERSHON, B WADE, L FOLK, L TI TEACHING SOCIAL SKILLS TO STUDENTS WITH AUTISM TO INCREASE PEER INTERACTIONS IN AN INTEGRATED 1ST-GRADE CLASSROOM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; SOCIAL SKILLS; INTEGRATION; PEER SOCIAL INTERACTION ID CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; INITIATION AB We investigated the use of social skills groups to facilitate increased social interactions for students with autism and their nonhandicapped peers in an integrated first-grade classroom. Social skills groups consisted of training students and peers in initiating, responding, and keeping interactions going; greeting others and conversing on a variety of topics; giving and accepting compliments; taking turns and sharing; asking for help and helping others; and including others in activities. Training occurred during the first 10 min of 20-min play groups, four times per week. Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, results demonstrated increases in the frequency of, time engaged in, and duration of social interactions, as well as the responsivity of students and peers to each other. Results were maintained when students were monitored and given feedback on social performance in play groups and during follow-up. RP KAMPS, DM (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,JUNIPER GARDENS CHILDRENS PROJECT,1614 WASHINGTON BLVD,KANSAS CITY,KS 66102, USA. CR *AUT SOC AM, 1990, 831877 NIH PUBL BROWN WH, 1988, RES DEV DISABIL, V9, P359, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(88)90031-5 CARR EG, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF02206856 CHARLOP MH, 1983, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V11, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF00914244 GAYLORDROSS RJ, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P229, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-229 GREENWOOD CR, 1989, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V81, P371, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.81.3.371 Johnson D. W., 1984, COOPERATION CLASSROO KNAPCZYK DR, 1989, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V24, P255 McConnell S. R, 1987, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V12, P252 MCEVOY MA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-193 MCGINNIS E, 1984, SKILL STREAMING ELEM NEEL RS, 1988, BEHAVIOR OUR SCH, V3, P13 NIEMEYER J, 1989, OBSERVATIONAL ASSESS ODOM SL, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P59, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-59 Ramps D., 1989, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V12, P38 SASSO GM, 1987, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V22, P150 Sasso G. M., 1990, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V16, P9, DOI 10.1177/01454455920164009 SCHLOSS PJ, 1986, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V12, P1 SHAFER MS, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-461 STRAIN PS, 1986, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V52, P543 WALKER H, 1988, SOCIAL SKILLS TUTORI NR 21 TC 70 Z9 71 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-281 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA JA487 UT WOS:A1992JA48700004 PM 1634423 ER PT J AU GOLDSTEIN, H KACZMAREK, L PENNINGTON, R SHAFER, K AF GOLDSTEIN, H KACZMAREK, L PENNINGTON, R SHAFER, K TI PEER-MEDIATED INTERVENTION - ATTENDING TO, COMMENTING ON, AND ACKNOWLEDGING THE BEHAVIOR OF PRESCHOOLERS WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE PEER-MEDIATED INTERVENTION; PRESCHOOL CHILDREN; INTEGRATION; SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING ID COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION; SOCIAL INTERACTIONS; CHILDREN AB This study investigated the effects of a peer-mediated intervention on the social interaction of five triads comprised of preschoolers with autism and their typical peers. Strategies thought to facilitate interaction were selected based on analyses of a descriptive data base. Peers were taught to attend to, comment on, and acknowledge the behavior of their classmates with disabilities. These are behaviors preschoolers typically exhibit frequently, but that do not obligate responses to the same extent as questions and requests do. The ABCB reversal designs revealed that improved rates of social interaction during play were dearly associated with the peer intervention for 4 of the 5 children with autism. This intervention offers an alternative peer-intervention package for increasing interaction between children with and without disabilities. RP GOLDSTEIN, H (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT COMMUN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260, USA. CR Beckman P. 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Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 289 EP 305 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-289 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA JA487 UT WOS:A1992JA48700005 PM 1634424 ER PT J AU HARING, TG BREEN, CG AF HARING, TG BREEN, CG TI A PEER-MEDIATED SOCIAL NETWORK INTERVENTION TO ENHANCE THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF PERSONS WITH MODERATE AND SEVERE DISABILITIES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE FRIENDSHIP; PEER GROUPS; SEVERELY HANDICAPPED; SOCIAL SUPPORT ID BEHAVIOR; STUDENTS; CHILD; CLASSROOM; AUTISM AB Increasingly, parents, teachers, and students with disabilities are advocating for interventions that go beyond skill training to provide support for participation in integrated environments and support for friendships. The present research demonstrated a social network intervention for youths with moderate and severe disabilities. Two groups of nondisabled peers were recruited to participate in weekly discussions with an adult integration facilitator to increase opportunities for social interaction for 2 students (1 with autism and 1 who was moderately mentally retarded). The groups met to discuss social interactions that had occurred with the students with disabilities and to talk about strategies to promote greater inclusion of the students into ongoing social interaction. The nondisabled students participated in the design and implementation of social skills interventions during transition times and lunch. The nondisabled students used self-monitoring data sheets to record the quantity and quality of interactions. The frequency of interaction, number of opportunities for interaction, and appropriateness of social interactions were analyzed with a multiple baseline design. Results indicated that the social network intervention was successful in increasing the quantity and quality of interactions and that the network strategy promoted the development of friendships. The results a.re discussed in terms of the need for additional research showing the relationships between increases in social competence, peer-mediated intervention, and the development and support of friendship. RP HARING, TG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,GRAD SCH EDUC,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. CR APPOLLONI T, 1979, EARLY INTERVENTION I, P147 Breen C., 1985, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V10, P41 BRINKER RP, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P150 Chadsey- Rusch J., 1986, COMPETITIVE EMPLOYME, P273 FOREST M, 1987, MORE ED INTEGRATION GAYLORDROSS RJ, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P611 HARING TG, 1992, UNPUB EFFECTS CONTEX HARING TG, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P255 HARING TG, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P159, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-159 HARING TG, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P58 HUNT P, 1988, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V13, P20 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI KOEGEL RL, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-243 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 MEYER LH, 1988, HDB DEV PHYSICAL DIS, P107 ODOM SL, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P59, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-59 PECK CA, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P241 RUSSO DC, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P579, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-579 Sailor W., 1989, COMPREHENSIVE LOCAL STAINBACK W, 1987, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V22, P18 STRAIN PS, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P583, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-583 STRAIN PS, 1986, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V52, P543 Strully C., 1985, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V10, P224 NR 23 TC 76 Z9 76 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 319 EP 333 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-319 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA JA487 UT WOS:A1992JA48700007 PM 1634425 ER PT J AU KOEGEL, LK KOEGEL, RL HURLEY, C FREA, WD AF KOEGEL, LK KOEGEL, RL HURLEY, C FREA, WD TI IMPROVING SOCIAL SKILLS AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM THROUGH SELF-MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; SELF-MANAGEMENT; SOCIAL SKILLS; LANGUAGE; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR ID DISABLED-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; STUDENTS AB The literature suggests that children with autism typically are unresponsive to verbal initiations from others in community settings, and that such unresponsiveness can lead to problematic social interactions and severely disruptive behavior. The present study assessed whether self-management could be used as a technique to produce extended improvements iri responsiveness to verbal initiations from others in community, home, and school settings without the presence of a treatment provider. The results showed that children with autism who displayed severe deficits in social skills could learn to self-manage responsivity to others in multiple community settings, and that such improvements were associated with concomitant reductions in disruptive behavior without the need for special intervention. The results are discussed in terms of their significance for improved development of social skills in children with autism. RP KOEGEL, LK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,GRAD SCH EDUC,SCH COUNSELING CLIN,PSYCHOL PROGRAM,AUTISM RES CTR,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. CR Asher S. R., 1981, DEV CHILDRENS FRIEND, P273 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 COLE M, 1989, EFFECTIVE INTERVENTI COWEN EL, 1973, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V41, P438, DOI 10.1037/h0035373 DODGE KA, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P1386, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00055.x Dunlap L. K., 1991, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V23, P17 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 Gallagher T., 1983, PRAGMATIC ASSESSMENT, P65 GARFIN DG, 1985, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI, P133 GRESHAM FM, 1986, MAINSTREAMING HANDIC, P193 HARING TG, 1990, CRITICAL ISSUES LIVE, P195 HARRIS KR, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-417 Hartup WW, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P61 HUNT P, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P250 JOHNSON J, 1991, THESIS U CALIFORNIA Kaiser A. P., 1985, TEACHING FUNCTIONAL, P392 KANNER L, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF01537624 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 KOEGEL LK, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P24 KOEGEL LK, 1991, TEACH SELF MANAGEMEN KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 KOEGEL RL, IN PRESS ASSESSMENT LAGOMARCINO TR, 1989, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V24, P139 MOORE SC, 1989, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V24, P324 NINNESS HAC, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P499, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-499 PARKER JG, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V102, P357, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.102.3.357 QUAY LC, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P793, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.20.5.793 RHODE G, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-171 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 STRAYHORN JM, 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH, P287 NR 30 TC 106 Z9 106 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA JA487 UT WOS:A1992JA48700009 PM 1634427 ER PT J AU STAHMER, AC SCHREIBMAN, L AF STAHMER, AC SCHREIBMAN, L TI TEACHING-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM APPROPRIATE PLAY IN UNSUPERVISED ENVIRONMENTS USING A SELF-MANAGEMENT TREATMENT PACKAGE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; APPROPRIATE PLAY; SELF-MANAGEMENT ID STIMULATORY BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SOCIAL PLAY; MAINTENANCE; SETTINGS; STUDENTS; SKILLS AB The present study used a self-management treatment package to teach 3 children with autism, who exhibited inappropriate play behaviors, to play appropriately in the absence of a treatment provider. After self-management training, generalization and maintenance of the behavior change were assessed. Because of the detrimental effects of self-stimulation (arm flapping, spinning toys, twirling, etc.) on learning, the relationship between self-stimulatory behaviors and appropriate play was measured. Results indicated that the children learned to exhibit appropriate play skills in unsupervised settings, appropriate play skills generalized to new settings, and 2 of the children maintained their gains at 1-month follow-up. In addition, self-stimulatory behaviors decreased as appropriate play increased. Treatment implications of these findings are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHOL,0109,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAER DM, 1984, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V4, P211, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90042-9 Browder D. M., 1985, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V10, P200 BURGIO LD, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P443, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-443 COE D, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02284717 DUNLAP G, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P185, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-185 DUNLAP G, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-227 FOWLER SA, 1984, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V4, P85, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90033-8 HARING TG, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P58 HERSEN M, 1976, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES HORNER RH, 1979, AM ASS ED SEVERELY P, V4, P202 KOEGEL RL, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V53, P392 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 KOEGEL RL, 1990, UNPUB TEACH SELF MAN KOEGEL RL, IN PRESS J AUTIS DEV KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P69 KOPP J, 1988, SOC WORK RES ABSTR, V24, P8 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LOVAAS OI, 1971, BEHAV RES THER, V9, P39, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90035-0 Marholin D., 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P456 OLEARY SG, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-449 ONEILL RE, 1987, THESIS U CALIFORNIA RHODE G, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-171 RINCOVER A, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF00924733 ROMANCZYK RG, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01537972 RUSSO DC, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P579, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-579 SAINATO DM, 1990, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V56, P540 SANTARCANGELO S, 1987, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V12, P38 Schleien S. J., 1988, ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACT, V5, P182 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SINGH NN, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P23, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-23 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 WEHMAN P, 1977, REHABIL LIT, V38, P98 NR 34 TC 71 Z9 71 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 447 EP 459 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA JA487 UT WOS:A1992JA48700017 PM 1634432 ER PT J AU KOEGEL, RL KOEGEL, LK SURRATT, A AF KOEGEL, RL KOEGEL, LK SURRATT, A TI LANGUAGE INTERVENTION AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID MAINTENANCE TASKS; SPEECH; PARADIGM AB Disruptive behaviors are often exhibited by children with severe disabilities during difficult teaching tasks. Because learning verbal communication can be a difficult task for nonverbal children with autism, disruptive behaviors are common during such interventions. The purpose of this experiment was to assess whether the incorporation of parameters of natural language interactions and motivational techniques might reduce disruptive behavior during language teaching tasks. Within a repeated reversals design with order of conditions and number of sessions varied within and across children, treatment was conducted for two language teaching conditions. During one condition trials were presented serially in a traditional analog clinical format where the therapist presented instructions, prompts, and reinforcers for correct responses. The other condition incorporated parameters of natural language interactions and motivational techniques, such that stimulus items were functional and varied; natural reinforcers were employed; communicative attempts were reinforced; and trials were conducted within a natural interchange. Results showed that greater improvements in responding and considerably less (often negligible) disruptive behavior occurred during the natural language teaching conditions. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for improving language interventions, and with respect to reducing disruptive behavior without the need for specialized or severe interventions focused specifically on the disruptive behavior. RP KOEGEL, RL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. CR BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE EXPT DESIGNS CAMARATA S, IN PRESS CLIN LINGUI CARR EG, 1982, ED UNDERSTANDING AUT CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 CARR EG, 1976, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V4, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF00916518 CHARLOP MH, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P275, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-275 DUNLAP G, 1984, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V37, P41, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90057-2 DUNLAP G, IN PRESS J APPLIED B DYER K, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P515, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-515 Egel A. L., 1982, ED UNDERSTANDING AUT GARFIN D, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI Gazdag G, 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P62 HART B, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-243 KOEGEL LK, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P425, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-425 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-243 KOEGEL RL, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF02211871 LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 Lovaas O. I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD MARTIN GL, 1978, BEHAVIOR MODIFICATIO NEEF NA, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P153, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-153 SHAH A, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI WILLIAMS JA, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P53, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-53 NR 23 TC 55 Z9 55 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1007/BF01058147 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100001 PM 1378049 ER PT J AU WOODYATT, G OZANNE, A AF WOODYATT, G OZANNE, A TI COMMUNICATION ABILITIES AND RETT SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; AUTISM AB Investigated 6 girls with Rett syndrome (RS), ages between 2 and 13 years, to provide comprehensive descriptions of their communicative behaviors. Previous studies have not focused on communicative competence nor on the intentionality of the language used by children with RS. This study concluded that all members of the group investigated were at a preintentional level of communication. Intentional communication has previously been reported to develop in normally developing and intellectually disabled children attaining Piagetian Sensorimotor Stage V in Means-End behavior. The present study also investigated the cognitive performance of the group. We concluded that the preintentional level of communication noted was consistent with the subjects' profound intellectual disability. No Means-End (ie., purposeful) behavior beyond Piagetian Sensorimotor Stage III could be elicited from the 6 girls. The relevance of this study for therapeutic intervention is discussed. CR Bates E., 1977, INTERACTION CONVERSA, P247 BUDDEN S, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P51 COLEMAN M, 1988, J MENT DEFIC RES, V32, P117 DONELLAN AM, 1984, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V9, P201 Dunst C. J., 1980, CLIN ED MANUAL USE U HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 Hedrick D. L., 1975, SEQUENCED INVENTORY KERR AM, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P93 LENN NJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P153 MCLEAN J, 1987, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V13, P83 MCLEAN J, 1982, TRANSACTIONAL APPROA NAIDU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P61 OLSSON B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P281 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 Owens R. E., 1988, LANGUAGE DEV INTRO SNYDERMCLEAN L, 1988, TOP LANG DISORD, V8, P1 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS6 WOODWARD M, 1963, BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL, V33, P10 ZAPELLA M, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P143 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 155 EP 173 DI 10.1007/BF01058148 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100002 PM 1624403 ER PT J AU KURITA, H KITA, M MIYAKE, Y AF KURITA, H KITA, M MIYAKE, Y TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT AND SYMPTOMS AMONG DISINTEGRATIVE PSYCHOSIS AND INFANTILE-AUTISM WITH AND WITHOUT SPEECH LOSS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC FOR CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED PROFESSIONS CY JUL 20, 1990 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT & ALLIED PROFESS ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; HELLER DEMENTIA; RETT SYNDROME; MATERNAL AGE; RATING-SCALE; DISORDER; ONSET; CLASSIFICATION; CHILDREN; CARS AB To investigate clinical pictures and the validity of disintegrative psychosis (DP) as defined in ICD-9, 18 cases of DP were compared with 51 and 145 cases of infantile autism (IA) with and without speech loss, respectively, on clinical variables. The DP cases showed clearer regression after more satisfactory development than the IA cases with speech loss. Around age 7, about 4 years after regression, those with DP were significantly more severely retarded than those with IA, yet both were similar in autistic symptomatology. EEG abnormalities and mothers 30 or older at delivery were significantly more common in the histories of those with DP than of those with IA. DP may be linked with IA having speech loss with regression in mental development as a common denominator. C1 PSYCHIAT RES INST TOKYO,TOKYO 156,JAPAN. RP KURITA, H (reprint author), NATL INST MENTAL HLTH,NCNP,DIV DEV DISORDERS,1-7-3 KONODAI,ICHIKAWA,CHIBA 272,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT [Anonymous], 1977, INT CLASS DIS, V1 BURD L, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P609 BURD L, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00700.x COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 DARBY JK, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01537911 EVANSJONES LG, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P462 FITZPATRICK C, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P834 FLEISS JL, 1973, STATISTICAL METHODS, P92 GIBSON R, 1959, Can Med Assoc J, V80, P114 GILLBERG C, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P293, DOI 10.1007/BF02408288 GUNNARSON S, 1949, ACTA PAEDIATR, V38, P209, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1949.tb17876.x HARPER J, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P25, DOI 10.1007/BF01537970 Heller T, 1930, Z KINDERFORSCH, V37, P661 Heller Theodore, 1908, Z ERFORSCH BEHANDL J, V2, P17 HILL AE, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P34 HOSHINO Y, 1987, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V41, P237 IMAMURA S, 1969, JAPANESE J PSYCHIATR, V1, P57 KAWASAKI Y, 1985, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V26, P201 KURITA H, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P785 KURITA H, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF02212937 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 KURITA H, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF02211956 LAUX G, 1983, NERVENARZT, V54, P604 MAKITA K, 1960, JPN J CHILD PSYCHIAT, V1, P377 MILLICHAP JG, 1987, LANCET, V1, P440 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P834 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SHIMIZU Y, 1987, JPN J PSYCHIAT TREAT, V2, P61 SHORT AB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF02211947 STUTTE H, 1969, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V36, P317 TAKAGI H, 1987, HIGH QUALITY ANAL LI TSAI LY, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01531359 VANKREVELEN DA, 1969, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V36, P282 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P1450 *WHO, 1989, ICD 10 CHAPT V MENT YAMAZAKI K, 1973, BRAIN NERVE, V25, P725 NR 40 TC 72 Z9 72 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1007/BF01058149 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100003 PM 1378050 ER PT J AU KOEGEL, RL SCHREIBMAN, L LOOS, LM DIRLICHWILHELM, H DUNLAP, G ROBBINS, FR PLIENIS, AJ AF KOEGEL, RL SCHREIBMAN, L LOOS, LM DIRLICHWILHELM, H DUNLAP, G ROBBINS, FR PLIENIS, AJ TI CONSISTENT STRESS PROFILES IN MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID FAMILY STRESS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PARENTS; SUPPORT; ILLNESS AB The present study extends the area of research on stress in parents of autistic children. In this study we used the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (Holroyd, 1987) to compare the stress profiles across mothers (a) who lived in different cultural and geographic environments; (b) who had children of different ages; and (c) who had children with different functioning levels. Results showed a characteristic profile that was highly consistent across each of these subgroups. Major differences from the normative data occurred on scales measuring stress associated with dependency and management, cognitive impairment, limits on family opportunity, and life-span care. Results suggest the importance of developing treatment programs aimed at reducing stress in specific areas in families with autistic children. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV MUNICH,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. UNIV S FLORIDA,FLORIDA MENTAL HLTH INST,TAMPA,FL 33620. RP KOEGEL, RL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BEBKO JM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF01486971 BECKMAN PJ, 1988, J SPEC EDUC, V22, P55 Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS BOUMA R, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V46, P722, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(199011)46:6<722::AID-JCLP2270460605>3.0.CO;2-6 Bristol M. M., 1984, SEVERELY HANDICAPPED, P91 Bristol M. M., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P251 BRISTOL MM, 1979, THESIS U N CAROLINA CANTWELL DP, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P313, DOI 10.1007/BF01540390 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT DeMyer M. K., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P225 DIRLICHWILHELM H, 1989, AUTISTISCHE KINDER B, P19 DONOVAN AM, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P502 DUNST CJ, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P403 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J PSYCHIAT, V112, P607 FRIEDRICH WN, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V85, P551 Holroyd J., 1987, QUESTIONNAIRE RESOUR Holroyd J., 1974, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V2, P92, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(197401)2:1<92::AID-JCOP2290020133>3.0.CO;2-A HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 Koegel R. L., 1984, PARENT TRAINING FDN, P358 Koegel RL, 1982, ED UNDERSTANDING AUT, P260 KOEGEL RL, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P683 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 KOEGEL RL, 1990, TEACH SELF MANAGEMEN KONSTANTAREAS M, 1985, SOC RES CHILD DEV TO MARCUS L, 1977, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V47, P383 MCADOO WG, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P251 MCKINNEY B, 1987, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V12, P133 OMOORE M, 1978, IRISH J PSYCHOL, V4, P33 PLIENIS AJ, 1988, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V1, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01110554 RABKIN JG, 1976, SCIENCE, V194, P1013, DOI 10.1126/science.790570 RANK B, 1949, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V19, P130 ROBBINS FR, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V15, P173 RUTTENBERG BA, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM RYDEBRANDT B, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P118, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.1.118 SCHOPLER E, 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL Holroyd J, 1975, J Community Psychol, V3, P26, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(197501)3:1<26::AID-JCOP2290030105>3.0.CO;2-Y STAHMER AC, IN PRESS J APPLIED B WIKLER LM, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P703 WING L, 1985, AUTISTIC CHILDREN WOLF L, 1986, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V31, P550 WOLF LC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF02212727 NR 42 TC 112 Z9 113 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1007/BF01058151 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100005 PM 1624405 ER PT J AU KONSTANTAREAS, MM HOMATIDIS, S PLOWRIGHT, CMS AF KONSTANTAREAS, MM HOMATIDIS, S PLOWRIGHT, CMS TI ASSESSING RESOURCES AND STRESS IN PARENTS OF SEVERELY DYSFUNCTIONAL CHILDREN THROUGH THE CLARKE MODIFICATION OF HOLROYD QUESTIONNAIRE ON RESOURCES AND STRESS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CRITERION VALIDATION RESEARCH; MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; SHORT-FORM; HANDICAPPED MEMBERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHRONICALLY ILL; FAMILIES; ADAPTATION; MODEL AB The Holroyd (1974) Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS) although clinically useful may be too inclusive and not exclusively relevant to severely dysfunctional individuals. Hitherto, efforts at shortening and psychometrically validating the QRS have met with some success. the shorter forms however still target both mentally and physically handicapped children and are clinically not as useful as the original instrument. The 78-item Clarke modification of the QRS, mainly a subset of the original, was an attempt to remedy these problems. It was validated with mothers and fathers of autistic, mentally retarded, learning-disabled, and asymptomatic children. Good internal consistency, split-half reliability, and coefficient of stability were obtained. Construct and concurrent validities were also acceptable. The questionnaire discriminated best between the two more severely affected groups and the controls. Group differences were found for 8 of its 9 scales and sex of parent differences were found for 3. The Clarke modification of the QRS is recommended for clinical use with parents of children with autism and mental retardation. C1 UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP KONSTANTAREAS, MM (reprint author), CLARKE INST PSYCHIAT,CTR CHILD & FAMILY STUDIES,250 COLL ST,TORONTO M5T 1R8,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BEBKO JM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF01486971 BLISHEN BR, 1976, CAN REV SOC ANTHROP, V13, P71 BRAY JM, 1982, REV EDUC RES, V52, P3340 BRISTOL MM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P469, DOI 10.1007/BF01486964 Bristol M. M., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P251 BRISTOL MM, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P441, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.441 CRNIC KA, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P125 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 FRIEDRICH WN, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P41 Hill R., 1949, FAMILIES STRESS Holroyd J., 1974, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V2, P92, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(197401)2:1<92::AID-JCOP2290020133>3.0.CO;2-A HOLROYD J, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P335, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198805)44:3<335::AID-JCLP2270440306>3.0.CO;2-T HOLROYD J, 1982, MANUAL QUESTIONNAIRE HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 HOLROYD J, 1987, MANUAL QUESTIONNAIRE KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P549 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1988, CHILDREN FAMILIES ST, P321 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1990, J MARITAL FAM THER, V16, P59, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-0606.1990.tb00045.x KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00259.x KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1985, NATIONAL C AUTISM WI KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1991, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V23, P358, DOI 10.1037/h0079022 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1986, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V9, P671 LEVYSHIFF R, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P141 PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 PATTERSON GR, 1980, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V45 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SALISBURY CL, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P456 SALISBURY CL, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P610 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SHEA V, 1986, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P265 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 32 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 217 EP 234 DI 10.1007/BF01058152 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100006 PM 1624406 ER PT J AU RODRIGUE, JR MORGAN, SB GEFFKEN, GR AF RODRIGUE, JR MORGAN, SB GEFFKEN, GR TI PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION OF FATHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM, DOWN-SYNDROME, AND NORMAL DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; FAMILY STRENGTHS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS; PARENTS; TRANSITION AB Fathers have been largely neglected in previous research of families of autistic children. We compared fathers of 20 autistic, 20 Down syndrome, and 20 developmentally normal children on several measures of psychosocial adaptation. Groups were matched on child's adaptive behavior age equivalent, gender, birth order, family size, and SES. The three groups differed significantly on measures of intrapersonal and family functioning but not on social-ecological variables. Fathers of children with autism or Down syndrome reported more frequent use of wish-fulfilling fantasy and information seeking as coping strategies as well as more financial impact and disruption of family activities than did fathers of developmentally normal children. There were few significant differences between fathers of children with autism and those of children with Down syndrome. These results suggest that fathers adapt relatively well to the demands associated with raising a child with a developmental disability. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP RODRIGUE, JR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,J HILLIS MILLER HLTH CTR,DEPT CLIN & HLTH PSYCHOL,BOX J-165,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA. CR AKERLEY M, 1984, EFFECRS AUTISM FAMIL, P85 American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BELSKY J, 1983, J MARRIAGE FAM, V45, P567, DOI 10.2307/351661 BOUMA R, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V46, P722, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(199011)46:6<722::AID-JCLP2270460605>3.0.CO;2-6 Bristol M. M., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P251 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT DUNLAP WR, 1977, FAM COORD, V26, P286, DOI 10.2307/583408 FARBER B, 1962, READING EXCEPTIONAL Farber Bernard, 1968, MENTAL RETARDATION I FELTON BJ, 1984, SOC SCI MED, V18, P889, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90158-8 FREY KS, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P240 GATH A, 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P500 GIBAUDWALLSTON J, 1978, AUG M AM PSYCH ASS T Hauch S., 1988, CANADIAN J COMMUNITY, V7, P5 Hollingshead A. B., 1975, 4 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA JOHNSTON C, 1989, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V18, P167, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp1802_8 KAZAK AE, 1984, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V12, P645, DOI 10.1007/BF00922617 KOEGEL RL, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P683 LAMB ME, 1986, FATHERS ROLE APPLIED Lazarus R. S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP LIEBERMAN MA, 1982, HDB STRESS THEORETIC LOCKE HJ, 1959, J MARRIAGE FAMILY LI, V21, P251 Marcus L. M., 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P312 MASH EJ, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P86, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.51.1.86 MCBRIDE BA, 1989, FAM RELAT, V38, P385, DOI 10.2307/585742 MCCUBBIN MA, 1989, FAM RELAT, V38, P436, DOI 10.2307/585750 MCCUBBIN MA, 1989, RES NURS HEALTH, V12, P101, DOI 10.1002/nur.4770120207 MILGRAM NA, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02212196 MILLER BC, 1980, FAM RELAT, V29, P459, DOI 10.2307/584459 MORGAN SB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02211952 Nye F. I., 1976, ROLE STRUCTURE ANAL OLSON DH, 1985, FAMILY INVENTORIES, P1 PLECK JH, 1984, WORKING WOVES FAMILY PRICEBONHAM S, 1978, FAM COORD, V27, P221, DOI 10.2307/582583 RODRIGUE JR, 1990, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V19, P371, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp1904_9 SARASON IG, 1983, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V44, P127, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.127 SPAULDING BR, 1986, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V11, P359, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/11.3.359 STEIN REK, 1985, UNPUB TABLES DOCUMEN TALLMAN I, 1965, J MARRIAGE FAM, V27, P37, DOI 10.2307/349805 TAVORMINA JB, 1981, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V9, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF00917862 VENTURA JN, 1987, FAM RELAT, V36, P26, DOI 10.2307/584642 WISHART MC, 1980, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V6, P361, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1980.tb00814.x NR 42 TC 55 Z9 61 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1007/BF01058154 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100008 PM 1385591 ER PT J AU DALRYMPLE, NJ RUBLE, LA AF DALRYMPLE, NJ RUBLE, LA TI TOILET TRAINING AND BEHAVIORS OF PEOPLE WITH AUTISM - PARENT VIEWS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Individuals with autism often present with toileting problems, yet there is little information about the nature of these problem. This investigation surveyed 100 parents of people with autism of a mean age of 19.5 years. Results indicated that lower cognition and lower verbal levels were significantly correlated with age of accomplishment of bowel and urine training; some subjects were not trained at the time of the study. The average duration of urine training was 1.6 years, bowel training 21 years. On the average, training started more than 2 1/2 years before the average age of diagnosis of autism. Fifty-six percent of the sample had to be taught to self-initiate, 42% were taught to ask to use the toilet, and 49% were taught using a schedule. Reinforcement was used by 78% of the parents of males and by 100% of the parents of females. Punishment, primarily scolding was used by 37% of the parents. The most common problems reported were urinating in places other than the toilet, constipation, stuffing up toilets, continually flushing, or smearing feces. More fears related to toileting were noted for verbal subjects. RP DALRYMPLE, NJ (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,INST STUDY DEV DISABIL,INDIANA RESOURCE CTR,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47401, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON DM, 1982, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V8, P71 AZRIN NH, 1971, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V4, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-89 BAKER BL, 1977, TOILET TRAINING BRAZELTON TB, 1976, DOCTOR CHILD CAPLAN F, 1977, 2ND 12 MONTHS LIFE CHANDLER CA, 1968, EARLY CHILD CARE, P59 DALRYMPLE NJ, 1988, BRIT J MENT SUBNORM, V34, P117 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 Dunlap G., 1984, TOILET TRAINING CHIL Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI KASARI C, 1988, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V16, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF00910499 LEVINE MD, 1982, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V29, P315 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P549, DOI 10.1007/BF01486970 RODGER S, 1987, BRIT J OCCUPATIONAL, V50, P167 Rutter M., 1966, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI Sears R.R., 1957, PATTERNS CHILD REARI SHAFFER D, 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P465 TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01531682 White B.L., 1985, 1 3 YEARS LIFE NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1007/BF01058155 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100009 PM 1624408 ER PT J AU KAMPS, D WALKER, D MAHER, J ROTHOLZ, D AF KAMPS, D WALKER, D MAHER, J ROTHOLZ, D TI ACADEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS OF SMALL-GROUP ARRANGEMENTS IN CLASSROOMS FOR STUDENTS WITH AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID RETARDED PERSONS; CHILDREN AB The use of small group instructional formats with children who have autism and developmental disabilities has received mixed results in the research literature (Reid & Favell, 1984). The purpose of the two studies reported herein was to address this controversy by comparing the performance of students in one-to-one instruction to those transitioned to small groups for a variety of teachers, students, settings, and under different training circumstances. In the first study, 41 students, ranging in age from 5 to 21 years old, from six classrooms, participated, and 25 students from six classrooms participated in the second study. Measures of environmental effects included academic gains via pre- and posttests, on-task and self-stimulatory behavior levels, correct responding, and frequencies of teacher behaviors during both one-to-one and small group formats. Results of both experiments indicated that students were able to successfully transition to small group formats across several curriculum areas including language, math, readiness, and shopping. Further, experienced teachers and administrators were able to train a second group of staff to use the small group procedures effectively. The successful application for this number of students and teachers within natural learning environments is unprecedented and provides important documentation for both the utility and practicality of small group instruction with students who have developmental disabilities. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,INST DISABIL STUDIES,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP KAMPS, D (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,JUNIPER GARDENS CHILDRENS PROJECT,1614 WASHINGTON BLVD,KANSAS CITY,KS 66102, USA. CR BAER DM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 BROWN L, 1981, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V47, P624 BROWN L, 1976, HEY DONT FORGET ME, P1 CAMPBELL DT, 1963, EXPT QUASI-EXPT DESI COLE DA, 1988, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V11, P142 FAVELL JE, 1978, AM J MENT DEF, V83, P104 FRANCHIMONT P, 1978, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V9, P313, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb02216.x Kamps D., 1990, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V12, P197 Kirk RE, 1982, EXPT DESIGN PROCEDUR KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P45, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-45 KOEGEL RL, 1980, METHODS INSTRUCTION, P259 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MCEVOY MA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-193 PEARSON ME, 1988, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V12, P342 Peck C. A., 1985, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V10, P183 Polloway E. A., 1986, REM SPEC EDUC, V7, P22 Reid D. H., 1984, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V9, P167 RINCOVER A, 1977, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V5, P113, DOI 10.1007/BF00913087 SCHEPIS MM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P97, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-97 Tawney J. W., 1984, SINGLE SUBJECT RES S WALKER D, 1986, UNPUB REV LIT USE GR WHORTON DM, 1988, ALTERNATIVE INSTRUCT WILLIAMS GE, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P39, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-39 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 277 EP 293 DI 10.1007/BF01058156 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100010 PM 1624409 ER PT J AU ETO, I BANDY, MD BUTTERWORTH, CE AF ETO, I BANDY, MD BUTTERWORTH, CE TI PLASMA AND URINARY LEVELS OF BIOPTERIN, NEOPTERIN, AND RELATED PTERINS AND PLASMA-LEVELS OF FOLATE IN INFANTILE-AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; HYDROXYLASE COFACTOR; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN LEVELS; ENDOGENOUS-DEPRESSION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; EXCRETION; BIOSYNTHESIS; DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AB Tetrahydrobiopterin is essential for brain cells to make monoamine neurotransmitters. It has been reported that the concentrations of tetrahydrobiopterin in plasma and urine are low in certain mental disorders and that oral supplements are beneficial. A group of Japanese investigators have been conducting clinical trials of the effect of administration of tetrahydrobiopterin to autistic children and reported that it is beneficial with no significant side effects. We, therefore, initiated a study to assess plasma and urinary levels of tetrahydrobiopterin in infantile autism to see if they are reduced. Besides tetrahydrobiopterin, we also determined plasma and urinary levels of neopterin and monapterin in these individuals in order to evaluate the status of dihydroneopterin triphosphate, a key biosynthetic precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin. Sixteen autistic children and 12 healthy controls were included in this study. Results indicated that the plasma and urinary levels of tetrahydrobiopterin are not statistically different between the two groups and, therefore, no simple explanation for the beneficial effects of administration of tetrahydrobiopterin on autistic children can be offered at the present time. In contrast, plasma and urinary levels of neopterin were depressed (.01 < p < .05) and plasma monapterin was also significantly depressed (p < .01) in autistic subjects compared with controls. Levels of other pterins, including folate, were not statistically different between the two groups. The basis for this depression in neopterin and monapterin is unknown. It does not seem likely that this depression could be attributed to a difference in age or T-lymphocyte/macrophage activity. However, further studies are needed to investigate these possibilities. RP ETO, I (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT NUTR SCI,BOX 501,UAB STN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1007/BF01058158 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HZ521 UT WOS:A1992HZ52100012 PM 1345670 ER PT J AU STURMEY, P MATSON, JL SEVIN, JA AF STURMEY, P MATSON, JL SEVIN, JA TI ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY OF 3 AUTISM SCALES SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,236 AUDUBON HALL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR Anastasi A., 1982, PSYCHOL TESTING Crocker L., 1986, INTRO CLASSICAL MODE FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GARFIN DG, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02212193 Grossman H. J., 1983, CLASSIFICATION MENTA KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x MATSON JL, 1990, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI Ritvo E. 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NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 370 EP 370 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA HZ771 UT WOS:A1992HZ77100005 ER PT J AU VANMETER, LA FEIN, D MORRIS, R AF VANMETER, LA FEIN, D MORRIS, R TI SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR IN AUTISM - AN ANALYSIS OF INTRASUBTEST SCATTER ON THE VINELAND ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PSYCHOL,STORRS,CT 06269. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA HZ771 UT WOS:A1992HZ77100102 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C AF GILLBERG, C TI SUBGROUPS IN AUTISM - ARE THERE BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES TYPICAL OF UNDERLYING MEDICAL CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INAUGURAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPES CY NOV, 1990 CL WELSHPOOL, WALES SP SOC STUDY BEHAV PHENOTYPES ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS; ASPERGER SYNDROME; SCHOOL CHILDREN; POPULATION; DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; SWEDEN; TWIN AB Fifty-nine cases with infantile autism/autistic disorder were subclassified according to associated medical condition (fragile-X, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, hypo-melanosis of Ito, Moebius syndrome, Rett syndrome, and a 'new' syndrome associated with a marker chromosome). It was concluded that, even within a group of cases fitting currently accepted criteria for autism, there is considerable variation in symptom profile depending on the exact type of associated medical condition. RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSSON L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P441 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 COLEMAN M, 1989, OCT AUSS C AUST AUSS Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FRITH U, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P33 GARREAU B, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02408559 GILLBERG C, 1990, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE, V20 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 GILLBERG C, 1990, IN PRESS BRAIN DYSFU GILLBERG C, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00116.x GILLBERG C, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb01717.x GILLBERG C, 1991, IN PRESS BRIT J PSYC GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V5, P813 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531816 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, ATTENTION DEFICIT DI, P93 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P105 HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 HUNT A, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P190 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V1, P3 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P312 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF01487267 World Health Organization, 1989, ICD10 NR 41 TC 48 Z9 48 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 36 BP 201 EP 214 PN 3 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA HZ136 UT WOS:A1992HZ13600001 PM 1623312 ER PT J AU BROOK, SL AF BROOK, SL TI AUTISM AND LIFE IN THE COMMUNITY - SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTIONS FOR BEHAVIORAL CHALLENGES - SMITH,MD SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review CR SMITH MD, 1990, AUTISM LIFE COMMUNIT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 36 BP 286 EP 286 PN 3 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA HZ136 UT WOS:A1992HZ13600011 ER PT J AU SCHARRE, JE CREEDON, MP AF SCHARRE, JE CREEDON, MP TI ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL FUNCTION IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ACUITY CARD PROCEDURE; STRABISMUS; OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS; CHILDREN AB Children with autism demonstrate "atypical" gaze or social "looking" and frequently manifest such sterotypies as eye pressing, hand flicking, and light gazing. This study's purpose was to evaluate autistic children for visual dysfunction that may be related to the manifested visual signs and symptoms. Thirty-four autistic children, ages 2 to 11 years (median age = 7 years, 6 months) were evaluated for ocular alignment, refractive error, visual acuity, oculomotility skills, and stereopsis. None of the children manifested ocular disease, known seizure disorders, or dysmorphic features. Their developmental levels ranged from average intelligence to severely retarded. Binocular visual acuity was measured with the acuity card procedure. Monocular visual acuity was not obtained. Refractive errors ranged from -4.25 to +3.25 D; the median was plano with the near retinoscopy technique. Of the 34 children, 21% were strabismic at far and 18% were strabismic at near. Lang stereo testing was attempted on all children and completed on 17. Of the 17, all but 3 exhibited 550 sec arc. Only 14.7% of the children exhibited voluntary pursuit movements, and all the children demonstrated saccadic fixations. Thirty-one children had atypical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) responses such as delayed onset, short duration, gaze avoidance, or stereotypic behavior. Repeated testing revealed consistent visual responses on OKN and visual acuity. Given these findings, research with this population should be pursued further. RP SCHARRE, JE (reprint author), ILLINOIS COLL OPTOMETRY,3241 S MICHIGAN AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60616, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1097/00006324-199206000-00004 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA HY676 UT WOS:A1992HY67600004 PM 1641224 ER PT J AU VONGONTARD, A HILLIG, U HEROLD, D AF VONGONTARD, A HILLIG, U HEROLD, D TI CLINICAL AND CYTOGENETIC PROBLEMS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Article DE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME; CLINICAL FEATURES; CYTOGENETICS ID AUTISM; DNA; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; INSTABILITY; CHROMOSOME; POPULATION; CHILDREN; MALES AB The fragile X or Martin-Bell syndrome is the second most common chromosomal cause of mental retardation. It has a prevalence of 1:1000; the clinical and psychopathologic symptoms vary. The difficult diagnosis rests on cytogenetic evidence of the fragile site at Xq 27.3. 18 patients were tested for fragile X syndrome in 4 different laboratories. Of the 32 chromosomal analyses performed 17 were positive and 15 negative. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA JE521 UT WOS:A1992JE52100006 PM 1509819 ER PT J AU ROBBINS, FR DUNLAP, G AF ROBBINS, FR DUNLAP, G TI EFFECTS OF TASK-DIFFICULTY ON PARENT TEACHING SKILLS AND BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS OF YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article AB Responses of 15 young children with autism and their mothers were analyzed as these families proceeded through a program of skill training and family support. The influence of task difficulty on the children's behavior problems and on the mother's teaching skills was evaluated at three distinct points over a one-year period. Results showed that (a) behavior problems were significantly reduced and teaching skills were significantly improved over the course of training and (b) the difficulty of the task was related to behavior problems and teaching skills. Findings were discussed in relation to implications for assessment and intervention with young children who have autism. RP ROBBINS, FR (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,FLORIDA MENTAL HLTH INST,DEPT CHILD & FAMILY STUDIES,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. CR Abidin R. R., 1983, PARENTING STRESS IND Anderson S. R., 1987, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V10, P352 BAKER BL, 1984, SEVERELY HANDICAPPED, P319 BAKER BL, 1976, BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS Barber PA, 1988, EARLY INTERVENTION I, P179 Carr E. G., 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE, P221 Carr E.G., 1990, MONOGRAPH ASS PERSON, V4 CARR EG, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P101, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-101 DEVONEY C, 1988, MICROSTAT 2 INTERACT Dunlap G., 1990, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES, P273 DUNLAP G, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P194 DUNLAP G, 1988, EARLY INTERVENTION Y DUNLAP G, 1988, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V12, P147 Durand V. M., 1982, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V7, P44 GLOVER ME, 1978, EARLY LEARNING ACCOM IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 Koegel R. L., 1984, PARENT TRAINING FDN, P358 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P95, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-95 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Meyer L. H., 1989, NONAVERSIVE INTERVEN PLIENIS AJ, 1988, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V1, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01110554 ROBBINS FR, 1989, THESIS FLORIDA STATE ROBBINS FR, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V15, P173 ROBBINS FR, 1988, UNPUB CODE ASSESSMEN SANFORD AR, 1981, LEARNING ACCOMPLISHM STRAIN PS, 1989, ASS BEHAVIOR ANAL C WEEKS M, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-449 Winterling V., 1987, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V10, P105, DOI DOI 10.1007/S10803-006-0248-1 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 96 IS 6 BP 631 EP 643 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA HV293 UT WOS:A1992HV29300011 PM 1344940 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, DD AF ARMSTRONG, DD TI THE NEUROPATHOLOGY OF THE RETT SYNDROME SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SATELLITE SYMP OF THE RETT SYNDROME, AT THE JOINT CONVENTION OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CHILD NEUROLOGY CONGRESS / 3RD ASIAN AND OCEANIAN CONGRESS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY CY NOV 03-04, 1990 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP JAPAN BRAIN FDN DE RETT SYNDROME; NEUROPATHOLOGY; GOLGI STUDIES; CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES; MITOCHONDRIAL LESIONS ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; BIOGENIC-AMINES; INVOLVEMENT; METABOLITES; AUTISM; GIRLS; BRAIN AB The neuropathology of the Rett syndrome is summarized utilizing a format of clinical pathological correlations, describing the pathology at specific anatomic sites which could correlate with the well defined clinical signs and symptoms in the Rett syndrome; decreased head and body size, autism, gait dysfunction, spasticity, movement and breathing disorder. Published reports of altered morphology in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, substantia nigra, cerebellum, spinal cord, muscle, nerve, pituitary gland and somatic organs are supplemented by the author's observations. These include studies of dendritic morphology employing Scholl analysis of Golgi preparation, and quantitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The possible pathoetiology of the Rett syndrome is considered, particularly, in relation to the ultrastructural demonstration of altered mitochondria and accumulations of lipidic bodies in several tissues. RP ARMSTRONG, DD (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. CR BADR GG, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P517 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BRASE DA, 1989, LIFE SCI, V45, P359, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90620-6 BUDDEN SS, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P81 CIARANELLO RD, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF01531304 DIELER R, 1990, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V79, P573 EEGOLOFSSON O, 1988, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V10, P260 EYRE JA, IN PRESS J NEUROL NE FITZGERALD PM, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40, P293 GLAZE DG, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V21, P377, DOI 10.1002/ana.410210410 GLAZE DG, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P1053 HAAS RR, 1983, J CHILD NEUROL S, V3, P25 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P372 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HARDING BN, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P342 HESS GD, 1988, BRAIN RES B, V21, P473 HOLM VA, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P119 JELLINGER K, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P259 JELLINGER K, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P109 JELLINGER K, 1988, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V76, P142 JELLINGER KA, IN PRESS DISORDERS M KITT CA, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P416 KRAGELOHMANN I, 1989, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V11, P175 LEKMAN A, 1990, CLIN GENET, V37, P173 MISSLIWETZ J, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P326 NOMURA Y, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P334 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 OLDFORS A, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P172, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90007-0 OLDFORS A, 1990, PEDIATR NEUROL, V6, P310, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(90)90022-S PAPADIMITRIOU JM, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V29, P365, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320290216 PERCY A, 1990, NEUROL CLIN, V8, P659 PERRY TL, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V112, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80060-X Rett A, 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V29, P305 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 RUCH A, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P320, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90027-1 SCHOLL DA, 1983, J ANAT, V87, P387 SCHULZ B, 1990, 6TH ANN PED NURS S H SEGAWA M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P55 TAKASHIMA S, 1980, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V39, P487, DOI 10.1097/00005072-198007000-00007 TAKASHIMA S, 1978, ANN NEUROL, V4, P257, DOI 10.1002/ana.410040312 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL S, V6, P16 WAGNER HN, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P211 WAKIA S, 1990, PEDIAT NEUROL, V6, P339 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1990, ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCA, V396, P1 ZOGHBI HY, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P921, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198510103131504 ZOGHBI HY, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P56, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250109 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0387-7604 J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN JI Brain Dev. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 SU S BP S89 EP S98 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HW947 UT WOS:A1992HW94700014 PM 1626639 ER PT J AU ENGERSTROM, IW AF ENGERSTROM, IW TI AGE-RELATED OCCURRENCE OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN THE RETT SYNDROME SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SATELLITE SYMP OF THE RETT SYNDROME, AT THE JOINT CONVENTION OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CHILD NEUROLOGY CONGRESS / 3RD ASIAN AND OCEANIAN CONGRESS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY CY NOV 03-04, 1990 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP JAPAN BRAIN FDN DE RETT SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY; PROGRESSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY; AUTISM; COMMUNICATION DISABILITY; MOVEMENT DISORDER; APRAXIA; MOTOR DISABILITY; SPINAL CORD AND BASAL GANGLIA IMPAIRMENTS ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION; NATURAL-HISTORY; GIRLS; CHILDREN; FEATURES; BRAIN AB The occurrence of signs and symptoms in the Rett syndrome (RS) was analyzed in a series of females born 1945-87 (median age 17 1/2 years) and fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for classic RS. For general information, data from 91 girls and women were used (group A), while the more detailed analyses were based on three age related subgroups: the youngest 20, born 1980-87 (group B); the 34 girls born 1970-79 (group C); and the oldest 37, born 1945-69 (group D). Data from group A indicated a developmental stagnation (stage I) at median age 11 (5-24) months and loss of ability to use acquired skills (stage II) at 19 (12-36) months. Group B displayed subtle prodromes in the first months of life, and later in infancy gross motor delay with insufficient equilibrium control. Development invariably came to a definite break at a crucial stage of maturation and was followed by a remarkable "awakening " and return of interest to act and interact (stage III). Loss of skills belonged to the triad contact/communication, hand use/skill, and babble/words. By age 2 1/2 years, apraxia and involuntary and stereotyped movements, were found in all. Seizures, hyperventilation and spells of screams and laughter were more frequent in group C (94%, 65% and 71%, respectively), and breathholding, bloating and drooling in group D (73%, 43% and 81%, respectively). Plantar flexion and abiotrophy of feet, as well as peroneal weakness and scoliosis, increased with age and was found in 89%, 86%, and 89%, respectively. The sequence of events described, emerged as subtle insufficiency and more or less abruptly turned into loss. Conversely to known progressive encephalopathies, the deterioration was followed by excess of activity, only years later to turn into restriction. RP ENGERSTROM, IW (reprint author), HOSP OSTERSUND,CTR PEDIAT HABILITAT,TALLASVAGEN 4,S-83142 OSTERSUND,SWEDEN. CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BUDDEN SS, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P99 DAHLSTROM AB, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P433 DENEGRI M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P195 DERENZI E, 1968, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V6, P41, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(68)90037-7 EYRE JA, 1990, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V53, P874, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.53.10.874 FITZGERALD PM, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40, P293 FORSBERG H, 1985, BRAIN RES, V257, P480 Galaburda A. M., 1984, CEREBRAL DOMINANCE B, P11 GARFALO EA, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P350 GLAZE DG, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P1053 HAGBERG B, 1990, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAN S, P369 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P372 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P1 HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 HAGNE I, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V72, P1, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(89)90025-4 ISHIKAWA A, 1978, BRAIN DEV, V3, P258 KERR A, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P61 KERR AM, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P487 KERR AM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P77 LARGO RH, 1979, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V21, P299 LUGARESI E, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P329 LUGARESI E, 1982, H GASTAUT MARSEILLES, P317 NAIDU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P61 NIEDERMEYER E, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P53 NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 NJIOKITJIEN C, 1988, PEDIATRIC BEHAVIOURA, V1 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P16 NOMURA Y, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P506 OLDFORS A, 1990, PEDIATR NEUROL, V6, P310, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(90)90022-S OLSSON B, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P11 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V19, P85, DOI 10.3109/00207458309148648 PERCY A, 1990, NEUROL CLIN, V8, P659 PERCY AK, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, P65 PHILIPPART M, 1984, ANN NEUROL, V16, P387 Rett A, 1966, CEREBRAL ATROPHISCHE ROTHWELL JC, 1987, CONTROL HUMAN VOLUNT, P286 SEGAWA M, 1988, ADV NEUROLOGY, V50 SEGAWA M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P55 Severinghaus JW, 1962, CLIN RES, V10, P122 SOUTHALL DP, 1988, ARCH DIS CHILD, V63, P1039 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P23 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF01487267 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P481 WITTENGERSTROM IW, 1992, IN PRESS ACTA PAEDIA WITTENGERSTROM WI, 1990, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAN S, P369 1988, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0387-7604 J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN JI Brain Dev. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 SU S BP S11 EP S20 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HW947 UT WOS:A1992HW94700003 ER PT J AU SEGAWA, M NOMURA, Y AF SEGAWA, M NOMURA, Y TI POLYSOMNOGRAPHY IN THE RETT SYNDROME SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SATELLITE SYMP OF THE RETT SYNDROME, AT THE JOINT CONVENTION OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CHILD NEUROLOGY CONGRESS / 3RD ASIAN AND OCEANIAN CONGRESS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY CY NOV 03-04, 1990 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP JAPAN BRAIN FDN DE RETT SYNDROME; INFANTILE AUTISM; HEREDITARY PROGRESSIVE DYSTONIA WITH MARKED DIURNAL FLUCTUATION; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; MONOAMINE NEURONS; BRAIN STEM ID SLEEP AB The features of sleep parameters in the Rett syndrome were compared with those in early infantile autism (EIA) and hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation (HPD). The sleep-wakefulness cycle and the tonic and phasic components of sleep were evaluated in each disorder, the former was estimated by the day-by-day plot method and the latter two by polysomnography (PSG)following our method. Abnormalities of the sleep-wakefulness cycle were observed in the Rett syndrome and EIA, but in the latter these abnormalities became inapparent with age and improved markedly by correcting the environmental condition and completely by 5-hydroxytriptophan. The latter, if treated early, was followed by improvement of behavior. In the Rett syndrome, however, the abnormalities continued into late childhood to adolescence. In HPD, PSG abnormalities were restricted to the phasic component, which improved completely after levodopa in accordance with the clinical improvement. On the other hand, in the Rett syndrome as well as in EIA both the phasic and tonic components were involved and also the leakage of the components of REM stage into NREM stage was observed. In the Rett syndrome, these abnormalities aggravated with age, with disturbances in % sleep stage, nocturnal variation of tonic and phasic components of sleep and REM-NREM cycles, while in EIA the results of PSGs revealed no such progressions but showed an increase in twitch movement and a lack of normal increase in the number of REMs occurring in short intervals. In reference to the recent knowledge of sleep mechanism these results imply the pathophysiology of the Rett syndrome as the irreversible abnormalities of the monoamine neurons of the brainstem or their terminals which are related to particular abnormalities of sleep components and particular psychomental and motor symptoms. RP SEGAWA, M (reprint author), SEGAWA NEUROL CLIN CHILDREN,2-8 SURUGADAI,CHIYODA KU,TOKYO 101,JAPAN. CR HAHSIMOTO T, 1985, P ANN M RES COMMITTE, P89 HASHIMOTO T, 1984, P ANN M RES COMMITTE, P11 HOBSON JA, 1983, MONOGRAPH SERIES, V1, P1 Hume KI, 1977, WAKING SLEEPING, V1, P291 Jacobs BL, 1985, SLEEP NEUROTRANSMITT, P1 MCCARLEY RW, 1975, SCIENCE, V189, P58, DOI 10.1126/science.1135627 McGeer EG, 1973, NEW CONCEPTS NEUROTR, P53 MIRMIRAN M, 1986, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V8, P382 NOMURA Y, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P289 NOMURA Y, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P334 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 NOMURA Y, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P506 RENAULT J, 1976, THESIS U LYON, P149 SAKAI J, 1984, SLEEP MECHANISMS EXP, P3 SEGAWA M, 1988, P ANN M RES COMMITTE, P304 SEGAWA M, 1985, ADV NEUROL SCI, V29, P140 SEGAWA M, 1981, ADV NEUROL SCI TOKYO, V25, P73 SEGAWA M, 1986, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V5, P529 SEGAWA M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P55 Segawa M, 1988, Adv Neurol, V50, P367 SEGAWA M, 1987, BASAL GANGLIA, P489 SEGAWA M, IN PRESS BASAL GAN 2 Segawa M, 1976, Adv Neurol, V14, P215 SWAAB DF, 1985, BRAIN RES, V342, P37, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91350-2 UCHIYAMA A, 1987, CLIN ELECTOENDCEPHAL, V29, P782 1984, P ANN M RES COMMITTE NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0387-7604 J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN JI Brain Dev. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 SU S BP S46 EP S54 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HW947 UT WOS:A1992HW94700008 PM 1626634 ER PT J AU YOSHIKAWA, H AF YOSHIKAWA, H TI CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW AND OXYGEN-METABOLISM IN THE RETT SYNDROME SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SATELLITE SYMP OF THE RETT SYNDROME, AT THE JOINT CONVENTION OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CHILD NEUROLOGY CONGRESS / 3RD ASIAN AND OCEANIAN CONGRESS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY CY NOV 03-04, 1990 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP JAPAN BRAIN FDN DE RETT SYNDROME; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; HYPERFRONTALITY; OXYGEN METABOLISM ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; FRONTAL-LOBE; PATTERN; VALUES; AUTISM AB Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed on six patients with the Rett syndrome and the results were compared with the concurrent clinical status of the patients. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) was low in five patients, and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) was low in four patients; both had a tendency to decline with advancing age. Although the cause is unknown, it is suggested that impaired oxidative metabolism exists in the Rett syndrome. An analysis of the distribution among brain regions showed that the ratios of values for the frontal cortex to those for the temporal cortex for both the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CMRO2 were lower than those. for the controls, which may indicate the loss of hyperfrontality in the Rett syndrome. Distribution of brain metabolism may be immature in the Rett syndrome. C1 NATL NAKANO CHEST HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,TOKYO,JAPAN. NATL CTR NEUROL & PSYCHAT,NATL INST NEUROSCI,DIV INHERITED METAB DIS,KODAIRA,JAPAN. RP YOSHIKAWA, H (reprint author), NATL CTR HOSP MENTAL NERVOUS & MUSCULAR DISORDERS,DIV CHILD NEUROL,NCNP,4-1-1 OGAWAHIGASHI CHO,KODAIRA,TOKYO 187,JAPAN. CR BES A, 1983, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V3, P33 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 CHUGANI HT, 1987, J CEREB BLOOD FLOW, V7, pS553 DEVOLDER AG, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P239, DOI 10.1002/ana.410260210 EEGOLOFSSON O, 1988, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V10, P260 ENJOJI S, 1977, ENJOJI ANAL TEST DEV FRACKOWIAK RSJ, 1988, BRAIN, V111, P1009, DOI 10.1093/brain/111.5.1009 FRACKOWIAK RSJ, 1980, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V4, P727, DOI 10.1097/00004728-198012000-00001 GOFFINET AM, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P131, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250205 HARRIS JC, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P201 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 JAVOYAGID F, 1980, NEUROLOGY, V30, P1326 KETY S S, 1956, J Chronic Dis, V3, P478, DOI 10.1016/0021-9681(56)90146-1 LASSEN NA, 1966, LANCET, V2, P1113 LAVY S, 1979, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V36, P344 NAIDU S, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V24, P305 NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 PERRY TL, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V112, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80060-X RIEDERER P, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P305 RIEDERER P, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P351 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 SCATTON B, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P1039 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 WISE RJS, 1983, BRAIN, V106, P197, DOI 10.1093/brain/106.1.197 WOLFSON LI, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1399 YOSHIKAWA H, 1991, J CHILD NEUROL, V6, P237 ZOGHBI HY, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P921, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198510103131504 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0387-7604 J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN JI Brain Dev. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 SU S BP S69 EP S74 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HW947 UT WOS:A1992HW94700011 PM 1626637 ER PT J AU BALTAXE, CAM SIMMONS, JQ AF BALTAXE, CAM SIMMONS, JQ TI GENDER-RELATED VULNERABILITY TO COMMUNICATION DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS SO BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; GENDER DIFFERENCES ID LANGUAGE DISORDERS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; SPEECH; AUTISM; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; CARE AB The communication characteristics of 600 children and adolescents diagnosed with psychiatric disorders were examined for gender-related vulnerability to communication impairments. The results were: (1) males showed greater incidence of communication handicaps compared to the female subjects, at a ratio of 2.5:1; (2) both groups presented with the same discrete types of communication impairment in speech and language, but females showed significantly greater incidence and greater severity of language impairment, and (3) a greater proportion of females showed the diagnoses of mental retardation, seizure disorders and organic brain disorders, all suggestive of brain pathology. These results are discussed in terms of differential genetic predisposing factors and possible social risk factors contributing to gender-related differences in vulnerability to communication disorders. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CR ANDERSON J, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P66 ANDREWS G, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P226 BALTAXE CAM, 1987, M AM SPEECH HEAR ASS BEITCHMAN J, UNPUB LANGUAGE IMPAI BEITCHMAN J, 1985, PSYCHIATR CLIN N AM, V8, P4 BEITCHMAN JH, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P98 BEITCHMAN JH, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P528, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(10)60013-1 BERRY CA, 1985, PEDIATRICS, V76, P801 BIRD HR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P847, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198911000-00006 Camarata S. M., 1988, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V19, P191 CANTWELL DP, 1987, J CHILD NEUROL, V2, P257 CANTWELL DP, 1987, J COMMUN DISORD, V20, P151, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(87)90006-2 Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1985, TEST AUDITORY COMPRE Chapman R., 1981, ASSESSING LANGUAGE P, P111 CHESS S, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P99, DOI 10.1007/BF02105364 GILLESPI.SK, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V16, P739 COSTELLO EJ, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P1107 CROWTHER JH, 1981, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V9, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF00917855 DECKER SN, 1980, J LEARN DISABIL, V13, P517 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA EARLS F, 1987, PSYCHIAT DEV, V5, P1 FABIA J, 1970, J MENT DEFIC RES, V14, P235 Fienberg S., 1975, DISCRETE MULTIVARIAT Gardner M. F., 1985, TEST AUDITORY PERCEP GARDNER MF, 1983, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD GARDNER MF, 1979, EXPRESSIVE ONE OWRD GOLDMAN R, 1986, G FRISTOE TEST ARTIC GOULD MS, 1980, MENTAL ILLNESS US EP, P9 GRAHAM P, 1986, CHILD PSYCHIATRY DEV GUALTIERI CT, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P165, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62330-X HAMILL DD, 1985, DETROIT TESTS LEARNI HIER DB, 1980, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V3, P238 Hull F M, 1971, ASHA, V13, P501 KASHANI JH, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P701, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198909000-00010 KIDD KK, 1978, J FLUENCY DISORD, V3, P13, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(78)90003-7 LORD C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01538320 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 LUDLOW CL, 1983, GENETIC ASPECTS SPEE MCGEE R, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P251, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00147.x MILLISEN R, 1971, HDB SPEECH PATHOLOGY, P619 NEILS JR, 1986, BRAIN LANG, V28, P53, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(86)90090-8 NEWMANN P, 1985, ASSESSMENT REMEDIATI OFFORD DR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P832 OUNSTED M, 1986, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V75, P261, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10196.x PRUTTING CA, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P105 Rosenbek J. C., 1972, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V3, P23 RUTTER M, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P493, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.6.493 Rutter M., 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4, P775 RUTTER M, 1970, ED HLTH BEHAVIOR RUTTER M, 1971, MENTAL RETARDATION A, V3, P186 SATZ P, 1983, GENETIC ASPECTS SPEE, P85 Scarr S., 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V2 Semel E., 1987, CLIN EVALUATION LANG SHAFFER D, 1986, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY, P129 STEWART JM, 1983, J COMMUN DISORD, V16, P345, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(83)90017-5 STEWART JM, 1981, J COMMUN DISORD, V14, P467, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(81)90028-9 TAYLOR DC, UNPUB NATURE GENDER TRAUTMAN J, 1990, J CHILD COMMUNICATIO, V13, P123 TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P163 TSAI LY, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P373, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.4.373 VELEZ CN, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P861, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198911000-00009 Wiig E., 1985, TEST LANGUAGE COMPET WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 YOSS KA, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V17, P399 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0259-1278 J9 BRAIN DYSFUNCT PD MAY-AUG PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 252 PG 14 GA LB067 UT WOS:A1992LB06700010 ER PT J AU MCCLELLAND, RJ EYRE, DG WATSON, D CALVERT, GJ SHERRARD, E AF MCCLELLAND, RJ EYRE, DG WATSON, D CALVERT, GJ SHERRARD, E TI CENTRAL CONDUCTION TIME IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID STEM EVOKED-RESPONSES; CHILDREN; DYSFUNCTION AB To investigate the integrity of the brain-stem in 20 mentally handicapped children who met the Rutter criteria for autism, brain-stem auditory evoked potentials were obtained for a range of stimulus intensities. Central conduction times (CCTs) were calculated for the Wave I-Wave V interval of the brain-stem potentials. In children under 14 years of age CCTs were normal. In children 14 years of age and over, three of four girls and eight of nine boys had CCTs exceeding normal limits when compared with a group of controls of normal intelligence, matched for age and sex. CCTs recorded from a group of non-autistic mentally handicapped children were within normal limits. The age distributions are consistent with a maturational defect in myelination within the brain-stem in autism, a defect which may have a much wider anatomical distribution throughout cortical and subcortical structures. C1 STRADREAGH HOSP,MENTAL HANDICAP,LONDONDERRY,NORTH IRELAND. MUCKAMORE ABBEY HOSP,MENTAL HANDICAP,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. BELFAST CITY HOSP,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,BELFAST BT9 7AD,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. HOLYWELL HOSP,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. RP MCCLELLAND, RJ (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,DEPT MENTAL HLTH,WHITLA MED BLDG,97 LISBURN RD,BELFAST BT9 7BL,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. CR BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 COURCHESNE E, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V61, P491, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(85)90967-8 FEIN D, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531513 HOUSTON HG, 1985, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V20, P419, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90044-7 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 MACCULLO.MJ, 1971, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V47, P295, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1971.tb02216.x MCALLISTER HG, 1983, BRIT J AUDIOL, V17, P264 MCCLELLAND RJ, 1977, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V43, P578 NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 ORNITZ EM, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V19, P85, DOI 10.3109/00207458309148648 ORNITZ EM, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C PLOOG D, 1979, CIBA F, V69 PRIOR MR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P8, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.8 RICKS D, 1975, LANGUAGE COGNITIVE D Rimland B., 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM ROSENBLUM SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P215, DOI 10.1007/BF02408472 RUMSEY JM, 1984, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V19, P1403 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SKOFF BF, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V2, P157, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90072-4 SOHMER H, 1978, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V44, P380, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(78)90313-9 TANGUAY PE, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P174 TAYLOR MJ, 1982, EVENT RELATED POTENT, P379 WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V88, P78 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD MAY PY 1992 VL 160 BP 659 EP 663 DI 10.1192/bjp.160.5.659 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HT693 UT WOS:A1992HT69300010 PM 1591575 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C GILLBERG, IC STEFFENBURG, S AF GILLBERG, C GILLBERG, IC STEFFENBURG, S TI SIBLINGS AND PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - A CONTROLLED POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; ATTENTIONAL DEFICITS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PERSONALITY; PAIRS; MOTOR; TWIN AB The siblings and parents of 35 children with infantile autism/autistic disorder were compared with those of children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) and of normal children for reported speech and language problems, reading and spelling problems, social deficits and psychiatric disorders. Children with autism tended more often to be the first and only child and there was some support for genetic stoppage in this groups. Learning disorders were equally common among siblings and parents of the autism and normal groups, but less common compared with the DAMP group. Asperger syndrome was more common among first-degree relatives of children with autism compared with normal children. There was a tendency for schizo-affective disorder to be more common among mothers of children with autism. The findings are discussed in the context of a genetic model for the development of autism. RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), ANNEDALS CLIN,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR AUGUST GJ, 1901, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOWMAN EP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P377, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.377 CANTWELL DP, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 COX A, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P146, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.146 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00116.x GILLBERG C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01531783 GILLBERG C, 1982, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V23, P131, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00058.x Gillberg C, 1985, NORDISK PSYKIATRISK, V39, P307, DOI 10.3109/08039488509101911 Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004 GILLBERG C, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P641 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x JONES MB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02211816 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.403 MACDONALD H, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 REISS AL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P25 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 31 TC 69 Z9 70 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 34 IS 5 BP 389 EP 398 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA HQ149 UT WOS:A1992HQ14900002 PM 1592192 ER PT J AU BELL, KE STEIN, DM AF BELL, KE STEIN, DM TI BEHAVIORAL TREATMENTS FOR PICA - A REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL-STUDIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT; PHYSICAL RESTRAINT; OVERCORRECTION; SUPPRESSION; PATIENT; AUTISM AB Behavioral treatments for the eating disorder pica are reviewed. An extensive search of the literature yielded five previous reviews, 45 articles, and 3 dissertations. Interventions designed to reduce pica are described, including self-protective devices, overcorrection, water mist and aromatic ammonia, brief restraint, differential reinforcement, discrimination training, patient self-report, and ecological modifications. Many interventions were associated with reductions or eliminations of pica and required few hours of intensive therapist or staff involvement. Methodological problems with the published data base on pica are assessed. Suggestions for further primary research and reviews are included. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,COMMUNITY CLIN,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP BELL, KE (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,UMC 2810,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. CR ABUHAMDAN DK, 1985, AM J MED, V79, P517, DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90042-7 ALBIN JB, 1977, MENT RETARD, V15, P14 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AUSMAN J, 1974, MENT RETARD, V12, P16 BITHONEY WG, 1985, AM J DIS CHILD, V139, P456 BLUESTONE MA, 1985, 93RD ANN CONV AM PSY BUCHER B, 1976, J BEHAVIOR THERAPY E, V7, P112 CALLINAN V, 1988, AM J MED, V85, P449, DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90611-0 Chisholm J C Jr, 1981, J Natl Med Assoc, V73, P163 CROSBY WH, 1971, ARCH INTERN MED, V127, P960 DANFORD DE, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P141 DANFORD DE, 1982, AM J CLIN NUTR, V35, P958 DONNELLY DR, 1990, BEHAV MODIF, V14, P81, DOI 10.1177/01454455900141006 FAVELL JE, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P83, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90007-6 FELDMAN MD, 1986, PSYCHOSOMATICS, V27, P519 FINNEY J W, 1982, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, V7, P197, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/7.2.197 FOXX RM, 1975, BEHAV RES THER, V13, P153, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(75)90009-1 FRAZER JE, 1989, THESIS BALL STATE U FU JSL, 1973, NEW ENGL J MED, V289, P1219 GUGGENHEIM FG, 1984, GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT, V6, P171, DOI 10.1016/0163-8343(84)90036-7 Kalfus G. R., 1987, CHILD FAMILY BEHAV T, V9, P49 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI KINNELL HG, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P80, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.1.80 LaVigna G. W., 1986, ALTERNATIVES PUNISHM MACE FC, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-411 MADDEN N A, 1980, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, V5, P207, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/5.2.207 MADDEN NA, 1980, CHILD BEHAV THERAPY, V2, P67 MARMOR M, 1987, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V77, P554, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.77.5.554 MATSON JL, 1978, J MENT DEFIC RES, V22, P175 MCALPINE C, 1986, J MENT DEFIC RES, V30, P171 MCLOUGHLIN IJ, 1987, BRIT J HOSP MED, V37, P286 MITCHELL D, 1977, PSYCHOSOM MED, V39, P402 Mulick J A, 1980, Appl Res Ment Retard, V1, P241, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(80)90007-7 NASH DL, 1987, J AM GERIATR SOC, V35, P79 ONEILL RE, 1989, FUNCTIONAL ANAL PRAC Paisey T. J. H., 1989, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V4, P191, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360040304 PANIAGUA FA, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P550 ROJAHN J, 1987, BEHAV MODIF, V11, P65, DOI 10.1177/01454455870111005 ROJAHN J, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF02408433 SAYETTA RB, 1986, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V35, P181 Sidman M., 1989, COERCION ITS FALLOUT SINGH NN, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF02409583 SINGH NN, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V90, P40 SINGH NN, 1984, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V15, P59, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(84)90124-1 SINGH NN, 1983, PSYCHIATRIC ASPE SEP, P33 SMITH MD, 1987, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V18, P285, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(87)90012-7 SNOWDON CT, 1977, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V18, P885, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(77)90198-6 Tawney J. W., 1984, SINGLE SUBJECT RES S WINTON ASW, 1983, J MENT DEFIC RES, V27, P93 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0276-3478 J9 INT J EAT DISORDER JI Int. J. Eating Disord. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1002/1098-108X(199205)11:4<377::AID-EAT2260110412>3.0.CO;2-I PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Nutrition & Dietetics; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Psychiatry GA HP284 UT WOS:A1992HP28400011 ER PT J AU KLIN, A AF KLIN, A TI LISTENING PREFERENCES IN REGARD TO SPEECH IN 4 CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; SPEECH PERCEPTION; SOCIAL DEFICITS; LISTENING PREFERENCES ID DEFICITS; AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; DISORDERS AB In a previous experimental study of children's listening responses in regard to speech sounds, autistic children showed preferential patterns which were in sharp contrast to a group of mentally-handicapped and normally-developing children. The present study reports the data obtained for four children whose clinical diagnosis (1) became available only some time after the study was carried out, and/or (2) differed from previously recorded clinical impressions. The results obtained support previous findings according to which a lack of attraction to speech sounds appears to be a feature of young autistic children's overall disregard to people. The present technique is discussed as a viable method to examine experimentally young autistic children's social unresponsiveness. C1 UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH ECON & POLIT SCI,LONDON WC2A 2AE,ENGLAND. MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,LONDON WC1E 6AS,ENGLAND. RP KLIN, A (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. CR ALEGRIA J, 1978, INT J BEHAV DEV, V1, P291 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BUTTERFIELD EC, 1976, INTERVENTION STRATEG COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 DECASPER AJ, 1980, SCIENCE, V208, P1174, DOI 10.1126/science.7375928 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 Fourcin A.J., 1978, DEV COMMUNICATION FRIEDLAN.BZ, 1966, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V9, P47, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-47 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1989, LOND SCH EC Q, V3, P336 KLIN A, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V2, P29 KLIN A, 1988, THESIS U LONDON LOWE M, 1976, SYMBOLIC PLAY TEST E Martin J. A. M., 1981, VOICE SPEECH LANGUAG ORNITZ EM, 1978, COGNITIVE DEFECTS DE RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x RUTTER M, 1968, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V9, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02204.x Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SHERROD LR, 1981, INFANT SOCIAL COGNIT SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 Volkmar F. R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 33 IS 4 BP 763 EP 769 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00911.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HV094 UT WOS:A1992HV09400010 PM 1376327 ER PT J AU MIRANDALINNE, F MELIN, L AF MIRANDALINNE, F MELIN, L TI ACQUISITION, GENERALIZATION, AND SPONTANEOUS USE OF COLOR ADJECTIVES - A COMPARISON OF INCIDENTAL TEACHING AND TRADITIONAL DISCRETE-TRIAL PROCEDURES FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID INCREASE LANGUAGE USE; TIME-DELAY; SIGN LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; PRESCHOOL; RESPONSES; TEACHERS; PARADIGM AB Incidental teaching and traditional discrete-trial procedures were used to teach two children with autism the expressive use of two color adjectives to describe preferred toys and food items. The two teaching procedures were performed in a classroom setting, and generalization and spontaneous usage were assessed at home with parents. The results demonstrated that traditional discrete-trial teaching was more efficient and produced faster acquisition and, initially, greater generalization. However, by follow-up, the incidental teaching methods resulted in equal retention, greater generalization, and equal or greater spontaneous usage. The findings indicate that although it takes a longer time for children with autism to learn with incidental teaching procedures, once they have acquired an ability, it may be more permanent. It is recommended that incidental teaching procedures be included in future language development programs for children with autism. C1 UPPSALA UNIV,DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,BOX 1225,S-75142 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CR ALINAKERMAN B, 1980, GRIFFITHS UTVECKLING American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CAMPBELL CR, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P295, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-295 Carr E. 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Dev. Disabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 3 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.1016/0891-4222(92)90025-2 PG 20 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA JB068 UT WOS:A1992JB06800001 PM 1626079 ER PT J AU REISS, AL FREUND, L AF REISS, AL FREUND, L TI BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE OF FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - DSM-III-R AUTISTIC BEHAVIOR IN MALE-CHILDREN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; PHENOTYPE; BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPE; TREATMENT; X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION ID GAZE AB Comparison of 34 fragile X [(fra(X)] male children (age 3-18 years) with 32 IQ- and age-matched, non-fra(X) male control children was conducted using specific DSM-III-R criteria for autism. Statistical analyses supported predictions that fra(X) males show increased dysfunction in peer social play, nonverbal communication (e.g., gaze aversion, gesturing), verbal communication (e.g., rate, volume, word/phrase perseveration), and repetitive motor behaviors (e.g., handflapping, rocking). There was a trend for fra(X) children to show abnormal responsivity to sensory stimuli as well such as oversensitivity to sound and increased mouthing or smelling of objects. The investigation supports the contention that fra(X) males manifest a specific subset of behaviors from the autistic spectrum. Implications for treatment are discussed. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,KENNEDY INST,BEHAV GENET & NEUROIMAGING RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CR BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x COHEN IL, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P498, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380271 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 GLOVER TW, 1981, AM J HUM GENET, V33, P234 KREMER EJ, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1711, DOI 10.1126/science.1675488 Mesulam M. 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PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430106 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HT259 UT WOS:A1992HT25900005 PM 1605210 ER PT J AU FISCH, GS AF FISCH, GS TI IS AUTISM ASSOCIATED WITH THE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; MR; ODDS RATIO; ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION ID MENTALLY-RETARDED MALES; MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; POPULATION; CHROMOSOME; PREVALENCE; RETARDATION; CHILDREN; FREQUENCY; DISABILITIES AB In addition to mental retardation (MR), fragile X [fra(X)] has been associated with other developmental disabilities, autism in particular. Recently, several studies have concluded that the association of fra(X) with autism is at best weak and perhaps nonexistent. This study examined reports of previously published data from an epidemiological perspective to determine if the prevalence of fra(X) among autistic males was significantly different from that among MR males. Nineteen studies of autistic males and 21 studies of MR males were analyzed from 59 examined. Of 5601 MR males tested, 307 (5.5%) were cytogenetically positive. Of 1006 autistic males, 54 (5.4%) were positive. Analysis indicated no statistical difference between these proportions (Z = 0.014; p > .50). An odds ratio (OR) was also computed to determine the risk of autism from fra(X). Estimated OR almost-equal-to 1.0 [0.73, 1.32]. Attributable risk (AR), the proportionate excess risk of autism associated with exposure to fra(X) was AR almost-equal-to 0.0. That is, there was no attributable risk of autism from fra(X). The association of fra(X) with autism may reflect the association with MR that generally accompanies autism, as several earlier reports have noted. However, the similarity in prevalence of fra(X) among autistic and MR males may be biased in that studies which find no instances of fra(X) among autistic males represent 12% of the pooled sample. C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. RP FISCH, GS (reprint author), KINGS CTY HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BOX 32,451 CLARKSON AVE,BROOKLYN,NY 11203, USA. 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J. Med. Genet. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430107 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HT259 UT WOS:A1992HT25900006 PM 1605228 ER PT J AU EINFELD, S HALL, W AF EINFELD, S HALL, W TI BEHAVIOR PHENOTYPE OF THE FRAGILE X SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Note ID AUTISM; MALES C1 UNIV NEW S WALES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. UNIV NEW S WALES,NATL DRUG & ALCOHOL RES CTR,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. 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J. Med. Genet. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HT259 UT WOS:A1992HT25900007 PM 1605235 ER PT J AU TODD, RD AF TODD, RD TI NEURAL DEVELOPMENT IS REGULATED BY CLASSICAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS - DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR STIMULATION ENHANCES NEURITE OUTGROWTH SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH CONE MOTILITY; VISUAL-CORTEX; CINGULATE CORTEX; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEROTONIN; NEURONS; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB The classical neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine are thought to be involved in the etiology or treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggest that these neurotransmitters may also have roles as neural morphogens during brain development. Previously, we have demonstrated that stimulation of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors selectively inhibited neurite branching in an in vitro system (Sikich et al 1990). In the present study, the developmental role of dopamine D2 receptors in the control of neurite outgrowth has been investigated by quantitating the morphological response of cortical neurons to agonist stimulation in vitro. Cultures of fetal rat frontal, cortical neurons were shown to express both alternatively spliced forms of D2 receptor messenger RNA (mRNA). The larger mRNA form predominated (D2A444:D2A415 ratio of about 6:1). In a small but significant percentage of these neurons, culture in the presence of the D2 receptor selective agonist, quinpirole, resulted in a three-to ten-fold increase in the length of neurites and in the number of branch points per neurite. These effects were blocked by the D2 receptor antagonists eticlopride and spiperone. Early abnormalities in the stimulation of dopamine or serotonin receptor subtypes could lead to the types of neuroanatomical changes observed in studies of schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and autism. 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Psychiatry PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 794 EP 807 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90311-M PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA JA822 UT WOS:A1992JA82200005 PM 1643194 ER PT J AU BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, CH DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, JARAM VANREE, JM AF BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, CH DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, JARAM VANREE, JM TI DEFICITS IN SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR IN AUTISM AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY A SYNTHETIC ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (4-9) ANALOG SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; NEUROPEPTIDES; ETHOLOGY; AUTISM ID CHECKLIST AB When charting the structure of the social behavior of autistic children by means of an ethologically analyzed playroom session, deficits appeared in the reciprocity of eye-contact and in the location of verbal initiatives. These deficits in social behavior were beneficially influenced by treatment with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (4-9) analog ORG 2766. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT ETHOL & SOCIOECOL,3508 TB UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST,3521 GD UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP BUITELAAR, JK (reprint author), UNIV UTRECHT HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,POB 85500,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RI de Vries, Han/B-9359-2011; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 COHEN DJ, 1987, HDB AUTISM DEV DISOR COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 DEWIED D, 1982, PHYSIOL REV, V62, P976 NIESINK RJM, 1983, SCIENCE, V221, P960, DOI 10.1126/science.6308767 PIGACHE RM, 1981, FRONTIERS HORMONE RE, V8, P193 SANDMAN CA, 1980, PEPTIDES, V1, P109, DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(80)90043-1 SPRUYT BM, 1991, NEUROBIOL AGING, V13, P153 VANENGELAND H, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P879 VANENGELAND H, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES, V38, P27, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90050-Y VANHOOFF JAR, 1982, HDB METHODS NONVERBA, P362 VERBATEN MN, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF02206870 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V21 1987, DSMIIIR AM PSYCHIATR NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 48 IS 4 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1007/BF01923438 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HT788 UT WOS:A1992HT78800015 PM 1316288 ER PT J AU BIKLEN, D AF BIKLEN, D TI COMMUNICATION UNBOUND - AUTISM AND PRAXIS SO HOSPITAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 8750-2836 J9 HOSP PRACT JI Hosp. Pract. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 209 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HN967 UT WOS:A1992HN96700018 PM 1532800 ER PT J AU BEITCHMAN, JH HOOD, J INGLIS, A AF BEITCHMAN, JH HOOD, J INGLIS, A TI FAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT - A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC RISK; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL IMMATURITY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; MODEL AB The familial transmission of speech and language disorders was investigated using a community sample of five year old children with speech and/or language impairment and a control group with normal language skills. The results indicated a significantly higher prevalence rate of language-related related problems in families of speech and language impaired children than in normal language controls. Girls with speech language impairments had more affected relatives than boys, suggesting that girls with this type of family history are at a greater risk of developing speech or language related problems. The pattern of transmission of speech and language disorders was also compared with published reports of the family histories of stuttering and reading disabilities, and with reports of cognitive and linguistic deficits among families of autistic individuals. The findings are discussed in relation to the theory of an underlying neurolinguistic diathesis common to these various disabilities. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOSTAT,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP BEITCHMAN, JH (reprint author), CLARKE INST PSYCHIAT,CTR CHILD & FAMILY STUDIES,250 COLL ST,TORONTO M5T 1R8,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR ANDREWS G, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P226 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 Bankson N. W., 1977, BANKSON LANGUAGE SCR BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BEITCHMAN JH, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF00916566 BEITCHMAN JH, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P98 BEITCHMAN JH, 1985, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V8, P721 BEITCHMAN JH, 1984, SPEECH LANGUAGE DISO BEITCHMAN JH, 1985, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V30, P609 CARROW E, 1973, SCREENING TEST AUDIT DECKER SN, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P217 DeFries J., 1980, J LEARN DISABIL, V13, P53 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 GEORGE GS, 1979, SPEECH RETARDED DEAF Geschwind N., 1983, GENETIC ASPECTS SPEE GOLDMAN R, 1974, DOLDMANFRISTOEWOODCO JENKINS K, 1988, MED POST, V24 KAPLAN HI, 1985, COMPREHENSIVE TXB PS, V4 KIDD KK, 1979, NEUROGENETICS GENETI KIDD KK, 1978, J FLUENCY DISORD, V3, P13, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(78)90003-7 LORD C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531604 NEWCOMER PL, 1977, TEST LANGUAGE DEV TO NURSS JR, 1976, METROPOLITAN READINE Pendergast K, 1969, PHOTOARTICULATION TE PENNINGTON BF, 1983, CHILD DEV, V354, P369 Rutter M., 1985, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY Scarr S., 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V2 STENT GS, 1981, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V4, P163, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ne.04.030181.001115 TALLAL P, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P167 VOGLER GP, 1985, J LEARN DISABIL, V18, P419 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 200, 237 ARGYLE AVE, OTTAWA ON K2P 1B8, CANADA SN 0706-7437 J9 CAN J PSYCHIAT JI Can. J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat. PD APR PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HR925 UT WOS:A1992HR92500001 PM 1591663 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, MH SIDDONS, F FRITH, U MORTON, J AF JOHNSON, MH SIDDONS, F FRITH, U MORTON, J TI CAN AUTISM BE PREDICTED ON THE BASIS OF INFANT SCREENING-TESTS SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMPTOMS AB The authors examined infant hearing and vision screening tests for a group of children subsequently diagnosed as autistic and compared them with a group of children suffering from non-specific developmental delay, as well as with a random sample of records. Four categories (motor, vision, hearing and language, social) were investigated at three ages: six, 12 and 18 months. The random sample group had a low incidence of reported problems at all ages. The learning-disabled group had a sharp increase in reported abnormalities in all categories at 12 months. The autistic group had a selective increase in the social category alone at 18 months. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466 CR ADRIEN JL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF02206996 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x KNOBLOCH H, 1975, PEDIATRICS, V55, P182 LOSCHE G, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P749, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00815.x TSAI L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 34 IS 4 BP 316 EP 320 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA HK872 UT WOS:A1992HK87200005 PM 1572517 ER PT J AU DAVIS, E FENNOY, I LARAQUE, D KANEM, N BROWN, G MITCHELL, J AF DAVIS, E FENNOY, I LARAQUE, D KANEM, N BROWN, G MITCHELL, J TI AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES IN CHILDREN WITH PERINATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE COCAINE; PERINATAL; AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES AB Cocaine in all forms is the number one illicit drug of choice among pregnant women. Records of 70 children with cocaine exposure in utero who were referred for developmental evaluation at a large inner-city hospital were reviewed in an effort to determine whether a specific pattern of abnormalities could be discerned. Patients received physical examinations, neurological screenings, and behavioral and developmental assessments based on the Gesell Developmental Inventory, and the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Documentation of specified drug use was obtained by history. Mean age (SEM) at referral was 19.2 (1.7) months. All mothers used cocaine in one of its forms, although polydrug use was common. Growth parameters were low (median = 15th percentile). Significant neurodevelopmental abnormalities were observed, including language delay in 94% of the children and an extremely high frequency of autism (11.4%). The high rate of autistic disorders not known to occur in children exposed to alcohol or opiates alone suggests specific cocaine effects. RP DAVIS, E (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,HARLEM HOSP,DEPT CHILD ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,KOUNTZ PAVIL,5K,506 LENOX AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10037, USA. NR 0 TC 61 Z9 62 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HM906 UT WOS:A1992HM90600003 PM 1380564 ER PT J AU KLEIMAN, MD NEFF, S ROSMAN, NP AF KLEIMAN, MD NEFF, S ROSMAN, NP TI THE BRAIN IN INFANTILE-AUTISM - ARE POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES ABNORMAL SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE; HYPOPLASIA; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR AB We conducted a detailed MRI study of posterior fossa structures in 13 autistic children, 10 without seizures and three with seizures, and 28 controls, 17 without seizures and 11 with seizures, using computer-assisted planimetry, and measured midsagittal areas of cerebellar vermal lobule group I-V, vermal lobule group VI-VII, the pons, and fourth ventricle height. There were no significant differences between autistic and control subjects in any of the four regions measured, or in the ratio of areas of vermal lobules VI-VII to I-V. C1 NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,FLOATING HOSP INFANTS & CHILDREN,DIV PEDIAT NEUROL,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BRODAL A, 1981, NEUROLOGICAL ANATOMY, P299 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DEMYER W, 1984, NEUROL CLIN, V2, P139 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 HEH CWC, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P242 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KATSUI T, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531579 LAKE R, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P553 LAUNAY JM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF01487064 MINDERAA RB, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P933, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90002-3 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 ORNITZ EM, 1973, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V29, P786 ORNITZ EM, 1976, AM J PSYCHIAT, V133, P609 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1969, NEUROLOGY, V19, P653 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 ROSMAN NP, 1978, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V37, P174, DOI 10.1097/00005072-197803000-00006 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF02211823 TANGUAY PE, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P174 TAYLOR M, 1982, CAN J NEUROL, V11, P429 VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V7, P324, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198610000-00011 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 32 TC 106 Z9 107 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 753 EP 760 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HP855 UT WOS:A1992HP85500009 PM 1565227 ER PT J AU MACKLIS, RM MACKLIS, JD AF MACKLIS, RM MACKLIS, JD TI HISTORICAL AND PHRENOLOGIC REFLECTIONS ON THE NONMOTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBELLUM - LOVE UNDER THE TENT SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMOTION; AUTISM C1 HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP MACKLIS, RM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,JOINT CTR RADIAT THERAPY,50 BINNEY ST,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. CR ARI DM, 1991, NEUROLOGY S, V41, P307 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BOARDMAN A, 1854, G COMBES LECTURES PH, P22 Combe G, 1838, FUNCTIONS CEREBELLUM COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DOW RS, 1970, CEREBELLUM HLTH DISE DUFFNER PK, 1983, CANCER, V51, P233, DOI 10.1002/1097-0142(19830115)51:2<233::AID-CNCR2820510211>3.0.CO;2-8 FOWLER OS, 1846, FOWLERS PRACTICAL PH FOWLER OS, 1851, AMATIVENESS EVILS RE FOWLER OS, 1851, ILLUSTRATED SELF INS GALL FJ, 1791, UNPUB PHILOS MED UNT GUTZMANN H, 1987, ARCH GERONTOL GERIAT, V6, P61, DOI 10.1016/0167-4943(87)90039-2 HEATH RG, 1980, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V15, P541 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 LALONDE R, 1990, BRAIN RES REV, V15, P325, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(90)90006-A LESKY E, 1970, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, V44, P297 REISE W, 1951, J HIST MED ALLIED 2, V6, P439 RISE W, 1950, J HIST MED ALLIED 1, V5, P51 SNIDER RS, 1976, J NEUROSCI RES, V2, P133, DOI 10.1002/jnr.490020204 Spurzheim J.C., 1815, PHYSIOGNOMICAL SYSTE Temkin Owsie, 1947, BULL HISTORY MED, V21 (3), P275 WALLACE RB, 1972, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V5, P35, DOI 10.1002/dev.420050105 WATSON PJ, 1978, PSYCHOL BULL, V85, P944, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.85.5.944 WINDSOR W, 1930, PHRENOLOGY BECOME RI YOUNG RM, 1972, FJ GALL ENTRY DICT S, V5, P250 1824, EDINBURGH MED SURG J, V21, P98 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 928 EP 932 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HP855 UT WOS:A1992HP85500045 PM 1565255 ER PT J AU AKSHOOMOFF, NA COURCHESNE, E PRESS, GA IRAGUI, V AF AKSHOOMOFF, NA COURCHESNE, E PRESS, GA IRAGUI, V TI CONTRIBUTION OF THE CEREBELLUM TO NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING - EVIDENCE FROM A CASE OF CEREBELLAR DEGENERATIVE DISORDER SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ANATOMIC-MR CORRELATION; OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHY; SAGITTAL PLANE; MENTAL SKILLS; DIASCHISIS; INFARCTION; HYPOPLASIA; METABOLISM; DEMENTIA; AUTISM AB A detailed neuropsychological evaluation was performed on a patient with an idiopathic cerebellar degenerative disorder. Significant deficits were found in verbal and nonverbal intelligence. verbal associative learning, and visuospatial skills. These deficits were not readily explained by motor control difficulties. In contrast to the patient's moderately impaired language abilities, he was severely impaired on a test of verbal fluency and demonstrated mild naming deficits. Severe cerebellar parenchymal volume loss was demonstrated by magnetic resonance examination. Supratentorial structures showed only minimal posterior parietal and occipital sulcal prominence. On neurological examination, this patient had signs of severe involvement of the cerebellar systems and mild-to-moderate dysfunction of the corticospinal tract. As is characteristic of patients with cerebellar degeneration, there was neurophysiological evidence of subclinical involvement of auditory and somatosensory pathways at the level of the brain stem. Since relatively little cerebral cortical atrophy was noted in this patient. these findings suggest that an intact cerebellum is important for normal cognitive functions. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT NEUROSCI,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. KAISER PERMANENTE HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP AKSHOOMOFF, NA (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,8001 FROST ST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123, USA. CR ANDERSON NE, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P533, DOI 10.1002/ana.410230602 [Anonymous], 1984, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V1, P3 BARKER WW, 1991, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V11, P48 Baron JC, 1981, J CEREB BLOOD FLOW M, V1, ps500 BECK AT, 1961, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V4, P561 Benton A. L., 1983, CONTRIBUTIONS NEUROP Benton AL, 1976, MULTILINGUAL APHASIA BERENT S, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P997 Botez MI, 1990, NEUROLOGY S1, V40, P173 BOTEZ MI, 1989, ITAL J NEUROL SCI, V10, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02333774 BRACKETOLKMITT R, 1989, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V103, P442, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.103.2.442 BROICH K, 1987, NEUROSCI LETT, V83, P7, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90207-2 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AM J NEURORADIOL, V10, P659 CUMMINGS JL, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P682, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.6.682 DELIS DC, 1987, CALIFORNIA VERBAL LE DOW RS, 1988, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V5, P307, DOI 10.1097/00004691-198810000-00001 Dow RS, 1942, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V5, P121 Dunn L. M., 1981, MANUAL PEABODY PICTU FEHRENBACH RA, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P306 FOLSTEIN MF, 1975, J PSYCHIAT RES, V12, P189, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 GILMAN S, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P223, DOI 10.1002/ana.410230303 Giordani B, 1989, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V11, P53 Goodglass H, 1983, ASSESSMENT APHASIA R, V2nd HARDING AE, 1984, HERIDITARY ATAXIAS R Heaton RK, 1981, WISCONSIN CARD SORTI HSU M, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1160 Ito M, 1984, CEREBELLUM NEURAL CO ITOH K, 1979, BRAIN RES, V171, P131, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90738-8 JUNCK L, 1988, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V8, P774 KISH SJ, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V24, P200, DOI 10.1002/ana.410240205 KISH SJ, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P272, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220214 KURTHEN M, 1990, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V81, P416 LEINER HC, 1986, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V100, P443, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.100.4.443 LEINER HC, 1989, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V103, P998, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.103.5.998 MARTIN WRW, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P168 METTER EJ, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P1599 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 Nieuwenhuys R., 1988, HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOU PANTANO P, 1986, BRAIN, V109, P677, DOI 10.1093/brain/109.4.677 Petersen S E, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P153, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 PRESS GA, 1989, AM J NEURORADIOL, V10, P667 PRESS GA, 1990, AM J NEURORADIOL, V11, P41 ROSENBERG RN, 1989, MERRITTS TXB NEUROLO SCHMAHMANN JD, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V289, P53, DOI 10.1002/cne.902890105 WALLESCH CW, 1990, BRAIN COGNITION, V14, P19, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(90)90057-U Wechsler D., 1987, WECHSLER MEMORY SCAL Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL ZURIF EB, 1989, BRAIN COGNITION, V10, P237, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90055-9 NR 49 TC 92 Z9 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1016/0028-3932(92)90105-U PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA HU628 UT WOS:A1992HU62800002 PM 1603296 ER PT J AU LEBOVICI, S AF LEBOVICI, S TI CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS - REMAINING A PSYCHOANALYST SO REVUE FRANCAISE DE PSYCHANALYSE LA French DT Article DE INFANTILE NEUROSIS; AUTISM; SUBJECTIVATION; PROCEDURAL MEMORY; INTERSUBJECTIVITY; COMMUTATION ID ATTACHMENT AB The author proposes a new look at the concept of infantile neurosis and the use of both analytic and neuro-psychological studies to combine in a << commutation >> in the theorisation of infantile autism, a new paradigm in the study of development and the subjectivation process. The consequences of analytic and cognitive studies on attachment are examined here. They imply a theory of the genesis of intersubjectivity. The importance of the study of transgenerational destiny is stressed as it features in the life tree, well beyond the functioning of the transmission of the internal model of attachment and the procedures of its mnemic registration. Therapeutic consequences of these new relational approaches are suggested. CR Ainsworth M. S., 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BRETHERTON I, 1990, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V11, P237, DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(199023)11:3<237::AID-IMHJ2280110306>3.0.CO;2-X COHEN DJ, 1988, TOURETTE SYNDROME TI FERRARI P, 1991, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V34, P6 FODOR J, 1987, MODULARITE ESPRIT FRAIBERG S, 1982, PSYCHOANAL QUART, P61 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GALLABURDA AM, 1985, RECHERCHE, V16, P762 GIBEAULT A, 1989, RFP, V52, P1483 GILLBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P25 Hermann Imre, 1972, INSTINCT FILIAL HOBSON P, 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P199 HOBSON RP, 1990, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V60, P324, DOI 10.1037/h0079169 HOCHMANN J, 1991, ESPRIT OU VAS TU Klein M., 1966, DEV PSYCHANALYSE Kohut H, 1974, SOI Lebovici S., 1983, NOURRISSON MERE PSYC LEBOVICI S, 1954, Rev Fr Psychanal, V18, P108 LEBOVICI S, 1990, EVOL PSYCHIAT, V55, P2163 LEBOVICI S, 1987, RFP, V41, P1317 LEBOVICI S, 1954, RFP, V30, P485 LEBOVICI S, 1990, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V33, P335 LEBOVICI S, 1980, RFP, V44, P755 LEGUEN C, 1978, OEDIPE ORIGINAIRE Lundberg I., 1990, SCAND J EDUC RES, V34, P231, DOI 10.1080/0031383900340305 MAHLER M, 1973, PSYCHOSE INFANTILE MAIN M, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P415, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.3.415 MEHLER J, 1991, NAITRE HUAMIN MISES R, 1988, ETATS LIMITE CHEZ EN Pasche F, 1988, SENS PSYCHANALYSE Pinol-Douriez M, 1984, BEBE AGI BEBE ACTIF RUTTER M, 1991, AUTISME SACKS O, 1985, HOMME PENAIT FEMME C SAMEROFF A, 1989, IN PRESS PSYCHOPATHO SCHOPLER E, 1979, INDIVIDUALISED ASSES, V1 Stern D., 1989, MONDE INTERPERSONNEL TUSTIN F, 1990, TROUS NOIRS PSYCHE WALLERSTEIN R., 1975, PSYCHOTHERAPY PSYCHO WIDLOCHER D, 1990, REV INT PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P335 WINNICOTT D, 1991, NATURE HUMAINE WOOD PHN, 1980, CHRONIQUE OMS, P25 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0035-2942 J9 REV FR PSYCHANAL JI Rev. Fr. Psychanal. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 387 EP 411 PG 25 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA JF182 UT WOS:A1992JF18200009 ER PT J AU GORDON, CT RAPOPORT, JL HAMBURGER, SD STATE, RC MANNHEIM, GB AF GORDON, CT RAPOPORT, JL HAMBURGER, SD STATE, RC MANNHEIM, GB TI DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF 7 SUBJECTS WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER TO CLOMIPRAMINE AND DESIPRAMINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CHILDREN AB Objective: Clomipramine, a serotonin reuptake blocker that has unique antiobsessional properties, was hypothesized to have a different effect from that of desipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant with selective adrenergic effects, for the stereotyped, repetitive behaviors in autism. Method: Seven subjects, ages 6-18 years, with autistic disorder completed a 10-week double-blind, crossover trial of clomipramine and desipramine following a 2-week single-blind, placebo phase. Results: Clomipramine was superior to desipramine and placebo, as indicated by standardized ratings of autism and anger as well as ratings of repetitive and compulsive behaviors. Clomipramine and desipramine were equally superior to placebo for ratings of hyperactivity. Parents of all seven subjects elected to have their children continue to take clomipramine after the study. Conclusions: Clomipramine and desipramine are differentially effective in treating the obsessive-compulsive and core symptoms in autistic disorder. Biological links between compulsions and stereotyped, repetitive behaviors in autistic disorder should be explored. RP GORDON, CT (reprint author), NIMH,CHILD PSYCHIAT BRANCH,BLDG 10,RM 6N240,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P549, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00014 ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 Asberg M, 1978, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAN S, V271, P5 BAXTER LR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P211 CAMPBELL M, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P267, DOI 10.1007/BF01557348 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 FISH B, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P753 INSEL TR, 1990, PSYCHIAT ANN, V20, P560 KANNER L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V8, P477 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEONARD HL, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1088 LEONARD HL, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P821 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MEHLINGER R, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P985, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00032 MURPHY D, 1982, BEHAVIOR PSYCHIATRIC ORNITZ EM, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P883 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P708, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198809)44:5<708::AID-JCLP2270440507>3.0.CO;2-T Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21, P839 SWEDO SE, 1989, NEW ENGL J MED, V321, P497, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198908243210803 NR 20 TC 73 Z9 73 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 149 IS 3 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HG195 UT WOS:A1992HG19500010 PM 1536276 ER PT J AU BLACK, MM SONKSEN, PM AF BLACK, MM SONKSEN, PM TI CONGENITAL RETINAL DYSTROPHIES - A STUDY OF EARLY COGNITIVE AND VISUAL DEVELOPMENT SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID AMAUROSIS; AUTISM; LEBER AB The reported incidence of mental retardation in Leber's congenital amaurosis has varied from 10% to 87%. There has been no review of the estimate since it became possible to delineate an increasing number of diagnostic subcategories. In this study, the visual and cognitive development of 38 children with congenital retinal dystrophies has been followed up prospectively. Children with associated disorders in other systems and those with central nervous system malformations or degenerations were significantly more likely to have learning disability than those without additional medical problems. Most subgroups made little or no visual progress with the exception of the group with associated hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. The study highlights the importance of using the specialised techniques now available to delineate fully the visual diagnosis and paediatric perspective because of their relevance to congitive and visual prognosis. C1 POOLE GEN HOSP,POOLE BH15 2JB,DORSET,ENGLAND. RP BLACK, MM (reprint author), INST CHILD HLTH,WOLFSON CTR,DEPT NEUROL & DEV PAEDIAT,LONDON WC1N 1EH,ENGLAND. CR BURD L, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00700.x CANTANI A, 1990, ANN GENET-PARIS, V33, P96 DEKABAN AS, 1972, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V14, P436 FIELDER AR, 1991, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V98, P1306 GARNER A, 1982, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V66, P422, DOI 10.1136/bjo.66.7.422 GOODYEAR HM, 1989, ARCH DIS CHILD, V64, P1587 KING MD, 1984, ARCH DIS CHILD, V59, P709 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LAMBERT SR, 1989, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V107, P624 LEBER T, 1989, GRAEFES ARCH CLIN EX, V15, P1 LIN AE, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V37, P304, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320370303 NICKEL B, 1982, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V100, P1089 REYNELL J, 1979, MANUAL REYNELLZINKIN ROBERTSHARRY J, 1990, ARCH DIS CHILD, V65, P103 ROGERS SJ, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P598 RUSSELLEGGITT IM, 1989, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V73, P250, DOI 10.1136/bjo.73.4.250 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SCHROEDER R, 1987, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V105, P356 SENIOR B, 1961, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V52, P625 SONKSEN PM, 1991, SHOW ME WHAT MY FRIE SONKSEN PM, 1984, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V10, P274 SONKSEN PM, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P320 SONKSEN PM, 1989, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V15, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1989.tb00597.x VAIZEY MJ, 1977, ARCH DIS CHILD, V52, P399 WELEBER RG, 1987, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V102, P1317 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 67 IS 3 BP 262 EP 265 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HH738 UT WOS:A1992HH73800003 PM 1374226 ER PT J AU EINFELD, SL AF EINFELD, SL TI CLINICAL-ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC-SYMPTOMS IN MENTALLY-RETARDED INDIVIDUALS SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; AUTISM; DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR AB Mentally retarded Australians with emotional and behavioural disorders are seriously under-served by psychiatrists, despite such individuals being as prevalent as those with schizophrenia. These disorders have serious consequences for the individual, family and carers, and the community as a whole. In the psychiatric assessment of mentally retarded persons, a key principle is that while intellectual handicap increases vulnerability to psychiatric illness, it does not of itself cause psychopathology. A biopsychosocial framework provides a model whereby those factors which are contributing to psychopathology can be systematically elucidated. Biological factors include brain pathology associated with particular mental retardation syndromes, drug side-effects and epilepsy. Psychological factors include temperament, a history of abuse, and current life stresses. Social factors include distortions in family roles and hostel or workshop conflicts. Although clinical assessment can be challenging, and confident syndrome diagnosis is not always possible, a systematic approach to the analysis of symptoms will provide a guide to useful interventions. RP EINFELD, SL (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMPERDOWN,NSW,AUSTRALIA. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1983, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO Aman M. G., 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY D Aman M. G., 1991, ASSESSING PSYCHOPATH AMAN MG, 1985, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISAB, V10, P215 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 BALLINGER BR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P108, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.108 BENNETT FC, 1978, PEDIATRICS, V61, P303 BUSS AH, 1984, TEMPERAMENT EARLY DE BYRNE EA, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P847, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00602.x CLAYTONSMITH J, 1990, BPSG C LONDON CORBETT JA, 1979, PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS CROME L, 1972, PATHOLOGY MENTAL RET EATON LF, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1297 EINFELD S, 1990, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISAB, P16 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 EINFELD SL, 1984, J MENT DEFIC RES, V28, P129 GARBARINO J, 1987, SPECIAL CHILDREN SPE, P8 GREENSWAG LR, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P145 GUNN P, 1981, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V22, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00542.x HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAYES S, 1990, P AUSTR I CRIMINOLOG JACOBSON J W, 1989, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V15, P301 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LOTT IT, 1982, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V396, P15, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb26840.x MENOLASCINO FJ, 1971, SPECIAL CHILD PUBLIC, P161 PARMENTER TR, 1988, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISOR, V14, P19 QUINE L, 1986, PSYCHOL MED, V16, P895 REID AH, 1978, PSYCHOL MED, V8, P399 REISS S, 1982, AM PSYCHOL, V37, P361, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.37.4.361 REISS S, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P396 Richardson S A, 1980, Appl Res Ment Retard, V1, P123, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(80)90021-1 RICHARDSON SA, 1979, J MENTAL DEFICIENCY, V25, P253 ROACH ES, 1988, SEMIN NEUROL, V8, P83, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1041360 ROJAN J, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RUTTER M, 1970, ED HLTH BEHAVIOR SIGELMAN CK, 1979, ISSUES INTERVIEWING SIGELMAN CK, 1981, MENT RETARD, V19, P53 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 PU AUSTRALIAN NZ J PSYCHIATRY PI KARRINYUP PA P O BOX 126, KARRINYUP 6018, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-8674 J9 AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT JI Aust. N. Z. J. Psych. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 48 EP 63 DI 10.3109/00048679209068309 PG 16 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HL883 UT WOS:A1992HL88300005 PM 1580886 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C RASTAM, M AF GILLBERG, C RASTAM, M TI DO SOME CASES OF ANOREXIA-NERVOSA REFLECT UNDERLYING AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS SO BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; CHILDREN; DISORDER AB In a sample of 51 teenagers with anorexia nervosa (AN)-which included 24 cases constituting the total population of AN cases born in 1970-several had shown social, communicative and behaviour patterns suggestive of autistic-like conditions as children, long before the onset of AN. One of the three boys in the AN group had Asperger syndrome. Three of the 48 girls had histories suggesting high functioning autism and continued to show many features typical of autism. Two further girls had Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive traits in combination with social interaction problems. Eighteen other girls met criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and most of these also had had moderate-severe childhood social interaction problems. In a sex- and age-matched comparison group from the same schools, two girls had OCPD, but none had autistic-like conditions or Tourette syndrome. The results are discussed in the context of a recently suggested link between Asperger syndrome, Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive problems, and it is suggested that AN in a subgroup of cases might represent a disorder belonging in the same class as autism and autistic-like conditions. C1 ANNEDALS CLIN,CTR CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V28, P193 BIRLESON P, 1981, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V22, P73, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00533.x Comings DE, 1990, TOURETTE SYNDROME HU COMINGS DE, 1992, IN PRESS AM J MED GE COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 Dally P., 1969, ANOREXIA NERVOSA Eysenck HJ, 1964, MANUAL EYSENCK PERSO Firth U, 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GARFINKEL PE, 1979, PSYCHOL MED, V9, P273 Gillberg C, 1985, NORDISK PSYKIATRISK, V39, P307, DOI 10.3109/08039488509101911 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GILLBERG IC, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P3 LITTLEJOHNS CS, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P430, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.3.430 OLSON DH, 1979, FAM PROCESS, V18, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1979.00003.x RASTAM M, 1992, IN PRESS J AM ACADEM RASTAM M, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00018 RASTAM M, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P642 RISP A, 1980, LET ME BE RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 Rutter M., 1985, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 STIVER RL, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF02408434 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0953-4180 J9 BEHAV NEUROL JI Behav. Neurol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JV198 UT WOS:A1992JV19800005 PM 24487658 ER PT J AU PIVEN, J NEHME, E SIMON, J BARTA, P PEARLSON, G FOLSTEIN, SE AF PIVEN, J NEHME, E SIMON, J BARTA, P PEARLSON, G FOLSTEIN, SE TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING IN AUTISM - MEASUREMENT OF THE CEREBELLUM, PONS, AND 4TH VENTRICLE SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN; SIZE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ASYMMETRIES AB Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research has suggested that autistic individuals have hypoplasia of cerebellar lobules VI and VII, the pons, and enlargement of the fourth ventricle. Using MRI we measured the mid-sagittal area of these structures in 15 high-functioning autistic males; 15 age- and IQ-comparable male volunteers (control group I); and 15 male volunteers comparable to cases on age and parental socioeconomic status (SES) (control group II). Using ratio measures, cerebellar lobules VI-VII were found to be smaller in autistic subjects than controls in group II but not those in group I. No differences were found after multivariate analysis adjusting for mid-sagittal brain area (MSBA), age, and IQ. The size of the pons and fourth ventricle did not differ between cases and controls, although autistic subjects were noted to have a significantly larger MSBA than subjects in either control group. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BEHAV SCI & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CR ANDREASEN NC, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P35 ARNDT S, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V40, P79 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 GILLBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P257, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00714.x GOMORI JM, 1984, NEURORADIOLOGY, V26, P21 Hollingshead A.B., 1957, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA IACONO WG, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P820 KEMPER TL, 1988, DISORDERS DEV NERVOU LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 PEARLSON GD, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P180 PEARLSON GD, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P690 PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P825, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80023-1 Raven J.C., 1960, GUIDE STANDARD PROGR REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 REISS AL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P279 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF02211823 Rutter M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P15 SMITH GN, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P667, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.5.667 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 YEO RA, 1987, BRAIN COGNITION, V6, P15, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(87)90043-1 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 32 TC 176 Z9 177 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD MAR 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 5 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA HP164 UT WOS:A1992HP16400005 PM 1581425 ER PT J AU HASHIMOTO, T TAYAMA, M MIYAZAKI, M SAKURAMA, N YOSHIMOTO, T MURAKAWA, K KURODA, Y AF HASHIMOTO, T TAYAMA, M MIYAZAKI, M SAKURAMA, N YOSHIMOTO, T MURAKAWA, K KURODA, Y TI REDUCED BRAIN-STEM SIZE IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; BRAIN-STEM; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; SCAN FINDINGS; CEREBELLAR; HYPOPLASIA; BEHAVIOR AB Recently, strucutural brain abnormalities as well as functional abnormalities of the brainstem have been reported in autistic children. The authors undertook an analytic study of the brainstem in autistic children by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI scans of 29 autistic children were compared with 15 control MRI scans. The autistic children were divided into two groups according to DQ (IQ) level: the DQ (IQ) greater-than-or-equal-to 80 group and the DQ (IQ) < 80 group. The midbrain and pons were measured, and the ratio of the midbrain and pons sizes versus the cranium size were calculated. The brainstem size was found to be significantly smaller in the autistic group. In particular, the reduction in brainstem size tended to be greater in the low DQ (IQ) group when compared with the high DQ (IQ) one, though there was no significant difference (p < 0.1). This suggests that the brainstem is anatomically altered in autistic children. RP HASHIMOTO, T (reprint author), UNIV TOKUSHIMA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,KURAMOTO CHO 3-18-15,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DIETRICHS E, 1984, SCIENCE, V223, P591, DOI 10.1126/science.6198719 FILIPEK PA, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P61, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250110 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 Ghez C., 1985, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P502 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 HASHIMOTO T, 1986, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V8, P428 HASHIMOTO T, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P142, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071280 HEATH RG, 1974, EXP NEUROL, V45, P268, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(74)90118-6 IESHIMA A, 1984, NEURORADIOLOGY, V26, P493 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P148 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 SUPPLE WF, 1987, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V39, P579, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(87)90156-9 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0387-7604 J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN JI Brain Dev. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HV548 UT WOS:A1992HV54800005 PM 1621932 ER PT J AU HOON, AH REISS, AL AF HOON, AH REISS, AL TI THE MESIAL-TEMPORAL LOBE AND AUTISM - CASE-REPORT AND REVIEW SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TUMORS; BRAIN AB Human and non-human primate research has shown that pathological processes affecting the temporal lobe, particularly the amygdala and hippocampus, are related to the development of the autistic syndrome. This case report describes a young male child with left temporal oligodendroglioma, who demonstrated a constellation of autistic behaviors meeting DSM-III-R criteria for pervasive developmental disorder. Abnormalities in social interaction, affective expression and communication were particularly evident. Some of the symptoms improved after tumor resection, while other signs of qualitative abnormalities in development emerged or persisted. This case adds evidence to the hypothesis that damage to mesial-temporal structures at an early developmental period may lead to the autistic syndrome. C1 KENNEDY INST,CTR NEUROIMAGING,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP HOON, AH (reprint author), KENNEDY INST,DEPT DEV PEDIAT,707 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1986, ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CH BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN M L, 1987, Neurology, V37, P147 Brodal A, 1981, NEUROLOGICAL ANATOMY, V3rd CAVAZZUTI V, 1980, J NEUROSURG, V53, P618, DOI 10.3171/jns.1980.53.5.0618 CHESS S, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01537741 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 ENGLE E C, 1989, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V15, P1334 FREUND LS, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P435, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90037-S GILLBERG C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF01531665 GREER MK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF02211849 MERJANIAN P M, 1989, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V15, P302 MERJANIAN P M, 1986, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V12, P23 MERJANIAN P M, 1988, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V14, P2 MESULAM MM, 1985, PRINCIPLES BEHAVIORA MORK SJ, 1985, J NEUROSURG, V63, P881, DOI 10.3171/jns.1985.63.6.0881 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 TOMITA T, 1985, NEUROSURGERY, V17, P913 1966, HISKEY NEBRASKA TEST 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 34 IS 3 BP 252 EP 259 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA HE196 UT WOS:A1992HE19600009 PM 1559605 ER PT J AU BUCHWALD, JS ERWIN, R VANLANCKER, D GUTHRIE, D SCHWAFEL, J TANGUAY, P AF BUCHWALD, JS ERWIN, R VANLANCKER, D GUTHRIE, D SCHWAFEL, J TANGUAY, P TI MIDLATENCY AUDITORY EVOKED-RESPONSES - P1 ABNORMALITIES IN ADULT AUTISTIC SUBJECTS SO ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MIDLATENCY RESPONSES (MLRS); AUTISM; RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM; BRAIN-STEM CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; CAT EVOKED POTENTIAL MODEL ID MIDDLE-LATENCY RESPONSES; BRAIN-STEM; FELINE PONTOMESENCEPHALON; CHOLINERGIC NEURONS; CORTICAL DEAFNESS; CHILDREN; POTENTIALS; LESIONS; PATIENT; AGNOSIA AB MLR recordings from a group of 11 high-functioning adult autistic subjects were compared with those from a control group of 11 normal subjects. Components selected for analysis were "Pa," the maximum positivity in the 25-40 msec latency range following stimulus onset, "P1," the maximum positivity within the 50-65 msec latency range, and "Nb," the maximum negative deflection in the 40-50 msec latency range. Statistical analyses of amplitude and latency data were conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and t test group comparisons. The Pa component showed no significant difference between autistic and control groups. However, 2 types of abnormality were noted in the P1 component: (1) the P1 component was significantly smaller in the autistic subjects at slow rates of stimulation, and (2) the autistic P1 did not change as rates of click stimulation increased from 0.5 to 10/sec, in contrast to the normally produced P1 decrement. Data from the P1 model in the cat, and complementary data from the human, closely link the generator substrate of the P1 potential to cholinergic components of the ascending reticular activating system (RAS) and their thalamic target cells. This is the first report of abnormal P1 responses in autism and strongly suggests that the RAS and/or its post-synaptic thalamic targets may be dysfunctional in this syndrome. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,MENTAL RETARDAT RES CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP BUCHWALD, JS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,BRAIN RES INST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN M L, 1985, Neurology, V35, P247 Buchwald J. S., 1990, EVENT RELATED POTENT, P57 BUCHWALD JS, 1991, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V80, P303, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90114-D CELESIA GG, 1971, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V31, P603, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(71)90076-9 CELESIA GG, 1976, BRAIN, V99, P403, DOI 10.1093/brain/99.3.403 CIESIELSKI KT, 1990, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V75, P207, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90174-I COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 DICKERSON LW, 1991, EXP NEUROL, V112, P229, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(91)90074-M ERWIN R, 1986, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V65, P383, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(86)90017-1 ERWIN R, 1991, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V80, P561, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90139-O ERWIN R, 1991, IN PRESS BIOL PSYCHI Erwin R J, 1987, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl, V40, P461 ERWIN RJ, 1986, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V64, P417, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(86)90075-1 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01487072 GRAHAM J, 1980, J NEUROL SCI, V48, P35, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(80)90148-3 HARRISON J, 1988, NEUR ABSTR, V14, P771 HARRISON JB, 1990, BRAIN RES, V520, P43, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91690-I JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 KRAUS N, 1982, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V54, P275, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(82)90177-8 LEE YS, 1984, BRAIN, V107, P115, DOI 10.1093/brain/107.1.115 NIWA S, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01531357 NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 Ornitz E. M., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P174 ORNITZ EM, 1969, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V26, P167, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(69)90207-7 ORNITZ EM, 1980, AUDIOLOGY, V19, P245 OZDAMAR O, 1983, AUDIOLOGY, V22, P34 OZDAMAR O, 1982, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V53, P224, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(82)90027-X PARVING A, 1980, SCAND AUDIOL, V9, P161, DOI 10.3109/01050398009076350 PRITCHARD WS, 1987, INT J NEUROSCI, V35, P105 PULETTI F, 1970, J NEUROSURG, V32, P244, DOI 10.3171/jns.1970.32.2.0244 Rimland B., 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 ROSATI G, 1982, J NEUROL, V227, P21, DOI 10.1007/BF00313543 ROSENBLUM SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P215, DOI 10.1007/BF02408472 RUSSELL AT, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P399, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00017 SKOFF BF, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V2, P157, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90072-4 STERIADE M, 1980, RETICULAR FORMATION, P125 STUDENT M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P13, DOI 10.1007/BF01550274 TANGUAY PE, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P174 TANGUAY PE, 1976, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS CUR, P75 WALTREGNY A, 1977, ACTA NEUROCHIR S, V24, P163 WOODS DL, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V57, P208, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(84)90122-6 WOOLF NJ, 1990, BRAIN RES, V520, P55, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91691-9 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 48 TC 56 Z9 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0013-4694 J9 ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO JI Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90021-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Clinical Neurology SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA HL143 UT WOS:A1992HL14300008 PM 1372231 ER PT J AU YAZAKI, N AF YAZAKI, N TI REGRESSION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ITS THERAPEUTIC VALUE SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCHIZOPHRENIA; REGRESSION; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALE AB Using the regression evaluation scale, 25 schizophrenic patients were classified into three groups of Dissolution/autism (DAUG), Dissolution --> attachment (DATG) and Non-regression (NRG). The regression of DAUG was of the type in which autism occurred when destructiveness emerged, while the regression of DATG was of the type in which attachment occurred when destructiveness emerged. This suggests that the regressive phenomena are an actualized form of the approach complex. In order to determine the factors distinguishing these two groups, I investigated psychiatric symptoms, mother-child relationships, premorbid personalities and therapeutic interventions. I believe that these factors form a continuity in which they interrelatedly determine the regressive state. Foremost among them, I stressed the importance of the mother-child relationship. RP YAZAKI, N (reprint author), FUKUOKA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,7-45-1 NANAKUMA,JONANKU,FUKUOKA 81401,JAPAN. CR Arieti S, 1955, INTERPRETATION SCHIZ AZIMA, 1961, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V2, P281 AZIMA, 1957, PSYCHOANAL QUART, V26, P190 AZIMA H, 1956, PSYCHIATR, V19, P121 BALINT M, 1978, KONGO SHUPPAN BELLAK K, 1969, J NERV MENT DIS, V148, P569 BENEDETTI G, 1987, AUSGEWAHLTE AUFSATZE BLATT S, 1975, DISTURBANCES OBJECT, P235 Blatt S. 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P., 1970, EGO ITS DEFENSES MATSUGUCHI Y, 1966, KYUSHU NEUROPSYCHIAT, V12, P53 MIURA T, 1965, LECTURE ABNORMAL PSY, V10, P295 NAGATA T, 1976, CLIN PSYCHIATR, V18, P951 NISHIZONO M, 1969, PHARM PSYCHOTHERAPIE, V4, P289 NISHIZONO M, 1967, PHARMACOPSYCHOTHERAP NISHIZONO M, 1976, ANN REPORT PHARMACOP, V8, P278 NISHIZONO M, 1975, PSYCHIATRY, V17, P1132 NISHIZONO M, 1973, ANN REPORT PHARMACOP, V5, P163 NISHIZONO M, 1990, EXPERIENCE PERSONALI NISHIZONO M, 1988, ADV PSYCHOANALYTIC T OKONOGI K, 1972, THEORY PSYCHODYNAMIC OVERALL JE, 1967, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V16, P146 Pao PN, 1979, SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORD PAO PN, 1979, SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORD, P20 SEARLES HF, 1959, J NERV MENT DIS, V129, P542, DOI 10.1097/00005053-195912000-00003 SEARLES HF, 1961, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V34, P169 SEARLES HF, 1959, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V32, P261 Sigmund FREUD, 1910, STANDARD EDITION SUZUKI T, 1971, JAPANESE J PSYCHOANA, V16, P1 Szalita-Pemow A, 1951, PSYCHIATR, V14, P295 USHIJIMA S, 1970, KYUSHU NEUROPSYCHIAT, V16, P37 YAZAKI N, 1990, MED B FUKUOKA U, V17, P149 1990, PSYCHOANALYTIC RES, V34, P271 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FOLIA PUBL SOC PI TOKYO PA ACADEMIC SOCIETIES BLDG 2-4-16 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0912-2036 J9 JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 71 EP 98 PG 28 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA HU987 UT WOS:A1992HU98700008 PM 1353128 ER PT J AU MCGEE, GG ALMEIDA, MC SULZERAZAROFF, B FELDMAN, RS AF MCGEE, GG ALMEIDA, MC SULZERAZAROFF, B FELDMAN, RS TI PROMOTING RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS VIA PEER INCIDENTAL TEACHING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE PEER INTERACTIONS; INCIDENTAL TEACHING; AUTISM; PRESCHOOL INTERVENTION; SOCIAL SKILLS ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; INITIATIONS; YOUTH AB This study evaluated peer incidental teaching as a strategy for increasing reciprocal peer interactions by children with autism. Three typical preschoolers were trained as peer tutors for 3 young children with autism. During a classroom free-play session, peer tutors used incidental teaching to obtain verbal labels of preferred toys by children with autism. A multiple baseline across the 3 target children showed replicated positive effects of the intervention. Adult supervision and assistance were then faded systematically, with resulting maintenance of increased reciprocal interactions. Multiple measures of the extent and limits of generalization suggested that 1 child increased interactions in free-play periods throughout the day, but none of the children showed increases at lunch. Teacher and peer ratings supported the social validity of positive findings. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. CR ASHER SR, 1979, DEV PSYCHOL, V15, P443, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.15.4.443 Brady M. P., 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P278 BRADY MP, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF01487067 COLE DA, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P160 DEVINSHEEHAN L, 1976, REV EDUC RES, V46, P355, DOI 10.3102/00346543046003355 GAYLORDROSS RJ, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P229, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-229 GUNTER P, 1988, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V13, P116 GURALNICK MJ, 1976, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V42, P236 HART BM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P109, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-109 HART B, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411 Harter S., 1980, PICTORIAL SCALE PERC HARTER S, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1969, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb03895.x HODGENS JB, 1990, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V12, P25, DOI 10.1300/J019v12n02_03 MCEVOY MA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-193 MCGEE GG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-329 MCGEE GG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P17, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-17 MCGEE GG, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-147 MEYER LH, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01487063 ODOM SL, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-3 ODOM SL, 1984, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V54, P544 RAGLAND EU, 1978, BEHAV MODIF, V2, P565, DOI 10.1177/014544557824008 SHAFER MS, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-461 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 STRAIN PS, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90024-1 STRAIN PS, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF01531291 STRAIN P S, 1981, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, V6, P417, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/6.4.417 STRAIN PS, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-289 STRAIN PS, 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P291 NR 28 TC 88 Z9 86 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-117 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA HK450 UT WOS:A1992HK45000019 PM 1582961 ER PT J AU SAINATO, DM GOLDSTEIN, H STRAIN, PS AF SAINATO, DM GOLDSTEIN, H STRAIN, PS TI EFFECTS OF SELF-EVALUATION ON PRESCHOOL CHILDRENS USE OF SOCIAL-INTERACTION STRATEGIES WITH THEIR CLASSMATES WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE SELF-EVALUATION; SOCIAL SKILLS; PRESCHOOL CHILDREN; AUTISM ID ON-TASK BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION; TECHNOLOGY; SKILLS AB This study investigated effects of a self-evaluation procedure on preschool children's use of social interaction strategies among their classmates with autism. Three triads of children (comprised of 1 trained normally developing peer, 1 untrained peer, and 1 child with autism) participated. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used to demonstrate that peers who were taught facilitative strategies increased their use of strategies only after the self-evaluation intervention was introduced. Improvements in social behavior of children with autism was associated with peers' increased strategy use. Untrained peers demonstrated little change in their social behavior. Treatment effects were replicated when trained peers were asked to use self-evaluation with other children with autism during other play times. Self-evaluation procedures enhanced the use of social interaction strategies on the part of normally developing peers during social skills interventions. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. RP SAINATO, DM (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT EDUC SERV & RES,356 C ARPS HALL,1945 N HIGH ST,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. CR BAER RA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P345, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-345 BOLSTAD OD, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P443, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-443 DEACON JR, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-391 DRABMAN RS, 1973, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V82, P10, DOI 10.1037/h0034981 GLYNN EL, 1974, J APPLIED BEH ANAL, V7, P229 GOLDSTEIN H, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P200 GOLDSTEIN H, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P209, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-209 Hedrick D. L., 1975, SEQUENCED INVENTORY HOLMAN J, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01531449 JAMES SD, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P173, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-173 KOHLER FW, 1986, BEHAV ANALYST, V9, P19 MATTHEWS BA, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P69, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-69 McCarthy D, 1972, MANUAL MCCARTHY SCAL Odom S. L., 1986, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V10, P53, DOI 10.1177/105381518601000106 ODOM SL, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-3 ODOM SL, 1984, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V54, P544 OLEARY SG, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-449 RHODE G, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-171 ROBERTSON SJ, 1979, CHILD BEHAV THERAPY, V1, P347 SAINATO DM, 1990, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V56, P540 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SHAFER MS, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-461 Shapiro E S, 1980, Appl Res Ment Retard, V1, P227, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(80)90006-5 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 Strain P. S., 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH STRAIN PS, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P189 THOMAS JD, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P209, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-209 NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-127 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA HK450 UT WOS:A1992HK45000020 PM 1582962 ER PT J AU BARTHELEMY, C ADRIEN, JL ROUX, S GARREAU, B PERROT, A LELORD, G AF BARTHELEMY, C ADRIEN, JL ROUX, S GARREAU, B PERROT, A LELORD, G TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION (BSE) FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AUTISTIC BEHAVIORS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; SCALE AB The Behavior Summarized Evaluation (BSE), developed for the assessment of autistic behavior, was specifically designed to evaluate the severity of behavioral problems in autistic children involved in bioclinical and therapeutic studies. The reliability studies and the factorial analysis of this scale have been previously published. The present paper examines the effectiveness of the BSE to discriminate 58 autistic from 58 nonautistic mentally retarded children. The BSE clearly separated the two samples of children. A most efficient combination of 8 items emerged from the stepwise item selection procedure. The between-group differences were highest on 4 items, indicating that the most particular pattern in autistic compared to nonautistic children could be the association of autistic withdrawal and stereotypic behaviors. Our findings suggest that the BSE could help in the detection and evaluation of autistic developmental deviance. Implications for further research are discussed. RP BARTHELEMY, C (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,INSERM,U316,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01487069 ADRIEN JL, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V22, P117, DOI 10.1159/000118604 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BARTHELEMY C, 1989, AUTISM STATE ART, P263 BARTHELEMY C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211844 Bruneau N, 1987, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl, V40, P584 BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL PREMIERE DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P778 FOMBONNE E, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P677, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00343.x FREEMAN BJ, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P576, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61012-8 GARREAU B, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02408559 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS HANLEY JA, 1982, RADIOLOGY, V143, P29 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEDDET I, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P215, DOI 10.1007/BF01531731 LELORD G, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01531686 Lelord G, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P43 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MARTINEAU J, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P583 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 RIMLAND B, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P161, DOI 10.1007/BF01537955 ROGE B, 1985, METHODES ECHELLES EV RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 Sauvage D, 1988, AUTISME NOURRISSON J SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1007/BF01046400 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200002 PM 1592764 ER PT J AU YUWILER, A SHIH, JC CHEN, CH RITVO, ER HANNA, G ELLISON, GW KING, BH AF YUWILER, A SHIH, JC CHEN, CH RITVO, ER HANNA, G ELLISON, GW KING, BH TI HYPERSEROTONINEMIA AND ANTISEROTONIN ANTIBODIES IN AUTISM AND OTHER DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN BINDING-SITES; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; CHOREA; BLOOD; BRAIN AB This study examined the linkage between elevated blood serotonin in autism and the presence of circulating autoantibodies against the serotonin 5HT1A receptor. Information was also obtained on the diagnostic and receptor specificity of these autoantibodies. Blood serotonin was measured as was inhibition of serotonin binding to human cortical membranes by antibody-rich fractions of blood from controls and from patients with childhood autism, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's, and multiple sclerosis. The results showed elevated blood serotonin was not closely related to inhibition of serotonin binding by antibody-rich blood fractions. Inhibition of binding was highest for patients with multiple sclerosis and was not specific to the 5HT1A receptor as currently defined. Although inhibition was not specific to autism, the data were insufficient to establish if people with autism differed from normal controls on this measure. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH PHARM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. ANHUI MED UNIV,HEFEI,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP YUWILER, A (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,NEUROBIOCHEM LAB T85,BRENTWOOD DIV,WILSHIRE & SAWTELLE BLVD,LOS ANGELES,CA 90073, USA. CR CHANDLER CE, 1982, PURIFICATION MONOCLO CHAPMAN AH, 1958, PEDIATRICS, V21, P582 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 COOK EH, 1989, 36TH SCI P ANN M AM, P67 FIELD EJ, 1971, NATURE, V233, P284, DOI 10.1038/233284a0 HAMILTON M, 1960, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V23, P56, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 HANNA GL, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P738, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90193-P HUSBY G, 1976, J EXP MED, V144, P1094, DOI 10.1084/jem.144.4.1094 JORGENSEN OS, 1982, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V66, P42, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00913.x LINK H, 1990, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V28, P237, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90017-H LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MURPHY DL, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P15 PARTINGT.MW, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P616 PERNOW B, 1954, LANCET, V2, P951 PIMPARKAR B, 1961, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V40, P504 POSER CM, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V13, P227, DOI 10.1002/ana.410130302 RANSOM RW, 1985, J NEUROCHEM, V44, P875, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb12897.x Ritvo E. R., 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P146, DOI [10.1093/jpepsy/2.4.146, DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.146] ROOTBERNSTEIN RS, 1983, J THEOR BIOL, V100, P373, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(83)90435-6 ROOTBERNSTEIN RS, 1984, BRAIN RES BULL, V12, P425, DOI 10.1016/0361-9230(84)90115-1 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 STUBBS EG, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P182, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60445-3 STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 STUBBS EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01550276 SWEDO SE, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P246 TODD RD, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.2.612 TODD RD, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V23, P644, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90012-1 WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 YUWILER A, 1970, BIOCHEM MED METAB B, V3, P426, DOI 10.1016/0006-2944(70)90010-4 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1007/BF01046401 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200003 PM 1375597 ER PT J AU DOLLFUS, S PETIT, M MENARD, JF LESIEUR, P AF DOLLFUS, S PETIT, M MENARD, JF LESIEUR, P TI AMISULPRIDE VERSUS BROMOCRIPTINE IN INFANTILE-AUTISM - A CONTROLLED CROSSOVER COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF 2 DRUGS WITH OPPOSITE EFFECTS ON DOPAMINERGIC FUNCTION SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DISTURBED-CHILDREN; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; HALOPERIDOL; STIMULATION; METABOLISM; BEHAVIORS; PSYCHOSIS; SCALE AB An alteration of dopaminergic (DA) function much more complex than simple hyperactivity has been evoked in infantile autism. We therefore compared the clinical efficacy of a DA antagonist (amisulpride) and a DA agonist (bromocriptine) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial in 9 children with autism, likely severely mentally retarded. Amisulpride acts preferentially on specific autistic symptoms whereas bromocriptine acts more on motor hyperactivity and attention symptoms. These findings raise the specificity of these two drugs which appear to act preferentially on some target symptoms and are consistent with some clinical and pharmacological observations showing a sedative effect with low doses of DA agonists and a stimulant effect with low doses of DA antagonists such as the benzamides. C1 UNIV ROUEN HAUTE NORMANDIE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ROUEN,FRANCE. UNIV ROUEN HAUTE NORMANDIE,DEPT BIOPHYS,ROUEN,FRANCE. HOSP SOTTEVILLE LES ROUEN,DEPT RES,SOTTEVILLE ROUEN,FRANCE. RI Dollfus, Sonia/B-8186-2008 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P640, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61017-7 ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 BARKLEY RA, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00425.x BARTHELEMY C, 1986, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P1 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BURKI HR, 1978, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V57, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF00426743 CAMPBELL M, 1982, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, V18, P110 CAMPBELL M, 1976, CURR THER RES CLIN E, V19, P70 CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P371, DOI 10.1007/BF01538042 CAMPBELL M, 1972, CURR THER RES CLIN E, V14, P759 CLERC G, 1989, SEM HOP PARIS, V65, P1079 COHEN DJ, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P545 COHEN IL, 1980, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V19, P665, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60969-9 COLONNA L, 1979, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V1, P173, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(79)90002-8 Conners C.K., 1973, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, P24 COSTENTIN J, 1987, NEUROLEPTIQUES COSTETIN J, 1973, CNS RECEPTORS MOL PH, P289 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DICHIARA G, 1977, N-S ARCH PHARMACOL, V300, P239 DOLLFUS S, 1988, EFFICACITE TOLERANCE FARETRA G, 1970, AM J PSYCHIAT, V126, P1670 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01531587 JACKSON DM, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V95, P433 JOSSERAND F, 1988, ANN PSYCHIATR, V3, P306 JUSTINBESANCON L, 1978, CR ACAD SCI D NAT, V286, P1169 KAVALE K, 1982, J LEARN DISABIL, V15, P280 LECRUBIER Y, 1983, SPECIAL ASPECTS PSYC, P375 Lecrubier Y, 1988, ANN PSYCHIATR, V3, P321 LELORD G, 1978, REV NEUROL, V134, P797 LUDIN HP, 1978, LANCET, V2, P578 MELTZER HY, 1983, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V81, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF00439271 MIKKELSEN EJ, 1982, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V8, P320 MINDERAA RB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P190, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00007 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1063 PETIT M, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P270 Petit M, 1984, Encephale, V10, P25 PICHOT P, 1988, ANN PSYCHIATR, V3, P326 Pichot P, 1988, ANN PSYCHIAT, V3, P312 POST RM, 1976, LANCET, V1, P203 RITVO ER, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P190, DOI 10.1007/BF01537957 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SCHWARTZ JC, 1984, NEUROLOGY NEUROBIO B, V8, P59 SOKOLOFF P, 1990, NATURE, V347, P146, DOI 10.1038/347146a0 SOKOLOFF P, 1983, SPECIAL ASPECTS PSYC, P131 SOKOLOFF P, 1987, Psychiatrie and Psychobiologie, V2, P253 SORET CS, 1987, PRESSE MED, V16, P1286 Trabucchi M, 1977, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol, V16, P661 VANKAMMEN DP, 1987, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V18, P113, DOI 10.1159/000118403 VASSE M, 1985, N-S ARCH PHARMACOL, V329, P108, DOI 10.1007/BF00501198 WINSBERG BG, 1980, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V11, P250, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071393 NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1007/BF01046402 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200004 PM 1350581 ER PT J AU BROOK, SL BOWLER, DM AF BROOK, SL BOWLER, DM TI AUTISM BY ANOTHER NAME - SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC IMPAIRMENTS IN CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; SYMBOLIC PLAY; CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; LANGUAGE; CHILDHOOD; COMMUNICATION AB The literature on children with language disorders that are characterized by semantic and pragmatic impairments is reviewed and the conclusion is drawn that some of these conditions may stem from the same fundamental cognitive and interpersonal difficulties that are found in early childhood autism. A summary is presented of recent relevant research and theory in the field of autism and suggestions are offered on how these ideas might be applied to children showing semantic and pragmatic difficulties. C1 CITY UNIV LONDON,LONDON EC1V 0HB,ENGLAND. MRC,SOCIAL PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON WC1E 6AS,ENGLAND. RP BROOK, SL (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 81 DI 10.1007/BF01046403 PG 21 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200005 PM 1592765 ER PT J AU PFEIFFER, SI NELSON, DD AF PFEIFFER, SI NELSON, DD TI THE CUTTING EDGE IN SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB The current study assesses the opinions of a select group of professionals in the field of autism. The professionals indicated past progress, described the current status, and identified and clarified the fundamental concerns and issues for the future. This information was obtained to further develop and expand existing intervention programs for individuals with autism, and will be of use in charting the most promising directions for the future. RP PFEIFFER, SI (reprint author), DEVEREUX FDN,INST CLIN TRAINING & RES,19 S WATERLOO RD,BOX 400,DEVON,PA 19333, USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1007/BF01046405 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200007 PM 1592767 ER PT J AU GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, LY EILERS, L GHAZIUDDIN, N AF GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, LY EILERS, L GHAZIUDDIN, N TI AUTISM AND HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID TEMPORAL-LOBE DAMAGE RP GHAZIUDDIN, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,TAUBMAN CTR BOX 0390,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P194 GILLBERG C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF01531665 GREER MK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF02211849 HETZLER BE, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01531514 JONES PB, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P570, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.4.570 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x NR 9 TC 36 Z9 36 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1007/BF01046406 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200008 PM 1592760 ER PT J AU BUCHSBAUM, MS SIEGEL, BV WU, JC HAZLETT, E SICOTTE, N HAIER, R TANGUAY, P ASARNOW, R CADORETTE, T DONOGHUE, D LAGUNASSOLAR, M LOTT, I PAEK, J SABALESKY, D AF BUCHSBAUM, MS SIEGEL, BV WU, JC HAZLETT, E SICOTTE, N HAIER, R TANGUAY, P ASARNOW, R CADORETTE, T DONOGHUE, D LAGUNASSOLAR, M LOTT, I PAEK, J SABALESKY, D TI ATTENTION PERFORMANCE IN AUTISM AND REGIONAL BRAIN METABOLIC-RATE ASSESSED BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BASAL GANGLIA; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDHOOD; DISORDER; CORTEX C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CROCKER NUCL LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PEDIAT,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT NEUROL,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP BUCHSBAUM, MS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IRVINE,CA 92717, USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF01046407 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200009 PM 1592761 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C AF GILLBERG, C TI PLASMA BETA-ENDORPHIN CONCENTRATIONS IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID CHILDHOOD RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 SANDMAN CA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02207000 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 DI 10.1007/BF01046409 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HQ842 UT WOS:A1992HQ84200011 PM 1592763 ER PT J AU VENTER, A LORD, C SCHOPLER, E AF VENTER, A LORD, C SCHOPLER, E TI A FOLLOW-UP-STUDY OF HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; INTELLIGENCE ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PATTERNS; DEFICITS; ADULTS AB Fifty-eight high-functioning autistic children were assessed during preschool and early school years and followed over a period of 8 years. Early and current psychometric and language tests, parent interviews concerning autistic symptomatology, and direct observations were examined as predictors of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and scores on standardized achievement tests. Verbal skills emerged as the strongest predictor of social-adaptive functioning. Clear, positive relationships also emerged between intellectual functioning, and academic attainment. Early non-verbal IQ also showed a positive relationship with outcome. Academic performance appeared considerably stronger than in earlier studies. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT PEDIAT,EDMONTON T6G 2E1,ALBERTA,CANADA. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. CR ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE ASARNOW RF, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00210.x BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 CANTWELL D, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00481.x CANTWELL DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02212715 CHUNG SY, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF02284720 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 Doll E. A., 1965, VINELAND SOCIAL MATU Dunn L. 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PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 489 EP 507 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ007 UT WOS:A1992HJ00700002 PM 1577895 ER PT J AU BOLTON, P PICKLES, A HARRINGTON, R MACDONALD, H RUTTER, M AF BOLTON, P PICKLES, A HARRINGTON, R MACDONALD, H RUTTER, M TI SEASON OF BIRTH - ISSUES, APPROACHES AND FINDINGS FOR AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; SEASON OF BIRTH; INFECTION; GENETICS ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; PSYCHOSIS; DISORDER; EXPOSURE; DISEASES AB Rates of birth in the general population show seasonal fluctuations for reasons that are ill understood. Variations from these general population patterns have been reported for several psychiatric conditions and used as the basis for aetiological hypothesis. In this paper, the evidence for alterations in the expected seasonal fluctuation in birth dates of autistic people is evaluated. A national sample of 1435 autistic individuals and a clinic sample of 196 subjects are compared to general population figures and to 121 sibling controls. Compared with the general population, the national sample showed significant deviations from the expected rate of birth by month. In the clinic sample, differences from the anticipated monthly pattern were only evident when this sample was compared to the sibling controls. A variety of models for seasonal trends, including year quarters, temperature and sine wave forms, were fitted to these variations but no consistent picture emerged. C1 UNIV BIRMINGHAM,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP BOLTON, P (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,MRC,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 CR ASHLEY MJ, 1988, CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH, V79, P101 BAKER R, 1978, GLIM 3 GENERALIZED L Bartlik B D, 1981, J Am Med Womens Assoc, V36, P363 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOYD JH, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P173 BRABIN BJ, 1985, REV INFECT DIS, V7, P579 BRADBURY TN, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V98, P569, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.98.3.569 BUTLER M, 1985, LANCET, V9459, P828 CAMPBELL M, 1978, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P573 Chess S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V7, P68 COLEMAN M, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P163 COWGILL UM, 1966, ECOLOGY, V47, P614, DOI 10.2307/1933939 Dalen P., 1975, SEASON BIRTH STUDY S DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1310 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V109, P628 EDWARDS J H, 1958, Br J Prev Soc Med, V12, P115 EDWARDS JH, 1961, ANN HUM GENET, V25, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1961.tb01501.x ELWOOD JH, 1970, BRIT J PREV SOC MED, V24, P78 FOMBONNE E, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P655 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P521 Gillberg C., 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P856, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.6.856 GILLBERG C, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V82, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01373.x HARE E, 1981, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V63, P398 HARLAP S, 1974, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V99, P210 HUNTER JM, 1978, SOC SCI MED-MED GEOG, V12, P85, DOI 10.1016/0160-8002(78)90011-4 JANERICH D, 1977, LANCET, V8010, P515 JANERICH DT, 1970, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V92, P351 JONES IH, 1979, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V59, P164, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1979.tb06958.x KALLEN B, 1988, HEREDITAS, V109, P21, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1988.tb00177.x KNOBLOCH H, 1975, PEDIATRICS, V55, P182 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1986, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V17, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00707913 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEWIS MS, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V89, P589, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.89.3.589 LEWIS MS, 1989, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V15, P59 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LYNDSEY J, 1989, LECTURE NOTES STATIS, V56 LYSTER WR, 1985, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V14, P482, DOI 10.1093/ije/14.3.482 MACDONALD H, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE MACFARLANE W, 1970, INT J BIOCLINICAL BI, V14, P167 MARKOWITZ PI, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531564 MAXCY K. F., 1926, Public Health Reports, V41, P2967, DOI 10.2307/4578110 McCullagh P, 1983, GENERALIZED LINEAR M MEDNICK SA, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P189 NIELSEN J, 1973, HUMANGENETIK, V19, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF00295236 ONORATO IM, 1985, REV INFECT DIS, V7, P479 ORME J, 1962, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V56, P233 ORME JE, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V54, P273 PARKER G, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V129, P355, DOI 10.1192/bjp.129.4.355 Parkes A S, 1968, Eugen Soc Symp, V4, P128 PARKES AS, 1971, J BIOSOC SCI S, V3, P13 PASAMANICK B, 1958, OBSTET GYNECOL, V12, P110 PECKHAM C, 1985, REV INFECT DIS, V7, pS11 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 RUTTER M, 1988, PREVENTIVE CURATIVE, P265 RUTTER M, 1991, MENTAL ILLNESS NEW G SHIMURA M, 1981, SOC SCI MED-MED GEOG, V15, P103, DOI 10.1016/0160-8002(81)90020-4 Smalley S. L., 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P958 *SPSS, 1987, SPSS PC TRENDS REF M St Leger AS, 1976, APPL STAT, V25, P280 *STAT EP RES CORP, 1990, EGRET REF MAN STUARTHARRIS C, 1984, TOPLEY WILSONS PRINC, V4, P124 STUBBS EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01550276 TANOUE Y, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF02212940 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 TORREY EF, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V134, P183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.134.2.183 TSAI LY, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P180 VIDEBECH P, 1984, HUM GENET, V65, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00286507 WALLENSTEIN S, 1989, BIOMETRICS, V45, P817, DOI 10.2307/2531685 WATSON CG, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P85 WHORTON JE, 1981, PSYCHOL REP, V49, P649 WILLIAMS DA, 1982, J R STAT SOC C-APPL, V31, P144 WILLIAMS P, 1964, BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL, V34, P247 NR 76 TC 49 Z9 49 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 509 EP 530 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00888.x PG 22 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ007 UT WOS:A1992HJ00700003 PM 1577896 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, IC GILLBERG, C KOPP, S AF GILLBERG, IC GILLBERG, C KOPP, S TI HYPOTHYROIDISM AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE HYPOTHYROIDISM; AUTISM; ASPERGER SYNDROME AB Five children (three boys and two girls) with autism or autistic-like conditions are described. Three of them had congenital hypothyroidism and two had mothers who had probably been hypothyroid in pregnancy. It is suggested that hypothyroid hormone deficiency in early development might cause central nervous system damage such that autistic symptoms are likely to ensue. An alternative explanation might be autoimmune factors linking hypothyroidism and autism. C1 CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CTR,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR ABASSA V, 1978, J AUSTISM CHILDHOOD, V8, P383 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSSON L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P441 CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P371, DOI 10.1007/BF01538042 COHEN DJ, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P445 COLEMAN M, 1970, LANCET, V2, P365 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO Geschwind N, 1987, CEREBRAL LATERALIZAT GILLBERG C, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631 Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x OLEMAN M, 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROMES Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P63 *WHO, 1988, ICD10 DRAFT CHAPT 5 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 531 EP 542 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00889.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ007 UT WOS:A1992HJ00700004 PM 1577897 ER PT J AU SODIAN, B FRITH, U AF SODIAN, B FRITH, U TI DECEPTION AND SABOTAGE IN AUTISTIC, RETARDED AND NORMAL-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; THEORY OF MIND; DECEPTION ID MIND; COMMUNICATION; KNOWLEDGE; BEHAVIOR; BELIEF AB We investigated autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children's ability to deceive or obstruct an opponent. When required to tell a lie (saying that a box was locked) autistic children performed significantly worse than their controls, taking into account mental age. However, they readily prevented a competitor from gaining a reward by physical manipulation (locking a box). Their success on sabotage demonstrated that their failure on deception was not due to an inability to understand the task. Performance on deception was predicted by performance on a false belief attribution task. The present findings confirm that autistic children have a specific deficit in understanding and manipulating beliefs. C1 MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,17 GORDON ST,LONDON WC1H 0AH,ENGLAND. UNIV MUNICH,INST EMPIR PADAGOG,W-8000 MUNICH 40,GERMANY. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, UNPUB OUT SIGHT OUT BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 CHANDLER M, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P1263, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb04001.x Dennett D., 1978, BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN SC, V4, P568 DEVRIES R, 1970, CHILD DEV, V41, P759, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1970.tb01029.x Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GRATCH G, 1964, VITA HUMANA, V7, P49 La Freniere P., 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, P238 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 MILLER PH, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P257, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02714.x PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PESKIN J, 1989, UNPUB CONCEALING ONE Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SODIAN B, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P468, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01545.x SODIAN B, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P173 Stern Clara, 1909, ERINNERUNG AUSSAGE L WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WOODRUFF G, 1979, COGNITION, V7, P333, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(79)90021-0 NR 27 TC 120 Z9 120 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 591 EP 605 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ007 UT WOS:A1992HJ00700008 PM 1577901 ER PT J AU BURACK, JA VOLKMAR, FR AF BURACK, JA VOLKMAR, FR TI DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-FUNCTIONING AND HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE; DEVELOPMENTAL STRUCTURE; MENTAL RETARDATION ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; CLASSIFICATION; SENSORIMOTOR AB Aspects of developmental sequences and structures were assessed in low- and high-functioning autistic and non-autistic developmentally disabled children. Specific developmental issues examined included sequences, regressions and profiles. Classification into the high- or low-functioning groups was based on a full scale IQ cutoff of 50. In general, there were few differences in the sequences of development among the groups. However, the autistic children were more likely than non-autistic children to display developmental regressions and unevenness across developmental domains. These developmental peculiarities were more pronounced in the low- as compared to high-functioning autistic children. These findings are discussed with regard to issues of developmental processes, classification and autism. C1 YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. RP BURACK, JA (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL,3700 MCTAVISH ST,MONTREAL H3A 1Y2,QUEBEC,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BEVER TG, 1982, REGRESSION MENTAL DE Burack J. A., 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH BURACK JA, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P765, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00752.x Cicchetti D., 1982, MENTAL RETARDATION D CICCHETTI D, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1, DOI 10.2307/1129830 CICCHETTI D, 1990, DOWN SYNDROME DEV PE DUNNRANKIN J, 1983, SCALING METHODS FISH B, 1965, AM J PSYCHIAT, V121, P768 HARPER J, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P25, DOI 10.1007/BF01537970 HODAPP, 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH HODAPP RM, 1990, DOWN SYNDROME DEV PE HOSHINO Y, 1987, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V41, P237 KOIZUMI T, 1980, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V21, P178 KOPP CB, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V2 LEACH C, 1979, INTRO STATISTICS NON LINKS PS, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF02408286 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 LOVELAND KA, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P84 Macmillan D. L., 1982, MENTAL RETARDATION S MCDONALD MA, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P599, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00271.x MORGAN SB, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P441, DOI 10.1007/BF01531710 MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x MUNDY P, 1984, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V30, P33 NIE NH, 1970, STATISTICAL PACKAGE RUTTER M, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4 Rutter M., 1985, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY SIGMAN M, 1987, SYMBOLIC DEV ATYPICA SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P834, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00005 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE VOLKMAR FR, 1989, M AM ACADEMY CHILD A VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V7, P324, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198610000-00011 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P191 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 WEISZ JR, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P831, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.4.831 WENAR C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01531662 J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V8, P162 NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00894.x PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ007 UT WOS:A1992HJ00700009 PM 1374418 ER PT J AU BURACK, JA AF BURACK, JA TI DEBATE AND ARGUMENT - CLARIFYING DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES IN THE STUDY OF AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; THEORY OF MIND; DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY; DEVIANT DEVELOPMENT ID CHILDREN; SENSORIMOTOR RP BURACK, JA (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL,3700 MCTAVISH ST,MONTREAL H3A 1Y2,QUEBEC,CANADA. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x Cicchetti D., 1982, MENTAL RETARDATION D CICCHETTI D, 1990, DOWN SYNDROME DEV PE CICCHETTI D, 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH Cicchetti D., 1978, DEV AFFECT HODAPP RM, 1990, DOWN SYNDROME DEV PE Kohlberg L., 1969, HDB SOCIALIZATION TH MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x MUNDY P, 1984, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V30, P33 Piaget J., 1954, CONSTRUCTION REALITY RUTTER M, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4 SLOBIN DI, 1970, ADV PSYCHOLINGUISTIC SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P834, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00005 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, OCT M AM AC CHILD AD VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V7, P324, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198610000-00011 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH ZIGLER E, 1967, SCIENCE, V155, P292, DOI 10.1126/science.155.3760.292 ZIGLER E, 1963, THEORIES CONT PSYCHO ZIGLER E, 1969, AM J MENT DEF, V73, P536 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00895.x PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ007 UT WOS:A1992HJ00700010 PM 1374419 ER PT J AU BARONCOHEN, S AF BARONCOHEN, S TI DEBATE AND ARGUMENT - ON MODULARITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN AUTISM - A REPLY SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Note DE AUTISM; THEORY OF MIND; SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; MODULARITY ID MIND; REALITY AB Burack (this issue) reopens questions first raised by my 1989a article in this Journal, on whether children with autism have a specific delay in the development of a theory of mind, or whether the data reflect deviance rather than delay. His paper is of considerable value in highlighting points for debate. In my response, I focus on three issues: First, the logical possibility that delay and deviance can occur together. Second, the evidence that autism may instantiate this possibility. Finally, the important question of the modularity of theory of mind. C1 UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RP BARONCOHEN, S (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,DE CRESPIGNY PK,DEMARK HILL,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND AVIS J, 1990, CHILD DEV, V62, P460 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES IND BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BOWLER D, 1989, DEC LOND C BRIT PSYC BRADLEY L, 1983, NATURE, V301, P419, DOI 10.1038/301419a0 CHARMAN T, 1992, UNPUB UNDERSTANDING Fodor Jerry A., 1983, MODULARITY MIND Frye D., 1991, CHILDRENS THEORIES M GOPNIK A, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x Gordon R., 1986, MIND LANG, V1, P158, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0017.1986.tb00324.x HAPPE F, 1991, JUL EXP PSYCH SOC SU Harris P. L., 1989, CHILDREN EMOTION Hobson R. P., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO HOBSON RP, 1992, UNDERSTANDING OTHER LEEKAM S, IN PRESS COGNITION LESLIE A., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, IN PRESS COGNITION LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES PREMACK D, 1990, COGNITION, V36, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90051-K Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND Whiten Andrew, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN ZAITCHIK D, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P41, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90036-J 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCH MAR NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00896.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ007 UT WOS:A1992HJ00700011 PM 1374420 ER PT J AU FANKHAUSER, MP KARUMANCHI, VC GERMAN, ML YATES, A KARUMANCHI, SD AF FANKHAUSER, MP KARUMANCHI, VC GERMAN, ML YATES, A KARUMANCHI, SD TI A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF TRANSDERMAL CLONIDINE IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SELF-STIMULATION; CHILDREN; METHYLPHENIDATE; HYPERACTIVITY; SEROTONIN AB Background: Austistic individuals often exhibit hyperarousal behaviors (e.g., stereotyped body movements, self-stimulation, hypervigilance, and hyperactivity). Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been shown to be effective in reducing impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity associated with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of transdermal clonidine in reducing hyperarousal behaviors associated with autism. Method: A double-blind, placebo-crossover study with transdermal clonidine was performed in nine autistic males (aged 5 to 33 years). Subjects received either clonidine (approximately 0.005 mg/kg/day) or placebo by a weekly transdermal patch. Each trial lasted 4 weeks with a 2-week washout period between treatment phases. Subjects were evaluated every 2 weeks by clinician raters and weekly by parents. Results: The clonidine treatment showed a significant difference from placebo treatment on three subscales of the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale (i.e., social relationship to people, affectual responses, and sensory responses). The Clinical Global Impressions scale indicated that clonidine produced a significant improvement on severity of illness, global improvement, and efficacy index for therapeutic effect of the drug. A patient global rating scale showed clonidine treatment resulted in significant improvement in comparison with placebo. Adverse effects included sedation and fatigue during the first 2 weeks of clonidine treatment. Conclusion: Results from this preliminary study show that clonidine was effective in reducing several hyperarousal behaviors and improved social relationships in some autistic subjects. Further studies are needed in a larger autistic population to determine the dose-response relationship of clonidine. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP FANKHAUSER, MP (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,COLL PHARM,DEPT PHARM PRACTICE,ROOM 312,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P38 CAZALA P, 1980, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V68, P173, DOI 10.1007/BF00432137 COHEN DJ, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P561 CONNERS C, 1976, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, P59 DEMYER W, 1984, NEUROL CLIN, V2, P139 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FENTON HM, 1982, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V17, P1207, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(82)90122-8 FISCH GS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P71 FRANKLIN KBJ, 1978, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V9, P813, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(78)90361-1 FRANKLIN KBJ, 1977, EUR J PHARMACOL, V43, P33, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(77)90157-1 FREEMAN BJ, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P588, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60352-6 FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GOLDSTEIN M, 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROMES, P57 HANLEY HG, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P521 HERBERG LJ, 1976, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V4, P575, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(76)90200-8 HOLM VA, 1909, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P386 HOSHINO Y, 1984, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V11, P22, DOI 10.1159/000118045 HUNT RD, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V23, P111 HUNT RD, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P229 Hunt R D, 1990, J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, V1, P87, DOI 10.1089/cap.1990.1.87 HUNT RD, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P617, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60065-0 KUPERMAN S, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P186, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60446-5 LAKE CR, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P533 NIE NH, 1975, SPSS STATITICAL PACK, P427 ORNITZ EM, 1969, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V10, P259, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(69)90002-9 Ornitz E. 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Psychiatry PD MAR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 3 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HM911 UT WOS:A1992HM91100001 PM 1548248 ER PT J AU ABRAMSON, RK WRIGHT, HH CUCCARO, ML LAWRENCE, LG BABB, S PENCARINHA, D MARSTELLER, F HARRIS, EC AF ABRAMSON, RK WRIGHT, HH CUCCARO, ML LAWRENCE, LG BABB, S PENCARINHA, D MARSTELLER, F HARRIS, EC TI BIOLOGICAL LIABILITY IN FAMILIES WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter RP ABRAMSON, RK (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. CR PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 Spitzer R. L., 1978, SCHEDULE AFFECTIVE D SPITZER RL, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P773 NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 2 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1097/00004583-199203000-00030 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA HH094 UT WOS:A1992HH09400029 PM 1564043 ER PT J AU LENTI, C AF LENTI, C TI AUTISM AND EPILEPSY - ORGANIC CONNECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter RP LENTI, C (reprint author), UNIV MILAN,I-20122 MILAN,ITALY. CR GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P271 MCKENNA PJ, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P895 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 OTTMAN R, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V30, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05448.x PEREZ MM, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V146, P155, DOI 10.1192/bjp.146.2.155 VUKICEVIC J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P897, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00009 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 2 BP 370 EP 370 DI 10.1097/00004583-199203000-00029 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA HH094 UT WOS:A1992HH09400028 PM 1564042 ER PT J AU DELONG, GR AF DELONG, GR TI AUTISM, AMNESIA, HIPPOCAMPUS, AND LEARNING SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; AMNESIA; HIPPOCAMPUS; LEARNING; DEVELOPMENT; TEMPORAL LOBE ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; STIMULUS OVERSELECTIVITY; NEUROLOGICAL MODEL; CHILDREN; MEMORY; DEFICITS; COMPREHENSION; IMPAIRMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Autism is held to be the result of the failure of a central cognitive processor which is necessary for flexible multidimensional association of sensorial stimuli, memory, and motivational states. Failure of this processor produces rigid, invariant, rote behavior, thought and language and aberrant modulation of emotion. It is argued that this central processing function is critically dependent on the hippocampus. Thus autism is postulated to be the developmental syndrome of hippocampal dysfunction. The hippocampus is postulated to be necessary for normal development in the child of language syntax, semantics, and pragmatics; the capacity for creativity and generativity in language and behavior, and combinatorial possibilities in general; for the integration of motivational states with experience and learning; and for the construction of a complex, useful and flexible structure of meaning. These constructs may become independent of hippocampus for use, but hippocampus is still required to modify or add to them. Finally, this analysis suggests a specific hypothesis of hippocampal organization which I advance as an hypothesis: that the hippocampus can be modelled as a multidimensional system in which the unique intersection of all input dimensions is the resultant. 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PD SPR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA HA681 UT WOS:A1992HA68100008 PM 1553107 ER PT J AU HAGERMAN, RJ JACKSON, C AMIRI, K SILVERMAN, AC OCONNOR, R SOBESKY, W AF HAGERMAN, RJ JACKSON, C AMIRI, K SILVERMAN, AC OCONNOR, R SOBESKY, W TI GIRLS WITH FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - PHYSICAL AND NEUROCOGNITIVE STATUS AND OUTCOME SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME GIRLS; MENTAL RETARDATION; LEARNING DISABILITIES; ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SHYNESS; TREATMENT ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; FEMALE CARRIERS; MALES; EXPRESSION; HETEROZYGOTES; INTELLIGENCE; INHERITANCE; FREQUENCY; AUTISM AB The fragile X syndrome, a common X-linked form of mental retardation and autism, affects females as well as males. Previous work has shown that approximately 35% of heterozygotes (women who carry the fragile X gene) demonstrate cognitive impairment. Thirty-two girls, 18 years or younger, who demonstrate the fragile X chromosome were evaluated and compared with 19 sisters who do not demonstrate the fragile X chromosome. Evaluations included a physical examination, behavioral assessment, and intelligence testing. Significant differences (in intellectual, behavioral, and physical features) were seen between the two groups. Twenty-five percent of fragile X-positive girls had an IQ in the mentally retarded range (IQ < 70) and 28% had an IQ in the borderline range (70 to 84). Prominent ears, shyness, and poor eye contact were significant findings in fragile X-positive girls compared with fragile X-negative girls. Thirty-one percent of the fragile X-positive girls had significant attentional difficulties and most of these girls were successfully treated with stimulant medication. The majority of fragile X-positive girls in this study demonstrated significant behavioral and developmental problems which required identification and appropriate treatment. Pediatricians and health care providers should be aware of the frequency and manner with which fragile X affects females in order to initiate cytogenetic studies and treatment when indicated. C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80262. SEWALL CHILD DEV CTR,DENVER,CO. RP HAGERMAN, RJ (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,CHILD DEV UNIT,1056 E 19TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80218, USA. CR BORGHGRAEF M, 1990, CLIN GENET, V37, P341 BRONDUMNIELSEN K, 1983, HUM GENET, V64, P240 BROWN J, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P311 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 CHUDLEY AE, 1983, AM J MED GENET, V14, P699, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320140412 Conners C.K., 1973, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, P24 CRONISTER A, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P269, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380221 DYKENS EM, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P422, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00020 FROSTERISKENIUS U, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P273, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230121 FRYNS JP, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P157, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230110 Hagerman R., 1983, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P83 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V59, P142 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V33, P513, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320330422 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P375, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230129 HAGERMAN RJ, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME KEMPER MB, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P139, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230109 KNOLL JH, 1984, AM J HUM GENET, V36, P640 LACHIEWICZ AM, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P272 LAIRD CD, 1987, GENETICS, V117, P587 MIEZEJESKI CM, 1986, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V24, P405, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(86)90026-6 NUSSBAUM RL, 1989, METABOLIC BASIS INHE, P327 REISS AL, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V45, P697 SHERMAN SL, 1985, HUM GENET, V69, P289, DOI 10.1007/BF00291644 SHERMAN SL, 1984, ANN HUM GENET, V48, P21, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1984.tb00830.x SIMKO A, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V83, P547 TUCKERMAN E, 1986, J MED GENET, V23, P407, DOI 10.1136/jmg.23.5.407 TURNER G, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P11, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230103 UCHIDA IA, 1982, AM J HUM GENET, V34, P286 WEBB GC, 1982, J MED GENET, V19, P44, DOI 10.1136/jmg.19.1.44 WOLFF PH, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P213, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300121 1973, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, P219 NR 31 TC 110 Z9 110 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1992 VL 89 IS 3 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HG529 UT WOS:A1992HG52900007 PM 1741210 ER PT J AU WARREN, RP SINGH, VK COLE, P ODELL, JD PINGREE, CB WARREN, WL AF WARREN, RP SINGH, VK COLE, P ODELL, JD PINGREE, CB WARREN, WL TI ASSOCIATION OF THE EXTENDED OR ANCESTRAL MHC HAPLOTYPE [B44-SC30-DR4] WITH AUTISM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322. CR 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP A1145 EP A1145 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HG719 UT WOS:A1992HG71901208 ER PT J AU ENGERSTROM, IW AF ENGERSTROM, IW TI RETT SYNDROME - THE LATE INFANTILE REGRESSION PERIOD - A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 91 CASES SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE APRAXIA; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY; PROGRESSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY; RETT SYNDROME ID NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; BRAIN; METABOLITES; IMPAIRMENT; RESPONSES; DISORDERS; AUTISM; SYSTEM; EEG AB The late infantile regression period of Rett syndrome was analysed in a consecutively collected series of females, born 1945-87 (median 17 1/2 years), fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for classic Rett syndrome. For general information, data from 91 girls and women were used (group A), while more detailed while more detailed analysis was based on the youngest 20, all born during the last decade (group B). Median ages at onset of developmental stagnation (stage I) were 11 (5-24) and 10 (5-18) months for groups A and B. respectively. Loss of acquired skills (stage II) began at 19(12-36) and 17 (13-15) months and lasted for 19 (2-53) and 13 (2-32) months. Onset of the period of loss was distinctly marked in 43%, dramatic in 16%) and insidious in 41%. Gross motor delay and aberrant behaviour raised the first suspicions of disease, while a more specific pattern comprising a triad of manifestations, i.e. contact/communication. hand use skill, babble/words, characterized the loss of acquired skills. Although development invariably came to a definite break at a crucial stage of maturation, an "awakening" (stage III) and return of interest to act and interact astonishingly followed the period of withdrawal. Apraxia was found in all, but some use of the hands could be enticed in engaging and non-demanding situations. The observed preference for use of the left hand (9/11), compared to the right (2/11), suggested a reflection of an underlying dysfunction/disease process, also displayed is spike activity in left central leads in EEGs from 13/20 girls. C1 OSTERSUND HOSP,PEDIAT CLIN,OSTERSUND,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT 2,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR AMADUCCI L, 1981, NEUROLOGY, V31, P799 BADER GG, 1989, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V11, P102 BADER GG, 1989, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V11, P110 EEGOLOFSSON O, 1988, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V10, P260 Galaburda A. M., 1984, CEREBRAL DOMINANCE B, P11 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 HAGBERG B, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P20 HAGBERG B, 1990, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAN S, V369 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P372 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 HAGNE I, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V72, P1, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(89)90025-4 LARGO RH, 1979, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V21, P299 LAUDER JM, 1988, HDB HUMAN GROWTH D A, V1, P53 LEKMAN A, 1990, CLIN GENET, V37, P173 LEKMAN A, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P357, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90049-0 NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 NOMURA Y, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P506 OLSSON B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P281 PERCY A, 1990, NEUROL CLIN, V8, P659 PERCY AK, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, P65 Rett A, 1966, CEREBRAL ATROPHISCHE RIIKONEN R, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P215, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071296 RUCH A, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P320, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90027-1 SACHS O, 1982, AWAKENINGS SANTAVUORI P, 1982, CEROIDLIPOFUSCINOSIS WITTENGERSTROM I, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P23 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1990, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAN D, V369 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF01487267 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P481 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 81 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12196.x PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HG477 UT WOS:A1992HG47700016 PM 1515763 ER PT J AU ELLISON, KA FILL, CP TERWILLIGER, J DEGENNARO, LJ MARTINGALLARDO, A ANVRET, M PERCY, AK OTT, J ZOGHBI, H AF ELLISON, KA FILL, CP TERWILLIGER, J DEGENNARO, LJ MARTINGALLARDO, A ANVRET, M PERCY, AK OTT, J ZOGHBI, H TI EXAMINATION OF X-CHROMOSOME MARKERS IN RETT SYNDROME - EXCLUSION MAPPING WITH A NOVEL VARIATION ON MULTILOCUS LINKAGE ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; LOCUS; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; POLYMORPHISMS AB Rett syndrome is a neurologic disorder characterized by early normal development followed by regression, acquired decleration of head growth, autism, ataxia, and stereotypic hand movements. The exclusive occurrence of the syndrome in females and the occurrence of a few familial cases with inheritance through maternal lines suggest that this disorder is most likely secondary to a mutation on the X chromosome. To address this hypothesis and to identify candidate regions for the Rett syndrome gene locus, genotypic analysis was performed in two families with maternally related affected half-sisters by using 63 DNA markers from the X chromosome. Maternal and paternal X chromosomes from the affected sisters were separated in somatic cell hybrids and were examined for concordance/discordance of maternal alleles at the tested loci. Thirty-six markers were informative in at least one of the two families, and 25 markers were informative in both families. Twenty loci were excluded as candidates for the Rett syndrome gene, on the basis of discordance for maternal alleles in the half-sisters. Nineteen of the loci studied were chosen for multipoint linkage analysis because they have been previously genetically mapped using a large number of meioses from reference families. Using the exclusion criterion of a lod score less than -2, we were able to exclude the region between the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus and the DXS456 locus. This region extends from Xp21.2 to Xq21-q23. The use of the multipoint linkage analysis approach outlined in this study should allow the exclusion of additional regions of the X chromosome as new markers are analyzed. This in turn will result in a defined region of the X chromosome that should be searched for candidate sequences for the Rett syndrome gene in both familial and sporadic cases. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,INST MOLEC GENET,HOUSTON,TX 77030. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT GENET & PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL & CELL BIOL,WORCESTER,MA 01605. NINCDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. KAROLINSKA HOSP,DEPT CLIN GENET,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. CR ALITALO T, 1991, HUM GENET, V86, P599 ARCHIDIACONO N, 1991, HUM GENET, V86, P604 BOYLAN KB, 1990, GENOMICS, V6, P16, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90443-X DAVIES KE, 1990, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V55, P254, DOI 10.1159/000133019 EDWARDS A, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P746 ELLISON KA, 1991, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P5101, DOI 10.1093/nar/19.18.5101-a FEINBERG AP, 1984, ANAL BIOCHEM, V137, P266 FUSCOE JC, 1983, MOL CELL BIOL, V3, P1086 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P277 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P175 HO L, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P5330, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5330 HUANG THM, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P1312 HUANG THM, UNPUB SIMULTANEOUS T JOURNEL H, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P142, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320350130 KEATS BJB, 1990, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V55, P387, DOI 10.1159/000133023 KIRCHGESSNER CU, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P184 LINDGREN V, 1984, SCIENCE, V226, P698, DOI 10.1126/science.6494904 LITT M, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V44, P397 LUTY JA, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V46, P776 MANDEL JL, 1989, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V51, P384, DOI 10.1159/000132801 MOOS M, 1988, NATURE, V334, P701, DOI 10.1038/334701a0 NUSSBAUM RL, 1983, HUM GENET, V64, P148, DOI 10.1007/BF00327113 OZELIUS L, 1988, Genomics, V3, P53, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(88)90159-0 RETT A, 1966, EIN ZEREBRAL ATROPHI SEALEY PG, 1985, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V13, P1905, DOI 10.1093/nar/13.6.1905 SIDDIQUE T, 1989, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V17, P1785, DOI 10.1093/nar/17.4.1785 WEBER JL, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V44, P388 WEBER JL, 1990, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V18, P4037, DOI 10.1093/nar/18.13.4037 WILLIAMSON R, 1990, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V55, P685 ZOGHBI H, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS76 ZOGHBI H Y, 1989, American Journal of Human Genetics, V45, pA232 ZOGHBI HY, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P148, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320350131 ZOGHBI HY, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P131 ZOGHBI HY, 1988, AM J HUM GENET, V42, P877 NR 35 TC 64 Z9 64 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 50 IS 2 BP 278 EP 287 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HD001 UT WOS:A1992HD00100004 PM 1734712 ER PT J AU SHARPE, PA AF SHARPE, PA TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF BILATERAL HAND SPLINTS AND AN ELBOW ORTHOSIS ON STEREOTYPIC HAND MOVEMENTS AND TOY PLAY IN 2 CHILDREN WITH RETT SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (TREATMENT); SPLINTS; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR ID AUTISM; GIRLS AB A single-subject rapidly alternating treatment design was used to compare the effectiveness of bilateral band splints and an elbow orthosis in decreasing stereotypic band behaviors and increasing toy play in 2 children with Rett syndrome. The subjects' responses were compared across three treatment conditions: no intervention, hand splints, and elbow orthosis. The order of the treatment phases was randomly selected for each subject. Data were collected in both a free-time condition and a toy-play condition; the outcome measures were stereotypic band movements and band-to-toy contact. Both subjects demonstrated a decrease in stereotypic band movements and a corresponding increase in toy contact with the use of the elbow orthosis. The bilateral hand splints bad no obvious treatment effect. C1 SUN PRAIRIE PUBL SCH,SUN PRAIRIE,WI. CR ARON M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P162 BUDDEN SS, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P99 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P372 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HOLM VA, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P297 IWATA BA, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P157 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI LIEBER B, 1985, BRAIN DEV, V7, P275 NAGANUMA GM, 1988, PHYS THER, V68, P664 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 OLSSON B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P281 Ottenbacher KJ, 1986, EVALUATING CLIN CHAN Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 SHARPE PA, 1990, AM J OCCUP THER, V44, P328 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS17 TUTEN H, 1989, PHYS THER, V69, P1099 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 1383 PICCARD DRIVE PO BOX ROCKVILLE, MD 20850-4375 SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA GZ930 UT WOS:A1992GZ93000005 PM 1595824 ER PT J AU GARBER, HJ RITVO, ER AF GARBER, HJ RITVO, ER TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF THE POSTERIOR-FOSSA IN AUTISTIC ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN; PATHOLOGY AB Magnetic resonance imaging measurements were obtained for 12 adults with DSM-III-defined autism and a matched group of 12 normal subjects. No significant differences were found for mean midsagittal areas of pons, fourth ventricle, cerebellar vermis, or vermis lobules. No significant brain abnormalities were observed in either group. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,DIV MENTAL RETARDAT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP GARBER, HJ (reprint author), ALLEGHENY NEUROPSYCHIAT INST,7777 STEUBENVILLE PIKE,OAKDALE,PA 15071, USA. CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P459, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60565-3 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01487072 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 MATHEW RJ, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P970 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1984, PEDIATR ANN, V13, P298 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 NR 15 TC 60 Z9 60 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 149 IS 2 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HC079 UT WOS:A1992HC07900016 PM 1734747 ER PT J AU BURSZTEJN, C ALEMBIK, Y STOLL, C POUPIER, G FELLER, L HAMON, J TRIBOUT, JL GARDONE, MC DANIONGRILLIAT, A AF BURSZTEJN, C ALEMBIK, Y STOLL, C POUPIER, G FELLER, L HAMON, J TRIBOUT, JL GARDONE, MC DANIONGRILLIAT, A TI FRAGILE-X SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH INFANTILE-AUTISM AND PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS SO ARCHIVES FRANCAISES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article DE AUTISM, INFANTILE; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; SEX CHROMOSOMES; CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; SWEDISH MULTICENTER; CHILDREN; MALES; FEMALES; MARKER AB Three cases of fragile X (fra X) have been identified in a systematic survey of 30 boys, aged 3 to 14, with infantile autism or psychotic disorders, associated with mental retardation. Only one of these children exhibited a dysmorphy characterizing the Martin-Bell syndrome. Two fra X cases fulfilled the DSM III criteria for autism; none corresponded to the Kanner's description of infantile autism. The prevalence of fra X among children with psychotic disorders (6%) is much higher than in the general population; however it is close to the prevalence observed in non psychotic mentally retarded patients. Given the inconsistency of the somatic phenotype, the screening should benefit from the recent discovery of abnormal methylation of DNA. C1 CTR HOSP REG & UNIV STRASBOURG,SERV PEDIAT 5,F-67091 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. RP BURSZTEJN, C (reprint author), CTR HOSP REG & UNIV STRASBOURG,SERV PSYCHOTHERAP ENFANTS & ADOLESCENTS,1 PL HOP,F-67091 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. CR BELL MV, 1991, CELL, V64, P861, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90514-Y BENEZECH M, 1983, ANN MED-PSYCHOL, V141, P1006 BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BOLTON P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P473, DOI 10.1007/BF02212946 BROWN WT, 1982, LANCET, V1, P100 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 BURSZTEJN C, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P548 BURSZTEJN C, 1986, ANN PEDIATR-PARIS, V33, P679 CANTU ES, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P442 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FISCH GS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P71 FRYNS JP, 1984, CLIN GENET, V26, P497 GILLBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P47 GOLDFINE PE, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P108 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P375, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230129 HO HH, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02211851 JAYAKAR P, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P381, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230130 LECOUTEUR A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P458 LELOUARN P, 1989, ARCH FR PEDIATR, V46, P211 MADOKORO H, 1989, Acta Paediatrica Japonica, V31, P163 Martin JP, 1943, J NEUROL PSYCHIATRY, V6, P154, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.6.3-4.154 MATSUISHI T, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P284, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90069-5 MATTEI JF, 1984, J GENET HUM, V32, P167 MCGILLIVRAY BC, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P353, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230127 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 MISES R, 1988, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V31, P67 OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 OPITZ JM, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P5, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170103 OPITZ JM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P1, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230102 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 PUESCHEL SM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531503 STOLL C, 1984, J MED STRASBOURG, V15, P413 VENTER PA, 1984, HUM GENET, V67, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF00270567 VINCENT A, 1991, NATURE, V349, P624, DOI 10.1038/349624a0 VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P190, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60226-0 WAHLSTROM J, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P403, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230132 WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1462 WRIGHT HH, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P641, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60288-0 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 PU EDITIONS TECHNIQUES PI PARIS PA 18 RUE SEGUIER, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0003-9764 J9 ARCH FR PEDIATR PD FEB PY 1992 VL 49 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HF549 UT WOS:A1992HF54900006 PM 1580745 ER PT J AU FERRARI, P AF FERRARI, P TI CHILD-PSYCHIATRY SO ARCHIVES FRANCAISES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article DE PSYCHIATRY; ADOLESCENT; INFANT, NEWBORN; CHILD; AUTISM; SEROTONIN; DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR RP FERRARI, P (reprint author), FAC MED PARIS SUD,SERV PSYCHIAT ENFANT & ADOLESCENT,FONDAT VALLEE,7 RUE BENSERADE,F-94257 GENTILLY,FRANCE. CR FERRARI P, 1991, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V34, P35 JEAMMET P, 1986, REV PSYCHOL APPL, P279 LAUNAY JM, 1988, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V20, P1, DOI 10.1159/000118465 Lebovici S., 1983, NOURRISSON MERE PSYC STONE LJ, 1978, COMPETENT INFANT NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU EDITIONS TECHNIQUES PI PARIS PA 18 RUE SEGUIER, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0003-9764 J9 ARCH FR PEDIATR PD FEB PY 1992 VL 49 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HF549 UT WOS:A1992HF54900012 PM 1374606 ER PT J AU YIRMIYA, N SIGMAN, MD KASARI, C MUNDY, P AF YIRMIYA, N SIGMAN, MD KASARI, C MUNDY, P TI EMPATHY AND COGNITION IN HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EMOTION; EXPRESSIONS; MIND; COMPREHENSION; COMMUNICATION; APPRAISAL; KNOWLEDGE; PEOPLE; SKILLS; MEN AB This study compares the ability of nonretarded autistic children (9-16 years of age) with the ability of normally developing children (9-14 years of age) to discriminate between various emotional states, to take the perspective of another regarding emotional states, and to respond affectively. The children's understanding of conservation was also assessed. While the children with antism did surprisingly well on the empathy-related measures, they performed less well than the normal children on these measures and on conservation. There was a closer association between cognitive abilities and affective understanding in the group of autistic children than in the control group. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH EDUC,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH EDUC,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1981, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ASARNOW RF, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00210.x ATTWOOD AJ, 1984, THESIS U LONDON BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BLAND ML, 1987, THESIS U CALIFORNIA BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 CASATI I, 1968, STAGES SENSORIMOTOR CICCHETTI D, 1984, CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION, P71 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT Dunst C. J., 1980, CLIN ED MANUAL USE U Eisenberg N., 1989, EMPATHY RELATED EMOT, P107 Feshbach N. 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Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Hoffman M., 1984, EMOTIONS COGNITION B, P103 Hollingshead A.B., 1957, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KASARI C, IN PRESS SOCIAL USE LANGDEL LT, 1981, THESIS U COLLEGE LON LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Piaget Jean, 1967, PSYCHOL INTELLIGENCE PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x Ricks D., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT, P245 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 SIGMAN M, 1981, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V9, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF00919111 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 Sigman M., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P103 SMALLEY SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P271, DOI 10.1007/BF02284724 SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 Strayer J, 1989, CHILDRENS UNDERSTAND, P259 STRAYER J, 1989, EMPATHY RELATED EMOT, P85 THATCHER M, 1977, DISS ABSTR INT, V38, pB919 Uzgiris I., 1975, ASSESSMENT INFANCY O YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x YIRMIYA N, IN PRESS CLIN PSYCHO NR 52 TC 149 Z9 150 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HC288 UT WOS:A1992HC28800014 PM 1551323 ER PT J AU TAGERFLUSBERG, H AF TAGERFLUSBERG, H TI AUTISTIC CHILDRENS TALK ABOUT PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES - DEFICITS IN THE EARLY ACQUISITION OF A THEORY OF MIND SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; JOINT ATTENTION; FEELING STATES; COMMUNICATION; EMOTION; KNOWLEDGE; REPRESENTATION; PERSPECTIVE; EXPRESSIONS; PERCEPTION AB Spontaneous speech samples collected from 6 autistic and 6 age- and language-matched Down syndrome controls over the course of 1-2 years were analyzed for the presence of language referring to different psychological states. Utterances containing lexical terms for desire, perception, emotion, and cognition were functionally coded to distinguish conversation uses of such terms from actual reference to mental states, and for perception terms to distinguish reference to perception from calls for joint attention. The main findings were that autistic children were comparable to the Down syndrome control subjects in their talk about desire, perception and emotion. However, they used significantly less language to call for attention and to refer to cognitive mental states. These results are discussed in relation to current theories about the nature of the psychological deficit in autism. RP TAGERFLUSBERG, H (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02125, USA. RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ASTINGTON JW, 1990, NARRATIVE THOUGHT AND NARRATIVE LANGUAGE, P151 Baron- Cohen S., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P185, DOI 10.1017/ S0954579400000377 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x Bretherton I., 1981, INFANT SOCIAL COGNIT, P333 BRETHERTON I, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P906, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.6.906 BRETHERTON I, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P529, DOI 10.2307/1130334 Brown Roger, 1973, 1 LANGUAGE Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 DENCKLA MB, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60229-6 Dennett D., 1978, BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN SC, V4, P568 DUNN J, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P132, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.23.1.132 Flavell JH, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P244 FLAVELL JH, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P99, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.17.1.99 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Harris P. L, 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P191, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000389 Hobson R. P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P197, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000390 Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02212860 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x HODO L, 1979, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V44 LANDRY SH, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01884.x LEITER A, 1974, TEST PRINT, V2 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 Lord C, 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE, P257 LOVELAND KA, 1989, APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUI, V10, P401 LOVELAND KA, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P9 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MILLER J, 1987, NEW PERSPECTIVES DOW, P114 Miller J. F., 1985, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 MUNDY P, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF01487065 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PERNER J, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P244 PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SCARBOROUGH HS, 1990, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V11, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400008262 SHATZ M, 1983, COGNITION, V14, P301, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90008-2 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SODIAN B, 1990, 4TH EUR C DEV PSYCH TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206853 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V2, P5, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000062X TAN J, 1990, UNPUB AUTISTIC CHILD Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDRENS THEORIES M WELLMAN YH, 1989, UNPUB DESIRES BELIEF WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 62 TC 100 Z9 102 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03604.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA HC288 UT WOS:A1992HC28800015 PM 1551324 ER PT J AU ROMANCZYK, RG AF ROMANCZYK, RG TI DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM - GILLBERG,C SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 INST CHILD DEV,BINGHAMTON,NY. RP ROMANCZYK, RG (reprint author), SUNY BINGHAMTON,DEPT PSYCHOL,BINGHAMTON,NY 13901, USA. CR GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 37 IS 2 BP 163 EP 164 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA HB942 UT WOS:A1992HB94200051 ER PT J AU KONSTANTAREAS, MM HOMATIDIS, S AF KONSTANTAREAS, MM HOMATIDIS, S TI MOTHERS AND FATHERS SELF-REPORT OF INVOLVEMENT WITH AUTISTIC, MENTALLY DELAYED, AND NORMAL-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; HOUSEHOLD LABOR; TRANSITION; PARENTHOOD; FAMILIES; STRESS AB Ninety-six mothers and fathers reported involvement with their autistic, mentally delayed, and normal children for two days when both parents were home. Parents in this province-wide Ontario sample were asked to record the length and to rate the quality of interactions. Parents of normal and mentally delayed children reported greater involvement than parents of children with autism. Across groups, mothers reported longer involvement than fathers, with mothers of autistic children reporting less contact than mothers of the mentally delayed. Fathers of autistic children were also less involved than fathers of mentally delayed children. Best predictors of low involvement for fathers was having an autistic and a first-born or only child. For mothers, a large family size, having an autistic child, and an older child predicted lower involvement. Parents of normal children were the most likely to report contacts with their child as being fun. RP KONSTANTAREAS, MM (reprint author), CLARKE INST PSYCHIAT, CTR CHILD & FAMILY STUDIES, 250 COLL ST, TORONTO M5T 1R8, ONTARIO, CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bell R. Q., 1977, CHILD EFFECTS ADULTS Belsky J., 1988, MARRIAGE FAM REV, V12, P133, DOI 10.1300/J002v12n03_08 Bristol M. M., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P251 BRONSTEIN P, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P995, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.6.995 Cooley C., 1964, HUMAN NATURE SOCIAL CRAWLEY SB, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P1312, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00549.x CUNNINGHAM CE, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P62 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 EHEART BK, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P20 Farber B., 1959, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V24 GLENN N, 1982, J MARRIAGE FAM, V49, P63 GRAY EB, 1990, J CONT HUMAN SERV, V71, P322 HARDESTY C, 1989, J MARRIAGE FAM, V51, P253, DOI 10.2307/352385 Hill R., 1949, FAMILIES STRESS HOMATIDIS S, 1991, UNPUB AUTISTIC CHILD KASLOW FW, 1978, J MARRIAGE FAM COUNS, V4, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-0606.1978.tb00495.x KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P549 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1988, CHILDREN FAMILIES ST, P321 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00259.x KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V17, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF00913792 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P183 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1991, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V23, P358, DOI 10.1037/h0079022 LAMB ME, 1982, STRATEGIES TECHNIQUE, P49 Leiter R., 1969, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LEVYSHIFF R, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P141 MACDERMID SM, 1990, J MARRIAGE FAM, V52, P475, DOI 10.2307/353041 MASH EJ, 1984, CHILDREN FAMILIES ST, P65 MCCONACHIE H, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P389, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01941.x Meyerowitz J H, 1966, Psychiatr Res Rep Am Psychiatr Assoc, V20, P78 MILLER BC, 1980, FAM RELAT, V29, P459, DOI 10.2307/584459 NINIO A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P652, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03224.x PARKE RD, 1981, CONT READINGS CHILD, P228 PATTERSON GR, 1980, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V45 RUSSELL CS, 1974, J MARRIAGE FAM, V36, P294, DOI 10.2307/351155 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Seligman M., 1989, ORDINARY FAMILIES SP SLOMAN L, 1990, FAM PROCESS, V29, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1990.00417.x Tabachnick B.G, 1983, USING MULTIVARIATE S Uzgiris I., 1975, ASSESSMENT INFANCY O VOYDANOFF P, 1988, J MARRIAGE FAM, V50, P749, DOI 10.2307/352644 NR 43 TC 28 Z9 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2445 EI 1741-3737 J9 J MARRIAGE FAM JI J. Marriage Fam. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 54 IS 1 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.2307/353283 PG 12 WC Family Studies; Sociology SC Family Studies; Sociology GA HG963 UT WOS:A1992HG96300013 ER PT J AU VIOLETTE, J SWISHER, L AF VIOLETTE, J SWISHER, L TI ECHOLALIC RESPONSES BY A CHILD WITH AUTISM TO 4 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC INPUT SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ECHOLALIA; AUTISM; LEXICAL; FAMILIARITY; DIRECTIVENESS AB Studies of the immediate verbal imitations (IVIs) of subjects with echolalia report that features of linguistic or social input alone affect the number of IVIs elicited. This experimental study of a child with echolalia and autism controlled each of these variables while introducing a systematic change in the other. The subject produced more (p < .05) IVIs in response to unknown lexical words presented with a high degree of directiveness (Condition D) than in response to three other conditions of stimulus presentation (e.g., unknown lexical words, minimally directive style.) Thus, an interaction between the effects of linguistic and social input was demonstrated. IVIs were produced across all conditions, primarily during first presentations of lexical stimuli. Only the IVIs elicited by first presentations of the lexical stimuli during Condition D differed significantly (p < .05) from the number of IVIs elicited by first presentations of lexical stimuli in other conditions. These findings viewed together suggest that the occurrence of IVIs was related, at least for this child, to an uncertain or informative event and that this response was significantly greater when the lexical stimuli were unknown and presented in a highly directive style. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SPEECH & HEARING SCI,CHILD LANGUAGE LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85720. CR Arnold SF, 1981, THEORY LINEAR MODELS BERNARDOPITZ V, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P99 BLOOM L, 1974, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V6, P380, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(74)90018-8 CAMPBELL B, 1978, AM J MENT DEF, V82, P414 CARR EG, 1975, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V3, P331 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P473, DOI 10.1007/BF01531712 CLARK P, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01531685 Duchan J., 1983, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V4, P53 FAY WH, 1969, J COMMUN DISORD, V2, P38, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(69)90053-7 FAY WH, 1981, J GENET PSYCHOL, V138, P259 FAY WH, 1975, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V18, P336 LEONARD LB, 1979, CHILD DEV, V50, P19, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb02974.x LOVAAS OI, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P111, DOI 10.1007/BF02105365 MATHENY AP, 1968, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V6, P624, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(68)90107-0 Mirenda P., 1986, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V17, P126 PACCIA JM, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P42 PHILIPS GM, 1977, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V12, P47 PRIZANT BM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P42 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1968, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V9, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02204.x SCHOPLER E, 1971, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V24, P415 SCHULER AL, 1979, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V44, P411 STENGEL E, 1947, J MENT SCI, V93, P598 SUSSMAN S, 1969, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V39, P798 VIOLETTE JD, 1987, THESIS U ARIZONA TUC WING L, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON 1969, ANSI5361969 AM NAT S NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE RD, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 SN 0022-4685 J9 J SPEECH HEAR RES JI J. Speech Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Language & Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA HC605 UT WOS:A1992HC60500016 PM 1735962 ER PT J AU MYER, EC TRIPATHI, HL BRASE, DA DEWEY, WL AF MYER, EC TRIPATHI, HL BRASE, DA DEWEY, WL TI ELEVATED CSF BETA-ENDORPHIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN RETTS SYNDROME - REPORT OF 158 CASES AND COMPARISON WITH LEUKEMIC CHILDREN SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INFANT DEATH SYNDROME; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; NALTREXONE; APNEA; AUTISM; PLASMA; THERAPY AB Because some symptoms of Rett's syndrome are suggestive of excessive endogenous opioid activity, we measured the levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in lumbar CSF from 158 affected female patients and from 13 female controls. The mean (+/- SE) control level of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in CSF was 35.3 +/- 2.8 pg/ml (range, 23 to 48 pg/ml), whereas those with Rett's syndrome had a mean level of 95.3 +/- 3.6 pg/ml (range, 31 to 293 pg/ml). The levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in initial CSF samples exceeded the control range in 90% of the patients with Rett's syndrome. The mean beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was also elevated in CSF from leukemic children (119.2 +/- 16.9 pg/ml; range, 40 to 159 pg/ml), relative to the control group. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that some symptoms of Rett's syndrome may be associated with excessive endogenous opioid levels in the CNS. C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT PHARMACOL,RICHMOND,VA 23298. RP MYER, EC (reprint author), VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT CHILD NEUROL,BOX 211,HLTH SCI STN,RICHMOND,VA 23298, USA. CR BARNA I, 1988, ACTA ENDOCRINOL-COP, V117, P517 BARRECA T, 1986, LIFE SCI, V38, P2263, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90579-5 BRASE DA, 1989, LIFE SCI, V45, P359, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90620-6 BUDDEN SS, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P81 CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 FACCHINETTI F, 1987, NEUROSCI LETT, V77, P349, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90526-X FACCHINETTI F, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P331 GENAZZANI AR, 1989, CHILD NERV SYST, V5, P111, DOI 10.1007/BF00571121 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HEIJNEN CJ, 1991, IMMUNOL REV, V119, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00577.x HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 IANNETTI P, 1989, J ENDOCRINOL INVEST, V12, P623 JEFFCOATE WJ, 1978, LANCET, V2, P119 KATZ ER, 1982, J NERV MENT DIS, V170, P72, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198202000-00002 MYER EC, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V24, P340 MYER EC, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V111, P660, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80239-1 MYER EC, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V27, P75, DOI 10.1002/ana.410270112 NAIDU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P61 NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 NIELSEN JB, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P406 ORLOWSKI JP, 1986, PEDIATRICS, V78, P233 PASI A, 1989, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V46, P13, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(89)90312-0 ROSS DL, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P418 SANDOR P, 1983, ACTA PHYSIOL HUNG, V61, P155 SANDOR P, 1986, BRAIN RES, V386, P122, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90148-4 SANDYK R, 1988, INT J NEUROSCI, V3, P107 SANKARAN K, 1986, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V9, P224 SCHLACHTER LB, 1983, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V57, P221 TALLARIDA RJ, 1981, MANUAL PHARM CALCULA, P150 TRIPATHI H L, 1989, FASEB Journal, V3, pA730 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HD792 UT WOS:A1992HD79200016 PM 1736165 ER PT J AU HOLLANDER, A HEBBORNBRASS, U AF HOLLANDER, A HEBBORNBRASS, U TI FAMILY-ENVIRONMENT OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN BEFORE REFERRAL TO A RESIDENTIAL CARE INSTITUTION - A COMPARISON WITH FAMILIES OF HYPERACTIVE, EMOTIONALLY-DISTURBED AND CONDUCT DISORDERED CHILDREN SO PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Article AB With reference to psychogenetic autism models a retrospective study investigates, if autistic children more frequently than children with other disturbances grow up in a family-environment, which is characterized (a) by deficits in emotional warmth and (b) by a relatively high educational and occupational status of parents. The parallel group study is based upon a sample of 112 children, wo had been referred to a residential facility for psychiatric care. The hypothesis concerning deficits in emotional warmth is not confirmed. As to occupational status of parents however, comparative findings meet hypothetical expectations. Supplementary comparisons show, that autistic children had been exposed to parental overprotection more often and also not infrequently to ineffective behavior control. RP HOLLANDER, A (reprint author), FORSCH ABT,KINDERDORF DIE GUTE HAND,JAHNSTR 31,W-5067 KURTEN,GERMANY. CR Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS CANTWELL DP, 1978, AUTISM DIEKMEYER U, 1976, UNSER KIND 2 LEBENSJ, V2 EISENBERG C, 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P556 HEBBORNBRASS U, 1991, EMPIRISCHE LANGSSCHN INNERHOFER P, 1988, WELT FRUHKINDLICHEN KOLVIN J, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P385 Mahler M., 1972, SYMBIOSE INDIVIDUATI, V1 MARCUS LM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P499 PRIOR MR, 1976, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V10, P173, DOI 10.3109/00048677609159497 REMSCHMIDT H, 1990, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V18, P216 REMSCHMIDT H, 1977, MULTIAXIALES KLASSIF RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 Rutter M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P15 SANUA VD, 1986, INT J NEUROSCI, V30, P195 SCHOPLER E, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531530 TINBERGEN N, 1984, AUTISMUS BEI KINDERN WEBER D, 1987, KINDERTHERAPIE INTER, P162 WENDELER J, 1988, FRUHKINDLICHER AUTIS, P283 WILKER FW, 1989, AUTISMUS WING JK, 1988, FRUHKINDLICHER AUTIS, P17 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT PI GOTTINGEN PA THEATERSTRASSE 13, POSTFACH 77, W-37070 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SN 0032-7034 J9 PRAX KINDERPSYCHOL K JI Prax. Kinderpsychol. Kinderpsychiatr. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 41 IS 2 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HJ243 UT WOS:A1992HJ24300001 ER PT J AU LANDA, R PIVEN, J WZOREK, MM GAYLE, JO CHASE, GA FOLSTEIN, SE AF LANDA, R PIVEN, J WZOREK, MM GAYLE, JO CHASE, GA FOLSTEIN, SE TI SOCIAL LANGUAGE USE IN PARENTS OF AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; PERSONALITY; SIBLINGS; DISORDER; FAMILY AB Social language use (pragmatics) in parents of autistic individuals and controls was compared. Autism parents displayed atypical pragmatic behaviours more often than controls. Preliminary factor analysis suggested three parsimonious groupings of pragmatic abnormalities: Disinhibited Social Communication, Awkward/Inadequate Expression, and Odd Verbal Interaction. The pragmatic features observed in some autism parents are milder but conceptually similar to the social language deficits of autism. Possible reasons for familial aggregation of pragmatic language deficits are discussed. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP LANDA, R (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,600 N WOLFE ST,MEYER 2-181,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 BARON M, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P447 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 CANTWELL DP, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P269 COX A, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P146, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.146 CREAK M, 1960, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V1, P156, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1960.tb01990.x DEWEY M, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P348, DOI 10.1007/BF02105378 EISENBERG L, 1957, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V127, P715 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 Grice H. P., 1975, SYNTAX SEMANTICS, P41, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0022226700005296 Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1958, EARLY INFANTILE AUTI KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.403 Lahey M., 1988, LANGUAGE DISORDERS L LANDA R, 1992, IN PRESS J SPEECH HE LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE LOMAS J, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P113 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LOVELAND KA, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P593 MCADOO WG, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P251 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 PIVEN J, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE PRUTTING CA, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P105 REISS AL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P25 ROSENBERG R, 1986, NEUROGENETICS ROTH FP, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V49, P12 SNOW CE, 1972, CHILD DEV, V43, P549, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1972.tb01123.x Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x NR 35 TC 168 Z9 168 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0033-2917 J9 PSYCHOL MED JI Psychol. Med. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA HK687 UT WOS:A1992HK68700027 PM 1574562 ER PT J AU EISENBERG, L AF EISENBERG, L TI AUTISM AND ASPERGER SYNDROME SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP EISENBERG, L (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SOCIAL MED,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. CR TAYLOR D, 1991, LANCET, V338, P1509 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 18 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8786 BP 186 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90257-4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GZ968 UT WOS:A1992GZ96800047 PM 1346044 ER PT J AU CLARKE, AM CLARKE, ADB AF CLARKE, AM CLARKE, ADB TI AUTISM AND ASPERGER SYNDROME - FRITH,U SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV HULL,DEPT PSYCHOL,HULL HU6 7RX,N HUMBERSIDE,ENGLAND. RP CLARKE, AM (reprint author), UNIV HULL,DEPT EDUC,HULL HU6 7RX,N HUMBERSIDE,ENGLAND. CR Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 9 PY 1992 VL 355 IS 6356 BP 123 EP 123 DI 10.1038/355123a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GY629 UT WOS:A1992GY62900045 ER PT J AU DARBY, JK CLARK, L AF DARBY, JK CLARK, L TI AUTISM SYNDROME AS A FINAL COMMON PATHWAY OF BEHAVIORAL EXPRESSION FOR MANY ORGANIC DISORDERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter CR CARTER DK, 1973, AM J MENT DEFIC, V78, P39 DARBY JK, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01537911 DE SANCTIS C, 1958, Z Kinderpsychiatr, V25, P169 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 149 IS 1 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GX040 UT WOS:A1992GX04000057 PM 1558562 ER PT J AU RITVO, ER RITVO, R AF RITVO, ER RITVO, R TI AUTISM SYNDROME AS A FINAL COMMON PATHWAY OF BEHAVIORAL EXPRESSION FOR MANY ORGANIC DISORDERS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter CR ORNITZ EM, 1965, AM J PSYCHIAT, V122, P419 ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P76 RITVO ER, 1976, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS CUR NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 149 IS 1 BP 146 EP 147 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GX040 UT WOS:A1992GX04000058 ER PT J AU FREUND, LS REISS, AL HAGERMAN, R VINOGRADOV, S AF FREUND, LS REISS, AL HAGERMAN, R VINOGRADOV, S TI CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN OBLIGATE FEMALE CARRIERS OF THE FRAGILE X-CHROMOSOME SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; HETEROZYGOUS CARRIERS; EXPRESSION; DISABILITY; FREQUENCY; PHENOTYPE; AUTISM AB The relationship between fragility (the percentage of cells exhibiting the fragile X chromosome abnormality) and psychopathological conditions was investigated in a sample of 40 obligate female carriers of the fragile X chromosome. Subjects were categorized by those with positive fragility greater than 0% (n = 19) and those with 0% fragility (n = 21). Compared with women with 0% fragility, it was expected that women with positive fragility would have a higher likelihood of manifesting a spectrum of social and psychological disability previously shown to be associated with fragile X syndrome in women. It was also expected that within the group with positive fragility, degree of fragility would be related to severity of symptoms. Results partially supported the hypotheses: women with fragility over 0% were more likely to be assigned a diagnosis of schizotypal features, were rated higher on symptoms associated with the schizophrenia spectrum, and scored lower on IQ, level of healthiest functioning, education, and socioeconomic status than women with 0% fragility. Subsequent comparisons with a control group indicated that the group with 0% fragility and normal controls did not differ on these variables. Within the group with positive fragility, increasing fragility was related to greater severity of symptoms and lower IQ, education, socioeconomic status, and levels of adaptive functioning, as predicted. Contrary to expectations, positive fragility was not associated with proportion of affective disorder diagnoses or ratings on affective disorder symptoms. The results of the study provide evidence that degree of fragility is a potentially important predictor of psychopathology among women with normal IQ who are carriers of the fragile X chromosome abnormality. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80262. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP FREUND, LS (reprint author), KENNEDY INST,BEHAV GENET UNIT,ROOM 507,550 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. 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Gen. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GY800 UT WOS:A1992GY80000006 PM 1728251 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, W AF PHILLIPS, W TI AUTISM - PROFESSIONAL PERSPECTIVES AND PRACTICE - ELLIS,K SO BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY LA English DT Book Review CR Ellis K, 1990, AUTISM PROFESSIONAL NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0005-7967 J9 BEHAV RES THER JI Behav. Res. Ther. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1 BP 88 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90124-Y PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA GU647 UT WOS:A1992GU64700036 ER PT J AU TURK, J AF TURK, J TI THE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - ON THE WAY TO A BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME; NORTHERN SWEDISH COUNTY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MACRO-ORCHIDISM; PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE; COGNITIVE PROFILES; HUMAN-CHROMOSOMES; FEMALE CARRIERS AB The fragile-X syndrome accounts for up to 10% of individuals with mental handicap, and 50% of cases of X-linked mental retardation. Knowledge of the genetic basis of mental functioning, psychopathology, and neuropsychology is being furthered by this recently recognised condition. The disorder has considerable significance for psychiatrists, particularly, but by no means exclusively, those working in the field of mental handicap and with children. This review outlines the slow clarification of this complex and important behavioural phenotype and the implications of these advances for identification, diagnosis, genetic counselling and a wide range of management interventions. RP TURK, J (reprint author), INST CHILD HLTH,ACAD DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,30 GUILFORD ST,LONDON WC1N 1EH,ENGLAND. 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J. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1992 VL 160 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1192/bjp.160.1.24 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HB182 UT WOS:A1992HB18200004 PM 1544010 ER PT J AU HODAPP, RM YOUNG, KT AF HODAPP, RM YOUNG, KT TI MATERNAL EMOTIONAL-REACTIONS TO THE PREMATURE-INFANT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FAMILY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE-REVUE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES DU COMPORTEMENT LA English DT Article ID MOTHERS; PARENTS; CHILDREN; ADJUSTMENT; ADAPTATION; HANDICAPS; SUPPORT; AUTISM; STRESS; IMPACT AB This study examined maternal emotional reactions to the birth and early development of premature infants and whether such reactions are influenced by specific social support variables. Extensive clinical notes on 22 mothers were coded at 7 points throughout the first 14 months of the premature infant's life. Mothers were rated on 13 general psychological characteristics common to "maternal mourning reactions" of mothers of handicapped and at-risk children. Mothers of premature infants experienced shorter adverse reactions than previously reported for mothers of other types of disabled children; in addition, the proposed three-stage model of maternal mourning (i.e., shock; emotional disorganization; emotional organization) did not appear to characterize this sample. Mothers with supportive spouses and close friends experienced less severe emotional reactions, as did mothers whose husbands were looking forward to becoming fathers. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. RP HODAPP, RM (reprint author), YALE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOX 11A,YALE STN,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR AFFLECK G, 1985, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V10, P293, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/10.3.293 AFFLECK G, 1989, CHILD DEV, V50, P488 BLACHER J, 1984, MENT RETARD, V22, P55 BLAKE A, 1975, PARENT INFANT INTERA, V33, P271 BRISTOL MM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P469, DOI 10.1007/BF01486964 BRISTOL MM, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P441, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.441 Bronfenbrenner U, 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV CICCHETTI D, 1981, AM J MENT DEFIC, V85, P127 Coxon A.P.M., 1982, USERS GUIDE MULTIDIM CRNIC KA, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P209, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00350.x EDENPIERCY GVS, 1986, MENT RETARD, V24, P285 HODAPP RM, 1988, PARENT CHILD INTERAC, P32 HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 KAPLAN DM, 1960, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V30, P539 Klaus MH, 1976, MATERNAL INFANT BOND KOPP CB, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V2, P1081 MINDE K, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P763 MINDE K, IN PRESS PSYCHOL DEV MINDE K, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P391 MINDE K, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V112, P136, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80140-9 MINDE KK, 1984, FRONTIERS INFANT PSY, V2, P160 MINDE KK, 1980, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V19, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60649-X MINDE KK, 1984, CLIN PERINATOL, V11, P227 MINNES PN, 1989, INT REV RES MENT RET, V15, P195 Sameroff AJ, 1975, REV CHILD DEV RES, P187 SIGAL JJ, 1974, CHILD HIS FAMILY CHI, P415 Sigel I. E., 1985, PARENTAL BELIEF SYST SOLNIT A, 1961, PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY, V15, P523 TRAUSE MA, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P459 WATERS E, 1985, APR BIENN M SOC RES WIKLER L, 1981, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V51, P63 YOUNG KT, 1988, THESIS YALE U NEW HA YOUNG KT, 1991, CONT CONSTRUCTIONS C, P79 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 PU CANADIAN PSYCHOL ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 205, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0008-400X J9 CAN J BEHAV SCI JI Can. J. Behav. Sci.-Rev. Can. Sci. Comport. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1037/h0078694 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA HG752 UT WOS:A1992HG75200003 ER PT J AU PORTER, B GOLDSTEIN, E GALIL, A CAREL, C AF PORTER, B GOLDSTEIN, E GALIL, A CAREL, C TI DIAGNOSING THE STRANGE CHILD SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; AUTISM AB The diagnosis of children with a spectrum of autistic features, who do not qualify for the diagnosis of classical autism, has increased during the past decade. A case is reported of an 8-year-old child originally diagnosed as learning disabled with attention disorders and hyperactivity, who was later diagnosed as having an autistic spectrum disorder when abnormalities of social interaction and play activity became more obvious. The frequency of learning and attention problems in school-age children may obscure more significant psychiatric pathologies, such as autistic disorders. Improved awareness of disorders of social functioning and play activity in the school-age child and use of screening tools may lead to earlier detection, definitive diagnosis and treatment for these children. In addition, assessments from multiple sources, i.e. the school, the home and the clinic, are needed in the diagnostic process. Periodic reevaluations of the school-age child with problem behaviour are necessary to insure that more significant pathologies, which were not clear on initial evaluation, are diagnosed at the earliest opportunity. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT EDUC,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RP PORTER, B (reprint author), SOROKA UNIV HOSP,ZUSMAN CHILD DEV CTR,DIV PEDIAT,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BOWMAN EP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P377, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.377 CANTWELL DP, 1987, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V8, P159 DENCKLA MB, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60229-6 GILBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P271 GILBERG C, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631 GILBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCH PSYCHI, V31, P99 Howlin P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C KERBESHIAN J, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P731, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.6.731 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SIEGEL B, 1988, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V9, P199 TANGUAY PE, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P854, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00002 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-1862 J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV JI Child Care Health Dev. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 18 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1992.tb00340.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Pediatrics GA GY847 UT WOS:A1992GY84700005 PM 1555266 ER PT J AU BRUNEAU, N GARREAU, B DOURNEAU, MC BARTHELEMY, C POURCELOT, L LELORD, G AF BRUNEAU, N GARREAU, B DOURNEAU, MC BARTHELEMY, C POURCELOT, L LELORD, G TI ABNORMALITIES OF CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION TO AUDITORY-STIMULATION IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AS ASSESSED BY TRANSCRANIAL PULSED DOPPLER SO COMPTES RENDUS DES SEANCES DE LA SOCIETE DE BIOLOGIE ET DE SES FILIALES LA French DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BLOOD-FLOW; BRAIN; ASYMMETRIES; METABOLISM AB Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonographic recordings of the middle cerebral arteries were performed on children with autistic behavior (AUT), compared to retarded children without autistic behavior (NON-AUT) and normal children (NOR). Blood flow measurements (resistance index) were performed at rest and during auditory stimulations. Compared to NOR and NON-AUT, significant differences of the resistance index were found in AUT on the left side, thus suggesting differences in metabolic mechanisms evoked by auditory stimulations. This result confirms the hypothesis of abnormal development of cerebral lateralization in autism. RP BRUNEAU, N (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,2 BLVD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR AASLID R, 1987, STROKE, V18, P771 Aaslid R, 1986, TRANCRANIAL DOPPLER BLACKSTOCK EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01539636 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 BRUNEAU N, 1987, ELECTROENCEPHALO S40, V40, P609 CONRAD B, 1989, EXP BRAIN RES, V77, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF00275003 DAWSON G, 1982, BRAIN LANG, V15, P353, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(82)90065-7 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 HIER DB, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531531 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 LELORD G, 1986, Encephale, V12, P71 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 Pourcelot L., 1976, PRESENT FUTURE DIAGN, P141 PRIOR MR, 1979, CORTEX, V15, P73 ROSENBLOOM S, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P72, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00010 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 SHERMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P439, DOI 10.1007/BF02409835 TANGUAY PE, 1976, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS CUR, P75 TSAI LY, 1983, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V18, P317 ZILBOVICIUS M, IN PRESS AM J PSYCHI 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0037-9026 J9 CR SOC BIOL PY 1992 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA JE617 UT WOS:A1992JE61700012 PM 1450987 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, W BARONCOHEN, S RUTTER, M AF PHILLIPS, W BARONCOHEN, S RUTTER, M TI THE ROLE OF EYE CONTACT IN GOAL DETECTION - EVIDENCE FROM NORMAL INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH AUTISM OR MENTAL HANDICAP SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB One reason for looking at a person's eyes may be to diagnose their goal, because a person's eye direction reliably specifies what they are likely to act upon next. We report an experiment that investigates whether or not young normal infants use eye contact for this function. We placed them in situations in which the adult's action toward them was either ambiguous or unambiguous in its goal. Results showed that the majority of normal infants and young children with mental handicap made instant eye contact immediately following the ambiguous action but rarely after the unambiguous action. Young children with autism, in contrast, made eye contact equally (little) in both conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the function of eye contact, to our understanding of infant cognition, and to the theory of mind hypothesis of autism. C1 UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP PHILLIPS, W (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARGYLE M., 1972, PSYCHOL INTERPERSONA ASTINGTON J, 1991, SOC RES CHILD DEV C BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS UNDERSTANDI Baron-Cohen S., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P233 Bettelheim B, 1968, EMPTY FORTRESS Cicchetti D., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P329, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400005757 FEINMAN S, 1982, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V28, P445 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 MANDLER J, 1991, APR SOC RES CHILD DE MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01531588 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x PREMACK D, 1990, COGNITION, V36, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90051-K Reddy V., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P143 RICHER J, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P47 Rutter D. R., 1984, LOOKING SEEING ROLE Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x Tinbergen N., 1983, AUTISTIC CHILDREN NE Volkmar F. R., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000596 NR 21 TC 126 Z9 129 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PY 1992 VL 4 IS 3 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA JY061 UT WOS:A1992JY06100003 ER PT J AU ROSE, JC LINCOLN, AJ ALLEN, MH AF ROSE, JC LINCOLN, AJ ALLEN, MH TI ABILITY PROFILES OF DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDERED AND LEARNING-DISABLED CHILDREN - A COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID READING-DISABILITY; WISC-R; DYSLEXIA; AUTISM; MEMORY AB Developmental language disorder (DLD) children and learning-disabled (LD) children were classified into subtypes. These subtype classifications were based on the child's Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R) profile of Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic standard scores. Such subtyping resulted in both groups of children being predominantly classified with globally impaired reading, spelling, and arithmetic disabilities. Although both groups of these globally impaired children demonstrated similar degrees of reading, spelling, and arithmetic disability. they differed markedly from each other on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) verbal subtests. The DLD children were significantly more impaired than the LD children on WISC-R Verbal subtests. Additionally, there was an atypical pattern of correlation between WISC-R Verbal subtests for the DLD children. These findings suggest that DLD and LD children with globally impaired reading, spelling, and arithmetic skill differ markedly in terms of their underlying intellectual abilities and language development. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,8001 FROST ST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. CALIF SCH PROFESS PSYCHOL,FRESNO,CA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DSM III R DIAGN STAT Bannatyne A., 1971, LANGUAGE READING LEA BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BAUER RH, 1979, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V27, P365, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(79)90029-8 BAUER RH, 1975, J EXPT CHILD PSYCHOL, V24, P415 CECI SJ, 1981, J LEARN DISABIL, V14, P159 COHEN RL, 1982, INT REV RES MENT RET, V11, P43, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60289-X DOERING DG, 1977, CORTEX, V13, P281 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Fletcher J., 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LEAR, P187 FLETCHER JM, 1985, J EXPT CHILD PSYCHOL, V40, P224 Jastak S, 1984, WIDE RANGE ACHIEVEME KAUFMAN AS, 1975, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V43, P135, DOI 10.1037/h0076502 KAUFMAN AS, 1986, J LEARN DISABIL, V19, P145 KINSBOURNE M, 1986, DYSLEXIA ITS NEUROPS, P149 LINCOLN A, IN PRESS BRAIN LANGU LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 MANN VA, 1988, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V56, P811 MATTIS S, 1975, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V17, P150 MORRIS R, 1986, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V8, P371, DOI 10.1080/01688638608401328 PETRAUSKAS R J, 1979, Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, V1, P17, DOI 10.1080/01688637908401095 Rourke B. P., 1983, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, P473 Rourke B.P., 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LEAR ROURKE BP, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF00915788 STARK RE, 1984, ANN DYSLEXIA, V34, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF02663613 STARK RE, 1983, J PSYCHOL, V114, P9 TALLAL P, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P19 VELLUTINO FR, 1987, SCI AM, V256, P34 WATSON BU, 1983, J CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V5, P377, DOI 10.1080/01688638308401186 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WYKE MA, 1979, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V17, P231, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(79)90013-7 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 8756-5641 J9 DEV NEUROPSYCHOL JI Dev. Neuropsychol. PY 1992 VL 8 IS 4 BP 413 EP 426 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA KE528 UT WOS:A1992KE52800005 ER PT J AU MARTINEAU, J ROUX, S ADRIEN, JL GARREAU, B BARTHELEMY, C LELORD, G AF MARTINEAU, J ROUX, S ADRIEN, JL GARREAU, B BARTHELEMY, C LELORD, G TI ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENT ABILITIES TO FORM CROSS-MODAL ASSOCIATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC BEHAVIOR SO ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CROSS-MODAL ASSOCIATION; EVOKED POTENTIALS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; VARIABILITY ID MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; AVERAGED EVOKED-RESPONSES; ORIENTING RESPONSE; COUPLING SOUND; VARIABILITY; SCHIZOPHRENICS; POTENTIALS; MAGNESIUM; LIGHT AB This study evaluates the amplitudes of auditory evoked responses and the variability of evoked responses, using a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) method applied to individual evoked potential in a cross-modal (sound and light) association paradigm in 17 children with autistic behavior matched for sex and chronological age with normal children. Auditory evoked responses were smaller in children with autistic behavior than in normal children. The modifications of amplitudes and of SNR during cross-modal associations allowed the separation of children with autistic behavior into 3 subgroups who presented different patterns of ability to form cross-modal associations. These 3 subgroups of children presented different clinical profiles demonstrating that the differences observed in the ability to form cross-modal associations can be related to differences in the main psychophysiological functions such as attention, intention, motility, association, contact and communication. RP MARTINEAU, J (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR BARTHELEMY C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P263 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 Bergman P, 1949, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V3-4, P333 BERNSTEIN AS, 1981, J NERV MENT DIS, V169, P513, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198108000-00007 BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL 1 ENFANC BRYSON CO, 1970, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V31, P239 CALLAWAY E, 1973, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V34, P125, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(73)90039-4 CALLAWAY E, 1970, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V29, P421, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(70)90059-3 CALLAWAY E, 1972, MALNUTRITION BRAIN F, P87 CALLAWAY E, 1975, BRAIN ELECTRICAL POT COPPOLA R, 1978, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V44, P214, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(78)90267-5 COURCHESNE E, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P285 FRANKEL F, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P147, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb01727.x GESCHWIN.N, 1965, BRAIN, V88, P585, DOI 10.1093/brain/88.3.585 GESCHWIN.N, 1965, BRAIN, V88, P237, DOI 10.1093/brain/88.2.237 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS HARI R, 1982, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V54, P561, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(82)90041-4 HARTER MR, 1980, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V49, P461, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(80)90389-2 INDERBIT.LB, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V23, P438 JONES RT, 1966, AM J PSYCHIAT, V123, P639 LELORD G, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01531686 LELORD G, 1969, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V27, P270, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(69)90055-8 LELORD G, 1973, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V10, P415, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00799.x LELORD G, 1969, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V27, P258, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(69)90054-6 LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 MARTINEAU J, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF01486968 MARTINEAU J, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P721 MARTINEAU J, 1980, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V48, P140, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(80)90300-4 MARTINEAU J, 1984, INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL, V2, P177 MORTONEVANS A, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF01550278 NAATANEN R, 1987, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V24, P375, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00311.x NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 OCONNOR N, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON, P69 ORNITZ EM, 1968, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(68)90019-9 ROUX S, 1981, THESIS POITIERS SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SMALL JG, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM, P224 VANENGELAND H, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P261 1987, DIAGNOSIS STATISTICA NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0013-4694 J9 ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO JI Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/0013-4694(92)90183-I PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Clinical Neurology SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA GY302 UT WOS:A1992GY30200009 PM 1370145 ER PT J AU SANDISON, N AF SANDISON, N TI WORKING WITH AUTISM - ELLIS,K SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review RP SANDISON, N (reprint author), HARPER HOUSE CHILDRENS SERV,RADLETT,HERTS,ENGLAND. CR ELLIS K, 1990, WORKING AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WHURR PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA 19B COMPTON TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 2UN SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA JD082 UT WOS:A1992JD08200009 ER PT J AU GOURLAY, S AF GOURLAY, S TI THE HANDBOOK OF AUTISM - A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS - AARONS,M, GITTENS,T SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review C1 NATL HOSP,COLL SPEECH SCI,LONDON WC1N 3BG,ENGLAND. CR AARONS M, 1992, HDB AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WHURR PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA 19B COMPTON TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 2UN SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA JD082 UT WOS:A1992JD08200010 ER PT J AU TREVARTHEN, C AF TREVARTHEN, C TI AUTISM AS A DISORDER OF THE AFFECTIVE REGULATION OF COGNITIVE GROWTH SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV EDINBURGH,DEPT PSYCHOL,EDINBURGH CTR RES CHILD DEV,EDINBURGH EH8 9JZ,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0953-816X J9 EUR J NEUROSCI JI Eur. J. Neurosci. PY 1992 SU 5 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA KC682 UT WOS:A1992KC68200038 ER PT J AU DORNHEIM, L AF DORNHEIM, L TI COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT IN A BOY WITH AUTISM TYPE ASPERGER, A FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED UNIV LUBECK,NEUROPEDIAT CLIN,W-2400 LUBECK,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0953-816X J9 EUR J NEUROSCI JI Eur. J. Neurosci. PY 1992 SU 5 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA KC682 UT WOS:A1992KC68201071 ER PT J AU MORENO, H BORJAS, L ARRIETA, A SAEZ, L PRASSAD, A ESTEVEZ, J BONILLA, E AF MORENO, H BORJAS, L ARRIETA, A SAEZ, L PRASSAD, A ESTEVEZ, J BONILLA, E TI CLINICAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE AUTISTIC SYNDROME - A STUDY ON 60 FAMILIES SO INVESTIGACION CLINICA LA Spanish DT Article AB Sixty families ascertained through a single proband, has helped to better define infantil autism as a heterogeneous group of disorders. Forty four patients showed a characteristic facio- auricular dysplasia. Twenty four of these, showed increased pyruvate and lactate and laboratory findings of metabolic acidosis i.e., anion gap above 18 mEq/L or serum bicarbonate below 21 mEq/L but only nine of these probands demonstrated reduction of plasma bicarbonate below 18 mEq/lt. Plasma amino acids in 17 probands and matched controls showed increased taurine with the rest of amino acids significantly [p < 0.05] below the control level. Glutamante and aspartate were also significantly elevated [p < 0.05; Student t-test]. Segregation analysis in thirty four of these families which linked through at least one ancestral family name, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance [p= 0.20]. Three out of eight probands who received megadosis of piridoxine [Vitamin B6], subjectively gained in lenguage abilities, affectivity and response to conductual modification therapy. Five autistic patients proved to have clinically defined syndromes: two with the Martin-Bell syndrome, and three girls affected respectively with the Rett syndrome, phenylketonuria and dicarboxylic aciduria. RP MORENO, H (reprint author), UNIV ZULIA,FAC MED,UNIDAD GENET MED,MARACAIBO,VENEZUELA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 PU INST INVESTIGACION CLINICA PI MARACAIBO PA APARTADO 1151, MARACAIBO 4001-A, VENEZUELA SN 0535-5133 J9 INVEST CLIN PY 1992 VL 33 IS 1 BP 13 EP 31 PG 19 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA JF422 UT WOS:A1992JF42200003 PM 1391074 ER PT J AU MILADI, N LARNAOUT, A KAABACHI, N HELAYEM, M HAMIDA, MB AF MILADI, N LARNAOUT, A KAABACHI, N HELAYEM, M HAMIDA, MB TI PHENYLKETONURIA - AN UNDERLYING ETIOLOGY OF AUTISTIC SYNDROME - A CASE-REPORT SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A 3.5-year-old girl with an autistic syndrome was investigated, and classic phenylketonuria (PKU) was identified. The search for PKU was undertaken systematically as part of an essential work-up of children with autism. C1 FAC MED TUNIS,BIOCHEM LAB,TUNIS,TUNISIA. FAC MED TUNIS,SERV CHILD PSYCHIAT,TUNIS,TUNISIA. RP MILADI, N (reprint author), NATL INST NEUROL,TUNIS 1007,TUNISIA. CR Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO DHONDT JL, 1987, EUR J PEDIATR, V146, pA38, DOI 10.1007/BF00442055 DHONDT JL, 1986, ARCH FR PEDIATR, V43, P785 DHONDT J L, 1987, Archives Francaises de Pediatrie, V44, P655 DHONDT JL, 1984, J PEDIATR-US, V104, P501, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80537-5 GARREAU B, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02408559 GILBERG C, 1987, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, V29, P641 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 PERCY A, 1990, NEUROL CLIN, V8, P659 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 7 IS 1 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA HA304 UT WOS:A1992HA30400003 PM 1552146 ER PT J AU SIEG, KG AF SIEG, KG TI AUTISM AND EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter CR CUPO LN, 1981, AM J MED, V71, P1051, DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(81)90341-7 Fehlow P, 1985, Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz), V37, P215 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01487072 TANTAM D, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P892, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00008 NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 31 IS 1 BP 173 EP 173 DI 10.1097/00004583-199201000-00034 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA GZ437 UT WOS:A1992GZ43700034 PM 1537777 ER PT J AU KITATANI, T WATANABE, Y ZHANG, XQ SHIBUYA, T AF KITATANI, T WATANABE, Y ZHANG, XQ SHIBUYA, T TI MECHANISM OF CENTRAL ACTION OF PENTOXIFYLLINE ON THE SEROTONERGIC NEURON IN MICE USING A BEHAVIORAL-MODEL, THE HEAD-TWITCH RESPONSE SO NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE PENTOXIFYLLINE; 5,7-DHT; P-CPA; PAROXETINE; HEAD-TWITCH RESPONSE; MICE ID RAT-BRAIN; PAROXETINE; INHIBITOR; AUTISM; PCA AB The mechanism of the central action of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the serotonergic neuron was investigated in mice using a behavioral model, the 5-HT2-mediated head-twitch response. In mice pretreated with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), PTX itself hardly elicited head-twitches but potentiated the responses induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). In pargyline-pretreated animals, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, suppressed the enhancing effect of PTX on the 5-HTP-induced responses but paroxetine, the selective reuptake inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), increased the potentiating effect of PTX. In contrast, p-CPA and paroxetine failed to modify the effect of PTX in 5,7-DHT lesioned mice. The above results suggest that PTX has no direct effect on the postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors but activates the synthesis of 5-HT and/or inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT in the presynaptic neurons in the brain. C1 HOECHST JAPAN LTD,PHARMA RES LABS,KAWAGOE,SAITAMA,JAPAN. RP KITATANI, T (reprint author), TOKYO MED COLL,DEPT PHARMACOL,6-1-1 SHINJUKU,SHINJUKU KU,TOKYO 160,JAPAN. CR CARDINALI DP, 1977, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V16, P785, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(77)90138-1 CARDINALI DP, 1978, EUR J PHARMACOL, V47, P239, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(78)90397-7 DESOUZA EB, 1987, SYNAPSE, V1, P488, DOI 10.1002/syn.890010513 EIDE PK, 1988, ACTA PHYSIOL SCAND, V134, P291, DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08491.x EIDE PK, 1988, BRAIN RES, V440, P42, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91157-2 GODFREY PP, 1988, J NEUROCHEM, V50, P730, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02975.x HIRASE F, 1979, Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, V4, P323 KITATANI T, 1985, FOLIA PHARMACOL JPN, V86, P353, DOI 10.1254/fpj.86.353 LASSEN JB, 1978, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V57, P151, DOI 10.1007/BF00426880 LAUNAY JM, 1988, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V20, P1, DOI 10.1159/000118465 MINDERAA RB, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02212724 SOGAME S, 1978, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V19, P137 WARD A, 1987, DRUGS, V34, P50, DOI 10.2165/00003495-198734010-00003 WATANABE Y, 1983, FOLIA PHARMACOL JPN, V81, P365, DOI 10.1254/fpj.81.365 YAMAMOTO T, 1989, FOLIA PHARMACOL JPN, V94, P189, DOI 10.1254/fpj.94.189 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0893-6609 J9 NEUROSCI RES COMMUN JI Neurosci. Res. Commun. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HD229 UT WOS:A1992HD22900001 ER PT J AU ERNST, M MAGEE, HJ GONZALEZ, NM LOCASCIO, JJ ROSENBERG, CR CAMPBELL, M AF ERNST, M MAGEE, HJ GONZALEZ, NM LOCASCIO, JJ ROSENBERG, CR CAMPBELL, M TI PIMOZIDE IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DOUBLE-BLIND; HALOPERIDOL; DYSKINESIA; EFFICACY; TARDIVE; PLACEBO; TRIAL AB This open pilot study explored the efficacy and safety of pimozide, over a 3-week period, in hospitalized autistic children. Eight males, ages 4.2 to 8.3 years, completed the study. Intellectual functioning ranged from moderate to profound mental retardation. Symptoms included severe withdrawal, stereotypies, hyperactivity and/or hypoactivity, aggressiveness, and temper tantrums. Therapeutic dally doses of pimozide ranged from 3.0 mg to 6.0 mg with a mean of 4.9 mg (0.12-0.32 mg/kg; mean, 0.22). Laboratory studies including electrocardiogram and liver function tests remained within normal limits. Untoward effects were minimal and transient. Decreases of behavioral symptoms were evidenced on all measures including the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions, and Global Clinical Judgments Scale (consensus rating). Of the 5 hypoactive children, 4 showed a decrease in hypoactivity, whereas 1 child showed worsening. These findings are promising and indicate the need for further study. C1 NYU MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NYU,SCH MED,DEPT ENVIRONM MED,NEW YORK,NY 10003. CR CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P640, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61017-7 ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 CAMPBELL M, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P1225 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P130 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P269, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198805000-00001 CAMPBELL M, 1989, TREATMENTS PSYCHIAT, V1, P179 CAMPBELL M, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P650 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1047 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 CHOUINARD G, 1982, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V76, P13, DOI 10.1007/BF00430747 FEINBERG SS, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V49, P235 FISH B, 1970, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V6, P12 FREEMAN H, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V135, P82, DOI 10.1192/bjp.135.1.82 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS GOULD RJ, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P5122, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.16.5122 GUY W, 1976, DHEW ADM76338 PUBL MALONE RP, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V27, P113 NARUSE H, 1982, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V48, P173 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 ROSS MS, 1978, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P585 Terman L. M., 1973, STANFORD BINET INTEL 1987, DSM 3 R DIAGNOSTIC S 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1992 VL 28 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA JG201 UT WOS:A1992JG20100012 PM 1513923 ER PT J AU OSMAN, OT LOSCHEN, EL AF OSMAN, OT LOSCHEN, EL TI SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR IN THE DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED - PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME; NEUROLEPTIC-INDUCED AKATHISIA; BETA-ENDORPHIN; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DOWNS-SYNDROME; DOUBLE-BLIND; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; ABUSIVE BEHAVIOR; NALTREXONE AB The current status of pharmacological treatments of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and aggression in persons with mental retardation and autism was reviewed in the literature. Much of the existing literature is derived from anecdotal clinical experience, with a relative lack of well-controlled studies to determine the efficacy of different treatments. Although all psychotropics have been used to manage SIB and aggression, particularly promising are the data on the use of opioid antagonists like naltrexone. Beta-blockers may also have some role, but more controlled, systematic studies are needed. Use of neuroleptics is on the decline because of their adverse effects, such as tardive dyskinesia and possible impairment of cognitive functions. We assert that the behavioral problems of SIB and aggression are at times manifestations of different psychiatric syndromes. They present in a modified, atypical form in the developmentally disabled population because of cognitive limitations. Further understanding and classification of the psychopathology associated with this behavior is essential for its successful treatment. RP OSMAN, OT (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,751 N RUTLEDGE,POB 19230,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62794, USA. 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Dev. Disabil. PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0891-4222(92)90037-7 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA HL516 UT WOS:A1992HL51600002 PM 1585026 ER PT J AU TORREY, EF AF TORREY, EF TI ARE WE OVERESTIMATING THE GENETIC CONTRIBUTION TO SCHIZOPHRENIA SO SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NATIONWIDE SERIES; PAIRS; CONCORDANCE; AUTISM; DISORDERS; REGISTRY; FAMILY AB That genetic factors contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia is no longer debated; the nature and magnitude of that contribution, however, are still open for discussion. In this article, concordance rates for twin studies of schizophrenia are reviewed as one means of assessing the magnitude of the genetic contribution. 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Psikhiatrii Im. S S Korsakova PY 1992 VL 92 IS 2 BP 118 EP 122 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry GA HX043 UT WOS:A1992HX04300037 PM 1326154 ER PT J AU RIBAS, D AF RIBAS, D TI UNREPRESENTABLES IN EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM SO REVUE FRANCAISE DE PSYCHANALYSE LA French DT Article DE AUTISM; UNREPRESENTABLE; SYMBOLIZATION; DRIVE; BLACK HOLE; AESTHETIC OBJECT AB The clinic of infantile autism confronts the unrepresentable, that which the infant tragically suffers from and that which he represents for the analyst. An account of an autistic child, published by his mother, illustrates this (<< The Cannibal Little Prince >> by Francoise Lefevre). The aid to our failing capacities for figuration which we owe to the post-kleinian authors Bion, Tustin and Meltzer also leads us to pose many questions. These are metapsychological, but we must be alert to the temptation for mystical idealization of non-thinking. CR BERQUEZ G, 1983, AUTISME INFANTILE IN BICK E, 1968, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V49, P484 DUSEUIL, 1989, TROU NOIR PSYCHE, P52 Green A., 1990, FOLIE PRIVEE GROTSTEIN JS, 1991, RFP, V4 GROTSTEIN JS, 1991, REV FRANCAISE PSYCHA, V55, P863 LEFEVRE F, 1990, PETIT PRINCE CANNIBA MALTZER D, 1975, EXPLORATIONS MONDE A Meltzer D, 1988, APPREHENSION BEAUTY RIBAS D, 1989, REV FRANCAISE PSYCHA, V53, P1112 RIBAS D, 1992, UN CRI OBSCUR ENIGME RIBAS D, 1989, REV FR PSYCHANAL, V53, P669 Tustin F., 1989, TROU NOIR PSYCHE MONOGRAPHIE RFP NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0035-2942 J9 REV FR PSYCHANAL JI Rev. Fr. Psychanal. PD JAN-FEB PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 149 EP 157 PG 9 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA HZ060 UT WOS:A1992HZ06000012 ER PT J AU HINTON, VJ BROWN, WT WISNIEWSKI, K RUDELLI, RD AF HINTON, VJ BROWN, WT WISNIEWSKI, K RUDELLI, RD TI ANALYSIS OF NEOCORTEX IN 3 MALES WITH THE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MORPHOMETRY; GOLGI; MENTAL RETARDATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY; SEX CHROMOSOME; DENDRITIC SPINE; NEUROPATHOLOGY ID HUMAN CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; DOWNS-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SENILE DEMENTIA; LOBULE-VII; AUTISM; GOLGI; ABNORMALITIES AB Fragile X [fraX] syndrome is a common hereditary disorder associated with a fragile site marker at Xq27.3 which clinically presents as a form of mental retardation (MR). Postmortem investigation of 3 fraX positive males with mild to moderate MR did not document any gross neuropathological changes. Golgi analysis of neocortical dendritic spine morphology extended our previous observations of immature, long, tortuous spines in one adult case of fraX (Rudelli, et al., Acta Neuropathologica 67:289-295, 1985) to 2 new cases. Evidence for similar dendritic spine abnormalities was found, although Golgi analysis was less than optimal because of incomplete dendritic stain impregnation. Neocortical intra-layer cell density was also investigated in all 3 cases. Cresyl violet stained neurons were counted in 10 randomly selected fields in neocortical layers II-VI of cingulate and temporal association areas (Brodmann's areas 23 and 38). Neuron counts in fraX and control neocortex showed no significant differences. Thus, abnormal dendritic spine morphology with preservation of neuronal density appears to characterize the neocortex in individuals with this common form of mental retardation. C1 NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABILITIES,1050 FOREST HILL RD,STATEN ISL,NY 10314. CUNY QUEENS COLL,FLUSHING,NY 11367. CUNY,GRAD SCH,NEW YORK,NY 10021. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,CORNELL UNIV MED COLL,DIV HUMAN GENET,DEPT PEDIAT,MANHASSET,NY 11030. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,CORNELL UNIV MED COLL,CSI IBR CTR DEV NEUROSCI,MANHASSET,NY 11030. CR BALL MJ, 1980, ANN NEUROL, V7, P462, DOI 10.1002/ana.410070512 BROWN WT, 1986, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V477, P129, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb40329.x BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 CAVINESS VS, 1983, CURATIVE ASPECTS MEN, P43 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GINGOLD M, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P454 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HINTON VJ, 1989, 19TH SOC NEUR ANN M, P96 HUTTENLO.PR, 1974, NEUROLOGY, V24, P203 JENKINS EC, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P215, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170114 KLINGER HP, 1972, CYTOGENETICS, V11, P424, DOI 10.1159/000130208 MANN DMA, 1985, J NEUROL SCI, V69, P139, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(85)90129-7 MARINPAD.M, 1972, BRAIN RES, V44, P625, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90324-1 MARINPADILLA M, 1976, J COMP NEUROL, V167, P63, DOI 10.1002/cne.901670105 MARINPAD.M, 1974, BRAIN RES, V66, P375, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90054-7 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 NEARY D, 1986, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V49, P229, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.49.3.229 NIELSEN KB, 1983, J MENT DEFIC RES, V27, P211 OPITZ JM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P1, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230102 PURPURA DP, 1974, SCIENCE, V186, P1126, DOI 10.1126/science.186.4169.1126 PURPURA DP, 1977, INTRAUTERINE ASPHYXI, P349 RALL W, 1973, CELLULAR MECHANISMS, P13 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 RHOADS FA, 1982, PEDIATRICS, V69, P668 ROSS MH, 1984, NEUROLOGY, V34, P309 RUDELLI RD, 1985, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V67, P289 RUDELLI RD, 1983, LANCET, V1, P1222 RUDELLI RD, 1983, LANCET, V1, P1223 SUETSUGU M, 1980, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V50, P207 SUTHERLAND GR, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P266 SUTHERLAND GR, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P265, DOI 10.1126/science.877551 TAKASHIMA S, 1981, BRAIN RES, V225, P1, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90314-0 TERRY RD, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V10, P184, DOI 10.1002/ana.410100209 VEENEMA H, 1987, J MED GENET, V24, P23, DOI 10.1136/jmg.24.1.23 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P476, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380267 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P665, DOI 10.1002/ana.410180607 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1986, NEUROBIOLOGY DOWN SY, P29 NR 39 TC 298 Z9 299 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 1 PY 1991 VL 41 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320410306 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR231 UT WOS:A1991GR23100005 PM 1724112 ER PT J AU VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ AF VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ TI COMORBID ASSOCIATION OF AUTISM AND SCHIZOPHRENIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHRENIA; PSYCHOSES; CLASSIFICATION; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN AB Objective: In the last several decades, considerable evidence has suggested that autism and schizophrenia are unrelated. However, recent reports have suggested that individuals with autism may be at greater risk for schizophrenia and that the conditions may be more closely related than generally believed. Method: The authors examined detailed case records of 163 adolescents and adults with well-documented histories of autism. These cases included 139 males and 24 females. Results: Only one individual had an unequivocal history of schizophrenia. Conclusions: If the present study group is taken to be representative, it appears that the frequency of schizophrenia among autistic patients (0.6%) is roughly comparable to the frequency of schizophrenia in the general population. It does not appear that the two conditions are more commonly observed together than would be expected on a chance basis; therefore, the current (DSM-III-R) approach to dual diagnosis of these conditions appears reasonable. RP VOLKMAR, FR (reprint author), YALE UNIV,CTR CHILD STUDY,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR BENDER L, 1947, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V17, P40 BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P347, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00012 CANTOR S, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P758 CLARKE DJ, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P692 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P381, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.381 KYDD RR, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF01538322 Lord C., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU PETTY LK, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P129 ROBINS LN, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P949 RUTTER M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01537622 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb01758.x VOLKMAR FR, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P191 NR 15 TC 115 Z9 117 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 148 IS 12 BP 1705 EP 1707 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GR842 UT WOS:A1991GR84200011 PM 1957933 ER PT J AU FILTEAU, MJ POURCHER, E BOUCHARD, RH BARUCH, P MATHIEU, J BEDARD, F SIMARD, N VINCENT, P AF FILTEAU, MJ POURCHER, E BOUCHARD, RH BARUCH, P MATHIEU, J BEDARD, F SIMARD, N VINCENT, P TI CORPUS-CALLOSUM AGENESIS AND PSYCHOSIS IN ANDERMANN SYNDROME SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBELLAR ATROPHY; AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA; PATHOLOGY; AUTISM; POSTMORTEM AB Recent illustrations by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging of anomalies of the corpus callosum in schizophrenics have kindled renewed interest in this association. We studied 62 patients affected by the Andermann syndrome, a polymalformative familial syndrome combining frequent congenital corpus callosum agenesis, mental retardation, psychotic episodes, peripheral neuropathy, and some dysmorphic features. Twenty of 62 patients presenting with psychosis were compared with 20 nonpsychotic patients matched according to sex and age. The psychotic patients presented an atypical psychosis as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, beginning in postadolescence. No significant relationship was observed between corpus callosum agenesis and psychosis. However, a significant association between posterior fossa atrophy and psychosis was established in our study. Although there are limitations in using crosssectional data for this purpose, the findings suggest an association between cerebellar anomalies and schizophrenialike syndrome and rule out an implication of developmental callosal defects in such psychiatric disorders. C1 UNIV LAVAL,CTR RECH,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. HOP HOTEL DIEU,QUEBEC CITY G1R 2J6,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP FILTEAU, MJ (reprint author), HOP ENFANTS JESUS,DEPT PSYCHIAT,UNITE NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL,1401 18EME RUE,QUEBEC CITY,QUEBEC,CANADA. 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Neurol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1275 EP 1280 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GZ420 UT WOS:A1991GZ42000022 PM 1668979 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, J AF SHIELDS, J TI SEMANTIC PRAGMATIC DISORDER - A RIGHT-HEMISPHERE SYNDROME SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Note DE SEMANTIC PRAGMATIC DISORDER; RIGHT HEMISPHERE; APHASIA ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; COMPREHENSION; LANGUAGE; BRAIN AB Following right hemisphere lesions, adults' speech can become copious and inappropriate, with abnormal prosody, and they may be unable to comprehend metaphor or humour. Their symptoms resemble those of children with semantic-pragmatic language disorder, who use fluent, grammatically complex language, but with poor sensitivity to the communicative situation. The hyperlexia found in some of these children reflects an underlying cognitive problem in integrating semantic information with knowledge of the world. Both groups of patients fail to comprehend inferential meaning or to make use of paralinguistic features, It is hypothesised that the disorders of communication and cognition found in semantic-pragmatic language disorder may be linked to right hemisphere dysfunction, but this has yet to be confirmed by research. C1 PONTEFRACT HLTH AUTHOR,DEPT SPEECH & LANGUAGE THERAPY,PONTEFRACT,ENGLAND. CR AURNHAMM.U, 1969, LANG SPEECH, V12, P29 Bates E., 1976, LANGUAGE CONTEXT ACQ Benton AL, 1979, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORDERS COM, V24, P231 BISHOP DVM, 1987, CLIN DEV MED, V101 BRYAN KL, 1988, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V23, P111 Code C., 1987, LANGUAGE APHASIA RIG CULLODEN M, 1986, PAPERS ADV WORKING L FEIN D, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P258, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.2.258 FOLDI NS, 1983, LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS B Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 Gardner H, 1975, SHATTERED MIND PERSO GARDNER H., 1983, COGNITIVE PROCESSING GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 HEILMAN KM, 1975, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V38, P69, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.38.1.69 HELMESTABROOKS N, 1983, COGNITIVE PROCESSING Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERMELIN B, 1971, J SPEC EDUC, V5, P107 HIRST W, 1984, BRAIN LANG, V23, P217 Hymes D., 1971, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Jackson J.H., 1958, SELECTED WRITINGS JH KRASHEN SD, 1981, 2ND LANGUAGE ACQUISI LAMENDELLA JT, 1979, TESOL QUART, V13, P5, DOI 10.2307/3585971 Luria A. R., 1973, THE WORKING BRAIN LURIA AR, 1974, BRAIN LANG, V1, P1, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(74)90022-4 MOSCOVITCH M, 1983, COGNITIVE PROCESSING MYERS PS, 1984, LANGUAGE DISORDERS A MYERS PS, 1981, CLIN APHASIOLOGY P C MYERS PS, 1978, CLIN APHASIOLOGY P C NEALE MM, 1958, NEALE ANAL READING A PRIOR MR, 1979, CORTEX, V15, P73 SELIGER HW, 1982, TESOL QUART, V16, P307, DOI 10.2307/3586630 SEMMES J, 1968, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V6, P11, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(68)90035-3 SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SPENCE L, 1989, FUNCTIONAL EVALUATIO Sperber D., 1986, RELEVANCE COMMUNICAT Springer S. P., 1989, LEFT BRAIN RIGHT BRA TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V2, P5, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000062X VOELLER KKS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1004 WEINTRAUB S, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P463 WINNER E, 1977, BRAIN, V100, P717, DOI 10.1093/brain/100.4.717 ZAIDEL E, 1978, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 PU COLLEGE SPEECH & LANGUAGE THERAPISTS PI LONDON PA 7 BATH PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC2A 3DR SN 0007-098X J9 BRIT J DISORD COMMUN PD DEC PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3 BP 383 EP 392 PG 10 WC Psychology; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA GY920 UT WOS:A1991GY92000011 PM 1814422 ER PT J AU GRIZENKO, N CVEJIC, H VIDA, S SAYEGH, L AF GRIZENKO, N CVEJIC, H VIDA, S SAYEGH, L TI BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS OF THE MENTALLY-RETARDED SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Article ID MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; RETARDATION; INDIVIDUALS; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; HANDICAP; ADULTS AB The behaviour profiles of 176 mentally retarded individuals from two reception centres and nine group homes were assessed. The correlations between behaviour and age, sex, degree of mental retardation, etiology of mental retardation and medical diagnosis were assessed using the Revised Child Behaviour Profile. The severity of behaviour disturbance did not vary with age or medical diagnosis. The moderately retarded subjects presented with more severe behaviour problems, such as aggression, than the severely mentally retarded subjects. The variable most predictive of behavioural problems was etiology of the disorder. Individuals with Down's syndrome had significantly fewer behaviour disturbances and those with autism and pervasive developmental disorder had significantly more behaviour disturbances than other subjects. A psychiatric disorder was found in 10.2% of the sample. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to public policy. C1 MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL GEN HOSP,MONTREAL H3G 1A4,QUEBEC,CANADA. DOUGLAS HOSP,MONTREAL,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP GRIZENKO, N (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DOUGLAS HOSP CTR,MONTREAL H3A 2T5,QUEBEC,CANADA. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1983, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 ANDO H, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF01531295 BERKSON G, 1985, MENT RETARD, V23, P31 BERKSON G, 1977, AM J MENT DEF, V81, P428 CHESS S, 1971, PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER CLARKE ADB, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P317 COONS WH, 1984, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V29, P263 CORBETT JA, 1979, PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS DONALDSON JY, 1977, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V16, P38, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61579-X DONOGHUE EC, 1971, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V13, P512 DUKER PC, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P51 EATON LF, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1297 EYMAN RK, 1969, AM J MENT DEFIC, V74, P651 EYMAN RK, 1977, AM J MENT DEF, V82, P137 Göstason R, 1985, Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, V318, P1 GUALTIERI CT, 1989, TASK FORCE REPORT AM, V1 HILL BK, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P380 LECK I, 1967, BRIT J PREV SOC MED, V21, P115 LUND J, 1985, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V72, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02655.x MACDONALD L, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P418 MAISTO CR, 1978, J MENT DEFIC RES, V22, P27 MENOLASC.FJ, 1972, MENT RETARD, V10, P3 MENOLASCINO FJ, 1988, MENTAL RETARDATION M MEYERS CE, 1979, HDB MENTAL DEFICIENC MOUCHKAFOSSUM SA, 1989, TASK FORCE REPORT AM, V1 NIHIRA K, 1974, ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR SC OFFORD DR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P832 PHILIPS I, 1975, AM J PSYCHIAT, V132, P1265 PRIMROSE DA, 1971, BRIT J MENT SUBNORM, V17, P25 REID AH, 1983, J ROY SOC MED, V76, P587 ROSS RT, 1972, AM J MENT DEF, V76, P545 SCHOEDER SR, 1978, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V8, P261 WILLIAMS CE, 1971, BRIT J MENT SUBNORM, V17, P29 WINDLE C, 1962, AM J MENTAL DEFICI S, V66, P1 WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01550280 WRIGHT EC, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V141, P496, DOI 10.1192/bjp.141.5.496 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 200, 237 ARGYLE AVE, OTTAWA ON K2P 1B8, CANADA SN 0706-7437 J9 CAN J PSYCHIAT JI Can. J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 36 IS 10 BP 712 EP 717 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GX856 UT WOS:A1991GX85600003 PM 1790515 ER PT J AU JURE, R RAPIN, I TUCHMAN, RF AF JURE, R RAPIN, I TUCHMAN, RF TI HEARING-IMPAIRED AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; FOLLOW-UP; PREVALENCE; ANOMALIES; INFANTS AB The charts of 46 children diagnosed as deaf and autistic were reviewed. Nearly one-fifth had normal or near-normal non-verbal intelligence and only one-fifth had severe mental deficiency. The severity of the autistic behavior was related to the severity of the mental deficiency, but not to that of the hearing loss. In 11 of the 46 children, autism went unrecognized for over four years after the diagnosis of hearing loss, and in 10 the hearing loss went unrecognized for several years after the diagnosis of autism. The educational experience of some children was generally disastrous because of the frequently late and incorrect diagnoses and the lack of specialized facilities for hearing-impaired autistic children. C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,SAUL R KOREY DEPT NEUROL,ROOM 807 KENNEDY,BRONX,NY 10461. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10461. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,ROSE F KENNEDY CTR RES MENTAL RETARDAT,BRONX,NY 10461. CR ALLEN DA, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS48 BODURTHA JN, 1988, OTOLOGIC MED SURG, P831 BONVILLIAN JD, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P125, DOI 10.1007/BF01531345 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 CHESS S, 1971, PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER CHONG J, 1988, OTOLOGIC MED SURGERY, P567 CLARKE BR, 1979, J AUD RES, V19, P277 DODGE PR, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V311, P869, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198410043111401 FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 GORLIN RJ, 1963, J PEDIATR-US, V63, P991, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(63)80233-4 HAYES RW, 1977, LANCET, V2, P767 Jones KL, 1988, SMITHS RECOGNIZABLE, V4th KLIN A, 1991, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE KLOEPFER HW, 1966, LARYNGOSCOPE, V76, P850 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P585, DOI 10.1007/BF01486973 LANDAU WM, 1957, NEUROLOGY, V7, P523 LANDTHALER G, 1975, ARCH FR PEDIATR, V32, P319 MARKOWITZ PI, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531564 NELLHAUS G, 1968, PEDIATRICS, V41, P106 NELSON KB, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P761 PAGON RA, 1981, J PEDIATR-US, V99, P223, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80454-4 PRIZANT BM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P316 RAPIN I, 1976, LARYNGOSCOPE, V86, P1469, DOI 10.1288/00005537-197610000-00003 RAPIN I, 1974, CLIN PEDIATR, V13, P922, DOI 10.1177/000992287401301103 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 RAPIN I, 1988, AM J DIS CHILD, V142, P1119 REYNOLDS DW, 1974, NEW ENGL J MED, V290, P291, DOI 10.1056/NEJM197402072900601 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 ROURKE LB, 1967, J PEDIATR, V70, P243 RUBEN RJ, 1988, OTOLOGIC MED SURGERY, P1665 SANDERS R, 1985, J OTOLARYNGOL, V14, P28 SCHAEFFER B, 1978, SIGN LANGUAGE STUDIE, V21, P317 SMITH DEP, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P53 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STEIN L, 1983, J PEDIATR-US, V103, P447, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(83)80426-0 STEWART AL, 1981, LANCET, V1, P1038 SUGIYAMA T, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02212720 Swartz M N, 1984, N Engl J Med, V311, P912, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198410043111409 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, IN PRESS PEDIATRICS WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WIZNITZER M, 1987, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V13, P41, DOI 10.1016/0165-5876(87)90006-1 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 42 TC 60 Z9 63 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1062 EP 1072 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA GR740 UT WOS:A1991GR74000005 PM 1778343 ER PT J AU RYDEBRANDT, B AF RYDEBRANDT, B TI DEFENSE STRATEGIES AND ANXIETY IN MOTHERS OF DISABLED-CHILDREN SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOWNS-SYNDROME; AUTISM; DEPRESSION AB The aim of this investigation was to study anxiety and defence strategies in mothers of children with different disabilities. Mothers of children with childhood psychosis, motor handicaps, or Down's syndrome were tested with a projective, percept-genetic technique, viz. the Mother-Child Picture Test (MCPT). Levels of anxiety were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). In mothers of psychotic children, the absence of anxiety was significantly associated with misinterpretations and/or failure to recognize the MCPT motif (a close relation between mother and child). This association was not found in the mothers of motor-handicapped children or children with Down's syndrome. The results suggest that, for mothers of psychotic children, the activation of defensive strategies is important to avoid feelings of anxiety evoked by the mother-child situation. For mothers of children with other chronic disabilities, for example, motor handicaps or Down's syndrome, low levels of anxiety may be experienced without the mobilization of strong defensive mechanisms. Different interpretations of the correlation between defence strategies and anxiety in the mothers of psychotic children are discussed. RP RYDEBRANDT, B (reprint author), UNIV LUND,DEPT PSYCHOL,PARADISGATAN 5P,S-22350 LUND,SWEDEN. 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PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1002/per.2410050504 PG 11 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA GY056 UT WOS:A1991GY05600003 ER PT J AU ABE, K ODA, N AF ABE, K ODA, N TI CONTRIBUTIONS OF GENETIC-STUDIES TO CLINICAL-PSYCHIATRY SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE TWIN STUDY; FAMILY STUDY; GENETIC FACTOR; PSYCHIATRIC NOSOLOGY; BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE STUDIES ID ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE-DEFICIENCY; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY; TWIN PAIRS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHROMOSOME-5; MARKERS; AUTISM; SLEEPWALKING AB Recent twin and family studies have demonstrated a genetic factor in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, some cases of infantile autism, enuresis, specific reading disability, sleepwalking, night terrors, common fears and anxiety. Family studies have been used to elucidate the nosological relationship of psychiatric disorders; e.g. anorexia nervosa (to affective disorder), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and sleeptalking. Advances in biochemical genetics and in enzyme polymorphisms suggest that there are wide individual variations in the adverse effects of drugs and that dosage should be tailored to the individual patient. Recently molecular genetic methods have been introduced to psychiatry, but a major breakthrough in this field appears to be still years away. RP ABE, K (reprint author), UNIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,DEPT PSYCHIAT,1-1 ISEIGAOKA,YAHATANISHI KU,KITAKYUSHU,FUKUOKA 807,JAPAN. CR ABE K, 1966, PSYCHIAT NEUROL, V152, P306 ABE K, 1984, ACTA GENET MED GEMEL, V33, P303 ABE K, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P800 BAKWIN H, 1971, AM J DIS CHILD, V121, P222 BAKWIN H, 1970, Lancet, V2, P446 BASSETT AS, 1988, LANCET, V1, P799 BLUM K, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V263, P2055, DOI 10.1001/jama.263.15.2055 CANTWELL DP, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1087 CRABB DW, 1989, J CLIN INVEST, V83, P314, DOI 10.1172/JCI113875 DEFRIES JC, 1978, BEHAV GENET, V8, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF01067700 EGELAND JA, 1987, NATURE, V325, P783, DOI 10.1038/325783a0 EVANS DAP, 1964, J LAB CLIN MED, V63, P394 EWING JA, 1974, AM J PSYCHIAT, V131, P206 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GARDNER GF, 1980, GENETICS, V96, P877 GERSHON ES, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1419 HARADA S, 1982, LANCET, V2, P827 HARADA S, 1981, LANCET, V2, P982 HOLLAND AJ, 1984, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V145, P414, DOI 10.1192/bjp.145.4.414 JUJI T, 1984, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V24, P316, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1984.tb02144.x KALES A, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P111, DOI 10.1192/bjp.137.2.111 KATZ JL, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P753 KELSOE JR, 1989, NATURE, V342, P238, DOI 10.1038/342238a0 KENDLER KS, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P213 KENNEDY JL, 1988, NATURE, V336, P167, DOI 10.1038/336167a0 KONOPKA RJ, 1971, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V68, P2112, DOI 10.1073/pnas.68.9.2112 LANGDON N, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1178 MIZOI Y, 1979, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V10, P303, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(79)90105-9 NURNBERGER JI, 1982, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V7, P163, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(82)90009-9 PRICE RA, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P815 RALPH MR, 1988, SCIENCE, V241, P1225, DOI 10.1126/science.3413487 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RIVINUS TM, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1414 SCHWEIZER PK, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P111 SHERRINGTON R, 1988, NATURE, V336, P164, DOI 10.1038/336164a0 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x STEVENSON J, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00207.x TORGERSEN S, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V134, P343, DOI 10.1192/bjp.134.4.343 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 PU FOLIA PUBL SOC PI TOKYO PA ACADEMIC SOCIETIES BLDG 2-4-16 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0912-2036 J9 JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR PD DEC PY 1991 VL 45 IS 4 BP 819 EP 823 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA HP122 UT WOS:A1991HP12200006 PM 1813677 ER PT J AU CHARLOP, MH TRASOWECH, JE AF CHARLOP, MH TRASOWECH, JE TI INCREASING AUTISTIC CHILDRENS DAILY SPONTANEOUS SPEECH SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; TIME DELAY; SPONTANEOUS SPEECH; LANGUAGE ID TIME-DELAY; LANGUAGE AB We investigated the effectiveness of teaching parents of 3 autistic boys to use a time delay procedure to increase their children's appropriate spontaneous speech in several naturally occurring daily settings (e.g., saying "good morning" in the morning). Generalization across settings and within settings across persons and locations was assessed. Variation in the children's spontaneous speech was also assessed. In addition procedural errors in the parents' use of time delay were calculated. Results indicated that all children increased their daily spontaneous speech and generalized their speech to other locations and persons. C1 CLAREMONT GRAD SCH,CLAREMONT,CA 91711. RP CHARLOP, MH (reprint author), CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,CLAREMONT,CA 91711, USA. CR CARR EG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P297, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-297 CHARLOP MH, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P155, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-155 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-307 CHARLOP MH, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P473 HALLE JW, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P431, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-431 KANNER L, 1949, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V19, P416 LOVAAS OI, 1966, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P115 MATSON JL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-227 SCHREIBMAN L, 1981, AUG AM PSYCH ASS ANN Skinner B. F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAVIOR STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 TOUCHETT.PE, 1971, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V15, P347, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1971.15-347 ZANE T, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P307 NR 13 TC 47 Z9 47 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 24 IS 4 BP 747 EP 761 DI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-747 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA GZ478 UT WOS:A1991GZ47800020 PM 1797777 ER PT J AU VANACKER, R AF VANACKER, R TI RETT SYNDROME - A REVIEW OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; POSTMORTEM BRAIN; KETOGENIC DIET; GIRLS; DISORDER; GENETICS; DEMENTIA AB Rett syndrome was first described in 1966 by Andreas Rett. To date, this syndrome has been reported only to afflict females. The disorder is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive and motor skills as well as the development of stereotypic hand movements, occurring after an apparently normal 6 to 18 months of development. Although Rett syndrome is thought to afflict as many as 10,000 girls in the United States, fewer than 1,200 have been identified thus far. A lack of awareness of this disorder is thought to play a critical role in the failure to differentially diagnose this syndrome. The present article presents a review of our current knowledge concerning this disorder. Information is provided related to the clinical manifestations, etiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, and treatment of the Rett syndrome. RP VANACKER, R (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL EDUC M-C147,BOX 4348,CHICAGO,IL 60680, USA. CR ADKINS WN, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P85 ALLEN DA, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS48 ARON M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P162 BANGS T, 1979, BIRTH 3 DEV SCALE BERKSON G, 1987, 3 APPROACHES UNDERST BRUCKE T, 1988, J NEUTRAL TRANSMISSI, V68, P315 BUDDEN SS, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P532 BUDDEN SS, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P99 BURD L, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P609 CHARNOV EK, 1989, NOV AM SPEECH LANG H CLARE AJ, 1986, THESIS THAMES POLYTE CLARKE A, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P119 COLEMAN M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P45 COLEMAN M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P31 COMINGS DE, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P383 Donnellan A. M., 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P201 FONTANESI J, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS20 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P499 GILLBERG C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P545, DOI 10.1007/BF02212857 GILLBERG C, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1094 GILLBERG C, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P127 GILLBERG C, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P365 GOUTIERES F, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P305 HAAS RH, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P225 HAAS RH, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P418 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P372 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P277 HANAOKA S, 1985, ABSTRACTS WORKSHOP A HANEFELD F, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P320 HANEFELD F, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P377 HANKS SB, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P157 HANKS SB, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P247 HANKS SB, 1989, 5TH ANN C INT RETT S HARDING BN, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P342 HARRIS JC, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P201 HARRISON DJ, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P154 HAVIAK C, 1989, ED THERAPEUTIC INTER HENNESSY MJ, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS43 HILLIG U, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P368 HOLM VA, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P297 HUNTER K, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P535 HUTT ML, 1976, MENTALLY RETARDED CH *INT RETT SYNDR AS, 1990, PAR ID BOOK MAN R ISHIKAWA A, 1978, BRAIN DEV, V3, P258 IWATA BA, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P157 JELLINGER K, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P259 KERR A, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P61 KERR AM, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P487 KERR AM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P77 KILLIAN W, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P369 KJOERHOLT K, 1989, ED THERAPEUTIC INTER LEIBER B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P275 LEKMAN A, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P357, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90049-0 LEWIS M, 1990, EXPECTANCY LOSS CONT LIEBLUNDELL C, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS31 LLOYD KG, 1981, NEW ENGL J MED, V305, P1106, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198111053051902 LODER RT, 1989, J PEDIATR ORTHOPED, V9, P557 MISSLIWETZ J, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P326 MOSER HW, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P1 NAGANUMA G, 1988, ED THERAPEUTIC INTER NAIDU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P61 NAIDU S, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P5 NIEDERMEYER E, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P195 NOMURA Y, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P334 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P16 OLSSON B, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P11 OLSSON B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P281 OLSSON B, 1987, KBRAIN DEV, V9, P491 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 OPITZ JM, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P445 OWEN VE, 1990, THESIS U ILLINOIS CH PERCY AK, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS65 PERCY AK, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P300 PHILIPPART M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P33 PHILIPPART M, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P111 RENDLESH.J, 1969, MED J AUSTRALIA, V2, P245 RETT A, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P21 RETT A, 1969, FORTSCHRITTE MED, V87, P507 RETT A, 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 RICCARDI VM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P389 RIEDERER P, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P305 RIEDERER P, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P351 ROBB SA, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P192, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071290 ROLANDO S, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P290 SCHLEICHKORN J, 1987, PHYSICAL THERAPY B, V2, P16 SOFIC E, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P529 SPONSELLER PD, 1989, ORTHOPAEDIC PROBLEMS STEPHENSON JBP, 1987, LANCET, V1, P741 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS6 TUTEN H, 1989, PHYS THER, V69, P1099 Van Acker R. M., 1987, THESIS NO ILLINOIS U WAHLSTROM J, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P573 WAHLSTROM J, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P361 WEISZ CL, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P543 WESECKY A, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P253 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P481 ZAPPELLA M, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P143 ZOGHBI H, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS76 ZOGHBI HY, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P921, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198510103131504 NR 103 TC 23 Z9 23 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 381 EP 406 PG 26 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600001 PM 1778956 ER PT J AU GILL, MJ HARRIS, SL AF GILL, MJ HARRIS, SL TI HARDINESS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISCOMFORT IN MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID LIFE STRESS; PARENTS; EVENTS AB Mothers of 60 children with autism participated in this study to measure the effects of social support and hardiness on the women's responses to the stressful demands of raising a child with a disability. MANOVA analysis indicated a significant main effect for hardiness, Wilks' lambda = .859, approx. F(2, 55) = 4.494, p < .02. There were no main effects for social support, or for the interaction of social support and hardiness. In regression analyses, the best combination of predictors of depressive symptoms were the Commitment dimension on the Hardiness Questionnaire and the total score on the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List social support inventory, mult. R = .783, p < .001. The best predictor of somatic complaints was total Hardiness score, mult. R = .698, p < .01. There was a significant correlation between hardiness and perceived social support, r(57) = -.67, p < .001. Results are discussed in terms of the relationship between perceived social support and hardiness and the potential buffering effect of these dimensions. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,GRAD SCH APPL & PROFESS PSYCHOL,POB 819,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. CR BANDURA A, 1986, SOCIAL F THOUGHT ACT BARRERA M, 1981, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V9, P435, DOI 10.1007/BF00918174 Beck A. T., 1978, BECK DEPRESSION INVE BELSKY J, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.x BRESLAU N, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P309 Bristol M. M., 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P289 Bristol M. M., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P251 COHEN F, 1979, HLTH PSYCHOL HDB, P140 COHEN S, 1983, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V13, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x COHEN S, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V98, P310, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.98.2.310 CUMMINGS ST, 1966, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V36, P595 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT FARRAN DC, 1986, FAMILIES HANDICAPPED, P143 FERRARI M, 1982, THESIS RUTGERS U PIS FRIEDRICH WN, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V90, P130 GALLAGHER JJ, 1983, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V50, P10 GALLAGHER JJ, 1981, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V1, P3 GANELLEN RJ, 1984, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V47, P156, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.47.1.156 GATH A, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V130, P405, DOI 10.1192/bjp.130.4.405 HARRIS SL, 1983, FAMILIES DEV DISABLE Hill R., 1958, SOCIAL CASEWORK, V49, P139 Hill R., 1949, FAMILIES STRESS Holroyd J., 1974, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V2, P92, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(197401)2:1<92::AID-JCOP2290020133>3.0.CO;2-A HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 KOBASA SC, 1979, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V37, P1, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.1 MADDI SR, 1979, J HUMANIST PSYCHOL, V19, P73, DOI 10.1177/002216787901900407 McCubbin H.I., 1983, SOCIAL STRESS FAMILY, P7 RICHMAN N, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V131, P525 ROTTER JB, 1966, PSYCHOL MONOGR, V80, P1 RUTTER M, 1970, ED HLTH BEHAVIOR SCHOPLER E, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P262, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60881-5 THOITS PA, 1982, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V23, P145, DOI 10.2307/2136511 VENTERS M, 1982, FAMILY STRESS COPING, P120 WIKLER LM, 1986, FAMILIES HANDICAPPED, P167 NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.1007/BF02206867 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600002 PM 1778957 ER PT J AU SEVIN, JA MATSON, JL COE, DA FEE, VE SEVIN, BM AF SEVIN, JA MATSON, JL COE, DA FEE, VE SEVIN, BM TI A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF 3 COMMONLY USED AUTISM SCALES SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR AB Reliability and validity of three commonly used autism scales, the Autism Behavior Checklist (Krug, Arick, & Almond, 1980), the Real Life Rating Scale (Freeman, Ritvo, Yokota, & Ritvo, 1986), and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1988), were investigated. Data analyses were based on completed protocols for 24 children or adolescents who met DSM-III-R criteria for pervasive developmental disorders. First, to replicate previous findings, interrater reliability of each of the two direct observational scales was assessed. Second, correlations between pairs of the three scales were calculated. Third, diagnostic classifications based on autism scale cutoff scores were compared to classifications based on DSM-III-R criteria. Fourth, relationships between autism scale scores and adaptive behavior scores were investigated. Results and implications for the use of these scales in the assessment of autistic behaviors are discussed. RP SEVIN, JA (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,236 AUDUBON HALL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 CREAK M, 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM Creak M., 1961, CEREBRAL PALSY B, V3, P501 FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GARFIN DG, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02212193 JACOBSON JW, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02284719 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1958, Z Kinderpsychiatr, V25, P108 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LAMBERT NM, 1975, AAMD ADAPTIVE BEHAVI LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 Rimland B., 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM Ritvo E. M., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P162 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P137 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SCHOPLER E, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF01537862 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE NR 21 TC 62 Z9 62 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 417 EP 432 DI 10.1007/BF02206868 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600003 PM 1778958 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, RO HALL, K SOPER, HV AF ELLIOTT, RO HALL, K SOPER, HV TI ANALOG LANGUAGE TEACHING VERSUS NATURAL-LANGUAGE TEACHING - GENERALIZATION AND RETENTION OF LANGUAGE-LEARNING FOR ADULTS WITH AUTISM AND MENTAL-RETARDATION SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DELAYED CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL; INTERVENTION; INSTRUCTION; PARADIGM; INVIVO AB Examined the effects of two instructional methods on language generalization and long-term retention in 23 adults with autism and severe to profound mental retardation. Analog language teaching employed discrete trials in a controlled setting concentrating on discrimination and identification of materials. Natural language teaching emphasized instruction through interactions that occurred incidentally to training students in the use of materials to perform functional tasks. Assessments were conducted under conditions favoring analog teaching to assure against partiality toward natural language teaching. Under such disadvantageous conditions, the methods of natural language teaching would be supported by results showing either no difference or an advantage in their favor. Both techniques increased initial and long-term generalization though the results suggest no relative superiority for either method under these assessment conditions. A significant interaction was found between prior functioning level and sequence of instruction. Because natural language teaching has many strengths, few drawbacks, and produces equal generalization and retention under disadvantageous conditions, it is strongly supported as preferable for people with autism and mental retardation. C1 FIELDING INST,PALO ALTO,CA. RP ELLIOTT, RO (reprint author), CAMARILLO STATE HOSP & DEV CTR,CTR BEHAV DEV & LEARNING,BOX 6022,CAMARILLO,CA 93011, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BROWN L, 1983, SERIES PROFESSIONAL, P6 BRUNER JS, 1978, HUMAN NATURE, P42 BUTTERWORTH JR, 1989, DEC M ASS PERS SEV H BZOCH KR, 1970, RECEPTIVE EXPRESSIVE CARROW E, 1973, TEST AUDITORY COMPRE Cavallaro C.C., 1982, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V7, P80 COLE KN, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V29, P206 Costello J., 1983, CONT ISSUES LANGUAGE, P275 DOLLY D, 1988, ED PSYCHOL, V8, P101, DOI 10.1080/0144341880080109 DONNELLAN AM, 1981, INT S AUTISM BOSTON Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA DURAN E, 1985, ADOLESCENCE, V20, P432 EGEL AL, 1980, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V30, P455, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(80)90050-8 Gazdag G, 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P62 GOTTSLEB.RH, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V39, P213 GULLO DF, 1984, LANGUAGE SPEECH HEAR, V15, P182 HALLE JW, 1984, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V4, P36 HART B, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P407, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-407 HART B, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-243 HART BM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P109, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-109 HART B, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411 Hart B., 1978, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO, P193 Hart B. M., 1982, USE INCIDENTAL TEACH HOBSON RP, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P282 JOHNSTON JR, 1982, SPEECH LANGUAGE HEAR, V2, P780 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 Koegel R. L., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P310 LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 LEONARD LB, 1981, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V2, P89, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400000886 Lovaas O. I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD MACDONALD JD, 1985, TEACHING FUNCTIONAL, P89 MAHONEY GJ, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P139 MCCORMICK L, 1984, EARLY LANGUAGE INTER MCGEE GG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P17, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-17 McLean JE, 1978, TRANSACTIONAL APPROA MELINE TJ, 1980, LANGUAGE SPEECH HEAR, V11, P95 MOERK EL, 1983, MOTHER EVE 1ST LANGU MULAC A, 1977, J COMMUN DISORD, V10, P231, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(77)90003-X Muma J. R., 1978, LANGUAGE HDB CONCEPT NEEF NA, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P331, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-331 OLIVER C, 1982, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V7, P50 ORLANSKY MD, 1979, AAESPH REV, V4, P251 PRIZANT BM, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P282 REICHLE J, 1985, TEACHING FUNCTIONAL RINCOVER A, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P235, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-235 Rogers-Warren A. K., 1985, TEACHING FUNCTIONAL, P63 SCHWARTZ RG, 1985, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V50, P31 Slosson RL, 1963, SLOSSON INTELLIGENCE SPIEGEL BB, 1983, LANGUAGE SPEECH HEAR, V14, P252 SPRADLIN JE, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P2 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 WARREN SF, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P239 WARREN SF, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P448 WARREN SF, 1980, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V3, P133 WARREN SF, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P291 WARREN SF, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V49, P42 WEHMAN P, 1980, INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRA WEHMAN P, 1977, J SPEC EDUC, V11, P217 WELLER C, 1979, J LEARN DISABIL, V12, P46 WILCOX B, 1980, CRITICAL ISSUES ED A, P28 WULZ SV, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P2 Zimmerman I., 1979, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 433 EP 447 DI 10.1007/BF02206869 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600004 PM 1778959 ER PT J AU VERBATEN, MN ROELOFS, JW VANENGELAND, H KENEMANS, JK SLANGEN, JL AF VERBATEN, MN ROELOFS, JW VANENGELAND, H KENEMANS, JK SLANGEN, JL TI ABNORMAL VISUAL EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; AUDITORY INFORMATION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; HABITUATION AB This study compared the visual ERPs and concurrently measured fixation times of autistic children with those of normal children and two psychiatric control groups (so-called "externalizers" and "internalizers"). Autistic children had, in contrast with normal control groups, smaller P3 waves (occipital maximum) to visual target stimuli but did not differ in this respect from the two psychiatric control groups. When the autistic group was split into "good" and "bad" performers, the latter group had significantly smaller amplitudes than the former. No difference was found between the groups in electrophysiological reactivity to the first, novel stimulus of a habituation series. However, an unexpected change in stimulus location induced an increased Fz N400 in the normal group but not in the autistic group or the two psychiatric control groups. In addition, in a non-task-relevant habituation condition, the autistic group fixated complex visual stimuli for shorter times and had smaller occipital P3 waves than the control groups. Analysis of covariance showed that the smaller P3s could not be explained by the shorter fixation times. In none of the ERP parameters were there differences in habituation rate between the controls and the autistic children. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,ACAD ZIEKENHUIS UTRECHT,KINDER & JEUGDPSYCHIAT KLIN,POSTBUS 85500,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Attneave F, 1954, PSYCHOL REV, V61, P83 COURCHESNE E, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P238, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90063-7 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02212714 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 Creak E. M., 1961, CEREBRAL PALSY B, V3, P501 DRAPER NR, 1981, APPLIED REGRESSION A FINN JD, 1978, MULTIVARIANCE Freund RJ, 1979, REGRESSION METHODS T GASSER T, 1986, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V23, P704, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00697.x GRATTON G, 1983, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V55, P468, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90135-9 HARTER MR, 1984, VARIETIES ATTENTION HERMELIN B, 1968, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI JOHNSON R, 1985, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V22, P182, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01584.x LAFFONT F, 1979, PROG CLIN NEUROPHYS, V6, P280 LEEUWENBERG ELJ, 1967, STRUCTURAL INFORMATI LELORD G, 1973, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V10, P415, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00799.x MARTINEAU J, 1980, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V48, P140, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(80)90300-4 NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 NOVICK B, 1979, PSYCHIAT RES, V1, P101, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90034-9 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 PRIOR MR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P8, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.8 PRITCHARD WS, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF01495058 RITTER W, 1968, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V25, P550, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(68)90234-4 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C Sokolov E. N., 1963, PERCEPTION CONDITION STEVENS S, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF02409577 VERBATEN MN, 1983, TUTORIALS EVENT RELA VERBATEN MN, 1986, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V23, P254, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00628.x WOESTENBURG JC, 1983, BIOL PSYCHOL, V17, P173, DOI 10.1016/0301-0511(83)90018-2 WOESTENBURG JC, 1983, BIOL PSYCHOL, V16, P217 WOESTENBURG JC, 1981, BIOL PSYCHOL, V13, P189, DOI 10.1016/0301-0511(81)90035-1 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 449 EP 470 DI 10.1007/BF02206870 PG 22 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600005 PM 1778960 ER PT J AU OUSLEY, OY MESIBOV, GB AF OUSLEY, OY MESIBOV, GB TI SEXUAL ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE OF HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERCEPTIONS; STUDENTS AB Interviewed 21 high-functioning adults with autism and 20 mildly to moderately mentally retarded adults without autism about sexuality and dating. Sexual knowledge and interest were assessed by a sexuality vocabulary checklist and a multiple-choice questionnaire. Group differences were found in experience, with more sexual experiences among the mentally retarded adults, but not in knowledge or interest. In both groups IQ was positively correlated with knowledge scores and males had significantly greater interest in sexuality than females. Implications of sex and group differences are discussed. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV TEACCH,CB 7180,MED SCH WING E,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CR BRANTLINGER EA, 1988, REM SPEC EDUC, V9, P31 BRANTLINGER EA, 1985, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V20, P99 DARLING CA, 1986, ADOLESCENCE, V21, P403 EDMONSON B, 1979, AM J MENT DEF, V84, P11 FORD A, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P430 HOBSON P, IN PRESS HIGH FUNCTI Mesibov G. B., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P37 MESIBOV GB, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF02409830 MESIBOV GB, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF02206855 MESIBOV GB, 1982, JUL M NAT SOC CHILDR MESIBOV GB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P538, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00012 MULHERN TJ, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V79, P670 PAUL R, 1985, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V28, P475 Penny R. E. C., 1982, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISAB, V8, P204 ROBINSON S, 1984, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V10, P21 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI SHAH A, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P153 WILCOX S, 1986, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V16, P361, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01146.x NR 19 TC 41 Z9 43 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1007/BF02206871 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600006 PM 1778961 ER PT J AU ALLEN, MH LINCOLN, AJ KAUFMAN, AS AF ALLEN, MH LINCOLN, AJ KAUFMAN, AS TI SEQUENTIAL AND SIMULTANEOUS PROCESSING ABILITIES OF HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISTIC AND LANGUAGE-IMPAIRED CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DISORDERS; MODEL AB Investigated the Sequential and Simultaneous processing distinctions of high-functioning autistic children and children with a developmental receptive language disorder (DRLD). Twenty autistic subjects and 20 DRLD subjects were matched on age and gender, and compared to each other on their Sequential and Simultaneous processing abilities utilizing the K-ABC and selected subtests of the WISC-R. Results showed that both groups manifested a relative sequential processing deficit. However, the groups did not differ significantly on their overall sequential and simultaneous processing capabilities relative to their degree of language impairment. The application of the sequential and simultaneous processing model to the WISC-R provided consistent convergent and discriminant validation for the assessment of these processes with the WISC-R. C1 CALIF SCH PROFESS PATHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. UNIV ALABAMA,UNIVERSITY,AL 35486. RP ALLEN, MH (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP RES CTR,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,8001 FROST ST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BARTAK L, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01540396 BENTON AL, 1978, DEV DYSPHASIA, P43 BLACKSTOCK EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01539636 BOGEN J E, 1969, Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Societies, V34, P191 Bogen J E, 1969, Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc, V34, P73 BOGEN J E, 1969, Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Societies, V34, P135 CAMPBELL DT, 1963, EXPT QUASI-EXPT DESI COHEN DJ, 1976, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V15, P604, DOI 10.1097/00004583-197601540-00002 CROSSON B, 1985, BRAIN LANG, V25, P257, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(85)90085-9 DAS JP, 1975, PSYCHOL BULL, V82, P37 DAS JP, 1979, SUCCESSIVE SIMULTANE DAWSON G, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P369 DEAN RS, 1984, J SPEC EDUC, V18, P239 Freeman BJ, 1985, J PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL, V4, P357 GAZZANIGA M, 1975, UCLA ED, V17, P9 HERMELIN B, 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P135 HOFFMANN W L, 1982, Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, V4, P27, DOI 10.1080/01688638208401114 KAMPHAUS RW, 1984, J SPEC EDUC, V18, P213 KAMPHAUS RW, 1987, CLIN RES APPLICATION Kaufman A. S., 1979, INTELLIGENT TESTING Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B KEITH TZ, 1985, APR M NAT ASS SCH PS LEZAK MD, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A LINCOLN AJ, 1991, UNPUB AUDITORY PROCE LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LUDLOW CL, 1980, ANN NEUROL, V7, P497, DOI 10.1002/ana.410070602 Luria A. R., 1966, HIGHER CORTICAL FUNC Luria A. R., 1973, THE WORKING BRAIN NAGLIERI JA, 1983, J PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL, V1, P25, DOI 10.1177/073428298300100103 NAGLIERI JA, 1988, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V26, P35, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(88)90030-1 ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 ORNITZ EM, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P117 ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P76 PRIOR MR, 1979, CORTEX, V15, P73 PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 Reitan R, 1984, APHASIA SENSORY PERC RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 TALLAL P, 1978, DEV DYSPHASIA TALLAL P, 1987, PSYCHIATRY, V3, P1 TALLAL P, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V24, P351 TALLAL P, 1978, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION TANGUAY PE, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P373, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60314-9 TANGUAY PE, 1976, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS CUR, P75 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wyke M., 1978, DEV DYSPHASIA, P135 NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 483 EP 502 DI 10.1007/BF02206872 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600007 PM 1778962 ER PT J AU REALMUTO, GM AUGUST, GJ AF REALMUTO, GM AUGUST, GJ TI CATATONIA IN AUTISTIC DISORDER - A SIGN OF COMORBIDITY OR VARIABLE EXPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN-STEM; PREDICTION; ILLNESS AB Catatonia, once solely attributed to schizophrenia, is now thought to be associated with many disorders. Autistic disorder shares some symptoms with catatonia, namely, mutism, echopraxia/echolalia, and stereotypies. Catatonia in autism may therefore be a variant of the autistic condition. However, organic deficits and psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, have also been linked with the manifestation of catatonia. Individuals with autism presenting with these comorbid conditions may therefore be at increased risk for catatonia. Little is written of the association of autism and catatonia to clarify the possibility of catatonia as a variant or a sign of a comorbid condition. The authors discuss three autistic patients and suggest specific etiologies for the symptoms of catatonia which presented in these cases. The therapeutic and diagnostic importance of comorbid disorders in autism is stressed. RP REALMUTO, GM (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP & CLIN,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BOX 95,HARVARD ST & E RIVER RD,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. CR ABRAMS R, 1977, AM J PSYCHIAT, V134, P78 ABRAMS R, 1979, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V14, P111 AKTHAR S, 1977, DIS NERV SYST, V38, P558 ALTSHULER LL, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1409 American Psychiatric Association, 1968, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BEMPORAD JR, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF01531533 BENDER L, 1947, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V17, P40 BLEULER E, 1908, DEMENTIA PRAECOX CAMPBELL M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P234, DOI 10.1007/BF01537617 COLEMAN M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P25 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 Despert JL, 1938, PSYCHIAT QUART, V12, P366 GALENBERG AJ, 1976, LANCET, V1, P1339 GOLDFARB W, 1974, GROWTH CHANGE SCHIZO HALL DC, 1983, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V44, P222 HOCKADAY TD, 1966, BRIT MED J, V1, P85 JOHNSON GC, 1983, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V44, P310 JOHNSTONE EC, 1976, LANCET, V2, P924 JOSEPH AB, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P352 KAHLBAUM KL, 1974, CATATONIA 1873 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P381, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.381 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02408557 KRAEPELIN E, 1905, LECTURES CLIN PSYCHI MORRISON JR, 1974, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V15, P317, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(74)90053-4 NIELSEN JM, 1953, J NERV MENT DIS, V118, P429, DOI 10.1097/00005053-195311000-00006 PEARLSON GD, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P690 PENN H, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V27, P758 PETTY LK, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P129 RASKIN DE, 1974, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V31, P544 REIMER DR, 1974, PSYCHOSOMATICS, V15, P39 RIES RK, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P1471 RUTTER M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01537622 SHAH P, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P6 STERNBACH H, 1981, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V42, P352 TAYLOR MA, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1223 TIPPIN J, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P10 WEINBERGER DR, 1979, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V36, P735 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WOODS SW, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P983 NR 42 TC 51 Z9 51 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1007/BF02206874 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600009 PM 1778964 ER PT J AU WADDEN, NPK BRYSON, SE RODGER, RS AF WADDEN, NPK BRYSON, SE RODGER, RS TI A CLOSER LOOK AT THE AUTISM BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST - DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY AND FACTOR STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENTS; IMPAIRMENTS; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB The psychometric properties of the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC; Krug, Arick, & Almond, 1980a, 1980b), a 57-item screening checklist for autism was investigated. Professional Informants completed the ABC on 67 autistic and 56 mentally retarded and learning-disabled children. The autistic children were the total population of autistic children aged 6-15 in two circumscribed suburban and rural regions. Using the total score, the ABC accurately discriminated 91% of the children, with 87% of the autistic and 96% of the nonautistic group correctly classified. Moreover, the accuracy of classification was virtually identical when only the more heavily weighted checklist items were used. A 3-factor model accounted for 32% of the total variance in the checklist. Seventeen items loaded .4 or more on Factor 1, 12 items loaded on Factor 2, and 10 items loaded on Factor 3. The present results fail to provide empirical support for a single unidimensional scale for autism. Also, there is little support for subdividing the checklist into five subscales based on symptom areas. C1 YORK UNIV,N YORK M3J 1P3,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP WADDEN, NPK (reprint author), DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,HALIFAX B3H 4J1,NS,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x DENCKLA MB, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60229-6 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x McDonald R.P., 1985, FACTOR ANAL RELATED PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 *SPSS INC, 1985, ADV STAT GUID Stutsman R., 1948, MERRILL PALMER SCALE TEAL MB, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P485, DOI 10.1007/BF01531713 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WING L, 1982, PSYCHOSES UNCERTAIN, P191 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.1007/BF02206875 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600010 PM 1778965 ER PT J AU OSWALD, DP VOLKMAR, FR AF OSWALD, DP VOLKMAR, FR TI SIGNAL-DETECTION ANALYSIS OF ITEMS FROM THE AUTISM BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID SCALE C1 YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CR FREEMAN BJ, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02408293 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KRAEMER HC, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P37, DOI 10.2307/2685259 Krug D. A., 1979, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS INS KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 RIMLAND B, 1968, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V35, P146 RUTTENBE.BA, 1966, J AMER ACAD CHILD PS, V5, P453, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62093-8 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SEIGEL B, 1989, J AM ACADEMY CHILD A, V28, P542 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1007/BF02206876 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600011 PM 1778966 ER PT J AU VANSOEST, M AF VANSOEST, M TI AUTISM AS A RESULT OF A DYSFUNCTIONAL HIERARCHY OF THE SENSES - TREATMENT OF AUTISM BY VANSOEST THERAPY SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 559 EP 561 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600015 PM 1778969 ER PT J AU KONSTANTAREAS, MM AF KONSTANTAREAS, MM TI DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM - GILLBERG,C SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review RP KONSTANTAREAS, MM (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 565 EP 566 DI 10.1007/BF02206881 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GW156 UT WOS:A1991GW15600017 ER PT J AU COHEN, IL TSIOURIS, JA PFADT, A AF COHEN, IL TSIOURIS, JA PFADT, A TI EFFECTS OF LONG-ACTING PROPRANOLOL ON AGONISTIC AND STEREOTYPED BEHAVIORS IN A MAN WITH PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER AND FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BETA-BLOCKERS; MALES; HALOPERIDOL; AUTISM; GAZE C1 NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABILITIES,GEORGE JERVIS CLIN,STATEN ISL,NY 10314. RP COHEN, IL (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABILITIES,DEPT PSYCHOL,STATEN ISL,NY 10314, USA. CR COHEN IL, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P489 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x COHEN IL, 1980, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V19, P665, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60969-9 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 DUREL LA, 1986, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V25, P371, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(86)90012-2 GREENDYKE RM, 1987, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V7, P178 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HERMAN ZS, 1967, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA, V11, P136, DOI 10.1007/BF00401250 PEET M, 1981, LANCET, V2, P978 RATEY JJ, 1986, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V6, P103 RATEY JJ, 1987, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V7, P35 TYRER P, 1974, BRIT MED J, V2, P4 WILLIAMS DT, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P129, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60911-0 WOLFF PH, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P406 YUDOFSKY SC, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P35 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0271-0749 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 6 BP 398 EP 399 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA GT310 UT WOS:A1991GT31000020 PM 1770165 ER PT J AU LANDA, R FOLSTEIN, SE ISAACS, C AF LANDA, R FOLSTEIN, SE ISAACS, C TI SPONTANEOUS NARRATIVE-DISCOURSE PERFORMANCE OF PARENTS OF AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; GENETICS; NARRATIVE; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; FAMILY STUDY ID HEAD-INJURED ADULTS; FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; LANGUAGE DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MOTHERS SPEECH; CHILDREN RP LANDA, R (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,600 N WOLFE ST,MEYER 2-181,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1467 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HN148 UT WOS:A1991HN14800010 PM 1945551 ER PT J AU TUCHMAN, RF RAPIN, I SHINNAR, S AF TUCHMAN, RF RAPIN, I SHINNAR, S TI AUTISTIC AND DYSPHASIC CHILDREN .1. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; DYSPHASIA; RETT SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; RETT SYNDROME; SEX-DIFFERENCES; DISORDERS AB Autism and dysphasia are behaviorally defined disorders of higher cerebral function which in preschool children share the common core symptom of impairment of language. In this study we describe the clinical characteristics of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children evaluated by one child neurologist. There was no significant difference between autistic and dysphasic children in gestational age, birth weight, or prevalence of associated medical disorders, all of which were infrequent, although a positive history of resuscitation or ventilatory support was more common in dysphasic than autistic children (P = .03). As a group autistic children are more likely than dysphasic children to have language subtypes affecting central processing and formulation, a family history of psychiatric disorders and autism, and a history of regression of language and behavior. After excluding 12 girls with autistic symptoms who met the clinical criteria for Rett syndrome, we found that there was no significant difference in the number of autistic and dysphasic children with an abnormal sensorimotor examination. Girls with autism were more likely than boys to have severe mental deficiency (38% of autistic girls vs 23% of boys) (P = .012) and a motor deficit (27% vs 11%) (P = .0009). C1 MONTEFIORE MED CTR,BRONX,NY 10467. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10461. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,SAUL R KOREY DEPT NEUROL,BRONX,NY 10461. RP RAPIN, I (reprint author), ROSE F KENNEDY CTR RES MENTAL RETARDAT & HUMAN DEV,ROOM 807,1410 PELHAM PKWY S,BRONX,NY 10461, USA. 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EPILEPSY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; DYSPHASIA; EPILEPSY; SEIZURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSES; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; DISORDERS; PUBERTY AB In a previously described population of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children, after exclusion of 12 autistic girls with Rett syndrome, 14% (42 of 302) of autistic children and 8% (19 of 237) of dysphasic children had epilepsy (P = .03). The major risk factors for epilepsy were severe mental deficiency and the combination of severe mental deficiency with a motor deficit. In autistic children without severe mental deficiency, motor deficit, associated perinatal or medical disorder, or a positive family history of epilepsy, epilepsy occurred in 6% (10 of 160) which was analogous to the 8% (14 of 168) found in similar dysphasic nonautistic children. The language subtype of verbal auditory agnosia is associated with the highest risk of epilepsy in autistic (41%, 7 of 17) and dysphasic (58%, 7 of 12) children. The higher percentage of epilepsy in autistic girls, 24% (18 of 74) compared with boys 11% (25 of 228) (P = .003), is attributed to the increased prevalence of cognitive and motor deficit in girls. Once the risk attributable to associated cognitive and motor disabilities is taken into account, there is no difference in the risk of epilepsy between autistic and nonautistic dysphasic children. C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,SAUL R KOREY DEPT NEUROL,BRONX,NY 10461. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10461. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,BRONX,NY 10467. RP RAPIN, I (reprint author), ROSE F KENNEDY CTR RES MENTAL RETARDAT & HUMAN DEV,ROOM 807,1410 PELHAM PKWY S,BRONX,NY 10461, USA. 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PD DEC PY 1991 VL 21 IS 12 BP 735 EP 741 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GU701 UT WOS:A1991GU70100006 ER PT J AU HORWITZ, B SWEDO, SE GRADY, CL PIETRINI, P SCHAPIRO, MB RAPOPORT, JL RAPOPORT, SI AF HORWITZ, B SWEDO, SE GRADY, CL PIETRINI, P SCHAPIRO, MB RAPOPORT, JL RAPOPORT, SI TI CEREBRAL METABOLIC PATTERN IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER - ALTERED INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN REGIONAL RATES OF GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; BRAIN ID BRAIN-REGIONS; NEUROSIS; MODEL; DEPRESSION; ALZHEIMERS; AUTISM; ADULTS AB Correlations between normalized regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose, determined by positron emission tomography with F-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, were used to investigate functional associations between pairs of brain regions in 18 adult patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) of childhood-onset, as compared with 18 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The number of correlations that differed significantly between the two groups exceeded chance, although as many of these correlations were larger in the OCD group relative to controls as were smaller. The two regions that had the largest number of correlations that differed significantly between groups were a left hemisphere superior parietal region and the left hemisphere anterior medial temporal area (which includes principally the amygdala). Correlations involving the caudate nuclei did not differ between the two groups for the most part. Anterior limbic/paralimbic regions had correlations in the OCD group that were significantly larger with frontal areas than in controls, and correlations that were significantly smaller with posterior brain regions. This pattern was especially pronounced for the left hemisphere anterior medial temporal region. These results suggest that the correlation pattern in OCD is not characterized by an overall loss of functional integration but, rather, by functional reorganization. C1 NIMH,CHILD PSYCHIAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIA,NEUROSCI LAB,POSITRON EMISS TOMOG UNIT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIA,NEUROSCI LAB,BRAIN AGING & DEMENTIA SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP HORWITZ, B (reprint author), NIA,NEUROSCI LAB,BRAIN IMAGING & COMP UNIT,BLDG 10,RM 6C-414,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. CR AZARI NP, 1991, ABSTR SOC NEUROSCI, V17, P1258 AZARI NP, IN PRESS J CLIN EXPT, V13 BALLANTINE HT, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P807, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90080-1 BAXTER LR, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V51, P61 BRIDGES PK, 1973, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V123, P663, DOI 10.1192/bjp.123.6.663 BROOKS RA, 1982, J NUCL MED, V23, P538 CLARK CM, 1984, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V19, P663 Cox C. S., 1989, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P73 CUMMINGS JL, 1985, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V20, P1117, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90011-3 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DAUBE-WITHERSPOON M E, 1987, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, V28, P607 EFRON B, 1981, BIOMETRIKA, V68, P589, DOI 10.1093/biomet/68.3.589 EPSTEIN AW, 1971, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V3, P149 EYCLESHYMER A, 1911, CROSS SECTION ANATOM FLORHENRY P, 1979, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V14, P119 FORD I, 1986, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V6, P385 HORWITZ B, 1984, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V4, P484 HORWITZ B, 1990, POSITRON EMISSION TO, P13 HORWITZ B, 1986, ANN NEUROL, V19, P60, DOI 10.1002/ana.410190111 HORWITZ B, 1988, J NUCL MED, V29, P392 HORWITZ B, 1987, BRAIN RES, V407, P294, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91107-3 HORWITZ B, 1990, INT J BIOMED COMPUT, V26, P149, DOI 10.1016/0020-7101(90)90039-W HORWITZ B, 1990, J MENT DEFIC RES, V34, P237 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 HORWITZ B, 1990, ABSTR SOC NEUROSCI, V16, P28 HORWITZ B, 1991, J CEREB BLOOD FLOW M, V11, pS380 HUANG SC, 1980, AM J PHYSIOL, V238, pE69 INSEL TR, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P365 JENIKE MA, 1986, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P133 Jenike MA, 1990, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE JENIKE MA, 1984, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V25, P298, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(84)90062-2 KHANNA S, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P602, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90171-0 KLEINBAUM DG, 1978, APPLIED REGRESSION A Kullback S, 1967, APPLIED STATISTICS, V16, P80, DOI 10.2307/2985240 KUMAR A, 1991, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V4, P35 LAPLANE D, 1984, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V47, P377, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.47.4.377 Luria A. R., 1973, THE WORKING BRAIN LUXENBERG JS, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1089 MALLOY P, 1989, PSYCHIAT RES, V28, P63, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90198-4 BAXTER LR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1560 MESULAM MM, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P597, DOI 10.1002/ana.410280502 Mesulam M. M, 1985, PRINCIPLES BEHAV NEU, P1 METTER EJ, 1984, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V4, P500 METTER EJ, 1984, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V4, P1 MISHKIN M, 1981, INSERM S, V20, P409 Modell J G, 1989, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V1, P27 NORDAHL TE, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V2, P23, DOI 10.1016/0893-133X(89)90003-1 PITMAN RK, 1987, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V28, P334, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(87)90070-8 SCHAPIRO MB, 1990, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V10, P199 SOKOLOFF L, 1977, J NEUROCHEM, V28, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10649.x SWEDO SE, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P246 SWEDO SE, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P518 SWEDO SE, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P828 TAN E, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P155, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.543.155 TRANEL D, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P349 TURNER SM, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V97, P430, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.97.3.430 Wise S, 1989, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P327 1987, DSMIIIR DIAGNOSTIC S NR 58 TC 49 Z9 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0925-4927 J9 PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM JI Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging PD DEC PY 1991 VL 40 IS 4 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0925-4927(91)90014-H PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA HK181 UT WOS:A1991HK18100002 PM 1811240 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, DR BRISTOL, MM AF EDWARDS, DR BRISTOL, MM TI AUTISM - EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT IN FAMILY-PRACTICE SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article AB Autism is a chronic, nonprogressive developmental disability with a unique triad of abnormalities in socialization, communication and behavior. Most, but not all, children with autism have some degree of mental retardation, and many develop epilepsy. No single biomedical etiology has been found, but a significant number of medical disorders occur in association with autism. The medical evaluation is directed toward finding underlying or associated neurologic, metabolic, genetic or infectious diseases. Psychoeducational and behavioral therapies are the most successful approaches to the treatment of autism. Community-based and structured programs that emphasize socialization, communication and family training are the most effective. Medical management focuses on treatment of underlying or associated diseases. Pharmacotherapy is sometimes beneficial, but no drug acts specifically on this complex of symptoms. Family physicians can provide early identification, continuing medical care and support to the child and the family. RP EDWARDS, DR (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1755 EP 1764 PG 10 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GQ618 UT WOS:A1991GQ61800023 PM 1950971 ER PT J AU LITZENBERGER, S AF LITZENBERGER, S TI HOLISTIC INTERPRETATION OF AUTISM - A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK - SEIFERT,CD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ART THERAPY LA English DT Book Review CR SEIFERT CD, 1990, HOLISTIC INTERPRETAT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER J ART THERAPY PI MONTPELIER PA VERMONT COLL OF NORWICH UNIV, MONTPELIER, VT 05602 SN 0007-4764 J9 AM J ART THER JI Am. J. Art. Ther. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 30 IS 2 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA GT318 UT WOS:A1991GT31800010 ER PT J AU LITZENBERGER, S AF LITZENBERGER, S TI CASE-STUDIES IN AUTISM - A YOUNG-CHILD AND 2 ADOLESCENTS - SEIFERT,CD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ART THERAPY LA English DT Book Review CR SEIFERT C, 1990, CASE STUDIES AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER J ART THERAPY PI MONTPELIER PA VERMONT COLL OF NORWICH UNIV, MONTPELIER, VT 05602 SN 0007-4764 J9 AM J ART THER JI Am. J. Art. Ther. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 30 IS 2 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA GT318 UT WOS:A1991GT31800009 ER PT J AU LITZENBERGER, S AF LITZENBERGER, S TI THEORIES OF AUTISM - SEIFERT,CD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ART THERAPY LA English DT Book Review RP LITZENBERGER, S (reprint author), OUR LADY VICTORY INFANT HOME,LACKAWANNA,NY 14218, USA. CR SEIFERT C, 1990, THEORIES AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER J ART THERAPY PI MONTPELIER PA VERMONT COLL OF NORWICH UNIV, MONTPELIER, VT 05602 SN 0007-4764 J9 AM J ART THER JI Am. J. Art. Ther. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 30 IS 2 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA GT318 UT WOS:A1991GT31800008 ER PT J AU JORDE, LB HASSTEDT, SJ RITVO, ER MASONBROTHERS, A FREEMAN, BJ PINGREE, C MCMAHON, WM PETERSEN, B JENSON, WR MOLL, A AF JORDE, LB HASSTEDT, SJ RITVO, ER MASONBROTHERS, A FREEMAN, BJ PINGREE, C MCMAHON, WM PETERSEN, B JENSON, WR MOLL, A TI COMPLEX SEGREGATION ANALYSIS OF AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; MULTIFACTORIAL QUALITATIVE TRAITS; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; RECURRENCE RISKS; GENETIC ANALYSIS; FRAGILE-X; ELECTRORETINOGRAMS; PEDIGREES AB A complex segregation analysis of autism in 185 Utah families was carried out using the mixed model. The 209 affected individuals in these families represent nearly complete ascertainment of the autistic cases born in Utah between 1965 and 1984. The sibling recurrence risk for autism was 4.5% (95% confidence limits 2.8%-6.2%). Likelihoods were maximized for major-gene models, a polygenic model, a sibling-effect model, and a mixed model consisting of major-gene and shared-sibling effects. The analysis provided no evidence for major-locus inheritance of autism. Subdivision of the sample according to the probands' IQ levels showed that sibling recurrence risk did not vary consistently with IQ level. A segregation analysis of families in which the proband had an IQ < 50 also failed to provide evidence for a major locus. However, because of the etiologic heterogeneity of this disorder, genetic analysis of other meaningful subsets of families could prove informative. C1 UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. AUTISM SOC UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP JORDE, LB (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,ECCLES INST HUMAN GENET,DEPT HUMAN GENET,ROOM 2100,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. CR ABRAMSON RK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF02212938 AMAN MG, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P549, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00014 BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00684.x CARTER CO, 1969, BRIT MED BULL, V25, P52 CARTER CO, 1976, BRIT MED BULL, V32, P21 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO CREEL DJ, 1989, CLIN VISION SCI, V4, P85 ELSTON RC, 1971, HUM HERED, V21, P523, DOI 10.1159/000152448 FALCONER DS, 1965, ANN HUM GENET, V29, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1965.tb00500.x FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GILL PE, 1986, SOL862 STANF U DEP O GLADSTIEN K, 1978, AM J MED GENET, V2, P7, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320020103 HASSTEDT SJ, 1989, PAP PEDIGREE ANAL PA JORDE LB, 1991, ENCY HUMAN BIOL, V4, P431 JORDE LB, 1989, ANN HUM GENET, V53, P339, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1989.tb01803.x JORDE LB, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360116 KHOURY MJ, 1987, AM J MED GENET, V28, P159, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320280123 KIDD KK, 1976, J MED GENET, V13, P290, DOI 10.1136/jmg.13.4.290 MASONBROTHERS A, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P514 MATTHYSSE S, 1979, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V76, P2862, DOI 10.1073/pnas.76.6.2862 MCLELLAN T, 1984, AM J HUM GENET, V36, P836 MENDELL NR, 1974, BIOMETRICS, V30, P41, DOI 10.2307/2529616 MORTON NE, 1974, AM J HUM GENET, V26, P489 ORNITZ EM, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P243 Pauls D. L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P192 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 REALMUTO G, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P435 RICE J, 1979, BIOMETRICS, V35, P451, DOI 10.2307/2530347 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RITVO ER, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P229 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P187 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SPENCE MA, 1985, BEHAV GENET, V15, P1 VOGLER GP, 1990, BEHAV GENET, V20, P461, DOI 10.1007/BF01067712 WAGENER DK, 1988, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V5, P95, DOI 10.1002/gepi.1370050205 WAHLSTROM J, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V32, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320320105 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 Zahner G., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P199 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 46 TC 109 Z9 113 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 49 IS 5 BP 932 EP 938 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GM873 UT WOS:A1991GM87300003 PM 1928098 ER PT J AU AYLWARD, EH SCHWARTZ, J MACHLIN, S PEARLSON, G AF AYLWARD, EH SCHWARTZ, J MACHLIN, S PEARLSON, G TI BICAUDATE RATIO AS A MEASURE OF CAUDATE VOLUME ON MR IMAGES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; COMPUTERIZED-TOMOGRAPHY; VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT; TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA; CT; ABNORMALITIES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ATROPHY; BRAIN; SUPERIOR AB Many studies have used ratios based on intercaudate distance as a measure of caudate atrophy and ratios based on bifrontal distance as a measure of ventricular enlargement independent of caudate atrophy. The purpose of the current study was to determine to what extent these ratios correlate with caudate area and volume and frontal horn area in various groups of patients. The three linear ratio measures, obtained from MR scans, were bicaudate ratio, bifrontal ratio, and bifrontal distance divided by bicaudate distance. Area and volume measures were corrected for brain size. Subjects included patients with autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Huntington disease, as well as normal controls. As expected, the patients with Huntington disease had the largest bicaudate ratio, bifrontal ratio, and frontal horn area. Both bicaudate ratio and bifrontal ratio were fairly good measures of frontal horn size for most groups. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the bifrontal ratio was not highly correlated with caudate area or volume ratios. Bicaudate ratio and bifrontal distance/bicaudate distance were correlated with caudate volume for the patients with Huntington disease, but not for any of the other groups. Bifrontal distance/bicaudate distance was the best single predictor of caudate volume for all groups combined. It is concluded that bicaudate ratio and bifrontal distance/bicaudate distance are fairly good measures of caudate atrophy, but are poor measures of caudate size when no atrophy is present. RP AYLWARD, EH (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV PSYCHIAT NEUROIMAGING,MEYER 166,600 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR ALBERT M, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P1258 BARR AN, 1978, NEUROLOGY, V28, P1196 BARTA PE, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1457 BARTELS M, 1983, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V233, P371, DOI 10.1007/BF00346087 EARNEST MP, 1979, NEUROLOGY, V29, P1138 Evans WA, 1942, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V47, P931 FOLSTEIN M, 1990, FUNCTION DYSFUNCTION, P224 FORD CV, 1981, J GERONTOL, V36, P164 FOX JH, 1976, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V236, P365, DOI 10.1001/jama.236.4.365 HAHN FJY, 1976, AM J ROENTGENOL, V126, P593 JESTE DV, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P247 KAUFMANN CA, 1986, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V21, P799, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90245-3 KUHL DE, 1982, ANN NEUROL, V12, P425, DOI 10.1002/ana.410120504 LANG C, 1985, NEURORADIOLOGY, V27, P161 LARGEN JW, 1984, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V19, P991 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 NEOPHYTIDES AN, 1979, ADV NEUROL, V23, P185 OEPEN G, 1981, J NEUROL, V225, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF00313748 PEARLSON G, 1990, AJNR, V11, P810 SAX DS, 1977, NEUROLOGY, V27, P388 SAX DS, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V18, P21, DOI 10.3109/00207458308985874 Scheffe H, 1959, ANAL VARIANCE SERRA S, 1987, NEURORADIOLOGY, V29, P480 SIMMONS JT, 1986, AM J NEURORADIOL, V7, P25 SOININEN H, 1982, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V45, P50, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.45.1.50 STARKSTEIN SE, 1988, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V51, P1259, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.51.10.1259 STARKSTEIN SE, 1989, NEURORADIOLOGY, V31, P156 STOBER T, 1984, NEURORADIOLOGY, V26, P25 TANAKA Y, 1981, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V63, P191, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00667.x TERRENCE CF, 1977, NEURORADIOLOGY, V13, P173 WOODS BT, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1564 NR 31 TC 52 Z9 52 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1217 EP 1222 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GM675 UT WOS:A1991GM67500042 PM 1763757 ER PT J AU GORDON, AG AF GORDON, AG TI COOCCURRENCE OF DEAFNESS AND INFANTILE-AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN CR DESMOND MM, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P721 GORDON AG, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P470, DOI 10.1007/BF02212945 PLANTADE A, 1976, REV NEUROPSYCH INFAN, V24, P697 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 TAYLOR MJ, 1982, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V9, P429 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 148 IS 11 BP 1615 EP 1615 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GM202 UT WOS:A1991GM20200072 PM 1928502 ER PT J AU PERRY, A AF PERRY, A TI RETT SYNDROME - A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Review ID BIOGENIC-AMINE METABOLITES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; NATURAL-HISTORY; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; REDUCED CONCENTRATIONS; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; POSTMORTEM BRAIN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRAGILE SITES; GIRLS RP PERRY, A (reprint author), THISTLETOWN REG CTR,TRE ADD,51 PANORAMA COURT,REXDALE M9V 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 96 IS 3 BP 275 EP 290 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA GN532 UT WOS:A1991GN53200005 PM 1756032 ER PT J AU HSU, M YEUNGCOURCHESNE, R COURCHESNE, E PRESS, GA AF HSU, M YEUNGCOURCHESNE, R COURCHESNE, E PRESS, GA TI ABSENCE OF MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING EVIDENCE OF PONTINE ABNORMALITY IN INFANTILE-AUTISM SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAIN; SIZE; INDIVIDUALS; HYPOPLASIA AB In vivo studies involving magnetic resonance imaging and studies of neuropathologic specimens have shown that autism is most consistently associated with developmental hypoplasia of the neocerebellum. We investigated whether the cerebellar hypoplasia was accompanied by gross structural abnormalities in the major input (cerebrocerebellar) and output (cerebrorubral) pathways to the cerebellum by measuring the area of the ventral pons (including the pontine nuclei and the transverse fibers) and the midbrain on midsagittal magnetic resonance images in 34 autistic and 44 subjects. The area of the entire pons and several regions of interest within the midbrain (including the superior and inferior colliculi) were also determined with midsagittal magnetic resonance images. We found no significant difference between measurements of the pons and midbrain in autistic and control subjects. Our data show no evidence of gross anatomic abnormalities in the input and output pathways to the cerebellum in autism, a finding that is consistent with previous studies of neuropathologic specimens; rather, the reduced size of the neocerebellum in autism appears to be the result of maldevelopment within the cerebellum itself. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,8001 FROST ST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. 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Neurol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1160 EP 1163 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GP074 UT WOS:A1991GP07400014 PM 1953402 ER PT J AU OZBAYRAK, KR KAPUCU, O ERDEM, E ARAS, T AF OZBAYRAK, KR KAPUCU, O ERDEM, E ARAS, T TI LEFT OCCIPITAL HYPOPERFUSION IN A CASE WITH THE ASPERGER SYNDROME SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Note DE ASPERGER SYNDROME; CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW; AUTISM ID AUTISM; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE AB The Asperger syndrome, a less severe variant of autism, has drawn increasing interest among child psychiatrists. Cerebral blood flow studies with autistic subjects have failed to reveal consistent findings. We are reporting a case with the Asperger syndrome, whose single photon emission computed tomography showed left occipital hypoperfusion. C1 HACETTEPE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NUCL MED,ANKARA,TURKEY. HACETTEPE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ANKARA,TURKEY. RP OZBAYRAK, KR (reprint author), HACETTEPE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ANKARA 06100,TURKEY. CR DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 HEROLD S, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P823 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x ZILBOVICIUS M, 1990, NUCLEAR MED QUANTITA, P506 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0387-7604 J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN JI Brain Dev. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 13 IS 6 BP 454 EP 456 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HD005 UT WOS:A1991HD00500013 PM 1810164 ER PT J AU GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, L AF GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, L TI DEPRESSION IN AUTISTIC DISORDER SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Note ID BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN AB Depressive illness in a patient with Down's syndrome and autism responded to fluoxetine. The importance of diagnosing superimposed depression in people with developmental disorders is emphasised. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,HOSP CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP GHAZIUDDIN, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,TAUBMAN CTR,BOX 0390,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P440, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00011 GATH A, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P156, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.2.156 Gibson D., 1978, DOWNS SYNDROME PSYCH GILLBERG C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01531783 HAMILTON M, 1960, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V23, P56, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 KAZDIN AE, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1040 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02408557 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x REYNOLDS WM, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P93 Sparrow S., 1985, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 1991 VL 159 BP 721 EP 723 DI 10.1192/bjp.159.5.721 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GQ106 UT WOS:A1991GQ10600023 PM 1836747 ER PT J AU FOTHERINGHAM, JB AF FOTHERINGHAM, JB TI AUTISM - ITS PRIMARY PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TEMPORAL CORTEX; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; VISUAL PROPERTIES; CHILDREN; NEURONS; MACAQUE; CELLS; FACES AB Autism is a perplexing condition because of its unique presenting signs and high degree of variability. Evidence is presented that the basic underlying information processing disorder is a dysfunction of the appreciation of the emotional significance of incoming stimuli and attaching motivational value to the stimuli. 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J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 36 IS 9 BP 686 EP 692 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GR471 UT WOS:A1991GR47100013 PM 1773407 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, RJ AF ROBINSON, RJ TI CAUSES AND ASSOCIATIONS OF SEVERE AND PERSISTENT SPECIFIC SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEX-CHROMOSOME ANOMALIES; FRAGILE X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; HANDEDNESS; POPULATION AB Eighty-two school-age children with severe and persistent specific speech and language disorders were studied. 71 had specific developmental language disorders, three had structural malformations (cleft palate) and eight had disorders acquired after a period of normal language development, including five with Landau-Kleffner syndrome. The sex ratio was 3.8 boys to one girl. Nearly half had a family history of speech-language disorder, with one in 5.2 affected siblings. Aetiological factors were found in 26 per cent: 11 per cent prenatal, 3 per cent perinatal and 12 per cent postnatal. 21 per cent had had a seizure and 7 per cent had had seizures after the age of eight. 29 per cent were left-handed, 90 per cent were clumsy and 22 per cent first walked after 18 months. The complex origins of specific speech and language disorders are discussed. C1 UNITED MED & DENT SCH GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP,PAEDIAT,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. 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PD NOV PY 1991 VL 33 IS 11 BP 943 EP 962 PG 20 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA GL119 UT WOS:A1991GL11900002 PM 1720749 ER PT J AU AITKEN, K AF AITKEN, K TI DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES IN AUTISM - ARE WE MEASURING THE EMPEROR FOR ANOTHER SUIT OF CLOTHES SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Note ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DSM-III; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; SCALE; PERSONALITY; BEHAVIOR RP AITKEN, K (reprint author), ROYAL HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,EDINBURGH EH9 1LF,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. CR AITKEN K, 1991, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, V33, P930 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAGLEY C, 1989, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V69, P1264 BARNARD PJ, 1991, COGNITION EMOTION, V5, P1, DOI 10.1080/02699939108411021 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P162, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00006 CANTWELL DP, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P691, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198909000-00009 DELONG GR, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P229 DEMB HB, 1989, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V10, P292 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 FEIN D, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P127 FREEMAN BJ, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P576, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61012-8 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Frith U. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1015 EP 1020 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA GL119 UT WOS:A1991GL11900010 PM 1743424 ER PT J AU ERWIN, R VANLANCKER, D GUTHRIE, D SCHWAFEL, J TANGUAY, P BUCHWALD, JS AF ERWIN, R VANLANCKER, D GUTHRIE, D SCHWAFEL, J TANGUAY, P BUCHWALD, JS TI P3 RESPONSES TO PROSODIC STIMULI IN ADULT AUTISTIC SUBJECTS SO ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE P3; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; PROSODY; AUTISM; LINGUISTIC STIMULI ID ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; ENDOGENOUS POTENTIALS; HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION; AUDITORY INFORMATION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; INTERVIEW AB Autistic persons are known to have serious abnormalities in speech prosody. The present study attempted to ascertain whether autistic persons could discriminate and/or recognize prosodic contrasts in auditory stimuli. A group of 11 adult autistic subjects with normal IQ and an age-matched group of normal subjects were studied electrophysiologically and behaviorally during presentations of prosodic and phonemic stimuli. The cognitive P3 potential was recorded in response to rare (20%)/frequent (80%) presentations of phonemic stimuli, 'ba/pa,' linguistic-prosodic stimuli, 'Bob.' (statement)/'Bob?' (question), and emotional-prosodic stimuli, 'Bob' (happy)/'Bob' (angry). Behaviorally, auditory discrimination was tested by requiring a button-press response to each presentation of the rare target stimulus and cognitive association was tested by requiring a match between the verbalized stimulus and an appropriate picture/word. Contrary to our hypothesis, the autistic subjects generally showed normal P3 responses to all stimuli and performed at a normal level in all behavioral tests. However, a significant autistic P3 response to the phoneme 'pa' was not demonstrated. This surprising result was reexamined and shown to reflect an unusually large autistic response to 'pa' as the frequent stimulus in the first recording block', this initial hyper-reactivity prevented a 'frequent/rare' differential when 'pa' was presented as the rare stimulus in a later recording block. In the P3 latency window, both the autistic and control groups showed the largest amplitude responses to emotional-prosodic stimuli; neither the NI nor P2 showed these stimulus effects. Thus, 'emotional sounds' appear to be particularly effective in activating the neural substrate of the P3 generator system. Overall, these data indicate remarkably normal P3 and behavioral processing of prosodic stimuli by the high-functioning autistic subjects of this study. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,BRAIN RES INST,DEPT PHYSIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,MENTAL RETARDAT RES CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. 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S., 1990, EVENT RELATED POTENT, P57 CHAMBERS WJ, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P696 CIESIELSKI KT, 1990, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V75, P207, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90174-I COURCHESNE E, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P238, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90063-7 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 GOLDFARB W, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01537616 GUTHRIE D, 1991, IN PRESS PSYCHOPHYSI HALGREN E, 1980, SCIENCE, V210, P803, DOI 10.1126/science.7434000 HARRISON JB, 1988, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V69, P55, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(88)90035-1 HERJANIC B, 1977, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V5, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF00913088 HICKS J, 1972, PRINCIPLES LANGUAGE, P137 MILLERRG, 1966, SIMULTANEOUS STATIST NIWA S, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01531357 NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 NOVICK B, 1979, PSYCHIAT RES, V1, P101, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90034-9 OKADA YC, 1983, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V55, P417, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90130-X PRITCHARD WS, 1987, INT J NEUROSCI, V35, P105 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUSSELL A, IN PRESS J AM ACAD C SEDLACKOVA E, 1975, FOLIA PHONIATR, V27, P157 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SQUIRES NK, 1983, TUTORIALS ERP RES EN, P217 VANLANCKER D, 1989, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V5, P207 1985, STATISTICAL ANAL SYS 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0013-4694 J9 ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO JI Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 80 IS 6 BP 561 EP 571 DI 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90139-O PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Clinical Neurology SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA GU514 UT WOS:A1991GU51400013 PM 1720733 ER PT J AU OZONOFF, S PENNINGTON, BF ROGERS, SJ AF OZONOFF, S PENNINGTON, BF ROGERS, SJ TI EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS IN HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS - RELATIONSHIP TO THEORY OF MIND SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; THEORY OF MIND ID CARD SORTING TEST; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDS APPRAISAL; LEVEL AUTISM; EMOTION; COMMUNICATION; DISABILITIES; PERFORMANCE AB A group of high-functioning autistic individuals was compared to a clinical control group matched on VIQ, age, sex and SES. Significant group differences were found on executive function, theory of mind, emotion perception and verbal memory tests, but not on spatial or other control measures. Second-order theory of mind and executive function deficits were widespread among the autistic group, while first-order theory of mind deficits were found in only a subset of the sample. The relationship of executive function and theory of mind deficits to each other, and their primacy to autism, are discussed C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210. 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E., 1982, MEASURING EMOTIONS I IZARD CE, 1971, FACE EMOTION, P317 JACOBSON M, 1978, DEV NEUROBIOL, P57 JOHNSON CN, 1982, CHILD DEV, V53, P222, DOI 10.2307/1129656 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LANGDELL T, 1981, THESIS LONDON U COLL LORING DW, 1987, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V9, P340, DOI 10.1080/01688638708405055 LURIA AR, 1981, HIGHER CORTICAL FUNC NOVIC J, 1984, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V144, P533, DOI 10.1192/bjp.144.5.533 OSWALD DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF02212723 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PENNINGTON B, 1991, ROCHESTER S DEV PSYC, V3 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PREMACK D, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P515 PRICE BH, 1990, BRAIN, V113, P1383, DOI 10.1093/brain/113.5.1383 PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 ROBINSON AL, 1980, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V48, P605, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.48.5.605 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 Sattler JM, 1988, ASSESSMENT CHILDRENS Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01531780 SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x Shallice T., 1982, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY COGN, P199 Sigman M., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P103 STEEL JG, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P704 STUSS DT, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P3, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.1.3 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1989, 1989 SOC RES CHILD D TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01531340 VERNON PE, 1972, J PERS, V40, P366, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1972.tb00068.x VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF01531788 WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x WELLMAN HM, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P910, DOI 10.2307/1130367 WELSH MC, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1697, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03560.x WELSH MC, 1991, IN PRESS DEV NEUROPS WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Witkin HA, 1971, MANUAL EMBEDDED FIGU World Health Organization, 1989, INT CLASS DIS NR 79 TC 719 Z9 724 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1081 EP 1105 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PG 25 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GX440 UT WOS:A1991GX44000003 PM 1787138 ER PT J AU OZONOFF, S ROGERS, SJ PENNINGTON, BF AF OZONOFF, S ROGERS, SJ PENNINGTON, BF TI ASPERGERS SYNDROME - EVIDENCE OF AN EMPIRICAL DISTINCTION FROM HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE ASPERGERS SYNDROME; AUTISM; THEORY OF MIND ID LEARNING-DISABILITY; NORMAL-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION AB This study compared the neuropsychological profiles of individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger's syndrome (AS). In comparison with matched controls, both groups were impaired on executive function tests. Only the HFA group demonstrated deficits in theory of mind and verbal memory, performing more poorly than both controls and AS subjects. These results suggest that: (1) HFA and AS are empirically distinguishable on measures independent of diagnostic criteria, and (2) impairment on theory of mind measures is not universally found among individuals with autistic spectrum conditions. The primacy of executive function and theory of mind deficits to autism is discussed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ASPERGER H, 1944, IN PRESS AUTISM ASPE BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x BOWLER DM, 1989, 1989 LOND C BRIT PSY BOWMAN EP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P377, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.377 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01531783 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PENNINGTON B, 1991, ROCHESTER S DEV PSYC, V3 ROGERS SJ, 1991, IN PRESS DEV PSYCHOP Rourke B. P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D SCHOPLER E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01531780 SCOTT DW, 1985, PSYCHOL MED, V15, P683 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P515, DOI 10.1007/BF01531717 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1989, 1989 SOC R ES CHILD TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x TASI LY, 1988, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V2, P1 TRANEL D, 1987, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V3, P113 VANLANCKER D, 1989, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V5, P207 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF01531788 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb01704.x World Health Organization, 1989, INT CLASS DIS NR 33 TC 226 Z9 230 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1107 EP 1122 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GX440 UT WOS:A1991GX44000004 PM 1787139 ER PT J AU TAGERFLUSBERG, H ANDERSON, M AF TAGERFLUSBERG, H ANDERSON, M TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINGENT DISCOURSE ABILITY IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; DOWN SYNDROME; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; DISCOURSE ID IMMEDIATE ECHOLALIA; RESPONSE ADEQUACY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DOWNS-SYNDROME; COMMUNICATION; MIND; ACQUISITION; CONVERSATIONS; KNOWLEDGE; LANGUAGE AB This study investigated communicative competence in autistic children. Six autistic boys were matched to six children with Down syndrome on age and language level. For each child four samples of spontaneous speech over the course of 1 year were analysed. Child utterances were coded for adjacency, contingency and various categories of contingent discourse that either did or did not add new information. Autistic children were found to be more non-contingent, and to show no developmental change in their contingent discourse, especially in categories of contingent discourse that added new information. RP TAGERFLUSBERG, H (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02125, USA. RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009 CR BALL J, 1978, THESIS MELBOURNE U Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bates E., 1976, LANGUAGE CONTEXT ACQ BERNARDOPITZ V, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P99 BLOOM L, 1976, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V8, P521, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(76)90017-7 BRETHERTON I, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P906, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.6.906 BRUNER JS, 1975, J CHILD LANG, V32, P1 CAPARULO B, 1977, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V15, P620 COGGINS TE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P687, DOI 10.1007/BF02211886 Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 CREAK M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01537623 CURCIO F, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF01487261 DENCKLA MB, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60229-6 FAY D, 1982, HDB APPLIED PSYCHOLI, P393 FELDMAN CF, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P126 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN HURTIG R, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01531674 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1946, AM J PSYCHIAT, V103, P242 KEENAN E., 1974, J CHILD LANG, V1, P163 LEIFER JS, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P610 LEITER MJ, 1974, TESTS PRINT, V2 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LOVELAND KA, 1989, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V10, P301, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000864X MCEVOY RE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P657, DOI 10.1007/BF02211883 MCHALE SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF02408289 MERMELSTEIN R, 1983, 8TH ANN BOST U C LAN Miller J. F., 1985, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG PACCIACOOPER J, 1981, 6TH ANN BOST U C LAN Paul R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P61 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PRIZANT BM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P241 PRIZANT BM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P183 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 Schopler E., 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE SHATZ M, 1983, COGNITION, V14, P301, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90008-2 Snedecor G.W., 1967, STATISTICAL METHODS TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1982, 1981 P INT C AUT, P103 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206853 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01531340 Tager-Flusberg H, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P92 WAKABAYASHI S, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531289 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WETHERBY AM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531661 NR 50 TC 78 Z9 78 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1134 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00353.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GX440 UT WOS:A1991GX44000005 PM 1838537 ER PT J AU HOBSON, RP AF HOBSON, RP TI METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES FOR EXPERIMENTS ON AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS PERCEPTION AND UNDERSTANDING OF EMOTION SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; EMOTION RECOGNITION; SOCIAL COGNITION; EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDS APPRAISAL; JOINT ATTENTION; KNOWLEDGE; DEFICITS; COMMUNICATION; EXPRESSIONS; LANGUAGE; ABILITY; PEOPLE AB The purpose of this paper is to consider problems that arise in designing and interpreting experimental investigations of autistic children's capacities for perceiving and understanding emotion, and to offer a review of published studies. 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CR BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 BUCK R, 1982, DEV NONVERBAL BEHAV, P29 Chapman JP, 1973, DISORDERED THOUGHT S DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01538169 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL DUNN LM, 1965, EXPANDED MANUAL PEAB FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 Fraiberg S., 1977, INSIGHTS BLIND Frijda NH, 1953, ACTA PSYCHOL, V9, P294, DOI 10.1016/0001-6918(53)90021-3 GILLIES S, 1965, J MENT DEFIC RES, V9, P89 HAMLYN D, 1982, SOCIAL COGNITION STU, P17 HAMLYN DW, 1978, EXPERIENCE GROWTH UN Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Hermelin B, 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE, P283 HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 Hinde R. 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RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466 CR Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Schopler E., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU SNOWLING M, 1987, DYSLEXIA COGNITIVE VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1167 EP 1168 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00356.x PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GX440 UT WOS:A1991GX44000008 PM 1787142 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C AF GILLBERG, C TI DEBATE AND ARGUMENT - IS AUTISM A PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Discussion ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CTR,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BAIRD G, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P363 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILLBERG C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P569 GILLBERG IC, 1991, IN PRESS DEV MED CHI, V33 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organization, 1990, INT CLASS DIS, V10th NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1169 EP 1170 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00357.x PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GX440 UT WOS:A1991GX44000009 PM 1787143 ER PT J AU WENK, GL NAIDU, S CASANOVA, MF KITT, CA MOSER, H AF WENK, GL NAIDU, S CASANOVA, MF KITT, CA MOSER, H TI ALTERED NEUROCHEMICAL MARKERS IN RETTS SYNDROME SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASAL FOREBRAIN NEURONS; BIOGENIC-AMINES; POSTMORTEM BRAIN; DISEASE; METABOLITES; MEMBRANES; DEMENTIA; BINDING; AUTISM; SITES AB Rett's syndrome (RS) is a neurologic disorder associated with severe mental deficiency and neurologic manifestations of cortical and extrapyramidal origin. The present report is a preliminary postmortem brain study that compares the levels of endogenous biogenic amines and selected neurotransmitter receptors in five cases with RS and six normal controls of similar age. The level of choline acetyltransferase activity was reduced in several cortical and subcortical regions. Endogenous levels of dopamine in the superior frontal and superior temporal gyri, occipital cortex, and putamen were reduced. The changes in specific neurotransmitter markers, particularly those associated with the basal ganglia and cortex, may underlie the progressive deterioration in motor and cognitive function characteristic of this progressive disorder. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,NEUROMNEMON LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. KENNEDY INST HANDICAPPED CHILDREN,BALTIMORE,MD. NIMH,INTRAMURAL RES PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT NEUROL & PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,NEUROPATHOL LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NIMH,CLIN BRAIN DISORDERS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. RP WENK, GL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DIV NEURAL SYST MEMORY & AGING,384 LIFE SCI N BLDG,TUCSON,AZ 85724, USA. CR BAUDRY M, 1981, J NEUROCHEM, V36, P811, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01666.x BRUCKE T, 1987, J NEURAL TRANSM, V68, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF02098506 COLLERTON D, 1986, NEUROSCIENCE, V19, P1, DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90002-3 COMINGS DE, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P383 FONNUM F, 1969, BIOCHEM J, V115, P465 GILLBERG C, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P365 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 KITT CA, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P416 LEKMAN A, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P357, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90049-0 LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MONAHAN JB, 1987, J NEUROCHEM, V48, P1699, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05726.x PERRY TL, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V112, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80060-X Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 RIEDERER P, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P351 SWANN AC, 1988, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V27, P611, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(88)90182-7 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 WENK G, 1987, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V101, P325, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.101.3.325 WHITEHOUSE PJ, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V13, P243, DOI 10.1002/ana.410130304 WHITEHOUSE PJ, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V10, P122, DOI 10.1002/ana.410100203 ZAPPELLA M, 1986, WIEN MED WOCHENSCHR, V122, P98 ZOGHBI HY, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P921, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198510103131504 ZOGHBI HY, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P56, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250109 NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1753 EP 1756 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GQ467 UT WOS:A1991GQ46700010 PM 1658685 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, N HERMELIN, B AF OCONNOR, N HERMELIN, B TI TALENTS AND PREOCCUPATIONS IN IDIOTS-SAVANTS SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CALENDRICAL CALCULATORS; CHILDREN; MEMORY; IMPAIRMENTS AB The question was asked whether a diagnosis of autism or a tendency to repetitive behaviour and preoccupation with a restricted area of interest, were crucial features of idiot-savant talents. Answers by caretakers to a questionnaire on these topics revealed that autistic and non-autistic savants resembled each other closely in preoccupation but differed from controls matched for IQ and diagnosis. In addition, the mentally handicapped showed fewer repetitive tendencies than did autistic controls. It is concluded that independent of diagnosis, preoccupations and repetitive behaviour appear to be closely associated with the manifestation of idiot-savant talents. RP OCONNOR, N (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST EDUC,MRC,DEV PSYCHOL PROJECT,18 WOBURN SQ,LONDON WC1N 0NS,ENGLAND. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V28, P193 CARLYLE T, 1870, HIST FREDERICK II PR HERMELIN B, 1987, PSYCHOL MED, V17, P685 HERMELIN B, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01563.x HERMELIN B, 1986, PSYCHOL MED, V16, P885 HILL AL, 1977, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V44, P161 LEWIS A, 1937, LANCET, V1, P1505 Lewis A, 1937, LANCET, V2, P5 MERVAUD C, 1985, STUDIES VOLTAIRE 18T, V234 OCONNOR N, 1984, PSYCHOL MED, V14, P801 OCONNOR N, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P203, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01562.x OCONNOR N, 1987, PSYCHOL MED, V17, P79 OCONNOR N, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V80, P97 RAPAPORT JL, 1989, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE Rimland B., 1978, COGNITIVE DEFECTS DE, P43 SLOBODA JA, 1985, MUSIC PERCEPT, V3, P155 Wing L., 1982, SCHEDULE HANDICAPS B WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01550280 World Health Organization, 1989, INT CLASS DIS NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0033-2917 J9 PSYCHOL MED JI Psychol. Med. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 959 EP 964 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GV147 UT WOS:A1991GV14700013 PM 1780408 ER PT J AU BIKLEN, D SCHUBERT, A AF BIKLEN, D SCHUBERT, A TI NEW WORDS - THE COMMUNICATION OF STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SO REMEDIAL AND SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; ECHOLALIA C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,SCH EDUC,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. SYRACUSE CITY SCH DIST,SYRACUSE,NY. RP BIKLEN, D (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,DIV SPECIAL EDUC & REHABIL,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. CR BALTAXE CAM, 1977, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V42, P376 Baron-Cohen S., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P85 BECKER HS, 1969, ISSUES PARTICIPANT O, P245 BIKLEN D, 1989, SPECIAL ED BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN SK, 1988, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V13, P155 BOGDAN R, 1982, QUALITATIVE RES ED I, P207 CROSSLEY R, 1988, OCT INT SOC AUGM ALT Crossley R., 1980, ANNIES COMING OUT EASTHAM D, 1985, UNDERSTAND Glaser B., 1967, DISCOVERY GROUNDED T Goetz JP, 1984, ETHNOGRAPHY QUALITAT GOODWIN MS, 1969, MENT HYG, V53, P550 Greenfeld Josh, 1978, PLACE NOAH Greenfeld Josh, 1970, CHILD CALLED NOAH Greenfeld Josh, 1986, CLIENT CALLED NOAH Hammersley M., 1983, ETHNOGRAPHY PRINCIPL Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 McCall G., 1969, ISSUES PARTICIPANT O MIRENDA P, 1988, TOP LANG DISORD, V9, P24 MISHLER EG, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P415 Oppenheim Rosalind, 1974, EFFECTIVE TEACHING M Paul R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P61 PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 PRIZANT BM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P241 PRIZANT B, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P289 PRIZANT BM, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P296 PRIZANT BM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P183 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 RIMLAND B, 1990, AUTISM RES REV INT, V4, P3 SCHAWLOW AT, 1985, INTEGRATING MODERATE, P5 Schopler E., 1980, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES Schuler A. L., 1981, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V12, P246 SILBERBERG NE, 1967, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V34, P41 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WHITEHOUSE D, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02409579 WING L, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P27 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x NR 40 TC 48 Z9 48 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 0741-9325 J9 REM SPEC EDUC JI Remedial Spec. Educ. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 12 IS 6 BP 46 EP 57 PG 12 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA GM347 UT WOS:A1991GM34700004 ER PT J AU COMINGS, DE COMINGS, BG MUHLEMAN, D DIETZ, G SHAHBAHRAMI, B TAST, D KNELL, E KOCSIS, P BAUMGARTEN, R KOVACS, BW LEVY, DL SMITH, M BORISON, RL EVANS, DD KLEIN, DN MACMURRAY, J TOSK, JM SVERD, J GYSIN, R FLANAGAN, SD AF COMINGS, DE COMINGS, BG MUHLEMAN, D DIETZ, G SHAHBAHRAMI, B TAST, D KNELL, E KOCSIS, P BAUMGARTEN, R KOVACS, BW LEVY, DL SMITH, M BORISON, RL EVANS, DD KLEIN, DN MACMURRAY, J TOSK, JM SVERD, J GYSIN, R FLANAGAN, SD TI THE DOPAMINE-D2 RECEPTOR LOCUS AS A MODIFYING GENE IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED FAMILY HISTORY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER; TOURETTE SYNDROME; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY; CHILDHOOD PERSONALITY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; D2-DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; LEARNING-DISORDERS; BLOOD SEROTONIN; DRUG-ABUSE AB Objective. - The A1 allele of the Taq I polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene has been earlier reported to occur in 69% of alcoholics, compared with 20% of controls. Other research has reported no significant difference in the prevalence of the A1 allele in alcoholics vs controls and no evidence that the DRD2 gene was linked to alcoholism. We hypothesized that these seemingly conflicting results might be because increases in the prevalence of the A1 allele may not be specific to alcoholism. Thus, we examined other disorders frequently associated with alcoholism or those believed to involve defects in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Design. - Case comparison study. To minimize the effect of racial differences in gene frequencies, the study was restricted to non-Hispanic whites. Setting. - Ambulatory and hospitalized patients. Results. - Among all known controls (n = 314), 77 (24.5%) carried the A1 allele. Of the 69 controls known not to be alcoholics, 10 (14.5%) carried the A1 allele. The prevalence of the A1 allele was significantly increased in patients with Tourette's syndrome (44.9%, n = 147), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (46.2%, n = 104), autism (54.5%, n = 33), alcoholism (42.3%, n = 104), and posttraumatic stress disorder (45.7%, n = 35). After correction for multiple comparisons (requiring P < .0009 for significance), all remained significant except posttraumatic stress disorder. The prevalence of the A1 allele was not significantly increased in patients with depression, panic attacks, Parkinson's disease, or obesity. The prevalence of the A1 allele in drug addiction and schizophrenia was only significant when compared with that of controls who were not alcoholics, and no correction was made for multiple comparisons. Conclusion. - These results suggest the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene is associated with a number of behavior disorders in which it may act as a modifying gene rather than as the primary etiological agent. C1 CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,BECKMAN RES INT,DIV NEUROSCI,DUARTE,CA 91010. MCLEAN HOSP,DEPT RES,BELMONT,MA 02178. HILLSIDE HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT RES,GLEN OAKS,NY. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHOL,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. JERRY L PETTIS MEM VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LOMA LINDA,GA. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,CORNELL UNIV MED COLL,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MANHASSET,NY 11030. VET ADM MED CTR,PSYCHIAT SERV,AUGUSTA,GA 30904. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. RP COMINGS, DE (reprint author), CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,DEPT MED GENET,1500 E DUARTE RD,DUARTE,CA 91010, USA. 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Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 2 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 13 BP 1793 EP 1800 DI 10.1001/jama.266.13.1793 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GG551 UT WOS:A1991GG55100031 PM 1832466 ER PT J AU SMALLEY, S TANGUAY, P SMITH, M AF SMALLEY, S TANGUAY, P SMITH, M TI ASSOCIATION OF AUTISM AND TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PEDIAT,IRVINE,CA 92717. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30900861 ER PT J AU BARLETTA, C RAGUSA, RM GASBARRA, R GRECO, S AF BARLETTA, C RAGUSA, RM GASBARRA, R GRECO, S TI FRA (X) SYNDROME AND SMALL MARKER CHROMOSOMES IN AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OASI INST,TROINA,ITALY. OSPED S CAMILLO ROMA,ROME,ITALY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30901449 ER PT J AU MORIZON, G SCHLACK, L BRITO, J VALENZUELA, M AF MORIZON, G SCHLACK, L BRITO, J VALENZUELA, M TI CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY AND AUTISM IN A CHILEAN POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CATHOLIC UNIV CHILE,SCH MED,CYTOGENET LAB,SANTIAGO,CHILE. CATHOLIC UNIV CHILE,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,SANTIAGO,CHILE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 270 EP 270 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30901488 ER PT J AU SCHOFIELD, B BABU, A PENCHASZADEH, Y GRANT, A VINE, D AF SCHOFIELD, B BABU, A PENCHASZADEH, Y GRANT, A VINE, D TI AUTISM AND 47, XX + INV DUP (15)-KARYOTYPE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP JOINT DIS & MED CTR,INST ORTHOPAED,NEW YORK,NY 10003. BETH ISRAEL MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10003. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30901520 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, IC AF GILLBERG, IC TI AUTISTIC SYNDROME WITH ONSET AT AGE 31 YEARS - HERPES-ENCEPHALITIS AS A POSSIBLE MODEL FOR CHILDHOOD AUTISM SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The author describes a previously healthy man who contracted herpes encephalitis at the age of 31 years, and over the following months developed all the symptoms considered diagnostic of autism. This case report casts doubt on the notion of autism as an exclusively developmental disorder. It is suggested that temporal lobe damage may cause autism in some cases. RP GILLBERG, IC (reprint author), UNIV GOTEBORG,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,CTR CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR ANDERSSON L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT GILLBERG C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF01531665 Kluver H, 1938, J PSYCHOL, V5, P33 MARLOWE W B, 1975, Cortex, V11, P53 STEFFENBURG S, 1990, NEUROBIOLOGICAL CORR TERZIAN H, 1955, NEUROLOGY, V5, P373 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC, V3 NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 33 IS 10 BP 920 EP 924 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA GH380 UT WOS:A1991GH38000013 PM 1743418 ER PT J AU AITKEN, K AF AITKEN, K TI EXAMINING THE EVIDENCE FOR A COMMON STRUCTURAL BASIS TO AUTISM SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN; CEREBELLAR; CHILDREN; TOMOGRAPHY; DISORDERS; ASYMMETRIES; HYPOPLASIA; METABOLISM; MIGRATION RP AITKEN, K (reprint author), ROYAL HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,SCI RD,EDINBURGH EH9 1LF,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. CR AITKEN KJ, IN PRESS DEV MED CHI, V33 ANDREASEN NA, 1989, BRAIN IMAGING APPLIC Anninos P.A., 1989, MODELS BRAIN FUNCTIO, P405 BALLOTTIN U, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P109 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 CAPARULO BK, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P338, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60993-6 Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DARBY JK, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01537911 Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO DUFFY FH, 1980, ANN NEUROL, V7, P421, DOI 10.1002/ana.410070506 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILMAN S, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P775, DOI 10.1002/ana.410280608 HATTEN ME, 1990, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V13, P179, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90044-B HERNDON RM, 1971, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V30, P196, DOI 10.1097/00005072-197104000-00002 HEROLD S, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P823 HIER DB, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531531 HOLROYD S, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P287, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)91291-X HOROWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 KLEIMAN MD, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P422 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 NOWAKOWSKI RS, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P568, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01402.x PERCY A, 1990, NEUROL CLIN, V8, P659 PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 RAKIC P, 1971, J COMP NEUROL, V141, P283, DOI 10.1002/cne.901410303 REISS AL, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1152 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 Schopler E., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU TSAI LY, 1983, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V18, P317 WEINBERGER DR, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P359 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 Wing L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 33 IS 10 BP 933 EP 934 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA GH380 UT WOS:A1991GH38000015 ER PT J AU KOHENRAZ, R AF KOHENRAZ, R TI APPLICATION OF TETRA-ATAXIAMETRIC POSTUROGRAPHY IN CLINICAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DIAGNOSIS SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM RP KOHENRAZ, R (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH EDUC,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. CR AYALON A, 1988, 9 P INT C SPORT PHYS BARIGANT P, 1972, AGRESSOLOGIE, V13, P69 BLACK FO, 1982, AM J OTOL, V3, P384 BLACK FO, 1978, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V87, P853 BRANDT T, 1976, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V223, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00367449 BUTTERWORTH C, 1978, PERCEPTION, V7, P515 *CNRS, 1989, 9TH S COLBERT EG, 1958, J PEDIATR-US, V53, P219, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(58)80174-2 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P778 De Wit G, 1972, AGRESSOLOGIE, V13, P75 Edwards AS, 1942, AM J PSYCHOL, V55, P171, DOI 10.2307/1417077 *FREE U AMST, 1986, 8TH S ISMAIL AH, 1969, RES QUART, V40, P83 KAPTEYN TS, 1972, AGRESSOLOGIE, V13, P75 KOHENRAZ R, 1979, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V48, P871 KOHENRAZ R, 1986, LEARNING DISABILITIE KOHENRAZ R, 1991, NIH NS25026 HEBR U P KOHENRAZ R, 1970, PEDIATRICS, V46, P276 KOHENRAZ R, UNPUB POSTUROGRAPHIC KOHENRAZ R, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE *KYOT U MED SCH, 1986, 7TH S Levinson H.N., 1980, SOLUTION RIDDLE DYSL LEVINSON HR, 1984, SMARK FEELING DUMB Miles W. R., 1922, J IND HYGIENE, V3, P316 NIGG BM, 1975, THESIS SWISS I TECHN OKUBO J, 1980, AGRESSOLOGIE, V21, P3 ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 ORNITZ EM, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V19, P85, DOI 10.3109/00207458309148648 Schrager OC, 1979, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL F SINGER RN, 1968, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V27, P1323 THOMAS DP, 1959, J ANAT, V93, P524 TRAVIS RC, 1945, J EXP PSYCHOL, V35, P216, DOI 10.1037/h0059788 1990, 1990 P BIANN S INT S NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD OCT PY 1991 VL 73 IS 2 BP 635 EP 656 DI 10.2466/PMS.73.5.635-656 PG 22 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA GR223 UT WOS:A1991GR22300050 PM 1766798 ER PT J AU FRITH, U MORTON, J LESLIE, AM AF FRITH, U MORTON, J LESLIE, AM TI THE COGNITIVE BASIS OF A BIOLOGICAL DISORDER - AUTISM SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; MIND; KNOWLEDGE; COMMUNICATION; IMPAIRMENTS; LANGUAGE; ORIGINS; PEOPLE AB This article summarizes recent evidence indicating that individuals suffering from austin have a specific problem in understanding intentions and beliefs. We propose that this problem arises because they are incapable of forming a special kind of mental representation. A single congnitive deficit defines what is common to all autistic individuals. In contrast there is a wide range of proposals for the biological origins of the disorder. RP FRITH, U (reprint author), MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,17 GORDON ST,LONDON WC1H 0AH,ENGLAND. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466 CR Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND ASTINGTON JW, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P7 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 COGGINS TE, 1983, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V18, P98 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P144 EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 FRITH U, 1989, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V24, P123 FRITH U, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, P19 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GILLBERG C, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P879 GILLBERG CL, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Leslie A. M., 1988, THOUGHT LANGUAGE, P185 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 MORTON J, 1989, NEW SCI, V124, P44 Mundy P., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P3 OZONOFF S, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Paul R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P61 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x ROTH D, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P315 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x Schopler E., 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE SCHOPLER E, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGY ISSUES Schopler E, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT SCHOPLER E, 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A Sigman M., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P103 SODIAN B, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206853 TSAI LY, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P83 VANENGELAND H, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P879 Volkmar F., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P41 WING L, 1976, PSYCHOL MED, V6, P89 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, pR5 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 WULFF SB, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531600 1991, COMMUNICATION, V25, P26 NR 57 TC 193 Z9 195 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0166-2236 J9 TRENDS NEUROSCI JI Trends Neurosci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 10 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GJ650 UT WOS:A1991GJ65000004 PM 1722361 ER PT J AU MURAYAMA, K GREENWOOD, RS RAO, KW AYLSWORTH, AS AF MURAYAMA, K GREENWOOD, RS RAO, KW AYLSWORTH, AS TI NEUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEL(1Q) SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DELETION 1Q42-43; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-PAIR-1; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; GENETICS ID 1Q DELETION SYNDROME; DISTAL LONG ARM; TERMINAL DELETION; CHROMOSOME-1; NEWBORN; (1)(Q42); INFANT AB We have studied three children with de novo terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 1 (46,XX,del(1)(q43)). They all have minor anomalies and neurological signs (severe psychomotor developmental delay, generalized hypotonia, and seizures) that have been described previously. In addition, all of these three patients have autistic-like behavior. They avoid eye contact, show no interest in people, express little emotion, and repeat stereotypic movements such as head nodding and purposeless finger manipulation. They also spend excessive time in making unusual sounds consisting of a high-pitched shrill cry with little intonation in infancy and a harsh, strained, and glottal stridency in later life. They make no labial, lingual, or nasal sounds. We suggest that these observations may be unique clinical manifestations of certain terminal 1q deletions. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,BRAIN & DEV RES CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP MURAYAMA, K (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,CB 7025,BURNETT WOMACK BLDG 751,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. CR ANDRLE M, 1978, HUM GENET, V41, P115 BRUNS GAP, 1989, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V51, P67, DOI 10.1159/000132781 DIGNAN PSJ, 1979, HUM GENET, V48, P151, DOI 10.1007/BF00286898 GARANI GP, 1988, J MED GENET, V25, P211, DOI 10.1136/jmg.25.3.211 GOLBI M, 1982, AM J HUM GENET, V34, P125 HALAL F, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P379, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320350313 JOHNSON VP, 1985, AM J MED GENET, V22, P685, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320220405 JUBERG RC, 1981, AM J HUM GENET, V33, P455 KAUSCH K, 1988, ANN GENET-PARIS, V31, P193 KESSEL E, 1978, HUM GENET, V42, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF00291316 Mankinen C B, 1976, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, V12, P131 MANOUVRIERHANU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V25, P599, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320250324 MEINECKE P, 1987, AM J MED GENET, V28, P371, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320280215 MOLINA M, 1978, AN ESP PEDIATR, V11, P729 MONSEN RB, 1979, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V22, P270 MONTERO MR, 1984, ANN GENET-PARIS, V27, P178 Neibuhr E., 1978, HUM GENET, V44, P227 NEU RL, 1982, ANN GENET-PARIS, V25, P154 NIELSEN L B, 1981, Ugeskrift for Laeger, V143, P2500 REED T, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V29, P685, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320290333 RIBEIRO MCM, 1987, ANN GENET-PARIS, V30, P126 SPEEVAK M, 1985, ANN GENET-PARIS, V28, P177 TOLKENDORF E, 1989, CLIN GENET, V35, P289 TURLEAU C, 1983, ANN GENET-PARIS, V26, P161 VANDYKE DL, 1989, PRENATAL DIAG, V9, P141, DOI 10.1002/pd.1970090212 WATSON MS, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P1, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320240102 WRIGHT LL, 1986, PEDIATRICS, V77, P786 YAMAMOTO Y, 1988, Acta Paediatrica Japonica, V30, P696 ZABEL BU, 1981, CLIN GENET, V19, P544 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 40 IS 4 BP 488 EP 492 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320400424 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GC928 UT WOS:A1991GC92800023 PM 1746617 ER PT J AU ESCALONA, PR MCDONALD, WM DORAISWAMY, PM BOYKO, OB HUSAIN, MM FIGIEL, GS LASKOWITZ, D ELLINWOOD, EH KRISHNAN, KRR AF ESCALONA, PR MCDONALD, WM DORAISWAMY, PM BOYKO, OB HUSAIN, MM FIGIEL, GS LASKOWITZ, D ELLINWOOD, EH KRISHNAN, KRR TI INVIVO STEREOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN CEREBELLAR VOLUME - EFFECTS OF GENDER AND AGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATROPHY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; HYPOPLASIA; PATHOLOGY; AUTISM; CT AB Intermediate T2-weighted MR images and a systematic sampling stereological method were used in 37 normal volunteers, 24 to 79 years old, to assess the effects of age and sex on cerebellar volume. Female subjects (n = 21) had significantly smaller cerebellar volumes compared with males (n = 16) of similar age (t = -3.9, p < .0008, two-tail t test). Using straight-line, univariate regression, we determined that age was not a significant predictor of cerebellar volume (R2 = 0.07, t = -1.66, p = 0.11), whereas gender did appear to account for a significant amount of variability in cerebellar volume (R2 = 0.33, t = -4.13, p = .0002). The mean absolute cerebellar volume in this study was 112 ml (SD +/- 16) for all subjects, 104 ml (SD +/- 10) for females, and 122 ml (SD +/- 16) for males. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using MR images along with a systematic stereological method to assess in vivo human cerebellar volume, thereby providing a research tool to correlate cerebellar morphology with cognitive and neuromotor function. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOX 3215,DURHAM,NC 27710. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SW MED SCH,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DALLAS,TX 75235. CR CAVALIERI B, 1966, GEOMETRA DEGLI INDIV Chalkley HW, 1943, J NATL CANCER I, V4, P47 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 Ellis RS, 1920, J COMP NEUROL, V32, P1, DOI 10.1002/cne.900320102 GUNDERSEN HJG, 1988, APMIS, V96, P379 GUNDERSEN HJG, 1987, J MICROSC-OXFORD, V147, P229 Gutzmann H, 1982, Arch Gerontol Geriatr, V1, P241, DOI 10.1016/0167-4943(82)90026-7 HEATH RG, 1979, J NERV MENT DIS, V167, P585, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197910000-00001 Kandel E. R., 1985, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC KOLLER WC, 1981, NEUROLOGY, V31, P405 KOLLER WC, 1981, NEUROLOGY, V31, P1486 KRISHNAN KR, 1990, LIFE SCI, V47, P1325 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 NASRALLAH HA, 1982, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V43, P439 RAMOS A, 1987, AM J NEURORADIOL, V8, P635 TORVICK A, 1987, ACTA MED SCAND S, V7, P47 Weibel E.R., 1979, STEREOLOGICAL METHOD, V1, P1 WEINBERGER DR, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P359 NR 18 TC 54 Z9 55 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 12 IS 5 BP 927 EP 929 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GD555 UT WOS:A1991GD55500024 PM 1950923 ER PT J AU BALLABANGIL, K RAPIN, I TUCHMAN, R SHINNAR, S AF BALLABANGIL, K RAPIN, I TUCHMAN, R SHINNAR, S TI AUTISM - OUTCOME IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG-ADULTS SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 479 EP 479 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GF514 UT WOS:A1991GF51400126 ER PT J AU MINSHEW, NJ HOLTTUM, J SANDERS, RS PHILLIPS, NE AF MINSHEW, NJ HOLTTUM, J SANDERS, RS PHILLIPS, NE TI CEREBELLAR STRUCTURE IN AUTISM - IMPLICATIONS FOR ETIOLOGY SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GF514 UT WOS:A1991GF51400141 ER PT J AU WERRY, JS AF WERRY, JS TI CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ADULT AUTISM - ISSUES IN DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT - MATSON,JL SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR MATSON JL, 1989, CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENI NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AUSTRALIAN NZ J PSYCHIATRY PI KARRINYUP PA P O BOX 126, KARRINYUP 6018, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-8674 J9 AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT JI Aust. N. Z. J. Psych. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 429 EP 429 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GG346 UT WOS:A1991GG34600031 ER PT J AU TAGERFLUSBERG, H AF TAGERFLUSBERG, H TI SEMANTIC PROCESSING IN THE FREE-RECALL OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN - FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A COGNITIVE DEFICIT SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; AMNESIC SYNDROME; LANGUAGE; MEMORY; CHILDHOOD; MIND; COMMUNICATION; KNOWLEDGE RP TAGERFLUSBERG, H (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02125, USA. 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J. Dev. Psychol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 9 BP 417 EP 430 PN 3 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA GC480 UT WOS:A1991GC48000004 ER PT J AU FERRIER, LJ BASHIR, AS MERYASH, DL JOHNSTON, J WOLFF, P AF FERRIER, LJ BASHIR, AS MERYASH, DL JOHNSTON, J WOLFF, P TI CONVERSATIONAL SKILLS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - A COMPARISON WITH AUTISM AND DOWN-SYNDROME SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS; DOWNS-SYNDROME CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; SPEECH; MALES; RETARDATION; ACQUISITION; RESPONSES AB The conversational skills of 18 individuals with fragile-X syndrome (FXS) were compared with those of two other matched groups with autism and Down syndrome. The FXS group used more eliciting forms in conversation than those with Down syndrome, and also used partial self-repetition more often than the other two groups. The Down syndrome group had more speech dysfluencies than those with autism, but not more than those with FXS. The autistic group used more inappropriate phrases. Qualitative analysis of behavioral phenotype may reveal differences in communicative organization among subgroups whose retardation is based on different genotypes. In addition, analysis of verbal strategies during conversation suggests important differences between individuals with FXS and autism. C1 BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. EMERSON COLL,BOSTON,MA. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,CORNELL MED COLL,MANHASSET,NY 11030. CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP FERRIER, LJ (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT SPEECH LANGUAGE PATHOL & AUDIOL,133 FORSYTH BLDG,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 32 IS 6 BP 897 EP 908 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GK899 UT WOS:A1991GK89900002 PM 1744193 ER PT J AU BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, KH DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, JARAM AF BUITELAAR, JK VANENGELAND, H DEKOGEL, KH DEVRIES, H VANHOOFF, JARAM TI DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AND NON-AUTISTIC RETARDED CONTROLS SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21ST INTERNATIONAL ETHOLOGICAL CONF CY AUG 09-17, 1989 CL UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS DE AUTISM; STRUCTURE OF BEHAVIOR; PRAGMATIC DEFICITS; SOCIAL INTERACTION; ETHOLOGY ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; GAZE BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; ATTENTION; DEFICITS; SCALE C1 STATE UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT COMPARAT PHYSIOL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP BUITELAAR, JK (reprint author), STATE UNIV UTRECHT HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,POB 85500,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RI de Vries, Han/B-9359-2011; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BAUMEISTER AA, 1980, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V8, P501, DOI 10.1007/BF00916503 BUITELAAR JK, 1991, UNPUB ADRENOCORTICOT BUITELAAR JK, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P467, DOI 10.1007/BF02216053 Castell R., 1970, BEHAV STUDIES PSYCHI, P91 CHURCHIL.DW, 1972, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V13, P171, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(72)90023-5 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAVIDS A, 1974, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V5, P108, DOI 10.1007/BF01433272 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GARFIN DG, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P133 Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 HUTT C, 1966, BEHAV SCI, V11, P346, DOI 10.1002/bs.3830110504 LANDRY SH, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01884.x LANGDELL T, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00468.x LEMON RE, 1971, ANIM BEHAV, V19, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(71)80129-X LOOTS GMP, 1985, THESIS FREE U AMSTER LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01531588 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF01487065 OCONNOR N, 1967, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V8, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1967.tb02192.x RICHER J, 1976, ANIM BEHAV, V24, P898, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(76)80020-6 RICHER JM, 1976, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V53, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00074.x RUTTER M, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P497 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x Stutsman R., 1931, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P TIEGERMAN E, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF02408553 Tinbergen N., 1983, AUTISTIC CHILDREN NE VANENGELAND H, 1989, 1989 P INT C BIOL AU VANENGELAND H, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P879 VANHOOFF JA, 1970, EXPERIENTIA, V26, P549 VANHOOFF JAR, 1982, HDB METHODS NONVERBA, P362 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WILKINSON J, 1990, 1990 INT C EXP PSYCH WOLFF S, 1964, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V40, P438, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1964.tb07496.x NR 45 TC 36 Z9 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 32 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1015 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01925.x PG 21 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GK899 UT WOS:A1991GK89900010 PM 1744201 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, NL PERRY, A FACTOR, DC AF FREEMAN, NL PERRY, A FACTOR, DC TI CHILD BEHAVIORS AS STRESSORS - REPLICATING AND EXTENDING THE USE OF THE CARS AS A MEASURE OF STRESS - A RESEARCH NOTE SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Note DE STRESS; AUTISM; PARENTS; PROFESSIONALS ID AUTISM RATING-SCALE; FAMILY STRESS; ADOLESCENTS; ADAPTATION; VALIDITY; MOTHERS; SUPPORT; PARENTS RP FREEMAN, NL (reprint author), TRE ADD RES,THISLETOWN REG CTR,51 PANORAMA COURT,REXDALE M9V 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. CR Abidin R. R., 1983, PARENTING STRESS IND BEBKO JM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF01486971 Bristol M. M., 1984, SEVERELY HANDICAPPED, P91 BRISTOL MM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P469, DOI 10.1007/BF01486964 BRISTOL MM, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P441, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.441 CUTLER BC, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P513 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT DONOVAN AM, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P502 FACTOR DC, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF02206863 FRIEDRICH WN, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P41 GARFIN DG, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02212193 HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00259.x PERRY A, 1989, FAMILIES DEV DISABLE PERRY A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02212717 PERRY A, 1990, THESIS YORK U TORONT SCHOPLER E, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P387, DOI 10.1007/BF01538171 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 STONE WL, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P403, DOI 10.1007/BF02212195 WRIGHT JS, 1984, SEVERELY HANDICAPPED, P51 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1030 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01927.x PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GK899 UT WOS:A1991GK89900012 PM 1744190 ER PT J AU PIVEN, J GAYLE, J LANDA, R WZOREK, M FOLSTEIN, S AF PIVEN, J GAYLE, J LANDA, R WZOREK, M FOLSTEIN, S TI THE PREVALENCE OF FRAGILE-X IN A SAMPLE OF AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS DIAGNOSED USING A STANDARDIZED INTERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; FRAGILE-X; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SWEDISH MULTICENTER; CHROMOSOME; FREQUENCY; CHILDREN; FEMALES; MARKER; EXPRESSION; DISORDERS AB The study examined 75 autistic individuals who met DSM-III-R criteria for autistic disorder at 5 years of age. Diagnosis was based on information elicited using a standardized interview for autism. Two of 75 (2.7%) autistic subjects expressed the fragile X marker (Xq27.3) in 40% of cells counted and had other affected family members. Two additional subjects expressed the fragile X anomaly at low rates (1%). These rates are compared with those reported in other studies. Methodological differences, which may underlie the varying rates reported across studies, are discussed. C1 UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV PSYCHIAT GENET,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CR A. P. A, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BOLTON P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P473, DOI 10.1007/BF02212946 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 BUTLER MG, 1990, HUM GENET, V84, P216 CHUDLEY AE, 1983, AM J MED GENET, V14, P699, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320140412 COHEN IL, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P302, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340240 DEARCE MA, 1984, J MED GENET, V21, P84, DOI 10.1136/jmg.21.2.84 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GALOWAY SM, 1978, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V20, P78 GILBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P447 GILBERG C, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P293 GLOVER TW, 1981, AM J HUM GENET, V33, P234 GOLDFINE PE, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P108 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P375, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230129 HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 HO HH, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02211851 JACOBS PA, 1961, NATURE, V191, P1178, DOI 10.1038/1911178a0 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KNOLL JH, 1984, AM J HUM GENET, V36, P640 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LECOUTEUR A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P458 MCGILLIVRAY BC, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P353, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230127 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 NIELSEN KB, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V23, P537 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 PIVEN J, IN PRESS J AM ACAD C PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 PUESCHEL SM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531503 RAMOS FJ, 1989, AM SOC HUMAN GENETIC RUTTER M, 1988, PREVENTIVE CURATIVE, P265 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x STUTSMAN R, 1931, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P, P139 SUTHERLAND GR, 1983, INT REV CYTOL, V81, P107 SUTHERLAND GR, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P265, DOI 10.1126/science.877551 SUTHERLAND GR, 1979, AM J MED GENET, V31, P234 SUTHERLAND GR, 1990, CLIN GENET, V37, P167 Terman L. M., 1973, STANFORD BINET INTEL TOMMERUP N, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P417, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300142 TURNER G, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P423, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300143 TURNER G, 1980, NEW ENGL J MED, V303, P662, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198009183031202 VENTER PA, 1984, HUM GENET, V67, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF00270567 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 WAHLSTROM J, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P403, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230132 WATSON MS, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, P1462 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WRIGHT HH, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P641, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60288-0 NR 53 TC 32 Z9 32 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 30 IS 5 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80023-1 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA GF283 UT WOS:A1991GF28300020 PM 1938801 ER PT J AU HILTON, DK MARTIN, CA HEFFRON, WM HALL, BD JOHNSON, GL AF HILTON, DK MARTIN, CA HEFFRON, WM HALL, BD JOHNSON, GL TI IMIPRAMINE TREATMENT OF ADHD IN A FRAGILE-X CHILD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; IMIPRAMINE; MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME ID FOLIC-ACID; AUTISM; DESIPRAMINE; POPULATION; EFFICACY AB Fragile X syndrome, an X-linked genetic disorder, is the third most common cause of mental retardation. The following is a case of a 6-year-old boy with fragile X syndrome and its characteristic cognitive and behavioral symptomatology, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, this child experienced initial insomnia and nocturnal enuresis, problems not previously reported with fragile X. Previous pharmacological treatment of the syndrome's behavioral difficulties and attention deficit has included stimulants, folic acid, and neuroleptics. This is the first report of the successful use of imipramine. Imipramine also improved the boy's insomnia and enuresis, whereas methylphenidate caused an overall worsening of his condition. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 30 IS 5 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80024-3 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA GF283 UT WOS:A1991GF28300021 PM 1938802 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI AUTISM - NATURE, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT - DAWSON,G SO SOCIAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review CR Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SOC STUDY SOCIAL BIOLOGY PI PORT ANGELES PA P O BOX 2349, PORT ANGELES, WA 98362 SN 0037-766X J9 SOC BIOL JI Soc. Biol. PD FAL-WIN PY 1991 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Demography; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology SC Demography; Biomedical Social Sciences; Sociology GA HD441 UT WOS:A1991HD44100017 ER PT J AU MOLL, GH SCHMIDT, MH AF MOLL, GH SCHMIDT, MH TI DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE-AUTISM - RESULTS IN THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Review DE INFANTILE AUTISM; THERAPY; REVIEW ARTICLE ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE 4-9; SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL TREATMENT; FREE-TRYPTOPHAN CONCENTRATION; URINARY HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; BLOOD SEROTONIN; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; MONOAMINE METABOLITES RP MOLL, GH (reprint author), ZENT INST SEEL GESUNDHEIT,KINDER & JUGENDPSYCHIAT KLIN,J5,POSTFACH 122120,W-6800 MANNHEIM 1,GERMANY. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 182 EP 203 PG 22 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GJ134 UT WOS:A1991GJ13400008 PM 1962514 ER PT J AU REMSCHMIDT, H AF REMSCHMIDT, H TI AUTISM - GERMAN - KEHRER,HE SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Book Review RP REMSCHMIDT, H (reprint author), UNIV MARBURG,KINDER & JUGENDPSYCHIAT KLIN & POLIKLIN,HANS SACHS STR 6,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. CR KEHRER HE, 1989, AUTISMUS NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-6811 J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GJ134 UT WOS:A1991GJ13400012 ER PT J AU LEINER, HC LEINER, AL DOW, RS AF LEINER, HC LEINER, AL DOW, RS TI THE HUMAN CEREBROCEREBELLAR SYSTEM - ITS COMPUTING, COGNITIVE, AND LANGUAGE-SKILLS SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CEREBELLUM; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; COGNITION; LANGUAGE; ADAPTIVE LEARNING; CEREBROCEREBELLAR MODULE ID ANATOMIC-MR CORRELATION; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRAGILE X-SYNDROME; RHESUS-MONKEY; MORMYRID FISH; CORTICOPONTINE PROJECTION; SAGITTAL PLANE; MENTAL SKILLS; HUMAN-BRAIN; BLOOD-FLOW AB In this review of the human cerebro-cerebellar system, the focus is on the possible contributions of the cerebellum to cognitive and language functions. The role of the cerebellum in these human functions has tended to be obscured by the traditional preoccupation with the motor functions of the cerebellum, which have been widely observed in other vertebrates as well. In the human brain, some phylogenetically new parts evolved and enlarged in the cerebellum, concomitantly with the enlargement of association areas in the cerebral cortex. Anatomical evidence and behavioral evidence combine to suggest that this enlarged cerebellum contributes not only to motor function but also to some sensory, cognitive, linguistic, and emotional aspects of behavior. The anatomical evidence derives from the modularity of the cerebellum, whose cortical nerve cells are organized into longitudinal micro-modules, which are arrayed perpendicular to the cortical surface and parallel to each other. The number of these micro-modules increased when the cerebellum enlarged, which enlarged the computing capabilities of the network. (From principles underlying the processing of information, it is known that when modules with modest processing capabilities are assembled in large numbers in parallel, the resulting network can achieve remarkably powerful computing capabilities.) Such cerebellar computing capabilities can be utilized in the different areas of the cerebral cortex to which the cerebellum sends signals. The cerebellar output connections convey signals through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex in segregated channels of communication, which preserve the modularity of the cerebellum. Through these channels, modules in the lateral cerebellum can send signals to new cognitive and language areas of the cerebral cortex, such as Broca's area in the prefrontal cortex. The anatomy of the human cerebro-cerebellar system therefore suggests that the cerebellum can contribute to the learning not only of motor skills but also of some cognitive and language skills. Supporting this anatomical evidence is the mounting behavioral evidence, obtained both in normal brains and in clinical studies, which indicates that the lateral cerebellum is indeed involved in some cognitive and language functions. C1 CHANNING HOUSE,PALO ALTO,CA 94301. 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PD AUG 29 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0166-4328(05)80016-6 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA GF944 UT WOS:A1991GF94400001 PM 1751002 ER PT J AU REISS, AL FREUND, L TSENG, JE JOSHI, PK AF REISS, AL FREUND, L TSENG, JE JOSHI, PK TI NEUROANATOMY IN FRAGILE-X FEMALES - THE POSTERIOR-FOSSA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; INHERITANCE; HYPOPLASIA; DISABILITY; CARRIERS AB The relative homogeneity of the neuropsychiatric phenotype in individuals with fragile (fra) X syndrome suggests that there are consistent central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities underlying the observed cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. In this study, the neuroanatomy of the posterior fossa and other selected CNS regions in 12 young fra X females were compared with those of a group of 12 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched females without evidence of the fra X syndrome. Fra X females were shown to have decreased size of the posterior cerebellar vermis and increased size of the fourth ventricle, findings that are identical to those previously reported for fra X males. When compared with fra X male and nonfra X control groups, the distribution of the posterior-vermis and fourth-ventricle variables for the fra X female group was intermediate. These results support the hypothesis that the fra X genetic abnormality leads to hypoplasia of the posterior cerebellar vermis, a neuroanatomical variation of potential importance to both developmental and neuropsychiatric syndromes. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BEHAV GENET RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP REISS, AL (reprint author), KENNEDY INST,BEHAV GENET RES CTR,ROOM 507,550 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 49 IS 2 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GA866 UT WOS:A1991GA86600004 PM 1867191 ER PT J AU CIANCHETTI, C SANNIOFANCELLO, G FRATTA, AL MANCONI, F ORANO, A PISCHEDDA, MP PRUNA, D SPINICCI, G ARCHIDIACONO, N FILIPPI, G AF CIANCHETTI, C SANNIOFANCELLO, G FRATTA, AL MANCONI, F ORANO, A PISCHEDDA, MP PRUNA, D SPINICCI, G ARCHIDIACONO, N FILIPPI, G TI NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL, PSYCHIATRIC, AND PHYSICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN 149 MEMBERS FROM 18 FRAGILE-X FAMILIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FRA(X) SYNDROME; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION; INTELLIGENCE PROFILE; PHYSICAL ABNORMALITIES ID FEMALE CARRIERS; AUTISM; MALES AB One hundred forty-nine subjects from 18 families with fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome were evaluated for their neuropsychological, psychiatric, and physical characteristics. The 36 fra(X) males had intelligence quotients ranging from < 20 to 61, which prevented the delineation of a reliable neuropsychological profile. Behaviour fitted DSM-III-R and ADI diagnostic criteria of autism in only 2 subjects, both with very low intelligence level (IQ < 20). Of 36 heterozygotes (HZ), 22 had an IQ between 20 and 80 and 14 between 81 and 99. The neuropsychological profile of the latter was compared with IQ-age-environment-matched 14 normal females and 14 normal males. Significantly poorer results in HZ were found on immediate digit memory and on Raven's progressive matrices (a visuo-spatial test of logical capabilities). The latter result, in conjunction with those results on the Bender visual-motor gestalt test and on some WAIS subtests, suggests a frequent deficit in spatial capabilities in such subjects. Such results tended to be confirmed by the profiles of the 22 HZ with IQ 20-80. No psychiatric abnormalities were found in HZ, except in one subject with IQ < 20 which fitted DSM-III-R and ADI criteria for autism. Typical physical manifestations, especially cranio-facial, were more frequently present in the HZ group with lower IQ. Subnormal IQ was probably the most reliable abnormality for the detection of HZ in 49 females at 50% and 25% risk of heterozygosity. C1 UNIV GENOA,IST GASLINI,GENET MOLEC LAB,I-16126 GENOA,ITALY. UNIV TRIESTE,IST INFANZIA,I-34127 TRIESTE,ITALY. RP CIANCHETTI, C (reprint author), UNIV CAGLIARI,IST NEUROPSICHIAT INFANTILE,VIA OSPEDALE 119,I-09124 CAGLIARI,ITALY. 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J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 1 PY 1991 VL 40 IS 2 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320400222 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FY246 UT WOS:A1991FY24600021 PM 1897579 ER PT J AU TODD, RD AF TODD, RD TI FLUOXETINE IN AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID SEROTONIN CR ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x BOYER WF, 1989, MT SINAI J MED, V56, P136 JENIKE MA, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P909 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 NR 4 TC 31 Z9 31 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 148 IS 8 BP 1089 EP 1089 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA FY564 UT WOS:A1991FY56400040 PM 1853966 ER PT J AU SINGER, SM AF SINGER, SM TI CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ADULT AUTISM - ISSUES IN DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT - MATSON,JL SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP SINGER, SM (reprint author), UNIV SO INDIANA,PSYCHOL,EVANSVILLE,IN 47712, USA. CR MATSON JL, 1989, CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENI VANDENBURG SG, 1986, HEREDITY BEHAVIOR DI VETTER HJ, 1972, PSYCHOL ABNORMAL BEH NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 36 IS 8 BP 722 EP 723 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA FZ189 UT WOS:A1991FZ18900061 ER PT J AU JAMBAQUE, I CUSMAI, R CURATOLO, P CORTESI, F PERROT, C DULAC, O AF JAMBAQUE, I CUSMAI, R CURATOLO, P CORTESI, F PERROT, C DULAC, O TI NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS IN RELATION TO EPILEPSY AND MRI FINDINGS SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE SPASMS; AUTISM; CHILDREN AB The neuropsychological performances, outcome of epilepsy and MRI topography of tubers of 23 children with tuberous sclerosis were reviewed. Seven children had normal intelligence, 10 had mental retardation, and six mental retardation and autism. An adverse association was found between the number of lesions and IQ, behaviour and severity of epilepsy. Posterior lesions, in addition to frontal-lobe dysfunction, were observed in children with autism. Tuberous sclerosis with well-defined cerebral lesions may represent a model for the relationship between different neuropsychiatric problems. C1 UNIV LA SAPIENZA,INST CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT,I-00815 ROME,ITALY. RP JAMBAQUE, I (reprint author), HOP ST VINCENT DE PAUL,DEPT PAEDIAT NEUROL,INSERM,U29,74-82 AV DENFERT ROCHEREAU PARIS,F-75674 PARIS 14,FRANCE. CR Allen D., 1988, LANG COMMUN, P57 BENSON DF, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P165 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 CURATOLO P, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P551 CURATOLO P, 1987, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V18, P184 CURATOLO P, 1988, NEUROPHYSIOLOGIE CLI, V70, P168 CUSMAI R, 1990, EPILEPSIA, V31, P747, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05516.x DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 Damasio H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P505 DeLong G. R., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P207 DESEILLIGNY CHP, 1986, BRAIN, V109, P81 Garnier C, 1983, Encephale, V9, P201 GOMEZ MR, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P604 GOMEZ MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS, P21 HASHIMOTO T, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P142, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071280 HUNT A, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P190 LAGOS JC, 1967, MAYO CLIN PROC, V42, P26 LEBOYER M, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P539, DOI 10.1007/BF02211872 ORNITZ EM, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V19, P85, DOI 10.3109/00207458309148648 RIIKONEN R, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P747 RIIKONEN R, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P203 ROACH ES, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P301 ROGER J, 1984, B LEGA IT EPIL, V45, P33 ROSENBLOOM S, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P72, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00010 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x TAMAKI K, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P316 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 YAMAMOTO N, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P292 NR 28 TC 101 Z9 101 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 33 IS 8 BP 698 EP 705 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA FW440 UT WOS:A1991FW44000006 PM 1916024 ER PT J AU AKEFELDT, A GILLBERG, C AF AKEFELDT, A GILLBERG, C TI HYPOMELANOSIS OF ITO IN 3 CASES WITH AUTISM AND AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI ACHROMIANS AB Two girls and a boy showing autistic behaviour and fulfilling the criteria for autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome or atypical autism were diagnosed as having hypomelanosis of Ito syndrome. It is suggested that skin changes indicating underlying neurocutaneous disorders be meticulously looked for in all cases with autism and autistic-like conditions. C1 CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CTR,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR ARDINGER HH, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P848 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 GILLBERG C, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408551 GILLBERG C, 1991, ASPERGER SYNDROME AU GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GRIEBEL V, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P234, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071300 HUNT A, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P346 IGO M, 1952, TOHOKU J EXPT MED, V55, P57 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x MILLER CA, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P607 ROSS DL, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P1013 ROTT HD, 1986, LANCET, V2, P343 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT TAKEMATSU H, 1983, ARCH DERMATOL, V119, P391, DOI 10.1001/archderm.119.5.391 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 33 IS 8 BP 737 EP 743 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA FW440 UT WOS:A1991FW44000011 PM 1717328 ER PT J AU GEDYE, A AF GEDYE, A TI TRAZODONE REDUCED AGGRESSIVE AND SELF-INJURIOUS MOVEMENTS IN A MENTALLY-HANDICAPPED MALE-PATIENT WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BEHAVIOR; SEROTONIN; METABOLITES; POPULATION; TRYPTOPHAN; DISORDERS; CHILDREN RP GEDYE, A (reprint author), PROV FACIL MENTALLY HANDICAPPED ADULTS,NEW WESTMINSTER,BC,CANADA. CR ALGERI S, 1988, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V29, P823, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90217-1 BROWN GL, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P741 FULLER RW, 1981, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V20, P155, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(81)90198-2 GEDYE A, 1991, MED HYPOTHESES, V34, P174, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(91)90189-6 GEDYE A, 1990, J MENT DEFIC RES, V34, P195 GEDYE A, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P85 GEDYE A, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V30, P88, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90074-V GEDYE A, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P247 GEDYE A, 1989, J MENT DEFIC RES, V33, P369 GERSHON S, 1980, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V41, P100 GREENWALD BS, 1986, LANCET, V2, P1464 KRUESI MJP, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P419 MAJ J, 1979, J NEURAL TRANSM, V44, P237, DOI 10.1007/BF01253065 Maurice P., 1982, LIFE THREATENING BEH, P81 OLIVER C, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P147 ONEIL M, 1986, LANCET, V2, P859 PHILIPS I, 1975, AM J PSYCHIAT, V132, P1265 PINNER E, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1295 RIBLET LA, 1981, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM S, V1, pS17, DOI 10.1097/00004714-198111001-00004 RICHARDSON SA, 1979, J MENT DEFIC RES, V23, P275 ROY A, 1988, INT J NEUROSCI, V41, P261, DOI 10.3109/00207458808990732 SIMPSON DM, 1986, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V47, P191 Valzelli L, 1974, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol, V11, P255 WILCOCK GK, 1987, LANCET, V1, P929 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0271-0749 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1097/00004714-199108000-00022 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA FY157 UT WOS:A1991FY15700013 PM 1918430 ER PT J AU BAGENHOLM, A GILLBERG, C AF BAGENHOLM, A GILLBERG, C TI PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS ON SIBLINGS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND MENTAL-RETARDATION - A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISABLED-CHILDREN; HANDICAPPED CHILD; BROTHERS; SISTERS; FAMILY AB The probands of this study were 60 children and young adults between 5 and 20 years of age, 20 of whom had siblings with autism, 20 of whom had siblings with mental retardation, and 20 of whom had siblings who were free of handicap. The three proband groups were matched for gender, birth order and socioeconomic status. The children were questioned about their sibling relationships and about particular problems they faced concerning their handicapped brothers or sisters and about problems concerning themselves. Parents were interviewed about the healthy child's behaviour and social adjustment. Mothers completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory concerning themselves. Siblings of handicapped children and especially siblings of children with autism were more concerned about the future. They also felt lonely more often and many of them had peer problems. They often regarded their handicapped siblings as a burden. They tended to have only one sibling. Siblings often did not know why their handicapped brother or sister was different from other children. There were more behaviour disturbances in the siblings of handicapped children and mothers with a child with autism reported more 'stressful events'. There were no differences as regards the personality of the mothers and the self-concept of the children between the three groups. RP BAGENHOLM, A (reprint author), UNIV GOTEBORG,CTR CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAGENHOLM A, 1988, INTERVJU SYSKONRELAT BRESLAU N, 1981, PEDIATRICS, V67, P344 Dunn J., 1985, SISTERS BROTHERS Eysenck HJ, 1964, MANUAL EYSENCK PERSO FERRARI M, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00164.x FERRARI M, 1983, FAM PROCESS, V22, P53, DOI 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1983.00053.x Gath A, 1978, DOWNS SYNDROME FAMIL GATH A, 1974, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V15, P187, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1974.tb01244.x Grossman F. K., 1972, BROTHERS SISTERS RET JONES MB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02211816 KAZAK AE, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF00916471 LOBOTO D, 1987, J ABNORMAL CHILD PSY, V15, P329 LOBOTO D, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P347 LONSDALE G, 1978, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V4, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1978.tb00870.x McHale S., 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P327 MCHALE SM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P399, DOI 10.1007/BF01531707 PIERS EV, 1984, CHILDRENS SELF CONCE Powell T. H., 1985, BROTHERS SISTERS SPE Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1967, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V8, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1967.tb02175.x Rutter M, 1970, CLIN DEV MED SCHAFFER E, 1979, SIBLING BEHAVIOUR HA Seligman M., 1983, FAMILY HANDICAPPED C, P147 SIMEONSSON RJ, 1983, SIBLINGS HANDICAPPED SIMEONSSON RJ, 1981, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V7, P153, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1981.tb00833.x STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 TEW B, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P69 TEW BJ, 1974, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V16, P95 WISHART MC, 1981, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V7, P267, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1981.tb00845.x NR 31 TC 78 Z9 79 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-264X J9 J MENT DEFIC RES PD AUG PY 1991 VL 35 BP 291 EP 307 PN 4 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA GP156 UT WOS:A1991GP15600002 PM 1757979 ER PT J AU MAINO, DM WESSON, M SCHLANGE, D CIBIS, G MAINO, JH AF MAINO, DM WESSON, M SCHLANGE, D CIBIS, G MAINO, JH TI OPTOMETRIC FINDINGS IN THE FRAGILE X-SYNDROME SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE X-SYNDROME; X-LINKED; FRA (X); REFRACTIVE ERROR; STRABISMUS; HYPEROPIA; MENTAL RETARDATION; AUTISM; LEARNING DISORDER; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; ALLERGIES; OTITIS MEDIA; VISION DEVELOPMENT AB Fragile X syndrome (fra X) is one of the most significant discoveries in the area of mental retardation in the past 2 decades. Although hundreds of articles and two text-books have been written on the subject, only two studies have been published in the ophthalmic literature. This paper provides a brief review of the syndrome and reports on the ocular findings of 30 subjects with this genetic abnormality. We found that 30% of the subjects exhibited strabismus. Of those with strabismus, 70% were esotropes. Fifty-nine percent of the eyes evaluated (N = 58) showed hyperopia of + 1.00 D or greater, 17% myopia of -1.00 D or greater, and 22% had at least 1.00 D of astigmatism. Major ocular health abnormalities were not identified in any of our subjects. The optometrist, as the primary eye care provider, should diagnose and treat these oculo-visual dysfunctions. RP MAINO, DM (reprint author), ILLINOIS COLL OPTOMETRY,DEPT PEDIAT & BINOCULAR VIS,3241 S MICHIGAN AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60616, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 68 IS 8 BP 634 EP 640 DI 10.1097/00006324-199108000-00010 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA GB123 UT WOS:A1991GB12300010 PM 1923341 ER PT J AU PERRY, BD COOK, EH LEVENTHAL, BL WAINWRIGHT, MS FREEDMAN, DX AF PERRY, BD COOK, EH LEVENTHAL, BL WAINWRIGHT, MS FREEDMAN, DX TI PLATELET 5-HT2 SEROTONIN RECEPTOR-BINDING SITES IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AND THEIR 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; RADIOLIGAND BINDING; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; PLASMA; MECHANISMS AB We examined platelet serotonin2 [5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2)] receptor binding sites, whole blood serotonin (5-HT), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) in male autistic children and their first-degree relatives. Saturation studies utilizing I-125-spiroperidol labeled the 5-HT2 sites with an affinity of 224.6 +/- 84.4 pmol/L (K(d)). No group differences, i.e., autistic (n = 12), siblings (n = 6), parents (n = 22), control (adult; n = 7: child; n = 10), were seen for either the K(d) or the total number of sites (B(max): 14.3 +/- 10.9 fmol/mg protein). No correlations were found in any group between binding parameters (K(d) or B(max)) and whole blood 5-HT. For the parental group, inverse correlations were found between NE and B(max) (standing NE, r(s) = -0.67, n = 21, p = 0.001; supine NE, r(s) = -0.49, n = 22, p = 0.021). In the autistic group, no correlation was seen between plasma NE and B(max). A correlation between the autistic boys' B(max) and their fathers' B(max) was observed (r(s) = 0.79, n = 11, p = 0.004). These findings suggest (1) circulating NE may be involved in heterologous regulation of 5-HT2 receptors in the platelet and (2) genetic (paternal-filial) factors may play a role in the expression of 5-HT2 binding sites in the platelet. These preliminary findings are discussed in relation to heterologous receptor regulation. The relationships between these findings and either the pathophysiology of autism or hyperserotonemia in autism are unknown. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP PERRY, BD (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT SECT,DEV NEUROSCI LAB,BOX 411,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. 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Psychiatry PD JUL 15 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90165-I PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA FY198 UT WOS:A1991FY19800004 PM 1912104 ER PT J AU WATERHOUSE, L AF WATERHOUSE, L TI AUTISM - EXPLAINING THE ENIGMA - FRITH,U SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 148 IS 7 BP 939 EP 940 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA FU836 UT WOS:A1991FU83600022 ER PT J AU WATERHOUSE, L AF WATERHOUSE, L TI AUTISM - DEVELOPMENTAL CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, VOL 15 - SCHREIBMAN,L SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR SCHREIBMAN L, 1988, AUTISM DEV CLIN PSYC, V15 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 148 IS 7 BP 939 EP 940 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA FU836 UT WOS:A1991FU83600021 ER PT J AU MINSHEW, NJ AF MINSHEW, NJ TI AUTISM - NATURE, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT - DAWSON,G SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 96 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA FV153 UT WOS:A1991FV15300005 PM 1878187 ER PT J AU KATODA, H AF KATODA, H TI HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF TOKYO SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT INTELLECTUAL HANDICAPS SO ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOWNS PATIENTS AB The heights, weights and Rohrer Indices (W/H-3; RIs) of Tokyo schoolchildren born in 1972/73 with and without intellectual handicaps were compared from 6 to 15 years. The samples of children consisted of 303 children with no intellectual handicaps ('controls') and 308 children with intellectual handicaps including subgroups with Down's syndrome (39 children), autism (49 children) and epilepsy (58 children). Boys and girls with no intellectual handicaps were at all ages significantly taller than school children with intellectual handicaps. However, there were few significant differences in mean weight between children with and without intellectual handicaps-only in boys at age 15 years and girls at 6, 7, 11 and 12 years. The mean Rls of boys and girls with intellectual handicaps were at all ages significantly higher than those of controls. The subgroup of children with Down's syndrome were the shortest and had the highest mean RI at all ages. Children with epilepsy were also significantly shorter than children with no intellectual handicaps but did not differ much in RI. Autistic children did not differ in height from controls, except for autistic boys who at the ages 6-12 years were significantly taller, indicating a comparatively earlier maturational rate of this specific sample. Autistic boys had a higher RI than controls at 9, 11, 12, 13 and 14 years but autistic girls did not differ significantly from controls at these ages. RP KATODA, H (reprint author), STOCKHOLM INST EDUC,DEPT EDUC RES,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. 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Hum. Biol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 18 IS 4 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1080/03014469100001642 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FX200 UT WOS:A1991FX20000005 PM 1836322 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, M KAFANTARIS, V MALONE, RP KOWALIK, SC LOCASCIO, JJ AF CAMPBELL, M KAFANTARIS, V MALONE, RP KOWALIK, SC LOCASCIO, JJ TI DIAGNOSTIC AND ASSESSMENT ISSUES RELATED TO PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTISM SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Review ID MINOR PHYSICAL ANOMALIES; GROWTH-HORMONE RESPONSE; EARLY INFANTILE AUTISM; FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; PSYCHOTIC-CHILDREN; TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA C1 NYU,SCH MED,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10003. HAHNEMANN UNIV,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102. NYU,BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. 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PD JUL PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 358 EP 375 DI 10.1037/h0079022 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA GD907 UT WOS:A1991GD90700008 ER PT J AU PRATS, JM GARAIZAR, C RUA, MJ GARCIANIETO, ML MADOZ, P AF PRATS, JM GARAIZAR, C RUA, MJ GARCIANIETO, ML MADOZ, P TI INFANTILE SPASMS TREATED WITH HIGH-DOSES OF SODIUM VALPROATE - INITIAL RESPONSE AND FOLLOW-UP SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID; THERAPY AB A long-term follow-up study of 42 patients with West syndrome treated with high doses of sodium valproate is presented. Control of the hypoarrhythmic EEG pattern was achieved after two weeks for over three-quarters of the patients with sodium valproate doses of 100 to 300 mg/kg/day. Recurrence of hypoarrhythmia was observed most often in patients treated with doses lower than 200 mg/kg/day. Other types of seizures appeared in half of the patients followed beyond two years of age. Monotherapy throughout follow-up was possible for 30 patients. Autism occurred in only one infant, and 12 achieved normal mental status. The most common side-effects were asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, vomiting and mild somnolence. Hepatic enzymes were not altered. C1 HOSP CRUCES,SERV NEUROPHYSIOL,BILBAO,SPAIN. RP PRATS, JM (reprint author), HOSP CRUCES,DEPT PAEDIAT,NEUROPAEDIAT UNIT,BILBAO,SPAIN. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 33 IS 7 BP 617 EP 625 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA FR944 UT WOS:A1991FR94400008 PM 1879625 ER PT J AU YOSHIKAWA, H FUEKI, N SUZUKI, H SAKURAGAWA, N MASAAKI, I AF YOSHIKAWA, H FUEKI, N SUZUKI, H SAKURAGAWA, N MASAAKI, I TI CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW AND OXYGEN-METABOLISM IN RETT SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; FRONTAL-LOBE; AUTISM; VALUES AB Positron emission tomography was performed on six patients with Rett syndrome to investigate cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism, and the results were compared with the concurrent clinical status of the patients. The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) was low in five patients, and oxygen extraction fraction was low in four patients; both had a tendency to decline with advancing age. Although the cause is unknown, it is suggested that impaired oxidative metabolism exists in Rett syndrome. An analysis of the distribution among brain regions showed that the ratios of values for the frontal cortex to those for the temporal cortex for both cerebral blood flow and CMRO2 were lower than those for the controls, which may indicate the loss of hyperfrontality in Rett syndrome. C1 NATL INST NEUROSCI,DIV INHERITED METAB DISORDERS,TOKYO,JAPAN. NATL CTR NEUROL & PSYCHIAT,TOKYO,JAPAN. NATL NAKANO CHEST HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP YOSHIKAWA, H (reprint author), NATL CTR HOSP MENTAL NERVOUS & MUSCULAR DISORDERS,DIV CHILD NEUROL,4-1-1 OGAWAHIGASHI CHO,TOKYO 187,JAPAN. CR BES A, 1983, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V3, P33 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 CHUGANI HT, 1987, J CEREB BLOOD FLOW, V7, pS553 DEVOLDER AG, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P239, DOI 10.1002/ana.410260210 EEGOLOFSSON O, 1988, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V10, P260 ENJOJI S, 1977, ENJOJI ANAL TEST DEV FRACKOWIAK RSJ, 1988, BRAIN, V111, P1009, DOI 10.1093/brain/111.5.1009 FRACKOWIAK RSJ, 1980, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V4, P727, DOI 10.1097/00004728-198012000-00001 FRACKOWIAK RSJ, 1987, J CEREB BLOOD FLO S1, V7, pS384 GOFFINET AM, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P131, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250205 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HARRIS JC, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P201 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 JAVOYAGID F, 1980, NEUROLOGY, V30, P1326 KETY S S, 1956, J Chronic Dis, V3, P478, DOI 10.1016/0021-9681(56)90146-1 LASSEN NA, 1966, LANCET, V2, P1113 LAVY S, 1979, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V36, P344 NAIDU S, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V24, P305 PERRY TL, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V112, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80060-X POWERS WJ, 1985, STROKE, V16, P361 Rett A, 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V29, P305 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 RIEDERER P, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P305 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 SCATTON B, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P1039 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 WISE RJS, 1983, BRAIN, V106, P197, DOI 10.1093/brain/106.1.197 WOLFSON LI, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1399 ZOGHBI HY, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P921, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198510103131504 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA FU981 UT WOS:A1991FU98100006 PM 1875025 ER PT J AU FINE, J BARTOLUCCI, G GINSBERG, G SZATMARI, P AF FINE, J BARTOLUCCI, G GINSBERG, G SZATMARI, P TI THE USE OF INTONATION TO COMMUNICATE IN PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ASPERGER SYNDROME; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN C1 MCMASTER UNIV,CHEDOKE MCMASTER HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,RES BLDG,CHEDOKE DIV,BOX 2000,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. BAR ILAN UNIV,DEPT ENGLISH,RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH PUBL HLTH,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALTAXE CAM, 1985, ISSUES AUTISM, V3 BALTAXE CAM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01495060 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARTOLUCCI G, 1987, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V8, P67, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400000072 Crystal David, 1975, ENGLISH TONE VOICE Esser J., 1988, COMPARING READING SP Halliday M. A. K., 1967, J LINGUIST, V3, p[37, 199], DOI 10.1017/S0022226700012949 Halliday M. A. K., 1985, INTRO FUNCTIONAL GRA Halliday M. A. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 32 IS 5 BP 771 EP 782 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01901.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GA946 UT WOS:A1991GA94600004 PM 1918227 ER PT J AU BOLTON, PF AF BOLTON, PF TI NEUROBIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF AUTISM - STEFFENBURG,S SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Book Review CR STEFFENBURG S, 1990, NEUROBIOLOGICAL CORR NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 32 IS 5 BP 867 EP 868 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA GA946 UT WOS:A1991GA94600016 ER PT J AU VANENGELAND, H ROELOFS, JW VERBATEN, MN SLANGEN, JL AF VANENGELAND, H ROELOFS, JW VERBATEN, MN SLANGEN, JL TI ABNORMAL ELECTRODERMAL REACTIVITY TO NOVEL VISUAL-STIMULI IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SKIN CONDUCTANCE RESPONSE; FIXATION TIME; NOVELTY; AUTISM ID EARLY-ONSET PSYCHOSIS; ORIENTING RESPONSE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM AB Skin conductance responses and eye-fixation behavior to visual stimuli were measured in high-functioning autistic children, normal children, children with externalizing disorders, and children with internalizing disorders. Novelty, complexity, and subjective significance of the stimuli were manipulated. Autistic children were electrodermally hyporesponsive to novel stimuli. In all groups, manipulation of stimulus complexity only influenced fixation time. Manipulation of subjective significance influenced fixation time as well as skin conductance response in all groups. In the autistic group, adding subjective significance to a stimulus changed electrodermal nonresponders into responders, indicating that non-responsiveness or hyporesponsiveness in autistic children does not imply a loss of (novel) stimulus detection, filtering, or orientation reaction capability, per se. C1 STATE UNIV UTRECHT,CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. LEIDEN UNIV,PSYCHOPHYSIOL,2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. STATE UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT PHARM,NIDDR,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. CR Attneave F, 1954, PSYCHOL REV, V61, P83 BARRY RJ, 1988, INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL, V6, P139, DOI 10.1016/0167-8760(88)90045-1 Bernal M. 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PD JUL PY 1991 VL 38 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90050-Y PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GC752 UT WOS:A1991GC75200004 PM 1946832 ER PT J AU ATHANASSIOU, C AF ATHANASSIOU, C TI PARASITISM - A DEFENSE AGAINST SUFFERING AND PSYCHIC GROWTH, 1005 SO REVUE FRANCAISE DE PSYCHANALYSE LA French DT Article DE AUTISM; PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION; EGO; PRIMARY NARCISSISTIC NUCLEUS; OBJECT; PARASITISM; SELF AB The author tries theoretically to circumscribe the concept of parasitism, grounding its origin in a defence organized by the ego with the aim of protecting what may be a wounded primary narcissistic nucleus. Three clinical examples are given in support of the hypothesis. They allow the definition of a technique likely to limit the parasitic invasion of the patient. CR Bion W., 1974, ATTENTION INTERPRETA BION W, 1982, TRANSFORMATIONS BION WR, 1979, ELEMENTS PSYCHOANALY Freud S, 1938, STANDARD EDITION, P23 FREUD S, 1911, STANDARD EDITION, V11 FREUD S, 1925, STANDARD EDITION, V19 Freud S., 1927, STANDARD EDITION Freud Sigmund, 1923, STANDARD EDITION, V19 Freud Sigmund, 1915, STANDARD EDITION, V14 Klein M., 1966, DEV PSYCHANALYSE Rosenfeld HA, 1987, IMPASSE INTERPRETATI NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0035-2942 J9 REV FR PSYCHANAL JI Rev. Fr. Psychanal. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1022 PG 18 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA HB583 UT WOS:A1991HB58300015 ER PT J AU ZAGON, IS GIBO, DM MCLAUGHLIN, PJ AF ZAGON, IS GIBO, DM MCLAUGHLIN, PJ TI ZETA (ZETA), A GROWTH-RELATED OPIOID RECEPTOR IN DEVELOPING RAT CEREBELLUM - IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OPIOID RECEPTOR; NERVOUS SYSTEM; ENKEPHALIN; GROWTH; DEVELOPMENT; CEREBELLUM; BRAIN; ZETA-RECEPTOR; AUTISM ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; OPIATE BINDING-SITES; BETA-ENDORPHIN; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; ENKEPHALIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY; NALOXONE BINDING; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MODULATES BODY; BRAIN; NALTREXONE AB Endogenous opioids and opioid receptors (i.e. endogenous opioid systems) are expressed during neural ontogeny, and play a role in the development of the nervous system. Using [H-3][Met5]-enkephalin, a potent ligand involved in neural growth, particularly cell proliferation, specific and saturable binding was detected in homogenates of 6-day-old rat cerebellum; the data were consistent with a single binding site. Scatchard analysis yielded a binding affinity (K(d)) of 2.2 nM and a binding capacity (B(max)) of 22.3 fmol/mg protein. Binding was linear with protein concentration, dependent on time, temperature, and pH, and was sensitive to Na+, Mg2+, and guanyl nucleotides. Optimal binding required protease inhibitors, and pretreatment of the homogenates with trypsin markedly reduced binding, suggesting that the binding site was proteinaceous in character. The [Met5]-enkephalin binding site was an integral membrane protein located in the nuclear fraction. Competition experiments indicated that [Met5]-enkephalin was the most potent displacer of [H-3][Met5]-enkephalin, and that binding was stereospecific. In the adult rat cerebellum, non-opioid receptor binding of [H-3][Met5]-enkephalin was recorded. mu and kappa-receptors were also found in the developing rat cerebellum, while mu, delta, and kappa-receptors were recorded in adult cerebellar tissue. The function, pharmacological and biochemical characteristics, subcellular distribution, and temporal expression of the [Met5]-enkephalin binding site suggest the presence of a unique opioid receptor, termed zeta (zeta), in the developing nervous system. RP ZAGON, IS (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,DEPT ANAT,HERSHEY,PA 17033, USA. 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PD JUN 14 PY 1991 VL 551 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90909-F PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FV304 UT WOS:A1991FV30400005 PM 1655161 ER PT J AU PERKINS, M WOLKIND, SN AF PERKINS, M WOLKIND, SN TI ASPERGERS SYNDROME - WHO IS BEING ABUSED SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; CHILDHOOD; AUTISM AB Six case histories of children referred and admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit at a tertiary referral centre because of concerns about poor functioning and possible emotional abuse are presented. On initial assessment the children appeared to be well functioning and the impression was confirmed that their emotional needs were not being met by their parents. After detailed inpatient appraisal the diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome was made in all six cases, exemplified mainly by a formal concrete way of thinking and an inability to identify and understand human emotions and relationships. 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PD JUN PY 1991 VL 62 IS 3 BP 468 EP 483 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01545.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FZ286 UT WOS:A1991FZ28600004 ER PT J AU CAPUTE, AJ ACCARDO, PJ AF CAPUTE, AJ ACCARDO, PJ TI DEVELOPMENTAL PEDIATRICS SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article AB Clinical advances in the areas of cerebral palsy, mental retardation, autism, hyperactivity and learning disorders are reviewed from the perspective of a lifespan approach (from premature babies to adults) and the spectrum/continuum of developmental disabilities. RP CAPUTE, AJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,KENNEDY INST,DIV DEV PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU CURRENT SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0951-7383 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROL NEU PD JUN PY 1991 VL 4 IS 3 BP 377 EP 380 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FR932 UT WOS:A1991FR93200012 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, CL AF GILLBERG, CL TI PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHIATRY SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article AB Child neuropsychiatric studies published in 1990 are reviewed. The major contributions have been in the fields of behavioral phenotypes, autism, Asperger syndrome, Tourette syndrome and deficits in attention, motor control and perception. The focus of this review is on studies pertaining to these research areas. RP GILLBERG, CL (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CTR,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CURRENT SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0951-7383 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROL NEU PD JUN PY 1991 VL 4 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FR932 UT WOS:A1991FR93200013 ER PT J AU STEFFENBURG, S AF STEFFENBURG, S TI NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; ATTENTIONAL DEFICITS; 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; ASPERGER SYNDROME; ABNORMALITIES; CHROMOSOME; MOTOR; TWIN AB Thirty-five children with autistic disorder and 17 with autistic-like conditions underwent an exhaustive neurobiological evaluation, and the findings were contrasted with those obtained from various comparison groups. Almost 90 per cent of the children with autistic disorder and autistic-like conditions had major indications of brain damage or dysfunction. 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PD SUM PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 29 EP 47 PG 19 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA FQ102 UT WOS:A1991FQ10200004 ER PT J AU SVERD, J AF SVERD, J TI TOURETTE SYNDROME AND AUTISTIC DISORDER - A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TOURETTE SYNDROME; AUTISTIC DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; ASPERGER SYNDROME ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; IMPROVEMENT; BEHAVIORS; GENETICS; MANIA; PAIRS AB The histories of 10 children with autistic disorder or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) cooccurring with familial Tourette syndrome (TS) are presented. Evidence from the histories of the patients and their relatives combined with other reports of cases of cooccurrence of TS and autism provides support for the hypothesis that TS may be responsible for cases of cooccurrence of the disorders, contributes significantly to the etiological heterogeneity of autistic disorder and that a portion of cases of autism may actually be a result of homozygosity for the TS gene. In addition, the presence of affective disorders and autistic-like syndromes or mild disturbances of social relatedness in some of the pedigrees suggests the hypothesis that TS may be responsible for a subgroup of families with cooccurring affective and autistic disorders and for some cases of familial aggregation of autism-PDD. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP SVERD, J (reprint author), N SHORE UNIV HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,400 COMMUNITY DR,MANHASSET,NY 11030, USA. CR BARABAS G, 1983, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V4, P280 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BLEICH A, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V146, P664, DOI 10.1192/bjp.146.6.664 BOWMAN EP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P377, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.377 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P162, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00006 BURD L, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P1236 BURD L, 1985, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V30, P74 CIALDELLA P, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00775.x Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 COMINGS BG, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P804 COMINGS D, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180 COMINGS DE, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P782 COMINGS DE, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P761 COMINGS DE, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V51, P288 COMINGS DE, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V44, P452 COMINGS DE, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P822 COMINGS DE, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P742 COMINGS DE, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V51, P281 COMINGS DE, 1990, IN PRESS J CLIN PSYC COMINGS DE, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P413, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340318 COMINGS DE, 1988, AM J HUM GENET, V42, P209 COMINGS DE, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V51, P275 COMINGS DE, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P195, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.2.195 CORBETT JA, 1969, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P1229, DOI 10.1192/bjp.115.528.1229 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 FOLSTEIN S, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P83 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P365 GILLBERG C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01531783 Gillberg C., 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P122 GILLBERG C, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P641 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x KANO Y, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P49 KANO Y, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P937, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(09)65955-4 KERBESHIAN J, 1986, INT J PSYCHIAT MED, V16, P67 KERBESHIAN J, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P731, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.6.731 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02408557 Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS PAULS DL, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P993, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198610163151604 REALMUTO GM, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF01538324 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 RITVO E, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF02211824 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 ROBERTSON MM, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P383, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.383 ROBINS LN, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P659 SCHREIBMAN L, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS57 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SVERD J, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE, P85 SVERD J, 1989, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P SVERD J, 1988, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V1, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01098804 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Zahner G., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P199 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 58 TC 45 Z9 45 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390212 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FJ413 UT WOS:A1991FJ41300011 PM 2063921 ER PT J AU COMINGS, DE COMINGS, BG AF COMINGS, DE COMINGS, BG TI CLINICAL AND GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AUTISM-PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER AND TOURETTE SYNDROME - A STUDY OF 19 CASES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; SEROTONIN; TRYPTOPHAN OXYGENASE; GENETICS; TOURETTE SYNDROME ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BLOOD SEROTONIN; CHILDREN; PLASMA; HYPERACTIVITY; IMPROVEMENT; METABOLITES AB Children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) share a number of symptoms. Forty-one cases have been reported in which PDD patients subsequently developed TS. We term this PDD --> TS. We describe an additional 16 such patients plus 3 families where a close relative of a TS proband had autism. There was a high frequency of alcoholism, drug abuse, obsessive-compulsive, and other behavior disorders in the relatives of these patients. This frequency was virtually identical to that observed in relatives of individuals with TS only. We suggest there is an intimate genetic, neuropathologic relatedness between some cases of PDD and TS. Many observations have led us to suggest that the genetic defect in TS may be a mutation of tryptophan oxygenase and that TS is inherited as a semidominant semirecessive trait, i.e., homozygosity for a common gene which shows some expression in the heterozygous state. We propose that some types of PDD are inherited in the same fashion and by the same gene. This would explain the similarity of symptoms, frequent evolution of PDD into TS, the apparent recessive inheritance of PDD despite no increase in consanguinity, the high frequency of behavior problems in the relatives of PDD --> TS patients and the serotonin abnormalities. RP COMINGS, DE (reprint author), CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,DEPT MED GENET,DUARTE,CA 91010, USA. 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J. Med. Genet. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 180 EP 191 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FJ413 UT WOS:A1991FJ41300012 PM 2063922 ER PT J AU KLEIJNEN, J KNIPSCHILD, P AF KLEIJNEN, J KNIPSCHILD, P TI NIACIN AND VITAMIN-B6 IN MENTAL FUNCTIONING - A REVIEW OF CONTROLLED TRIALS IN HUMANS SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-BLIND CROSSOVER; RETARDED YOUNG-ADULTS; MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION; NICOTINIC-ACID; DOWNS-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; IMPROVE IQ; CHILDREN; INTELLIGENCE; PYRIDOXINE AB Fifty-three controlled trials of the effects of niacin, vitamin B6, and multivitamins on mental functions are reviewed. The results are interpreted with emphasis on the methodological quality of the trials. It turns out that virtually all trials show serious short-comings: in the number of participants, the presentation of baseline characteristics and outcomes, and the description of changes in concomitant treatments. Only in autistic children are some positive results are found with very high dosages of vitamin B6 combined with magnesium, but further evidence is needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn. For many other indications (hyperactive children, children with Down's syndrome, IQ changes in healthy schoolchildren, schizophrenia, psychological functions in healthy adults and geriatric patients) there is no adequate support from controlled trials in favor of vitamin supplementation. RP KLEIJNEN, J (reprint author), STATE UNIV LIMBURG,DEPT EPIDEMIOL HLTH CARE RES,POB 616,6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. 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Psychiatry PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 931 EP 941 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90060-Y PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA FL226 UT WOS:A1991FL22600011 PM 1828703 ER PT J AU RITVO, ER AF RITVO, ER TI CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ADULT AUTISM - ISSUES IN DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT - MATSON,JL SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Book Review RP RITVO, ER (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR MATSON JL, 1989, CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENI NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-3018 J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 179 IS 5 BP 302 EP 302 DI 10.1097/00005053-199105000-00016 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA FL620 UT WOS:A1991FL62000016 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C AF GILLBERG, C TI OUTCOME IN AUTISM AND AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ASPERGER SYNDROME; AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OUTCOME ID FOLLOW-UP; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; RETT SYNDROME; DISINTEGRATIVE PSYCHOSIS; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; DISORDERS; DEMENTIA; BEHAVIOR; PUBERTY AB Autism carries a very variable prognosis; there might be a slight increase in mortality in the first 30 years of life. A small, but not negligible, minority of people with autism lead productive, self-supporting adult lives, but about two-thirds will remain dependent on others throughout life. The risk of epilepsy is very high, both in early childhood and adolescence. An important minority deteriorate in adolescence. Outcome in autistic-like conditions is even more variable, ranging from excellent in many cases of so-called Asperger syndrome to gloomy in most cases of so-called disintegrative disorders. RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), UNIV GOTEBORG,CTR CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00723.x Beeckmans-Balle M, 1973, Acta Psychiatr Belg, V73, P537 BURD L, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P609 CAMPBELL M, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO CORBETT J, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P211 CREAK EM, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V109, P84, DOI 10.1192/bjp.109.458.84 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 EGGERS C, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P21, DOI 10.1007/BF01550275 EGGERS C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P327, DOI 10.1007/BF02211850 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J PSYCHIAT, V112, P607 EVANSJONES LG, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P462 FRITH V, 1989, AUTISM EXPLANING ENI GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 GILLBERG C, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00116.x GILLBERG C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P545, DOI 10.1007/BF02212857 GILLBERG C, 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P125 GILLBERG C, 1983, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V68, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb07017.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P3 GILLBERG IC, 1987, THESIS U UPPSALA U G GILLBERG IC, 1989, CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRA GOLDFARB W, 1970, PSYCHOSOCIAL PROCESS, V1, P9 GUALTIERI CT, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF01531360 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGERMAN R, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT HILL AE, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P34 ITARD JMG, 1964, ENFANTS SAUVAGES Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 Kanner L. 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L., 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P55 LOTTER V, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 MITTLER P, 1966, J MENT DEFIC RES, V10, P73 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 SPITZER RL, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P773 *SWED CENT BUR STA, 1991, DEM DAT SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 TANTAM D, 1986, THESIS U LONDON TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 *WHO, 1988, ICD10 WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT WING L, 1980, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI Wing L., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P337 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF01487267 WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 NR 53 TC 89 Z9 90 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600004 PM 2055873 ER PT J AU HENDREN, RL HODDEVARGAS, JE VARGAS, LA ORRISON, WW DELL, L AF HENDREN, RL HODDEVARGAS, JE VARGAS, LA ORRISON, WW DELL, L TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF SEVERELY DISTURBED-CHILDREN - A PRELIMINARY-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE MRI; SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM; STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES ID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; SCHIZOTYPAL; BRAIN; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SYMPTOMS; SYSTEM AB This study investigates the relationship between brain pathology and psychiatric disturbance in 37 psychiatric inpatients between 5 and 14 years of age referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Of 37 images, 13 were categorized as abnormal by neuroradiologists who were blind to the diagnoses of subjects. Three of six children with schizophrenia-related diagnoses had abnormal scans. In contrast, only one of 15 children with a primary disruptive behavior disorder diagnosis had an abnormal magnetic resonance image. A greater proportion of children with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses had greater left than right frontal horns of the lateral ventricles than children with other diagnoses. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR NONINVAS DIAGNOSIS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP HENDREN, RL (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,2400 TUCKER NE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. CR ANDREASEN N, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P136 BARON M, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P447 BASSER LS, 1962, BRAIN, V85, P427, DOI 10.1093/brain/85.3.427 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BETTES BA, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P555, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00223.x CHAPIN K, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P948 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DRAYER BP, 1988, RADIOLOGY, V166, P797 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 GARBER HJ, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P164 GEORGE A, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P212 GUNDERSON JG, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P15 JOHNSTONE EC, 1986, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V49, P136, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.49.2.136 KELSOE JR, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P533 KUTCHER SP, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P645 LEE BCP, 1986, AM J NEURORADIOL, V7, P605 LORENGER AW, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P795 MATHEW RJ, 1985, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V72, P414, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02634.x NASRALLAH HA, 1986, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V21, P274, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90048-X PARNAS J, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P623 PRIOR MR, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P482 RANGELGUERRA RA, 1983, AM J NEURORADIOL, V4, P229 REISS D, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P453 ROSEN GD, 1986, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOG, V1 RUTTER M, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P486 SCHULZ SC, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1592 SIEVER LJ, 1985, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V11, P564 SMITH RC, 1987, PSYCHIAT RES, V20, P33, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(87)90121-1 SPITZER RL, 1979, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V36, P17 STRATTA P, 1989, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V25, P275, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90175-3 TANGUAY PE, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P591, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60282-X TATUM WO, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P196, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250216 WEINBERGER DR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P660 WOODY RC, 1987, J CHILD NEUROL, V2, P105, DOI 10.1177/088307388700200205 1988, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V259, P2132 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00018 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600018 PM 2055885 ER PT J AU PIVEN, J CHASE, GA LANDA, R WZOREK, M GAYLE, J CLOUD, D FOLSTEIN, S AF PIVEN, J CHASE, GA LANDA, R WZOREK, M GAYLE, J CLOUD, D FOLSTEIN, S TI PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS IN THE PARENTS OF AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ANXIETY DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; GENETICS; STRESS ID RESEARCH DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA; RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; FAMILY HISTORY METHOD; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ANXIETY DISORDERS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PANIC DISORDER; CHRONIC STRESS; DSM-III; CHILDREN AB Eighty-one parents of 42 autistic probands and 34 parents of 18 Down syndrome probands were examined using a semistructured, investigator-based version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Lifetime Version to estimate the lifetime risk of psychiatric disorder. The lifetime prevalence rate of anxiety disorder was significantly greater in parents of autistic probands than in parents of Down syndrome probands. The lifetime prevalence rate of major depressive disorder, while not significantly different in cases and controls, may be high in the parents of autistic probands (27%) in comparison with populations rates. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CR ANDREASEN NC, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1229 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BECKMAN PJ, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P150 BLAZER D, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P1178 BREIER A, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P787 BRESLAU N, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P309 BRESLAU N, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P1040 CHASE GA, 1983, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V117, P590 COX A, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P146, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.146 CROWE RR, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P1065 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT FOLSTEIN S, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FYER AJ, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P252 GATH A, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V130, P405, DOI 10.1192/bjp.130.4.405 HARRINGTON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P487 HIRSCHFELD RMA, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P993 HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEFIC, V80, P421 LANDA R, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE LECKMAN JF, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P880 LECKMAN JF, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P1055 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE LOBASCHE.ME, 1970, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V117, P525, DOI 10.1192/bjp.117.540.525 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 LRESLOW NE, 1980, STATISTICAL METHODS, V1, P84 MACDONALD H, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE MAZURE C, 1979, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V36, P521 MERINKANGAS KR, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P367 NOYES R, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P1019 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 PIVEN J, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 Robins LN, 1981, NIMH DIAGNOSTIC INTE ROBINS LN, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P949 ROMANOSKI AJ, 1988, J NERV MENT DIS, V176, P63, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198802000-00001 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 Rutter M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P15 SCHLESSELMAN JJ, CASE CONTROL STUDIES, P2 Spitzer R. L., 1978, SCHEDULE AFFECTIVE D SPITZER RL, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P773 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x THOMPSON WD, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P53 WEISSMAN MM, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P1304 WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x World Health Organization, 1987, INT CLASS DIS NR 49 TC 124 Z9 124 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600019 PM 1829081 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, BJ RAHBAR, B RITVO, ER BICE, TL YOKOTA, A RITVO, R AF FREEMAN, BJ RAHBAR, B RITVO, ER BICE, TL YOKOTA, A RITVO, R TI THE STABILITY OF COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PARAMETERS IN AUTISM - A 12-YEAR PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; COGNITIVE; NATURAL HISTORY; ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AB Sixty-two autistic patients enrolled in a prospective study an average of 12 years ago. Current retesting results are now available on 53 of the original 62 patients (85.5%). Results indicate that 36 (67.9%) achieved scores within their original IQ group. Twelve (22.6%) moved up IQ groups and five (9.4%) moved down. Of particular clinical importance is the observation that Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scores were consistently lower than cognitive scores, and maladaptive behaviors occurred with equal frequency in the high, medium, and low IQ groups. The implications of this new data for understanding the natural history of autism, educational and vocational planning, and future research are discussed. RP FREEMAN, BJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,CTR HLTH SCI,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,760 WESTWOOD PLAZA,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P459, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60565-3 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02212853 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RITVO ER, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V4, P146 RITVO ER, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P565, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61011-6 Sattler JM, 1988, ASSESSMENT CHILDRENS Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL NR 11 TC 40 Z9 41 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00020 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600020 PM 2055886 ER PT J AU ROGERS, SJ OZONOFF, S MASLINCOLE, C AF ROGERS, SJ OZONOFF, S MASLINCOLE, C TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF ATTACHMENT BEHAVIOR IN YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM OR OTHER PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ATTACHMENT; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; STRANGE SITUATION; CLASSIFICATION; MOTHER AB The present study examined attachment behavior in children with autism and children with other developmental or psychiatric disorders. The groups were matched on chronological and mental age, IQ, and socioeconomic status. When a modified Strange Situation paradigm was used, no group differences were found in proximity seeking, contact maintenance, proximity avoidance, or contact resistance; the groups also did not differ in their overall security ratings. Attachment security was related to several developmental variables in the autistic group but not in the nonautistic comparison group. This suggests that attachment formation may involve different processes in autistic children than in nonautistic children of equivalent intellectual level. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT HUMAN DEV & FAMILY STUDIES,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV DENVER,DEPT PSYCHOL,DENVER,CO 80210. RP ROGERS, SJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DAVIS PAVIL,BOX A011-12,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. CR Ainsworth M. S., 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BLACHER J, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P359 Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1 BOWLBY J, 1958, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V39, P350 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V14, P383 EASTERBROOKS MA, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P825, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03514.x FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 GAENSBAUER TJ, 1985, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V8, P355, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(85)90001-3 Hobson R. P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P197, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000390 LAMB ME, 1984, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V7, P127 Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LEWIS M, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P831, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03515.x Mahler MS, 1952, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V7, P286 RESCORLA LA, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P162, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60222-3 Rogers S., 1988, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V10, P135 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 ROGERS SJ, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P207, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00010 Schafer DS, 1981, DEV PROGRAMMING INFA SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SHAPIRO T, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P480, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00003 SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SIGMAN M, 1989, EMERGENCE DISCIPLINE SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SROUFE LA, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P1184, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb03922.x STAHLECKER JE, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P502, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00123.x Stutsman R., 1948, MERRILL PALMER SCALE WASSERMAN GA, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P393, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60262-4 NR 29 TC 44 Z9 44 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00021 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600021 PM 2055887 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C STEFFENBURG, S WAHLSTROM, J GILLBERG, IC SJOSTEDT, A MARTINSSON, T LIEDGREN, S EEGOLOFSSON, O AF GILLBERG, C STEFFENBURG, S WAHLSTROM, J GILLBERG, IC SJOSTEDT, A MARTINSSON, T LIEDGREN, S EEGOLOFSSON, O TI AUTISM ASSOCIATED WITH MARKER CHROMOSOME SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; MENTAL RETARDATION; MARKER CHROMOSOME ID TRISOMY AB Six boys who all showed the combination of moderate-severe mental retardation, autistic behavior, and mild-moderate physical stigmatization are described. Muscular hypotonia, epilepsy, and kyphoscoliosis were associated features in several cases, as were extremes of short stature and low weight. A supernumerary chromosome was found in all six cases, and it appears that there may be a separate syndrome associated with partial trisomy of chromosome 15. C1 LINKOPING UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,S-58183 LINKOPING,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. LINKOPING UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,S-58183 LINKOPING,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CLIN GENET,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RI Martinsson, Tommy/J-4140-2013 OI Martinsson, Tommy/0000-0002-9403-3123 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSSON L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT CENTERWALL WR, 1975, HUM HERED, V25, P442, DOI 10.1159/000152759 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO CRANDALL BF, 1973, AM J MENT DEF, V77, P571 GILLBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 ROONEY DE, 1986, HUMAN CYTOGENETICS RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P6159 SCHINZEL A, 1981, HUMAN BEHAVIOR GENET STEFFENBURG S, 1990, IN PRESS DEV MED CHI STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x WAHLSTROM J, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V32, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320320105 WATSON EJ, 1974, J MED GENET, V11, P400, DOI 10.1136/jmg.11.4.400 NR 15 TC 74 Z9 76 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00022 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600022 PM 2055888 ER PT J AU TRAD, PV SCHLEFER, E HERTZIG, M KERNBERG, PF AF TRAD, PV SCHLEFER, E HERTZIG, M KERNBERG, PF TI TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR A CASE OF CONCURRENT PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER AND CEREBRAL GIGANTISM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE PDD; AUTISM; CEREBRAL GIGANTISM; SOTOS SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; TREATMENT ID PLAY; CHILDREN; AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AB A 4-year-old girl presented for a psychiatric evaluation with reported episodes of clumsiness, aggressiveness, lack of relatedness, and temper tantrums. Her evaluation disclosed multiple developmental deficits, including cognitive, affective, and social lags. Given her individual history and her specific constellation of symptoms as well as a familial history indicative of developmental impairment, the child was diagnosed as having pervasive developmental disorder. This diagnosis reflects the expanded nosology for autism, as specified in DSM-III-R. Subsequently, after a genetic evaluation, the child was found to have an organic central nervous system deficit in the form of cerebral gigantism, a neural disorder. The recognition of an organic impairment in this case contributed to an understanding of the pervasive developmental disorder symptomatology and facilitated the formulation of an appropriate therapeutic protocol that addressed both developmental and neurological components. C1 CORNELL UNIV,COLL MED,WHITE PLAINS,NY 10605. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY 10021. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600024 PM 2055890 ER PT J AU GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, L GHAZIUDDIN, N AF GHAZIUDDIN, M TSAI, L GHAZIUDDIN, N TI FLUOXETINE IN AUTISM WITH DEPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter RP GHAZIUDDIN, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR MEHLINGER R, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P985, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00032 RIDDLE FMA, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V29, P45 TEICHER MH, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P207 NR 3 TC 48 Z9 48 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 508 EP 509 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA FM316 UT WOS:A1991FM31600029 PM 2055895 ER PT J AU CURLESS, RG FLYNN, JT OLSEN, KR POST, MJ AF CURLESS, RG FLYNN, JT OLSEN, KR POST, MJ TI LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS IN SIBLINGS WITH DIFFUSE DYSMYELINATION SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ABNORMALITIES; RETARDATION AB Two brothers are described with the previously unrecognized combination of Leber amaurosis and abnormal myelin detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Both have evidence of delayed psychomotor development and one has autistic features. A possible relationship with infantile autism or a peroxisomal dysfunction syndrome is explored. No peroxisomal defect was found in these patients. C1 UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,MIAMI,FL 33101. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,MIAMI,FL 33101. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,MIAMI,FL 33101. 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PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0887-8994(91)90090-8 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA FU224 UT WOS:A1991FU22400013 PM 1878105 ER PT J AU NELSON, KB AF NELSON, KB TI PRENATAL AND PERINATAL FACTORS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF AUTISM SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CEREBRAL-PALSY; SEIZURE DISORDERS; POSTNATAL FACTORS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; BIRTH; ANTECEDENTS; PREGNANCY; COMPLICATIONS; POPULATION RP NELSON, KB (reprint author), NINCDS,NEUROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,FED BLDG,ROOM 700,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. 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RP BAUMAN, ML (reprint author), BOSTON CITY HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,818 HARRISON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. 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JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV PSYCHIAT GENET,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NINCDS,NEUROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BAUMAN, ML (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,CHILDRENS NEUROL SERV,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1991 VL 87 IS 5 SU S BP R5 EP R6 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FL809 UT WOS:A1991FL80900001 ER PT J AU VONBULOWFAERBER, C AF VONBULOWFAERBER, C TI AUTISM TODAY, VOL 2, NEW ASPECTS OF ASSISTANCE FOR AUTISTIC-CHILDREN - GERMAN - DZIKOWSKI,S, ARENS,C SO PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Book Review CR DZIKOWSKI S, 1990, AUTISMUS HEUTE, V2 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT PI GOTTINGEN PA THEATERSTRASSE 13, POSTFACH 77, W-37070 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SN 0032-7034 J9 PRAX KINDERPSYCHOL K JI Prax. Kinderpsychol. Kinderpsychiatr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 40 IS 5 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA FQ542 UT WOS:A1991FQ54200011 ER PT J AU LEEKAM, SR AF LEEKAM, SR TI AUTISM - EXPLAINING THE ENIGMA - FRITH,U SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review CR Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0272-4987 J9 Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A JI Q. J. Exp. Psychol. Sect A-Hum. Exp. Psychol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 43 IS 2 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA FM422 UT WOS:A1991FM42200009 ER PT J AU FERNELL, E GILLBERG, C VONWENDT, L AF FERNELL, E GILLBERG, C VONWENDT, L TI AUTISTIC SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN WITH INFANTILE HYDROCEPHALUS SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE INFANTILE HYDROCEPHALUS; AUTISTIC SYMPTOMS ID PRETERM INFANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SWEDEN; POPULATION; DISORDERS; ORIGIN; BORN; TERM AB From a population-based series of children with Infantile Hydrocephalus (IH) 69 patients (mean age 11.7 years) were examined with respect to the occurrence of autistic symptoms. Autistic symptomatology was evaluated according to a modified short Swedish version of the so-called Autism Behavior Checklist. Sixteen of the 69 IH children (23%) reached a score which was considered indicative of autistic symptoms (AS) in the child. This group was compared with the remaining 53 IH children without autistic symptoms (non AS). Significant differences were found between these two groups with respect to aetiological and clinical data. In the AS group 44% were born preterm as compared to 9% in the non AS group. CT scan showed major abnormalities in 64% of the AS children while this was present in 28% in the non AS group. The occurrence of major neuroimpairments-epilepsy, mental retardation and cerebral palsy-was 50%, 88% and 50% in the AS group as compared to 9%, 23% and 19% respectively in the non AS group. It was concluded that the more severe the brain damage in children with IH the more likely that autistic symptomatology would ensue. This implies that specific neuropsychiatric services to these families are required. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PAEDIAT 2,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,CTR CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. KAROLINSKA HOSP,DEPT ECON,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT HANDICAP RES,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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CR ALLEN JH, 1979, RADIOLOGY, V130, P379 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 HEATH RG, 1979, J NERV MENT DIS, V167, P585, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197910000-00001 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 WEINBERGER DR, 1979, LANCET, V1, P718 NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD APR 1 PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 733 EP 734 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90152-C PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA FG848 UT WOS:A1991FG84800022 PM 2054446 ER PT J AU BARONCOHEN, S AF BARONCOHEN, S TI DO PEOPLE WITH AUTISM UNDERSTAND WHAT CAUSES EMOTION SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDS APPRAISAL; MIND; EXPRESSIONS; FACES; ATTACHMENT; ABILITY; VOICES RP BARONCOHEN, S (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS BRIT J DEV BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, THESIS U COLLEGE BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BORKE H, 1971, DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P263, DOI 10.1037/h0031267 BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 CHARMAN T, 1990, UNPUB TESTING METARE DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 DAWSON G, 1988, M INT C INFANT STUDI Dennett D. 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Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x HUMPHRIES S, 1990, UNPUB FAR CAN PEOPLE Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASARI C, IN PRESS AUTISM EMOT Langdell T., 1981, THESIS U LONDON LEEKAM S, IN PRESS COGNITION LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 Leslie AM, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P19 LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 MITCHELL S, 1990, UNPUB EXPLORING AUTI OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES Pylyshyn Z. W., 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V4, P492 Raven JC., 1956, COLOURED PROGR MATRI RUSSELL J, IN PRESS BRIT J DEV SHAPIRO T, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P480, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00003 SHAW P, 1989, UNPUB DEFICIT AUTIST SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 SODIAN B, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY SWETTENHAM J, 1990, THESIS U YORK YORK TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1989, M SOC RES CHILD DEV TAN J, 1990, UNPUB AUTISTIC CHILD TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00274.x Trabasso T., 1981, PSYCHOL LEARN MOTIV, V15, P237, DOI 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60177-2 Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDRENS THEORIES M WELLMAN HM, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P245, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90024-E WELLMAN HM, 1988, COGNITION, V30, P239, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90021-2 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x YUILL N, 1984, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V2, P73 NR 62 TC 105 Z9 106 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD APR PY 1991 VL 62 IS 2 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FE582 UT WOS:A1991FE58200013 PM 2055129 ER PT J AU HASHIMOTO, T AIHARA, R TAYAMA, M MIYAZAKI, M SHIRAKAWA, Y KURODA, Y AF HASHIMOTO, T AIHARA, R TAYAMA, M MIYAZAKI, M SHIRAKAWA, Y KURODA, Y TI REDUCED THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE IN AUTISTIC BOYS SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; GROWTH-HORMONE; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; BLOOD SEROTONIN; SPINAL-FLUID; CHILDREN; SECRETION AB The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were compared among four groups of boys-41 autistic, 12 mentally retarded (MR), 12 with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) and five controls. The autistic boys were divided into two groups: DQ(IQ) greater-than-or-equal-to 80 and DQ(IQ) < 80. Mean TSH basal and peak levels were significantly lower in both autistic groups than in the MR, MBD and control groups. Mean TSH peak value minus basal value (p-b) was significantly lower in both autistic groups than in the control group. Mean prolactin levels and p-b value did not differ among groups. It is suggested that there may be enhanced dopaminergic and/or reduced serotonergic activity in the central nervous system of autistic children, together with hypothalamic dysfunction. RP HASHIMOTO, T (reprint author), UNIV TOKUSHIMA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,KURAMOTOCHO 3,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. CR ABBASSI Y, 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P383 ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 BURROW GN, 1977, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V45, P65 CAMPBELL M, 1982, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, V18, P110 CAMPBELL M, 1978, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V3, P195, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(78)90008-2 CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P371, DOI 10.1007/BF01538042 COHEN DJ, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P445, DOI 10.1007/BF02414820 COLLU R, 1989, PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOL, P1 COLLU R, 1978, J ENDOCRINOL INVEST, V1, P121 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF01531578 DEUTSCH SI, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF01531606 GARREAU B, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P93 Garreau B, 1980, Acta Psychiatr Belg, V80, P249 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01531587 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 HOSHINO Y, 1984, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V11, P22, DOI 10.1159/000118045 Hoshino Y, 1985, Fukushima J Med Sci, V31, P55 JENSEN JB, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61085-2 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KHAN A, 1970, BRIT MED J, V4, P495 KRULICH L, 1982, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V110, P796 MANNISTO PT, 1987, MED BIOL, V65, P121 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 NARUSE H, 1989, NO TO HATTATSU, V1, P181 SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01495056 SCANLON MF, 1977, LANCET, V2, P421 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SHERWIN AC, 1958, AM J PSYCHIAT, V115, P166 SHEWARD WJ, 1985, J ENDOCRINOL, V106, P113, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1060113 WEIZMAN R, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P430, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00009 YAMAZAKI K, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01540679 YOUNG JG, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1055 YOUNG JG, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P671, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61019-0 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA FE087 UT WOS:A1991FE08700005 PM 1904373 ER PT J AU BAIRD, G BARONCOHEN, S BOHMAN, M COLEMAN, M FRITH, U GILLBERG, C GILLBERG, C HOWLIN, P MESIBOV, G PEETERS, T RITVO, E STEFFENBURG, S TAYLOR, D WATERHOUSE, L WING, L ZAPELLA, M AF BAIRD, G BARONCOHEN, S BOHMAN, M COLEMAN, M FRITH, U GILLBERG, C GILLBERG, C HOWLIN, P MESIBOV, G PEETERS, T RITVO, E STEFFENBURG, S TAYLOR, D WATERHOUSE, L WING, L ZAPELLA, M TI AUTISM IS NOT NECESSARILY A PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 363 EP 364 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA FE087 UT WOS:A1991FE08700013 PM 2044858 ER PT J AU STONE, RL AIMI, J ZALKIN, H DIXON, JE BARSHOP, BA AF STONE, RL AIMI, J ZALKIN, H DIXON, JE BARSHOP, BA TI A GENETIC-DEFECT IN THE ADENYLOSUCCINATE LYASE MESSENGER-RNA ASSOCIATED WITH INFANTILE-AUTISM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PEDIAT,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 19 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP A1510 EP A1510 PN 3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FE557 UT WOS:A1991FE55700307 ER PT J AU NASRALLAH, HA SCHWARZKOPF, SB OLSON, SC COFFMAN, JA AF NASRALLAH, HA SCHWARZKOPF, SB OLSON, SC COFFMAN, JA TI PERINATAL BRAIN INJURY AND CEREBELLAR VERMAL LOBULES-I-X IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHIC SCAN CHANGES; VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ATROPHY; CT; PATHOLOGY; MANIA AB Several studies, including our own, have reported atrophy of the cerebellar vermis in some schizophrenic patients. A recent report by Courchesne et al (1988) of hypoplasia of a developmentally specific region of the cerebellar vermis in autism prompted us to hypothesize that the cerebellar "atrophy" in some schizophrenic patients may also have developmental origins. We measured the area of the vermal lobules in 30 male schizophrenics. Contrary to expectation, the patients as a group had consistently larger cerebellar structures than the controls. Patients with perinatal injury had smaller structures than the nonperinatally injured group, but these measures were still larger than in the control subjects. Patients without perinatal injury differed most from controls, having larger lobules VI-VII (p < 0.03). These preliminary findings tentatively suggest a role for developmental factors for cerebellar structures in schizophrenia. Further research is needed to clarify the cerebellar vermal changes observed in some schizophrenic patients. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,NEUROSCI PROGRAM,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP NASRALLAH, HA (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,473 W 12TH AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. 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Psychiatry PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 29 IS 6 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90092-Z PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA FG088 UT WOS:A1991FG08800005 PM 2054431 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C STEFFENBURG, S SCHAUMANN, H AF GILLBERG, C STEFFENBURG, S SCHAUMANN, H TI IS AUTISM MORE COMMON NOW THAN 10 YEARS AGO SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD; POPULATION AB A total population study of children, aged 13 years and under, suggested that there has been an apparent rise in the frequency of autistic disorder and autistic-like conditions (excluding Asperger's syndrome) in one area of western Sweden over the last ten years. The frequency was 4.0/100 000 in 1980, 7.5/10 000 in 1984 and 11.6/10 000 in 1988 in the city of Goteborg. Even though the prevalence rates refer to slightly different age cohorts, it was concluded that the apparent increases is in part due to better detection, but also to new cases born to immigrant parents. Typical cases of autistic disorder accounted for 75% of cases, and 20% had normal or near-normal IQs. RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CTR,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,BOX 17113,S-40261 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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J. Psychiatry PD MAR PY 1991 VL 158 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA FB720 UT WOS:A1991FB72000017 PM 1828000 ER PT J AU WEISS, SJ AF WEISS, SJ TI STRESSORS EXPERIENCED BY FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN WITH PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM; FAMILY CAREGIVERS; STRESS OF FAMILY ILLNESS ID RETARDED-CHILDREN AB The purpose of this study was to identify the perceived stressors experienced by parents who care for children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. The relationship between demographics and overall stress was also examined. The most frequently cited stressor was difficulty arranging for and collaborating with professional and support services. Problems associated with the child's emotional and mental state were viewed as the most stressful of all. No demographic variables showed a significant relationship to degree of overall stress. RP WEISS, SJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH NURSING,INFANT CHILD & ADOLESCENT MENTAL HLTH PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. CR ABBOTT DA, 1986, FAM RELAT, V35, P371, DOI 10.2307/584363 BERGER M, 1980, YOUNG CHILDREN, V51, P22 BIRENBAUM A, 1988, FINANCING MENTAL HLT CANTWELL DP, 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P41 CUTLER BC, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P513 DEVEREAUXDELUCA K, 1984, HELPING PROFESSIONAL DUPONT A, 1980, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V62, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07697.x FRIEDRICH WN, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V90, P130 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GOLDBERG S, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P610 GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 Harris S. 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Hum. Dev. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1007/BF00705906 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA EZ763 UT WOS:A1991EZ76300006 PM 2007345 ER PT J AU WARREN, RP SINGH, VK COLE, P ODELL, JD PINGREE, CB WARREN, WL WHITE, E AF WARREN, RP SINGH, VK COLE, P ODELL, JD PINGREE, CB WARREN, WL WHITE, E TI INCREASED FREQUENCY OF THE NULL ALLELE AT THE COMPLEMENT C4B LOCUS IN AUTISM SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; COMPLEMENT; C4B; NULL ALLELES ID ASSOCIATION; CHILD AB Associations between C4 deficiency and autoimmune disorders have been found over the past several years. Since autism has several autoimmune features, the frequencies of null (no protein produced) alleles at the C4A and C4B loci were studied in 19 subjects with autism and their family members. The autistic subjects and their mothers had significantly increased phenotypic frequencies of the C4B null allele (58% in both the autistic subjects and mothers, compared with 27% in control subjects). The siblings of the autistic subjects also had an increased frequency of the C4B null allele, but this increase was not significant. The fathers had normal frequencies of this null allele. All family members had normal frequencies of the C4A null allele, all normal C4A and C4B alleles and all BF and C2 alleles. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP WARREN, RP (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEV CTR HANDICAPPED PERSONS,DEPT BIOL,UMC 6895,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF02206993 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000001 PM 2037546 ER PT J AU ADRIEN, JL FAURE, M PERROT, A HAMEURY, L GARREAU, B BARTHELEMY, C SAUVAGE, D AF ADRIEN, JL FAURE, M PERROT, A HAMEURY, L GARREAU, B BARTHELEMY, C SAUVAGE, D TI AUTISM AND FAMILY HOME MOVIES - PRELIMINARY FINDINGS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article RP ADRIEN, JL (reprint author), CHR BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,F-37000 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1990, AUTISME ENFANT, pCH12 ADRIEN JL, UNPUB AUTISM HOME MO ADRIEN JL, 1990, UNPUB DEV PSYCHOPATH American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT FAURE M, 1989, INTERET FILMS FAMILI Lelord G, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P43 MASSIE H, 1984, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SAUVAGE D, 1988, ANN PSYCHIAT, V3, P418 Sauvage D, 1988, AUTISME NOURRISSON J NR 11 TC 62 Z9 63 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1007/BF02206996 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000004 PM 2037548 ER PT J AU PIVEN, J TSAI, G NEHME, E COYLE, JT CHASE, GA FOLSTEIN, SE AF PIVEN, J TSAI, G NEHME, E COYLE, JT CHASE, GA FOLSTEIN, SE TI PLATELET SEROTONIN, A POSSIBLE MARKER FOR FAMILIAL AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; WHOLE-BLOOD; CHILDREN; METABOLITES; TRYPTOPHAN; PLASMA C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1007/BF02206997 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000005 PM 2037549 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C AF GILLBERG, C TI THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSES; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; SEIZURES; LITHIUM RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 61 EP 77 DI 10.1007/BF02206998 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000006 PM 2037550 ER PT J AU SANDMAN, CA BARRON, JL CHICZDEMET, A DEMET, EM AF SANDMAN, CA BARRON, JL CHICZDEMET, A DEMET, EM TI BRIEF REPORT - PLASMA BETA-ENDORPHIN AND CORTISOL-LEVELS IN AUTISTIC PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; NALTREXONE RP SANDMAN, CA (reprint author), STATE DEV RES INST FAIRVIEW,2501 HARBOR BLVD,COSTA MESA,CA 92626, USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1007/BF02207000 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000008 PM 2037552 ER PT J AU WAKSCHLAG, LS COOK, EH HAMMOND, DN LEVENTHAL, BL HOPKINS, J AF WAKSCHLAG, LS COOK, EH HAMMOND, DN LEVENTHAL, BL HOPKINS, J TI AUTISM AND TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN RP WAKSCHLAG, LS (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. 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PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1007/BF02207002 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000010 PM 1903790 ER PT J AU BONDY, AS AF BONDY, AS TI AUTISM AND LIFE IN THE COMMUNITY - SMITH,MD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review CR SMITH MD, 1989, AUTISM LIFE COMMUNIT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1007/BF02207003 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000011 ER PT J AU MORENO, SJ AF MORENO, SJ TI CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - A PARENTS GUIDE - POWERS,M SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review RP MORENO, SJ (reprint author), MAAP SERV INC,CROWN POINT,IN, USA. CR Powers M. D., 1989, CHILDREN AUTISM PARE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000012 ER PT J AU HOLMES, D AF HOLMES, D TI CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ADULT AUTISM - ISSUES IN DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT - MATSON,JL SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review CR MATSON JL, 1989, CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENI NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA FB780 UT WOS:A1991FB78000013 ER PT J AU NORDQUIST, VM TWARDOSZ, S MCEVOY, MA AF NORDQUIST, VM TWARDOSZ, S MCEVOY, MA TI EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REORGANIZATION IN CLASSROOMS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP NORDQUIST, VM (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHILD & FAMILY STUDIES,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. CR BAER AM, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-289 Bailey D. 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L., 1985, SLOSSON INTELLIGENCE Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STRIN PS, 1989, MAY ASS BEH AN CONV TURNBULL A, 1986, ETHICS DEALING PERSO, P119 WAHLER RG, 1983, BEHAV THER, V14, P19, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(83)80085-9 WEBSTERSTRATTON C, 1985, BEHAV THER, V16, P223, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80048-4 WOLERY M, 1983, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V50, P167 NR 39 TC 55 Z9 56 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 SN 1053-8151 J9 J EARLY INTERVENTION JI J. Early Interv. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 173 EP 184 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA FT319 UT WOS:A1991FT31900006 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, J MARSHALL, J AF MARSHALL, J MARSHALL, J TI CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - A PARENTS GUIDE - POWERS,MD SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Book Review CR Powers M. D., 1989, CHILDREN AUTISM PARE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 SN 1053-8151 J9 J EARLY INTERVENTION JI J. Early Interv. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 208 EP 209 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA FT319 UT WOS:A1991FT31900011 ER PT J AU HYND, GW SEMRUDCLIKEMAN, M LORYS, AR NOVEY, ES ELIOPULOS, D LYYTINEN, H AF HYND, GW SEMRUDCLIKEMAN, M LORYS, AR NOVEY, ES ELIOPULOS, D LYYTINEN, H TI CORPUS-CALLOSUM MORPHOLOGY IN ATTENTION DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER - MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MRI SO JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; DYSFUNCTION; DOMINANCE; SEX; CT C1 ATHENS MAGNET IMAGING,MED,ATHENS,GA. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02114. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL,MANHASSET,NY 11030. 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PD MAR PY 1991 VL 24 IS 3 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA EY753 UT WOS:A1991EY75300002 PM 2026955 ER PT J AU ODOM, SL WATTS, E AF ODOM, SL WATTS, E TI REDUCING TEACHER PROMPTS IN PEER-MEDIATED INTERVENTIONS FOR YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION; HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; INITIATIONS; SKILLS; MAINTENANCE C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP ODOM, SL (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,PEABODY COLL,BOX 328,NASHVILLE,TN 37203, USA. 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Clin. North Amer. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 165 EP 182 PG 18 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA FB822 UT WOS:A1991FB82200011 PM 1675463 ER PT J AU EKMAN, G DECHATEAU, P MARIONS, O SELLDEN, H WAHLUND, LO WETTERBERG, L AF EKMAN, G DECHATEAU, P MARIONS, O SELLDEN, H WAHLUND, LO WETTERBERG, L TI LOW FIELD MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING OF THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM IN 15 CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE AUTISTIC DISORDER; MRI ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; SCAN FINDINGS; BRAIN; TOMOGRAPHY; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Fifteen children, 10 boys and 5 girls, with autistic disorder, were studied with low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The age ranged from 2.7-13.1 years, with a mean of 8.3 years. All patients but one (who refused) had a normal CT scan of the C.N.S. The MRI investigation was performed during anaesthesia with a low field magnetic resonance imager. The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem were examined. No pathological changes were found in any of the patients studied. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,ST GORANS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-11281 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. KAROLINSKA INST,ST GORANS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PAEDIAT ANAESTHESIA,S-11281 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SODER SJUKHUSET,DEPT RADIOL,S-10064 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP EKMAN, G (reprint author), KAROLINSKA INST,ST GORANS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,S-11281 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. CR ALINAKERMAN B, 1980, GRIFFITHS UTVECKLING BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1985, NEUROLOGY S247, V35 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 CAPARULO BK, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P338, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60993-6 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01487072 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 GILLBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P257, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00714.x HARCHERIK DF, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P731 PRIOR MR, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P482 REISS AL, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V17, P1152 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 ROSENBLOOM S, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P72, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00010 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF02211823 SELLDEN H, 1990, ACTA ANAESTH SCAND, V34, P41 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC, P38 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-656X J9 ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND PD FEB PY 1991 VL 80 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11840.x PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FA755 UT WOS:A1991FA75500017 PM 2035315 ER PT J AU COHEN, IL SUDHALTER, V PFADT, A JENKINS, EC BROWN, WT VIETZE, PM AF COHEN, IL SUDHALTER, V PFADT, A JENKINS, EC BROWN, WT VIETZE, PM TI WHY ARE AUTISM AND THE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME ASSOCIATED - CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SWEDISH MULTICENTER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MALES; DISABILITIES; CHROMOSOME; BEHAVIOR; GAZE AB Investigations of the association between autism and the fragile-X syndrome have yielded conflicting results with some studies indicating a strong correlation and others indicating no relation between the disorders. In this paper, we review the relevant research on this controversy and discuss the conceptual and methodological problems involved in such an inquiry. We conclude that autism and fragile X are associated and that this relation will prove fruitful in understanding the role of the X chromosome in a variety of behavior disorders and in unraveling various theoretical accounts on the etiology of autism. C1 NEW YORK STATE OFF MENTAL RETARDAT & DEV DISABIL,STATEN ISL,NY. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP COHEN, IL (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABILITIES,DEPT PSYCHOL,1050 FOREST HILL RD,STATEN ISL,NY 10314, USA. CR BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 BROWN WT, 1982, LANCET, V1, P100 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 BUCKLE VJ, 1989, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V51, P972 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x COHEN IL, IN PRESS AM J MED GE COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 Coleman M., 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROMES EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FISCH GS, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P655, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300166 FISCH GS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P71 Fonnum F., 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P173 GILLBERG C, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P256, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.3.256 GOLDFINE PE, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P108 GREEN DM, 1966, SIGNAL DETECTION THE HAGERMAN R, 1985, AM J DIS CHILD, V139, P674 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 Hommer DW, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P977 HUTT C, 1966, BEHAV SCI, V11, P346, DOI 10.1002/bs.3830110504 IVERSEN SD, 1981, BEHAVIORAL PHARM JENKINS EC, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P429, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300144 KEMPER TL, 1988, DISORDERS DEV NERVOU, P125 LAIRD CD, 1987, GENETICS, V117, P587 LEVITAS A, 1983, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P153 Lloyd K. G., 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P183 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 PARTINGTON MW, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P175, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170111 PAYTON JB, 1986, ANN NEUROL, V20, P417 RAPIN I, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P710 REISS AL, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 REISS AL, IN PRESS J AM ACAD C RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 ROSS S, 1976, 1ST COURSE PROBABILI SHAH A, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P153 SUTHERLAND GR, IN PRESS AM J MED GE UNGERER J, 1985, CHILDREN EMOTIONAL D, P137 VENTER PA, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P597, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230154 VOELCKEL MA, 1989, HUM GENET, V81, P353, DOI 10.1007/BF00283690 WAHLSTROM J, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P403, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230132 WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1462 WEBB TP, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P573, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230151 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P665, DOI 10.1002/ana.410180607 WOLFF PH, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P406 Zahner G., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P199 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 49 TC 95 Z9 95 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 48 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA EV744 UT WOS:A1991EV74400003 PM 1990832 ER PT J AU TRANEBJAERG, L KURE, P AF TRANEBJAERG, L KURE, P TI PREVALENCE OF FRA(X) AND OTHER SPECIFIC DIAGNOSES IN AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS IN A DANISH COUNTY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE FRAGILE X AND X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION ( FRA(X) AND XLMR ) CY JUL 04-08, 1989 CL HARRIMAN, NY SP NICHHD HO ARDEN HOUSE CONF CTR DE FRAGILE-X; AUTISM; SCREENING; RETT SYNDROME; CHROMOSOMAL ABBERATIONS ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MULTICENTER; FEMALES; MARKER AB In a Danish county (the island of Funen) cytogenetic screening for fragile X [fra(X)] of 32 autistic individuals aged 0-23 years showed a prevalence of 2/20 among boys and 0/12 among girls. In both cases additional fra(X) positive relatives were found. In 3 patients other chromosome aberrations were demonstrated and in one female Rett syndrome was diagnosed, initially suspected from observations of her behavior on videotapes. The presence of an underlying cause of autism in 6/32, of the patient group encourages an active search for a specific diagnosis among autistic males and females. Future screening of autistic individuals should include 1) fra(X) search also in females, 2) search for other chromosomal disorders, and 3) observation of behavior, in order to diagnose, i.e., Rett syndrome. C1 CTY SERV LEARNING DISABLED CHILDREN,ODENSE,DENMARK. RP TRANEBJAERG, L (reprint author), JOHN F KENNEDY INST,DEPT MED GENET,GI LANDEVEJ 7,DK-2600 GLOSTRUP,DENMARK. CR BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BREGMAN JD, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P463, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00001 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 COHEN IL, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P302, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340240 COUTEUR AL, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P458, DOI 10.1007/BF02212201 EDWARDS DR, 1988, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V9, P359 GILLBERG C, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P447, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00736.x GILLBERG C, 1989, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V78, P314, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11076.x HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P375, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230129 HAGERMAN RJ, 1990, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS TRE, P105 HANSEN A, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF01539002 MARINER R, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF01531709 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 RITVO ER, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P600 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 TREVATHAN E, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1462 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380208 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ET993 UT WOS:A1991ET99300007 PM 2018060 ER PT J AU HAGERMAN, RJ AMIRI, K CRONISTER, A AF HAGERMAN, RJ AMIRI, K CRONISTER, A TI FRAGILE-X CHECKLIST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE FRAGILE X AND X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION ( FRA(X) AND XLMR ) CY JUL 04-08, 1989 CL HARRIMAN, NY SP NICHHD HO ARDEN HOUSE CONF CTR DE MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME; SCREENING; MACROORCHIDISM ID MENTALLY-RETARDED MALES; DIAGNOSIS; AUTISM; BOYS AB A 13-item checklist that combines physical and behavioral traits typical of fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome was evaluated prospectively in the screening of 107 males with mental retardation or severe learning disabilities. The checklist was completed before we obtained cytogenetic results. Fifteen males were fra(X)-positive and the manifestations that differentiated fra(X)-positive and fra(X)-negative patients included perseverative speech, large or prominent ears, large testicles, and tactile defensiveness. The combination of physical and behavioral traits is helpful in suggesting the diagnosis and identifying high-risk patients. A total score of 16 or higher had a significant yield of fra(X)-positive patients (greater-than-or-equal-to 45%). C1 SEWALL REHABIL CTR,DENVER,CO. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. RP HAGERMAN, RJ (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,CHILD DEV UNIT,1056 E 19TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80218, USA. CR BRONDUMNIELSEN K, 1982, HUM GENET, V61, P113 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 FRYNS JP, 1984, CLIN GENET, V25, P131 HAGERMAN R, 1985, AM J DIS CHILD, V139, P674 HAGERMAN R, 1988, AM J DIS CHILD, V142, P1216 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HAGERMAN RJ, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P111, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170106 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, FRAGILE X SYNDROME, P56 Hagerman R J, 1987, Curr Probl Pediatr, V17, P621 HOWARDPEEBLES PN, 1983, AM J MED GENET, V15, P631, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320150414 KIRKILIONIS AJ, 1988, J MENT DEFIC RES, V32, P19 LARGO RH, 1985, EUR J PEDIATR, V143, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF00442299 MADISON LS, 1986, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V11, P91, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/11.1.91 MCGAVRAN L, 1983, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P229 NERI G, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P1, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300102 PRIMROSE DA, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P655, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.6.655 RIMLAND B, 1984, FRAGILE X SYNDROME Q THAKE A, 1985, ARCH DIS CHILD, V60, P1001 TURNER G, 1989, 17 HUM GEN SOC AUSTR TURNER G, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P607, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198609043151002 WEBB TP, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P573, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230151 NR 21 TC 96 Z9 99 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380223 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ET993 UT WOS:A1991ET99300022 PM 2018072 ER PT J AU SUDHALTER, V SCARBOROUGH, HS COHEN, IL AF SUDHALTER, V SCARBOROUGH, HS COHEN, IL TI SYNTACTIC DELAY AND PRAGMATIC DEVIANCE IN THE LANGUAGE OF FRAGILE-X MALES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE FRAGILE X AND X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION ( FRA(X) AND XLMR ) CY JUL 04-08, 1989 CL HARRIMAN, NY SP NICHHD HO ARDEN HOUSE CONF CTR DE LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE; SYNTAX AND PRAGMATICS; COMMUNICATIVE PROBLEMS ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISFLUENCY; EMERGING GRAMMAR; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB The expressive language of 19 fragile X [fra(X)] males with chronological ages between 5 and 36 years and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scores between 21 and 79 was examined for syntactic as well as pragmatic proficiency. The production of deviant repetitive language was observed with this group, corroborating the results of an earlier study with a smaller sample of fra(X) males. In contrast, when 2 syntax scores, mean length of utterance (MLU), and Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) were derived from naturalistic language observations, the relation of complexity to length was observed to be very similar to the known relationship of these 2 facets of syntactic ability in normal preschoolers. These results, and the absence of correlations between syntactic scores and proportions of deviant repetitive language are consistent with the notion that the syntactic development of fra(X) males is typically delayed rather than deviant. For effective assessment and remediation of communicative problems associated with the syndrome to be developed, it is argued, language must be considered as a combination of competencies rather than as a unitary skill. C1 CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,BROOKLYN,NY 11210. RP SUDHALTER, V (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABILITIES,NEW YORK OFF MENTAL RETARDATION & DEV DISABIL,STATEN ISL,NY 10314, USA. CR Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 Bloom L, 1978, LANGUAGE DEV LANGUAG Brown Roger, 1973, 1 LANGUAGE COLBURN N, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P414 COLBURN N, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P421 DEWEY M, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P348, DOI 10.1007/BF02105378 FOWLER AE, 1984, THESIS U PENNSYLVANI, P324 FOWLER AE, 1980, OCT BOST U C CHILD L MADISON LS, 1986, J MENT DEFIC RES, V30, P129 Miller J., 1983, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG PAUL R, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P457, DOI 10.1007/BF01486963 PRIOR MR, 1977, J MENT DEFIC RES, V21, P37 RESCORLA L, 1989, APR SOC RES CHILD DE Rondal J. A., 1978, MENT RETARD, V16, P169 SCARBOROUGH HS, 1990, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V11, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400008262 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206853 WIEGELCRUMP CA, 1981, ED TRAINING MENTALLY, V6, P24 Wolf-Schein E G, 1987, ASHA, V29, P35 NR 21 TC 53 Z9 53 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380270 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ET993 UT WOS:A1991ET99300069 PM 2018092 ER PT J AU COX, AD AF COX, AD TI IS ASPERGERS SYNDROME A USEFUL DIAGNOSIS SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DISORDER; CHILDREN C1 UNITED MED & DENT SCH GUYS & ST THOMASS HOSP,LONDON,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 CANTWELL DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02212715 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V1, P1 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 FRITH U, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, P19 FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x HOBSON P, 1990, BR J MED PSYCHOL, V63, P199 Hobson R. P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P197, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000390 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 RUTTER M, 1975, GUIDE MULTIAXIAL CLA RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VANKREVE.DA, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P82 WING L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, pR5 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, P1 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 1990, MENTAL BEHAVIOURAL D 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 66 IS 2 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA EV650 UT WOS:A1991EV65000024 PM 2001117 ER PT J AU HOLROYD, S REISS, AL BRYAN, RN AF HOLROYD, S REISS, AL BRYAN, RN TI AUTISTIC FEATURES IN JOUBERT SYNDROME - A GENETIC DISORDER WITH AGENESIS OF THE CEREBELLAR VERMIS SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA; DYSPLASIA AB Recent reports in the literature have suggested a link between abnormalities of the cerebellar vermis and the behavioral syndrome of autism. Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by partial or complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. However, there is little behavioral or psychiatric description of patients with this genetic condition. In this report, the neuropsychiatric characteristics of two children with Joubert syndrome are described in detail. One child met DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder, while the other displayed autistic features. The female child displayed stereotypic behavior and impairments in social interaction and communication, had a markedly restricted repertoire of interests, and showed distress over changes in the environment. The male child demonstrated perseveration and preoccupation with sounds and textures, but had no abnormalities in social interaction. Although both children showed developmental disabilities, the degree of cognitive delay was significantly less than that described in previous reports of children with Joubert syndrome. This report adds to the growing body of evidence implicating cerebellar involvement in developmental disabilities and autistic behavior. C1 KENNEDY INST,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP HOLROYD, S (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,MEYER-279,600 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Bryan, R. Nick/P-1661-2014 CR BOLTSHAUSER E, 1977, NEUROPADIATRIE, V8, P57, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1091505 CAMPBELL S, 1984, PRENATAL DIAG, V4, P391, DOI 10.1002/pd.1970040512 CASAER P, 1985, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V16, P43, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1052543 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 EDWARDS BO, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, P247 FRIEDE RL, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P758 JOUBERT M, 1969, NEUROLOGY, V19, P813 KENDALL B, 1990, NEURORADIOLOGY, V31, P502 KING MD, 1984, ARCH DIS CHILD, V59, P709 LAMBERT SR, 1989, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V107, P709 LAVERDA AM, 1984, J PEDIATR-US, V105, P282, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80133-X MERCURI S, 1979, NEUROCHIRURGIA, V22, P180 REISS AL, 1990, IN PRESS J AM ACAD C REISS AL, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 REISS AL, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V31, P407, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320310220 REISS AL, 1990, IN PRESS ANN NEUROL NR 16 TC 69 Z9 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD FEB 1 PY 1991 VL 29 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)91291-X PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA EX037 UT WOS:A1991EX03700011 PM 2015333 ER PT J AU BREMNER, AJ REGAN, A AF BREMNER, AJ REGAN, A TI INTOXICATED BY WATER - POLYDIPSIA AND WATER-INTOXICATION IN A MENTAL HANDICAP HOSPITAL SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ANTIDIURETIC-HORMONE SECRETION; ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; INAPPROPRIATE SECRETION; PSYCHOGENIC POLYDIPSIA; STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; PSYCHOTIC-PATIENTS; HYPONATREMIA; DEMECLOCYCLINE AB A cross-sectional survey of the drinking habits of 877 mentally handicapped in-patients revealed 31 patients (prevalence 3.5%) who, in the opinion of nurses, drank five litres or more daily. Low urine specific gravity was a less useful indicator of polydipsia. Polydipsia appeared to be significantly associated with a borderline level of handicap and with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, autism or severe personality/behaviour disorder. Of five cases of water intoxication associated with polydipsia, one was fatal. In two cases excess drinking improved with increased neuroleptic medication. Lithium and demeclocycline were used in two cases to prevent hyponatraemic episodes. C1 LEAVESDEN HOSP,COLL RD,ABBOTS LANGLEY WD5 0NU,HERTS,ENGLAND. CHARING CROSS HOSP,PSYCHIAT,LONDON W6,ENGLAND. 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J. Psychiatry PD FEB PY 1991 VL 158 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1192/bjp.158.2.244 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA EX397 UT WOS:A1991EX39700016 PM 2012917 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, JA SELZER, SC PATIL, S VANDYKE, DC AF BLACKMAN, JA SELZER, SC PATIL, S VANDYKE, DC TI AUTISTIC DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH AN ISO-DICENTRIC Y-CHROMOSOME SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; XYY; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN AB The relationship between a fragile site on the X chromosome and autism has been well documented. The authors report a three-year-old child with partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome Y, who had an autistic disorder. He was microcephalic, but otherwise had a normal phenotype. There was a history of preterm birth and maternal diabetes. This is the sixth case of sex chromosome Y aneuploidy associated with autism, but the first with an isodicentric Y. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 33 IS 2 BP 162 EP 166 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA EU670 UT WOS:A1991EU67000010 PM 2015985 ER PT J AU GEDYE, A AF GEDYE, A TI FRONTAL-LOBE SEIZURES IN AUTISM SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BIMANUAL-BIPEDAL ACTIVITY; COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ICTAL MANIFESTATIONS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; NORMAL-CHILDREN AB The set of features that constitute 'autism' has been traced to numerous etiologies. Certain autistic features have been localized to dysfunction in certain neural areas, most notably frontal and temporal regions. The author hypothesizes that many of the symptoms characteristic of autism fit the clinical picture of frontal lobe seizures. 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V25, P668 WATERMAN K, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P577 WHITE BB, 1987, MED HYPOTHESES, V24, P223, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(87)90068-5 WIESER HG, 1988, EPILEPSIA, V29, P208 WILLIAMSON PD, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P497, DOI 10.1002/ana.410180413 WILLIAMSON PD, 1988, EPILEPSIA, V29, P207 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 YARBROUGH E, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01487062 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 121 TC 10 Z9 10 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1016/0306-9877(91)90189-6 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FA069 UT WOS:A1991FA06900017 PM 2041494 ER PT J AU KUSCH, M AF KUSCH, M TI AUTISM - DESCRIPTION, POSSIBLE CAUSES, THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES - GERMAN - HILFE-FUR-DAS-AUTISTISCHE-KIND, REGIONALVERBAND-NORDBADEN-PFALZ-EV SO PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Book Review CR *HILF DAS AUT KIND, 1990, AUT ERSCH MOGL URS T NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT PI GOTTINGEN PA THEATERSTRASSE 13, POSTFACH 77, W-37070 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SN 0032-7034 J9 PRAX KINDERPSYCHOL K JI Prax. Kinderpsychol. Kinderpsychiatr. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 40 IS 2 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA FB388 UT WOS:A1991FB38800011 ER PT J AU HOF, PR KNABE, R BOVIER, P BOURAS, C AF HOF, PR KNABE, R BOVIER, P BOURAS, C TI NEUROPATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN A CASE OF AUTISM PRESENTING WITH SELF-INJURY BEHAVIOR SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; CEREBRAL CORTEX; HEAD TRAUMA; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; SELF-INJURY BEHAVIOR ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PATHOLOGICAL-CHANGES; VULNERABLE SUBSET; MACACA-MULATTA; SENILE PLAQUES; RHESUS-MONKEY; CORTEX; NEOCORTEX AB We report the neuropathological evaluation of a 24-year-old autistic woman suffering from a residual state of infantile autism and presenting with self-injury behavior since childhood. Her behavior included headbanging, eye-gouging and self-biting. All intended therapeutic measures remained without effect, including high doses of psychotropic drugs. At autopsy, numerous neurofibrillary tangles were found in the perirhinal and entorhinal cortex where they were frequently grouped in nests or clusters. A few neurofibrillary tangles were also observed in the amygdala and in the prepiriform and orbito-frontal cortex. In the cortex, tangles were located in both layers II and III. There were no neuritic plaques or amyloid deposits. Interestingly, neurofibrillary tangles have been described in brains of individuals who had experienced repeated head injuries such as boxers (dementia pugilistica) and soccer players, suggesting that in our case a similar mechanism induced tangle formation and resulted in the loss of selective neuronal populations. C1 UNIV GENEVA,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IUPG BEL AIR,CH-1225 CHENE BOURG,SWITZERLAND. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT GERIATR & ADULT DEV,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP HOF, PR (reprint author), CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,FISHBERG RES CTR NEUROBIOL,BOX 1065,NEW YORK,NY 10029, USA. 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PY 1991 VL 82 IS 4 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA GG487 UT WOS:A1991GG48700011 PM 1759563 ER PT J AU REISS, AL AYLWARD, E FREUND, LS JOSHI, PK BRYAN, RN AF REISS, AL AYLWARD, E FREUND, LS JOSHI, PK BRYAN, RN TI NEUROANATOMY OF FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME - THE POSTERIOR-FOSSA SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; CEREBELLUM; VERMIS; MALES; BRAIN; CELLS; RATS AB The occurrence and specificity of posterior abnormalities as measured from magnetic resonance images of the brain were investigated in a group of 14 males with fragile X syndrome and comparison groups consisting of 17 males with other causes of developmental disability and 18 males with normal IQs. The size of the posterior cerebellar vermis was significantly decreased and the fourth ventricle significantly increased in the group of males with fragile X syndrome compared with males in both comparison groups. 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Psychiat. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1 BP 7 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0010-440X(91)90065-K PG 15 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA EQ561 UT WOS:A1991EQ56100002 PM 2001623 ER PT J AU TRANEBAERG, L ORUM, A AF TRANEBAERG, L ORUM, A TI MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AS A PROMINENT BUT UNDERESTIMATED FEATURE OF FRAGILE-X SYNDROME SO COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITY; CHROMOSOME; AUTISM; HLA; BEHAVIOR; LINKAGE; MARKERS; MALES; GENE C1 CTY CTR MULTIPLY HANDICAPPED ADULTS COPENHAGEN,SOBORG,DENMARK. RP TRANEBAERG, L (reprint author), JOHN F KENNEDY INST,DEPT MED GENET,7 G1 LANDEVEJ,DK-2600 GLOSTRUP,DENMARK. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0010-440X(91)90073-L PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA EQ561 UT WOS:A1991EQ56100010 PM 2001625 ER PT J AU MARTINSSON, T JOHANNESSON, T SJOSTEDT, A STEFFENBURG, S GILLBERG, C WAHLSTROM, J AF MARTINSSON, T JOHANNESSON, T SJOSTEDT, A STEFFENBURG, S GILLBERG, C WAHLSTROM, J TI MATERNAL ORIGIN OF A SUPERNUMERARY DICENTRIC CHROMOSOME 15-MARKER IN 3 PATIENTS WITH INFANTILE-AUTISM SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EAST HOSP,DEPT CLIN GENET,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UNIV GOTHENBURG,DEPT GENET,S-41431 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. EAST HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RI Martinsson, Tommy/J-4140-2013 OI Martinsson, Tommy/0000-0002-9403-3123 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 1994 EP 1994 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA HE949 UT WOS:A1991HE94900370 ER PT J AU VANLANCKER, D CORNELIUS, C NEEDLEMAN, R AF VANLANCKER, D CORNELIUS, C NEEDLEMAN, R TI COMPREHENSION OF VERBAL TERMS FOR EMOTIONS IN NORMAL, AUTISTIC, AND SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSIONS; APPRAISAL; LANGUAGE AB The abilities of autistic and schizophrenic children to recognize the meanings of concrete nouns, nonemotional (neutral) adjectives, and emotional adjectives were compared to a normal control (NC) group using a picture-matching task. Autistic children performed significantly worse than chronological-age-matched normal and schizophrenic children on emotional adjectives but did not differ in their abilities to recognize the meanings of nouns and neutral adjectives. Schizophrenic children did not differ from normal children in any of the three tasks. When matched on mental age, autistic and normal groups did not differ significantly. In a descriptive analysis of definitions, verbal responses from autistic children were found to be more like those of younger normal children. Considered together, these results suggest that abnormal performance on adjectives can be attributed to language delay rather than to specific autistic features. When parents, autism experts, and speech/language pathologists evaluated definitions of emotional adjectives produced by autistic and normal children, all three rater groups were able to distinguish between responses from the two groups. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY OFF EDUC,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV N DAKOTA,NEUROPSYCHIAT RES INST,GRAND FORKS,ND 58201. RP VANLANCKER, D (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,CTR MED EDUC,1919 ELM ST N,FARGO,ND 58102, USA. 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PY 1991 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA FD220 UT WOS:A1991FD22000001 ER PT J AU VOLKMAR, FR AF VOLKMAR, FR TI AUTISM AND THE PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS SO HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article CR FACTOR DC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P637, DOI 10.1007/BF02212862 HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0022-1597 J9 HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH PD JAN PY 1991 VL 42 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA EQ443 UT WOS:A1991EQ44300005 PM 2026399 ER PT J AU TUSTIN, F AF TUSTIN, F TI REVISED UNDERSTANDINGS OF PSYCHOGENIC AUTISM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB The author suggests that, in the light of observational findings from babies, it is no longer tenable to postulate a normal autistic phase in infancy, and to view pathological autism as a halt at, or a regression to, such a phase. This has been a commonly held psychoanalytic view concerning the aetiology of autism, and she has subscribed to it. In this paper, the author presents a revision of these views, in that she now reserves the term autism to refer solely to pathological conditions. Her present view is that autism is a system of protective, but alienating auto-sensual aberrations which have developed to deal with an infantile trauma of seeming to be wrenched away from a mothering person's body. She suggests that in an unduly fused nursing situation, mother and child had felt undifferentiated from each other. Thus, the infant had taken it for granted that the mother's body was a permanent part of 'its' body. It was an unbearable shock when this was found to be not so. The author suggests that autistic reactions to this shock are the source of the autistic child's many deficits. Based on clinical material presented in her other books and papers, she has attempted to describe and conceptualize the protective auto-sensual reactive aberrations which develop to deal with this traumatic awareness of bodily separateness. 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PY 1991 VL 72 BP 585 EP 591 PN 4 PG 7 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA GZ705 UT WOS:A1991GZ70500002 PM 1797714 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, GB THOMPSON, JN BODENSTEINER, JB GINGOLD, M WILSON, M WILSON, D AF SCHAEFER, GB THOMPSON, JN BODENSTEINER, JB GINGOLD, M WILSON, M WILSON, D TI AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN THE RELATIVE GROWTH OF THE POSTERIOR-FOSSA SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM AB We have established a normative data set for the relative size of the structures of the midline posterior fossa from birth to 90 years old. Data were obtained from morphometric analysis of midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain utilizing a simple image analysis system. There are several significant changes in the size of these structures with an increase in chronologic age. The relative size of the cisterna magna decreases with age. Anterior cerebellar vermal lobules (I through V) appear to grow more rapidly than the rest of the cerebellum. Other, less significant, trends include a decrease in the overall size of the cerebellum, superior posterior vermal lobules (VI and VII) and inferior posterior lobule (VIII) with an increase in age. It is, therefore, necessary to use age-standardized normative data when making morphometric correlations with clinical disorders. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT ZOOL,NORMAN,OK 73019. W VIRGINIA UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT NEUROL,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. CR ANDREASEN NC, 1988, SCIENCE, V239, P1381, DOI 10.1126/science.3279509 BODENSTEINER J, 1990, Neurology, V40, P358 BODENSTEINER JB, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P284, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90067-7 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 FILIPEK PA, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V25, P61, DOI 10.1002/ana.410250110 JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P27 NASRALLAH HA, 1986, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V21, P274, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90048-X REISS AL, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 SCHAEFER GB, 1990, J CHILD NEUROL, V5, P127 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1177/088307389100600103 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA ER168 UT WOS:A1991ER16800003 PM 2002195 ER PT J AU MINSHEW, NJ PETTEGREW, JW GOLDSTEIN, G PHILLIPS, NE STRYCHOR, S AF MINSHEW, NJ PETTEGREW, JW GOLDSTEIN, G PHILLIPS, NE STRYCHOR, S TI CORRELATIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ALTERED BRAIN METABOLISM IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA EY986 UT WOS:A1991EY98600066 ER PT J AU AYLWARD, EH REISS, A AF AYLWARD, EH REISS, A TI AREA AND VOLUME MEASUREMENT OF POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES IN MRI SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; HYPOPLASIA; VALIDITY; SIZE AB This study was undertaken to determine the extent to which area measures of posterior fossa structures can be used confidently to represent structure volumes. MRI scans were obtained from three groups: fragile X males, males with other developmental disabilities, and males with normal IQ. The areas of the midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellar vermis, and fourth ventricle were measured in midsagittal sections. Volumes of midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum, fourth ventricle, and third ventricle were obtained by measuring these structures in contiguous axial slices. In addition, the largest axial area for each structure was identified. Analysis revealed that midsagittal area measures for pons, medulla, and fourth ventricle were significantly correlated with structure volumes, and that all of the largest axial area measures were significantly correlated with structure volumes. However, only the midsagittal area measure of fourth ventricle and the largest axial area measures of fourth ventricle and cerebellum were correlated with volume measures with an r of .80 of greater. Results of this study suggest that area measures may not accurately represent three-dimensional structure size. C1 KENNEDY INST,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP AYLWARD, EH (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MEYER 3-166,600 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR ALTMAN J, 1985, J COMP NEUROL, V231, P42, DOI 10.1002/cne.902310105 BALOTTIN U, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02212722 BARTA PE, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1457 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 Evans WA, 1942, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V47, P931 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 HAHN FJY, 1976, NEURORADIOLOGY, V12, P137 LARSBY H, 1940, ACTA PSYCH NEUROL, V15, P337, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1940.tb06760.x MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 PENN RD, 1978, ANN NEUROL, V3, P215 REISS A, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V28, P727 REVELEY MA, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P233, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.3.233 SHIGA T, 1983, ANAT EMBRYOL, V167, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00298511 SYNEK V, 1976, NEUROLOGY, V26, P231 WOODS BT, 1989, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V26, P744 ZATZ LM, 1983, PSYCHIAT RES, V8, P207, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(83)90064-1 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3956 J9 J PSYCHIAT RES JI J. Psychiatr. Res. PY 1991 VL 25 IS 4 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0022-3956(91)90020-B PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GV630 UT WOS:A1991GV63000002 PM 1723429 ER PT J AU POMEROY, JC FRIEDMAN, C STEPHENS, L AF POMEROY, JC FRIEDMAN, C STEPHENS, L TI AUTISM AND ASPERGERS - SAME OR DIFFERENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter RP POMEROY, JC (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. CR RUTTER M, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P499, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00264.x SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 152 EP 153 DI 10.1097/00004583-199101000-00025 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA ET443 UT WOS:A1991ET44300025 PM 2005052 ER PT J AU SZATMARI, P AF SZATMARI, P TI AUTISM AND ASPERGERS - SAME OR DIFFERENT - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter RP SZATMARI, P (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV, HAMILTON L8S 4L8, ONTARIO, CANADA. CR RUTTER M, 1978, ADV BIOL PSYCHIAT, V126, P983 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 153 EP 153 DI 10.1097/00004583-199101000-00026 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA ET443 UT WOS:A1991ET44300026 ER PT J AU MARAGANORE, DM LEES, AJ MARSDEN, CD AF MARAGANORE, DM LEES, AJ MARSDEN, CD TI COMPLEX STEREOTYPIES AFTER RIGHT PUTAMINAL INFARCTION - A CASE-REPORT SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Note DE CIRCLING BEHAVIOR; COMPLEX STEREOTYPIES; PUTAMINAL INFARCT AB A 17-year-old boy is described who experienced circling behavior interrupting his gait and complex stereotyped movements of the hands after a complicated repair of an aortic coarctation. An MRI scan showed a right putaminal infarct. The boy's behavior and stereotypies bear a close resemblance to those found in autism. C1 UCL NATL HOSP NEUROL & NEUROSURG, INST NEUROL, DEPT CLIN NEUROL, QUEEN SQ, LONDON WC1N 3BG, ENGLAND. RI Lees, Andrew/A-6605-2009 NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 358 EP 361 DI 10.1002/mds.870060418 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GN705 UT WOS:A1991GN70500016 PM 1758457 ER PT J AU DEVILLARD, R FLACHAIRE, E LAUJIN, A MAILLET, J REVOL, O CHARLES, S MAMELLE, JC RENAUD, B QUINCY, C AF DEVILLARD, R FLACHAIRE, E LAUJIN, A MAILLET, J REVOL, O CHARLES, S MAMELLE, JC RENAUD, B QUINCY, C TI PLATELET SEROTONIN CONCENTRATIONS IN CHILDREN UNDER 5-YEARS-OLD SO PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article DE AUTISM; PLATELET SEROTONIN AB High platelet serotonin concentrations have been reported in children with early infantile autism. However, as yet there are reference values regarding platelet serotonin in normal infants and young children so that it remains difficult to define the exact significance of this finding. We report here with the platelet serotonin concentration found in 57 infants and children (20 girls, 37 boys) ranging in age from 10 days to 5 years old. Our results show that mean platelet serotonin concentrations in infants and young children are significantly greater than mean values obtained in older children (+ 11%) and neonates in the umbilical cord (+ 64%). No significant variations were found relating to sex, leucocyte count and platelet count. There therefore appears to be a physiological elevation of platelet serotonin concentration in infants and young children, and this has to be taken into consideration in the interpretation of the elevated values found in cases of infantile autism. RP DEVILLARD, R (reprint author), HOP NEUROL,SERV PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & ADOLESCENT,59 BLVD PINEL,F-69394 LYONS 3,FRANCE. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0031-4021 J9 PEDIATRIE PY 1991 VL 46 IS 12 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HA067 UT WOS:A1991HA06700007 PM 1667036 ER PT J AU NA, C DORAISWAMY, PM LEE, KH KRISHNAN, KRR AF NA, C DORAISWAMY, PM LEE, KH KRISHNAN, KRR TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING IN BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE AFFECTIVE DISORDER; DEMENTIA; INFANTILE AUTISM; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; SCHIZOPHRENIA ID STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; DISORDERS; DEMENTIA; IRON; MRI AB 1. Although clinicians have been quick to adopt magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the search for brain pathology in psychiatric disorders, the clinical utility of MRI is only now being well defined. 2. Numerous past computerized tomography or post-mortem tissue reports in patients with schizophrenia, affective disorders, dementia, autism, and many other psychiatric illnesses have suggested neuroanatomical substrates for these disorders. However, these techniques have several limitations. 3. The advent of MRI has allowed a high resolution method for examining the brain in vivo. It is important for psychiatrists to know the clinical utility, and the advantages/disadvantages of MR compared with CT. 4. In this article, the authors review the relevant MR literature with some illustrative cases where MRI provided clinically useful information. Recent advances in MRI technology that will have future applications in psychiatry are also discussed. C1 CHUNG ANG UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. RP NA, C (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOX 3215,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. 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J, 1981, SELECTED WRITING KERTESZ A, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P387 KRISHNAN KR, 1990, LIFE SCI, V47, P1325 KRISHNAN KRR, 1990, CURRENT OPINION PSYC, V3, P79, DOI 10.1097/00001504-199002000-00019 KRISHNAN KRR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V23, P519, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90025-X KRISHNAN KRR, 1991, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V72, P256 KUPPERMAN S, 1990, J AM ACADEMY CHILD A, V29, P159 LASTER DW, 1985, AM J NEURORADIOL, V6, P177 MATHEW RJ, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P970 NASRALLAH HA, 1990, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V16, P205 RADDA G K, 1989, Magnetic Resonance Quarterly, V5, P122 RAO VP, 1989, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V26, P729, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90108-X RUTLEDGE JN, 1987, AM J NEURORADIOL, V8, P397 SUDDATH RL, 1990, ENGLAND J MED, V31, P322 SWAYZE VW, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P805 WIDLIAMS SR, 1987, INVIVO SPECTROSCOPY, P249 WOODS BT, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P745, DOI 10.1002/ana.410280604 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-5846 J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PY 1991 VL 15 IS 5 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1016/0278-5846(91)90048-6 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA GK887 UT WOS:A1991GK88700001 PM 1956987 ER PT J AU TALLAL, P AF TALLAL, P TI HORMONAL INFLUENCES IN DEVELOPMENTAL LEARNING-DISABILITIES SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CEREBRAL ASYMMETRY; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; SEX-RATIO; LANGUAGE; PERCEPTION; DYSLEXIA; ABNORMALITIES; TESTOSTERONE; DISORDER; APHASIA AB Developmental language and learning disabilities in children can take many different forms and can result from a variety of causes. Research to date has focused primarily on specific disabilities in learning, which are characterized by a significant delay or disorder in one aspect of learning against a background of otherwise normal development. Learning disabilities affecting language and/or reading acquisition (developmental dysphasia and dyslexia) have been studied most thoroughly. Verbal learning disabilities occur more frequently in boys than in girls, and there is a higher than expected incidence of left-handedness among affected children. Although there am many reasons why a child may have delayed or disordered language development, differential diagnosis of specific developmental language or reading disorders calls for ruling out mental retardation, peripheral auditory or visual dysfunction, autism, frank neurological impairments such as hemiplegia or seizure disorder, and severe social deprivation or lack of educational opportunity. The typical profile of a developmentally dysphasic or dyslexic child is one who shows a marked discrepancy between nonverbal (performance) IQ and verbal IQ, with a history of delayed or disordered speech, language and/or reading development. Such a child usually performs quite normally on visual spatial tasks, while demonstrating severe deficits in tasks of auditory temporal processing, motor sequencing, phonological processing and memory, language, reading and spelling. This characteristic neuropsychological profile may suggest left hemisphere dysfunction or a failure to develop normal cerebral lateralization. The etiology of these developmental learning disorders is unknown, but there is evidence of familial aggregation, indicating a potential genetic basis. Although these children respond to remediation, longitudinal studies have shown that the symptoms often persist into adulthood (see Tallal, 1988, for a more detailed discussion). RP TALLAL, P (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,CTR MOLEC & BEHAV NEUROSCI,197 UNIV AVE,NEWARK,NJ 07102, USA. 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Mean behavioral improvement was greater under haloperidol treatment conditions than under placebo. Higher intelligence quotient (IQ) was predictive of reduction in behavioral symptoms under general conditions of haloperidol or placebo treatment, while older children were found to respond favorably to haloperidol itself. Under both haloperidol and placebo conditions, there was also a tendency for greater reduction in symptoms, in terms of raw score and percent change, for those with greater initial severity of illness. Results for initial severity of illness as a predictor of improvement generalized across a wide variety of behavior not specific to autism (e.g., hyperactivity and temper outbursts). However, mean behavioral improvement and its prediction with demographics for individuals tended to be more specific to symptoms related to autism per se. reduction in symptoms during short-term haloperidol treatment was not found to be related to whether or not children developed dyskinesias in subsequent long-term haloperidol administration. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HOUSTON,TX 77025. RP LOCASCIO, JJ (reprint author), NYU MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. CR CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P640, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61017-7 ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P130 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P719 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 FISH B, 1970, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V6, P12 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS GUY W, 1976, DHEW ADM76338 NAT I NARUSE H, 1982, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V48, P173 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P708, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198809)44:5<708::AID-JCLP2270440507>3.0.CO;2-T PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 SCHOOLER NR, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P486 Terman L. M., 1973, STANFORD BINET INTEL 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA GA037 UT WOS:A1991GA03700007 PM 1924657 ER PT J AU LEBLARE, LA AF LEBLARE, LA TI AUTISM - NATURE, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT - DAWSON,G SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review RP LEBLARE, LA (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. CR Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 108 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90028-Q PG 2 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA EW382 UT WOS:A1991EW38200010 ER PT J AU STRAND, SC AF STRAND, SC TI ATTENTIONAL ASPECTS OF CLASSROOM-BEHAVIOR AND DISCRIMINATION-LEARNING SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID STIMULUS OVER-SELECTIVITY; RETARDED-CHILDREN; OVERSELECTIVITY; ANOMALIES; AUTISM AB Teachers' ratings of their mentally handicapped pupils' classroom behavior were examined as correlates of the child's performance on a discrimination learning task. Teachers completed the 23-item version of the Attention/Distraction Inhibition/Excitation Classroom Assessment Scale (ADIECAS) for a total of 77 pupils. Factors identified as attention/distractibility and responsivity to consequences correlated significantly with number of errors and number of trials to criterion during acquisition of a simultaneous visual discrimination. Attention/distractibility scores also correlated significantly with number of dimensions "attended to" during discrimination learning. C1 PLYMOUTH POLYTECH,PLYMOUTH PL4 8AA,DEVON,ENGLAND. 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Dev. Disabil. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 3 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90009-H PG 13 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA GX516 UT WOS:A1991GX51600002 PM 1792356 ER PT J AU BAILEY, AJ RUTTER, ML AF BAILEY, AJ RUTTER, ML TI AUTISM SO SCIENCE PROGRESS LA English DT Review ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; LANGUAGE DISORDER; MALES; CHILDREN AB Autism is a severe disorder of development characterized by abnormalities in communication, social relationships and patterns of behaviour. This paper reviews the concepts of autism as they have developed over time in relation to research findings showing it to be an organic disorder, involving cognitive deficits, and which is largely genetically determined. Current research is focusing on the ways in which underlying brain abnormalities, genetic factors, neuropsychological deficits and behavioural manifestations are interconnected. C1 INST PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. 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Klin. Psychol. Psychopath. Psychother. PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 2 EP 32 PG 31 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA FJ033 UT WOS:A1991FJ03300001 PM 2058238 ER PT J AU TKACHENKO, AA AF TKACHENKO, AA TI THE CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXHIBITIONISM SO ZHURNAL NEVROPATOLOGII I PSIKHIATRII IMENI S S KORSAKOVA LA Russian DT Article AB The author relates the results of clinicopsychopathological and sexological studies carried out in 61 men with the signs of exhibitionism. With the nosological qualification of the mental status of exhibitionists being diverse, the four uniform clinicopathogenetic groups were distinguished: with the hypothalamic and temporal syndormes, nonprocessual autism syndromes, and schizophrenic defect. The involvement of biological factors in the genesis of pathological inclination is demonstrated to be of uncertain degree, depending on the classifying with the groups indicated. Heterogeneity dysontogenesis of the psychosexual development was discovered with the aid of sexological examination. At the same time the author proves the common character of the pathogenetic components of exhibitionism, lying in the unity of the constitutional basis for their individual characteristics. C1 VP SERBSKII GEN & FORENS PSYCHIAT RES INST,MOSCOW,USSR. CR BANCAUD J, 1987, REV NEUROL, V143, P392 BEAR D, 1979, CORTEX, V5, P357 BILIKEVICH T, 1970, ZH NEVROPATOL PSIKH, P1353 East WN, 1924, LANCET, V2, P370 IMELINSKII K, 1986, SEKSOLOGIYA SEKSOPAT KOOPMANN H, 1942, MSCHR KRIMINALBIOL, V33, P18 KOVALEV VV, 1985, SEMIOTIKA DIAGNOSTIK LEBEDINSKII VV, 1985, NARUSHENIYA PSIKHICH MESTER H, 1984, FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC, V52, P237, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-1002022 Mohr J. W., 1964, PEDOPHILIA EXHIBITIO NIKOLSKAYA OS, 1987, ZH NEVROPATOL PSIKH, P1508 RAVICHSHCHERBO NV, 1988, ROL SREDY NASLEDSTVE TAYLOR FH, 1974, J MENT SCI, V93, P631 VASILCHENKO GS, 1983, CHASTNAYA SEKSOPATOL, V2 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 PU IZD VO MEDITSINA PI MOSCOW PA PETROVERIGSKII PER 6-8, K-142 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0044-4588 J9 ZH NEVROPATOL PSIKH JI Zhurnal Nevropatol. Psikhiatrii Im. S S Korsakova PY 1991 VL 91 IS 5 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry GA FQ269 UT WOS:A1991FQ26900019 PM 1654708 ER PT J AU KRASILNIKOV, GT AF KRASILNIKOV, GT TI THE AUTISTIC SYNDROME IN SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS SO ZHURNAL NEVROPATOLOGII I PSIKHIATRII IMENI S S KORSAKOVA LA Russian DT Article AB Based on clinical and pathophysiological examinations of 46 schizopherenic patients, diverse manifestations of autism were distinguished and presented in the form of 3 interrelated components. These components were characterized by the nonuniform intensity and formed the following clinical varieties of autism encountered in the clinical picture of schizophrenia: primarily behavioral autism, super-valuable autism, delusions, autistic delusional fantasies, and pseudoautism. The autistic thinking is the pivotal symptom uniting different varieties of the autistic syndrome. The clinical variety of the autistic syndrome was formed in accordance with the premorbid features of the patient, by the pattern and stage of the schizophrenic process and by manifestations of negative symptoms. RP KRASILNIKOV, GT (reprint author), NOVOSIBIRSK MED INST,DEPT POSTGRAD MED TRAINING,CHAIR PSYCHIAT,NOVOSIBIRSK,USSR. 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