FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Murzynski, NT Bourret, JC AF Murzynski, Natalie T. Bourret, Jason C. TI Combining video modeling and least-to-most prompting for establishing response chains SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID TEACHING-CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Video modeling combined with least-to-most intrusive prompting was compared using a parallel-treatments design to least-to-most intrusive prompting alone in teaching daily-living skills in the form of response chains. Two boys with the diagnosis of autism (ages 8 and 9) participated in the study. The results showed that the participants acquired skills taught with video modeling plus least-to-most prompting in fewer trials and with fewer prompts than skills taught with least-to-most prompting alone. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Bourret, JC (reprint author), New England Ctr Children, 33 Turnpike Rd, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. 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TI Impaired nitric oxide synthase signaling dissociates social investigation and aggression SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggression; autism; nitric oxide synthase; serotonin; social investigation ID 5-HT1B RECEPTOR AGONIST; MALE-MICE; SEX-DISCRIMINATION; BEHAVIOR NETWORK; INHIBITOR; HAMSTERS; LACKING; HYPOTHALAMUS; INSTIGATION; SOCIABILITY AB A combination of social withdrawal and increased aggression is characteristic of several mental disorders. Most previous studies have investigated the neurochemical bases of social behavior and aggression independently, as opposed to how these behaviors are regulated in concert. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) produces gaseous nitric oxide, which functions as a neurotransmitter and is known to affect several types of behavior including mating and aggression. Compared with wild-type mice, we observed that nNOS knockout mice showed reduced behavioral responses to an intruder behind a wire barrier. Similar results were observed in mice treated with the selective nNOS inhibitor 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole (3BrN). In habituation-dishabituation tests, treatment with 3BrN did not block recognition of male urine but did attenuate investigation time compared with oil-treated animals. Finally, nNOS knockout mice and 3BrN treated mice were significantly more aggressive than wild-type and oil-treated males, respectively. In general, these behavioral effects are less pronounced in pair-housed males compared with singly-housed males. Thus, nNOS inhibition results in a phenotype that displays reduced social investigation and increased aggression. These data suggest that further study of nNOS signaling is warranted in mental disorders characterized by social withdrawal and increased aggression. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Inst Behav Med Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Trainor, BC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, 1835 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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Neurosci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 362 EP 369 DI 10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.362 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 157CM UT WOS:000245696200014 PM 17469926 ER PT J AU Kujala, T Aho, E Lepisto, T Jansson-Verkasalo, E Nieminen-von Wendt, T von Wendt, L Naatanen, R AF Kujala, T. Aho, E. Lepisto, T. Jansson-Verkasalo, E. Nieminen-von Wendt, T. von Wendt, L. Naatanen, R. TI Atypical pattern of discriminating sound features in adults with Asperger syndrome as reflected by the mismatch negativity SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autism spectrum; mismatch negativity; auditory processing; event-related brain potentials ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION; SPEECH SOUNDS; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENT AB Asperger syndrome, which belongs to the autistic spectrum of disorders, is characterized by deficits of social interaction and abnormal perception, like hypo- or hypersensitivity in reacting to sounds and discriminating certain sound features. We determined auditory feature discrimination in adults with Asperger syndrome with the mismatch negativity (MMN), a neural response which is an index of cortical change detection. We recorded MMN for five different sound features (duration, frequency, intensity, location, and gap). Our results suggest hypersensitive auditory change detection in Asperger syndrome, as reflected in the enhanced MMN for deviant sounds with a gap or shorter duration, and speeded MMN elicitation for frequency changes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Turku, Dept Psychol, Turku 20014, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Psychol, Cognit Brain Res Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Brain Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Oulu, Dept Finnish Informat Studies & Logoped, Oulu, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Child Neurol, Hosp Children & Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Asperger Ctr, Dextra Med Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. RP Kujala, T (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Psychol, Turku 20014, Finland. 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In the present study, we used ocular motor paradigms to examine evidence that disruption to different neurological pathways underlies these deficits. We tested 17 females with fragile X, 19 females with Turner syndrome, and 40 females with neither disorder who comprised the comparison group. Group differences emerged for both the fragile X and Turner syndrome groups, each relative to the comparison group: Females with fragile X had deficits in generating memory-guided saccades, predictive saccades, and saccades made in the overlap condition of a gap/overlap task. Females with Turner syndrome showed deficits in generating memory-guided saccades, but not during either the predictive saccade or gap/overlap task. Females with Turner syndrome, but not females with fragile X, showed deficits in visually guided saccades and anti-saccades. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 3 BP 203 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.08.002 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 154SF UT WOS:000245527200001 PM 17107741 ER PT J AU Lalande, M Calciano, MA AF Lalande, M. Calciano, M. A. TI Molecular epigenetics of Angelman syndrome SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE genomic imprinting; ubiqutin ligase E3A (UBE3A); antisense; imprinting center; imprinting defect; DNA methylation; non-coding RNA; autism ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNA; ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; SYNDROME IMPRINTING CENTER; DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; PARENT-OF-ORIGIN; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, ataxia, seizures, EEG abnormalities and bouts of inappropriate laughter. AS individuals fail to inherit a normal active maternal copy of ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A). UBE3A is subject to genomic imprinting, with predominant transcription of the maternal allele in brain. The known genetic causes of AS are maternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13, paternal chromosome 15 uniparental disomy, UBE3A mutation and an abnormality of the imprinting process, termed imprinting defect. There remain major questions concerning the molecular pathogenesis of AS, including: 1) the mechanisms underlying the imprinting defect class of AS, 2) the identity of proteins targeted by UBE3A, 3) the role of a noncoding antisense transcript in regulating UBE3A imprinting and 4) the contribution of other genes such as methyl-binding CpG-binding protein 2 and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, subunit beta 3 to the AS phenotype. C1 Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Lalande, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. 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First, the degree of synchronization (i.e., the functional connectivity or the correlation of the time series of the activation) between the frontal and parietal areas of activation was lower for the autistic than the control participants. Second, relevant parts of the corpus callosum, through which many of the bilaterally activated cortical areas communicate, were smaller in cross-sectional area in the autistic participants. Third, within the autism group but not within the control group, the size of the genu of the corpus callosum was correlated with frontal-parietal functional connectivity. These findings suggest that the neural basis of altered cognition in autism entails a lower degree of integration of information across certain cortical areas resulting from reduced intracortical connectivity. The results add support to a new theory of cortical underconnectivity in autism, which posits a deficit in integration of information at the neural and cognitive levels. 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SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs CY SEP, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP German Fed Environm Minist, Japanese Minist Environm, Japanese Ctr Environm Informat Sci, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci HO Tech Univ Berlin DE PCB; Purkinje cell; thyroid hormone; cerebellum; developmental brain disorder ID THYROID-HORMONE-LIKE; BISPHENOL-A; RAT-BRAIN; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; ASTROCYTES; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxy-PCB (OH-PCB) metabolites are widely distributed bioaccumulative environmental chemicals and have similar chemical structures to those of thyroid hormones (THs). Previously, we reported that THs are essential for neuronal development and the low doses of two OH-PCBs, namely, 4-OH-2',3,3',4',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (4'-OH-PeCB-106) and 4-OH-2',3,3',4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (4'-OH-HxCB-159), inhibited the TH-dependent dendritic development of Purkinje cells in mouse cerebellar cultures using serum-free defined medium. To determine which type of OH-PCBs affect neuronal development, we further examined several OH-PCBs and other estrogenic chemicals using this simple and sensitive assay system. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess the effects of OH-PCBs and other chemicals on both factors of their concentrations and with/without T4 in the assay of TH-dependent dendritic development of Purkinje cells. Aside from the two OH-PCBs, 4-OH-2',3,4',5,6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (4'-OHPeCB-121) and bisphenol A significantly inhibited the TH-dependent dendritic development of Purkinje cells, whereas 4-OH-2',3,3',5', 6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (4'-OH-PeCB-112), 4-OH-2',3,3',5,5',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (4'-OH-HxCB-165), 4-OH-2,2',3,4',5,5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-HpCB-187), progesterone and nonylphenol did not induceany inhibition, but significantly promoted the dendritic extension of Purkinje cells in the absence of THs. Other estrogenic chemicals, including beta-estradiol, diethyl stilbestrol and p-octylphenol did not show significant inhibitory or promoting effects. From these results, it is suggested that exposure to OH-PCBs and other environmental chemicals may disrupt normal neuronal development and cause some developmental brain disorders, such as. LD, ADHD, and autism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Neurosci, Dept Brain Struct, Tokyo 1838526, Japan. 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Thirteen were prescribed various psychotropic medications by physicians in the community prior to treatment (medicated) while 12 were not (unmedicated). Two parent-rated and three teacher-rated social measures served as outcome variables. Results revealed that unmedicated subjects had greater positive change on three of these five measures when compared to children in the medicated group. It was hypothesized that being prescribed psychotropic medication was a marker for refractory psychosocial treatment response by children with autism spectrum disorders. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Frankel, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, 300 UCLA Med Plaza,Suite 1402, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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TI A comparison of repetitive behaviors in Aspergers Disorder and high functioning autism SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Aspergers Disorder; high functioning autism; repetitive behaviors ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SELF-INJURY; DSM-IV; CHECKLIST; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; DISABILITIES; VALIDITY AB In this study we compared 33 IQ and age matched pairs of individuals with Aspergers Disorder (ASP) and high functioning autism (HFA) on measures of repetitive behavior. On the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), the ASP and HFA groups showed no differences in RBS-R Intensity score (severity) score or Frequency score (number of problems present). This suggests that the two groups are similar with respect to the intensity or severity of repetitive behaviors and the presence of repetitive behaviors. At the item level there were no differences on scales typically associated with autism (Stereotyped Behavior) and ASP (Restricted Interests). Similarly, there were no differences between the groups on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Stereotypy scale. These findings add to the body of literature showing that HFA and ASP fail to differ with respect to repetitive behaviors. The implications of the findings for neurobiologic and genetic studies are discussed. C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Cuccaro, ML (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33152 USA. 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That hypothesis, however, is compromised by the fact that individuals with autism suffer from various motor impairments. Here we describe an experiment on cognitive imitation, a type of imitation that doesn't require motor learning. Nine male autistic subjects and 20 typically-developing 3- and 4-year olds were trained to respond, in a prescribed order, to different lists of photographs that were displayed simultaneously on a touch-sensitive monitor. Because the position of the photographs varied randomly from trial to trial, sequences could not be learned by motor imitation. In three different imitation treatments, including a ghost control, autistic subjects learned new sequences more rapidly after observing a model execute those sequences than when they had to learn new sequences entirely by trial and error. Moreover, the performance of autistic subjects did not significantly differ from the performance of typically-developing controls. The result of this and other studies suggests that individuals with autism suffer from a specific novel motor imitation deficit. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Ctr Toddler Dev, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10027 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Subiaul, F (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. 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TI Vaccination, seizures and 'vaccine damage' SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; encephalopathy; seizure; vaccine ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS; HYPOTONIC-HYPORESPONSIVE EPISODES; ACUTE NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS; SEVERE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY; EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; CHANNEL GENE SCN1A; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; RUBELLA VACCINATION; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE AB Purpose of review Concerns about the safety of vaccination have plagued the community, with reduction in vaccine uptake resulting in increased risk of epidemics. Vaccination has been implicated in the cause of febrile seizures, 'vaccine encephalopathy' and autistic spectrum disorders. Evaluation of alleged associations is complicated by evolution in the vaccination field. This review focuses on the risk of seizures following vaccination and the alleged associations of vaccination with vaccine encephalopathy and also with autism spectrum disorders. Recent findings Over the last decade the introduction of new vaccines such as the acellular pertussis vaccine has produced a reduction in seizures following vaccination, the outcome of which was benign even with older vaccines. New evidence emerged in 2006 showing that cases of alleged 'vaccine encephalopathy' are due to mutations within a sodium channel gene. The weight of epidemiological evidence does not support a relationship between vaccination and childhood epileptic encephalopathies or autism spectrum disorders. Summary Vaccines are safer than ever before, but the challenge remains to convey this message to society in such a way that produces change in attitudes to vaccination and subsequent increase in vaccine coverage. C1 Univ Melbourne, Austin Hlth, Epilepsy Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Vic 3081, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Austin Hlth, Dept Med, Heidelberg, Vic 3081, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3280555160 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 152UT UT WOS:000245388200010 PM 17351489 ER PT J AU Johansson, M Billstedt, E Danielsson, S Stromland, K Miller, M Granstrom, G Flodmark, O Rastam, M Gillberg, C AF Johansson, Maria Billstedt, Eva Danielsson, Susanna Stromland, Kerstin Miller, Marilyn Granstrom, Gosta Flodmark, Olof Rastam, Maria Gillberg, Christopher TI Autism spectrum disorder and underlying brain mechanism in the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AURICULO-VERTEBRAL SPECTRUM; GOLDENHAR-SYNDROME; CHARGE ASSOCIATION; INDIVIDUALS; ANOMALIES; CHILDREN; DYSPLASIA; BEHAVIOR; TWINS AB As part of a multidisciplinary study, the rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disability (LD), and brain abnormalities was examined in 20 participants (12 males, 8 females; age range 8mo-17y, mean age 8y 1mo) diagnosed as falling within the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAV). A neuropsychiatric examination was performed, including standardized autism diagnostic interviews. Two individuals met diagnostic criteria for autism, one for autistic-like condition, and five for autistic traits. Four patients had mild LD, three severe LD, two profound LD, and two borderline intellectual functioning. Neuroimaging indicated cerebral abnormalities in more than half of the patients. Abnormalities of white/grey matter were found in more than half of examined individuals; enlargement of ventricles in more than a third. Results indicate that at least a subgroup of ASD may be associated with errors in early embryonic brain development. Awareness of the coexistence of OAV/ ASD is important in habilitation care of individuals with OAV. C1 Gothenburg Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Paediat, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Illinois, Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Chicago, IL USA. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Neuroradiol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Johansson, M (reprint author), Gothenburg Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kungsgatan 12, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 4 BP 280 EP 288 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 156HC UT WOS:000245637700010 PM 17376139 ER PT J AU Zhao, XY Pak, CH Smrt, RD Jin, P AF Zhao, Xinyu Pak, ChangHui Smrt, Richard D. Jin, Peng TI Epigenetics and neural developmental disorders - Washington DC, September 18 and 19, 2006 SO EPIGENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE epigenetic; DNA methylation; chromatin; development; Rett syndrome; Fragile x syndrome; Angelman syndrome; autism; neuronal maturation; synaptogenesis ID INHIBITS ACTIVE DEMETHYLATION; CHROMATIN-REMODELING COMPLEX; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME; DNA METHYLATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BDNF TRANSCRIPTION; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME AB Neural developmental disorders, such as autism, Rett Syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and Angelman syndrome manifest during early postnatal neural development. Although the genes responsible for some of these disorders have been identified, how the mutations of these genes affect neural development is currently unclear. Emerging evidence suggest that these disorders share common underlying defects in neuronal morphology, synaptic connectivity and brain plasticity. In particular, alterations in dendritic branching and spine morphology play a central role in the pathophysiology of most mental retardation disorders, suggesting that common pathways regulating neuronal function may be affected. Epigenetic modulations, mediated by DNA methylation, RNA-associated silencing, and histone modification, can serve as an intermediate process that imprints dynamic environmental experiences on the "fixed" genome, resulting in stable alterations in phenotypes. Disturbance in epigenetic regulations can lead to inappropriate expression or silencing of genes, causing an array of multi-system disorders and neoplasias. Rett syndrome, the most common form of mental retardation in young girls, is due to l mutation of MECP2, encoding a methylated DNA binding protein that translates DNA methylation into gene repression. Angelman syndrome is due to faulty genomic imprinting or maternal mutations in UBE3A. Fragile X Syndrome, in most cases, results from the hypermethylation of FMR1 promoter, hence the loss of expression of functional FMRP protein. Autism, with its complex etiology, may have strong epigenetic link. Together, these observations strongly suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may play a critical role in brain development and etiology of related disorders. This report summarizes the scientific discussions and major conclusions from a recent conference that aimed to gain insight into the common molecular pathways affected among these disorders and discover potential therapeutic targets that have been missed by looking at one disorder at a time. C1 [Zhao, Xinyu; Smrt, Richard D.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Pak, ChangHui; Jin, Peng] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhao, XY (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. 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Fryns, Jean-Pierre Steyaert, Jean G. Van de Ven, Wim J. M. Creemers, John W. M. Devriendt, Koen TI Identification and characterization of the TRIP8 and REEP3 genes on chromosome 10q21.3 as novel candidate genes for autism SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; positional cloning; paracentric inversion; position effect; thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 8; receptor expression-enhancing protein 3 ID THYROID-HORMONE RECEPTOR; ARRAY-CGH; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YEAST HOMOLOG; EXPRESSION; REARRANGEMENTS; ABNORMALITIES; TRANSLOCATION; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Autism is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown cause and pathogenesis. The identification of genes involved in autism is expected to increase our understanding of its pathogenesis. Infrequently, neurodevelopmental disorders like autism are associated with chromosomal anomalies. To identify candidate genes for autism, we initiated a positional cloning strategy starting from individuals with idiopathic autism carrying a de novo chromosomal anomaly. We report on the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular findings in a male person with autism, no physical abnormalities and normal IQ, carrying a de novo balanced paracentric inversion 46, XY, inv(10)(q11.1; q21.3). The distal breakpoint disrupts the TRIP8 gene, which codes for a protein predicted to be a transcriptional regulator associated with nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. However, no link between thyroid gland and autism has been reported so far. In addition, the same breakpoint abolishes expression of a nearby gene, REEP3, through a position effect. Receptor Expression-Enhancing Proteins (REEP) 3 is one of the six human homologs of yeast Yop1p, a probable regulator of cellular vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmatic reticulum and the Golgi network. These observations suggest that TRIP8 and REEP3 are both positional candidate genes for autism. In addition, our data indicate that in the selection of positional candidate genes when studying chromosomal aberrations, position effects should be taken into account. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Ctr Human Genet, Div Clin Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, Flanders Interuniv Inst Biotechnol, Dept Human Genet, Lab Biochem Neuroendocrinol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, Flanders Interuniv Inst Biotechnol, Dept Human Genet, Mol Oncol Lab, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Child Psychiat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Maastricht, Clin Genet Ctr, Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Devriendt, K (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Ctr Human Genet, Div Clin Genet, Herestr 49, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 422 EP 431 DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201785 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 148UX UT WOS:000245103100006 PM 17290275 ER PT J AU Allouch, E AF Allouch, Eliane TI Lautreamont: autistic structure or splitting of body's ego? SO EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE LA French DT Article DE Lautreamont; autism; structure; splitting of the body's ego; writing; substitution AB The works of the Count de Lautreamont, the Songs of Maldoror and Po sies I and II, is located with that of Mallarme like the avant-garde, which at the end of the XIXth century, revolutionized the poetic language. In their book, The distinction of the autism, Robert and Rosine Lefort present this work like concerning an autistic structure, defining it as based on three points: destructiveness, the expulsion of the Other and double in reality. Interested by this assumption and intrigued by the strangeness of the Songs of Maldoror, after a thorough study of many research which related to the works and the life of Isidore Ducasse, said Count de Lautreamont, the author proposes the idea of bringing together the universe of the autistic structure and the one issued of the action of ego splitting, more precisely body ego splitting in an archaic moment. In the Songs of Maldoror, the recurring resurgence of death, crime and of the dead mother, "who loves most and betrays you soon or last", constitutes the pivot of such a proposal which establishes a link between the lacanian theory of the autistic structure and the freudian theory one-with splitting mechanism. Lastly, the writing, from its "abstract materiality" is presented like the centration on the sensation as possible substitution to a total or partial autistic positionning. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves. C1 Univ Paris 13, UFR LSHS, EA 3413, Equipe Rech Clin Psychanalyt Sociale & Culturelle, F-75012 Paris, France. RP Allouch, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 13, UFR LSHS, EA 3413, Equipe Rech Clin Psychanalyt Sociale & Culturelle, Ave Jean Baptiste Clement, F-75012 Paris, France. 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Psychiatr. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP 271 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.evopsy.2007.04.002 PG 17 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 187VY UT WOS:000247878300005 ER PT J AU Blake, N AF Blake, Nancy TI Art and incest: Ingmar Bergman's Saraband SO EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE LA French DT Article DE incest; film; filiation; paternity; narcissism; Bergman AB Bergman's final film, Sarabande, allows us to define the question of father-daughter incest, a problem that is present in his work throughout his long career and which has never found a satisfactory resolution. The comparison of this last screenplay by one of the major authors of the twentieth century, with the additional information that the translation into images contributes, permits us to uncover several elements of the familial structure, especially that of the pervert father, which are difficult to clarify in a clinical setting. This study confronts Bergman's texts, both autobiographical and literary, with psychoanalytic theory and case studies. This paper hopes to propose a contribution to our understanding of incest in the general framework of perversion. Bergman suggests that the failure of the parent-child relationship can have disastrous consequences for the child, on the model of autism, as well as provoking anxiety in the adult. The deficit in the elaboration of a self image will be seen to be a determining factor in the relationship to the Law for the perverse structure. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Blake, N (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 707 S Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. 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PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.evopsy.2007.04.006 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 187VY UT WOS:000247878300008 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Debate over MMR vaccine and autism heats up SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT News Item CR Fombonne E, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, pE139, DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-2993 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD APR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 158UV UT WOS:000245821400004 ER PT J AU O'Brien, M AF O'Brien, Marion TI Ambiguous loss in families of children with autism spectrum disorders SO FAMILY RELATIONS LA English DT Article DE ambiguous loss; autism; developmental disability; family adjustment ID PSYCHOLOGICAL FATHER PRESENCE; BOUNDARY AMBIGUITY; PARENTING STRESS; CHRONIC ILLNESS; DISABILITIES; ADAPTATION; PREDICTORS; PERCEPTION; CAREGIVERS; ADJUSTMENT AB Learning that a child has a lifelong developmental disorder is stressful and challenging to any family, yet it is clear that some families adapt and adjust more readily than others. In this article, it is proposed that a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is especially likely to be experienced as ambiguous loss. Interviews with mothers of children with ASDs are used to identify whether mothers express feelings of ambiguous loss when talking about their child. Then, a specific hypothesis derived from ambiguous loss theory-that higher levels of identity ambiguity in mothers are linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms and perceived stress independent of the severity of the child's diagnosis-is tested and found to be supported. Recognition of ambiguous loss in families of children with ASDs would help professionals provide more effective support and assistance to families. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Family Res Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. RP O'Brien, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Family Res Ctr, POB 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. 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Relat. PD APR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 PG 12 WC Family Studies; Social Work SC Family Studies; Social Work GA 148EK UT WOS:000245057100004 ER PT J AU Melnyk, S Jernigan, S Savenka, A James, SJ AF Melnyk, Stepan Jernigan, Stefanie Savenka, Alena James, S. Jill TI Elevation in S-adenosylhomocysteine and DNA hypomethylation in parents and children with autism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, ACHRI, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A348 EP A348 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502517 ER PT J AU Santos, M Silva-Fernandes, A Oliveira, P Sousa, N Maciel, P AF Santos, M. Silva-Fernandes, A. Oliveira, P. Sousa, Nuno Maciel, Patricia TI Evidence for abnormal early development in a mouse model of Rett syndrome SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE autism; MeCP2; neurodevelopment; postnatal; reflexes ID CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; GENERAL MOVEMENTS; MECP2; DISORDER; MICE; TRANSCRIPTION; FEATURES; BEHAVIOR; NEURONS; GROWTH AB Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects mainly females, associated in most cases to mutations in the MECP2 gene. After an apparently normal prenatal and perinatal period, patients display an arrest in growth and in psychomotor development, with autistic behaviour, hand stereotypies and mental retardation. Despite this classical description, researchers always questioned whether RTT patients did have subtle manifestations soon after birth. This issue was recently brought to light by several studies using different approaches that revealed abnormalities in the early development of RTT patients. Our hypothesis was that, in the mouse models of RTT as in patients, early neurodevelopment might be abnormal, but in a subtle manner, given the first descriptions of these models as initially normal. To address this issue, we performed a postnatal neurodevelopmental study in the Mecp2(tm1.1Bird) mouse. These animals are born healthy, and overt symptoms start to establish a few weeks later, including features of neurological disorder (tremors, hind limb clasping, weight loss). Different maturational parameters and neurological reflexes were analysed in the pre-weaning period in the Mecp2-mutant mice and compared to wild-type littermate controls. We found subtle but significant sex-dependent differences between mutant and wild-type animals, namely a delay in the acquisition of the surface and postural reflexes, and impaired growth maturation. The mutant animals also show altered negative geotaxis and wire suspension behaviours, which may be early manifestations of later neurological symptoms. In the post-weaning period the juvenile mice presented hypoactivity that was probably the result of motor impairments. The early anomalies identified in this model of RTT mimic the early motor abnormalities reported in the RTT patients, making this a good model for the study of the early disease process. C1 Univ Minho, Sch Hlth Sci, Life & Hlth Sci Res Inst, ICVS, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Minho, Sch Engn, Dept Prod & Syst Engn, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. RP Maciel, P (reprint author), Univ Minho, Sch Hlth Sci, Life & Hlth Sci Res Inst, ICVS, Campus Gualtar, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00258.x PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 155VE UT WOS:000245605700008 PM 16848781 ER PT J AU Coutinho, AM Sousa, I Martins, M Correia, C Morgadinho, T Bento, C Marques, C Ataide, A Miguel, TS Moore, JH Oliveira, G Vicente, AM AF Coutinho, Ana M. Sousa, Ines Martins, Madalena Correia, Catarina Morgadinho, Teresa Bento, Celeste Marques, Carla Ataide, Assuncao Miguel, Teresa S. Moore, Jason H. Oliveira, Guiomar Vicente, Astrid M. TI Evidence for epistasis between SLC6A4 and ITGB3 in autism etiology and in the determination of platelet serotonin levels SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; MULTIFACTOR-DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; GENE-GENE INTERACTIONS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; TRANSMISSION/DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FOUNDER POPULATION; PROMOTER REGION; HUMAN-DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unclear etiology. The consistent finding of platelet hyperserotonemia in a proportion of patients and its heritability within affected families suggest that genes involved in the serotonin system play a role in this disorder. The role in autism etiology of seven candidate genes in the serotonin metabolic and neurotransmission pathways and mapping to autism linkage regions (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR5A, TPH1 and ITGB3) was analyzed in a sample of 186 nuclear families. The impact of interactions among these genes in autism was assessed using the multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method in 186 patients and 181 controls. We further evaluated whether the effect of specific gene variants or gene interactions associated with autism etiology might be mediated by their influence on serotonin levels, using the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT) and the restricted partition method (RPM), in a sample of 109 autistic children. We report a significant main effect of the HTR5A gene in autism (P = 0.0088), and a significant three-locus model comprising a synergistic interaction between the ITGB3 and SLC6A4 genes with an additive effect of HTR5A (P < 0.0010). In addition to the previously reported contribution of SLC6A4, we found significant associations of ITGB3 haplotypes with serotonin level distribution (P = 0.0163). The most significant models contributing to serotonin distribution were found for interactions between TPH1 rs4537731 and SLC6A4 haplotypes (P = 0.002) and between HTR1D rs6300 and SLC6A4 haplotypes (P = 0.013). In addition to the significant independent effects, evidence for interaction between SLC6A4 and ITGB3 markers was also found. The overall results implicate SLC6A4 and ITGB3 gene interactions in autism etiology and in serotonin level determination, providing evidence for a common underlying genetic mechanism and a molecular explanation for the association of platelet hyperserotonemia with autism. C1 Gulbenkian Inst Sci, P-2781901 Oeiras, Portugal. Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Dept Farmacol, Fac Med, P-3004504 Coimbra, Portugal. Hosp Pediat Coimbra, P-3000076 Coimbra, Portugal. Direccao Reg Educ Regiao Ctr, P-3030327 Coimbra, Portugal. Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Genet, Computat Genet Lab, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. RP Vicente, AM (reprint author), Gulbenkian Inst Sci, R Quinta Grande 6,Ap 14, P-2781901 Oeiras, Portugal. 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Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s00439-006-0301-3 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 145TT UT WOS:000244888700010 PM 17203304 ER PT J AU Xia, Y Bettinger, K Shen, L Reiss, AL AF Xia, Yan Bettinger, Keith Shen, Lin Reiss, Allan L. TI Automatic segmentation of the caudate nucleus from human brain MR images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE caudate nucleus; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); segmentation; validation ID BASAL GANGLIA; ALGORITHM; ANATOMY; AUTISM AB We describe a knowledge-driven algorithm to automatically delineate the caudate nucleus (CN) region of the human brain from a magnetic resonance (MR) image. Since the lateral ventricles (LVs) are good landmarks for positioning the CN, the algorithm first extracts the LVs, and automatically localizes the CN from this information guided by anatomic knowledge of the structure. The face validity of the algorithm was tested with 55 high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets, and segmentation results were overlaid onto the original image data for visual inspection. We further evaluated the algorithm by comparing automated segmentation results to a "gold standard" established by human experts for these 55 MR datasets. Quantitative comparison showed a high intraclass correlation between the algorithm and expert as well as high spatial overlap between the regions-of-interest (ROIs) generated from the two methods. The mean spatial overlap standard deviation (defined by the intersection of the 2 ROIs divided by the union of the 2 ROIs) was equal to 0.873 +/- 0.0234. The algorithm has been incorporated into a public domain software program written in Java and, thus, has the potential to be of broad benefit to neuroimaging investigators interested in basal ganglia anatomy and function. 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Med. Imaging PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1109/TMI.2006.891481 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 155SU UT WOS:000245599200009 PM 17427738 ER PT J AU Chung, MK Dalton, KM Shen, L Evans, AC Davidson, RJ AF Chung, Moo K. Dalton, Kim M. Shen, Li Evans, Alan C. Davidson, Richard J. TI Weighted Fourier series representation and its application to quantifying the amount of gray matter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE cortical thickness; diffusion smoothing; gray matter density; iterative residual fitting; SPHARM; spherical harmonics ID VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; CORTICAL SURFACE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; WHITE-MATTER; THICKNESS; AUTISM; IMAGES; ABNORMALITIES; SEGMENTATION; ACTIVATION AB We present a novel weighted Fourier series (WFS) representation for cortical surfaces. The WFS representation is a data smoothing technique that provides the explicit smooth functional estimation of unknown cortical boundary as a linear combination of basis functions. The basic properties of the representation are investigated in connection with a self-adjoint partial differential equation and the traditional spherical harmonic (SPHARM) representation. To reduce steep computational requirements, a new iterative residual fitting (IRF) algorithm is developed. Its computational and numerical implementation issues are discussed in detail. The computer codes are also available at http://www.stat.wise.edu/-mchung/softwares/weighted-SPHARM/weighted-SIPHARM.html. As an illustration, the WFS is applied in quantifying the amount of gray matter in a group of high functioning autistic subjects. Within the WFS framework, cortical thickness and gray matter density are computed and compared. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Lab Brain Imaging & Behav, Madison, WI 53706 USA. SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Ctr, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, McConnel Brain Imaging Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. RP Chung, MK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 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Imaging PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 566 EP 581 DI 10.1109/TMI.2007.892519 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 155SU UT WOS:000245599200014 PM 17427743 ER PT J AU Thacker, N AF Thacker, Naveen TI Autism spectrum disorder SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Deep Children Hosp, Gandhidham 370201, Gujarat, India. RP Thacker, N (reprint author), Deep Children Hosp, 208 Sector 1A, Gandhidham 370201, Gujarat, India. EM presidentIAP2007@iapindia.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY PEDIATRICS PI NEW DELHI PA MAULANA AZAD MEDICAL COLLEGE, DEPT PEDIATRICS, NEW DELHI, 110 002, INDIA SN 0019-6061 J9 INDIAN PEDIATR JI Indian Pediatrics PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 160JJ UT WOS:000245936400001 ER PT J AU Dunn, W AF Dunn, Winnie TI Supporting children to participate successfully in everyday life by using sensory processing knowledge SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE avoiding; daily life; early intervention; family-centered care; natural environments; routines; seeking; sensitivity; sensory integration; sensory processing ID NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS; EARLY INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PROFILE; AUTISM; DISABILITIES; PERFORMANCE; DISORDERS; BEHAVIORS; THERAPY AB There is an accumulating literature describing sensory processing in young children and suggesting the importance of this knowledge for understanding the characteristics of vulnerable children. Professionals and families need a working knowledge about sensory processing because it enables them to understand and interpret children's behaviors and to tailor everyday life routines so that children may have successful and satisfying experiences. This article reviews Dunn's model of sensory processing, and summarizes both typical and special population evidences that demonstrate support for the model. The article also describes how the concepts in this model are reflected in everyday behaviors so that readers can link the concepts to their own knowledge about young children. Since processing concepts are based on evidence across the lifespan, this knowledge can also enable caregivers to understand their own responses as well. The article then discusses the application of sensory processing knowledge within natural contexts and routines, arguing that using sensory processing knowledge to analyze, adapt, and support the established routines is an effective application of knowledge. Finally, the article provides specific suggestions for adapting everyday life situations to meet the needs of children with different patterns of sensory processing, and illustrates how adults can manage their own sensory processing needs as they care for young children. C1 Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Dept Occupat Therapy Educ, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. RP Dunn, W (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Dept Occupat Therapy Educ, Mail Stop 2003,3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. 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Steve TI Counter the mistreatments for autism with professional integrity SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article C1 New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Holburn, CS (reprint author), New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM holbursc@infionline.net CR ADLER W, 2006, 2006 READERS DIGES 1, P2 Jacobson J. W., 2006, CONTROVERSIAL THERAP, pxi MCGOVERN C, 2006, READERS DIGEST AUG, P137 STURMEY P, 2006, CONTROVERSIAL THERAP, P435 SWALLOWS GO, 2005, J MENTAL RETARDATION, V110, P417 Vyse S, 2006, CONTROVERSIAL THERAP, P265 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER ASSOC INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA SN 1934-9491 J9 INTELLECT DEV DISAB JI Intellect. Dev. Disabil. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 136 EP 137 DI 10.1352/1934-9556(2007)45[136:CTMFAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 168ZP UT WOS:000246562800009 PM 17428138 ER PT J AU Yang, MS Gill, M AF Yang, Mao Sheng Gill, Michael TI A review of gene linkage, association and expression studies in autism and an assessment of convergent evidence SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE autism; development; genetic linkage; genetic association; candidate gene; gene expression; brain; central nervous system; neuro-pathology ID FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; NO ASSOCIATION; SPECTRUM-DISORDER; CANDIDATE GENES; TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability and a likely complex genetic architecture. Much genetic evidence has accumulated in the last 20 years but no gene has been unequivocally identified as containing risk variants for autism. In this article we review the past and present literature on neuro-pathological, genetic linkage, genetic association, and gene expression studies in this disorder. We sought convergent evidence to support particular genes or chromosomal regions that might be likely to contain risk DNA variants. The convergent evidence from these studies supports the current hypotheses that there are multiple genetic loci predisposing to autism, and that genes involved in neurodevelopment are especially important for future genetic studies. Convergent evidence suggests the chromosome regions 7q21.2-q36.2, 16p12.1-p13.3, 6q14.3-q23.2, 2q24.1-q33.1, 17q11.1-q21.2, 1q21-q44 and 3q21.3-q29, are likely to contain risk genes for autism. Taken together with results from neuro-pathological studies, genes involved in brain development located at the above regions should be prioritized for future genetic research. (c) 2006 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, St Jamess Hosp, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Mol Med,Dept Psychiat,Neuropsychiat Genet Gr, Dublin 8, Ireland. Chongqing Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Disorder Genes, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China. RP Yang, MS (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, St Jamess Hosp, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Mol Med,Dept Psychiat,Neuropsychiat Genet Gr, Dublin 8, Ireland. 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.12.002 PG 17 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 150ZG UT WOS:000245257500001 PM 17236739 ER PT J AU Steele, SD Minshew, NJ Luna, B Sweeney, JA AF Steele, Shelly D. Minshew, Nancy J. Luna, Beatriz Sweeney, John A. TI Spatial working memory deficits in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE high functioning autism; CANTAB; executive function; frontal lobes; cognition; neuropsychology ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FRONTAL-CORTEX; LOBE LESIONS; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; INTACT; DYSFUNCTION AB Previous studies have reported working memory deficits in autism, but this finding has been inconsistent. One possibility is that deficits in this domain may be present only when working memory load exceeds some limited capacity. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 605 EP 612 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0202-2 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700002 PM 16909311 ER PT J AU Gotham, K Risi, S Pickles, A Lord, C AF Gotham, Katherine Risi, Susan Pickles, Andrew Lord, Catherine TI The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; PDD-NOS; diagnosis ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION DEFICITS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; INFORMATION; INDIVIDUALS; TRAITS; SCALE AB Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Modules 1-3 item and domain total distributions were reviewed for 1,630 assessments of children aged 14 months to 16 years with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or with heterogeneous non-spectrum disorders. Children were divided by language level and age to yield more homogeneous cells. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 613 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0280-1 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700003 PM 17180459 ER PT J AU Hanson, E Kalish, LA Bunce, E Curtis, C McDaniel, S Ware, J Petry, J AF Hanson, Ellen Kalish, Leslie A. Bunce, Emily Curtis, Christine McDaniel, Samuel Ware, Janice Petry, Judith TI Use of complementary and alternative medicine among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; complementary; alternative medicine ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; THERAPIES; DISABILITY AB This study examined the prevalence of the use of different types of conventional, complementary and alternative therapies by children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Of 112 families surveyed, 74% were using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for their child with ASD. CAM use was most strongly associated with parent report of child's diagnosis. Most CAM was reported by families to be either helpful or without effect, but not harmful. The main reasons for choosing CAM were related to concerns with the safety and side effects of prescribed medications. Conventional health care providers should be aware of the high prevalence of use among children with ASD and be prepared to discuss the use of CAM with families. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dev Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Clin Res Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Southwestern Vermont Med Ctr, Bennington, VT 05201 USA. RP Hanson, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dev Med Ctr, Fegan 10,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 628 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0192-0 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700004 PM 16977497 ER PT J AU Randell, T Hall, M Bizo, L Remington, B AF Randell, Tom Hall, Martin Bizo, Lewis Remington, Bob TI DTkid: Interactive simulation software for training tutors of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; early intensive behavioral intervention; discrete-trial training; tutors; interactive computer simulation software ID COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS AB Discrete-trial training (DTT) relies critically on implementation by trained tutors. We report three experiments carried out in the development of "DTkid" - interactive computer simulation software that presents "SIMon", a realistic virtual child with whom novice tutors can learn and practise DTT techniques. Experiments 1 and 2 exposed groups of participants either to DTkid training or to a control task. Participants in the former groups demonstrated significantly greater procedural and declarative knowledge of DTT. Experiment 3 confirmed this finding, further demonstrating that observation of DTkid training trials alone was sufficient to enhance participants' declarative and procedural knowledge of DTT. Results indicate that DTkid offers the potential for an effective means of teaching DTT skills to novice tutors of children with autism. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Remington, B (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM R.E.Remington@soton.ac.uk CR ALLOWAY T, 1996, SNIFFY VIRTUAL RAT V Gallagher AG, 2004, LANCET, V364, P1538, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17278-4 GREEN G, 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y Huppert J, 2002, INT J SCI EDUC, V24, P803, DOI 10.1080/09500690110049150 Jiang Z., 1994, Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, V13 KOEGEL RL, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-197 Lovaas IO, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P2 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MILLERD FW, 1987, J ECON EDUC, V18, P269, DOI 10.2307/1182803 Moorthy K, 2004, SURG ENDOSC, V18, P328, DOI 10.1007/s00464-003-8513-2 RAY RD, 2001, CYBERRAT VERSION 2 0 REMINGTON B, 2000, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V44, P3 Rodenas J, 2004, RADIAT PROT DOSIM, V111, P173, DOI 10.1093/rpd/nch043 Smith T, 1998, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V10, P67 Smith T., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P86, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600204 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0193-z PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700005 PM 17019627 ER PT J AU Drew, A Baird, G Taylor, E Milne, E Charman, T AF Drew, Auriol Baird, Gillian Taylor, Emma Milne, Elizabeth Charman, Tony TI The Social Communication Assessment for Toddlers with Autism (SCATA): An instrument to measure the frequency, form and function of communication in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; PDD; non-verbal communication; social-communication; measurement; assessment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; JOINT ATTENTION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; 3-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS; INTERVENTION; IMPAIRMENTS AB The Social Communication Assessment for Toddlers with Autism (SCATA) was designed to measure non-verbal communication, including early and atypical communication, in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Each communicative act is scored according to its form, function, role and complexity. The SCATA was used to measure communicative ability longitudinally in two samples of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Overall frequency of non-verbal communicative acts did not change between the two assessments. However, the form and complexity, the function and the role the child took in the interaction did change with time. Both frequency and function of communicative acts in toddlerhood were positively associated with later language ability: social acts, comments and initiations showed greater predictive association than requests and responses. C1 UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, London SE1 9RT, England. RP Charman, T (reprint author), UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, 30 Guildford St, London WC1N 1EH, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 648 EP 666 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0224-9 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700006 PM 17051443 ER PT J AU Bhasin, TK Schendel, D AF Bhasin, Tanya Karapurkar Schendel, Diana TI Sociodemographic risk factors for autism in a US metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; ASD; epidemiologic methods; risk factors ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NEONATAL FACTORS; MATERNAL AGE; SOCIAL-CLASS; FOLLOW-UP AB The present study examined the association between autism and sociodemographic factors, overall and in subgroups of children with autism with and without mental retardation (Autism/MR and Autism/No MR, respectively); the association was further examined in subanalyses by child's source of ascertainment to assess the presence of ascertainment bias. In the main analyses, one marker of higher social class (higher median family income) was significantly associated with autism overall. Both markers of higher social class (higher maternal education and higher median family income) were significantly associated with autism/no MR, but not associated with autism/MR. In the subanalyses, associations with social class varied by ascertainment source. Future studies should consider phenotypic subgroups of children with autism and must consider potential ascertainment bias. C1 Natl Ctr Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Bhasin, TK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 667 EP 677 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0194-y PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700007 PM 16951989 ER PT J AU Nikopoulos, CK Keenan, M AF Nikopoulos, Christos K. Keenan, Mickey TI Using video modeling to teach complex social sequences to children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; video modeling; social interaction; sequences; play ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GENERALIZED IMITATION; ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; SPECTRUM DISORDER; PURCHASING SKILLS; DELAYED CHILDREN; PLAY; PEER; MAINTENANCE AB This study comprised of two experiments was designed to teach complex social sequences to children with autism. Experimental control was achieved by collecting data using means of within-system design methodology. 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TI Characterization of an autism-associated segmental maternal heterodisomy of the chromosome 15q11-13 region SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; chromosomal anomalies; Prader Willi/Angelman region; small supernumerary chromosome ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SUPERNUMERARY MARKER CHROMOSOMES; INV DUP(15) CHROMOSOMES; ISODICENTRIC CHROMOSOME-15; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; PARTIAL HEXASOMY; INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW AB Cytogenetic abnormalities in the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) critical region have been described in individuals with autism. Maternal duplications and linkage disequilibrium in families with autism suggest the existence of a susceptibility locus at 15q11-q13. Here, we describe a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with autism, developmental delay, and delayed expressive and receptive language. The karyotype was designated de novo 47, XX, idic(15)(q13). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular analysis with 15q11-q13 markers revealed an additional copy of the region being of maternal origin. Duplication of the 15q11-q13 segment represents the most consistent known chromosomal abnormality reported in association with autism. This present case report reinforces the hypothesis that additional copies of this chromosome segment are causally related to autism. C1 Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. York Univ, Fac Hlth, Dept Kinesiol & Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Child Dev Ctr, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Scherer, SW (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 694 EP 702 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0225-8 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700009 PM 17006779 ER PT J AU Wassink, TH Losh, M Piven, J Sheffield, VC Ashley, E Westin, ER Patil, SR AF Wassink, Thomas H. Losh, Molly Piven, Joseph Sheffield, Val C. Ashley, Elizabeth Westin, Erik R. Patil, Shivanand R. TI Systematic screening for subtelomeric anomalies in a clinical sample of autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; chromosomal anomalies; FISH; karyotyping; subtelomere ID IDIOPATHIC MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHROMOSOMAL-ABNORMALITIES; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; REARRANGEMENTS; SPECTRUM; DELETION; MANIFESTATIONS; DUPLICATIONS; TELOMERES AB High-resolution karyotyping detects cytogenetic anomalies in 5-10% of cases of autism. Karyotyping, however, may fail to detect abnormalities of chromosome subtelomeres, which are gene rich regions prone to anomalies. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 703 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0196-9 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700010 PM 17004120 ER PT J AU Rogers, K Dziobek, I Hassenstab, J Wolf, OT Convit, A AF Rogers, Kimberley Dziobek, Isabel Hassenstab, Jason Wolf, Oliver T. Convit, Antonio TI Who cares? Revisiting empathy in Asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE empathy; Asperger syndrome; autism; theory of mind; social cognition ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; REVISED VERSION; MIND; CHILDREN; ADULTS; PSYCHOPATHY; ADOLESCENTS; DISORDERS; AGE AB A deficit in empathy has consistently been cited as a central characteristic of Asperger syndrome (AS), but previous research on adults has predominantly focused on cognitive empathy, effectively ignoring the role of affective empathy. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 716 EP 723 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0198-7 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700012 PM 16977496 ER PT J AU Carr, D Felce, J AF Carr, Deborah Felce, Janet TI The effects of PECS teaching to phase III on the communicative interactions between children with autism and their teachers SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE PECS; communication; children; autism; teachers ID TIME-DELAY; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SYSTEM PECS; SPEECH; INTERVENTION; INCREASE AB The study investigated the impact of mastery of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to Phase III, on the communications of children with autism. Children aged between 3 and 7 years, formed a PECS intervention group and a non-intervention control group. The intervention group received 15 h of PECS teaching over 5 weeks. Three 2-h classroom observations recorded communications between the children and their teachers. These occurred: 6 weeks before teaching; during the week immediately prior to teaching; during the week immediately following teaching. For the control group, two 2-h observations were separated by a 5-week interval without PECS teaching. Communicative initiations and dyadic interactions increased significantly between the children and teachers in the PECS group but not for the control group. C1 Univ Cardiff Wales, Div Psychol, Welsh Ctr Learning Disabilities, Cardiff CF14 4YS, Wales. RP Carr, D (reprint author), Univ Cardiff Wales, Div Psychol, Welsh Ctr Learning Disabilities, Hlth Pk, Cardiff CF14 4YS, Wales. EM debcarr60@hotmail.com RI turton, miranda/F-4682-2011 CR Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301 Bondy Andrew S., 1998, Seminars in Speech and Language, V19, P373, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064055 Bondy Andrew S., 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM, P37 Boucher J., 1997, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S CARR EG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P111 Charlop M. 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M., 1989, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V10, P77, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1082491 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 Yoder P. J., 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, P35 Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 724 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0203-1 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700013 PM 17006780 ER PT J AU Clifford, S Dissanayake, C Bui, QM Huggins, R Taylor, AK Loesch, DZ AF Clifford, Sally Dissanayake, Cheryl Bui, Quang M. Huggins, Richard Taylor, Annette K. Loesch, Danuta Z. TI Autism spectrum phenotype in males and females with fragile x full mutation and premutation SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome (FXS); fragile X premutation (FXP); Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; YOUNG BOYS; BEHAVIORS; INDIVIDUALS; INVOLVEMENT; EXPRESSION; FEATURES; TWINS; GENE AB The behavioural phenotype of autism was assessed in individuals with full mutation and premutation fragile X syndrome (FXS) using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-Generic (ADOS-G) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R). The participants, aged 5-80 years, comprised 33 males and 31 females with full mutation, 7 males and 43 females with premutation, and 38 non-fragile X relatives (29 males, 9 females). In the full mutation group, a total of 67% males and 23% females met either the Autism Disorder (AD) or the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) criteria on at least one of the diagnostic tests. In the premutation group, 14% males and 5% females met the ADOS-G criteria for ASD. The presence of autism manifestations in males and females with full mutation and premutation provide support for a spectrum view. C1 La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Mathemat & Applicat, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Kimball Genet Incorp, Denver, CO USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Dissanayake, C (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. EM C.Dissanayake@latrobe.edu.au CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bailey A, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P369, DOI 10.1023/A:1026048320785 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x Bailey DB, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P499 Bailey DB, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P49 Bailey DB, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P165 BAUMGARDNER TL, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V95, P744 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 Cohen I. L., 1996, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V1, P286, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010410 Cook EH, 2001, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V10, P333 deVries BBA, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V58, P1025 Dykens E. 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Lord, Catherine TI Social and communication abilities and disabilities in higher functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders: The Vineland and the ADOS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; Vineland; ADOS; adaptive functioning; social disability; autism spectrum disorders ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; PREDICTORS; PROFILES; PREVALENCE; DOMAINS; MIND AB The relationship between adaptive functioning (ability) and autism symptomatology (disability) remains unclear, especially for higher functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigates ability and disability using the Vineland and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), respectively, in two clinical samples of children with ASD. Participants included 187 males with VIQ > 70. Vineland scores were substantially below VIQ, highlighting the magnitude of adaptive impairments despite cognitive potential. A weak relationship was found between ability and disability. Negative relationships were found between age and Vineland scores and no relationships were found between age and ADOS scores. Positive relationships were found between IQ and Vineland Communication. Results stress the need for longitudinal studies on ability and disability in ASD and emphasize the importance of adaptive skills intervention. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Klin, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Fontage Rd,POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 748 EP 759 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0229-4 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700015 PM 17146708 ER PT J AU Newman, TM Macomber, D Naples, AJ Babitz, T Volkmar, F Grigorenko, EL AF Newman, Tina M. Macomber, Donna Naples, Adam J. Babitz, Tammy Volkmar, Fred Grigorenko, Elena L. TI Hyperlexia in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD); comprehension; hyperlexia; reading; single-word processing ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; READING-COMPREHENSION; PHONEMIC AWARENESS; COMPONENT SKILLS; WORD RECOGNITION; DISABILITY; IMPROVEMENT; IMPAIRMENT; DYSLEXIA; ABILITY AB We compared the reading-related skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders who have hyperlexia (ASD + HPL) with age-matched children with ASD without HPL (ASD - HPL) and with single-word reading-matched typically developing children (TYP). 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W., 2001, WOODCOCKJOHNSON 3 TE NR 58 TC 44 Z9 46 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 760 EP 774 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0206-y PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700016 PM 17048093 ER PT J AU Iavarone, A Patruno, M Galeone, F Chieffi, S Carlomagno, S AF Iavarone, Alessandro Patruno, Maria Galeone, Filomena Chieffi, Sergio Carlomagno, Sergio TI Brief report: Error pattern in an autistic savant calendar calculator SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE savant syndrome; calendar calculator; autism ID IDIOT SAVANT; CALENDRICAL CALCULATORS AB Special ability in computing the day of the week from given dates was observed in a 18 years old male, L.E., suffering from autism. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0190-2 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 154VA UT WOS:000245534700017 PM 16900402 ER PT J AU Carr, D Felce, J AF Carr, Deborah Felce, Janet TI Brief report: Increase in production of spoken words in some children with autism after PECS teaching to phase III SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE PECS; speech; autism; children ID COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM PECS; ACQUISITION; LANGUAGE; SPEECH AB The context for this work was an evaluation study [Carr, D., & Felce, J. A. (in press)] of the early phases of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) [Frost, L. A., & Bondy, A. S. (1994). The picture exchange communication system training manual. Cherry Hill, NJ: Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc.; Frost, L. A., & Bondy, A. S. (2004). The picture exchange communication system training manual, 2(nd) edn. Newark, DE: Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc.]. This paper reports that five of 24 children who received 15 h of PECS teaching towards Phase III over a period of 4-5 weeks, showed concomitant increases in speech production, either in initiating communication with staff or in responding, or both. No children in the PECS group demonstrated a decrease in spoken words after receiving PECS teaching. In the control group, only one of 17 children demonstrated a minimal increase and four of 17 children demonstrated a decrease in use of spoken words after a similar period without PECS teaching. C1 Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Div Psychol, Welsh Ctr Learning Disabilities, Cardiff CF14 3BG, Wales. RP Carr, D (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Div Psychol, Welsh Ctr Learning Disabilities, Meridian Rd,N Rd, Cardiff CF14 3BG, Wales. EM debcarr60@hotmail.com RI turton, miranda/F-4682-2011 CR Bondy A. 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Ichikawa, Hironobu Itohara, Shigeyoshi Yoshikawa, Takeo Furuichi, Teiichi TI Autistic-like phenotypes in Cadps2-knockout mice and aberrant CADPS2 splicing in autistic patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CORE VESICLE EXOCYTOSIS; CA2+-DEPENDENT ACTIVATOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; REDUCED EXPLORATION; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; NEONATAL BLOOD; GENOME SCAN; PROTEIN AB Autism, characterized by profound impairment in social interactions and communicative skills, is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder, and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Ca2+-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CADPS2; also known as CAPS2) mediates the exocytosis of densecore vesicles, and the human CADPS2 is located within the autism susceptibility locus 1 on chromosome 7q. Here we show that Cadps2-knockout mice not only have impaired brain-derived neurotrophic factor release but also show autistic-like cellular and behavioral phenotypes. Moreover, we found an aberrant alternatively spliced CADPS2 mRNA that lacks exon 3 in some autistic patients. Exon 3 was shown to encode the dynactin 1-binding domain and affect axonal CADPS2 protein distribution. Our results suggest that a disturbance in CADPS2-mediated neurotrophin release contributes to autism susceptibility. C1 RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Mol Neurogenesis, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Mol Psychiat, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Umegaoka Hosp, Tokyo, Japan. Aichi Human Serv Ctr, Inst Dev Res, Dept Perinatol, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan. RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Res Resource Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 43131, Japan. NIMH, Mood & Anxiety Disorders Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1097/01.DBP.0000267563.18952.c9 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 158KG UT WOS:000245789800008 PM 17435464 ER PT J AU Green, VA AF Green, Vanessa A. TI Parental experience with treatments for autism SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; treatment; parents; interview; evidence-base ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; MOTOR INTEGRATION; CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; EFFICACY AB Nineteen parents of children with autism were interviewed about their experiences with autism treatments. These parents had originally participated in an Internet survey of treatments for autism and were randomly selected to participate in the follow-up telephone interview. The questions focused on three current treatments that have varying empirical support in the research literature, namely Applied Behavior Analysis, Sensory Integration therapy, and a combination of Vitamin B6 and Magnesium. Most parents received information about these treatments from the Internet, other parents, and occupational therapists. In addition to recommendations from professionals and other parents to use a particular treatment, the study showed that ease of implementation, time commitment, and perceived effectiveness may also contribute to the continued use of treatments that lack empirical support. The findings highlight the need for parents to have access to unbiased, scientifically validated information about treatments for autism. C1 Univ Tasmania, Sch Educ, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Green, VA (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Educ, Private Bag 66, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM vanessa.green@utas.edu.au CR ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P406 AYERS J, 1972, J LEARNING DISABILIT, V5, P338 Baranek GT, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1020541906063 CARTE E, 1984, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V5, P189 Dawson G, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P415, DOI 10.1023/A:1005547422749 Gillberg C., 1997, AUTISM, V1, P97, DOI 10.1177/1362361397011009 Goldstein H, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P553, DOI 10.1023/A:1025895915605 Green VA, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P70, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.12.002 Gresham FM, 1999, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V28, P559 HARRIS SL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02207325 Heflin L.J., 1998, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V13, P194, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769801300401 HOSHINO Y, 1982, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V36, P367 Kerbeshian J, 2001, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V13, P199, DOI 10.1023/A:1016686802786 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas OI, 2003, EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, P325 Lynch T, 2003, EJC SUPPL, V1, P17, DOI 10.1016/S1359-6349(03)80016-2 Matson JL, 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 McGee J. 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Cohen, Celina Smith, Tristram TI Contingency contracting with students with Autism Spectrum Disorders in a public school setting SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger's disorder; attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); self-management; contingency contract ID CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; LANGUAGE AB In this study, a contingency contract procedure was implemented to promote adherence to rules of conduct in an elementary school setting by 2 male participants, one 10-year-old with a diagnosis of Autistic Disorder and one 9-year-old with ADHD and probable Asperger's Disorder. Prior to intervention, both participants engaged in frequent challenging behaviors, including tantrums, antisocial vocalizations, and physical aggression. Written contracts were developed in collaboration with participants and revised several times during the study as participants progressed; in the final stages, a self-monitoring requirement was included. A changing criterion design was used to evaluate the effects of contracts on participants' adherence to rules of conduct. Results suggest that contracts were effective for both participants. Thus, contingency contract procedures may be useful for some individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Mruzek, DW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 671, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Daniel_Mruzek@URMC.Rochester.edu CR ALLEN SJ, 1990, PSYCHOL SCH, V27, P224 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Campbell D. T., 1963, EXPT QUASIEXPERIMENT De Martini-Scully D, 2000, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V37, P149 Durand V. M., 1992, MOTIVATION ASSESSMEN HEWARD WL, 1987, APPL BEHAV ANAL, P467 HOMME LL, 1970, USE CONTINGENCY CONT JOLIVETTE K, 1999, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V31, P12 Koegel L. K., 1999, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V1, P26, DOI 10.1177/109830079900100104 Koegel LK, 1999, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V24, P174, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.24.3.174 McGinnis E., 1997, SKILLSTREAMING ELEME Myles B. S., 1998, ASPERGER SYNDROME GU Newstrom J, 1999, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V21, P39, DOI 10.1300/J019v21n01_03 Norbury CF, 2002, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V37, P227, DOI 10.1080/13682820210136269 PIERCE KL, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P471, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-471 Shearer D. D., 1996, EARLY EDUC DEV, V7, P205, DOI 10.1027/s15566935eed0703_1 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STRAIN PS, 1994, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V2, P78 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V2, P5, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000062X THORNDIKE R.L., 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING ST TRICE AD, 1990, PSYCHOL REP, V67, P233, DOI 10.2466/PR0.67.5.233-234 Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10882-007-9036-x PG 12 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 151MT UT WOS:000245295300003 ER PT J AU Saldana, D Frith, U AF Saldana, David Frith, Uta TI Do readers with autism make bridging inferences from world knowledge? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; text reading comprehension; poor comprehenders; bridging inferences; world knowledge ID READING-COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; POOR COMPREHENDERS; INTRUSION ERRORS; CHILDREN; ABILITY; MEMORY; SKILL; STORY; DEFICITS AB Individuals with autism frequently show impairments in text reading comprehension. This often is attributed to poor ability to draw inferences during reading and to inadequate access to relevant knowledge. The current study tested this hypothesis by measuring the time taken to read the same question, relating to either physical or social world knowledge, when it was either relevant or irrelevant to the bridging inference evoked by a preceding two-sentence vignette. In the study, 16 normally developing adolescents and 16 adolescents with autism were matched on word reading accuracy, chronological age, and vocabulary but differed significantly in text comprehension. A strong priming effect was found, robust over participants and over items; participants read those questions that were relevant to the inference evoked by the vignette faster than they read those questions that were irrelevant, and no interaction with group membership or type of knowledge was found. This indicates that readers with autism, just like controls, were activating appropriate world knowledge primed by implicit inferences while reading the vignettes. Thus, the comprehension problems in these readers cannot be attributed to an inability to make implicit inferences or to draw on relevant world knowledge. Instead, we suggest that these problems must be sought at a higher level of text processing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Seville, Dept Dev & Educ Psychol, Seville 41018, Spain. UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 3AR, England. RP Saldana, D (reprint author), Univ Seville, Dept Dev & Educ Psychol, Seville 41018, Spain. EM dsaldana@us.es RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Saldana, David/F-2067-2010 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; Saldana, David/0000-0002-4192-7924 CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 2000, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Cain K, 1999, READ WRIT, V11, P489, DOI 10.1023/A:1008084120205 Cain K, 2001, MEM COGNITION, V29, P850, DOI 10.3758/BF03196414 Cain K, 1996, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V14, P187 Cain K, 2006, MEMORY, V14, P553, DOI 10.1080/09658210600624481 De Beni R, 1998, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V51, P305 De Beni R, 2000, LEARN INDIVID DIFFER, V12, P131, DOI 10.1016/S1041-6080(01)00033-4 Dunn L. 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Exp. Child Psychol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 96 IS 4 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.jecp.2006.11.002 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 167AK UT WOS:000246422600003 PM 17196973 ER PT J AU Zahorakova, D Rosipal, R Hadac, J Zumrova, A Bzduch, V Misovicova, N Baxova, A Zeman, J Martasek, P AF Zahorakova, Daniela Rosipal, Robert Hadac, Jan Zumrova, Alena Bzduch, Vladimir Misovicova, Nadezda Baxova, Alice Zeman, Jiri Martasek, Pavel TI Mutation analysis of the MECP2 gene in patients of Slavic origin with Rett syndrome: novel mutations and polymorphisms SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome; mental retardation; MECP2 gene; mutation screening; MLPA ID CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PHENOTYPE; ASSOCIATION; VARIANTS; EXON-1; AUTISM; DNA AB Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder in females, is caused mainly by de novo mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2). Here we report mutation analysis of the MECP2 gene in 87 patients with RTT from the Czech and Slovak Republics, and Ukraine. The patients, all girls, with classical RTT were investigated for mutations using bi-directional DNA sequencing and conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis analysis of the coding sequence and exon/intron boundaries of the MECP2 gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to confirm the mutations that cause the creation or abolition of the restriction site. Mutation-negative cases were subsequently examined by multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to identify large deletions. Mutation screening revealed 31 different mutations in 68 patients and 12 non-pathogenic polymorphisms. Six mutations have not been previously published: two point mutations (323T > A, 904C > T), three deletions (189_190delGA, 816_832del17, 1069delAGC) and one deletion/inversion (1063_1236del174;1189_1231inv43). MLPA analysis revealed large deletions in two patients. The detection rate was 78.16%. Our results confirm the high frequency of MECP2 mutations in females with RTT and provide data concerning the mutation heterogeneity in the Slavic population. C1 Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 1, Dept Pediat, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. Thomayer Univ Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Hosp Motol, Dept Child Neurol, Prague, Czech Republic. Comenius Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat 1, Bratislava, Slovakia. Martin Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Martin, Slovakia. Gen Univ Hosp, Inst Biol & Clin Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Zahorakova, D (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 1, Dept Pediat, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. EM pavel.martasek@gmail.com CR Amir RE, 1999, NAT GENET, V23, P185 Amir RE, 2000, AM J MED GENET, V97, P147, DOI 10.1002/1096-8628(200022)97:2<147::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-O Amir RE, 2005, J MED GENET, V42, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2004.026161 Ballestar E, 2000, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V39, P7100, DOI 10.1021/bi0001271 Borg I, 2005, EUR J HUM GENET, V13, P921, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201429 Bourdon V, 2001, HUM GENET, V108, P43, DOI 10.1007/s004390000422 Buyse IM, 2000, AM J HUM GENET, V67, P1428, DOI 10.1086/316913 Cheadle JP, 2000, HUM MOL GENET, V9, P1119, DOI 10.1093/hmg/9.7.1119 Conforti FL, 2003, AM J MED GENET A, V117A, P184, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.10898 Couvert P, 2001, HUM MOL GENET, V10, P941, DOI 10.1093/hmg/10.9.941 De Bona C, 2000, EUR J HUM GENET, V8, P325, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200473 Erlandson A, 2001, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V10, P117 Evans JC, 2005, EUR J HUM GENET, V13, P124, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201270 HAGBERG B, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P62, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979723 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 Hoffbuhr K, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V56, P1486 Hoffbuhr KC, 2002, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V8, P99, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.10026 Huppke P, 2000, HUM MOL GENET, V9, P1369, DOI 10.1093/hmg/9.9.1369 Jones BE, 1998, EXTREMOPHILES, V2, P191, DOI 10.1007/s007920050060 Kerr AM, 2001, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V23, P208, DOI 10.1016/S0387-7604(01)00193-0 Laccone F, 2004, HUM MUTAT, V23, P234, DOI 10.1002/humu.20004 Laccone F, 2001, HUM MUTAT, V17, P183, DOI 10.1002/humu.3 Mari F, 2005, HUM MOL GENET, V14, P1935, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddi198 Mnatzakanian GN, 2004, NAT GENET, V36, P339, DOI 10.1038/ng1327 Naidu S, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P14 Nan XS, 1998, NATURE, V393, P386 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 Shibayama A, 2004, AM J MED GENET B, V128B, P50, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30016 Tao J, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V75, P1149, DOI 10.1086/426460 Van den Veyver IB, 2000, CURR OPIN GENET DEV, V10, P275, DOI 10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00083-6 Wan MM, 1999, AM J HUM GENET, V65, P1520, DOI 10.1086/302690 Weaving LS, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V75, P1079, DOI 10.1086/426462 YOUNG JI, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P17551 Zeev Bruria Ben, 2002, Journal of Child Neurology, V17, P20 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1434-5161 J9 J HUM GENET JI J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s10038-007-0121-x PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 150RZ UT WOS:000245236400007 PM 17387578 ER PT J AU Scambler, DJ Hepburn, SL Hagerman, RJ Rogers, SJ AF Scambler, D. J. Hepburn, S. L. Hagerman, R. J. Rogers, S. J. TI A preliminary study of screening for risk of autism in children with fragile X syndrome: testing two risk cut-offs for the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; fragile X syndrome; screening ID DISORDERS AB Objective Risk criteria for the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) and modified risk criteria (i.e. the Denver Criteria) were compared in a group of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism. Method Participants were 17 children aged 2-4 years with DNA confirmation of FXS. Four children had autism and 13 children did not. Results Preliminary findings regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the CHAT for detecting risk for autism in children with FXS are as follows: using the original CHAT risk criteria, sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 100%, respectively; and using the Denver Criteria, sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 92%, respectively. Conclusions The CHAT and the Denver Criteria resulted in preliminary findings suggesting high levels of sensitivity to autism in children with FXS. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Scambler, DJ (reprint author), 215 N Murray Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry, V168, P158, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.2.158 Dykens E. 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J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 Scambler D, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P1457, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200112000-00017 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00874.x PN 4 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 140QF UT WOS:000244519900003 PM 17326808 ER PT J AU Price, J Roberts, J Vandergrift, N Martin, G AF Price, J. Roberts, J. Vandergrift, N. Martin, G. TI Language comprehension in boys with fragile X syndrome and boys with Down syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; fragile X syndrome; language comprehension; neurodevelopmental disorders ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISTIC BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SKILLS; COMMUNICATION; IMPAIRMENT; DISORDERS; SYMPTOMS; PROTEIN AB Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known inherited cause of intellectual disability, yet very few studies have explored the language comprehension skills of children with FXS. We examined the receptive vocabulary, grammatical morphology and syntax skills of boys with FXS (who were additionally classified as having autism, autism spectrum, or no autism) and compared them to boys with Down syndrome (DS) and typically developing (TD) boys at similar non-verbal developmental levels. Methods The Vocabulary, Grammatical Morphology, and Elaborated Phrases and Sentences subtests of the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language - 3rd Edition (TACL-3) were administered annually up to three times to assess the language comprehension skills of 35 boys with FXS without autism, 24 boys with FXS with autism spectrum, 19 boys with FXS with autism, 45 boys with DS and 40 TD boys at similar non-verbal cognitive levels. Results After controlling for non-verbal cognition and maternal education levels, we found that the three groups of boys with FXS did not differ from each other but scored lower than the TD boys in language comprehension. The boys with DS scored lower in language comprehension than boys with FXS without autism and TD boys. For all of the groups, scores for receptive vocabulary, grammatical morphology and syntax did not differ. Conclusions Boys with FXS and boys with DS differed in receptive language levels, demonstrating unique language profiles for each syndrome. Language comprehension appears to be an important area to target in assessment and intervention for both populations. C1 Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Price, J (reprint author), 105 Smith Level Rd,CB 8180, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00881.x PN 4 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 140QF UT WOS:000244519900008 PM 17326813 ER PT J AU Rajcan-Separovic, E Harvard, C Liu, X McGillivray, B Hall, JG Qiao, Y Hurlburt, J Hildebrand, J Mickelson, ECR Holden, JJA Lewis, MES AF Rajcan-Separovic, E. Harvard, C. Liu, X. McGillivray, B. Hall, J. G. Qiao, Y. Hurlburt, J. Hildebrand, J. Mickelson, E. C. R. Holden, J. J. A. Lewis, M. E. S. TI Clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterisation of a newly recognised microdeletion syndrome involving 2p15-16.1 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; IDIOPATHIC MENTAL-RETARDATION; X-LINKED ICHTHYOSIS; ARRAY-CGH; SUBMICROSCOPIC DELETIONS; REARRANGEMENTS; DISORDERS; PHENOTYPE; AUTISM; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: During whole genome microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) screening of subjects with idiopathic intellectual disability, we identified two unrelated individuals with a similar de novo interstitial microdeletion at 2p15-2p16.1. Both individuals share a similar clinical phenotype including moderate to severe intellectual disability, autism/autistic features, microcephaly, structural brain anomalies including cortical dysplasia/pachygyria, renal anomalies (multicystic kidney, hydronephrosis), digital camp-todactyly, visual impairment, strabismus, neuromotor deficits, communication and attention impairments, and a distinctive pattern of craniofacial features. Dysmorphic craniofacial features include progressive microcephaly, flat occiput, widened inner canthal distance, small palpebral fissures, ptosis, long and straight eyelashes, broad and high nasal root extending to a widened, prominent nasal tip with elongated, smooth philtrum, rounding of the upper vermillion border and everted lower lips. Methods: Clinical assessments, and cytogenetic, array CGH and fluorescence in situ hybridisation ( FISH) analyses were performed. Results: The microdeletions discovered in each individual measured 4.5 Mb and 5.7 Mb, spanning the chromosome 2p region from 57.2 to 61.7 Mb and from 56 to 61.7 Mb, respectively. Each deleted clone in this range demonstrated a dosage reduction from two to one copy in each proband except for clone RP11-79K21, which was present in three copies in each proband and in four copies in their respective parents ( two per each chromosome 2 homologue). Discussion: The common constellation of features found in the two affected subjects indicates that they have a newly recognised microdeletion syndrome involving haploinsufficiency of one or more genes deleted within at least a 4.5-Mb segment of the 2p15-16.1 region. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Child & Family Res Inst, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Psychiat, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Lewis, MES (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Child & Family Res Inst, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. 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Med. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1136/jmg.2006.045013 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 152GV UT WOS:000245350500007 PM 16963482 ER PT J AU Hassenstab, J Dziobek, I Rogers, K Wolf, OT Convit, A AF Hassenstab, Jason Dziobek, Isabel Rogers, Kimberley Wolf, Oliver T. Convit, Antonio TI Knowing what others know, feeling what others feel - A controlled study of empathy in psychotherapists SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article DE empathy; ToM; social cognition; therapist characteristics ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; QUOTIENT; EMOTIONS; THERAPY; ADULTS; IMPACT; MODEL; EYES AB There has been considerable interest in assessing whether psychotherapists have enhanced abilities in empathy and whether those abilities influence treatment outcomes. However, to date, studies have been hindered by inconsistent definitions of empathy and a reliance on assessment via self-report. 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Haier, Joerg TI Evidence for mycoplasma ssp., Chlamydia pneumoniae, and human herpes virus-6 coinfections in the blood of patients with autistic spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; infection; HHV-6 virus; Chlamydia pneumaniae; Mycoplasma species ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; INFANTILE-AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; INFECTIONS; GENETICS AB We examined the blood of 48 patients from central and southern California diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) by using forensic polymerase chain reaction and found that a large subset (28/48 or 58.3%) of patients showed evidence of Mycoplasma spp. infections compared with two of 45 (4.7%) age-matched control subjects (odds ratio = 13.8, P < 0.001). Because ASD patients have a high prevalence of one or more Mycoplasma spp. and sometimes show evidence of infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae, we examined ASD patients for other infections. Also, the presence of one or more systemic infections may predispose ASD patients to other infections, so we examined the prevalence of C. pneumoniae (4/48 or 8.3% positive, odds ratio = 5.6, P < 0.01) and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6, 14/48 or 29.2%, odds ratio = 4.5, P < 0.01) coinfections in ASD patients. We found that Mycoplasma-positive and -negative ASD patients had similar percentages of C. pneumoniae and HHV-6 infections, suggesting that such infections occur independently in ASD patients. Control subjects also had low rates of C. pneumoniae (1/48 or 2.1%) and HHV-6 (4/48 or 8.3%) infections, and there were no coinfections in control subjects. The results indicate that a large subset of ASD patients shows evidence of bacterial and/or viral infections (odds ratio = 16.5, P < 0.001). The significance of these infections in ASD is discussed in terms of appropriate treatment. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Inst Mol Med, Off President, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. 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Neurosci. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1148 DI 10.1002/jnr.21203 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 157NK UT WOS:000245726700023 PM 17265454 ER PT J AU Thompson, B Thornton, B AF Thompson, Bruce Thornton, Bill TI Exploring mental-state reasoning as a social-cognitive mechanism for social loafing in children SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; collaboration; development; loafing; theory of mind ID OF-MIND DEVELOPMENT; COWORKER PERFORMANCE; KNOWLEDGE; BELIEFS; REPRESENTATION; CONSEQUENCES; MOTIVATION; LANGUAGE; AUTISM; HARD AB The authors explored mental-state reasoning ability among 72 preschoolers (ages 3-5 years) as a possible developmental mechanism for the well-known social loafing effect: diminished individual effort in a collaborative task. The authors expected that older children would outperform young children on standard mental-state reasoning tests and that they would display greater social loafing than younger children. In addition, we hypothesized that the ability to infer the mental states of others would be predictive of social loafing, but that the ability to reason about one's own knowledge would not. The authors gave children three standard false-belief tasks and participated in a within-subjects balloon inflation task that they performed both individually and as part of a group. Results indicated that 3-year-olds performed significantly below older preschoolers on mental-state reasoning tasks. Only 4- and 5-year-olds displayed diminished individual effort. Multiple regression analysis indicated that only the ability to reason about others' false beliefs accounted for a significant amount of variance in social loafing; age (in months) and own false-belief reasoning did not. The authors discussed theoretical and pedagogical implications. C1 Univ So Maine, Dept Psychol, Portland, ME 04104 USA. RP Thompson, B (reprint author), Univ So Maine, Dept Psychol, 96 Falmouth St, Portland, ME 04104 USA. EM bthompso@usm.maine.edu CR Astington JW, 1999, DEV PSYCHOL, V35, P1311, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.35.5.1311 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BRETHERTON I, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P906, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.6.906 Calarge C, 2003, AM J PSYCHIAT, V160, P1954, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1954 DUNN J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P1352, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01610.x DUNN J, 1988, BEGINNINGS SOCIAL UN ESTES D, 1989, ADV CHILD DEV BEHAV, V22, P41, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2407(08)60412-7 FLAVELL JH, 1983, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V15, P95, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(83)90005-1 Flavell JH, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P244 Frith U, 2001, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P151, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.00137 Gallagher HL, 2003, TRENDS COGN SCI, V7, P77, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)00025-6 GOPNIK A, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P1 Goushiki T, 1999, JPN J EDUC PSYCHOL, V47, P354 Guerin B, 2003, J SOC PSYCHOL, V143, P313 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HAPPE FGE, 1995, METAPHOR SYMB ACT, V10, P275, DOI 10.1207/s15327868ms1004_3 HARKINS SG, 1989, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V56, P934, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.56.6.934 HARKINS SG, 1982, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V43, P1214, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.43.6.1214 HARRIS P, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V61, P48 Harris P. 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Soc. Psychol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 147 IS 2 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.3200/SOCP.147.2.159-174 PG 16 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 175DX UT WOS:000246994000004 PM 17601078 ER PT J AU Roberts, J Martin, GE Moskowitz, L Harris, AA Foreman, J Nelson, L AF Roberts, Joanne Martin, Gary E. Moskowitz, Lauren Harris, Adrianne A. Foreman, Jamila Nelson, Lauren TI Discourse skills of boys with fragile X syndrome in comparison to boys with Down syndrome SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; Down syndrome; discourse; conversation; X-linked ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; LANGUAGE-SKILLS; MALES; COMMUNICATION; DEFICITS AB Purpose: This study compared the conversational discourse skills of boys who have fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with those of boys with Down syndrome and boys who are typically developing. Method: Participants were boys who have fragile X syndrome with (n = 26) and without In = 28) ASD, boys with Down syndrome In = 29), and boys who are,typically developing.(n = 22). Turns during an examiner-child interaction consisting of structured and semistructured activities were coded for the boys' ability to maintain a topic of conversation and the frequency of perseveration. Results: The results revealed that boys who had both fragile X and ASD produced significantly more noncontingent discourse than did boys who had only fragile X, boys with Down syndrome, or typically developing boys. This finding was observed regardless of whether the topic was maintained or changed and whether the turn type was a response or initiation. Regardless of autism status, boys with fragile X used more perseveration than did boys in the other groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that some aspects of the conversational discourse difficulties attributed to fragile X syndrome may be a function of the high rate of comorbidity between fragile X and autism, whereas some difficulties may be characteristic of fragile X syndrome. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 475 EP 492 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/033) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 168XR UT WOS:000246557800015 PM 17463242 ER PT J AU Eliez, S AF Eliez, Stephan TI Autism in children with 22Q11.2 deletion syndrome SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID DISORDERS; ONSET C1 Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Serv Med Pedag, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Eliez, S (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Serv Med Pedag, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. 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Courchesne, Eric TI MRI neuroanatomy in young girls with autism: A preliminary study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE sex differences; autism; magnetic resonance imaging ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN; CHILDREN; GENES; CELLS; LIFE AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that young girls and boys with autism exhibit different profiles of neuroanatomical abnormality relative to each other and relative to typically developing children. Method: Structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure gray and white matter volumes (whole cerebrum, cerebral lobes, and cerebellum) and total brain volume in nine girls (ages 2.29-5.16) and 27 boys (ages 1.96-5.33) with autism and 14 girls (ages 2.17-5.71) and 13 boys (ages 1.72-5.50) with typical development. Structure size and the relationship between size and age were examined. Diagnostic and cognitive outcome data were obtained after the children reached 4 to 5 years of age. Results: Girls with autism exhibited nearly every size-related abnormality exhibited by boys with autism. Furthermore, additional sites of abnormality were observed in girls, including enlargement in temporal white and gray matter volumes and reduction in cerebellar gray matter volume. Significant correlations were observed between age and white matter volumes (e.g., cerebral white matter r(s) = 0.950) for the girls with autism, whereas no significant age-structure size relationships were observed for the boys with autism. Conclusions: Results suggest sex differences in etiological factors and the biological time course of the disorder. C1 San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Bloss, CS (reprint author), VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr,MC 116B, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. EM cinnamon@ucsd.edu CR Akshoomoff N, 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V14, P613, DOI 10.1017/S0954579402003115 Akshoomoff N, 2004, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V43, P349, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000103176.13414.67 ARTHUR G, 1980, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE Auranen M, 2002, AM J HUM GENET, V71, P777, DOI 10.1086/342720 Bartzokis G, 2002, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V27, P672, DOI 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00364-0 Bartzokis G, 2004, NEUROBIOL AGING, V25, P49, DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.08.001 BATES E, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P245 BENES FM, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P477 Carper RA, 2000, BRAIN, V123, P836, DOI 10.1093/brain/123.4.836 Carper RA, 2002, NEUROIMAGE, V16, P1038, DOI 10.1006/nimg.2002.1099 Courchesne E, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V57, P245 Courchesne E, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V290, P337, DOI 10.1001/jama.290.3.337 Courchesne E, 2000, RADIOLOGY, V216, P672 Desarnaud F, 1998, J NEUROCHEM, V71, P1765 Durston S, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P1012, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200109000-00009 Elliot C. 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Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 515 EP 523 DI 10.1097/chi.0b013e318030e28b PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 149PA UT WOS:000245157800014 PM 17420687 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, M AF Fitzpatrick, Michael TI Autism and environmental toxicity SO LANCET NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Barton House Hlth Ctr, London, England. RP Fitzpatrick, M (reprint author), Barton House Hlth Ctr, London, England. EM fitz@easynet.co.uk CR GEIER MR, 2007, LANCET NEUROL, V6, P212, DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70049-2 Grinker Roy Richard, 2007, UNSTRANGE MINDS REMA *MRC, 2001, REV AUT RES EP CAUS Veenstra-VanderWeele J, 2004, ANNU REV GENOM HUM G, V5, P379, DOI 10.1146/annurev.genom5.061903.180050 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1474-4422 J9 LANCET NEUROL JI Lancet Neurol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 297 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70066-2 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 149KE UT WOS:000245145000008 PM 17362832 ER PT J AU Jordan, LM AF Jordan, Lisa M. TI Right from the start: Behavioral intervention for young children with autism, 2nd edition SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Johnson Cty Lib, Shawnee Mission, KS 66212 USA. RP Jordan, LM (reprint author), Johnson Cty Lib, Shawnee Mission, KS 66212 USA. CR HARRIS SL, 2007, RIGHT START BEHAV IN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 104 EP 105 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 153FS UT WOS:000245418100159 ER PT J AU Matsuyama, K Ohsawa, I Ogawa, T AF Matsuyama, Kumi Ohsawa, Isao Ogawa, Toyoaki TI Do children with tuberous sclerosis complex have superior musical skill? - A unique tendency of musical responsiveness in children with TSC SO MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR LA English DT Article DE tuberous sclerosis complex; musical responsiveness; development; correlation ID AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; CONSENSUS CONFERENCE; INFANTS PERCEPTION; INDIVIDUALS; BRAIN; ABILITIES; SEVERITY; MELODIES; PITCH AB Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder that manifests with symptoms that. might include mental retardation, epilepsy, skin lesions, and hamartomas in the heart, brain, and kidneys. Anecdotal reports have characterized children with TSC as having high music responsiveness despite their developmental delay. Material/Methods: This study is intended to investigate this putative musical skill of children with TSC and to elucidate the presence of non-delayed facets of their development. This study examined 11 children with TSC: 10 children with DSM-IV autism and 92 healthy children who participated as control subjects. Correlation was examined between results obtained using Non-Verbal MMRC, which is a validated musical responsiveness battery, and results of a scientifically accepted standardized pediatric developmental test: the New Edition of the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development. Inter-rater, reliability among the three raters was also assessed. Results: The rhythm or melody score on the Non-Verbal MMRC and DA among children with TSC showed no significant correlation. In contrast, a significant correlation was found among normal children and those with autism. Moreover, the inter-rater reliability was good. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that children with TSC show high responsiveness to musical stimuli despite otherwise delayed development (e.g., language, cognition, motor skills). This report is the first stating that children with TSC have a unique tendency in terms of correlation between music and developmental age. These findings indicate a non-delayed area of TSC children's development it and suggest the use of music as therapeutic intervention. C1 Nagoya Univ, Postgrad Med Sch, Dept Psychopathol & Psychotherapy, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan. Aichi Gakuin Univ, Fac Psychol & Phys Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Nisshin, Japan. RP Matsuyama, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Postgrad Med Sch, Dept Psychopathol & Psychotherapy, Showa Ku, 65 Tsurumai Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan. 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To date, 12 microsatellite genome screens have been performed using various data sets of sib-pair families (parents and affected children) resulting in numerous regions of potential linkage across the genome. However, no universal region or consistent candidate gene from these regions has emerged. The use of large, extended pedigrees is a recognized powerful approach to identify significant linkage results, as these families potentially contain more potential linkage information than sib-pair families. A genome-wide linkage analysis was performed on 26 extended autism families (65 affected, 184 total individuals). Each family had two to four affected individuals comprised of either avuncular or cousin pairs. For analysis, we used a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay, the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 10K array. Two-point analysis gave peak heterogeneity limit of detection (HLOD) of 2.82 at rs2877739 on chromosome 14q. 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TI Agenesis of the corpus callosum: genetic, developmental and functional aspects of connectivity SO NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID POTENTIAL INTERHEMISPHERIC TRANSMISSION; MOWAT-WILSON-SYNDROME; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CELL-ADHESION; WHITE-MATTER; HEMISPHERIC-SPECIALIZATION; LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; DISCONNECTION SYNDROME; ABNORMAL-DEVELOPMENT AB Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC), a failure to develop the large bundle of fibres that connect the cerebral hemispheres, occurs in 1: 4000 individuals. Genetics, animal models and detailed structural neuroimaging are now providing insights into the developmental and molecular bases of AgCC. Studies using neuropsychological, electroencephalogram and functional MRI approaches are examining the resulting impairments in emotional and social functioning, and have begun to explore the functional neuroanatomy underlying impaired higher-order cognition. 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Ann. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 236 EP 241 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 162ZH UT WOS:000246127600006 ER PT J AU Xi, CY Ma, HW Lu, Y Zhao, YJ Hua, TY Zhao, YJ Ji, YH AF Xi, Chun-Yan Ma, Hong-Wei Lu, Yao Zhao, Yun-Jing Hua, Tian-Yi Zhao, Yun-Jing Ji, Yao-Hua TI MeCP2 gene mutation analysis in autistic boys with developmental regression SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; developmental regression; MeCP2 gene; mutation ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; RETT-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; REGION; BRAIN AB Autism and Rett syndrome are both pervasive developmental disorders and share many characteristics in common. One of these features is developmental regression with loss of social, cognitive and language skills after a period of apparently normal development during the first 1-2 years of life, which raises the question of whether there is a common pathway underlying regression in these two disorders. The Rett syndrome gene was identified as MeCP2 gene on Xq28, a powerful transcriptional repressor. To explore its possible role in the etiology of autism and involvement in regression, we searched for MeCP2 gene mutations in a well characterized sample of 31 autistic boys with developmental regression by direct sequencing. One sequence variant in 3' untranslated region was observed. The patient inherited the variant from his unaffected mother, so it may be a rare polymorphism. No coding sequence variant was found in any of the patients tested. We conclude that mutations in the coding sequence of MeCP2 are not a frequent cause of regression in autism. The long 3' untranslated region of MeCP2 is highly conserved across species, suggesting that they are important for the post-transcriptional regulation of MeCP2 gene. It may be worthwhile extending the mutation screening, with a larger sample of strictly defined phenotype, to regulatory elements and untranslated regions of this gene, to explore to what degree MeCP2 gene is involved in the etiology of autism and its possible role in the regression of autism. C1 China Med Univ, Dept Dev Pediat, Hosp 2, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. China Med Univ, Cent Lab, Hosp 2, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. China Med Univ, Intens Ctr Sci & Technol, Hosp 2, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. RP Xi, CY (reprint author), China Med Univ, Dept Dev Pediat, Hosp 2, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. 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Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1097/YPG.0b013e3280114a5c PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 155KC UT WOS:000245575300009 PM 17413451 ER PT J AU Koyama, T Miyake, Y Kurita, H AF Koyama, Tomonori Miyake, Yuko Kurita, Hiroshi TI Parental ages at birth of children with pervasive developmental disorders are higher than those of children in the general population SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE maternal age; paternal age; pervasive developmental disorders ID PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MATERNAL AGE; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS AB To examine whether parental ages at birth of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are elevated, maternal/paternal ages at birth of 309 PDD children born in 1993-2003 (mean age, 8.4 years) were compared with those of children in the Japanese national statistics (general population). The mean maternal/paternal ages (years) at birth of PDD children of 31.7/34.6 were significantly higher even than the highest mean maternal/paternal ages at birth of children of 31.2/33.6 in the national statistics in 2003. This first Japanese study to report elevated parental ages at birth of PDD children underscores the need of further extensive studies. C1 Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, NIMH, Dept Mental Hlth Adm, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan. RP Koyama, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, NIMH, Dept Mental Hlth Adm, 4-1-1 Ogawa Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. 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Neurosci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 200 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01639.x PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 141SZ UT WOS:000244600300012 PM 17362441 ER PT J AU Kamio, Y Fujita, T Tobimatsu, S AF Kamio, Y. Fujita, T. Tobimatsu, S. TI Subliminal face perception in autism spectrum disorder: An event-related potential study SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Fukuoka 812, Japan. NIMH, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1323-1316 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP S17 EP S17 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 141SZ UT WOS:000244600300079 ER PT J AU Shinohe, A Hashimoto, K Nakamura, K Tsujii, M Iwata, Y Matsuzaki, H Sugiyama, T Iyo, M Takei, N Mori, N AF Shinohe, A. Hashimoto, K. Nakamura, K. Tsujii, M. Iwata, Y. Matsuzaki, H. Sugiyama, T. Iyo, M. Takei, N. Mori, N. TI Increased serum levels of glutamate in adult patients with autism SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 43131, Japan. Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Toyota, Japan. Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, Chiba, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Osaka Hamamatsu Joint Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 43131, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Osaka Hamamatsu Joint Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chiba, Japan. Chiba Univ, Aichi Childrens Hlth & Med Ctr, Chiba, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1323-1316 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP S17 EP S17 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 141SZ UT WOS:000244600300078 ER PT J AU Pellicano, L AF Pellicano, Liz TI Autism as a developmental disorder - Tracking changes across time SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; CHILDREN; MIND; AGE; ADOLESCENCE; PREVALENCE; CONTINUITY C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP Pellicano, L (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. 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Krantz, Patricia J. TI Effects of superimposition and background fading on the sight-word reading of a boy with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Stimulus fading; Stimulus superimposition; Reading AB We used a multiple-baseline design across materials to assess the effects of stimulus superimposition and background fading oil the sight-word reading skills of a 6-year-old boy with autism. Before the study began, the boy was taught to make verbal responses when shown 15 photographs of physical education activities and equipment. During baseline and teaching, probes of target words relevant to the photographs (e.g., slide, swing) were conducted in discrete-trial sessions. When teaching began, three sets of tat-get sight words were successively superimposed oil photographs of the corresponding activities and backgrounds were then faded by removing portions of the photographs until only the text was visible. After all fading steps were completed, the student correctly read 14-15 of the 15 target words and these skills maintained on a 44-day follow up probe. Further, generalization Measures showed that reading skills transferred across text size and color. Superimposition and background fading quickly expanded the sight-word reading repertoire of a youngster with autism. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Birkan, Binyamin] TOHUM Fdn Early Diag & Educ Autism, Istanbul, Turkey. [McClannahan, Lynn E.; Krantz, Patricia J.] Princeton Child Dev Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Birkan, B (reprint author), TOHUM Fdn Early Diag & Educ Autism, Istanbul, Turkey. EM info@pedi.org CR BIJOU SW, 1968, INT REV RES MENT RET, V3, P65, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60008-7 Cameron M. 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E., 1999, ACTIVITY SCHEDULES C Sidman M., 1966, INT REV RES MENT RET, V2, P151 SMEETS PM, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P261, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90008-4 TERRACE HS, 1963, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V6, P1, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-1 Yilmaz I, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P171 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.08.003 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QT UT WOS:000206059900001 ER PT J AU Lee, LC David, AB Rusyniak, J Landa, R Newschaffer, CJ AF Lee, Li-Ching David, Angeline B. Rusyniak, Julie Landa, Rebecca Newschaffer, Craig J. TI Performance of the Social Communication Questionnaire in children receiving preschool special education services SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ); Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); Early childhood screening; Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve AB To assess the performance of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) in identifying children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), this study screened 268 children identified as receiving preschool special education services. Parent-reported ASD diagnosis, education department recorded autism special education classification, ADI-R autism, and ADOS autism and ASD were considered as alternative criterion measures of ASD diagnosis. The validity of the SCQ in this population was examined, with a special focus on examining alternative cut-points for indicating ASD. The predictive ability of the SCQ in this population was comparable to that reported for other samples. In addition, findings suggested that a cut-point below the recommended threshold would likely be useful for research studies seeking to identify ASD cases from the population of children receiving special education services. The cut-point selected for use in clinical settings may, however, differ. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Li-Ching; David, Angeline B.; Rusyniak, Julie; Landa, Rebecca; Newschaffer, Craig J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Autism & Dev Disabil Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Rusyniak, Julie; Landa, Rebecca] Kenned Krieger Inst, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lee, LC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Autism & Dev Disabil Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E6032, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM llee2@jhsph.edu CR Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Baird G, 2001, ARCH DIS CHILD, V84, P468, DOI 10.1136/adc.84.6.468 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Bryson SE, 2003, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V48, P506 Butter EM, 2003, PEDIATR ANN, V32, P677 CORSELLO C, 2003, SOC RES CHILD DEV SR CORSELLO C, 2004, 3 INT M AUT RES IMFA CORSELLO C, 2005, 4 INT M AUT RES IMFA Cox A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P719, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00488 de Bildt A, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P129 EAVES LC, 2006, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, V27, pS95 Eaves LC, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P229, DOI 10.1177/1362361306063288 Filipek PA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P468 Hanson E, 2002, INT M AUT RES IMFAR Hertz-Picciotto I, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, P1119, DOI 10.1289/ehp.8483 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 *MD STAT DEP ED, 2005, SPEC SERV INF SYST M OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 Rutter M., 2003, SCQ SOCIAL COMMUNICA Stone WL, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P219, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098003370 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.08.004 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QT UT WOS:000206059900002 ER PT J AU Schlosser, RW Sigafoos, J Luiselli, JK Angermeier, K Harasymowyz, U Schooley, K Belfiore, PJ AF Schlosser, Ralf W. Sigafoos, Jeff Luiselli, James K. Angermeier, Katie Harasymowyz, Ulana Schooley, Katherine Belfiore, Phil J. TI Effects of synthetic speech output on requesting and natural speech production in children with autism: A preliminary study SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Assistive technology; Augmentative and alternative communication; Autism; Developmental disabilities; Effectiveness; Efficiency; Natural speech production; Requesting; Speech output AB Requesting is often taught as an initial target during augmentative and alternative communication intervention in children With autism. Speech-generaring devices are purported to have advantages over non-electronic systems due to their synthetic speech output. On the other hand, it has been argued that speech output, being in the auditory modality, may not be compatible with the processing preferences of learners with autism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether five children with autism and little or no functional speech learn to request more efficiently when provided with speech output during instruction (SPEECH condition) rather than without speech output (NO-SPEECH condition). A secondary purpose was to monitor changes in natural speech production. An adapted alternating treatments design was Used to evaluate the relative effectiveness and efficiency of both conditions. The results showed frequent requesting under both conditions. Two students requested more effectively with speech Output and One student requested more effectively without speech output while there wits no difference for the remaining two students. In terms of elicited vocalizations, only one student showed sonic improvement. The other children did not show any improvement in natural speech production. These data extend previous research on the effects of speech Output on requesting in children with autism. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schlosser, Ralf W.; Angermeier, Katie; Schooley, Katherine] Northeastern Univ, Dept Speech Language Pathol & Audiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sigafoos, Jeff] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Schlosser, RW (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Speech Language Pathol & Audiol, 151C Forsyth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM R.Schlosser@neu.edu CR Beukelman D., 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3rd Blischak DM, 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P170, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600305 Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 Bondy A. 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Disord. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 139 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.10.001 PG 25 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QT UT WOS:000206059900003 ER PT J AU Hilton, C Graver, K LaVesser, P AF Hilton, Claudia Graver, Kathleen LaVesser, Patricia TI Relationship between social competence and sensory processing in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's disorder; Social responsiveness; Pervasive developmental disorders AB Purpose: This Study examines the relationship between social competence and sensory processing in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Methodolog: Children, ages 6-10 (N = 36), with high functioning autism spectrum disorders were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Sensory Profile (SP). A bivariate correlational design was used to compare the scores (Spearman Rank Correlational Coefficient). Results: Significant differences were seen between mild to moderate and severe categories of SRS scores, based on Mann-Whitney U test (p < .05). Moderate to strong correlations were found between the SRS scores and all four sensory processing quadrant scores. Conclusions: This study adds a clearer understanding of the relationship between sensory processing and social competence for children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. The degree of correlation indicates that sensory processing is a function of severity within autism spectrum disorders and may be an important factor to consider when addressing the social performance of these children. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hilton, Claudia; Graver, Kathleen] St Louis Univ, Dept Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [LaVesser, Patricia] Washington Univ, Program Occupat Therapy, St Louis, MO USA. RP Hilton, C (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, 3437 Caroline St, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM hiltonca@slu.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Constantino JN, 2003, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V60, P524, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524 Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES Coster W., 1998, SCH FUNCTION ASSESSM *DEP HLTH HUM SERV, 2006, COMM AUT SPECTR DIS Dunn W, 2001, AM J OCCUP THER, V55, P608 Dunn W, 1997, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V9, P23 Dunn W., 1999, SENSORY PROFILE Dunn W., 2002, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V17, P172, DOI 10.1177/10883576020170030701 Dunn W, 2002, AM J OCCUP THER, V56, P97 Gillberg C, 2000, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V102, P321, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x Howlin P, 2000, AUTISM, V4, P63, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001005 Howlin P., 1998, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV, P209 Liss M, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P155, DOI 10.1177/1362361306062021 Myles BS, 2004, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V39, P283 Nordin V, 1998, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V97, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09970.x Pfeiffer B, 2005, AM J OCCUP THER, V59, P335 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Watling RL, 2001, AM J OCCUP THER, V55, P416 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.10.002 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QT UT WOS:000206059900004 ER PT J AU Naoi, N Yokoyama, K Yamamoto, J AF Naoi, Nozomi Yokoyama, Kumiko Yamamoto, Jun-ichi TI Intervention for tact as reporting in children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Tact; Reporting; Verbal behavior; Children with autism AB Many children with autism have severe difficulty in 'reporting' on events at schools to mothers at home despite their ability to tact some objects and actions in discrete trial setting. Many studies have attempted to establish tact as labeling in children with autism. Few studies, however, have attempted to establish tact as a functional communication skill. The conditions under which children with autism acquired tact regarding objects and events that are remote in time and space from the listener was investigated in three children with autism. A multiple-baseline design was implemented to evaluate intervention effects. Animated cartoons or still Pictures were used as stimuli and the children were required to walk to see a Stimulus, observe it, walk back to an adult listener, and tact what they had seen. In the baseline condition, no participants were able to sufficiently tact after moving 1-m from the Stimulus. Then tacting was trained using vocal prompts. Through this procedure, all children acquired tact for untrained events that were remote in time and space from their mothers. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Naoi, Nozomi; Yokoyama, Kumiko; Yamamoto, Jun-ichi] Keio Univ, Dept Psychol, Tokyo 108, Japan. RP Naoi, N (reprint author), Keio Univ, Dept Psychol, Tokyo 108, Japan. EM nnaoi@psy.flet.keio.ac.jp CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 DUKER PC, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P39, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90004-4 FIVUSH R, 1988, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V11, P337 FUSHIMI T, 1997, INTRO APPL BEHAV ANA, P40 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 Hartman Ellie C, 2005, Anal Verbal Behav, V21, P135 Ikuzawa M., 2002, KYOTO SCALE PSYCHOL INOUE M, 2001, LANGUAGE BEHAV BASIC, P119 NELSON K, 1992, HUM DEV, V35, P172 NELSON K, 1993, PSYCHOL SCI, V4, P7, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00548.x Nuzzolo-Gomez Robin, 2004, Anal Verbal Behav, V20, P63 PARTINGTON JW, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P733, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-733 Skinner B. 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Mehta, Jyutika A. TI Examining sensory quadrants in autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sensory quadrants; Sensory Profile; Low Registration; Sensation Seeking; Sensation Sensitivity; Sensation Avoidance AB The purpose of this study was to examine sensory quadrants in autism based on Dunn's Theory of Sensory Processing. The data for this study was collected as part of a cross-sectional study that examined sensory processing (using the Sensory Profile) in 103 persons with autism, 3-43 years of age, compared to 103 age- and gender-matched community controls. Sensory quadrants (Low Registration, Sensation Seeking, Sensation Sensitivity, and Sensation Avoidance) oil the Sensory Profile are different in persons with autism as compared to community controls, with persons with autism engaging in the behaviors more frequently than the controls. This study provides further evidence of sensory differences in autism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kern, Janet K.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Garver, Carolyn R.] Autism Treatment Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. [Andrews, Alonzo A.] Autism Treatment Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Mehta, Jyutika A.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Kern, JK (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, 6363 Forest Pk Rd,Suite 13-354, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.09.002 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QT UT WOS:000206059900006 ER PT J AU Alpert, M AF Alpert, Mark TI The autism diet SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT News Item AB Parents of children suffering from autism, which is characterized by impaired social and communication skills, fervently describe astounding improvements that occur as soon as gluten and casein are removed from their daily diets. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD APR PY 2007 VL 296 IS 4 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 175FM UT WOS:000246998400013 PM 17479620 ER PT J AU Bailon-Moreno, R Jurado-Alameda, E Ruiz-Banos, R Courtial, JP Jimenez-Contreras, E AF Bailon-Moreno, Rafael Jurado-Alameda, Encarnacion Ruiz-Banos, Rosario Courtial, Jean Pierre Jimenez-Contreras, Evaristo TI The pulsing structure of science: Ortega y Gasset, Saint Matthew, fractality and transfractality SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID SCIENTIFIC NETWORKS; MODEL; DYNAMICS; TRANSLATION; COCITATIONS; AUTISM AB By a new fractal/transfractal geometry of the Unified Scientometric Model, it is possible to demonstrate that science presents an oscillating or pulsing dynamic. It goes alternatively through two types of phases. Some phases are fractal, with crystalline networks, where the Matthew effect clearly manifests itself with regard to the most notable actors and those that provide the best contributions. 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TI Pragmatic language assessment - A pragmatics-as-social practice model SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE language assessment; pragmatic language skills; social cultural practices ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; ABILITIES; TOOL AB Pragmatic language skills are important for developing relationships with others, and for communicating with a range of interlocutors in a variety of contexts, including preschool and elementary school classrooms. Pragmatic language difficulties frequently are a primary area of disability for children diagnosed with autism, Asperger's syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, or with a history of maltreatment, but difficulty in this area also can occur for children who do not have specific developmental disabilities. Assessment is made more complex because pragmatic language skills are manifestations of social and cultural practices learned within historical process of economic, political, and cultural relations. Therefore, it is important for communication professionals to have access to user-friendly tools that can be used efficiently to produce accurate data about many areas of pragmatic language skills. This article provides the conceptual basis and analysis of a new pragmatic language assessment tool being developed for diverse populations in the preschool and early elementary school years. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. RP Hyter, YD (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. 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PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 128 EP 145 PG 18 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 173OB UT WOS:000246881300005 ER PT J AU Timler, GR Vogler-Elias, D McGill, KF AF Timler, Geralyn R. Vogler-Elias, Dawn McGill, K. Fay TI Strategies for promoting generalization of social communication skills in preschoolers and school-aged children SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE generalization; language impairment; peer interactions; preschoolers; school-aged children; social communication skills ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; TREATMENT PACKAGE; PEER INTERACTION; SELF-MANAGEMENT; INTERVENTION; AUTISM; BEHAVIORS; STUDENTS; ACCESS AB Effective social communication interventions achieve 2 outcomes: enhancement of language and social skills and generalization of these skills during authentic interactions with peers. This article describes intervention contexts and strategies for promoting generalization of social communication skills in children with language impairments. Environmental arrangement, teacher-mediated, peer-mediated, and clinician-mediated intervention contexts are reviewed. Evidence-based strategies for promoting generalization in the clinician-mediated context are highlighted. A case study is presented to illustrate how a combination of generalization strategies was used to facilitate a preschooler's social communication skills as he attempted to enter peer group activities in his classroom. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Timler, GR (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 122 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. 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PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 167 EP 181 PG 15 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 173OB UT WOS:000246881300007 ER PT J AU Goldstein, H Schneider, N Thiemann, K AF Goldstein, Howard Schneider, Naomi Thiemann, Kathy TI Peer-mediated social communication intervention - When clinical expertise informs treatment development and evaluation SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE developmental disabilities; evidence-based practice; peer intervention; social communication; social interaction ID SCRIPT-FADING PROCEDURE; WITHDRAWN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SOCIODRAMATIC PLAY; INTERACTION SKILLS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; INITIATIONS; DISABILITIES; MAINTENANCE; CHILDHOOD AB This article provides an overview of 3 approaches to peer-mediated intervention that have been effective in improving the social and communicative interactions among young children with autism and other developmental disabilities and their classmates without disabilities. These empirically supported peer-mediated interventions involve teaching facilitative initiation and responsive interaction strategies to peers, teaching sociodramatic scripts, and incorporating written text and graphic cueing. The article also shows how these approaches have been developed in a research program spanning two decades to illustrate how progress in peer-mediated interventions related to social communication development has benefited from the combination of clinical expertise and a data-driven, inductive approach to developing improved procedures. This review illustrates the importance of the development process as one continually refines and improves procedures that contribute to the documentation of empirically supported treatments. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Kansas, Juniper Gardens Childrens Project, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 182 EP 199 PG 18 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 173OB UT WOS:000246881300008 ER PT J AU Feasby, T Banwell, B Benstead, T Bril, V Brouwers, M Freedman, M Hahn, A Hume, H Freedman, J Pi, D Wadsworth, L AF Feasby, Tom Banwell, Brenda Benstead, Timothy Bril, Vera Brouwers, Melissa Freedman, Mark Hahn, Angelika Hume, Heather Freedman, John Pi, David Wadsworth, Louis TI Guidelines on the use of intravenous immune globulin for neurologic conditions SO TRANSFUSION MEDICINE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY; MULTIFOCAL MOTOR NEUROPATHY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; OPSOCLONUS-POLYMYOCLONIA SYNDROME; CRITICAL ILLNESS POLYNEUROPATHY; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; ONSET RASMUSSENS-ENCEPHALITIS; REMITTING MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS AB Canada's per capita use of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) grew by approximately 115% between 1998 and 2006, making Canada one of the world's highest per capita users of IVIG. It is believed that most of this growth is attributable to off-label usage. To help ensure IVIG use is in keeping with an evidence-based approach to the practice of medicine, the National Advisory Committee on Blood and Blood Products (NAC) and Canadian Blood Services convened a panel of national experts to develop an evidence-based practice guideline on the use of IVIG for neurologic conditions. The mandate of the expert panel was to review evidence regarding use of IVIG for 22 neurologic conditions and formulate recommendations on IVIG use for each. A panel of 6 clinical experts, one expert in practice guideline development and 4 representatives from the NAC met to review the evidence and reach consensus on the recommendations for the use of IVIG. The primary sources used by the panel were 2 recent evidence-based reviews. Recommendations were based on interpretation of the available evidence and, where evidence was lacking, consensus of expert clinical opinion. A draft of the practice guideline was circulated to neurologists in Canada for feedback. The results of this process were reviewed by the expert panel, and modifications to the draft guideline were made where appropriate. This practice guideline will provide the NAC with a basis for making recommendations to provincial and territorial health ministries regarding IVIG use management. Recommendations for use of IVIG were made for 14 conditions, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, dermatomyositis, diabetic neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, multifocal motor neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, opsoclonus-myoclonus, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, polymyositis, Rasmussen's encephalitis, and stiff person syndrome; IVIG was not recommended for 8 conditions including adrenoleukodystrophy, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, autism, critical illness polyneuropathy, inclusion body, myositis, intractable childhood epilepsy, paraproteinemic neuropathy (IgM variant), and POEMS syndrome. Development and dissemination of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines may help to facilitate appropriate use of IVIG. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. RP Hume, H (reprint author), Canadian Blood Serv, 1800 Alta Vista Dr, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada. 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PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 355 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.127 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 142HX UT WOS:000244641200008 PM 17292328 ER PT J AU Cho, IH Yoo, HJ Park, M Lee, YS Kim, SA AF Cho, In Hee Yoo, Hee Jeong Park, Mira Lee, Young Sik Kim, Soon Ae TI Family-based association study of 5-HTTLPFL and the 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorder in Korean trios SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 5-HTTLPR; HTR2A; autism spectrum disorder (ASD); single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); association ID SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; PROMOTER REGION POLYMORPHISM; TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; BLOOD SEROTONIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; VARIANTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDREN AB The potential role of the serotoninergic system in the development of autistic disorder has long been suggested based on the observation of hyperserotoninemia in autistic subjects and the results of drug treatment studies. Promoter region polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and the 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) have been studied as potential candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of this family-based linkage/association study is to evaluate the relationship between ASD and 5-HTTLPR as well as that between some SNPs of HTR2A and ASD in Korean trios by using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Genotyping, was performed for 5-HTTLPR and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-1438G/A and 102T/C) of HTR2A. The TDT, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis and haplotype analysis were performed. This study comprised 126 complete trios of ASD patients and both parents. With regard to the transmission of 5-HTTLPR, the long allelic variant was preferentially transmitted in the ASD subjects. Based on the TDT results, there was no significant difference in the transmission of the two SNPs of HTR2A. 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PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 1139 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.002 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 148YW UT WOS:000245114300005 PM 17280648 ER PT J AU Hohmann, CF Walker, EM Boylan, CB Blue, ME AF Hohmann, Christine F. Walker, Ellen M. Boylan, Carolyn B. Blue, Mary E. TI Neonatal serotonin depletion alters behavioral responses to spatial change and novelty SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE serotonin; cerebral cortex; ontogenesis; mouse; autism; behavior ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM-DISORDER; KNOCK-OUT MICE; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; THALAMOCORTICAL AXONS; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; TRANSPORTER GENE AB Multiple brain disorders that show serotonergic imbalances have a developmental onset. Experimental models indicate a role for serotonin as a morphogen in brain development. To selectively study the effects of serotonin depletions on cortical structural development and subsequent behavior, we developed a mouse model in which a serotonin neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), is injected into the medial forebrain bundle (mfb) on the day of birth. Littermates with saline injections into the mfb and age matched mice served as controls. This study characterized the extent and duration of serotonergic denervation after the selective neonatal lesion and investigated effects on exploratory behavior, spatial learning and anxiety in mice of both sexes. We report significant decreases in the serotonergic (5-HT) innervation to cortex and hippocampus, but not to subcortical forebrain structures in 5,7-DHT-lesioned mice. The depletion of 5-HT fibers in cortical areas was long lasting in lesioned mice but autoradiographic binding to high affinity S-HT transporters was only transiently reduced. Male but not female lesioned mice reduced their exploration significantly in response to spatial rearrangement and object novelty, suggesting increased anxiety in response to change but normal spatial cognition. our data show that developmental disruptions in the serotonergic innervation of cortex and hippocampus are sufficient to induce permanent, sex specific, behavioral alterations. These results may have significant implications for understanding brain disorders presenting with cortical morphogenetic abnormalities and altered serotonin neurotransmission, such as autism, schizophrenia and affective disorders. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Morgan State Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Sekine, Yoshimoto Suzuki, Katsuaki Suda, Shiro Matsuzaki, Hideo Kawai, Masayoshi Minabe, Yoshio Yagi, Atsuko Takei, Nori Sugiyama, Toshiro Mori, Norio TI Decreased serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor in male adults with high-functioning autism SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; developmental disorders; ELISA; hepatocyte growth factor; human blood ID OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE; INTERNEURON DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; EPILEPSY; NEURONS; HGF AB Background: The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of autism are currently unknown. Given the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in brain development, we hypothesized that HGF plays a role in the pathophysiology of autism. In this study, we studied whether serum HGF levels are altered in subjects with high-functioning autism. Methods: Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we measured serum levels of HGF in 17 male adults with high-functioning autism and age-matched 18 male healthy subjects. Results: The serum levels (503.5 +/- 160.5 pg/mL (mean +/- SD)) of HGF in the subjects with high-functioning autism were significantly (Mann-Whitney U=34.0,p < 0.001) lower than those (817.6 +/- 232.4 mu g/mL (mean SD)) of control subjects. However, there were no correlations between serum HGF levels and clinical variables in the patients. Conclusions: This study suggests that reduced HGF levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of high-functioning autism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Shizuoka, Japan. Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Aichi Childrens Hlth & Med Ctr, Aichi, Japan. 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Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 412 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.10.010 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 144PQ UT WOS:000244808800017 PM 17157424 ER PT J AU Shinohe, A Hashimoto, K Nakamura, K Tsujii, M Iwata, Y Tsuchiya, KJ Sekine, Y Suda, S Suzuki, K Sugihara, G Matsuzaki, H Minabe, Y Sugiyama, T Kawai, M Iyo, M Takei, N Mori, N AF Shinohe, Atsuko Hashimoto, Kenji Nakamura, Kazuhiko Tsujii, Masatsugu Iwata, Yasuhide Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Sekine, Yoshimoto Suda, Shiro Suzuki, Katsuaki Sugihara, Gen-ichi Matsuzaki, Hideo Minabe, Yoshio Sugiyama, Toshiro Kawai, Masayoshi Iyo, Masaomi Takei, Nori Mori, Norio TI Increased serum levels of glutamate in adult patients with autism (vol 30, pg 1472, 2006) SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Correction C1 Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Aichi 4700393, Japan. Aichi Childrens Hlth & Med Ctr, Aichi 4748710, Japan. Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chiba 2608670, Japan. RP Hashimoto, K (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 2608670, Japan. EM hashimoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp CR Shinohe A, 2006, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V30, P1472, DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-5846 J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 590 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.11.001 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 144PQ UT WOS:000244808800052 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, K Iwata, Y Nakamura, K Tsujii, M Tsuchiya, KJ Sekine, Y Suzuki, K Minabe, Y Takei, N Iyo, M Mori, N AF Hashimoto, Kenji Iwata, Yasuhide Nakamura, Kazuhiko Tsujii, Masatsugu Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Sekine, Yoshimoto Suzuki, Katsuaki Minabe, Yoshio Takei, Nori Iyo, Masaomi Mori, Norio TI Reduced serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adult male patients with autism (vol 30, pg 1529, 2006) SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Correction C1 Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 43131, Japan. Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Aichi, Japan. Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chiba, Japan. RP Hashimoto, K (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 2608670, Japan. EM hashimoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp CR Hashimoto K, 2006, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V30, P1529, DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.018 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-5846 J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 592 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.11.002 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 144PQ UT WOS:000244808800054 ER PT J AU Reichenberg, A Smith, C Schmeidler, J Silverman, JM AF Reichenberg, Abraham Smith, Christopher Schmeidler, James Silverman, Jeremy M. TI Birth order effects on autism symptom domains SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorders; autism diagnostic interview; speech; siblings; first vs. second born ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; MULTIPLEX FAMILIES; NONVERBAL IQ; INDIVIDUALS; INTERVIEW; PARENTS AB Autism is predominantly genetically determined. Evidence supports familiality of the main sets of behavioral characteristics that define the syndrome of autism; however, possible non-genetic effects have also been suggested. The present study compared levels of autism symptom domains, as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview, and useful phrase speech scores between 106 pairs of first- and second-born siblings from multiply affected families. In addition, the intercorrelations between the measures were compared between siblings. The overall mean repetitive behavior total score was significantly higher (worse) in first-born than in second-born siblings. In contrast, first-born siblings had significantly lower (better) useful phrase speech than their younger siblings. Autism social and non-verbal communication scores were significantly correlated in first- and in second-born siblings. However, there was a significant difference in the coefficients between first- and second-born siblings. Performance on the non-verbal communication domain was also significantly and positively correlated with useful phrase speech score in both first- and second-born siblings. It is unclear at this time whether these results are of biologic origin. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that genetic studies in autism using specific levels of familial autism traits as phenotypes should take into account their intercorrelations and birth order effects embedded in the instrument. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Bronx Vet Adm Med Ctr, Psychiat Serv, Bronx, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biomath Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Reichenberg, A (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Box 1230,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. 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PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 150 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.09.012 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 157HH UT WOS:000245708900011 PM 17289158 ER PT J AU Hilton, S Petticrew, M Hunt, K AF Hilton, Shona Petticrew, Mark Hunt, Kate TI Parents' champions vs. vested interests: Who do parents believe about MMR? A qualitative study SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-KINGDOM; VACCINATION; MEASLES; IMMUNIZATION; AUTISM; TRUST; MUMPS; RISK; COMMUNICATION; COMMUNITIES AB Background: Despite the Government acting quickly to reassure parents about MMR safety following the publication of the 1998 paper by Wakefield and colleagues, MMR uptake declined. One of the reasons suggested for this decline is a loss of public trust in politicians and health professionals. The purpose of this analysis was to examine parents' views on the role the media, politicians and health professionals have played in providing credible evidence about MMR safety. Methods: A qualitative focus group study conducted with parents living in Central Scotland. Eighteen focus groups were conducted with 72 parents ( 64 mothers and 8 fathers) between November 2002 and March 2003. Purposive sampling was used to ensure maximum variation among parents. Results: In the period after the MMR controversy, parents found it difficult to know who to trust to offer balanced and accurate information. The general consensus was that politicians were untrustworthy in matters of health. The motives of primary health care providers were suspected by some parents, who saw them as having a range of vested interests ( including financial incentives). Among the sources of evidence seen by some parents as more credible were other parents, and Andrew Wakefield who was viewed as an important whistle-blower and champion of ordinary parents. Conclusion: The provision of accurate information is only one aspect of helping parents make immunisation decisions. Establishing and maintaining trust in the information provided is also important. The MMR controversy may provide useful lessons for health professionals about trust and credibility that may be generalisable to future health controversies. C1 MRC, Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Hilton, S (reprint author), MRC, Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. 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Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 12 BP 1303 EP 1304 DI 10.1001/jama.297.12.1303 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 150JN UT WOS:000245212600002 PM 17392229 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, BE Huber, KM AF Pfeiffer, Brad E. Huber, Kimberly M. TI Fragile X mental retardation protein induces synapse loss through acute postsynaptic translational regulation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; FMRP; hippocampus; synapse; pruning; translation ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; MESSENGER-RNA; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; DENDRITIC SPINE; MOUSE MODEL; SILENT SYNAPSES; I304N MUTATION; KNOCKOUT MICE; CA1 REGION; IN-VIVO AB Fragile X syndrome, as well as other forms of mental retardation and autism, is associated with altered dendritic spine number and structure. Fragile X syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein that regulates protein synthesis in vivo. 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Neurosci. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 12 BP 3120 EP 3130 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0054-07.2007 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 148VC UT WOS:000245103700008 PM 17376973 ER PT J AU Andersen, IM Malow, B Barnes, G AF Andersen, Ivy M. Malow, Beth Barnes, Gregory TI How abnormal is the overnight sleep EEG in children with autism spectrum disorders? SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology CY APR 28-MAY 05, 2007 CL Boston, MA NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 12 SU 1 BP A44 EP A44 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 149VM UT WOS:000245175000185 ER PT J AU Beversdorf, D Birmingham, DJ Arasu, V Alexander, JK Campbell, HL White, CA Hillier, A Bauman, M AF Beversdorf, David Birmingham, Daniel J. Arasu, Vignesh Alexander, Jessica K. Campbell, Heather L. White, Catherine A. Hillier, Ashleigh Bauman, Margaret TI Prenatal stress and maternal serotonin transporter protein polymorphisms in autism. SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology CY APR 28-MAY 05, 2007 CL Boston, MA NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 12 SU 1 BP A199 EP A199 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 149VM UT WOS:000245175001285 ER PT J AU Beyderman, L Botzolakis, EJ Andersen, IM Adkins, K Malow, BA AF Beyderman, Liya Botzolakis, Emmanuel J. Andersen, Ivy M. Adkins, Karen Malow, Beth A. TI Higher nocturnal urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels are associated with increased delta sleep in children with autism SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology CY APR 28-MAY 05, 2007 CL Boston, MA NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 12 SU 1 BP A154 EP A154 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 149VM UT WOS:000245175001103 ER PT J AU Malow, B Marzec, ML McGrew, SG Wang, L Henderson, L Stone, WL AF Malow, Beth Marzec, Mary L. McGrew, Susan G. Wang, Lily Henderson, Lynnette Stone, Wendy L. TI Sleep in children with autism: Relation of parental sleep concerns to polysomnography, daytime behavior, and autism symptomatology SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology CY APR 28-MAY 05, 2007 CL Boston, MA NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 12 SU 1 BP A153 EP A154 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 149VM UT WOS:000245175001102 ER PT J AU Vazirian, S Abolfazli, R Mirbagheri, A Hosseini, ME Zabihi, A AF Vazirian, Samra Abolfazli, Roya Mirbagheri, Amir Hosseini, Mahmoud Eshagh Zabihi, Ali TI Relationship between autism and celiac disease: A case-control study SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology CY APR 28-MAY 05, 2007 CL Boston, MA NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 68 IS 12 SU 1 BP A48 EP A48 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 149VM UT WOS:000245175000202 ER PT J AU Campistol, J Arias-Dimas, A Poo, P Pineda, M Hoffman, M Vilaseca, MA Artuch, R Ribes, A AF Campistol, J. Arias-Dimas, A. Poo, P. Pineda, M. Hoffman, M. Vilaseca, M. A. Artuch, R. Ribes, A. TI Cerebral creatine transporter deficiency: An infradiagnosed neurometabolic disease SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE arginine; autism; creatine; developmental delay; epilepsy; language delay; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; transporter ID GUANIDINOACETATE METHYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY; LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; GLYCINE AMIDINOTRANSFERASE; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; INBORN ERROR; METABOLISM; DEFECT; MUTATIONS; DIAGNOSIS; ARGININE AB Introduction. Brain creatine deficiencies are a group of inborn errors of metabolism recently recognized which are caused by arginine: glycine amidinotrans/erase (AGAT) deficiency, guanidinoacetate metiltransferase (GAMT) deficiency and defects in creatine transporter (CRTR). Although all of them arc characterized by a brain creatine deficiency, clinical and biochemical features are different. Case reports. We present a retrospective study about four patients of masculine sex affected of creatine transporter defects who were recently diagnosed in our Centre. We describe the clinical presentation features, the different tests that we used in the diagnosis process (brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy, biochemical analysis of guanidino-acetate and creatine/creatinine ratio in urine), evolution aspects and the response to treatment. The most significative clinical feature was developmental delay mainly in expressive speech, they also presented epilepsy (three cases), autism (three cases), hypotonia (one case) and microcephalia (one case). Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showed a low (three cases) or an absence (one case) of creatine level. To confirm the defect we studied the creatine uptake in fibroblasts and molecular analysis of the SLC6A8/creatine transporter gene. Patients with creatine transporter deficiency arc being treated with arginine, because a lack of response to creatine. Conclusion. Cerebral creatine transporter deficiency can present with different neurological symptoms but developmental and language delay and epilepsy are the most significative; diagnosis is easy and there are some therapeutical options. C1 Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Sant Joan Deu, Serv Neurol, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Sant Joan Deu, Serv Bioquim, Barcelona, Spain. Corporacio Sanitaria Hosp Clin, Inst Bioquim Clin, Barcelona, Spain. RP Campistol, J (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Sant Joan Deu, Serv Neurol, Pg Sant Joan Deu 2, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain. 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Neurologia PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 154AM UT WOS:000245479200005 PM 17385170 ER PT J AU Herman, GE Butter, E Enrile, B Pastore, M Prior, TW Sommer, A AF Herman, Gail E. Butter, Eric Enrile, Benedicta Pastore, Matthew Prior, Thomas W. Sommer, Annemarie TI Increasing knowledge of PTEN germline mutations: Two additional patients with autism and macrocephaly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE autism; PTEN; macrocephaly ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COWDEN-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; CHILDREN; LINKAGE; GENE; DISEASE; SUBSET; FAMILY AB Recently, Butler et al. [2005; J Med Genet 42:318-321] reported the presence of heterozygous germline mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in three children with autism and macrocephaly. Here, we report the presence of PTEN mutations in two additional unrelated children with macrocephaly and autism. 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In particular, individuals with autism have distinct difficulties in interpreting social cues such as facial expressions, leading to severe social impairment (Hill and Frith 2003). The neurohypophyseal peptide oxytocin is well known for its physiological functions in labor and lactation. In addition, oxytocin receptors are distributed in various brain areas (Landgraf and Neumann 2004) that are associated with social behavior, including reproductive and parenting behaviors, affiliation and attachment, social memory, and reactivity to social stress in nonhuman mammals (Carter 1998; Ferguson et al 2000; Young and Wang 2004). Neuropeptides have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier after intranasal administration (Born et al 2002), with several studies reporting direct effects on human behavior (Heinrichs et al 2003, 2004; Kosfeld et al 2005). In particular, oxytocin appears to reduce responses to social stress and to increase trust in social interaction (Heinrichs et al 2003; Kosfeld et al 2005). Because mind-reading is an essential basis of human social interaction and oxytocin has been shown to modulate social approach behavior, we hypothesized that oxytocin might also promote mind-reading in humans. Specifically, oxytocin was expected to improve performance in a task testing the ability to infer the affective mental state of others from subtle facial cues. C1 Univ Rostock, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-18147 Rostock, Germany. Univ Zurich, Inst Psychol, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Domes, G (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Gehlsheimer Str 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany. 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Psychiatry PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 731 EP 733 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.015 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 147KU UT WOS:000245002700002 PM 17137561 ER PT J AU Bethea, TC Sikich, L AF Bethea, T. C. Sikich, L. TI Early pharmacological treatment of autism: A rationale for development treatment (vol 61, pg 521, 2007) SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Correction CR Bethea TC, 2007, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V61, P521, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.021 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 826 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.02.005 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 147KU UT WOS:000245002700015 ER PT J AU Hogart, A Nagarajan, RP Patzel, KA Yasui, DH LaSalle, JM AF Hogart, Amber Nagarajan, Raman P. Patzel, Katherine A. Yasui, Dag H. LaSalle, Janine M. TI 15q11-13 GABA(A) receptor genes are normally biallelically expressed in brain yet are subject to epigenetic dysregulation in autism-spectrum disorders SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; ALLELE-SPECIFIC REPLICATION; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME GENE; CPG-BINDING-PROTEIN; RETT-SYNDROME; METHYL-CPG; IN-VIVO; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENE/TRANSCRIPT EXPRESSION; CHROMOSOME 15Q11-Q13 AB Human chromosome 15q11-13 is a complex locus containing imprinted genes as well as a cluster of three GABA(A) receptor subunit (GABR) genes-GABRB3, GABRA5 and GABRG3. Deletion or duplication of 15q11-13 GABR genes occurs in multiple human neurodevelopmental disorders including Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), Angelman syndrome (AS) and autism. GABRB3 protein expression is also reduced in Rett syndrome (RTT), caused by mutations in MECP2 on Xq28. Although Gabrb3 is biallelically expressed in mouse brain, conflicting data exist regarding the imprinting status of the 15q11-13 GABR genes in humans. Using coding single nucleotide polymorphisms we show that all three GABR genes are biallelically expressed in 21 control brain samples, demonstrating that these genes are not imprinted in normal human cortex. Interestingly, four of eight autism and one of five RTT brain samples showed monoallelic or highly skewed allelic expression of one or more GABR gene, suggesting that epigenetic dysregulation of these genes is common to both disorders. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of PWS and AS samples with paternal and maternal 15q11-13 deletions revealed a paternal expression bias of GABRB3, while RTT brain samples showed a significant reduction in GABRB3 and UBE3A. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and bisulfite sequencing in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells demonstrated that MeCP2 binds to methylated CpG sites within GABRB3. Our previous studies demonstrated that homologous 15q11-13 pairing in neurons was dependent on MeCP2 and was disrupted in RTT and autism cortex. Combined, these results suggest that MeCP2 acts as a chromatin organizer for optimal expression of both alleles of GABRB3 in neurons. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Rowe Program Human Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP LaSalle, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Rowe Program Human Genet, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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TI High density SNP association study of a major autism linkage region on chromosome 17 SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; RIGID-COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN; PROMOTER VARIANTS; HAPLOTYPE MAPS; COMPLEX TRAITS; SLC6A4; DISORDER AB A region on chromosome 17 has recently been highlighted as linked to autism (MIM[209850]) in multiple studies and evidence has accumulated suggesting that male-only families (those families that have produced only affected males) provide the major contribution to linkage at this locus. In an attempt to comprehensively test for association of common variants to autism within the region on chromosome 17 defined in Stone et al. (Stone, J.L., Merriman, B., Cantor, R.M., Yonan, A.L., Gilliam, T.C., Geschwind, D.H. and Nelson, S.F. (2004) Evidence for sex-specific risk alleles in autism spectrum disorder. Am. J. Hum. 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TI Microparticle-based delivery of oxytocin receptor antisense DNA in the medial amygdala blocks social recognition in female mice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE antisense locked nucleic acid oligonucleoticles; Social Interaction; Controlled release; poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid ID ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DRUG-DELIVERY; GENE DELIVERY; KNOCKOUT MICE; ANIMAL-MODELS; OPEN-FIELD AB Social recognition constitutes the basis of social life. In male mice and rats, social recognition is known to be governed by the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) through its action on OT receptors (OTRs) in the medial amygdala. in female rats and mice, which have sociosexual behaviors controlling substantial investment in reproduction, an important role for OT in sociosexual behaviors has also been shown. However, the site in the female brain for OT action on social recognition is still unknown. Here we used a customized, controlled release system of biodegradable polymeric microparticles to deliver, in the medial amygdala of female mice, "locked nucleic acid" antisense (AS) oligonucleotides with sequences specific for the mRNA of the OTR gene. We found that single bilateral intraamygdala injections of OTR AS locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides several days before behavioral testing reduced social recognition. Thus, we showed that gene expression for OTR specifically in the amygdala is required for normal social recognition in female mice. Importantly, during the same experiment, we performed a detailed ethological analysis of mouse behavior revealing that OTR AS-treated mice underwent an initial increase in ambivalent risk-assessment behavior. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4670 EP 4675 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700670104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700076 PM 17360582 ER PT J AU Egashira, N Tanoue, A Matsuda, T Koushi, E Harada, S Takano, Y Tsujimoto, G Mishima, K Iwasaki, K Fujiwara, M AF Egashira, Nobuaki Tanoue, Akito Matsuda, Tomomi Koushi, Emi Harada, Satoko Takano, Yukio Tsujimoto, Gozoh Mishima, Kenichi Iwasaki, Katsunori Fujiwara, Michihiro TI Impaired social interaction and reduced anxiety-related behavior in vasopressin V1a receptor knockout mice SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vasopressin; V1a receptor; knockout; social interaction; anxiety; mice ID MARBLE-BURYING BEHAVIOR; ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT; PHENCYCLIDINE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; NEURONS; AUTISM; AVPR1A; GENE AB The arginine vasopressin (AVP) system plays an important role in social behavior. Autism, with its hallmark disturbances in social behavior, has been associated with the V1a receptor (V1aR) gene. Furthermore, impairments of social function are often observed in symptoms of schizophrenia. Subchronic phencyclidine (PCP) produces behaviors relating to certain aspects of schizophrenic symptoms such as impairing social interaction in animals and it reduces the density of V1aR binding sites in several brain regions. Here, we report that V1aR knockout (KO) mice exhibited impairment of social behavior in a social interaction test, and showed reduced anxiety-related behavior in elevated plus-maze and marble-burying behavior tests. Given the current findings, the V1aR may be involved in the regulation of social interaction, and V1aR KO mice could be used as an animal model of psychiatric disorders associated with social behavior deficits, such as autism and schizophrenia. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Neuropharmacol, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Mol Cell Pharmacol, Tokyo 1578535, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Genom Drug Discovery Sci, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Neuropharmacol, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. 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Brain Res. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 1 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.009 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 147BJ UT WOS:000244978100015 PM 17227684 ER PT J AU Sacco, R Papaleo, V Hager, J Rousseau, F Moessner, R Militerni, R Bravaccio, C Trillo, S Schneider, C Melmed, R Elia, M Curatolo, P Manzi, B Pascucci, T Puglisi-Allegra, S Reichelt, KL Persico, AM AF Sacco, Roberto Papaleo, Veruska Hager, Jorg Rousseau, Francis Moessner, Rainald Militerni, Roberto Bravaccio, Carmela Trillo, Simona Schneider, Cindy Melmed, Raun Elia, Maurizio Curatolo, Paolo Manzi, Barbara Pascucci, Tiziana Puglisi-Allegra, Stefano Reichelt, Karl-Ludvig Persico, Antonio M. TI Case-control and family-based association studies of candidate genes in autistic disorder and its endophenotypes: TPH2 and GLO1 SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRYPTOPHAN-HYDROXYLASE ISOFORM; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; GLYOXALASE-I; VARIANTS; DISEQUILIBRIUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS AB Background: The TPH2 gene encodes the enzyme responsible for serotonin ( 5-HT) synthesis in the Central Nervous System ( CNS). Stereotypic and repetitive behaviors are influenced by 5-HT, and initial studies report an association of TPH2 alleles with childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and with autism. GLO1 encodes glyoxalase I, the enzyme which detoxifies alpha-oxoaldehydes such as methylglyoxal in all living cells. The A111E GLO1 protein variant, encoded by SNP C419A, was identifed in autopsied autistic brains and proposed to act as an autism susceptibility factor. Hyperserotoninemia, macrocephaly, and peptiduria represent some of the best-characterized endophenotypes in autism research. Methods: Family-based and case-control association studies were performed on clinical samples drawn from 312 simplex and 29 multiplex families including 371 non-syndromic autistic patients and 156 unaffected siblings, as well as on 171 controls. TPH2 SNPs rs4570625 and rs4565946 were genotyped using the TaqMan assay; GLO1 SNP C419A was genotyped by PCR and allele-specific restriction digest. Family-based association analyses were performed by TDT and FBAT, case-control by chi(2), endophenotypic analyses for 5-HT blood levels, cranial circumference and urinary peptide excretion rates by ANOVA and FBAT. Results: TPH2 alleles and haplotypes are not significantly associated in our sample with autism ( rs4570625: TDT P = 0.27, and FBAT P = 0.35; rs4565946: TDT P = 0.45, and FBAT P = 0.55; haplotype P = 0.84), with any endophenotype, or with the presence/absence of prominent repetitive and stereotyped behaviors ( motor stereotypies: P = 0.81 and 0.84, verbal stereotypies: P = 0.38 and 0.73 for rs4570625 and rs4565946, respectively). Also GLO1 alleles display no association with autism ( 191 patients vs 171 controls, P = 0.36; TDT P = 0.79, and FBAT P = 0.37), but unaffected siblings seemingly carry a protective gene variant marked by the A419 allele ( TDT P < 0.05; patients vs unaffected siblings TDT and FBAT P < 0.00001). Conclusion: TPH2 gene variants are unlikely to contribute to autism or to the presence/absence of prominent repetitive behaviors in our sample, although an influence on the intensity of these behaviors in autism cannot be excluded. GLO1 gene variants do not confer autism vulnerability in this sample, but allele A419 apparently carries a protective effect, spurring interest into functional correlates of the C419A SNP. C1 Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, I-00155 Rome, Italy. Fdn St Lucia, IRCCS, Dept Expt Neurosci, Lab Mol Psychiat & Psychiat Genet, Rome, Italy. IntegraGen SA, Evry, France. Univ Toronto, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON, Canada. II Univ Naples, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy. ASL RM B, Rome, Italy. Ctr Autism Res & Educ, Phoenix, AZ USA. SW Autism Res & Resource Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, Unit Neurol & Clin Neurophysiopathol, Troina, EN, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, Rome, Italy. IRCCS, Fdn St Lucia, Dept Expt Neurosci, Lab Behav Neurobiol, Rome, Italy. Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Pediat Res, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Persico, AM (reprint author), Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, Univ Camus Biomed,Via Longoni 83, I-00155 Rome, Italy. 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TI CDC: Autism spectrum disorders common SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item AB This paper discusses how according to the Disease Control and Prevention Centre, Autism Spectrum Disorders are becoming increasingly more common. The paper focuses on autism, Asperger's syndrome and developmental disabilities amongst children. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 37 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 9 BP 940 EP 940 DI 10.1001/jama.297.9.940 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 143CP UT WOS:000244697900004 PM 17341698 ER PT J AU Sadakata, T Kakegawa, W Mizoguchi, A Washida, M Katoh-Semba, R Shutoh, F Okamoto, T Nakashima, H Kimura, K Tanaka, M Sekine, Y Itohara, S Yuzaki, M Nagao, S Furuichi, T AF Sadakata, Tetsushi Kakegawa, Wataru Mizoguchi, Akira Washida, Miwa Katoh-Semba, Ritsuko Shutoh, Fumihiro Okamoto, Takehito Nakashima, Hisako Kimura, Kazushi Tanaka, Mika Sekine, Yukiko Itohara, Shigeyoshi Yuzaki, Michisuke Nagao, Soichi Furuichi, Teiichi TI Impaired cerebellar development and function in mice lacking CAPS2, a protein involved in neurotrophin release SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAPS2/CADPS2; CAPS1/CADPS1; neurotrophin; BDNF; NT-3; cerebellum ID CORE VESICLE EXOCYTOSIS; CA2+-DEPENDENT ACTIVATOR; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; EYE-MOVEMENTS; GRANULE NEURONS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MESSENGER-RNA; RETT-SYNDROME; BRAIN; SECRETION AB Ca2(+)-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CAPS2/CADPS2) is a secretory granule-associated protein that is abundant at the parallel fiber terminals of granule cells in the mouse cerebellum and is involved in the release of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), both of which are required for cerebellar development. The human homolog gene on chromosome 7 is located within susceptibility locus 1 of autism, a disease characterized by several cerebellar morphological abnormalities. Here we report that CAPS2 knock-out mice are deficient in the release of NT-3 and BDNF, and they consequently exhibit suppressed phosphorylation of Trk receptors in the cerebellum; these mice exhibit pronounced impairments in cerebellar development and functions, including neuronal survival, differentiation and migration of postmitotic granule cells, dendritogenesis of Purkinje cells, lobulation between lobules VI and VII, structure and vesicular distribution of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, paired-pulse facilitation at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, rotarod motor coordination, and eye movement plasticity in optokinetic training. 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Neurosci. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2472 EP 2482 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2279-06.2007 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 143XE UT WOS:000244758900006 PM 17344385 ER PT J AU Lepisto, T Wendt, TNV von Wendt, L Naatanen, R Kujala, T AF Lepisto, Tuulia Wendt, Taina Nieminen-von von Wendt, Lennart Naatanen, Risto Kujala, Teija TI Auditory cortical change detection in adults with Asperger syndrome SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; auditory; discrimination; event-related potentials; mismatch negativity (MMN); P3a ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; SPEECH; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; STIMULI AB The present study investigated whether auditory deficits reported in children with Asperger syndrome (AS) are also present in adulthood. To this end, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from adults with AS for duration, pitch, and phonetic changes in vowels, and for acoustically matched non-speech stimuli. These subjects had enhanced mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitudes particularly for pitch and duration deviants, indicating enhanced sound-discrimination abilities. Furthermore, as reflected by the P3a, their involuntary orienting was enhanced for changes in non-speech sounds, but tended to be deficient for changes in speech sounds. The results are consistent with those reported earlier in children with AS, except for the duration-MMN, which was diminished in children and enhanced in adults. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Cognit Brain Res Unit, Dept Psychol, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Brain Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Asperger Ctr, Dextra Med Ctr, FI-00350 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Turku, Dept Psychol, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. RP Kujala, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Cognit Brain Res Unit, Dept Psychol, POB 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM tuulia.lepisto@heisinki.fi CR Alcantara JI, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00303.x Alku P, 1999, CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V110, P1329, DOI 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00088-7 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Bonnel A, 2003, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V15, P226, DOI 10.1162/089892903321208169 Ceponiene R, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P5567, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0835631100 Dawson G, 2004, DEV PSYCHOL, V40, P271, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 Dunn W, 2002, AM J OCCUP THER, V56, P97 Escera C, 1998, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V10, P590, DOI 10.1162/089892998562997 Gillberg C., 2000, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO Heaton P, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P543, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00143 Lepisto T, 2006, CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V117, P2161, DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.709 Lepisto T, 2005, BRAIN RES, V1066, P147, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.052 Mundy P, 2001, INT REV RES MENT RET, V23, P139 Naatanen R., 1992, ATTENTION BRAIN FUNC NAATANEN R, 1978, ACTA PSYCHOL, V42, P313, DOI 10.1016/0001-6918(78)90006-9 Rutherford MD, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P189, DOI 10.1023/A:1015497629971 Shriberg LD, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P1097, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/087) Swettenham J, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P747, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098002595 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2007 VL 414 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.12.009 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 146WV UT WOS:000244966300008 PM 17197079 ER PT J AU Chaste, P Nygren, G Anckarsater, H Rastam, M Coleman, M Leboyer, M Gillberg, C Betancur, C AF Chaste, Pauline Nygren, Gudrun Anckarsater, Henrik Rastam, Maria Coleman, Mary Leboyer, Marion Gillberg, Christopher Betancur, Catalina TI Mutation screening of the ARX gene in patients with autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE x chromosome; mental retardation; epilepsy ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; HOMEOBOX GENE; DISORDER; IDENTIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; INDIVIDUALS; PHENOTYPES; SEIZURES; SPECTRUM; FAMILIES AB Mutations in the Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene are associated with a broad spectrum of disorders, including nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation, sometimes associated with epilepsy, as well as syndromic forms with brain abnormalities and abnormal genitalia. Furthermore, ARX mutations have been described in a few patients with autism or autistic features. In this study, we screened the ARX gene in 226 male patients with autism spectrum disorders and mental retardation; 42 of the patients had epilepsy. The mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing of all exons and flanking regions. No ARX mutations were identified in any of the patients tested. These findings indicate that mutations in the ARX gene are very rare in autism. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Paris 12, Fac Med, INSERM, U513, F-94010 Creteil, France. Hop Robert Debre, APHP, Serv Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, F-75019 Paris, France. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Albert Chenevier Hosp, APHP, Creteil, France. Hop Henri Mondor, Dept Psychiat, F-94010 Creteil, France. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. RP Betancur, C (reprint author), Univ Paris 12, Fac Med, INSERM, U513, 9 Rue Gen Sarrail, F-94010 Creteil, France. 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J. Med. Genet. B PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 144B IS 2 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30440 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry GA 143NL UT WOS:000244729000011 PM 17044103 ER PT J AU Indredavik, MS Brubakk, AM Romundstad, P Vik, T AF Indredavik, Marit S. Brubakk, Ann-Mari Romundstad, Pal Vik, Torstein TI Prenatal smoking exposure and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE adolescent; mental health; pregnancy; tobacco smoke ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MATERNAL SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; HEALTH; AGE; CHILDHOOD; NICOTINE AB Aim: Explore associations between smoking in pregnancy and psychiatric symptoms in the adolescent offspring. Design/subjects: A prospective population based follow-up of 84 adolescents at 14 years of age, of whom 32 of the mothers reported smoking during pregnancy. Main outcome measures: The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), ADHD-Rating Scale IV, Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), estimated IQ based on four subscales of WISC-III. Results: Adolescents who were born by smokers had significantly more rule-breaking and aggressive behaviour, externalizing and total problems on the ASEBA than adolescents of non-smokers (p < 0.01), when reported by mothers, fathers and teachers. ADHD symptoms were reported more frequently (p < 0.05), and mothers also reported more internalizing symptoms (p < 0.05) and social problems (p < 0.001). The ASSQ sum score was higher (p < 0.001), and overall function as measured by the CGAS was lower (p < 0.01) for the smoking-exposed group. Associations were still present after controlling for possible confounding factors. 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Pericak-Vance, Margaret A. Martin, Eden R. TI No gene is an island: The flip-flop phenomenon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; S-TRANSFERASE OMEGA-1; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COMT GENE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ASSOCIATION; POLYMORPHISM; AUTISM; METAANALYSIS AB An increasing number of publications are replicating a previously reported disease-marker association but with the risk allele reversed from the previous report. Do such "flip-flop" associations confirm or refute the previous association findings? We hypothesized that these associations may indeed be confirmations but that multilocus effects and variation in interlocus correlations contribute to this flip-flop phenomenon. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 531 EP 538 DI 10.1086/512133 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 139AB UT WOS:000244403300015 PM 17273975 ER PT J AU Torrado, M Araoz, V Baialardo, E Abraldes, K Mazza, C Krochik, G Ozuna, B Leske, V Caino, S Fano, V Chertkoff, L AF Torrado, Maria Araoz, Veronica Baialardo, Edgardo Abraldes, Karina Mazza, Carmen Krochik, Gabriela Ozuna, Blanca Leske, Vivian Caino, Silvia Fano, Virginia Chertkoff, Lilien TI Clinical-etiologic correlation in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): An interdisciplinary study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE Prader-Willi syndrome; phenotype-genotype correlation; polysomnography; glucose metabolism; IQ ID HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; UNIPARENTAL DISOMY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ANGELMAN-SYNDROMES; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; REGION 15Q11-Q13; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; DELETION AB Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystemic disorder caused by the loss of expression of paternally transcribed genes within chromosome 15q11-q13. Most cases are due to paternal deletion of this region; the remaining cases result from maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) and imprinting defects. To better understand the phenotypic variability of PWS, a genotype-phenotype correlation study was performed in 91 children with PWS. Patients were diagnosed by Southern Blot Methylation assay and genetic subtypes were established using FISH and microsatellite analyses. Fifty-nine Subjects with deletion (31/28 males/fernales; mean age 3.86 years), 30 with UPD (14/16 males/females; mean age 3.89 years) and 2 girls with a presumed imprinting defect (mean age 0.43 yrs) were identified. For correlation purposes patients were grouped as "deleted" and "non-deleted." An increased maternal age was found in the UPD group. Four of Holm's criteria were more frequently present in the deleted group: need for special feeding techniques, sleep disturbance, hypopigmentation, and speech articulation defects. Concerning cognitive assessments, only 9.52% of subjects with deletion had Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) >= 70, while 61.53% of subjects without deletion had FSIQ >= 70. Similar results were found in behavioral measures. Sleep disorders and carbohydrate metabolism were systematically assessed. Polysomnoghaphic studies revealed a higher frequency of central events with desaturations >= 10% in the deleted group (P=0.020). In summary, the phenotype was significantly different between both groups in certain parameters related to the CNS. These results might be related to the differences in brain gene expression of the genetic subtypes. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Clin Interdisciplinarias, RA-1416 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Torrado, M (reprint author), Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Clin Interdisciplinarias, Bufano 1764, RA-1416 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 5 BP 460 EP 468 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31520 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 142PE UT WOS:000244661200007 PM 17163531 ER PT J AU Davies, PL Gavin, WJ AF Davies, Patricia L. Gavin, William J. TI Validating the diagnosis of sensory processing disorders using EEG technology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE behavior brain; electroencephalography (EEG); event-related potential (ERP); pediatric; sensory gating; sensory integration; sensory processing; sensory processing disorder (SPD) ID CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MATURATION; MODULATION; AUTISM; RECOGNITION; DYSFUNCTION; POTENTIALS; ATTENTION AB OBJECTIVE. This study tested the assumption of sensory integration theory that states that a relationship exists between brain function and the behavioral manifestations of sensory integrative dysfunction. METHOD. Electroencephalographic measures were used to examine brain processing in 28 children with sensory processing disorders (SPD) and 25 children who were typically developing, ages 5-12 years. RESULTS. Children with SPD demonstrated less sensory gating than children who were typically developing. A significant relationship between sensory gating and age was found in children who were typically developing but not in children with SPD. Brain activity correctly distinguished children with SPD from children who were typically developing with 86% accuracy. CONCLUSION. These results present empirical evidence that children with SPD display unique brain processing mechanisms compared to children who are typically developing and provide external validity for the diagnosis of SPD. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Davies, PL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, 219 Occupat Therapy, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pdavies@lamar.colostate.edu CR Arciniegas D, 1999, BRAIN INJURY, V13, P1, DOI 10.1080/026990599121827 Arnfred SM, 2004, PSYCHIAT RES, V125, P147, DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2003.12.008 Ayres A. J., 1989, SENSORY INTEGRATION Ayres A. 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N., 1999, SENSORY PROFILE EXAM, P59 McIntosh DN, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P608, DOI 10.1017/S0012162299001267 Miller U., 2001, UNDERSTANDING NATURE, P57 Moore JK, 2001, JARO, V2, P297, DOI 10.1007/s101620010052 Mulligan S, 2002, SENSORY INTEGRATION, P397 MylesWorsley M, 1996, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V39, P289, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00134-4 Olincy A, 2000, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V47, P969, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00239-0 Parham L. D., 2002, SENSORY INTEGRATION, P413 Pennington B. F., 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Pennington BF, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P13 Ceponiene R, 2002, CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V113, P870, DOI 10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00078-0 Royeen C. B., 1991, SENSORY INTEGRATION, P108 Segalowitz SJ, 2004, BRAIN COGNITION, V55, P116, DOI 10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00283-5 Segalowitz SJ, 1999, ERPSCORE PROGRAM PEA Short-DeGraff MA, 1988, HUMAN DEV OCCUPATION Stern R. M., 2001, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL Williams M. S., 1994, DOES YOUR ENGINE RUN NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC PI BETHESDA PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 176 EP 189 PG 14 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 149JE UT WOS:000245142400008 PM 17436840 ER PT J AU Tomchek, SD Dunn, W AF Tomchek, Scott D. Dunn, Winnie TI Sensory processing in children with and without autism: A comparative study using the short sensory profile SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Conference of the American-Occupational-Therapy-Association CY MAY 12-15, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Occupat Therapy Assoc DE autism; autism spectrum disorders (ASD); pediatric; sensory integration; sensory processing; Short Sensory Profile (SSP) ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; HOME VIDEOTAPES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY SYMPTOMS; BEHAVIORS; AGE; DISABILITIES; RECOGNITION AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in sensory processing among age-matched children between ages 3 and 6 years with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and those who are typically developing. METHOD. Reported sensory processing abilities of 281 children with ASD were compared to age-matched peers who were typically developing, using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). RESULTS. Ninety-five percent of the sample of children with ASD demonstrated some degree of sensory processing dysfunction on the SSP Total Score, with the greatest differences reported on the Underresponsive/Seeks Sensation, Auditory Filtering, and Tactile Sensitivity sections. The ASD group also performed significantly differently (p <.001) on 92% of the items, total score, and all sections of the SSP. CONCLUSION. These findings, considered with similar published studies, begin to confirm the,prevalence and types of sensory processing impairments in autism. Further research is needed to more clearly define patterns of sensory processing in people with ASD. C1 Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Dev Serv, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Weisskopf Child Evaluat Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Occupat Therapy Edu, Sch Allied Hlth, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Tomchek, SD (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pediat,Dev Serv, 571 S Floyd St,Suite 100, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. CR Adrien J L, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P71 ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01487069 ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baranek GT, 1997, AM J OCCUP THER, V51, P91 Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 Baranek GT, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1020541906063 Bettison S., 1994, ABNORMAL RESPONSES S CESARONI L, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02207327 COLEMAN M, 1976, AUTISTIC SPECTRUMS COLEMAN M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SPECTR DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dunn W, 1999, SENSORY PROFILE USER Dunn W, 1997, AM J OCCUP THER, V51, P25 Ermer J, 1998, AM J OCCUP THER, V52, P283 Fertel-Daly D, 2001, AM J OCCUP THER, V55, P629 Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x Gillberg C., 2000, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES MY Greenspan S. 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Occup. Ther. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 190 EP 200 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 149JE UT WOS:000245142400009 PM 17436841 ER PT J AU Hall, L Case-Smith, J AF Hall, Leah Case-Smith, Jane TI The effect of sound-based intervention on children with sensory processing disorders and visual-motor delays SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE pediatric; sensory integration; sensory processing; sensory processing disorder (SPD); sound; visual-motor ID TOMATIS; AUTISM; MUSIC AB This study investigated the effects of a sensory diet and therapeutic listening intervention program, directed by an occupational therapist and implemented by parents, on children with sensory processing disorders (SPD) and visual-motor delays. A convenience sample was used of 10 participants, ages 5 to 11 years, with SPD and visual-motor delays. In the first phase, each participant completed a 4-week sensory diet program, then an 8-week therapeutic-listening and sensory diet program. The Sensory Profile was completed by the participants' parents before and after both study phases. The Draw-A-Person test, Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) and Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting (ETCH) were administered before and after each phase. Over 12 weeks, the participants exhibited significant improvement on the Sensory Profile, increasing a mean of 71 points. Parents reported improvements in their children's behaviors related to sensory processing. Scores on the VMI visual and ETCH legibility scales also improved more during the therapeutic listening phase. Therapeutic listening combined with a sensory diet appears effective in improving behaviors related to sensory processing in children with SPD and visual-motor impairments. C1 Childrens Hosp, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hall, L (reprint author), 5441 Medall Dr E, Wasterville, OH 43082 USA. RI Case-smith, Jane/E-2849-2011 CR Amundson S. J., 1995, EVALUATION TOOL CHIL Ayres A. J., 1972, SENSORY INTEGRATION Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION Beery K. 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J. Occup. Ther. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 149JE UT WOS:000245142400011 PM 17436843 ER PT J AU Paoletti, J Kaiser, DA AF Paoletti, Justine Kaiser, David A. TI Neurotherapeutic assessment and training of an autistic individual SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE neurotherapeutic; assessment; autism C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM justine.paoletti@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 61 EP 62 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 150RV UT WOS:000245235800027 ER PT J AU Viellard, M Da Fonseca, D De Martino, S Girardot, AM Bastard-Rosset, D Duverger, H Genest, E Yvonnet, K Pala, H Deruelle, C Poinso, F AF Viellard, M. Da Fonseca, D. De Martino, S. Girardot, A. -M. Bastard-Rosset, D. Duverger, H. Genest, E. Yvonnet, K. Pala, H. Deruelle, C. Poinso, F. TI Autism and mental retardation: a study of the early social communication SO ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article DE autistic disorder; mental retardation; communication disorders, developmental; child ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; INFANTS; INTERVENTION; CAREGIVERS; BEHAVIORS AB Objective. - To determine developmental communication profiles in young autistic children with mental retardation. Methods. - A group of 19 autistic children (mean age = 43 months) were matched with a group of I I mentally retarded children (mean age = 3 9 months) on mental age (17,6 months). All of these children were without speech (less than 5 words of vocabulary). Communication skills were assessed with the Guidetti-Tourrette scales (ECSP), French adaptation of the Seibert-Hogan scales. Results. - Autistic children displayed a much lower score than mentally retarded children in the 3 functions of early social communication (behavior regulation, social interaction and joint attention). The developmental communication profiles was the same in the 2 groups. Discussion. - The results showed evidence of distortion in autistic children development: they displayed important deficits in communication skills, in comparison with cognitive skills. Autistic children mainly displayed requesting gestures: they used adults to help them to reach a goal, instead of regarding them as social partners. However, young children who have mental age less than 18 months mainly use the same functions of communication, with or without autistic trouble. Conclusions. - There is a same developmental sequence in communication skills in young children, with or without autistic trouble. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tons droits reserves. 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Technol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 155XA UT WOS:000245610700003 PM 17461287 ER PT J AU Billard, A Robins, B Nadel, J Dautenhahn, K AF Billard, Aude Robins, Ben Nadel, Jacqueline Dautenhahn, Kerstin TI Building Robota, a mini-humanoid robot for the rehabilitation of children with autism SO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toy robot; children; autism; imitation; rehabilitation; educational doll robot AB The Robota project constructs a series of multiple-degrees-of-freedom, doll-shaped humanoid robots, whose physical features resemble those of a human baby. The Robota robots have been applied as assistive technologies in behavioral studies with low-functioning children with autism. These studies investigate the potential of using an imitator robot to assess children's imitation ability and to teach children simple coordinated behaviors. 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CR Kaland N, 2007, AUTISM, V11, P81, DOI 10.1177/1362361307070988 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 156DH UT WOS:000245627800001 ER PT J AU Bejerot, S AF Bejerot, Susanne TI An autistic dimension - A proposed subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autistic disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder; schizotypal personality disorder ID FACTOR-ANALYZED SYMPTOM; CHRONIC TIC DISORDER; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TOURETTES DISORDER; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; LOW-PREVALENCE; AXIS-II; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS AB This article focuses on the possibility that autism spectrum disorder (ASD: Asperger syndrome, autism and atypical autism) in its milder forms may be clinically important among a substantial proportion of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and discusses OCD subtypes based on this proposition. The hypothesis derives from extensive clinical experience of OCD and ASD, and literature searches on MEDLINE. Neuropsychological deficits are more common in OCD than in panic disorder and depression. Moreover, obsessive-compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders are overrepresented in OCD. These may constitute misperceived clinical manifestations of ASD. Furthermore, repetitive behaviours and hoarding are common in Asperger syndrome. It is suggested that the comorbidity results in a more severe and treatment resistant form of OCD. OCD with comorbid ASD should be recognized as a valid OCD subtype, analogous to OCD with comorbid tics. An odd personality, with paranoid, schizotypal, avoidant or obsessive-compulsive traits, may indicate these autistic dimensions in OCD patients. C1 Karolinska Inst, Psychiat Sect, SE-11281 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Bejerot, S (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Psychiat Sect, Box 12500, SE-11281 Stockholm, Sweden. 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Salzer, Mark S. TI Who joins support groups among parents of children with autism? SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; support groups; family stress ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; DISABILITIES; FAMILIES; ILLNESS AB This study identified factors associated with support group participation among families of children with autism. A survey was administered to 1005 caregivers of children with autism in Pennsylvania. Two-thirds of respondents (66.4%) had ever participated in an autism-specific support group. In adjusted analyses, demographic characteristics, including age and sex of the child, ethnicity and parental education and income, were associated with support group participation. Parents of children with self-injurious behavior, sleep problems or severe language deficits were more likely to belong, as were parents whose diagnosing clinician referred them to a support group. The results of this study suggest the importance of clinician referrals to groups, and the need to make groups available to underserved populations. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mandell, DS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, 3535 Market St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Trivedi, Madhukar H. Grannemann, Bruce D. Garver, Carolyn R. Johnson, Danny G. Andrews, Alonzo A. Savla, Jayshree S. Mehta, Jyutika A. Schroeder, Jennifer L. TI Sensory correlations in autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; sensory processing; sensory profile ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISORDER AB This study examined the relationship between auditory, visual, touch, and oral sensory dysfunction in autism and their relationship to multisensory dysfunction and severity of autism. The Sensory Profile was completed on 104 persons with a diagnosis of autism, 3 to 56 years of age. Analysis showed a significant correlation between the different processing modalities using total scores. Analysis also showed a significant correlation between processing modalities for both high and low thresholds, with the exception that auditory high threshold processing did not correlate with oral low threshold or touch low threshold processing. Examination of the different age groups suggests that sensory disturbance correlates with severity of autism in children, but not in adolescents and adults. Evidence from this study suggests that: all the main modahties and multisensory processing appear to be affected; sensory processing dysfunction in autism is global in nature; and sensory processing problems need to be considered part of the disorder. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Autism Treatment Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Kern, JK (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, 6363 Forest Pk Rd,Suite 13-354, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 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We now describe a subgroup of such families, selected from a large clinical experience, illustrating specific features of major affective disorder, special talents or intellectual ability, and familial patterns of trait transmission, with the additional feature of oculocutaneous albinism in some cases. These observations, suggesting parent-of-origin and gain-of-function effects, considered together with recent genetic findings in the literature, suggest a genetic hypothesis possibly unifying disparate observations found in families of individuals with autism. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Neurol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Delong, R (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Neurol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 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In this study the object play of 2 7 young children with autism was measured in a semi-structured context to quantify restricted object use. It was hypothesized that children who engaged in less restricted object use would show better responding, joint attention, motor imitation, and intentional communication. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between restricted object use measured at time I and response to joint attention, motor imitation, and coordinated attention to object and person, at time I and time 2 (6 months later), controlling for developmental play level. The construct validity of this measure of restricted object use was supported by the statistically significant correlations in the predicted direction of all expected associations. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Bruckner, CT (reprint author), 311 Profess Ctr Dr, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. 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The CAST has previously demonstrated good accuracy for use as a screening test, with high sensitivity in studies with primary school aged children in mainstream schools. This study aimed to investigate test-retest reliability of the CAST in a high scoring sample. To this end, 73 parents filled in the second CAST (CAST-2) within approximately 2 months of the first administration of the CAST (CAST-1). Agreement above and below the cut-point of 15 was investigated. The kappa statistic for agreement (< 15 versus >= 15) was 0.41. It was found that 70 percent (95% CI: 58, 80) of children did not move across the cut-point of IS. The correlation between the two test scores was 0.67 (Spearman's rho). The CAST shows moderate test-retest reliability in a high scoring sample, further evidence that it is a relatively robust screening tool for epidemiological research. C1 Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. RP Allison, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. 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Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. Swinkels, Sophie H. N. TI Autism and attachment - The Attachment Q-Sort SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Attachment Q-Sort; autism; secure base; social subtypes ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; VALIDITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SECURITY; BEHAVIOR AB Children with autism are able to show secure attachment behaviours to their parents/caregivers. Most studies on attachment in children with autism used a (modified) Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) to examine attachment security. An advantage of the Attachment Q-Sort (AQS) over the SSP is that it can be attuned to the secure-base behaviour of children from special populations. In this study experts in the field of autism (both clinicians and researchers: N = 59) defined an AQS criterion sort for children with autism and tested its content validity. 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TI The dependent gene: The fallacy of "nature vs. nurture" SO BEHAVIOR ANALYST LA English DT Book Review DE nature-nurture relations; heritability; genetics; evolution; developmental systems theory ID MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; INHERITANCE; RATS; ENVIRONMENT; AUTISM; MICE AB Nature-nurture views that smack of genetic determinism remain prevalent. Yet, the increasing knowledge base shows ever more clearly that environmental factors and genes form a fully interactional system at all levels. Moore's book covers the major topics of discovery and dispute, including behavior genetics and the twin studies, developmental psychobiology, and developmental systems theory. Knowledge of this larger life-sciences context for behavior principles will become increasingly important as the full complexity of gene-environment relations is revealed. Behavior analysis both contributes to and gains from the larger battle for the recognition of how nature and nurture really work. 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The relationship between clinical findings and fractional anisotropy (FA) measurements in white matter of adolescents born prematurely with VLBW was studied in 34 subjects (age = 15 years, birth weight <= 1500 g) and 47 age-matched controls born at term, who were examined both clinically and with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Perceptual and cognitive functions were evaluated by visual motor integration (VMI) with supplementary tests and sub-tests from WISC-III, motor function by movement ABC and Grooved Pegboard test and psychiatric symptoms by the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children semistructured interview, the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale IV. Overall functioning was scored on the children's global assessment scale. DTI scans were performed for calculation of FA maps and areas of significant differences in mean FA values between subjects and controls were compared with their clinical data. The VLBW children had reduced FA values in the internal and external capsule, corpus callosum and superior, middle superior and inferior fasciculus. Within this group of children, visual motor and visual perceptual deficits were associated with low FA values in the external capsule, posterior part of the internal capsule and in the inferior fasciculus. Children with low IQ had low FA values in the external capsule and inferior and middle superior fasciculus. Fine motor impairment was related to low FA values in the internal and external capsule and superior fasciculus. Eight VLBW children with inattention symptoms or a diagnosis of ADHD had significantly lower FA values in several areas. Mild social deficits correlated with reduced FA values in the external capsule and superior fasciculus. We conclude that DTI was able to detect differences in FA between VLBW adolescents and controls in several white matter areas at risk of periventricular leucomalacia in VLBW newborns. Our results show that low FA values in these areas were associated with perceptual, cognitive, motor and mental health impairments. These conclusions indicate that perinatal injury of white matter tracts persist with clinical significance in adolescence. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Childrens & Womens Hlth, Dept Lab Med, N-7041 Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Med, Dept Neurosci, N-7041 Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Med, Dept Circulat & Med Imaging, N-7041 Trondheim, Norway. Sosrlandet Hosp, Dept Pediat, Arendal, Norway. St Olavs Univ Hosp, Trondheim, Norway. Univ Tromso, Inst Clin Med, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci & Radiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 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Connors, Susan L. Matteson, Karla J. Lee, Li-Ching Singer, Harvey S. Castaneda, Julian A. Pearce, David A. TI Maternal antibrain antibodies in autism SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE autism; maternal; antibodies; autoimmunity; prenatal ID MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; AUTOANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; BRAIN; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; SERA AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of prenatal onset that is behaviorally defined. There is increasing evidence for systemic and neuroimmune mechanisms in children with autism. Although genetic factors are important, atypical prenatal maternal immune responses may also be linked to the pathogenesis of autism. We tested serum reactivity in 11 mothers and their autistic children, maternal controls, and several groups of control children, to prenatal, postnatal, and adult rat brain proteins, by immunoblotting. Similar patterns of reactivity to prenatal (gestational day 18), but not postnatal (day 8) or adult rat brain proteins were identified in autistic children, their mothers, and children with other neurodevelopmental disorders, and differed from mothers of normal children, normal siblings of children with autism and normal child controls. Specific patterns of antibody reactivity were present in sera from the autism mothers, from 2 to 18 years after the birth of their affected children and were unrelated to birth order. Immunoblotting using specific antigens for myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) suggests that these proteins were not targets of the maternal antibodies. The identification of specific serum antibodies in mothers of children with autism that recognize prenatally expressed brain antigens suggests that these autoantibodies could cross the placenta and alter fetal brain development. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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Inferring mental states from animated faces in autism SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NORMAL ADULTS; RECOGNITION; MIND; CHILDREN; MOTION; INDIVIDUALS; RETARDATION; PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTION AB The ability of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) to infer mental states from dynamic and static facial stimuli was investigated. In Experiment 1, individuals with ASD (10- to 14-year olds; N=18) performed above chance but not as well as controls. Accuracy scores for mental states did not differ between dynamic and static faces. Furthermore, participants with ASD gained higher scores when the eyes conveyed information than when this region remained static and neutral. Experiment 2 revealed that those with ASD (11- to 15-year olds; N=18) were as successful as controls in recognizing mental states when the eyes were presented in isolation or in the context of the whole face. Findings challenge claims that individuals with ASD are impaired at inferring mental states from the eyes. C1 Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Back, E (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. 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PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 397 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01005.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 148UD UT WOS:000245099600003 PM 17381780 ER PT J AU McEwen, F Happe, F Bolton, P Rijsdijk, F Ronald, A Dworzynski, K Plomin, R AF McEwen, Fiona Happe, Francesca Bolton, Patrick Rijsdijk, Fruhling Ronald, Angelica Dworzynski, Katharina Plomin, Robert TI Origins of individual differences in imitation: Links with language, pretend play, and socially insightful behavior in two-year-old twins SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EQUAL ENVIRONMENTS ASSUMPTION; STATISTICAL POWER; 2ND YEAR; MIND; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; COGNITION; TODDLERS; AUTISM; AGE AB Imitation, vocabulary, pretend play, and socially insightful behavior were investigated in 5,206 same- and opposite-sex 2-year-old twin pairs in the United Kingdom. Individual differences in imitative ability were due to modest heritability (30%), while environmental factors shared between twins (42%) and unique to each twin (28%) also made significant contributions to the variance. Imitation correlated significantly, although modestly, with vocabulary, pretend play, and socially insightful behavior, and the strongest relationship was with vocabulary. A model that represented the covariance between the variables as being due to correlated latent genetic and environmental factors fitted the data well, with shared environmental factors influencing most of the covariance. Parents who encourage imitation may also tend to foster the development of language, pretence, and socially insightful behavior. C1 Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. Guys Hosp, London SE1 9RT, England. RP McEwen, F (reprint author), SGDP, Box P080,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM f.mcewen@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Rijsdijk, Fruhling/B-4191-2011; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012; Ronald, Angelica/C-7812-2009; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; McEwen, Fiona/H-8966-2012; Plomin, Robert/B-8911-2008 OI Ronald, Angelica/0000-0002-9576-2176; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; McEwen, Fiona/0000-0002-5562-481X; CR Asbury K, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P933, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00577 Baldwin DA, 2000, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V9, P40, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.00057 Benyamin B, 2005, BEHAV GENET, V35, P525, DOI 10.1007/s10519-005-3556-x Chartrand TL, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V76, P893, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.76.6.893 Cohen J., 1977, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA Courage ML, 2002, PSYCHOL BULL, V128, P250, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.128.2.250 Cronk NJ, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V41, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200207000-00016 Dale PS, 1998, NAT NEUROSCI, V1, P324 Donald Merlin, 2005, PERSPECTIVES IMITATI, V2, P283 Dunn J., 1999, DEV PSYCHOL ACHIEVEM, P55 EMDE RN, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P1437, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01706.x Fenstermacher SK, 2005, BEHAV GENET, V35, P800 Forman DR, 2004, PSYCHOL SCI, V15, P699, DOI 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00743.x Forman DR, 2001, DEV PSYCHOL, V37, P198, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.37.2.198 Hatfield Elaine, 1994, EMOTIONAL CONTAGION Heyes C., 2005, PERSPECTIVES IMITATI, V1, P157 Hughes C, 2005, CHILD DEV, V76, P356, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00850_a.x Irwin JR, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V41, P1324, DOI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000024842.60748.41 Kinsbourne Marcel, 2005, PERSPECTIVES IMITATI, V2, P163 Kremen WS, 2005, BEHAV GENET, V35, P417, DOI 10.1007/s10519-004-3876-2 Ledoux J., 1998, EMOTIONAL BRAIN MYST LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 Loehlin JC, 1996, BEHAV GENET, V26, P65, DOI 10.1007/BF02361160 Markon KE, 2004, BEHAV GENET, V34, P593, DOI 10.1007/s10519-004-5587-0 MASUR EF, 1995, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V41, P286 Meins E, 2002, CHILD DEV, V73, P1715, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00501 Meltzoff AN, 1999, J COMMUN DISORD, V32, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(99)00009-X Meltzoff A. 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PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 474 EP 492 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01010.x PG 19 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 148UD UT WOS:000245099600008 PM 17381785 ER PT J AU Swensen, LD Kelley, E Fein, D Naigles, LR AF Swensen, Lauren D. Kelley, Elizabeth Fein, Deborah Naigles, Letitia R. TI Processes of language acquisition in children with autism: Evidence from preferential looking SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; WORD; IMPAIRMENTS; DEFICITS; FORM AB Two language acquisition processes (comprehension preceding production of word order, the noun bias) were examined in 2- and 3-year-old children (n=10) with autistic spectrum disorder and in typically developing 21-month-olds (n=13). Intermodal preferential looking was used to assess comprehension of subject-verb-object word order and the tendency to map novel words onto objects rather than actions. 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PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 542 EP 557 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01022.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 148UD UT WOS:000245099600012 PM 17381789 ER PT J AU van IJzendoorn, MH Rutgers, AH Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ Swinkels, SHN van Daalen, E Dietz, C Naber, FBA Buitelaar, JK van Engeland, H AF van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. Rutgers, Anna H. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. Swinkels, Sophie H. N. van Daalen, Emma Dietz, Claudine Naber, Fabienne B. A. Buitelaar, Jan K. van Engeland, Herman TI Parental sensitivity and attachment in children with autism spectrum disorder: Comparison with children with mental retardation, with language delays, and with typical development SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT; INFANT ATTACHMENT; STRANGE SITUATION; MATERNAL SENSITIVITY; MOTHER ATTACHMENT; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; DOWN-SYNDROME; METAANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR AB This study on sensitivity and attachment included 55 toddlers and their parents. Samples included children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mental retardation, language delay, and typical development. Children were diagnosed at 4 years of age. Two years before diagnosis, attachment was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure, and parental sensitivity and child involvement during free play were assessed with the Emotional Availability Scale. Parents of children with ASD were equally sensitive as parents of children without ASD, but their children showed more attachment disorganization and less child involvement. More sensitive parents had more secure children, but only in the group without ASD. Less severe autistic symptoms in the social domain predicted more attachment security. Autism challenges the validity of attachment theory. C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP van IJzendoorn, MH (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Ctr Family & Child Studies, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. EM vanijzen@fsw.leidenuniv.nl RI van IJzendoorn, Marinus/I-1379-2012; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR Ainsworth M., 1967, INFANCY UGANDA INFAN Ainsworth M. 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PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 597 EP 608 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01016.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 148UD UT WOS:000245099600015 PM 17381792 ER PT J AU Jokic, NI Majstorovic, M Bakarcic, D Katalinic, A Szirovicza, L AF Jokic, Nataga Ivancic Majstorovic, Martina Bakarcic, Danko Katalinic, Andrej Szirovicza, Lajos TI Dental caries in disabled children SO COLLEGIUM ANTROPOLOGICUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Anthropological Perspectives on the Obesity Pandemic in Women CY JUN, 2006 CL Havar, CROATIA SP WennerGren Fdn Anthropol Res DE oral health; disabled children; dental caries; DMFT/dft index ID MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; ORAL HYGIENE; HEALTH; CROATIA AB The aim of the study was to evaluate oral health conditions and dental caries status in disabled and healthy children. Two groups of randomly selected children 3-17 years old were examined. The first group comprised 80 children with disabilities (cerebral palsy, mental retardation, Down syndrome, autism and hearing-speaking disorders) and the second (control) group included 80 healthy children. Examined children were selected from several institutions which take care of disabled persons, kindergardens and four elementary schools. Clinical examination was performed by using a mirror and a probe and revealed the presence of dental caries, missing (extracted) and filled teeth. All clinically detected cavitations were registered as dental caries. The degree of oral hygiene was evaluated according to the OHI-S index values, which was determined by marking the plaque with 1% eozine solution. The values of OHI-S index ranged from 3.8-4.53 in disabled children and 2.73-2.84 in healthy children. In disabled children, the average dft values were 3.42 in deciduous teeth and 5.24 in mixed dentition. In healthy children, the average dft values were 1.43 in deciduous teeth and 5.1 in mixed dentition. The average DMFT index in disabled children was 1.41 for mixed and 6.39 for permanent dentitions. In healthy children, the average DMFT values were 1.23 in mixed and 4.76 in permanent dentitions. In general, the results revealed significantly poor level of oral hygiene and quite high level of caries prevalence in both disabled and healthy children, accentuating the need to reorganize preventive care measurments and improve dental care, particularly in disabled children in Croatia. C1 Univ Zagreb, Dept Paediat Dent, Sch Dent Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Univ Rijeka, Sch Med, Dept Clin Pedodont, Rijeka, Croatia. Inst Anthropol Res, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Jokic, NI (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Dept Paediat Dent, Sch Dent Med, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 124 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.concog.2005.12.001 PG 20 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 144TM UT WOS:000244819200011 PM 16503169 ER PT J AU Hobson, JA Hobson, RP AF Hobson, Jessica A. Hobson, R. Peter TI Identification: The missing link between joint attention and imitation? SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; IMMEDIATE; EMOTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB In this paper we outline our hypothesis that human intersubjective engagement entails identifying with other people. We tested a prediction derived from this hypothesis that concerned the relation between a component of joint attention and a specific form of imitation. The empirical investigation involved "blind" ratings of videotapes from a recent study in which we tested matched children with and without autism for their propensity to imitate the self-/other-orientated aspects of another person's actions. The results were in keeping with three a priori predictions, as follows: (a) children with autism contrasted with control participants in spending more time looking at the objects acted upon and less time looking at the testers (b) participants with autism showed fewer "sharing" looks toward the tester, and although they also showed fewer "checking" and "orientating" looks, they were specifically less likely to show any sharing looks; and, critically, (c) within each group, individual differences in sharing looks (only) were associated with imitation of self-other orientation. 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Experiment 1 examines human and monkey face recognition in 2-year-old children with ASD, matched for nonverbal mental age (NVMA) with developmentally delayed (DD) children, and typically developing children (TD), using the Visual Paired Comparison (VPC) paradigm. Results indicate that, consistent with the other-species effect, TD controls show enhanced recognition of human but not monkey faces; however, neither the ASD nor the DD group show evidence of face recognition regardless of the species. Experiment 2 examines the same question in a group of older 3- to 4-year-old developmentally disabled (ASD and DD) children as well as in typical controls. In this experiment, both human and monkey faces are recognized by all three groups. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that difficulties in face processing, as measured by the VPC paradigm, are common in toddlers with ASD as well as DD, but that these deficits tend to disappear by early preschool age. 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Wilson, Julie TI Data processing in metabolic fingerprinting by CE-UV: Application to urine samples from autistic children SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE autism; data processing; MEKC; metabolic fingerprinting; urinary metabolites ID ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WAVELET TRANSFORM; SCREENING METHOD; PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM; CANCER PATIENTS; INBORN-ERRORS; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Metabolic fingerprinting of biofluids such as urine can be used to detect and analyse differences between individuals. However, before pattern recognition methods can be utilised for classification, preprocessing techniques for the denoising, baseline removal, normalisation and alignment of electropherograms must be applied. Here a MEKC method using diode array detection has been used for high-resolution separation of both charged and neutral metabolites. Novel and generic algorithms have been developed for use prior to multivariate data analysis. Alignment is achieved by combining the use of reference peaks with a method that uses information from multiple wavelengths to align electropherograms to a reference signal. This metabolic fingerprinting approach by MEKC has been applied for the first time to urine samples from autistic and control children in a nontargeted and unbiased search for markers for autism. Although no biomarkers for autism could be determined using MEKC data here, the general approach presented could also be applied to the processing of other data collected by CE with UV-Vis detection. C1 Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Selby & York Primary Care Trust, York, N Yorkshire, England. RP Wilson, J (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. 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On the difficult relationship between epidemiologists and handedness SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LANGUAGE LATERALIZATION; BREAST-CANCER; ASSOCIATION; ULTRASOUND; HANDERS; AUTISM; RISK AB The declining prevalence of left-handers with age has resulted in the hypothesis that sinistrality, being the result of a developmental insult, may be associated with a reduced life span. While it is plausible that some individuals become left-handed as a consequence of neurologic impairment, the literature on handedness itself appears to suffer from a number of problems. These include the ease with which information on handedness can be collected in the absence of prior hypotheses, the failure to address heterogeneity among left-handers, and the selective publication of positive results. Even if individual contributions, including one published in this issue of EPIDEMIOLOGY, are of reasonable quality, all the above problems conspire to lower the credibility of this area of research. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, HHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Basso, O (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, HHS, POB 12233,111 TW Alexander Dr,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. 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Schendel, Diana Dalsgaard, Soren Thomsen, Per Hove Thorsen, Poul TI Variation in incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders with season of birth SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PREVALENCE; ADHD AB Background: The etiologies of autism spectrum disorder and many neurodevelopmental disorders are largely unknown. The detection of a seasonal variation of birth of children diagnosed with a certain disorder could suggest etiological factors that follow a seasonal pattern. We examined the seasonal variation of births of children diagnosed with any of 4 common childhood neuropsychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder, hyperkinetic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: The study cohort consisted of all children born in Denmark from 1990 through 1999 identified in the Danish Medical Birth Register (n = 669,995). Outcome data consisted of both inpatient and outpatient diagnoses reported to the Danish National Psychiatric Registry from 1995 through 2004 using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, diagnostic coding system. Logistic regression combined with spline (a smoothing method) was used to estimate the variation with season of birth for each disorder. Estimates of risk of each disorder with season of birth were adjusted for differences in follow-up time and change in incidence over time. Results: No convincing variations in season of birth were observed for any of the 4 disorders, or for the autism-spectrum-disorder subtypes. Conclusion: Although we cannot rule out the possibility of seasonal variation of birth for a range of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, we find little evidence that seasonal environmental factors are related to these disorders. C1 Aarhus Univ, NANEA, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 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Griffith, James Reyes, Bernardo Legesse, Benalfew Evans, Melanie TI Effects of vagus nerve stimulation in a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy and Asperger syndrome: Case report and review of the literature SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE vagus nerve stimulation therapy; VNS; Asperger syndrome; autism; epilepsy; seizures; temporal lobe; developmental delay ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHILDREN; REGRESSION; SEIZURES; PATTERNS; THERAPY AB Seizures are a common comorbidity of autism and occur in as many as 30% of patients. This case report describes a 23-year-old man diagnosed with both Asperger syndrome and bitemporal epilepsy. The patient had behavioral regression that correlated with worsening of his intractable seizures. He subsequently underwent implantation of a vagus nerve stimulation therapy device for his refractory epilepsy. Both his seizures and his behavior were monitored for 6 months. We describe the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation therapy in reducing seizure severity as well as improving the behavioral components of his Asperger syndrome. We also review the current literature regarding epilepsy in autistic spectrum disorders. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ San Francisco, Ctr Med, Dept Internal Med, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. W Virginia Univ, Charleston Div, Charleston, WV USA. CAMC Hlth Educ & Res Inst, Charleston, WV USA. RP Warwick, TC (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, Ctr Med, Dept Internal Med, 445 S Cedar Ave, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.07.001 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 156WR UT WOS:000245681100022 PM 17300990 ER PT J AU Buitelaar, J AF Buitelaar, J. TI Brain and behavioural mechanisms in autism SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ECNP Workshop on Neuropsychopharmacology for Young Scientists in Europe CY MAR 08-11, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol ID DISORDER C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat 333, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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TI Neuropsychological differentiation of adults with attention deficit disorder and autism spectrum disorders SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vincent Van Gogh Inst, Venray, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S296 EP S296 DI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1004 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153YC UT WOS:000245473001035 ER PT J AU Buxbaurn, JD Ramoz, N Sakurai, T Silverman, J Hollander, E AF Buxbaurn, J. D. Ramoz, N. Sakurai, T. Silverman, J. Hollander, E. TI Do autism and ocd have shared genetic vulnerability? SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. INSERM, Paris, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S32 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.129 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153YC UT WOS:000245473000119 ER PT J AU Gallagher, L AF Gallagher, L. TI Do ADHD and autism have related traits considering the genes involved? SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland. Natl Childrens Hosp, Tallaght, Ireland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S33 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.130 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153YC UT WOS:000245473000120 ER PT J AU Laskaridou, K Tagouli, E AF Laskaridou, K. Tagouli, E. TI Cogntive behaviour therapy for autism spectrum disorders: Modifications and applicability SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Attica Child Psychiat Hosp, Athens, Greece. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S210 EP S210 DI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.700 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153YC UT WOS:000245473000732 ER PT J AU Laumonnier, F AF Laumonnier, F. TI From mental retardation to autism: common aspects, common genes SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Genes Cognit Project, Cambridge, England. CHU Bretonneau, Fac Med, INSERM, U619, F-37044 Tours, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.128 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153YC UT WOS:000245473000118 ER PT J AU Perlov, J AF Perlov, J. TI The "difficult to diagnose" autism spectrum disorders in preschoolers and the early intervention program, "let's get started" SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Manitoba, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S335 EP S335 DI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1143 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153YC UT WOS:000245473001174 ER PT J AU Ramoz, N Bestel-Lepagnol, AM Maussion, G Moalic, JM Buxbaurn, JD Gorwood, P Simonneau, M AF Ramoz, N. Bestel-Lepagnol, A. M. Maussion, G. Moalic, J. M. Buxbaurn, J. D. Gorwood, P. Simonneau, M. TI Autism: a molecular plasticity disorder SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Paris 07, INSERM, U675, IFR02, Paris, France. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Lab Mol Neuropsychiat, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 SU 1 BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.127 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153YC UT WOS:000245473000117 ER PT J AU Bellini, S Akullian, J AF Bellini, Scott Akullian, Jennifer TI A meta-analysis of video modeling and video self-modeling interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders SO EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; TEACH PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; PURCHASING SKILLS; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; PLAY; DISABILITIES; INSTRUCTION; STUDENTS; BEHAVIOR AB This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of video modeling and video self-modeling (VSM) interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty-three single-subject design studies were included in the meta-analysis. Intervention, maintenance, and generalization effects were measured by computing the percentage of nonoverlapping data points (PND). Results suggest that video modeling and VSM are effective intervention strategies for addressing social-communication skills, functional skills, and behavioral functioning in children and adolescents with ASD. Results also indicate that these procedures promote skill acquisition and that skills acquired via video modeling and VSM are maintained overtime and transferred across persons and settings. The results suggest that video modeling and VSM intervention strategies meet criteria for designation as an evidence-based practice. C1 Indiana Univ, Indiana Resource Ctr Autism, Indiana Inst Disabil & Community, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Bellini, S (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Indiana Resource Ctr Autism, Indiana Inst Disabil & Community, 2853 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. 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PD SPR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 264 EP 287 PG 24 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 139UY UT WOS:000244459300002 ER PT J AU Wittenberger, MD Hagerman, RJ Sherman, SL McConkie-Rosell, A Welt, CK Rebar, RW Corrigan, EC Simpson, JL Nelson, LM AF Wittenberger, Michael D. Hagerman, Randi J. Sherman, Stephanie L. McConkie-Rosell, Allyn Welt, Corrine K. Rebar, Robert W. Corrigan, Emily C. Simpson, Joe Leigh Nelson, Lawrence M. TI The FMR1 premutation and reproduction SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Review DE fragile X syndrome; FMR1; premutation; spontaneous premature ovarian failure; hypergonadotropic hypogonadism; primary hypogonadism; primary ovarian insufficiency; premature menopause; hypergonadotropic amenorrhea; low response to gonadotropin stimulation; diminished ovarian reserve; fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome; FXTAS; genetic counseling ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME FXTAS; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; CGG REPEAT; FULL-MUTATION; INTENTION TREMOR; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; GRAY ZONE AB Objective: To update clinicians on the reproductive implications of premutations in FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1). Fragile X syndrome, a cause of mental retardation and autism, is due to a full mutation (> 200 CGG repeats). Initially, individuals who carried the premutation (defined as more than 55 but less than 200 CGG repeats) were not considered at risk for any clinical disorders. It is now recognized that this was incorrect, specifically with respect to female reproduction. Design and Setting: Literature review and consensus building at two multidisciplinary scientific workshops. Conclusion(s): Convincing evidence now relates the FMR1 premutation to altered ovarian function and loss of fertility. An FMR1 mRNA gain-of-function toxicity may underlie this altered ovarian function. There are major gaps in knowledge regarding the natural history of the altered ovarian function in women who carry the FMR1 premutation, making counseling about reproductive plans a challenge. Women with premature ovarian failure are at increased risk of having an FMR1 premutation and should be informed of the availability of fragile X testing. Specialists in reproductive medicine can provide a supportive environment in which to explain the implications of FMR1 premutation testing, facilitate access to testing, and make appropriate referral to genetic counselors. C1 NICHHD, NIH, CRC, Intramural Res Program,Sect Womens Hlth Res,Dev E, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Reprod Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Amer Soc Reprod Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nelson, LM (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, CRC, Intramural Res Program,Sect Womens Hlth Res,Dev E, Room 1-3330,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Steril. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.09.004 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 148OU UT WOS:000245085300002 PM 17074338 ER PT J AU O'Connor, K Hamm, JP Kirk, IJ AF O'Connor, Kate Hamm, Jeff P. Kirk, Ian J. TI Neurophysiological responses to face, facial regions and objects in adults with Asperger's syndrome: An ERP investigation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; ERP; face processing ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; OCCIPITOTEMPORAL CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BRAIN POTENTIALS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; INVERSION; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; EYES AB Face processing differences have been observed between AS and control subjects at the behavioural and neurological levels. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neurophysiological basis of processing faces and facial features (eyes and mouths) in adults with AS relative to age- and gender-matched typically-developing controls. These results were compared with ERPs generated to objects in both groups to determine if any differences were specific to facial stimuli. Although both groups elicited earlier N170 latencies to faces than to face parts and to eyes relative to mouths, adults with AS exhibited delayed N170 latencies to faces and face parts relative to controls. This difference was not observed to objects. Together these findings suggest that adults with AS may be slower to process facial information. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Psychol, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP O'Connor, K (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Psychol, Auckland 1, New Zealand. 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J. Psychophysiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 3 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.12.001 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 149SP UT WOS:000245167200008 PM 17267061 ER PT J AU Berens, NM Hayes, SC AF Berens, Nicholas M. Hayes, Steven C. TI Arbitrarily applicable comparative relations: Experimental evidence for a relational operant SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE relational operants; relational frames; comparative relations; relational frame theory; verbal behavior; multiple-exemplar training ID SKINNERS VERBAL-BEHAVIOR; FRAME-THEORY; GENERALIZED IMITATION; TRANSITIVE INFERENCES; STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE; TRANSFORMATION; ACCORDANCE; CHILDREN; SYMMETRY; AUTISM AB Arbitrarily applicable derived relational responding has been argued by relational frame theorists to be a form of operant behavior. The present study examined this idea with 4 female participants, ages 4 to 5 years old, who could not perform a series of problem-solving tasks involving arbitrary more than and less than relations. In a combined multiple baseline (across responses and participants) and multiple probe design (with trained and untrained stimuli), it was shown that reinforced multiple-exemplar training facilitated the development of arbitrary comparative relations, and that these skills generalized not just across stimuli but also across trial types. The sequence of training identified potential prerequisites in the development of comparative relations (e.g., nonarbitrary comparative relations). Taken as a whole, the present data, along with previous work by others in this area, suggest that relating arbitrary events comparatively is an operant. The implications of this conclusion for the analysis of complex behavior are discussed. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Psychol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. 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PD SPR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 45 EP 71 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.7-06 PG 27 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 149IP UT WOS:000245140900004 PM 17471793 ER PT J AU Hagopian, LP Bruzek, JL Bowman, LG Jennett, HK AF Hagopian, Louis P. Bruzek, Jennifer L. Bowman, Lynn G. Jennett, Heather K. TI Assessment and treatment of problem behavior occasioned by interruption of free-operant behavior SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE "do" requests; "don't" requests; motivating operations; establishing operations; extinction; multiple schedules ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SELF-INJURY; DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; REINFORCERS; OPERATIONS; REQUESTS; ESCAPE; DONT AB The current study describes the assessment and treatment of the problem behavior of 3 individuals with autism for whom initial functional analysis results were inconclusive. Subsequent analyses revealed that the interruption of free-operant behavior using "do" requests (Study 1) as well as "do" and "don't" requests (Study 2) occasioned problem behavior. Initially, treatment involved differential and noncontingent reinforcement without interruption. To make the intervention more sustainable in the natural environment (where interruptions are unavoidable), a two-component multiple-schedule arrangement was used to progressively increase the period of time in which ongoing activities would be interrupted. During generalization sessions, the intervention was applied across a variety of contexts and therapists. C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Behav Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hagopian, LP (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Behav Psychol, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.63-05 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 149IP UT WOS:000245140900006 PM 17471795 ER PT J AU Reeve, SA Reeve, KF Townsend, DB Poulson, CL AF Reeve, Sharon A. Reeve, Kenneth F. Townsend, Dawn Buffington Poulson, Claire L. TI Establishing a generalized repertoire of helping behavior in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Behavior-Analysis CY MAY, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Assoc Behav Anal DE autism; multiple-exemplar training; social behavior; video modeling ID SOCIAL INITIATIONS; SKILLS; REINFORCEMENT; SIBLINGS; STUDENTS; PEERS AB The present study used a multiple baseline across participants design to assess whether 4 children with autism could learn a generalized repertoire of helping adults with different tasks through the use of a multicomponent teaching package. Different helping responses were taught in the presence of multiple exemplars of discriminative stimuli drawn from experimenter-defined categories of helping behavior (e.g., locating objects, putting away items, setting up an activity). During the training condition, video models, prompting, and reinforcement were used. The results showed that all 4 children learned to emit appropriate helping responses in the presence of discriminative stimuli from the helping categories used during training. Generalization of helping responses was observed in the presence of untrained discriminative stimuli during additional probe conditions. Additional pre- and postintervention generalization trials showed that the frequency of helping responses also increased in the presence of novel stimuli, in a novel setting, and with a novel instructor. C1 Caldwell Coll, Dept Educ, Caldwell, NJ 07006 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Reeve, SA (reprint author), Caldwell Coll, Dept Educ, 9 Ryerson Ave, Caldwell, NJ 07006 USA. EM sreeve@caldwell.edu CR BAER DM, 1981, HOW PLAN GEN BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-307 CHARLOP MH, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P275, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-275 Charlop-Christy MH, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P537, DOI 10.1023/A:1005635326276 Coie JD, 1990, PEER REJECTION CHILD, P17 Damon W., 1998, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V3, P701 DUNN J, 1986, INT J BEHAV DEV, V9, P265 Eisenberg N, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P974, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01777.x FARVER JAM, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P334, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.30.3.334 HARING TG, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-89 HARRIS SL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P297, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-297 KAMPS DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P281, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-281 KOHLER FW, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P525, DOI 10.1177/01454455920164005 KOHLER KW, 1995, BEHAV MODIF, V19, P10 KRANTZ PJ, 1991, PRACTICAL GUIDE USIN, P256 LeBlanc LA, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P253, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-253 Lovaas O. 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Sturmey, Peter TI The effects of errorless learning and backward chaining on the acquisition of Internet skills in adults with developmental disabilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; computer use; leisure skills AB An important area in the learning and development of individuals with disabilities is the acquisition of independent, age-appropriate leisure skills. Three adults with autism and mental retardation were taught to access specific Internet sites using backward chaining and most-to-least intrusive prompting. The number of independent steps completed in the task analysis increased following training. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Jerome, J (reprint author), 67-41 Burns St Apt L7, Forest Hills, NY 11375 USA. CR DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 FRANK AR, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P179, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-179 LUYBEN PD, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P431, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-431 Tiger JH, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.158-04 NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 1 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.41-06 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 149IP UT WOS:000245140900014 PM 17471803 ER PT J AU Mak, WWS Ho, AHY Law, RW AF Mak, Winnie W. S. Ho, Anna H. Y. Law, Rita W. TI Sense of coherence, parenting attitudes and stress among mothers of children with autism in Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; parenting attitudes; sense of coherence; stress ID SOUTHEAST-ASIAN REFUGEES; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; FILIAL THERAPY; LIFE EVENTS; WELL; ADJUSTMENT; INTERVENTION; PERCEPTIONS; STRATEGIES AB Background: The moderating and mediating relationships among sense of coherence, parental attitudes and parenting stress for caregiving parents of children with autism were tested. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven mothers of children with autism recruited from representative community service centres in Hong Kong completed the Chinese versions of Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), Confidence and Acceptance subscales of Parent-Attitude Survey Scales and Parenting Stress Index Short Form. Results: Accounting for mothers' demographic background, SOC showed a moderating effect with child's symptoms and parenting stress. Mothers with a strong SOC perceived lower stress than their counterparts even when their children presented with more severe autistic symptoms. Two proximal factors in parenting, parental confidence and acceptance of the child, were found to partially mediate SOC and stress. Conclusions: The stress experience of mothers of children with autism is related strongly to a global sense of coherence as well as more specific parenting attitudes. C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mak, WWS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00315.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 134VV UT WOS:000244113400012 ER PT J AU McDuffie, A Turner, L Stone, W Yoder, P Wolery, M Ulman, T AF McDuffie, Andrea Turner, Lauren Stone, Wendy Yoder, Paul Wolery, Mark Ulman, Teresa TI Developmental correlates of different types of motor imitation in young children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; motor imitation ID LANGUAGE; GESTURE; INFANTS; OBJECT; PLAY AB This study used a concurrent correlational design to examine associations between three types of motor imitation with objects and three proposed correlates in 32 two- and three-year-old children diagnosed with ASD. Attention-following and fine motor ability were significant, unique correlates of imitation in an observational learning context. Attention-following was a significant correlate of imitation in a direct elicitation context. Social reciprocity was a significant correlate of imitation in an interactive play context. These associations were observed after controlling for general developmental level. Results support previous findings that motor imitation may not reflect a unitary construct for children with ASD and that different skills may underlie the performance of different types of motor imitation. Implications for interventions targeting motor imitation are discussed. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Special Educ, Nashville, TN USA. RP McDuffie, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Educ, 201 N Rose Ave, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0175-1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500001 PM 16900404 ER PT J AU Ventola, P Kleinman, J Pandey, J Wilson, L Esser, E Boorstein, H Dumont-Mathieu, T Marshia, G Barton, M Hodgson, S Green, J Volkmar, F Chawarska, K Babitz, T Robins, D Fein, D AF Ventola, Pamela Kleinman, Jamie Pandey, Juhi Wilson, Leandra Esser, Emma Boorstein, Hilary Dumont-Mathieu, Thyde Marshia, Gail Barton, Marianne Hodgson, Sarah Green, James Volkmar, Fred Chawarska, Katarzyna Babitz, Tammy Robins, Diana Fein, Deborah TI Differentiating between autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities in children who failed a screening instrument for ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; early detection; global developmental delay; developmental language disorder ID RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; ADI-R; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FIELD TRIAL; AGE; BEHAVIORS; STABILITY; SYMPTOMS AB This study compared behavioral presentation of toddlers with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and toddlers with global developmental delay (DD) or developmental language disorder (DLD) who display some characteristics of ASD using the diagnostic algorithm items from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Generic (ADOS), the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). To date, 195 children have failed the M-CHAT and have been diagnosed with ASD, DD or DLD. Children with ASD had prominent and consistent impairments in socialization skills, especially joint attention skills and were more impaired in some aspects of communication, play, and sensory processing. Children with ASD and children with DD/DLD shared common features, but certain behavioral markers differentiated the two groups. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Yale Univ, Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Ventola, P (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0177-z PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500003 PM 16897377 ER PT J AU Ellefsen, A Kampmann, H Billstedt, E Gillberg, IC Gillberg, C AF Ellefsen, Asa Kampmann, Hanna Billstedt, Eva Gillberg, I. Carina Gillberg, Christopher TI Autism in the Faroe Islands. An epidemiological study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; autism; prevalence; population study; Faroe Islands ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; POPULATION; INDIVIDUALS AB The Faroe Islands are considered to be a genetic isolate. This population study of the prevalence of autism sought to identify a representative cohort for future genetic studies. In 2002 all schools were screened for autism spectrum disorders. The target population were all children born in 1985 through 1994 and living in the Faroe Islands on December 31, 2002. Children who screened positive for autism characteristics were examined using the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO). Of the children aged 8 through 17 years, 0.56% had childhood autism, Asperger syndrome or atypical autism. The male:female ratio was just under 6:1. The prevalence of autism in the Faroe Islands was very similar to that reported from many western countries. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child Psychiat, S-41169 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ London, Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. RP Gillberg, C (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child Psychiat, Kungsgatan12, S-41169 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM anne-lee.loof@pediat.gu.se CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Arvidsson T., 1997, AUTISM, V1, P163, DOI 10.1177/1362361397012004 Billstedt E, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P351, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3302-5 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 GEIGER DA, 2004, MED SCI MONITOR, V10, P133 Gillberg C, 1999, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V99, P399, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00984.x Gillberg C., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P11, DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001002 Gillberg C, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P429, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0081-6 Gillberg C., 2000, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO Jamain S, 2003, NAT GENET, V34, P27, DOI 10.1038/ng1136 KOPP S, 2005, UNPUB 100 GIRLS SOCI LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Madsen KM, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P604, DOI 10.1542/peds.112.3.604 Miller JN, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P247 Rice DC, 2000, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V21, P1039 Rutter M, 2000, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V28, P3, DOI 10.1023/A:1005113900068 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WEIHE P, 2003, UGESKRIFT LAEGER, V6, P107 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE Wing L, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P307, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00023 YEARGINALLSOPP M, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V1, P49 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0178-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500004 PM 17029020 ER PT J AU Smith, BJ Gardiner, JM Bowler, DM AF Smith, Brenda J. Gardiner, John M. Bowler, Dermot M. TI Deficits in free recall persist in Asperger's syndrome despite training in the use of list-appropriate learning strategies SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's Syndrome; memory; free recall; task support; relational deficit; autism ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; MEMORY; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; ADULTS; MIND AB Free recall in adults with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) was compared with that in matched controls in an experiment including semantically similar, phonologically similar and unrelated word lists. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0180-4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500005 PM 16874560 ER PT J AU Rieffe, C Terwogt, MM Kotronopoulou, K AF Rieffe, Carolien Terwogt, Mark Meerum Kotronopoulou, Katerina TI Awareness of single and multiple emotions in high-functioning children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; emotional awareness; HFA; emotion concepts; emotions; fear ID EXPRESSION AB This study examined emotional awareness in children with autism. Twenty-two high functioning children with autism (mean age 10 years and 2 months) and 22 typically developing children, matched for age and gender, were presented with the four basic emotions (happiness, anger, sadness and fear) in single and multiple emotion tasks. Findings suggest that children with autism have difficulties identifying their own emotions and less developed emotion concepts (which causes an impaired capacity to differentiate between one's emotions within the negative spectrum). The outcome seems to point more to a single emotion perspective within the negative domain, with a more prominent position of fear in children with autism than in typically developing children. C1 Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ London, Sch Psychol & Human Dev, Inst Educ, London, England. RP Rieffe, C (reprint author), Leiden Univ, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0171-5 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500006 PM 16868846 ER PT J AU Zwaigenbaum, L Thurm, A Stone, W Baranek, G Bryson, S Iverson, J Kau, A Klin, A Lord, C Landa, R Rogers, S Sigman, M AF Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Thurm, Audrey Stone, Wendy Baranek, Grace Bryson, Susan Iverson, Jana Kau, Alice Klin, Ami Lord, Cathy Landa, Rebecca Rogers, Sally Sigman, Marian TI Studying the emergence of autism spectrum disorders in high-risk infants: Methodological and practical issues SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE early identification; screening; longitudinal studies; prospective studies; infant; autism; child development; siblings ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; 1ST 6 MONTHS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EARLY INTERVENTION; EARLY RECOGNITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; BROADER PHENOTYPE; PARENTAL REPORTS AB Detecting early signs of autism is essential for timely diagnosis and initiation of effective interventions. Several research groups have initiated prospective studies of high-risk populations including infant siblings, to systematically collect data on early signs within a longitudinal design. Despite the potential advantages of prospective studies of young children at high-risk for autism, there are also significant methodological, ethical and practical challenges. This paper outlines several of these challenges, including those related to sampling (e.g., defining appropriate comparison groups), measurement and clinical implications (e.g., addressing the needs of infants suspected of having early signs). We suggest possible design and implementation strategies to address these various challenges, based on current research efforts in the field and previous studies involving high-risk populations. C1 McMaster Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. NIMH, Div Pediat Translat Res & Treatment Dev, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Nashville, TN USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Occupat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Psychol, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NICHHD, Ctr Dev Biol & Perinatal Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Zwaigenbaum, L (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat, POB 2000, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 466 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0179-x PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500007 PM 16897376 ER PT J AU Soulieres, I Mottron, L Saumier, D Larochelle, S AF Soulieres, Isabelle Mottron, Laurent Saumier, Daniel Larochelle, Serge TI Atypical categorical perception in autism: Autonomy of discrimination? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE categorization; discrimination; categorical perception; top-down processing; autism ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; SPEECH SOUNDS; ENHANCED DISCRIMINATION; UNFAMILIAR FACES; MEMORY; INDIVIDUALS; BOUNDARIES; FAMILIAR; CONTEXT AB A diminished top-down influence has been proposed in autism, to account for enhanced performance in low-level perceptual tasks. Applied to perceptual categorization, this hypothesis predicts a diminished influence of category on discrimination. In order to test this hypothesis, we compared categorical perception in 16 individuals with and 16 individuals without high-functioning autism. While participants with and without autism displayed a typical classification curve, there was no facilitation of discrimination near the category boundary in the autism group. The absence of influence of categorical knowledge on discrimination suggests an increased autonomy of low-level perceptual processes in autism, in the form of a reduced top-down influence from categories toward discrimination. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Quebec City, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. Hop Riviere Des Prairies, Clin Specialisee Troubles Envahissants Dev, Quebec City, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Lady Davis Inst Med Res, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0172-4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500008 PM 16897381 ER PT J AU Wakabayashi, A Baron-Cohen, S Uchiyama, T Yoshida, Y Tojo, Y Kuroda, M Wheelwright, S AF Wakabayashi, Akio Baron-Cohen, Simon Uchiyama, Tokio Yoshida, Yuko Tojo, Yoshikuni Kuroda, Miho Wheelwright, Sally TI The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) children's version in Japan: A cross-cultural comparison SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ); Asperger syndrome; high-functioning autism; PDD-NOS; autistic traits; children ID COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDHOOD AB In the current study, the child AQ was administered in Japan, to examine whether the UK results for reliability and validity generalize to a different culture. Assessment groups were: Group 1: n = 81 children with Asperger Syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA); Group 2: n = 22 children diagnosed PDD-NOS with average IQ; and Group 3: n = 372 randomly selected controls from primary and secondary schools. Both clinical groups scored significantly higher than controls (AS/HFA mean AQ = 31.9, SD = 6.93; PDD-NOS mean AQ = 28.0, SD = 6.88; controls mean AQ = 11.7, SD = 5.94). Among the controls, males scored significantly higher than females. The pattern of difference between clinical groups and controls was found to be similar in both countries. C1 Chiba Univ, Dept Psychol, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. Yokohama Psycho Dev Clin, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2240032, Japan. Otsuma Womens Univ, Dept Human Relat, Fac Human Welfare, Tokyo 2068540, Japan. Natl Inst Special Educ, Sect Educat Children Autism, Tokyo 1800012, Japan. RP Wakabayashi, A (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Psychol, 1-33 Yayoi Cho, Chiba 2638522, Japan. EM akiowcam@mac.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Azuma H., 1998, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Baron-Cohen S, 1997, ADV INFANCY RES, V11, P193 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Baron-Cohen S, 2002, TRENDS COGN SCI, V6, P248, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 Cox J, 1986, TRANSCULTURAL PSYCHI Kitayama Shinobu, 1995, P439 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x Leekam SR, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P327, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00024 NEWTON E, 2003, ARCH DIS CHILD, V88, P595 Nunnaly J., 1978, PSYCHOMETRIC THEORY Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SHOPLER E, 1990, PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL PR, V1 WAKABAYASHI A, 2006, IN PRESS IS AUTISM S Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd Wing L, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P307, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00023 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0181-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500009 PM 16944324 ER PT J AU Warreyn, P Roeyers, H Van Wetswinkel, U De Groote, I AF Warreyn, Petra Roeyers, Herbert Van Wetswinkel, Ulla De Groote, Isabel TI Temporal coordination of joint attention behavior in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; preschool; social communication; joint attention ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; IMITATION; IDENTIFICATION; DEFICITS; INFANTS; SYSTEM; LEVEL; PLAY AB The current study investigated initiating and following declarative joint attention, and initiating requesting joint attention in a group of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and an age-matched control group. Different forms of joint attention were elicited while children interacted with their mothers. Temporal coordination of the children's joint attention behavior was examined using three levels of coding. Children with ASD showed less but similar requesting abilities and slower point following combined with an abnormal behavioral pattern of looking at the other person's pointing finger instead of the object pointed at. Initiating declarative behavior was qualitatively and quantitatively different, characterized by isolated instances of communication instead of a fluent shift of attention between object and person. C1 Univ Ghent VIB, Res Grp Dev Disorders, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Antwerp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Warreyn, P (reprint author), Univ Ghent VIB, Res Grp Dev Disorders, H Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Petra.Warreyn@UGent.be CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baldwin D. 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Bellugi, Ursula TI Orientation and affective expression effects on face recognition in Williams syndrome and autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; Williams syndrome; emotion; affect; face processing; visual discrimination ID COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; MEMORY; MRI; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NEUROANATOMY; INSTRUMENT; EXPERTISE; INVERSION AB We sought to clarify the nature of the face processing strength commonly observed in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) by comparing the face recognition ability of persons with WS to that of persons with autism and to healthy controls under three conditions: Upright faces with neutral expressions, upright faces with varying affective expressions, and inverted faces with neutral expressions. No differences were observed under the upright/neutral expression condition. However, the WS group was more accurate than the autism group when discriminating upright faces with varying affective expressions, whereas the opposite pattern emerged when discriminating inverted faces. We interpret these differences as a reflection of the contrasting social features of the two syndromes. C1 Alliant Int Univ, San Diego, CA USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Lab Cognit Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Evaluat & Serv Inc, Ctr Autism Res, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lincoln, AJ (reprint author), Alliant Int Univ, 6160 Cornerstone Ct E, San Diego, CA USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0200-4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500011 PM 16906460 ER PT J AU Dawson, G Estes, A Munson, J Schellenberg, G Bernier, R Abbott, R AF Dawson, Geraldine Estes, Annette Munson, Jeffrey Schellenberg, Gerard Bernier, Raphael Abbott, Robert TI Quantitative assessment of autism symptom-related traits in probands and parents: Broader phenotype autism symptom scale SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE broader phenotype; genetics; quantitative traits; autism ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; FAMILY HISTORY; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; TWIN; PERSONALITY; PERSPECTIVES; PREVALENCE AB Autism susceptibility genes likely have effects on continuously distributed autism-related traits, yet few measures of such traits exist. The Broader Phenotype Autism Symptom Scale (BPASS), developed for use with affected children and family members, measures social motivation, social expressiveness, conversational skills, and flexibility. Based on 201 multiplex families, psychometric data on the BPASS are reported. Adequate inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were found. Parents had lower BPASS scores than affected children, after controlling for IQ. Parents and affected children showed overlapping distributions suggesting the BPASS captured variability in traits across groups. BPASS scores were not correlated with ethnicity or parent education; however, some domains were correlated with IQ. The BPASS holds promise as a quantitative phenotypic assessment for genetic studies. C1 Univ Washington, Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Educ Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dawson, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Autism Ctr, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0182-2 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500012 PM 16868845 ER PT J AU Pilowsky, T Yirmiya, N Gross-Tsur, V Shalev, RS AF Pilowsky, Tammy Yirmiya, Nurit Gross-Tsur, Varda Shalev, Ruth S. TI Neuropsychological functioning of siblings of children with autism, siblings of children with developmental language delay, and siblings of children with mental retardation of unknown genetic etiology SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE behavioral genetics; intelligence; neuropsychological functioning; broad phenotype ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; FAMILY-HISTORY; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; COGNITIVE DISABILITIES; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; SUBCLINICAL MARKERS; MULTIPLE-INCIDENCE; NONVERBAL IQ; RISK-FACTORS AB Neuropsychological functioning of 30 siblings of children with autism (AU-S), 28 siblings of children with mental retardation of (MR-S), and 30 siblings of children with developmental language delay (DLD-S) was compared. Two siblings, both AU-S, received diagnoses of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). More siblings with cognitive disabilities were found in DLD-S than in AU-S. 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TI Emotional responsivity in children with autism, children with other developmental disabilities, and children with typical development SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE young children with autism; developmental disabilities; empathy; emotional responsiveness ID JOINT ATTENTION; IMITATION; DISTRESS; OTHERS AB Twenty six children with autism, 24 children with developmental disabilities, and 15 typically developing children participated in tasks in which an adult displayed emotions. Child focus of attention, change in facial tone (i.e., hedonic tone), and latency to changes in tone were measured and summary scores of emotional contagion were created. Group differences existed in the ratio of episodes that resulted in emotional contagion. Correlations existed between measures of emotional contagion, measures of joint attention, and indices of severity of autism. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 553 EP 563 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0186-y PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500014 PM 16933089 ER PT J AU Wimpory, DC Hobson, RP Nash, S AF Wimpory, Dawn C. Hobson, R. Peter Nash, Susan TI What facilitates social engagement in preschool children with autism? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE social engagement; intersubjectivity; communication; interaction; autism; preschool ID JOINT ATTENTION; PARENTAL REPORTS; GAZE BEHAVIOR; FOLLOW-UP; IMITATION; COMMUNICATION; RESPONSES; LANGUAGE; INFANTS; ACQUISITION AB We studied the association between an adult's behavior and episodes of social engagement (ESEs) in young children with autism during play-based assessment. ESEs were defined as events in which a child looked toward the adult's face and simultaneously showed an additional form of communicative behavior. The adult's behavior before each ESE, and before time-sampled control periods, was rated using Coding Active Sociability in Preschoolers with Autism (CASPA). As predicted, adult musical/motoric activity, communications that followed the child's focus of attention, scaffolding through social routines, imitations of the child, and adult repetitions were significantly more prevalent before ESEs, but cognitive assessment activities, adult inactivity, and "ignoring" were significantly less prevalent. We consider the implications for understanding the developmental psychopathology of autism. C1 Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, Wales. N Wales NHS Trust, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. Tavistock Clin, Dev Psychopathol Res Unit, London, England. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. RP Wimpory, DC (reprint author), Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, Wales. 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Pickett, Richard Pickett, Jane TI Autism post-mortem neuroinformatic resource: The Autism Tissue Program (ATP) informatics portal SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; neuroinformatics; brain imagery; neurology; Autism Tissue Program (ATP) ID BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; DISEASE; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; CHILDREN AB The Autism Tissue Program (ATP) was established to oversee and manage brain donations related to neurological research in autism. The ATP Informatics Portal (www.atpportal.org) is an integrated data access system based on Oracle technology, developed to provide access for researchers to information on this rare tissue resource. It also permits sorting of existing cases based on donor ante-mortem history as well as agonal states and post-mortem tissue conditions. Phase II of development established administrative tracking of registrants intending to donate, as well as management of tissue requests and the awarding and tracking of tissue. Phase III is the ongoing assimilation of data sets derived from research on a core group of donors with searchable access by investigators. C1 UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Prevent Med, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NAAR, Autism Tissue Program, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Brimacombe, MB (reprint author), UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Prevent Med, 185 S Orange Ave,MSB F-647,POB 1709, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. EM brimacmb@umdnj.edy CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 Bobinski M, 2000, NEUROSCIENCE, V95, P721 Brinkley JF, 2002, METHOD INFORM MED, V41, P245 Casanova MF, 2002, J CHILD NEUROL, V17, P515, DOI 10.1177/088307380201700708 Courchesne E, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P106, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20020 EBERHART CG, 2006, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Gupta A, 2003, NEURAL NETWORKS, V16, P1277, DOI 10.1016/j.neunet.2003.07.008 Kielinen M, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P49, DOI 10.1177/1362361304040638 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Palmen SJMC, 2004, BRAIN, V127, P2572, DOI 10.1093/brain/awh287 Perry EK, 2001, AM J PSYCHIAT, V158, P1058, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1058 Samaco RC, 2004, HUM MOL GENET, V13, P629, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddh063 Schmitz C, 2005, NEUROSCIENCE, V130, P813, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.08.050 Schumann CM, 2004, J NEUROSCI, V24, P6392, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1297-04.2004 Schumann CM, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P561, DOI 10.1023/A:1013294927413 Shavelle RM, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P569, DOI 10.1023/A:1013247011483 Toga AW, 2002, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V3, P302, DOI 10.1038/nrn782 Tuchman R, 2002, LANCET NEUROL, V1, P352, DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00160-6 Vargas DL, 2005, ANN NEUROL, V57, P67, DOI 10.1002/ana.20315 WEIMER R, 2003, METHODS INFORMATION, V42, P126 Wong STC, 2004, ACAD RADIOL, V11, P345, DOI 10.1016/S1076-6332(03)00676-7 YEARGINALLSOPP M, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P87 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 574 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0188-9 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500016 PM 16933088 ER PT J AU Bernabei, P Cerquiglini, A Cortesi, F D'Ardia, C AF Bernabei, P. Cerquiglini, A. Cortesi, F. D'Ardia, C. TI Regression versus no regression in the autistic disorder: Developmental trajectories SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; speech loss; regression; developmental marker; longitudinal study ID CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SPEECH LOSS; CHILDREN; AGE; ONSET; RECOGNITION; LANGUAGE; MEASLES AB Developmental regression is a complex phenomenon which occurs in 20-49% of the autistic population. Aim of the study was to assess possible differences in the development of regressed and non-regressed autistic preschoolers. We longitudinally studied 40 autistic children (18 regressed, 22 non-regressed) aged 2-6 years. The following developmental areas were considered fundamental in the first years of life, and were assessed at ages 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6: receptive and expressive language, communicative and request modalities, play activities, and mental age. Children who regressed showed lower mean performances than those who did not regress and, in the time intervals considered, non-regressed children improved their ratings in the above mentioned variables significantly more than regressed children. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Dev Neurol & Psychiat, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Bernabei, P (reprint author), Via Giulio Adamoli 28, I-00147 Rome, Italy. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 580 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0201-3 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500017 PM 16909312 ER PT J AU Mitchell, P Parsons, S Leonard, A AF Mitchell, Peter Parsons, Sarah Leonard, Anne TI Using virtual environments for teaching social understanding to 6 adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE virtual reality; single-user virtual environments; autism; Asperger's syndrome; social understanding ID CHILDREN; REALITY; KNOWLEDGE; MIND; INDIVIDUALS; INSTRUCTION; COMPUTERS; SKILLS; TOOL AB Six teenagers with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) experienced a Virtual Environment (VE) of a cafe. They also watched three sets of videos of real cafes and buses and judged where they would sit and explained why. Half of the participants received their VE experience between the first and second sets of videos, and half experienced it between the second and third. Ten naive raters independently coded participants' judgments and reasoning. In direct relation to the timing of VE use, there were several instances of significant improvement in judgments and explanations about where to sit, both in a video of a cafe and a bus. The results demonstrate the potential of Virtual Reality for teaching social skills. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Mitchell, P (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 589 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0189-8 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 142ZJ UT WOS:000244689500018 PM 16900403 ER PT J AU Bailine, SH Petraviciute, S AF Bailine, Samuel H. Petraviciute, Sonata TI Catatonia in autistic twins: Role of electroconvulsive therapy SO JOURNAL OF ECT LA English DT Article DE autism; catatonia; ECT AB Autism and Asperger disorder are pervasive developmental disorders that impair social interactions and communications. They are characterized by repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Catatonia, a syndrome which is most often associated with schizophrenia and affective disorders, is seen in up to 6% of patients with autistic spectrum disorders and in 12% to 17% of adolescents with these disorders. Catatonic symptoms in these cases have been responsive to treatment with electroconvulsive therapy. We report a case of adolescent identical twins with PDD/Asperger disorder who exhibited catatonia and were successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy. C1 Hillside Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Glen Oaks, NY 11004 USA. RP Bailine, SH (reprint author), Zucker Hillside Hosp, 75-79 263rd St, Glen Oaks, NY 11004 USA. 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ECT PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 21 EP 22 DI 10.1097/01.yct.0000263256.06421.7a PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry GA 150VO UT WOS:000245247900008 PM 17435568 ER PT J AU Berney, T AF Berney, Tom TI Pervasive developmental disorder in mental retardation scale (PDD-MRS) SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POPULATION C1 Prudhoe Hosp, Prudhoe, Northd, England. RP Berney, T (reprint author), Prudhoe Hosp, Prudhoe, Northd, England. CR de Bildt A, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P595, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000005997.92287.a3 Filipek PA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P468 Kraijer D., 2006, PERVASIVE DEV DISORD Kraijer D, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P499, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-5040-0 Kraijer D. W., 1997, AUTISM AUTISTIC LIKE La Malfa G, 2004, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V48, P262, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00567.x Le Couteur A. S., 2003, NATL AUTISM PLAN CHI Morgan C. N., 2002, PSYCHIAT B, V26, P127, DOI 10.1192/pb.26.4.127 Williams J, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P11, DOI 10.1177/13623613060S7876 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 51 BP 250 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00887.x PN 3 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 133EB UT WOS:000243994000009 ER PT J AU Walworth, DD AF Walworth, Darcy DeLoach TI The use of music therapy within the SCERTS model for children with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOLERS; STUDENTS AB The SCERTS model is a new, comprehensive curriculum designed to assess and identify treatment goals and objectives within a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and educators for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This model is an ongoing assessment tool with resulting goals and objectives derived there from. Because music therapy offers a unique interaction setting for children with ASD to elicit communication skills, music therapists will need to be an integral part of the multidisciplinary assessment team using the SCERTS model which is projected to become the primary nation wide curriculum for children with ASD. The purpose of this paper is to assist music therapists in transitioning to this model by providing an overview and explanation of the SCERTS model and by identifying how music therapists are currently providing clinical services incorporated in the SCERTS Model for children with ASD. In order to formulate comprehensive transitional suggestions, a national survey of music therapists working with clients at risk or diagnosed with ASD was conducted to: (a) identify the areas of SCERTS assessment model that music therapists are currently addressing within their written goals for clients with ASD, (b) identify current music therapy activities that address various SCERTS goal's and objectives, and (c) provide demographic information about settings, length, and tools used in music therapy interventions for clients with ASD. C1 Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Walworth, DD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. CR BARTAK L, 1973, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V14, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01185.x Brownell MD, 2002, J MUSIC THER, V39, P117 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P307 Dawson G., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P151, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000675 GREY C, 1993, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V8, P1 Kamps DM, 1995, BEHAV DISORDERS, V21, P89 LEWY AL, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF00911240 Lord C., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P195 MCGEE GG, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P117, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-117 MCGEE GG, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-147 McGee J. P., 2001, ED CHILDREN AUTISM Prizant B. M., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P572 Prizant B. M., 1993, COMMUNICATIVE ALTERN, P263 Prizant BM, 2003, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V16, P296 Rapin I., 1996, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN I, P98 Rogers S., 1988, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V10, P135 ROGERS SJ, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P207, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00010 Schuler A. L., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P539 Simpson J, 2004, MUSIC THERAPY REIMBU Stone WL, 1997, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V25, P475, DOI 10.1023/A:1022685731726 STRAIN PS, 1995, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V3, P2 STRAIN PS, 1994, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V2, P78 Wetherby Amy M., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P109 Whipple J, 2004, J MUSIC THER, V41, P90 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 PU NATL ASSOC MUSIC THERAPY INC PI SILVER SPRING PA 8455 COLESVILLE RD, STE 1000, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 0022-2917 J9 J MUSIC THER JI J. Music Ther. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 2 EP 22 PG 21 WC Music; Rehabilitation SC Music; Rehabilitation GA 159AU UT WOS:000245838600001 PM 17419661 ER PT J AU Lalwani, K Kitchin, J Lax, P AF Lalwani, Kirk Kitchin, Jonathan Lax, Peter TI Office-based dental rehabilitation in children with special healthcare needs using a pediatric sedation service model SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS SEDATION; GENERAL-ANESTHESIA; OTOLARYNGOLOGY; PROPOFOL AB Purpose: 1) To review our experience with office-based sedation/anesthesia for children with special healthcare needs who underwent dental rehabilitation at our institution. 2) To compare the cost to comparable patients who underwent similar procedures in the operating room. Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of patients' medical records and the sedation service database. Group CL 114 patients who underwent office-based dental rehabilitation (135 procedures). Group OR: 23 patients who underwent dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia in the operating room for cost comparison. Outcomes: 1) Efficacy (procedure completion rate and unplanned admissions); 2) Safety (complications and interventions); .3) Comparison of mean hospital charges billed between groups. Results: Demographics were similar in both groups. The most common specific underlying diagnoses were autism (38%), cerebral palsy/developmental delay (18%) and ADHD (4%) in both groups. Efficacy: procedure completion rate was 98.5% (2 aborted). There was 1 (0.7%) unplanned postanesthetic care unit admission due to an adverse drug event. Safety: 2 (1.5%) patients required invasive airway control. Eighteen (13.3%) patients developed transient hypoxemia. Twenty-three (17%) patients had airway obstruction needing simple intervention, and 1 (0.7%) patient had hypotension. There were no serious complications. Cost: mean total hospital charges were considerably higher in group OR ($6,126), versus group CL ($1,277), even after adjustment for inflation and length of procedure (P <.0001). Conclusion: Office-based dental rehabilitation using a pediatric sedation service model in children with special needs is efficient, and can achieve average savings of $4,849 in hospital charges per patient. (C) 2007 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol& Perioperat Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Lalwani, K (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Anesthesiol& Perioperat Med, UHS-2,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM lalwanik@ohsu.edu CR American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2004, PEDIAT DENT S, V26, P95 BLOOMFIELD EL, 1993, RADIOLOGY, V186, P93 Chaushu S, 2002, EUR J ORTHODONT, V24, P81, DOI 10.1093/ejo/24.1.81 Cote CJ, 2000, PEDIATRICS, V106, P633, DOI 10.1542/peds.106.4.633 Coyle TT, 2005, J ORAL MAXIL SURG, V63, P163, DOI 10.1016/j.joms.2004.10.003 Hertzog JH, 2000, PEDIATRICS, V106, P742, DOI 10.1542/peds.106.4.742 Kanellis MJ, 2000, J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT, V60, P28 Kezirian EJ, 2001, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V124, P496, DOI 10.1067/mhn.2001.114675 Lee J Y, 2000, Pediatr Dent, V22, P27 Miyawaki T, 2004, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V48, P764, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00598.x PERROTT DH, 2005, J ORAL MAXILLOFAC SU, V61, P983 ROSENBERG MB, 1991, ORAL SURG ORAL MED O, V71, P1 Shiley SG, 2003, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V129, P637, DOI 10.1001/archotol.129.6.637 Tate Anupama Rao, 2002, Pediatr Dent, V24, P69 Wong F S, 1997, Int Dent J, V47, P285 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 3 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2005.12.057 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 144XU UT WOS:000244830600010 PM 17307588 ER PT J AU Conyers, R Efron, D AF Conyers, Rachel Efron, Daryl TI Agitation and weight loss in an autistic boy SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE autism; bezoar; protein energy malnutrition AB An 11 year old boy with autism presented with a 2-month history of agitated behaviour with associated weight loss. On examination he was wasted and distressed. He had severe hypoalbuminaemia. Gastrointestinal imaging revealed a gastric bezoar. At operation a large phytobezoar extending into the jejunum was identified and removed. Postoperatively he required intensive nutritional resuscitation and support, including treatment of multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Malnutrition is common in children with developmental disabilities, with a number of possible contributing factors. Gastric bezoar is a rare cause, which should be considered in mobile children who may engage in pica. C1 Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Gen Paediat, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Efron, D (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Gen Paediat, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM daryl.efron@rch.org.au CR ACAR T, 2003, NZ MED J, V116, P422 ANDRUS CH, 1988, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V83, P476 Manikam R, 2000, J CLIN GASTROENTEROL, V30, P34, DOI 10.1097/00004836-200001000-00007 Santiago Sánchez C A, 1996, Bol Asoc Med P R, V88, P8 Sullivan PB, 2002, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V44, P461, DOI 10.1017/S0012162201002365 Sullivan PB, 2000, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V42, P674, DOI 10.1017/S0012162200001249 WALKERRENARD P, 1993, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V88, P1663 *WHO DEP NUTR HLTH, 2000, NUTR HLTH DEV GLOB A NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1034-4810 J9 J PAEDIATR CHILD H JI J. Paediatr. Child Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 186 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01041.x PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 132WT UT WOS:000243974300018 PM 17316195 ER PT J AU Lee, S Odom, SL Loftin, R AF Lee, SoHyun Odom, Samuel L. Loftin, Rachel TI Social engagement with peers and stereotypic behavior of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-STIMULATION; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; TEACHING-CHILDREN; PIVOTAL RESPONSE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; DISABILITIES; INITIATIONS; DISORDERS; VALIDITY AB In this study, the authors examined the relationship between engagement in social interaction with peers and stereotypic behavior. Three children with autism with relatively high rates of stereotypic behavior and low rates of social engagement with peers participated in the study. Two typically developing peers learned to direct social initiations to each participant during structured play activities, which increased the frequency of peer social engagement for the children with autism. Collateral decreases in stereotypic behavior occurred for all three participants when the peer-mediated intervention was implemented, and the results generalized to a proximal play setting. Conditional probability analyses further documented this inverse relationship between social and stereotypic behavior. Simultaneous (i.e., motor and oral/vocal) and motor stereotypic behaviors were the most directly affected by the increase in social engagement. Social validity ratings documented the social importance of the changes in both social engagement and stereotypic behavior for the children with autism. C1 Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, CB 8180,105 Smith Level Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM slodom@unc.edu CR Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BIRD F, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P37 BODFISH JW, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P183 BRUSCA RM, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P127 DONNELLAN AM, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02409663 DURAND VM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P777, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-777 DURAND VM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-119 Goldstein H, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P33 Horner RH, 2005, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V71, P165 Koegel LK, 2003, TOP LANG DISORD, V23, P134 KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-381 KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 Lee S, 1996, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V21, P88 Lewis MH, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P80, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<80::AID-MRDD4>3.0.CO;2-0 LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531658 McConnell SR, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P351, DOI 10.1023/A:1020537805154 Morrison K, 1997, RES DEV DISABIL, V18, P127, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00046-7 Nuzzolo-Gomez R, 2002, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V4, P80, DOI 10.1177/109830070200400203 ODOM S, 1987, UNPUB TEACHING STRAT ODOM S, 1993, VANDERBILT MINNESOTA Odom S. L., 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V18, P166, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576030180030401 ODOM SL, 1992, BEHAV ASSESS, V14, P407 OKE NJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02216054 Pierce K, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P157, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-157 REPP AC, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P413 Rogers SJ, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1005543321840 RUNCO MA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531576 SCHWARTZ IS, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-189 STRAIN PS, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P583, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-583 STRAIN PS, 1986, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V52, P543 TAPP J, 1995, BEHAV RES METH INSTR, V27, P25, DOI 10.3758/BF03203616 Turner M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P839, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099004278 Volkmar FR, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P135, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00317.x WACKER DP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417 WOLF MM, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P203, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-203 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA SN 1098-3007 J9 J POSIT BEHAV INTERV JI J. Posit. Behav. Interv. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1177/10983007070090020401 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 159BG UT WOS:000245839800002 ER PT J AU Hubbard, K Trauner, DA AF Hubbard, Kathleen Trauner, Doris A. TI Intonation and emotion in autistic spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger syndrome; prosody ID FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; VOCAL EMOTION; SPEECH; EXPRESSION; PROSODY; STRESS AB The classic picture of an autistic individual includes an impoverished ability to interpret or express emotion. The prosody of spoken language in autistic children is thought to lack emotional content. In this study, the verbal intonation of children with autism was examined and compared to that of children with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and normal controls (ctrl). Utterances elicited by repetition and by spontaneous story completion were analyzed by quantifying phonetic features (pitch, amplitude, and length) and comparing them to subjective ratings of produced emotion (happy, sad or angry). Since the most consistent phonetic correlate of these emotional targets has been demonstrated to be pitch range, speakers with autistic spectrum disorders were expected to have decreased pitch range; however in the repetition task, autistic subjects actually had a larger pitch range than the other groups. Other measures of intonation including amplitude, duration, and location of pitch peak revealed defects that are more complex than predicted. In spontaneous speech, autistic subjects performed more poorly on both phonetic targets and subjective ratings than ctrls, and AS subjects fell between autistics and normals. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci & Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Trauner, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci & Pediat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dtrauner@ucsd.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BACHOROWSKI JA, 1995, PSYCHOL SCI, V6, P219, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00596.x Banse R, 1996, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V70, P614, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.614 Bolinger DL, 1955, WORD, V11, P195 FRICK RW, 1985, MEM COGNITION, V13, P346, DOI 10.3758/BF03202502 Ladd D. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10936-006-9037-4 PG 15 WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 145LO UT WOS:000244866800004 PM 17136465 ER PT J AU Browder, DM Wakeman, SY Flowers, C Rickelman, RJ Pugalee, D Karvonen, M AF Browder, Diane M. Wakeman, Shawnee Y. Flowers, Claudia Rickelman, Robert J. Pugalee, Dave Karvonen, Meagan TI Creating access to the general curriculum with links to grade-level content for students with significant cognitive disabilities: An explication of the concept SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID MODERATE MENTAL-RETARDATION; ALTERNATE ASSESSMENTS; READING-INSTRUCTION; MULTIPLE DISABILITIES; TEACHING-CHILDREN; STANDARDS; ALIGNMENT; AUTISM; SKILLS; STATES AB Current federal policy requires that students with disabilities participate in large-scale assessments and be included in schools' scores for adequate yearly progress. Students with significant cognitive disabilities may participate in an alternate assessment with alternate achievement standards, but these standards must be linked to grade-level content and promote access to the general curriculum. Because most research with this population has focused on nonacademic life skills, few guidelines exist for teaching and assessing skills that are linked to grade-level content. One challenge to developing research and practice in grade-linked academic content for students with significant cognitive disabilities is the absence of a clear conceptual framework. This article-developed by a team of special education, curriculum content, and measurement experts-proposes a conceptual definition and criteria for linking instruction and assessment to grade-level academic content. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Special Educ & Child Dev, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. 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PD SPR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1177/00224669070410010101 PG 15 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 158XH UT WOS:000245828200001 ER PT J AU Lincoln, AJ Searcy, YM Jones, W Lord, C AF Lincoln, Alan J. Searcy, Yvonne M. Jones, Wendy Lord, Catherine TI Social interaction behaviors discriminate young children with autism and Williams syndrome SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Williams syndrome; autism; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LANGUAGE DISORDER; BRAIN; COGNITION; DEFICITS; HYPERSOCIABILITY; COMMUNICATION; PERSONALITY AB Objective: Autistic disorder (AD) and Williams syndrome (WS) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by contrasting abnormal social behavior (the former, socially avoidant; the latter, outwardly social); nonetheless, there are individuals with WS who display some behaviors that are characteristic of AD. We quantified the extent to which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behaviors were present in children with WS. Method: Twenty children with WS (27-58 months) and 26 age- and IQ-equivalent children with AD were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). ADOS behaviors were compared between groups. Results: Two children with WS met DSM-IV criteria for AD, one of whom was also classified as having AD by the ADOS algorithm. Discriminant analysis of ADOS behaviors indicated that gesture, showing, and quality of social overtures best discriminated the groups. Conclusions: Although some children with WS demonstrated some ASD behaviors, and a minority of children with WS had coexisting AD, the symptom profile in WS was different from AD. Despite some deficits in communication behaviors, showing, and initiating joint attention, children with WS made social overtures and efforts to engage others, whereas children with AD tended not to do so. C1 Alliant Int Univ, Calif Sch Profess Psychol, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Cognit Neurosci Lab, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RP Lincoln, AJ (reprint author), Alliant Int Univ, Calif Sch Profess Psychol, 6160 Cornerstone Court E, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. 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CR Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM Courchesne E, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V290, P337, DOI 10.1001/jama.290.3.337 Friedlander AH, 2006, J AM DENT ASSOC, V137, P1517 Gillberg C., 2000, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO *NLM FAM FDN, 2004, D TERM PROGR REP TAS Vargas DL, 2005, ANN NEUROL, V57, P67, DOI 10.1002/ana.20315 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 138 IS 3 BP 286 EP 288 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 146FE UT WOS:000244919100005 PM 17332028 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AH AF Friedlander, Arthur H. TI More about autism - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID PARENTS; PHENOTYPE; FAMILIES; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN; TRAITS C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. 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Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 138 IS 3 BP 288 EP + PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 146FE UT WOS:000244919100007 ER PT J AU Wickenhauser, AJ AF Wickenhauser, Alan J. TI More about autism SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter CR *AUT SOC AM, WHAT IS AUT Friedlander AH, 2006, J AM DENT ASSOC, V137, P1517 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 138 IS 3 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 146FE UT WOS:000244919100006 PM 17332031 ER PT J AU Dewey, D Cantell, M Crawford, SG AF Dewey, Deborah Cantell, Marja Crawford, Susan G. TI Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gestures; motor performance; autism spectrum disorders; developmental coordination disorder; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; dyspraxia ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RATING-SCALE; IMITATION; IMPAIRMENT; CLUMSINESS; SKILLS AB Motor and gestural skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were investigated. A total of 49 children with ASD, 46 children with DCD, 38 children with DCD + ADHD, 27 children with ADHD, and 78 typically developing control children participated. Motor skills were assessed with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Short Form, and gestural skills were assessed using a test that required children to produce meaningful gestures to command and imitation. Children with ASD, DCD, and DCD+ADHD were significantly impaired on motor coordination skills; however, only children with ASD showed a generalized impairment in gestural performance. Examination of types of gestural errors revealed that children with ASD made significantly more incorrect action and orientation errors to command, and significantly more orientation and distortion errors to imitation than children with DCD, DCD + ADHD, ADHD, and typically developing control children. These findings suggest that gestural impairments displayed by the children with ASD were not solely attributable to deficits in motor coordination skills. C1 Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Behav Res Unit, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Pediat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. 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TI Asperger syndrome - A too late diagnosed disorder? SO KLINISCHE PADIATRIE LA German DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; pervasive developmental disorder; behavioural symptoms; differential diagnosis; therapy ID AUTISM AB Asperger syndrome is a disorder within the autistic spectrum, which was first described by Hans Asperger in 1944. It belongs to the group of pervasive developmental disorders and is particularly characterized by qualitative impairments of social interaction and communication as well as distinct special interests and stereotyped patterns of behaviour. We present a patient, showing the typical behavioural symptoms of the Asperger syndrome, which were first diagnosed at the age of sixteen. C1 Zent Inst Seel Gesundheit, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany. RP Ristow, G (reprint author), Zent Inst Seel Gesundheit, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Postfach 122120, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany. 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PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 219 IS 2 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1055/s-2007-933382 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 159TF UT WOS:000245888800009 PM 17405073 ER PT J AU Seeman, C AF Seeman, Carey TI Reasonable people: A memoir of autism and adoption. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Michigan, Kresge Business Adm Lib, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Seeman, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Kresge Business Adm Lib, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CR Savarese RJ, 2007, REASONABLE PEOPLE ME NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 4 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 141WE UT WOS:000244608900165 ER PT J AU Cheslack-Postava, K Fallin, MD Avramopoulos, D Connors, SL Zimmerman, AW Eberhart, CG Newschaffer, CJ AF Cheslack-Postava, K. Fallin, M. D. Avramopoulos, D. Connors, S. L. Zimmerman, A. W. Eberhart, C. G. Newschaffer, C. J. TI beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene variants and risk for autism in the AGRE cohort SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE association study; autistic disorder; beta-2 adrenergic receptors; effect modification; single nucleotide polymorphism; stress ID BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR; BLOOD-FLOW RESPONSES; BETA-2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; PRETERM DELIVERY; IN-VIVO; TERBUTALINE EXPOSURE; PERINATAL FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CRITICAL PERIODS; DOWN-REGULATION AB The beta(2)-adrenergic receptor is part of the catecholamine system, and variants at two polymorphic sites in the gene coding for the receptor (ADRB2) confer increased activity. Overstimulation of this receptor may alter brain development, and has been linked to autism in non-identical twins. The objective of this study was to determine whether alleles in ADRB2 are associated with diagnosis of autism in the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) population. Three hundred and thirty-one independent autism case - parent trios were included in the analysis. Subjects were genotyped at activity-related polymorphisms rs1042713 ( codon 16) and rs1042714 ( codon 27). Association between autism and genotypes at each polymorphic site was tested using genotype-based transmission disequilibrium tests, and effect modification by family and pregnancy characteristics was evaluated. Sensitivity to designation of the proband in each family was assessed by performing 1000 repeats of the analysis selecting affected children randomly. A statistically significant OR of 1.66 for the Glu27 homozygous genotype was observed. Increased associations with this genotype were observed among a subset of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule confirmed cases and a subset reporting experience of pregnancy-related stressors. In conclusion, the Glu27 allele of the ADRB2 gene may confer increased risk of autism and shows increased strength with exposure to pregnancy related stress. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Med Genet, Baltimore, MD USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Newschaffer, CJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Psychiatr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001940 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 141DX UT WOS:000244559000012 PM 17199132 ER PT J AU Corbett, BA Kantor, AB Schulman, H Walker, WL Lit, L Ashwood, P Rocke, DM Sharp, FR AF Corbett, B. A. Kantor, A. B. Schulman, H. Walker, W. L. Lit, L. Ashwood, P. Rocke, D. M. Sharp, F. R. TI A proteomic study of serum from children with autism showing differential expression of apolipoproteins and complement proteins SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein B-100; apolipoprotein; complement; autism; blood; proteomics ID COMMON DIETARY PROTEINS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; FACTOR-H; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES AB Modern methods that use systematic, quantitative and unbiased approaches are making it possible to discover proteins altered by a disease. To identify proteins that might be differentially expressed in autism, serum proteins from blood were subjected to trypsin digestion followed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) on time-of-flight (TOF) instruments to identify differentially expressed peptides. Children with autism 4 - 6 years of age (n = 69) were compared to typically developing children ( n = 35) with similar age and gender distributions. A total of 6348 peptide components were quantified. Of these, five peptide components corresponding to four known proteins had an effect size > 0.99 with a P < 0.05 and a Mascot identification score of 30 or greater for autism compared to controls. The four proteins were: Apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, Complement Factor H Related Protein (FHR1), Complement C1q and Fibronectin 1 (FN1). In addition, apo B-100 and apo A-IV were higher in children with high compared to low functioning autism. Apos are involved in the transport of lipids, cholesterol and vitamin E. The complement system is involved in the lysis and removal of infectious organisms in blood, and may be involved in cellular apoptosis in brain. Despite limitations of the study, including the low fold changes and variable detection rates for the peptide components, the data support possible differences of circulating proteins in autism, and should help stimulate the continued search for causes and treatments of autism by examining peripheral blood. C1 Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. PPD Biomarker Discovery Sci, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Corbett, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 BP 292 EP 306 DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001943 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 141DX UT WOS:000244559000013 PM 17189958 ER PT J AU Szatmari, P Paterson, AD Zwaigenbaum, L Roberts, W Brian, J Liu, XQ Vincent, JB Skaug, JL Thompson, AP Senman, L Feuk, L Qian, C Bryson, SE Jones, MB Marshall, CR Scherer, SW Vieland, VJ Bartlett, C Mangin, LV Goedken, R Segre, A Pericak-Vance, MA Cuccaro, ML Gilbert, JR Wright, HH Abramson, RK Betancur, C Bourgeron, T Gillberg, C Leboyer, M Buxbaum, JD Davis, KL Hollander, E Silverman, JM Hallmayer, J Lotspeich, L Sutcliffe, JS Haines, JL Folstein, SE Piven, J Wassink, TH Sheffield, V Geschwind, DH Bucan, M Brown, WT Cantor, RM Constantino, JN Gilliam, TC Herbert, M LaJonchere, C Ledbetter, DH Lese-Martin, C Miller, J Nelson, S Samango-Sprouse, CA Spence, S State, M Tanzi, RE Coon, H Dawson, G Devlin, B Estes, A Flodman, P Klei, L McMahon, WM Minshew, N Munson, J Korvatska, E Rodier, PM Schellenberg, GD Smith, M Spence, MA Stodgell, C Tepper, PG Wijsman, EM Yu, CE Roge, B Mantoulan, C Wittemeyer, K Poustka, A Felder, B Klauck, SM Schuster, C Poustka, F Bolte, S Feineis-Matthews, S Herbrecht, E Schmotzer, G Tsiantis, J Papanikolaou, K Maestrini, E Bacchelli, E Blasi, F Carone, S Toma, C Van Engeland, H de Jonge, M Kemner, C Koop, F Langemeijer, M Hijimans, C Staal, WG Baird, G Bolton, PF Rutter, ML Weisblatt, E Green, J Aldred, C Wilkinson, JA Pickles, A Le Couteur, A Berney, T McConachie, H Bailey, AJ Francis, K Honeyman, G Hutchinson, A Parr, JR Wallace, S Monaco, AP Barnby, G Kobayashi, K Lamb, JA Sousa, I Sykes, N Cook, EH Guter, SJ Leventhal, BL Salt, J Lord, C Corsello, C Hus, V Weeks, DE Volkmar, F Tauber, M Fombonne, E Shih, A AF Szatmari, Peter Paterson, Andrew D. Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Roberts, Wendy Brian, Jessica Liu, Xiao-Qing Vincent, John B. Skaug, Jennifer L. Thompson, Ann P. Senman, Lili Feuk, Lars Qian, Cheng Bryson, Susan E. Jones, Marshall B. Marshall, Christian R. Scherer, Stephen W. Vieland, Veronica J. Bartlett, Christopher Mangin, La Vonne Goedken, Rhinda Segre, Alberto Pericak-Vance, Margaret A. Cuccaro, Michael L. Gilbert, John R. Wright, Harry H. Abramson, Ruth K. Betancur, Catalina Bourgeron, Thomas Gillberg, Christopher Leboyer, Marion Buxbaum, Joseph D. Davis, Kenneth L. Hollander, Eric Silverman, Jeremy M. Hallmayer, Joachim Lotspeich, Linda Sutcliffe, James S. Haines, Jonathan L. Folstein, Susan E. Piven, Joseph Wassink, Thomas H. Sheffield, Val Geschwind, Daniel H. Bucan, Maja Brown, W. Ted Cantor, Rita M. Constantino, John N. Gilliam, T. Conrad Herbert, Martha LaJonchere, Clara Ledbetter, David H. Lese-Martin, Christa Miller, Janet Nelson, Stan Samango-Sprouse, Carol A. Spence, Sarah State, Matthew Tanzi, Rudolph E. Coon, Hilary Dawson, Geraldine Devlin, Bernie Estes, Annette Flodman, Pamela Klei, Lambertus McMahon, William M. Minshew, Nancy Munson, Jeff Korvatska, Elena Rodier, Patricia M. Schellenberg, Gerard D. Smith, Moyra Spence, M. Anne Stodgell, Chris Tepper, Ping Guo Wijsman, Ellen M. Yu, Chang-En Roge, Bernadette Mantoulan, Carine Wittemeyer, Kerstin Poustka, Annemarie Felder, Barbel Klauck, Sabine M. Schuster, Claudia Poustka, Fritz Boelte, Sven Feineis-Matthews, Sabine Herbrecht, Evelyn Schmoetzer, Gabi Tsiantis, John Papanikolaou, Katerina Maestrini, Elena Bacchelli, Elena Blasi, Francesca Carone, Simona Toma, Claudio Van Engeland, Herman de Jonge, Maretha Kemner, Chantal Koop, Frederike Langemeijer, Marjolijn Hijimans, Channa Staal, Wouter G. Baird, Gillian Bolton, Patrick F. Rutter, Michael L. Weisblatt, Emma Green, Jonathan Aldred, Catherine Wilkinson, Julie-Anne Pickles, Andrew Le Couteur, Ann Berney, Tom McConachie, Helen Bailey, Anthony J. Francis, Kostas Honeyman, Gemma Hutchinson, Aislinn Parr, Jeremy R. Wallace, Simon Monaco, Anthony P. Barnby, Gabrielle Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Lamb, Janine A. Sousa, Ines Sykes, Nuala Cook, Edwin H. Guter, Stephen J. Leventhal, Bennett L. Salt, Jeff Lord, Catherine Corsello, Christina Hus, Vanessa Weeks, Daniel E. Volkmar, Fred Tauber, Maite Fombonne, Eric Shih, Andy TI Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GENOME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; GLUTAMATE; NEUROLIGINS; FAMILY; TWIN; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; DISSECTION AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable neurodevelopmental conditions. The genetic architecture of ASDs is complex, requiring large samples to overcome heterogeneity. Here we broaden coverage and sample size relative to other studies of ASDs by using Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays and 1,168 families with at least two affected individuals, performing the largest linkage scan to date while also analyzing copy number variation in these families. Linkage and copy number variation analyses implicate chromosome 11p12-p13 and neurexins, respectively, among other candidate loci. Neurexins team with previously implicated neuroligins for glutamatergic synaptogenesis, highlighting glutamate-related genes as promising candidates for contributing to ASDs. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genome Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Pediat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Autism Res Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Clarke Inst, Ctr Addist & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Clarke Inst, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Izaak Walton Killam Hlth Ctr, Dept Pediat, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Izaak Walton Killam Hlth Ctr, Dept Psychol, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neural & Behav Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Columbus Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Quantitat & Computat Biol, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Comp Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Inst Human Genet, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Paris 12, INSERM, U513, F-94000 Creteil, France. Inst Pasteur, F-75013 Paris, France. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. Grp Hosp Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, APHP, Dept Psychiat, F-94000 Creteil, France. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Greater New York Autism Ctr Excellence, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Cure Autism Now, Los Angeles, CA 90036 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Pugent Sound VA Hlth Care Syst, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept OB GYN, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Toulouse Le Mirail, Ctr Etud & Rech Psychopathol, CERPP, F-31058 Toulouse, France. Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Mol Genome Anal, DKFZ, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapy Kindes & Jugendalte, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Athens, Aghia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, Athens 11526, Greece. Univ Bologna, Dept Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, London SE1 9RT, England. Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London, England. SGDP, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. Univ Manchester, Booth Hall Childrens Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Manchester M13 9P, Lancs, England. Univ Newcastle, Sir James Space Inst, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX3 7LQ, England. Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. Univ Illinois, Inst Juvenile Res, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. Univ Michigan, Autism & Communicat Disorders Ctr, UMACC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. CHU Toulouse, Serv Pediat & Genet Med, Toulouse, France. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. Autism Speeks, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Scherer, SW (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. 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TI Neurophysiological correlates of relatively enhanced local visual search in autistic adolescents SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE autism; embedded figures task; weak central coherence; enhanced perceptual functioning; primary visual cortex; functional magnetic resonance imaging ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER; DISEMBEDDING PERFORMANCE; HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; CHILDREN; TASK; INFORMATION AB Previous studies found normal or even superior performance of autistic patients on visuospatial tasks requiring local search, like the Embedded Figures Task (EFT). A well-known interpretation of this is "weak central coherence", i.e. autistic patients may show a reduced general ability to process information in its context and may therefore have a tendency to favour local over global aspects of information processing. An alternative view is that the local processing advantage in the EFT may result from a relative amplification of early perceptual processes which boosts processing of local stimulus properties but does not affect processing of global context. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 12 autistic adolescents (9 Asperger and 3 high-functioning autistic patients) and 12 matched controls to help distinguish, on neurophysiological grounds, between these two accounts of EFT performance in autistic patients. Behaviourally, we found autistic individuals to be unimpaired during the EFT while they were significantly worse at performing a closely matched control task with minimal local search requirements. The fMRI results showed that activations specific for the local search aspects of the EFT were left-lateralised in parietal and premotor areas for the control group (as previously demonstrated for adults), whereas for the patients these activations were found in right primary visual cortex and bilateral extrastriate areas. These results suggest that enhanced local processing in early visual areas, as opposed to impaired processing of global context, is characteristic for performance of the EFT by autistic patients. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Res Ctr Julich, Dept Med, Inst Neurosci & Biophys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Res Ctr Julich, Brain Imaging Ctr W, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Hosp Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. UCL, Inst Neurol, Wellcome Trust Ctr Neuroimaging, London WC1N 3BG, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Clin Neurol, Neuropsychol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. 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Roesler, Rafael Schroder, Nadja TI Impairments of social behavior and memory after neonatal gastrin-releasing peptide receptor blockade in rats: Implications for an animal model of neurodevelopmental disorders SO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bombesin-like peptides; gastrin-releasing peptide receptor; RC-3095; social behavior; memory; neurodevelopmental disorders ID BOMBESIN-LIKE PEPTIDES; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; ANTAGONIST RC-3095; RECOGNITION MEMORY; MICE LACKING; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; MOUSE MODELS; AUTISM; BRAIN AB The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) has been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including neurodevelopmental disorders associated with autism. In the present study we examined the effects of GRPR blockade during the neonatal period on behavioral measures relevant to animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Male Wistar rats were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either saline (SAL) or the GRPR antagonist [D-Tpi(6), Lett(13) PSi(CH2NH)-Leu(14)] bombesin (6-14) (RC-3095; 1 or 10 mg/kg) twice daily for 10 days from postnatal days (PN) 1 to 10. Animals treated with RC-3095 showed pronounced deficits in social interaction when tested at PN 30-35 and impaired 24-h retention of memory for both novel object recognition (NOR) and inhibitory avoidance (IA) tasks tested at PN 60-71. Neither short-term memory tested 1.5 h posttraining nor open field behavior were affected by neonatal GRPR blockade. The implications of the findings for animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Cellular & Mol Neuropharmacol Res Grp, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Basic Hlth Sci,ICBS, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Neurobiol & Dev Biol Lab, Fac Biosci, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Fac Biosci, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Canc Res Lab, Acad Hosp Res Ctr, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Roesler, R (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Cellular & Mol Neuropharmacol Res Grp, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Basic Hlth Sci,ICBS, Rua Sarmento Leite 500,Campus Ctr UFRGS, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 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Baio, Jon Braun, Kim Van Naarden Doernberg, Nancy Meaney, F. John Kirby, Russell S. CA ADDM Network TI A public health collaboration for the surveillance of autism spectrum disorders SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; ADDM Network; prevalence; surveillance ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MINNESOTA AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a range of behavioural phenotypes defined by impaired development in social interaction, communication, imagination, and range of interests or behaviours. The aetiology and epidemiology of these serious developmental disabilities (DDs) are poorly understood. Estimates of the population prevalence of ASDs have varied widely within the US and abroad, with increasing estimates in most of the recent studies. In an effort to improve our understanding of the prevalence, population characteristics and public health impact of these conditions, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has funded a multi-site surveillance network for ASDs and other DDs that consists of programmes known as the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) network which conducts surveillance activities and the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) which also conducts surveillance in addition to special research studies related to the ASDs. This collaboration will be referred to hereafter as the ADDM Network. The ADDM Network is implementing a multiple-source surveillance programme to determine population prevalence and characteristics of ASDs and other DDs. This paper describes the collaborative efforts and explains the methods in developing this coordinated public health surveillance network to provide an ongoing source of high-quality data on ASDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Rice, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. 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Sixty-nine percent of preschoolers and 35% of school-aged children had insufficient dietary iron intake. Mean ferritin increased significantly (16 mu g/L to 29 mu g/L), as did mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin, suggesting that low ferritin in this patient group resulted from insufficient iron intake. Similar prevalence of low ferritin at school age as preschool age indicates that children with autism spectrum disorder require ongoing screening for iron deficiency. (c) 2007 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Glenrose Rehabil Hosp, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Child Dev Ctr, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Inst Nutr Res, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. Ctr Sleep & Chronobiol Disorders, Sleep Disorders Clin, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Dosman, CF (reprint author), 10230-111 Ave, Edmonton, AB T56 0BJ, Canada. 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Shekhar, Anantha TI From anxiety to autism: spectrum of abnormal social behaviors modeled by progressive disruption of inhibitory neuronal function in the basolateral amygdala in Wistar rats SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basolateral amygdala; social anxiety; depression; schizophrenia; negative symptoms; pervasive developmental disorders; interneuron ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; DORSOMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS; TEMPORAL CORTEX; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; IMMUNOREACTIVE INTERNEURONS; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; REGULATE ANXIETY; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; IN-VIVO AB Rationale Social behaviors are disrupted in several psychiatric disorders. The amygdala is a key brain region involved in social behaviors, and amygdala pathology has been implicated in disease states ranging from social anxiety disorder to autism. Objective To test the effects of progressive disruption of the inhibitory function within the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) on conspecific social interaction in rats and investigate functional networks from the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFCv) to the BLA. Materials and methods BLA inhibitory tone was disrupted by priming it with the stress-peptide corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) receptor agonist urocortin 1 (Ucn 1, 6 fmol), or by selective lesioning of a subset of BLA-GABAergic interneurons containing neurokinin 1 receptors using the targeted toxin SSP-Saporin. The effects of the disruption of GABAergic tone in the BLA were examined using a repeated exposure and habituation paradigm of social interaction (SI/h). Lesions and selectivity of lesions were confirmed postmortem. Additionally, effects of stimulating mPFCv on cFos activity in interneurons of the BLA were examined. Results Rats primed with Ucn 1 showed persistent social inhibition, which could be overcome with habituation, putatively modeling social anxiety. Rats with a selective lesioning of a subset of GABAergic interneurons in the BLA exhibited persistent social inhibition that was not reversed by SI/h paradigm. We also demonstrate selective functional inputs to this subset of interneurons when mPFCv was activated. Conclusions These models with different gradations of disrupted BLA inhibition could help to study social dysfunction in disorders ranging from social anxiety to autism spectrum disorders. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Shekhar, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1111 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. 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The data reviewed included prospectively obtained assessments of severity (S) and improvement (I) using the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI). Pretrial and follow-up parent ratings were also available on six patients using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Results Eighteen patients (15 male, 3 female; mean age=11.4 years, range 6-19 years) received memantine (mean dosage=10.1 mg/day, range 2.5-20 mg/day) over a mean duration of 19.3 weeks (range 1.5-56 weeks). Eleven of 18 (61%) patients were judged responders to memantine based on a rating of "much improved" or "very much improved" on the CGI-I. Significant improvement was also seen on the CGI-S. Improvement was primarily seen clinically in social withdrawal and inattention. Adverse effects occurred in 7 of 18 (39%) patients and led to drug discontinuation in 4 of 18 (22%) patients. Thirteen of 18 (72%) patients received stable doses of concomitant medications during the memantine trial. Conclusions In this open-label retrospective study, memantine was effective in a number of patients with PDDs. Controlled studies are warranted to further assess the efficacy and safety of memantine in PDDs. C1 James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Posey, DJ (reprint author), James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Ctr, 702 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. 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Eugene Vitiello, Benedetto Scahill, Lawrence McDougle, Christopher McCracken, James Wheeler, Courtney Martin, Andres Posey, David Shah, Bhavik TI Parent satisfaction in a multi-site acute trial of risperidone in children with autism: a social validity study SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; consumer satisfaction; parent satisfaction; clinical trial; child; risperidone ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SCALE; APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS; ONCE-A-DAY; OROS METHYLPHENIDATE; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; ETHICAL-ISSUES; PLACEBO AB Rationale Subjects who view experimental procedures as worthwhile are more likely to participate in clinical trials and comply with study procedures. Designing studies that consider the consumer's perspective will help to forge a better alliance between participants and researchers. Objective Participant satisfaction is seldom assessed in pharmacological research. In this paper, we report on parent satisfaction in a randomized clinical trial in children with autistic disorder and severely disruptive behavior. Method Parents of 101 children with autism who had participated in a multi-site 8-week double-blind clinical trial of risperidone were given a questionnaire at the end to elicit their perceptions of the appropriateness and acceptability of clinical trial procedures. Results Ninety-six (95.0%) parents returned the questionnaire. Of these, 80.0 to 96.8%, depending on the question, expressed satisfaction with their child's research participation regardless of treatment outcome or assignment to active drug or placebo. In all, 90.5% of parents indicated that they would "definitely" recommend the clinical trial to other families with similar children. A total of 92.7% indicated that they would rejoin the clinical trial if they had to do it all over again. Ethnic minority subjects were more satisfied than white participants with the use of "learning tests". Conclusions Parents of children participating in this trial were highly satisfied and supportive of the clinical trial procedures. Random assignment to drug or placebo and the clinical response of their children did not appear to influence their views. Further satisfaction studies of this sort are encouraged. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT USA. Indiana Univ, James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Neuropsychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Tierney, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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TI Current status of differential diagnosis for children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE differential diagnosis; ASD; critical review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; FOLLOW-UP; QUESTIONNAIRE; INSTRUMENT; INVENTORY; CHECKLIST; INTERVIEW; VALIDITY AB Early intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has proven to be a successful strategy for remediating many difficulties experienced by these children. As a result, accurate diagnoses of children with this range of disorders has become more critical. Additionally, while current training programs are for 3-4 year olds, in efforts to start treatment at younger ages, clinicians are giving these diagnoses at younger and younger ages. A considerable amount of research activity on a technology for making differential diagnoses of ASD has been emerging in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of some of these developments, and to offer opinions on the current status of the area. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Dev. Disabil. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.005 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 148FI UT WOS:000245059600001 PM 16516441 ER PT J AU Dominick, KC Davis, NO Lainhart, J Tager-Flusberg, H Folstein, S AF Dominick, Kelli C. Ornstein Davis, Naomi Lainhart, Janet Tager-Flusberg, Helen Folstein, Susan TI Atypical behaviors in children with autism and children with a history of language impairment SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; language impairment; eating; sleep; self-injurious behavior; aggression; temper; tantrum ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIORS; SLEEP PROBLEMS; MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TEMPER TANTRUMS; SKILL LEVELS AB The frequency, course, and inter-relationships of atypical eating, sleeping, self-injurious behavior, aggression and temper tantrums in children with autism and children with a history of language impairment (HLI), was investigated using a parent interview that was created to examine these problem behaviors. The relationships between these behaviors and language, IQ, severity of autistic symptoms and depression were also assessed. Atypical eating behavior, abnormal sleep patterns, temper tantrums, and self-injurious behavior were significantly more common in the children with autism than those with HLI. Within the autism group, children who exhibited more atypical behaviors tended to have a lower nonverbal IQ, lower levels of expressive language, more severe social deficits and more repetitive behaviors. No relationship between the number of atypical behaviors and measures of cognitive or language ability was noted in the HLI group. However, having more atypical behaviors was related to increased restricted, repetitive behaviors in children with HLI. The atypical behaviors could be divided into two groups: abnormal eating and sleeping, which were independent and tended to begin early in life; and self-injury, tantrums and aggression, which began later and were inter-related. Sleep abnormalities were more common in children (groups combined) diagnosed with major depression. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Univ Utah, Inst Brain, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Tager-Flusberg, H (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, 715 Albany St,L-814, Boston, MA 02118 USA. 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PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 145 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.02.003 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 148FI UT WOS:000245059600004 PM 16581226 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, B Gergans, S AF Ingersoll, Brooke Gergans, Samantha TI The effect of a parent-implemented imitation intervention on spontaneous imitation skills in young children with autism SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; intervention; parent training; social communication; imitation ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS AB Children with autism exhibit significant deficits in their ability to spontaneously imitate the play actions and descriptive gestures of others. Reciprocal imitation training (RIT) is a naturalistic imitation intervention designed to teach spontaneous imitation skills during play. This study assessed the effectiveness of parent-implemented PUT using a multiple-baseline design across three young children with autism and their mothers. After an initial baseline, mothers were taught to implement RIT techniques with their child twice a week for 10 weeks in a clinic setting. Two mothers were taught to use RIT to teach object imitation. The third mother was taught to use RIT to target both object and gesture imitation in a multiple-baseline design across behaviors. Generalization was assessed in the families' homes at the end of treatment and a I-month follow-up. Parents learned to use the intervention strategies and their children exhibited increases in spontaneous imitation. These findings replicate the results from previous studies, indicating that RIT is effective for teaching imitation skills to young children with autism in a naturalistic setting and extend the findings to parents. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Psychol, Portland, OR 97219 USA. RP Ingersoll, B (reprint author), Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Psychol, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219 USA. EM bri@lclark.edu RI Ingersoll, Brooke/A-9117-2012 CR *AM PSY CH ASS, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bates E., 1976, LANGUAGE CONTEXT STU Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Carpenter M, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P91, DOI 10.1023/A:1014836521114 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 Drew A, 2002, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V11, P266, DOI 10.1007/s00787-002-0299-6 Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT Greenspan S. 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PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.02.004 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 148FI UT WOS:000245059600005 PM 16603337 ER PT J AU Rondan, C Deruelle, C AF Rondan, Cecilie Deruelle, Christine TI Global and configural visual processing in adults with autism and Asperger syndrome SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; visual processing; global; configural; local; development ID SPATIAL-FREQUENCY; CHILDREN; FACES; PRECEDENCE; INFORMATION; FEATURES; ABILITY; TASK AB This study was designed to explore how adults with autism and Asperger syndrome (ASD) would visually process compound figures. They were tested in two tasks, one involving hierarchical global/local stimuli, the other involving face-like or geometrical stimuli where the processing of the inter-elemental spatial relationships was emphasized. Adults with ASD showed, like controls, a preference for the global level of the hierarchical stimuli. With the stimuli involving inter-elemental spatial relationship manipulations, the adults with ASD showed a preference for local elements, whereas controls did not show a preference. This supports earlier findings from children with ASD, suggesting that though individuals with autism may process global aspects of stimuli in priority, they tend to specific aspects in stimuli containing both local and configural elements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, Mediterranean Inst Cognit Neurosci, UMR 6193, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. RP Deruelle, C (reprint author), CNRS, Mediterranean Inst Cognit Neurosci, UMR 6193, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. 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Dev. Disabil. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.02.007 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 148FI UT WOS:000245059600008 PM 16616454 ER PT J AU Matson, JL AF Matson, Johnny L. TI Determining treatment outcome in early intervention programs for autism spectrum disorders: A critical analysis of measurement issues in learning based interventions SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE early intervention; autism spectrum disorder ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SELF-INJURY; CHILDREN; AGE; VALIDITY; SKILLS; TIME; RELIABILITY; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS AB One of the areas receiving the greatest attention from researchers studying autism spectrum disorders in recent years involves psychologically based early intervention programs. Various claims of cure, marked improvement in social and communication skills, and improved I.Q. are among the conclusions that have been drawn by various researchers. However, little has been done to analyze the dependent variables used in these studies and their impact on the conclusions reached regarding treatment effectiveness. Obviously, this set of measures is crucial since these methods define which behaviors "improved" and to what extent. The present review analyzes the current status, strengths, and weaknesses of these measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Dev. Disabil. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.006 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 148FI UT WOS:000245059600009 PM 16682171 ER PT J AU Londino, DL Carr, B Sirota, E Johnson, M Rausch, J AF Londino, D. L. Carr, B. Sirota, E. Johnson, M. Rausch, J. TI An analysis of common endophenotypic and genetic characteristics of negative symptoms spectrum disorder: Autism, Asperger's disorder, and schizophrenia: A proposed model for genetic investigation for linking candidate gene polymorphisms to common endophenotypes across different disorders SO SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Congress on Schizophrenia Research CY APR 02-06, 2005 CL Savannah, GA C1 Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0586-7614 J9 SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL JI Schizophr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 220 EP 220 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 140LL UT WOS:000244506600054 ER PT J AU Rajakumar, RN Rajakumar, B Rushlow, WJ AF Rajakumar, R. N. Rajakumar, B. Rushlow, W. J. TI Excessive amount of nerve growth factor in the developing brain may lead to schizophrenia- and autism-like features in rats SO SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Congress on Schizophrenia Research CY APR 02-06, 2005 CL Savannah, GA C1 Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0586-7614 J9 SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL JI Schizophr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 253 EP 253 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 140LL UT WOS:000244506600150 ER PT J AU Patterson, PH AF Patterson, P. H. TI Activating the immune system of pregnant mice causes changes in the offspring resembling those in schizophrenia and autism SO SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Congress on Schizophrenia Research CY APR 02-06, 2005 CL Savannah, GA C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0586-7614 J9 SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL JI Schizophr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 140LL UT WOS:000244506600344 ER PT J AU Pinkham, A Hopfinger, JB Pelphrey, KA Penn, DL AF Pinkham, A. Hopfinger, J. B. Pelphrey, K. A. Penn, D. L. TI Neural activation in response to complex social judgments in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia and high-functioning autism SO SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Congress on Schizophrenia Research CY APR 02-06, 2005 CL Savannah, GA C1 Univ Penn, Neuropsychiat Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0586-7614 J9 SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL JI Schizophr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 382 EP 382 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 140LL UT WOS:000244506600518 ER PT J AU Dean, RS Davis, AS AF Dean, Raymond S. Davis, Andrew S. TI Relative risk of perinatal complications in common childhood disorders SO SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE perinatal complications; assessment; Maternal Perinatal Scale ID PEDIATRIC MAJOR DEPRESSION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; ANXIETY; INTERVENTION; PREDICTORS; AMYGDALA; EVENTS; RATIOS AB Perinatal complications have been associated with a myriad of later-developing behavioral, neurological, and psychological disorders. These have included school-related disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, mood and anxiety disorders, and learning disabilities. This article reviews the research that considers the relative risk relationship between prepregnancy, pregnancy, neonatal complications, and later childhood disorders. Specifically, research with the Maternal Perinatal Scale (MPS), which highlights the relative risk ratios of perinatal complications, and later childhood disorders will be reviewed. The MPS is a self-report measure that uses a standardized, structured format to identify perinatal complications. Research using the MPS has revealed that a combination of perinatal complications can increase the relative risk of educational difficulty by up to 635 times. Implications for psychological services in the school are discussed. C1 [Dean, Raymond S.; Davis, Andrew S.] Ball State Univ, Neuropsychol Lab, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Dean, RS (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Neuropsychol Lab, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. 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Psychol. Q. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1037/1045-3830.22.1.13 PG 13 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 273DO UT WOS:000253910800003 ER PT J AU Morris, JP Pelphrey, KA McCarthy, G AF Morris, James P. Pelphrey, Kevin A. McCarthy, Gregory TI Controlled scanpath variation alters fusiform face activation SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fMRI; face perception; fusiform gyrus ID HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; VISUAL FIXATION; PERCEPTION; RECOGNITION; AUTISM; ATTENTION; PROSOPAGNOSIA; INDIVIDUALS; POTENTIALS AB We investigated the influence of experimentally guided saccades and fixations on fMRI activation in brain regions specialized for face and object processing. Subjects viewed a static image of a face while a small fixation cross made a discrete jump within the image every 500 ms. Subjects were required to make a saccade and fixate the cross at its new location. Each run consisted of alternating blocks in which the subject was guided to make a series of saccades and fixations that constituted either a Typical or an Atypical face scanpath. Typical scanpaths were defined as a scanpath in which the fixation cross landed on the eyes or the mouth in 90% of all trials. Atypical scanpaths were defined as scanpaths in which the fixation cross landed on the eyes or mouth on 12% of all trials. The average saccade length was identical in both typical and atypical blocks, and both were preceded by a baseline block where the fixation cross made much smaller jumps in the middle of the screen. Within the functionally predefined face area of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC), typical scanpaths evoked significantly more activity when compared to atypical scanpaths. A voxel-based analysis revealed a similar pattern in clusters of voxels located within VOTC, frontal eye fields, superior colliculi, intraparietal sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results demonstrate that fMRI activation is highly sensitive to the pattern of eye movements employed during face processing, and thus illustrates the potential confounding influence of uncontrolled eye movements for neuroimaging studies of face and object perception in normal and clinical populations. C1 [Morris, James P.; Pelphrey, Kevin A.; McCarthy, Gregory] Duke Univ, Duke UNC Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [McCarthy, Gregory] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Pelphrey, Kevin A.; McCarthy, Gregory] Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP McCarthy, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr, Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 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PD MAR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1093/scan/nsl022 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 271UD UT WOS:000253813300009 PM 18985120 ER PT J AU Halle, J Meadan, H AF Halle, Jim Meadan, Hedda TI A protocol for assessing early communication of young children with autism and other developmental disabilities SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID REINFORCER RATE; QUALITY; REPAIRS AB The purposes of this article are (a) to describe a structured protocol for assessing request, reject, and repair behavior of young children with autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities and (b) to highlight the importance of assessing these communicative behaviors. These three basic building blocks for social encounters, permitting the "speaker" to influence others in desired ways. 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PD SPR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1177/02711214070270010401 PG 13 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 190BD UT WOS:000248031800004 ER PT J AU Poustka, L Poustka, F AF Poustka, Luise Poustka, Fritz TI Psychopharmacology of autistic disorders SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Review DE autism; psychopharmacology; ADHD; disruptive behavior; comorbidity ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; OPEN-LABEL; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OPEN-PILOT AB There is a growing number of studies on the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in autistic disorders. Although the core symptoms of autism can hardly be influenced by medication, drug treatment can be used as a valuable adjunct therapy, targeting above all externalizing disorders associated with autism. The primary goal of drug treatment in autism is to decrease maladaptive behaviors in order to allow the child to better benefit from other therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, the combination of different psychopharmacological agents has not been studied so far, despite their pivotal role in practical clinical work. It remains to be seen whether future studies will explore the efficacy of a combination of drug treatment with other treatment modalities, respectively the seemingly useful combination of different medications. Newer medications effective in the treatment of autistic children cause fewer unwanted side effects. The number of pharmacological studies with good methodological standards is also increasing. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Klinikum Heidelberg, Zentrum Psychosoziale Med, Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Poustka, L (reprint author), Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Zentrum Psychosoziale Med, Blumenstr 8, DE-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1024/1422-4917.35.2.87 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153JU UT WOS:000245430000002 PM 17608278 ER PT J AU Sinzig, J Bruning, N Morsch, D Lehmkuhl, G AF Sinzig, Judith Bruning, Nicole Morsch, Dagmar Lehmkuhl, Gerd TI Age-dependent diffierences in neuropsychological performance profiles in ADHD and autism SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Article DE attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism; development; facial affect recognition; neuropsychology ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; AUTOMATED BATTERY; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; EMOTION AB Objectives: Children and adolescents with autism or with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are compared in this study to three different age groups of healthy children and adolescents normally developed in terms of the severity of neuropsychological variables. Methods: 2 children with autism and 31 children with ADHD according to DSM-IV as well as 30 healthy controls were assessed consecutively. Neuropsychological attention tasks (sustained attention, inhibition and setshifting) and executive functioning tasks (working memory and planning) were performed. Facial affect recognition ws assessed with a computer-based program to teach emotion processing using full faces and selected eye-pairs. Results: Our data provide evidence that the attention functions we studied seem to improve with age. Differences between the two clinical groups are found particularly among the 11- to 14-year-olds in the domains of sustained attention and inhibition. We detected no statistically significant differences among the three age groups in either the domain of executive functions or in the domain of facial affect recognition. 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SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Article AB In a room surrounded by machines at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab, a group of students and professors is sharing a deeply human moment. On a video screen Amanda Baggs, a 26 year old woman with autism, is flapping her arms, rocking, sucking on a pen and scratching household objects, part of an 8 minute film lifted from video sharing website YouTube. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD FEB 17 PY 2007 VL 193 IS 2591 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 139JO UT WOS:000244428300036 ER PT J AU Brahm, NC Farmer, KC Brown, RC AF Brahm, Nancy C. Farmer, Kevin C. Brown, Robert C. TI Risperidone for the treatment of fecal smearing in a developmentally disabled adult SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting CY DEC 05-06, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE aggression; antipsychotic agents; dosage; mental retardation; risperidone ID BEHAVIOR; DYSKINESIA; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Purpose. The use of risperidone in decreasing fecal smearing behavior as an expression of nonverbal aggression in a developmentally disabled adult is discussed. Summary. A 36-year-old Caucasian man had a history of fecal smearing when he did not get his way or was upset, The patient had profound mental retardation, had an IQ in the range of less than 20 to 25, and was nonverbal. For this patient, fecal smearing was not only a behavioral issue but also a medical concern because he was hepatitis B positive with noncarrier status. Serology also confirmed previous infection with hepatitis A. Risperidone was started at 0.5 mg twice daily. Smearing frequencies during baseline and after risperidone intervention were tracked. During the course of treatment, the risperidone dosage was increased to a total daily dose of 4 mg. The mean +/- S.D. number of episodes per month decreased from 15.2 +/- 3 in the pretreatment period to 6.0 +/- 1.8 at 6 months and 6.7 +/- 1.2 at 12 months posttreatment with risperidone. On follow-up in October 2003, fecal smearing had further decreased to the point where it was no longer formally tracked. A diagnosis of mental retardation, developmental disability, or pervasive developmental disorder increases the possibility for emotional and behavioral problems. Previous medication classes tried in the management of aggressive behaviors have not produced consistent results. Risperidone has been used in the treatment of self-abuse, aggression toward others, and violent behaviors. Conclusion. Risperidone was effective in decreasing episodes of fecal smearing as an expression of nonverbal aggression in a developmentally disabled adult. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Tulsa, OK 74135 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Adm, Tulsa, OK 74135 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Pharm Practice, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Oklahoma Dept Human Serv, Dev Disabil Serv Div, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Brahm, NC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, 4502 E 41st St,2H17, Tulsa, OK 74135 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.020 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400002 PM 16996486 ER PT J AU Hus, V Pickles, A Cook, EH Risi, S Lord, C AF Hus, Vanessa Pickles, Andrew Cook, Edwin H., Jr. Risi, Susan Lord, Catherine TI Using the autism diagnostic interview-revised to increase phenotypic homogeneity in genetic studies of autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; genetics; phenotype ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; RIGID-COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BROADER PHENOTYPE; SYMPTOM DOMAINS; SAVANT SKILLS; LINKAGE; FAMILIES AB Background: Many chromosomal regions for susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been identified, but few have reached genomewide significance. In response, researchers have attempted to increase the power of their analyses by stratifying samples to increase phenotypic homogeneity. Although howogeneity has typically been defined by a single variable, resultant groups often differ in other dimensions that may be directly pertinent. Group differences in age, gender, IQ, and measures of autism severity arc examined as related to Autism Diagnostic Interview-revised (ADI-R) domains previously used for subsetting or Quantitative Trait Analysis (QTL). Methods: Participants were research participants and clinic re referrals for assessment of possible autism. Assessments included the ADI-R, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and a developmental or cognitive test. Data were collected for 983 individuals, ages 4 to 52 years, with diagnoses of autism and ASDs. Results: Findings suggest that, of several potential grouping variables, only restricted and repetitive behaviors associated with Insistence on Sameness were independent of age, IQ, and autism severity. Conclusions: Results emphasize the potential unintended effects of stratification and The importance of understanding such interrelationships between phenotypic characteristics when defining subgroups or performing QTL. C1 Univ Michigan, Autism & Communicat Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Lord, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Autism & Communicat Disorders Ctr, 1111 E Catherine St,Room 217, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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R., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE Wassink TH, 2004, MOL PSYCHIATR, V9, P968, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001503 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 48 TC 64 Z9 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 438 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.044 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400003 PM 17276746 ER PT J AU Hutsler, JJ Love, T Zhang, H AF Hutsler, Jeffrey J. Love, Tiffany Zhang, Hong TI Histological and magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cortical layering and thickness in autism spectrum disorders SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE frontal lobe; morphometry; neuropathology; parietal lobe; postmortem; temporal lobe ID WHOLE-BRAIN ANALYSIS; CAJAL-RETZIUS CELLS; SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS; NEURONAL MIGRATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; MRI; CEREBELLUM; ABNORMALITIES; GENETICS AB Background: Qualitative reports of the cerebral cortex in a small number of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases have suggested an increase in thickness and disruptions in migration and lamination patterns. Methods: We examined postmortem ASD individuals and age-matched controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate total cortical thickness, and histological samples to evaluate the pattern of cortical layering. Results: Overall, thickness measures from ASD subjects were equivalent to control cases. Individual regions showed marginal differences but nonsignificant thickness diffenences in the temporal lobes. Cortical thickness values in the ASD subjects decreased significantlty with age. Quantitative examination of proportional layer thickness in histological sections indicated that the pattern of cortical layering was largely undisturbed, while qualitative examination of these same samples revealed evidence of cell clustering and supernumerary cells in layer I and the subplate. These features were not severe and were never found in a majority of cases. Conclusions: These findings support limited disturbances in cortical cell patterning, but do not indicate a major deficit in the orderly migration of cortical neuroblasts during development, or their subsequent aggregation into the laminar pattern found in typically developing individuals. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Program Neurosci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hutsler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.015 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400004 PM 16580643 ER PT J AU Dawson, G Munson, J Webb, SJ Nalty, T Abbott, R Toth, K AF Dawson, Geraldine Munson, Jeff Webb, Sara Jane Nalty, Theresa Abbott, Robert Toth, Karen TI Rate of head growth decelerates and symptoms worsen in the second year of life in autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; head circumference; hierarchical linear models; infants; longitudinal ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; HOME VIDEOTAPES; EARLY RECOGNITION; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; 1ST YEAR; INFANTS; AGE; DEFICITS; MOTOR AB Background: Longitudinal studies of bead circumference growth in infants later diagnosed with autism are needed to understand the accelerated bead growth in this disorder. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal head circumference data from birth to 3 years in 28 children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of individual growth curve analyses using hierarchical linear models. Results: Head circumference Z scores relative to norms significantly increased in the autism sample from birth to 12months, but this pattern did not persist beyond 12 months. Rather, the rate of change in bead circumference from 12 to 36 months was not different from the normative sample. Conclusions. These results suggest that a period of exceptionally rapid bead growth occurs during the first year of life in autism; after 12 months of age, the rate of bead circumference growth decelerates relative to the rate during the first year of life, Studies of behavioral development in infants later diagnosed with autism suggest that the period of acceleration of bead growth precedes and overlaps with the onset of behavioral symptoms, and the period of deceleration coincides with a period of worsening of symptoms in the second year of life. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Educ Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dawson, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.016 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400005 PM 17137564 ER PT J AU DeVito, TJ Drost, DJ Neufeld, RWJ Rajakumar, N Pavlosky, W Williamson, P Nicolson, R AF DeVito, Timothy J. Drost, Dick J. Neufeld, Richard W. J. Rajakumar, Nagalingam Pavlosky, William Williamson, Peter Nicolson, Rob TI Evidence for cortical dysfunction in autism: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-for-Magnetic-Resonance-in-Medicine CY MAY 06-12, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Int Soc Magnet Resonance Med DE autism; glutamate; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; N-acetylaspartate ID N-ACETYL ASPARTATE; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN; IN-VIVO; WHITE-MATTER; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NEURONAL LOSS; H-1 MRS AB Background: Although brain imaging studies have reported neurobiological abnormalities in autism, the nature and distribution Of the underlying neurochemical irregularities are unknown. the purpose of this study was to examine cerebral gray and white matter cellular neurochemistry in autism with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Methods: Proton MRSI examinations were conducted in 26 males with autism (age 9.8 +/- 3.2years) and 29 male comparison subjects (age 11.1 +/- 2.4 years). Estimates of cerebral gray and white matter concentrations of N-aceylaspartate (NAA), creatine + phosphocreatine, choline-containing compounds, myo-inositol, and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) were made by linear regression analysis of multi-slice MRSI data and compared between groups. Regional estimates of metabolite concentration were also made with multivariate linear regression, allowing for comparisons of frontal, temporal, and occipital gray matter, cerebral white matter, and the cerebellum. Results. Patients with autism exhibited significantly lower levels qray matter NAA and Glx than control subjects. Deficits were widespread, affecting most cerebral lobes and the cerebellum. No significant differences were detected in cerebral white matter or cerebellar metabolite levels. Conclusions: These results suggest widespread reductions in gray matter neuronal integrity and dysfunction of cortical and cerebellar glutamatergic neurons in patients with autism. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Med Biophys, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychiat, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Diagnost Radiol & Nucl Med, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Nicolson, R (reprint author), 800 Commiss Rd E,E2-601, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.022 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400006 PM 17276747 ER PT J AU Luna, B Doll, SK Hegedus, SJ Minshew, NJ Sweeney, JA AF Luna, Beatriz Doll, Sara K. Hegedus, Stephen J. Minshew, Nancy J. Sweeney, John A. TI Maturation of executive function in autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE antisaccade; cognition; development; inhibition; prefrontal cortex; spatial working memory ID SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EYE-MOVEMENTS; PROCESSING SPEED; FRONTAL-CORTEX; YOUNG-CHILDREN; QUICK TEST; CHILDHOOD; PERSPECTIVE AB Background Executive c dysfunction has been reported at different ages in autism. It is not clear however. when ibis impairment emerges or bow its expression is affected by development. Methods: 61 non-mentally retarded autism participants (AUT) and 61 age, gender, and IQ matched typically developing participants (CON) were assessed with two oculomotor executive function tasks, the oculomotor delayed response task (ODR) and the antisaccade task (AS), as well as a visually-guided saccade sensorimotor task (VGS). Results: The AUT group demonstrated impairments in response inhibition and spatial working memory at all ages tested. Developmental improvements in speed of sensorimotor processing and voluntary response inhibition were similar in both groups indicating sparing of some attentional control of behavior. Developmental progression in the speed of initiating a cognitive plan and maintaining information on line over time, however, was impaired in the AUT group indicating abnormal development of working memory. Conclusions: These results indicate that while executive dsyfunction is present throughout development, there is evidence for both typical and atypical developmental progression of executive functions in autism. The plasticity suggested by the developmental improvements may have implications regarding appropriate developmental epochs and types of interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive capacities in individuals with autism. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Cognit Med, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Luna, B (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Med, Lab Neurocognit, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, 3501 Forbes Ave,Oxford 738, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 474 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.030 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400007 PM 16650833 ER PT J AU Perry, W Minassian, A Lopez, B Maron, L Lincoln, A AF Perry, William Minassian, Arpi Lopez, Brian Maron, Leeza Lincoln, Alan TI Sensorimotor gating deficits in adults with autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; executive functioning; fluency; prepulse inhibition; sensorimotor gating; startle ID VERBAL-FLUENCY TASK; PREPULSE INHIBITION; STARTLE REFLEX; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; BRAIN; HABITUATION; DISORDERS; ABNORMALITIES; INDIVIDUALS AB Background: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating and is impaired in a family of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by abnormalities of inhibitory function. Adults with autistic disorder (AD) exhibit clinical features of inhibitory deficits, such as restrictive and repetitive behaviors, that may be explained by deficits in sensorimotor gating. Methods: Acoustic startle reactivity, habituation, and PPI (30-, 60-, 120-msec interstimulus intervals) were assessed in 14 adult men diagnosed with AD and 16 typically developing normal comparison (NC) participants. All participants were administered measures of intelligence and frontal-executive functioning. Results: Adults with AD exhibited significantly less PPI in the 60-msec condition than NC participants, which was correlated with increased ratings of restricted and repetitive behaviors. The groups did not differ on measures of startle amplitude or overall,effect. Furthermore, PPI was not related to intelligence but habituation. There was, however, a significant group-by-block habituation effect was moderately associated with performance on a measure of frontal-executive functioning. Conclusions. Adults with AD have sensorimotor gating deficits similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders, implicating a failure of normal inhibitory regulation of sensory motor. and attentional mechanisms. thus, PPI deficits may be indirectly linked to one of the ballmark features of AD. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Dev & Disabil, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Autism Res Evaluat & Serv, San Diego, CA USA. RP Perry, W (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 482 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.025 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400008 PM 16460695 ER PT J AU Anderson, GM Jacobs-Stannard, A Chawarska, K Volkmar, FR Kliman, HJ AF Anderson, George M. Jacobs-Stannard, Andrea Chawarska, Katarzyna Volkmar, Fred R. Kliman, Harvey J. TI Placental trophoblast inclusions in autism spectrum disorder SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; early screening; marker; placenta; trophoblast; trophoblast inclusion ID BIOGENIC-AMINE TRANSPORTERS; PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDHOOD DISORDERS; GENETICS; SEROTONIN; COMPLICATIONS; 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE AB Background: Microscopic examination of placental tissue may provide a route to assessing risk and understanding underlying biology of autism. Methods: Occurrence of a distinctive in microscopic placental morphological abnormality, the tropboblast inclusion, was assessed using archived placental tissue. The rate of occurrence of trophoblast inclusion-positive slides observed for 13 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was compared to the rate in an anonymous consecutive birth cohort. Results: The occurrence of inclusion positive slides was significantly greater in the ASD group compared to the control group (6127 slides, 22.2% vs. 12/154, 7.8%; Fisher Exact Test, two-tailed p = .033; relative risk 2.85). The proportion of positive cases was also greater in the ASD group (5/13 cases, 38.5% vs. 8/61, 13.1%; Fisher Exact, two-tailed p = .044; relative risk 2.93). Behavioral severity scores did not differ across groups of inclusion positive (N = 4) and negative (N = 8) ASD individuals. Conclusions: Although probably not functionally detrimental or causative, the greater occurrence of placental trophoblast inclusions may reflect altered early developmental processes. Further research is required to replicate the basic finding, to understand the basis for the trophoblastic abnormality, and to determine the utility of the measure in early detection of ASD. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Kliman, HJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, 300 George St,Suite 8100, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.068 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400009 PM 16806106 ER PT J AU Levy, SE Souders, MC Ittenbach, RF Giarelli, E Mulberg, AE Pinto-Martin, JA AF Levy, Susan E. Souders, Margaret C. Ittenbach, Richard F. Giarelli, Ellen Mulberg, Andrew E. Pinto-Martin, Jennifer A. TI Relationship of dietary intake to gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders (ASD); gastrointestinal (GI); pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified; (PDD-NOS); recommended dietary allowance (RDA) ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; CELIAC-DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; MEASLES; MUMPS AB Background Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and abnormalities in stool consistency are frequently reported by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). the purpose of this study was to 1) describe dietary intake of a cohort of children with ASD compared with normative data and 2) determine whether GI symptoms and stool consistency are related to dietary intake. Methods. Data from diet diaries of children (3- 8 years) with ASD (n = 62) were analyzed by a registered pediatric dietician to compare to RDA standards for total calories, protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Dietary intake was correlated with descriptors of stool consistency using cumulative logistic regression methods. Results. Intake of calories, carbohydrates, and fat were in the average range; protein intake was increased (211% of RDA). Reported frequency of GI abnormalities, including abnormal stool consistency (e.g., bulky or loose), was increased (54%). No statistically significant relationships between stool consistency and dietary intake were observed. Conclusions. In this sample, there was a high rate of reported gastrointestinal symptoms, despite lack of medical causes. Intake was adequate for calories and carbohydrates and increased for protein. The children did not exhibit excessive carbohydrate intake. There was no association of nutrient intake to changes in stool consistency. 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Metbods: Oxytocin and placebo challenges were administered to 15 adult subjects diagnosed with autism or Aspergers disorder, and comprehension of affective speech (happy, indifferent angry, and sad) in neutral content sentences was tested. Results: All subjects showed improvements in affective speech comprehension from pre- to post-infusion; however, whereas those who received placebo first tended to revert to baseline after a delay, those who received oxytocin first retained the ability to accurately assign emotional significance to speech intonation on the speech comprehension task. Conclusions: These results are consistent with studies linking oxytocin to social recognition in rodents as well as studies linking oxytocin to prosocial behavior in humans and suggest that oxytocin might facilitate social information processing in those with autism. These findings also provide preliminary support for the use of oxytocin in the treatment of autism. 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To measure global functioning in treatment studies, the Children's Global Assessment Scale was modified and psychometric properties of the revised version (DD-CGAS) were assessed in children with PDD. Methods: Developmental disabilities-relevant descriptors were developed for the DD-CGAS, and administration procedures were established to enhance rater consistency, Ratings of clinical case vignettes were used to assess inter-rater reliability and temporal stability. Validity was assessed by correlating the DD-CGAS with measures of functioning and symptoms in 83 youngsters with PDD. Sensitivity to change was assessed by comparing change from baseline to post-treatment with change on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement subscale scores in a subset of 14 children. Results: Inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .79) and temporal stability (average ICC = .86) were excellent. The DD-CGAS scores correlated with measures of functioning and symptoms with moderate to large effect sizes. Changes on the DD-CGAS correlated with changes on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-I (r = -.71) and Global Impressions Scale-I (r = -.52). The pre-post DD-CGAS change bad an effect size of .72. Conclusions. The DD-CGAS is a reliable instrument with apparent convergent validity,for measuring global functioning of children with PDD in treatment studies. C1 NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Wagner, A (reprint author), NIMH, NIH, Room 6184,6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 504 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.001 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400012 PM 17276748 ER PT J AU Dalton, KM Nacewicz, BM Alexander, AL Davidson, RJ AF Dalton, Kim M. Nacewicz, Brendon M. Alexander, Andrew L. Davidson, Richard J. TI Gaze-fixation, brain activation, and amygdala volume in unaffected siblings of individuals with autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE amygdala; autism; child/adolescent psychiatry; cognitive neuroscience; functional imaging; structural imaging ID WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; PARENTS; MRI; HIPPOCAMPUS; TWIN; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION AB Background: The broad autism phenotype includes subclinical autistic characteristics found to have a higher prevalence in unaffected family members of individuals with autism, These characteristics primarily affect the social aspects of language, communication, and human interaction. The current research focuses on possible neurobehavioral characteristics associated with the broad autism phenotype. Methods: We used a,face-processing task associated with atypical patterns of gaze fixation and brain function in autism while collecting brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and eye tracking in unaffected siblings of individuals with autism. Results. We found robust differences in gaze fixation and brain function in response to images of human faces in unaffected siblings compared with typically developing control individuals. 7 he siblings' gaze fixations and brain activation patterns during the face processing task were similar to that of the autism group and showed decreased gaze fixation along with diminished fusiform activation compared with the control group. Furthermore, amygdala volume in the siblings was similar to the autism group and was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Conclusions: Together, these findings provide compelling evidence for differences in social/emotional processing and underlying neural circuitry in siblings of individuals with autism, supporting the notion of unique endophenotypes associated with the broad autism phenotype. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Lab Funct Brain Imaging & Behav, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Dalton, KM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, T-127,1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 512 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.019 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400013 PM 17069771 ER PT J AU Bethea, TC Sikich, L AF Bethea, Terrence C. Sikich, Linmarie TI Early pharmacological treatment of autism: A rationale for developmental treatment SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; GABA; glutamate; neurodevelopment; serotonin; treatment ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; OCULAR DOMINANCE PLASTICITY; VISUAL CORTICAL PLASTICITY; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; CARRIER SLC25A12 GENE AB Autism is a dynamic neurodevelopmental syndrome in which disabilities emerge during the first three postnatal years and continue to evolve with ongoing development. We briefly review research in autism describing subtle changes in molecules important in brain development and neurotransmission, in morphology of specific neurons, brain connections, and in brain size. We then provide a general schema of how these processes may interact with particular emphasis on neurotransmission. In this context, we present a rationale for utilizing pharmacologic treatments aimed at modifying key neurodevelopmental processes in young children with autism. Early treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is presented as a model for pharmacologic interventions because there is evidence in autistic children for reduced brain serotonin synthesis during Periods of peak synaptogenesis; serotonin is known to enhance synapse refinement; and exploratory studies with these agents in autistic children exist. Additional hypothetical developmental interventions and relevant publisbed clinical data are described. 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TI Positive effects of methylphenidate on inattention and hyperactivity in pervasive developmental disorders: An analysis of secondary measures SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Asperger's disorder; autism; hyperactivity; inattention; methylphenidate; pervasive developmental disorder; stimulants ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SCALE; AUTISTIC DISORDER; DOUBLE-BLIND; SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; STIMULANT-DRUGS; CROSSOVER TRIAL; RISPERIDONE; SYMPTOMS AB Background: Methylphenidate has been shown elsewhere to improve hyperactivity in about half of treated children who have pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and significant hyperactive-inattentive symptoms. We present secondary analyses to better define the scope of effects of methylphenidate on symptoms that define attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional dqfiant disorder (ODD), as well as the core autistic symptom domain qf repetitive behavior. Methods: Sixty-six children (mean age 7.5 y) with autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, and PDD not otherwise specified, were randomized to varying sequences of placebo and three different doses of methylphenidate during a 4-week blinded, crossover study. Methylphenidate doses used approximated .125, .25, and .5 mg/kg per dose, twice daily, with an additional half-dose in the late afternoon. Outcome measures included the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire revised for DSM-IV(ADHD and ODD scales) and the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales for PDD. Results: Methylphenidate was associated with significant improvement that was most evident at the .25- and .5-mg/kg doses. Hyperactivity and impulsivity improved more than inattention. There were not significant effects on ODD or stereotyped and repetitive behavior. Conclusions: Convergent evidence from different assessments and raters confirms methyliobenidate's efficacy in relieving ADHD symptoms in some children with PDD. Optimal dose analyses suggested significant interindividual variability in close response. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Psychiat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Ohio State Univ, UCEDD, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Yale Univ, Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Posey, DJ (reprint author), Riley Hosp Children, Room 430,702 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. 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Shah, Bhavik Vitiello, Benedetto TI Effects of short- and long-term risperidone treatment on prolactin levels in children with autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Child-and-Adolescent-Psychiatry CY OCT 19-24, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Child & Adolescent Psychiat DE adolescents; autism; children; DRD2; hyperprolactinemia; prolactin ID ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; D2 RECEPTOR GENE; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; INDUCED HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS; ELEVATED PROLACTIN; CLINICAL-TRIALS; DRD2 GENE; ADOLESCENTS; DISORDER AB Background: The effects of short- and long-term risperidone treatment on serum prolactin were assessed in children and adolescents with autism. Methods: Patients with autism (N = 101, 5-17 years of age) were randomized to an 8-week trial of risperidone or placebo and 63 then took part in a 4-month open-label follow-up phase. Serum samples were obtained at Baseline and Week-8 (N = 78), and at 6-month (N = 43) and 22-month (N = 30) follow-up. Serum prolactin was determined by immunoradiometric assay; dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2) polymorphisms were genotyped. Results: Baseline prolactin levels were similar in the risperidone (N = 42) and placebo (N = 36) groups (9.3 +/- 7.5 and 9.3 +/- 7.6 ng/ml, respectively). After 8 weeks of risperidone, prolactin increased to 39.0 +/- 19.2 ng/ml, compared with 10.1 +/- 8.8 ng/ml for placebo (p < .0001). Prolactin levels were also significantly increased at 6 months (32.4 +/- 17.8 ng/ml; N = 43, p < .0001) and at 22 months (N = 30, 25.3 +/- 15.6 ng/ml, p < .0001). Prolactin levels were not associated with adverse effects and DRD2 alleles (Taq1A, - 141C Ins/Del, C957T) did not significantly influence baseline levels or risperidone-induced increases in prolactin. Conclusions: Risperidone treatment was associated with two- to four-fold mean increases in serum prolactin in children with autism. Although risperidone-induced increases tended to diminish with time, further research on the consequences of long-term prolactin elevations in children and adolescents is needed. C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Psychiat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychiat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Autism Metab Res Program, Baltimore, MD USA. NIMH, Child & Adolescent Treatment & Prevent Intervent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, GM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.032 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 138DX UT WOS:000244344400016 PM 16730335 ER PT J AU Amminger, GP Berger, GE Schafer, MR Klier, C Friedrich, MH Feucht, M AF Amminger, G. Paul Berger, Gregor E. Schaefer, Miriam R. Klier, Claudia Friedrich, Max H. Feucht, Martha TI Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in children with autism: A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; children; hyperactive behaviors; omega-3 fatty acids; pilot study; randomized controlled trial ID ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GERMAN FORM; DISORDERS; RELIABILITY; RISPERIDONE; BEHAVIOR; AGE AB Background: There is increasing evidence that fatty acid deficiencies or imbalances may contribute to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-week pilot trial investigating the effects of 1.5 g/d of omega-3 fatty acids ( .84g/d eicosapentaenoic acid, .7g/d docosabexaenoic acid) supplementation in 13 children (aged 5 to 17 years) with autistic disorders accompanied by severe tantrums, aggression, or self-injurious behavior. The outcome measure was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) at 6 weeks. Results. We observed an advantage of omega-3 fatty acids compared with placebo for hyperactivity and stereotypy, each with a large effect size, Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a trend toward superiority of omega-3 fatty acids over placebo for hyperactivity. No clinically relevant adverse effects were elicited in either group. Conclusions. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that omega-3 fatty acids maybe an effective effective treatment for children with autism. C1 Med Univ Vienna, Dept Child Adolescent Psychiat, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 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Neonatal adverse and/or stimulating experiences might interfere with the emergence of this genetic-dependent phenotype. Repeated episodes of maternal separation early in ontogeny result in enduring neuroendocrine, neurochemical and behavioural alterations in the offspring. Therefore, in order to investigate whether developmental indexes of neurobehavioural disorders can be studied in the infant reeler mouse model, and whether ontogenetic adverse experiences may question or improve its suitability, homozygous reeler (RL), heterozygous (HZ) and wild-type (WT) mouse pups underwent maternal separation (SEP, 5 h/day) or handling (H, 3 min/day) on PND 2-6. As expected, a sex difference appeared, for measure of emotional and communicative behaviour in infant mice. On PND 7, compared to other genotypes, RL mouse pups from the H control group, showed reduced levels of ultrasound (USV) production and of locomotion. Surprisingly, this deficit in RL mice was fully reverted by maternal separation. 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Brain Res. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 177 IS 1 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.10.027 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 135BO UT WOS:000244129000018 PM 17141885 ER PT J AU Selby, L Zhang, CZ Sun, QQ AF Selby, Leah Zhang, Chunzhao Sun, Qian-Quan TI Major defects in neocortical GABAergic inhibitory circuits in mice lacking the fragile X mental retardation protein SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GABA; inhibitory network; FMR1; somatosensory cortex ID MOUSE MODEL; EXPRESSION; ABNORMALITIES; RESPONSES; STIMULI; MALES AB This Study focused on the cytoarchitectonic and morphological differences in GABA-releasing interneurons between adult Fmr1 knock-out (FMR IKO) and wild-type (WT) mice in the somatosensory cortex. Our results showed a robust reorganization of neocortical, but not hippocampal inhibitory circuits in the FMRIKO mouse. The reorganization is characterized by a significant reduction (20%, p < 0.001) in the densities of parvalbumin (PV)-positive, but not calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR)-positive interneurons. A significant enlargement of soma size and an altered lamina distribution of PV but not CR and CB cells was also observed. Additionally, there was a modest but significant increase in TrkB-immunoreactivity in PV-positive cells in the FMRIKO mouse. These results provide the first report showing significant alterations of GABA-releasing interneurons in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Uncovering the changes in specific GABAeraic inhibitory circuits could help understand mechanisms underlying the behavior deficits of fragile X syndrome and autism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Neurosci Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. 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Multiprotein signaling complexes in the postsynaptic terminal of central nervous system synapses are essential for the induction of neuronal plasticity and cognitive processes in animals. The prototype complex is the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex/membrane-associated guanylate kinase-associated signaling complex (NRC/MASC) comprising 185 proteins and embedded within the postsynaptic density (PSD), which is a set of complexes totaling similar to 1,100 proteins. It is striking that 86% (6 of 7) of X-linked NRC/MASC genes and 49% (19 of 39) of X-chromosomal PSD genes are already known to be involved in human psychiatric disorders. Moreover, of the 69 known proteins mutated in X-linked mental retardation, 19 (28%) encode postsynaptic proteins. The high incidence of involvement in cognitive disorders is also found in mouse mutants and indicates that the complexes are functioning as integrated entities or molecular machines and that disruption of different components impairs their overall role in cognitive processes. We also noticed that NRC/MASC genes appear to be more strongly associated with mental retardation and autism spectrum disorders. We propose that systematic studies of PSD and NRC/MASC genes in mice and humans will give a high yield of novel genes important for human disease and new mechanistic insights into higher cognitive functions. C1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Genes Cognit Programme, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. RP Grant, SGN (reprint author), Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Genes Cognit Programme, Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 80 IS 2 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1086/511441 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 129KX UT WOS:000243729500001 PM 17236127 ER PT J AU Atladottir, HO Parner, ET Schendel, D Dalsgaard, S Thomsen, PH Thorsen, P AF Atladottir, Hjordis Osk Parner, Erik T. Schendel, Diana Dalsgaard, Soren Thomsen, Per Hove Thorsen, Poul TI Time trends in reported diagnoses of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders - A Danish cohort study SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PREVALENCE TRENDS; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMORBIDITY; CALIFORNIA AB Objectives: To examine trends in autism (autism spectrum disorder and childhood autism) in the context of 3 additional childhood neuropsychiatric disorders: hyperkinetic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Children were identified in the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Relevant outcomes were obtained via linkage with the Danish National Psychiatric Register, which included reported diagnoses through 2004 by psychiatrists using diagnostic criteria from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Participants: All children born in Denmark from 1990 through 1999, a total of 669 995 children. Main Outcome Measures: Cumulative incidence proportion by age, stratified by year of birth, for each disorder. Results: Statistically significant increases were found in cumulative incidence across specific birth years for autism spectrum disorder, childhood autism, hyperkinetic disorder, and Tourette syndrome. No significant change in cumulative incidence was observed for obsessive compulsive disorder. Conclusions: Recent increases in reported autism diagnoses might not be unique among childhood neuropsychiatric disorders and might be part of a more widespread epidemiologic phenomenon. The reasons for the observed common pattern of change in reported cumulative incidence could not be determined in this study, but the data underscore the growing awareness of and demand for services for children with neurodevelopmental disorders in general. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Dept Biostat, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Psychiat Hosp Children & Adolescents, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Atladottir, HO (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, Paludan Mullersvej 17, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 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Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 161 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.2.193 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 133DA UT WOS:000243990600013 PM 17283306 ER PT J AU Foxx, RM AF Foxx, Richard M. TI Introductory remarks: The treatment and assessment of the severe behavior of individuals with autism and developmental disabilities SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, Psychol Program, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. RP Foxx, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Psychol Program, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. EM hserve@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1072-0847 J9 BEHAV INTERVENT JI Behav. Intervent. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1002/bin.227 PG 3 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 173GM UT WOS:000246861500001 ER PT J AU Magnusson, AF Gould, DD AF Magnusson, Atli F. Gould, D. Daniel TI Reduction of automatically-maintained self-injury using contingent equipment removal SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; SENSORY EXTINCTION; PHYSICAL RESTRAINT; RESPONSE BLOCKING; BEHAVIOR; REINFORCEMENT; HARRY AB This study reports the use of contingent removal of protective equipment to reduce the severe head-directed self-injurious behavior of an 8-year-old boy with autism. Treatment was initially implemented in a highly controlled environment, and was then generalized to the participant's classroom, residence, and following his discharge, to his home environment. The treatment effectively reduced self-injurious behavior to near-zero levels. Systematic fading of the protective equipment was started but not completed due to his previously-planned discharge. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Intervent. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1002/bin.232 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 173GM UT WOS:000246861500006 ER PT J AU Foxx, RM Meindl, J AF Foxx, Richard M. Meindl, James TI The long term successful treatment of the aggressive/destructive behaviors of a preadolescent with autism SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID CONTINGENT ELECTRIC-SHOCK; FOLLOW-UP; AGGRESSION; MAINTENANCE AB A program was developed for reducing the aggressive/destructive behavior of a 13-year-old boy with autism. All previous interventions had been ineffective. The program included a high density of positive reinforcement, tokens, choice making, response cost, overcorrection, and physical restraint. Treatment occur-red in a self-contained classroom at a school for children with special needs. All of the boy's aggressive/destructive behaviors were reduced to at or near zero levels and these effects have been maintained for over a year. He has made excellent progress in a number of academic areas. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Penn State Univ, Middletown, PA USA. RP Foxx, RM (reprint author), Penn State Harrisburg, Psychol Program, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. EM hserve@aol.com CR FOXX R, 1982, DECREASING BEHAV PER Foxx RM, 2005, CONTROVERSIAL THERAPIES FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITES: FAD, FASHION, AND SCIENCE IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, P295 Foxx R. M., 1994, TREATMENT DESTRUCTIV, V2, P261 Foxx RM, 1996, BEHAV ANALYST, V19, P225 Foxx R. M., 1983, EFFECTS PUNISHMENT H, P133 FOXX RM, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P67, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90005-S Foxx RM, 2005, CONTROVERSIAL THERAPIES FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITES: FAD, FASHION, AND SCIENCE IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, P461 Foxx R. M., 1985, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISAB, V10, P189 Foxx RM, 2007, BEHAV INTERVENT, V22, P69, DOI 10.1002/bin.232 FOXX RM, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P125, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-125 FOXX RM, 2001, MAKING DIFFERENCE BE, P183 FOXX RM, 1984, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V4, P65, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90019-3 FOXX RM, 1986, PROG BEHAV MODIFIC, V20, P1 FOXX RM, 1991, NIH CONS DEV C US DE, P48 FOXX RM, 1986, BEHAV THER, V17, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(86)80084-3 Foxx RM, 2003, BEHAV INTERVENT, V18, P1, DOI 10.1002/bin.127 FOXX RM, 1982, INCREASING BEHAV PER FOXX RM, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P27 LINSCHEID TR, 1996, MANUAL DIAGNOSIS PRO, P191, DOI 10.1037/10203-014 MARTIN PL, 1973, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V4, P161, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(73)90063-3 WILLIAMS KE, 2007, EATING PROBLEMS CHIL WOLF MM, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P203, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-203 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1072-0847 J9 BEHAV INTERVENT JI Behav. Intervent. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1002/bin.233 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 173GM UT WOS:000246861500007 ER PT J AU Hessl, D Rivera, S Koldewyn, K Cordeiro, L Adams, J Tassone, F Hagerman, PJ Hagerman, RJ AF Hessl, David Rivera, Susan Koldewyn, Kami Cordeiro, Lisa Adams, John Tassone, Flora Hagerman, Paul J. Hagerman, Randi J. TI Amygdala dysfunction in men with the fragile X premutation SO BRAIN LA English DT Article DE FMRI gene; FXTAS; fragile X; face perception; social cognition ID TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME FXTAS; FMR1 MESSENGER-RNA; MALE CARRIERS; AUTISM; BRAIN; PHENOTYPE; BEHAVIOR; EMOTION; FEAR; POPULATION AB Premutation alleles (55-200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene are associated with autism spectrum disorder in childhood, premature ovarian failure, and the neurodegenerative disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). FXTAS, and perhaps the other clinical presentations among carriers, are thought to be due to toxic gain-of-function of elevated levels of the expanded-repeat FMR1 mRNA. Previous structural MRI studies have implicated the amygdala as a potential site of dysfunction underlying social deficits and/or risk for FXTAS. As a preliminary investigation of this possible association, adult males with the premutation, and male controls matched for IQ, age and education, completed three protocols that probe amygdala and sympathetic function: (i) a functional MRI paradigm that measures brain response to fearful faces; (ii) a fear-potentiated startle paradigm that differentiates responses to fearful faces and fearful non-social images and (iii) measurement of skin conductance level during a brief social encounter. Compared with controls, men with the FMR1 premutation demonstrated diminished brain activation in the amygdala and several brain areas that mediate social cognition while viewing fearful faces. The reduced amygdala activation in the premutation group was significantly associated with self-report of psychological symptoms on the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. These men also displayed a lack of startle potentiation while viewing fearful faces and showed reduced skin conductance response when greeting an unfamiliar experimenter in comparison with the control group. The current findings may be related to social cognition deficits reported previously in children and adults with the premutation. The aetiology for this dysfunction may be elevated FMR1 mRNA or reduced FMR1 protein that occurs in carriers with higher premutation CGG repeat alleles. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hessl, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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Suckling, J. Higgins, N. J. de Vries, P. J. Stephenson, C. M. E. Bolton, P. F. Bullmore, E. T. TI Neuroanatomical correlates of memory deficits in tuberous sclerosis complex SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE cognition; memory; morphometry; MRI; neurogenetics; neuroinnaging; tuberous sclerosis complex ID SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; VISUOSPATIAL MEMORY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; BASAL GANGLIA; MR-IMAGES; BRAIN; LESIONS; AUTISM AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem syndrome classically associated with the occurrence of focal brain dysplasias. We used structural magnetic resonance imaging to test for neuroradiological abnormalities in TSC (tubers, white matter lesions, and subependymal nodules) and to explore the relationships between these lesions and computational morphometric abnormalities of gray and white matter distribution. We tested memory function in TSC and investigated the relationship between memory function and both morphometric variation and lesion load. Patients demonstrated deficits bilaterally in volume of subcortical gray matter regions including thalamus, basal ganglia, insula, and cerebellum, as well as white matter deficits bilaterally in intrahemispheric tracts. Morphometric deficits could not be explained as local effects of lesions. Patients demonstrated deficits in executive working memory and recall memory, sparing recognition. Structure-function mapping showed long-term and working memory function was positively correlated with gray matter density (in thalamus, caudate nucleus, and frontal cortex) but not with lesion load. The neuroanatomical endophenotype of TSC is more extensive than previously recognized and comprises abnormalities in the distribution of gray and white matter in addition to classical lesions. Normal intelligence quotient patients with TSC show a profile of long-term and working memory impairment that is related to gray matter deficits in thalamus and basal ganglia components of fronto-striatal circuits. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Addenbrookes Hosp, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Radiol, Addenbrookes Hosp, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. Univ Cambridge, Sect Dev Psychiat, Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Ridler, K (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Addenbrookes Hosp, Box 255, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England. 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Cortex PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1093/cercor/bhj144 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 124JQ UT WOS:000243364500002 PM 16603714 ER PT J AU Wolfson, W AF Wolfson, Wendy TI Boston Autism Consortium searches for genetic clues to autism's puzzle SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material EM wendywolfson@nasw.org NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 117 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.02.002 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 148EO UT WOS:000245057500001 PM 17317564 ER PT J AU Bach, P Tipper, SP AF Bach, Patric Tipper, Steven P. TI Implicit action encoding influences personal-trait judgments SO COGNITION LA English DT Article DE vision-action compatibility; mirror neurons; personal-trait judgments; autism ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM; PREMOTOR CORTEX; MIRROR NEURONS; MOTOR THEORY; PERCEPTION; IMITATION; RECOGNITION; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; MIMICRY AB When an observed action (e.g., kicking) is compatible to a to be produced action (e.g., a foot-key response as compared to a finger-key response), then the self-produced action is more fluent, that is, it is more accurate and faster. A series of experiments explore the notion that vision-action compatibility effects can influence personal-trait judgments. It is demonstrated that when ail observed individual carries out an action that is compatible with the participants' response, (1) this individual is identified more fluently, and (2) the observed individual's personality is attributed with the properties of the observed action. For example, if it is easier to identify one individual with a foot-response when he is seen kicking a ball, as compared to typing, he is perceived to be more 'sporty'. In contrast, if it is easier to identify one individual with a finger response when he is seen typing as compared to kicking a ball, he is associated with the 'academic' trait. These personal-trait judgment effects can be observed with explicit measures, where participants are asked to rate the sporty/academic nature of the person on a scale. They are also obtained when implicit measures are taken in a priming task, where participants are never explicitly asked to rate the personalities of the individuals. A control experiment rules out that these personal-trait effects are merely due to an association of motor responses (foot, finger) to individuals while identifying them, but that these effects depend on a prior manipulation of vision-action fluency. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wales, Ctr Clin & Cognit Neurosci, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Bach, P (reprint author), Univ Wales, Ctr Clin & Cognit Neurosci, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. 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Moscovitch, Morris TI Domain-general contributions to social reasoning: Theory of mind and deontic reasoning re-explored SO COGNITION LA English DT Article DE social cognition; modularity; aging; development ID WASON SELECTION TASK; EXECUTIVE COGNITIVE-PROCESSES; COMPUTATIONAL THEORY; WORKING-MEMORY; AGE; PERSPECTIVE; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITY; AUTISM; FACES AB Using older adults and dual-task interference, we examined performance on two social reasoning tasks: theory of mind (ToM) tasks and versions of the deontic selection task involving social contracts and hazardous conditions. In line with performance accounts of social reasoning (Leslie, Friedman, & German, 2004), evidence from both aging and the dual-task method suggested that domain-general resources contribute to performance of these tasks. Specifically, older adults were impaired relative to younger adults on all types of social reasoning tasks tested; performance varied as a function of the demands these tasks placed on domain-general resources. Moreover, in younger adults, simultaneous performance of a working memory task interfered with younger adults' performance on both types of social reasoning tasks; here too, the magnitude of the interference effect varied with the processing demands of each task. Limits placed on social reasoning by executive functions contribute a great deal to performance, even in old age and in healthy younger adults under conditions of divided attention. The role of potentially non-modular and modular contributions to social reasoning is discussed. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Rotman Res Inst, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 2E1, Canada. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 157 EP 158 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 133JX UT WOS:000244010300020 PM 17253991 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Newborn encephalopathy, autism, and deafness - Editorial comment SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-1622 EI 1469-8749 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 133JX UT WOS:000244010300021 ER PT J AU Rizwan, S Manning, JT Brabin, BJ AF Rizwan, S. Manning, J. T. Brabin, B. J. TI Maternal smoking during pregnancy and possible effects of in utero testosterone: Evidence from the 2D : 4D finger length ratio SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE smoking; pregnancy; testosterone; 2D : 4DL; finger length ID CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; 4TH DIGIT LENGTH; 2ND; WOMEN; ANDROGEN; CHILDREN; SEX; ASSOCIATIONS; PREVALENCE; DIMORPHISM AB Objectives: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to high fetal testosterone (FT), and an increased risk in offspring for autism, ADHD, conduct disorder, antisocial behaviour and criminal outcomes. The ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th fingers (2D:4D) is thought to be negatively related to FT concentration, and is related to autism, hyperactivity, poor social behaviour, and physical aggression. We compare the 2D:4D ratio of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy with the 2D:4D of children whose mother did not smoke. Method: Cross-sectional survey in two primary schools. Questionnaires were distributed to 710 children and 546 were returned. Of these the 2nd and 4th digits of 520 children (259 females and 261 mates) were measured. The main outcome measures were 2nd and 4th digit length, smoking history of mother and father. Results: Boys had lower mean 2DAD than girls and right 2D:4D was lower than left. Among boys, those whose mother's smoked during pregnancy had tower right hand 2D:4D ratio than those whose mother did not smoke. The difference remained significant after the effects of age, height, weight and birth weight were removed. Other household smoking patterns were not associated with mate offspring 2D:4D. Female offspring 2D:4D did not differ on the basis of maternal smoking. Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with tow right 2D:4D in children, but the effect was restricted to boys. A link between maternal smoking during pregnancy and 2D:4D supports a causal association between FT and such behaviours as hyperactivity and conduct disorder. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QE, Merseyside, England. Univ Cent Lancashire, Dept Psychol, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Emma Kinderziekenhuis, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Royal Liverpool Childrens Hosp NHS Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, Merseyside, England. RP Brabin, BJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QE, Merseyside, England. 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TI Succimer chelation improves learning, attention, and arousal regulation in lead-exposed rats but produces lasting cognitive impairment in the absence of lead exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE arousal regulation; attention; autism; behavior; chelation; delinquency; lead exposure; lead poisoning; learning; succimer; treatment ID DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID DMSA; PRENATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; URINARY-EXCRETION; JUVENILE MONKEYS; PRIMATE MODEL; RODENT MODEL; ANIMAL-MODEL; BRAIN LEAD; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND: There is growing pressure for clinicians to prescribe chelation therapy at only slightly elevated blood lead levels. However, very few studies have evaluated whether chelation improves cognitive outcomes in Pb-exposed children, or whether these agents have adverse effects that may affect bra-in development in the absence of Pb exposure. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to answer these questions, using a rodent model of early childhood Pb exposure and treatment with succimer, a widely used chelating agent for the treatment of Pb poisoning. RESULTS: Pb exposure produced lasting impairments in learning, attention, inhibitory control, and arousal regulation, paralleling the areas of dysfunction seen in Pb-exposed children. Succimer treatment of the Pb-exposed rats significantly improved learning, attention, and arousal regulation, although the efficacy of the treatment varied as a function of the Pb exposure level and the specific functional deficit. In contrast, succimer treatment of rats not previously exposed to Pb produced lasting and pervasive cognitive and affective dysfunction comparable in magnitude to that produced by the higher Pb exposure regimen. CONCLUSIONS: These are the first data, to our knowledge, to show that treatment with any chelating agent can alleviate cognitive deficits due to Pb exposure. These findings suggest that it may be possible to identify a succimer treatment protocol that improves cognitive outcomes in Pb-exposed children. However, they also suggest that succimer treatment should be strongly discouraged for children who do not have elevated tissue levels of Pb or other heavy metals. C1 Cornell Univ, Div Nutrit Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Psychol, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Strupp, BJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Nutrit Sci, 109 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 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Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 115 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1289/ehp.9263 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 132ML UT WOS:000243946800026 PM 17384765 ER PT J AU de Vries, PJ Hunt, A Bolton, PF AF de Vries, Petrus J. Hunt, Ann Bolton, Patrick F. TI The psychopathologies of children and adolescents with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) - A postal survey of UK families SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; disruptive behaviour disorders; behavioural phenotype; cognition; variability of expression ID AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; DIFFICULTIES; POPULATION; DISORDERS; PHENOTYPE; HEALTH AB Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disorder associated with a wide range of physical features and very high rates of numerous neurocognitive manifestations. However, there is great variability of expression of these features and understanding of the mechanisms underlying this variability is still limited. Mental retardation (MR) and male gender are known to be associated with increased risks of psychopathologies in the general population, but no study has examined these subgroups in TSC as possible contributors to the variable expression observed. It has also remained unclear whether familial-sporadic differences may contribute to variable expression. In this postal survey, UK families reported the frequency and range of physical and behavioural abnormalities in 265 children and adolescents with TSC. Analysis revealed no gender or familial-sporadic differences. Children with MR were significantly more likely to have an autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-related symptoms and speech and language difficulties. They were more likely to have a history of epilepsy, facial angiofibromata and shagreen patches and tended to have a greater number of physical features of the disorder. However, about one third of the children without MR had features suggestive of a developmental disorder. Anxiety symptoms, depressed mood and aggressive outbursts occurred at equally high rates in those with and without MR. These findings show that TSC can place any child or adolescent at significantly increased risk of a range of neurodevelopmental disabilities. These difficulties, often not recognised, require significant clinical and research attention. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dev Psychiat Sect, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. Tuberous Sclerosis Assoc, Witney, Oxon, England. Inst Psychiat, London, England. RP de Vries, PJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dev Psychiat Sect, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s00787-006-0570-3 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 145LE UT WOS:000244865800003 PM 17268883 ER PT J AU Canitano, R AF Canitano, Roberto TI Epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; autism; pervasive developmental disorders; autistic epileptiform regression ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; LANDAU-KLEFFNER-SYNDROME; EEG ABNORMALITIES; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; EPILEPTIFORM REGRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SEIZURE DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; RETT-SYNDROME AB Epilepsy is quite common in autism spectrum disorders, and it is increasingly recognized as an additional clinical problem that must be dealt with. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s00787-006-0563-2 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 145LE UT WOS:000244865800008 PM 16932856 ER PT J AU MacDonald, TT Domizio, P AF MacDonald, T. T. Domizio, P. TI Autistic enterocolitis; is it a histopathological entity? SO HISTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE autism; gut; inflammation ID LYMPHOID-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; REGRESSIVE AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDER; DIVERSION COLITIS; CHILDREN; CONSTIPATION; CHILDHOOD AB Aims: To review the literature on the histopathological diagnosis of the condition termed 'autistic enterocolitis'. Methods and results: We have reviewed all published works where mucosal biopsy specimens from autistic children have been examined histopathologically. Abstracts were excluded. Our review of the published works, nearly all from a single centre, identifies major inconsistencies between studies, lack of appropriate controls and misinterpretation of normal findings as pathology. Ileal lymphoid hyperplasia may be more prevalent in children with regressive autism but is also seen in children with food allergies and severe constipation, the latter being an extremely common finding in autistic children. Conclusions: The histopathological diagnosis of autistic enterocolitis should be treated with caution until a proper study with appropriate methodology and controls is undertaken. C1 Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Inst Cell & Mol Sci & Hlth Sci Educ, London E1 2AT, England. RP MacDonald, TT (reprint author), Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Inst Cell & Mol Sci & Hlth Sci Educ, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, England. 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J. TI Autistic enterocolitis: is it a histopathological entity? reply SO HISTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LYMPHOID-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; REGRESSIVE AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; DISEASE; CONSTIPATION; MEASLES; MUMPS AB A series of studies in children with pervasive developmental disorder and gastrointestinal symptoms has reported the presence of a subtle mucosal inflammation, immunohistochemical abnormalities of structure and cellular infiltrate, pro-inflammatory lymphocyte cytokine profiles, and functional intestinal abnormalities. MacDonald and Domizio question the existence of the mucosal lesion. In contrast, independent replication of the original findings has come from Europe, and North and South America; the data are presented. The willingness of the authors to attribute any mucosal changes to chronic constipation relies heavily on what appears to be a misinterpretation of data that is confounded by the association between cow's milk intolerance and constipation in children. A re-challenge effect on intestinal symptoms and a biological gradient of mucosal inflammation is evident for an alternative environmental exposure in some children. Application of the research tools and methods that have been developed to examine the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease should be applied to the investigation of affected children in order to further advance our understanding and treatment of this lesion. C1 Ctr Children Austin, Austin, TX 78746 USA. RP Wakefield, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Children Austin, Thoughtful House,3003 Bee Caves Rd, Austin, TX 78746 USA. EM info@thoughtfulhouse.org CR Afzal N, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P939, DOI 10.1542/peds.112.4.939 Ashwood P, 2004, J CLIN IMMUNOL, V24, P664, DOI 10.1007/s10875-004-6241-6 Ashwood P, 2003, J CLIN IMMUNOL, V23, P504, DOI 10.1023/B:JOCI.0000010427.05143.bb ASHWOOD P, 2006, NEUROIMMUNOLOGY, V173, P126 Balzola F, 2005, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V128, pA303 Balzola F, 2005, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V100, P979, DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41202_4.x BLACK C, 2002, BRIT MED J, V24, P419 Fombonne E, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, part. no., DOI 10.1542/peds.108.4.e58 Furlano RI, 2001, J PEDIATR-US, V138, P366, DOI 10.1067/mpd.2001.111323 GONZALEZ L, 2006, ARCH VENEZOLANOS PUE, V69, P19 Hadjivassiliou M, 1998, LANCET, V352, P1582, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05342-2 Horvath K, 1999, J PEDIATR-US, V135, P559, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70052-1 Horvath K, 2002, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V14, P583, DOI 10.1097/01.MOP.0000030221.71203.46 KRIGSMAN AM, 2004, INT M AUT RES IMFAR MacDonald TT, 2006, EUR J GASTROEN HEPAT, V18, P569, DOI 10.1097/00042737-200605000-00023 Melmed R. 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The temporal binding deficit hypothesis of autism. Development and Psychopathology 142, 209-224] highlighting the parallels between the psychological model of 'central coherence' in information processing [Frith, U., 1989. Autism: Explaining the Enigma. Blackwell, Oxford] and the neuroscience model of neural integration or 'temporal binding'. We proposed that autism is associated with abnormalities of information integration that is caused by a reduction in the connectivity between specialised local neural networks in the brain and possible overconnectivity within the isolated individual neural assemblies. The current paper updates this model, providing a summary of theoretical and empirical advances in research implicating disordered connectivity in autism. This is in the context of changes in the approach to the core psychological deficits in autism, of greater emphasis on 'interactive specialisation' and the resultant stress on early and/or low-level deficits and their cascading effects on the developing brain [Johnson, M.H., Halit, H., Grice, S.J., Karmiloff-Smith, A., 2002. Neuroimaging of typical and atypical development: a perspective from multiple levels of analysis. Development and Psychopathology 14, 521-536]. We also highlight recent developments in the measurement and modelling of connectivity, particularly in the emerging ability to track the temporal dynamics of the brain using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) and to investigate the signal characteristics of this activity. This advance could be particularly pertinent in testing an emerging model of effective connectivity based on the balance between excitatory and inhibitory cortical activity [Rubenstein, J.L., Merzenicb M.M., 2003. Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2, 255-267; Brown, C., Gruber, T., Rippon, G., Brock, J., Boucher, J., 2005. Gamma abnormalities during perception of illusory figures in autism. Cortex 41, 364-376]. Finally, we note that the consequence of this convergence of research developments not only enables a greater understanding of autism but also has implications for prevention and remediation. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V C1 Aston Univ, Sch Life & Hlth Sci Psychol, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ W England, Sch Psychol, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. Univ Warwick, Dept Psychol, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Rippon, G (reprint author), Aston Univ, Sch Life & Hlth Sci Psychol, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. 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J. Psychophysiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 63 IS 2 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.012 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 138LP UT WOS:000244364400006 PM 16820239 ER PT J AU Grant, CM Apperly, I Oliver, C AF Grant, Cathy M. Apperly, Ian Oliver, Chris TI Is theory of mind understanding impaired in males with fragile X syndrome? SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; autistic spectrum disorder; theory of mind; inhibition; working memory ID CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; AUTISM; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; LANGUAGE; BELIEF; COMMUNICATION AB Males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have difficulties with social interaction and many show autistic features. This study examined whether the social deficits characteristic of FXS are associated with theory of mind difficulties. Two groups of boys with FXS participated: a group with few autistic features and a group with many autistic features. An intellectual disability control group also participated. In addition to using standard theory of mind tasks, new techniques were used that were able to separate out the various processing demands of the task (e.g., memory, inhibitory control). Overall, the findings indicate that both groups of boys with FXS have difficulty with theory of mind tasks compared to an intellectual disability control group. However, both groups with FXS also performed worse on comparison trials that required working memory but not theory of mind. Theory of mind difficulties are likely to be an important aspect of the FXS clinical profile, but are most likely the result from a more basic difficulty with working memory. C1 Leicester Royal Infirm, Child Dev Ctr, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Grant, CM (reprint author), Leicester Royal Infirm, Child Dev Ctr, Windsor Bldg, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England. 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This paper tests whether individuals with ASD use these features in a rule-based strategy of emotional perception, rather than a typical, template-based strategy by considering outcome implications of these strategies. Rule-based strategies are more tolerant of extreme stimuli than are template-based ones. Tolerance for exaggerated emotional facial expressions in individuals with ASD compared to IQ and education matched controls was tested in a forced-choice paradigm. For five of six emotions, those with ASD were more likely to accept the most exaggerated images as most realistic. People with ASD appear to rely more heavily on a rule-based strategy than a template-based strategy in perceiving emotional facial expressions. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol, W Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Rutherford, MD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol, 1280 Main St, W Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0152-8 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000002 PM 16927012 ER PT J AU Uchiyama, T Kurosawa, M Inaba, Y AF Uchiyama, Tokio Kurosawa, Michiko Inaba, Yutaka TI MMR-vaccine and regression in autism spectrum disorders: Negative results presented from Japan SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE MMR; autism; ASD; regression ID RUBELLA VACCINATION; MUMPS; MEASLES; CHILDREN; POPULATION AB It has been suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) is a cause of regressive autism. As MMR was used in Japan only between 1989 and 1993, this time period affords a natural experiment to examine this hypothesis. Data on 904 patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were analyzed. During the period of MMR usage no significant difference was found in the incidence of regression between MMR-vaccinated children and non-vaccinated children. Among the proportion and incidence of regression across the three MMR-program-related periods (before, during and after MMR usage), no significant difference was found between those who had received MMR and those who had not. Moreover, the incidence of regression did not change significantly across the three periods. C1 Otsuma Womens Univ, Dept Human Welf, Tama, Tokyo 2068540, Japan. Yokohama Psychodev Clin, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Environm Hlth, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Uchiyama, T (reprint author), Otsuma Womens Univ, Dept Human Welf, 2-7-1 Karakida, Tama, Tokyo 2068540, Japan. EM tokiouch@otsuma.ac.jp CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th AZUMA H, 1998, NIHONBAN WISC 3 TINO Fombonne E, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, part. no., DOI 10.1542/peds.108.4.e58 HOSHINO Y, 1987, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V41, P237 Kaye JA, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P460, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460 KURITA H, 1996, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V50, P363 Madsen KM, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P1477, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa021134 Makela A, 2002, PEDIATRICS, V110, P957, DOI 10.1542/peds.110.5.957 SHOPLER E, 1990, PSYCOEDUCATIONAL PRO SUGIURA A, 1991, PEDIATR INFECT DIS J, V10, P209, DOI 10.1097/00006454-199103000-00008 Takahashi H, 2003, JPN J INFECT DIS, V56, P114 Takahashi H, 2001, JPN J INFECT DIS, V54, P78 TANAKA KK, 1987, TANAKA BINET TINOU K Taylor B, 2002, BRIT MED J, V324, P393, DOI 10.1136/bmj.324.7334.393 Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8 Tuchman RF, 1997, PEDIATRICS, V99, P560, DOI 10.1542/peds.99.4.560 Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0157-3 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000003 PM 16865547 ER PT J AU Yirmiya, N Gamliel, I Shaked, M Sigman, M AF Yirmiya, Nurit Gamliel, Ifat Shaked, Michal Sigman, Marian TI Cognitive and verbal abilities of 24-to 36-month-old siblings of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; behavioral genetics; verbal abilities; cognitive abilities; siblings ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; SUBCLINICAL MARKERS; BROADER PHENOTYPE; RELATIVES; SPECTRUM; PARENTS; FAMILY; CHROMOSOME-7; INDIVIDUALS AB The cognitive and language skills of 30 siblings of children with autism (SIBS-A) and 30 siblings of typically developing children (SIBS-TD) were compared. Non-significant group differences emerged for cognition at both ages. At 24 months, significantly more SIBS-A demonstrated language scores one or two standard deviations below the mean compared to SIBS-TD. At 36 months, the groups differed significantly in receptive language, and more SIBS-A displayed receptive and expressive difficulties compared to SIBS-TD. Six SIBS-A (including one diagnosed with autism) revealed language scores more than two standard deviations below the mean at both ages, a pattern not seen in the SIBS-TD. Results are discussed in reference to language difficulties in autism spectrum disorders and the genetic liability for autism. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, Mt Scopus, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM NuritYirmiya@huji.ac.il CR Alarcon M, 2002, AM J HUM GENET, V70, P60, DOI 10.1086/338241 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Ashley-Koch A, 1999, GENOMICS, V61, P227, DOI 10.1006/geno.1999.5968 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Barrett S, 1999, AM J MED GENET, V88, P609 Bartlett CW, 2004, HUM HERED, V57, P10, DOI 10.1159/000077385 BATES JE, 1979, CHILD DEV, V50, P794, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb02428.x Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 BISHOP DVM, 2003, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V6751, pS143 Bishop DVM, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P561, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/045) Bloom L, 1998, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V2, P309 Bloom L., 1993, TRANSITION INFANCY L BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Charman T, 2003, J CHILD LANG, V30, P213, DOI 10.1017/S0305000902005482 Charman T, 2003, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V38, P265, DOI 10.1080/136820310000104830 Coonrod EE, 2004, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V17, P258 Dawson G, 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V14, P581, DOI 10.1017/S0954579402003103 De Giacomo A, 1998, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V7, P131 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x Fombonne E, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P667, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01694.x GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 GOLDFIELD BA, 1990, J CHILD LANG, V17, P171 International Molecular genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMG-SAC), 2001, AM J HUMAM GENETICS, V69, P570 Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B LeCouteur A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 LEBOYER M, 1995, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V11, P139 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x NARAYAN S, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P523, DOI 10.1007/BF02216057 OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 Pilowsky T, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P914, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00175 Plumet MH, 1995, CORTEX, V31, P723 Rapin I, 2003, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V25, P166, DOI 10.1016/S0387-7604(02)00191-2 Reynell J., 1990, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE RODRIGUE JR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P665, DOI 10.1007/BF01046108 Silverman JM, 2002, AM J MED GENET, V114, P64, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.10048 SMALLEY SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P271, DOI 10.1007/BF02284724 Sparrow S., 1985, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Spinath FM, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P445, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00685.x SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1001 Tomblin JB, 2003, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V38, P235, DOI 10.1080/1368282031000086363 Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd Wiig E. H., 1992, CELF PRESCHOOL CLIN Yirmiya N, 2001, RESEARCH BASIS FOR AUTISM INTERVENTION, P59 Yirmiya N, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P511, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01528.x NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 218 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0163-5 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000004 PM 16897384 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, B Kasari, C Rotheram-Fuller, E AF Chamberlain, Brandt Kasari, Connie Rotheram-Fuller, Erin TI Involvement or isolation? The social networks of children with autism in regular classrooms SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; social networks; peer acceptance; friendship; loneliness ID FULL-INCLUSION; DISABILITIES; STUDENTS; PERSPECTIVE; LONELINESS; FRIENDSHIP; SETTINGS; SKILLS AB Including children with autism in regular classrooms has become prevalent; yet some evidence suggests such placements could increase the risk of isolation and rejection. In this study, we used social network methods to explore the involvement of children with autism in typical classrooms. Participants were 398 children (196 boys) in regular 2nd through 5th grade classes, including 17 children (14 boys) with high functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome. Children reported on friendship qualities, peer acceptance, loneliness, and classroom social networks. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0164-4 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000005 PM 16855874 ER PT J AU Bolte, S Knecht, S Poustka, F AF Boelte, Sven Knecht, Susan Poustka, Fritz TI A case-control study of personality style and psychopathology in parents of subjects with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; schizophrenia; obsessive-compulsive disorder; mental retardation; phenotype; genetics ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; PHENOTYPE; RELATIVES; TRAITS; TWIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB To probe the specificity of traits that might be conceptualised as the broader phenotype of autism, parents of subjects with autism from simplex and multiplex families as well as parents of subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD), early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and mental retardation (MR) were assessed using the Personality Style and Disorder Inventory and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Autism parents' scores were increased on several subscales (e.g. reserved/schizoid, depression) compared to parents of subjects with OCD, EOS and normative data, but not in comparison to MR parents. Results provide some support for the specificity of the broader phenotype of autism. The burden of raising severely disabled children could not be ruled out as a factor influencing parts of this phenotype. C1 Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. JW Goethe Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Ulm, Dept Clin & Adolescent Psychiat, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. RP Bolte, S (reprint author), Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0165-3 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000006 PM 16897383 ER PT J AU Zandt, F Prior, M Kyrios, M AF Zandt, Fiona Prior, Margot Kyrios, Michael TI Repetitive behaviour in children with high functioning autism and obsessive compulsive disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; obsessive compulsive disorder; repetitive behaviours ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD AB Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and children with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were compared on a range of repetitive behaviours. Parents reported similar levels of sameness behaviour and repetitive movements in the clinical groups, although children with OCD engaged in more repetitive behaviour focussed around routines and rituals. Children with OCD reported more compulsions and obsessions than children with ASD; both groups reported more compulsions and obsessions than a typically developing comparison group. Types of compulsions and obsessions tended to be less sophisticated in children with ASD than those with OCD. Sameness behaviour was more prevalent in younger children with OCD, but for children with ASD, age was not significantly related to sameness behaviour, repetitive movements, compulsions, or obsessions. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Prior, M (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM priorm@unimelb.edu.au CR American Academy of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1998, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V37, p27S, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199810001-00003 Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 Bodfish JW, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P237, DOI 10.1023/A:1005596502855 Bolton D, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P131, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01384.x Chang S., 2002, HDB SERIOUS EMOTIONA, P175 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Evans DW, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P58, DOI 10.2307/1131925 Fecteau S, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P255, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007003003 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 King RA, 1999, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V8, P577 Kirkby KC, 2003, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V16, P49, DOI 10.1097/01.yco.0000049400.78338.f2 LECKMAN JF, 1999, TOURETTES SYNDROME T, P285 Lewis MH, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P80, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<80::AID-MRDD4>3.0.CO;2-0 Manjiviona J., 1999, AUTISM, V3, P327, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361399003004003 Mayes SD, 2003, LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN ASPERGER SYNDROME, P15 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P772 Militerni R, 2002, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V11, P210, DOI 10.1007/s00787-002-0279-x PAULS DL, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P76 Presta S, 2003, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V36, P55, DOI 10.1159/000070359 PRIOR M, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P154, DOI 10.1007/BF01537990 Prior M, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P893, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00389 Reaven J, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P145, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007002003 Riddle M, 1998, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V173, P91 Robinson R, 1998, B MENNINGER CLIN, V62, pA49 Rojahn J, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P577, DOI 10.1023/A:1013299028321 Sattler J.M., 1992, ASSESSMENT CHILDREN Scahill L, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P844, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199706000-00023 Schultz RT, 1999, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V8, P513 Shafran R., 1998, COGNITIVE BEHAV THER, P45 Smith T., 2002, HDB SERIOUS EMOTIONA, P131 Szatmari P, 1998, ASPERGER SYNDROME HI, P61 Towbin KE, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P23, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00049-4 Turner M., 1995, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE Turner M. A., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS, P57 Volkmar FR, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.045_1.x Zohar AH, 1999, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V8, P445 Zohar AH, 2001, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V29, P121, DOI 10.1023/A:1005231912747 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0158-2 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000007 PM 16865546 ER PT J AU Hellemans, H Colson, K Verbraeken, C Vermeiren, R Deboutte, D AF Hellemans, Hans Colson, Kathy Verbraeken, Christine Vermeiren, Robert Deboutte, Dirk TI Sexual behavior in high-functioning male adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; sexuality; sexual behavior; sexual problems; paraphilia ID ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE AB Group home caregivers of 24 institutionalized, male, high-functioning adolescents and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, were interviewed with the Interview Sexuality Autism. Most subjects were reported to express sexual interest and to display some kind of sexual behavior. Knowledge of socio-sexual skills existed, but practical use was moderate. Masturbation was common. Many subjects were seeking physical contact with others. Half of the sample had experienced a relationship, while three were reported to have had sexual intercourse. The number of bisexual orientations appeared high. Ritual-sexual use of objects and sensory fascinations with a sexual connotation were sometimes present. A paraphilia was present in two subjects. About one third of the group needed intervention regarding sexual development or behavior. C1 Univ Antwerp, ZNA Middelheim, Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. CW Laken, Laken, Belgium. CLB Lier, Lier, Belgium. VU, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Hellemans, H (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, ZNA Middelheim, Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat Antwerp, Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM Hans.Hellemans@telenet.be CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bagley C, 1998, J HOMOSEXUAL, V36, P1, DOI 10.1300/J082v36n02_01 Brugman E, 1995, JEUGD SEKS 95 RESULT Craft A., 1994, PRACTICE ISSUES SEXU FORD A, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P430 FRENKEN J, 2002, TIJDSCHRIFT KLINISCH, V32, P6 GRAY S, 2000, AUTISM SEXUALITY GUI HELLEMANS H, 1989, REFERATENBUNDEL IN S, P55 HELLEMANS H, 1996, AUTISME SEKSUALITEIT Hingsburger D., 1991, HABILITATIVE MENTAL, V10, P51 KEMPTON W, 2003, SOCIALIZATION SEXUAL KEMPTON W, 1999, LIFE HORIZONS, V2 KEMPTON W, 1999, LIFE HORIZONS, V1 KOBAYASHI R, 1996, RECENT PROGR CHILD A, P12 Koller R, 2000, SEX DISABIL, V18, P125, DOI 10.1023/A:1005567030442 Konstantareas MM, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1025805405188 Landen M, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P170 MALETZKY BM, 1998, GUIDE TREATMENTS WOR, P525 Matthijs Koen, 2003, HOUDINGEN OMTRENT HU Meister C., 1994, CANADIAN J HUMAN SEX, V3, P283 Melone M. B., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P169 OUSLEY OY, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P471, DOI 10.1007/BF02206871 Realmuto GM, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P121, DOI 10.1023/A:1023088526314 RUBLE LA, 1993, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V22, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01541768 *SIECUS, 1996, GUID COMPR SEX ED KI Van Son-Schoones N, 1995, INT J ADOLESCENT MED, V8, P87 VanBourgondien ME, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P113, DOI 10.1023/A:1025883622452 VOGELS T, 1990, JEUGD SEKS GEDRAG GE Williams PG, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P635, DOI 10.1007/BF02172352 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0159-1 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000008 PM 16868848 ER PT J AU Ropar, D Peebles, D AF Ropar, Danielle Peebles, David TI Sorting preference in children with autism: The dominance of concrete features SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; concrete and abstract information; categorization ID PRIOR KNOWLEDGE; INDIVIDUALS; MIND; CATEGORIZATION; DEFICIT AB The current study investigates preference to sort objects on the basis of either concrete or abstract features in children with and without autism. Participants were asked to sort a set of books into two groups that could be differentiated according to concrete (color, size) or abstract criteria (category membership: sports/games). The results showed that those with autism, unlike controls, were significantly more likely to sort according to a concrete criterion. In a further phase of testing, those with autism still did not sort according to abstract criteria, even when this was the only basis for sorting systematically. The findings are interpreted as evidence for a preference in autism to process concrete over abstract features of stimuli. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Ropar, D (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 270 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0166-2 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000009 PM 16897382 ER PT J AU Ring, H Sharma, S Wheelwright, S Barrett, G AF Ring, Howard Sharma, Simeran Wheelwright, Sally Barrett, Geoff TI An electrophysiological investigation of semantic incongruity processing by people with Asperger's syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; event-related potential; semantic incongruity; context ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; BRAIN POTENTIALS; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; N400; SENTENCES; CHILDREN; MEMORY AB The aim of this study was to investigate whether a physiological measure of impaired use of context could be obtained in people with Asperger's Syndrome (AS). The experimental paradigm employed was the use of electroencephalography to measure the detection of semantic incongruity within written sentences, as indexed by an N400 event-related potential. Whilst the seven controls appropriately demonstrated N400 potentials only to semantically incongruent stimuli, the seven participants with AS inappropriately demonstrated N400 potentials to congruent stimuli. These results are compatible with the possibility that the participants with AS did not use the context within sentences to predict the final word of the sentences. C1 Univ Cambridge, Sect Dev Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med, London WC1E 7HU, England. Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Ring, H (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Sect Dev Psychiat, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0167-1 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000010 PM 16865545 ER PT J AU Goddard, L Howlin, P Dritschel, B Patel, T AF Goddard, Lorna Howlin, Patricia Dritschel, Barbara Patel, Trishna TI Autobiographical memory and social problem-solving in Asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autobiographical memory; social problem-solving; Asperger syndrome ID EPISODIC MEMORY; AUTISM; DEPRESSION; SELF; CONSCIOUSNESS; COMMUNICATION; DISORDER; AMNESIA; TIME; MIND AB Difficulties in social interaction are a central feature of Asperger syndrome. Effective social interaction involves the ability to solve interpersonal problems as and when they occur. Here we examined social problem-solving in a group of adults with Asperger syndrome and control group matched for age, gender and IQ. We also assessed autobiographical memory, on a cueing task and during social problem-solving, and examined the relationship between access to specific past experiences and social problem-solving ability. Results demonstrated a social problem-solving impairment in the Asperger group. Their solutions were less detailed, less effective and less extended in time. Autobiographical memory performance was also impaired with significantly longer latencies to retrieve specific memories and fewer specific memories retrieved in comparison to controls. C1 Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, London SW17 0RE, England. Univ St Andrews, Dept Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. RP Goddard, L (reprint author), Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, England. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0168-0 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000011 PM 16874561 ER PT J AU Clifford, S Young, R Williamson, P AF Clifford, Sally Young, Robyn Williamson, Paul TI Assessing the early characteristics of autistic disorder using video analysis SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic disorder; infants; early social characteristics; early identification; home videos; home movies ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; EARLY RECOGNITION; JOINT ATTENTION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; AGE; INFANCY; IMPAIRMENTS AB The behaviours of infants were observed using home videos, in an attempt to identify social difficulties characteristic of infants with autistic disorder. Three groups of infants were analysed: 15 infants who had later been diagnosed with autism, 15 infants who had a developmental or language delay, and 15 typically developing infants. Social behaviours were coded using both quantitative and qualitative measures. The principal discriminating items between the groups were found to be 'Cypeer interest', 'Cygaze aversion', 'Cyanticipatory postures', and 'Cyproto-declarative showing'. The results suggest that these children later diagnosed with autism are clinically distinct from their peers before the age of two years, and that there are clearly observable behaviours which are important predictors of autistic disorder in pre-verbal children. C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Fac Social Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Clifford, S (reprint author), Disabil Serv Commiss, Perth, Australia. EM SallyCl@dsc.wa.gov.au CR Adrien J. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0160-8 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000012 PM 17031450 ER PT J AU Wilson, R Pascalis, O Blades, M AF Wilson, Rebecca Pascalis, Olivier Blades, Mark TI Familiar face recognition in children with autism: The differential use of inner and outer face parts SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; children; familiar face; part face ID UNFAMILIAR FACES; SPECTRUM DISORDER; FEATURES; IDENTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; ADVANTAGE AB We investigated whether children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) have a deficit in recognising familiar faces. Children with ASD were given a forced choice familiar face recognition task with three conditions: full faces, inner face parts and outer face parts. Control groups were children with developmental delay (DD) and typically developing (TD) children. Children with ASD and children with DD recognised slightly fewer faces than did TD children, but there was no ASD-specific deficit. All groups displayed the same pattern of face part superiority: full-face superiority over inner face, and inner face superiority over outer face. Therefore, the pattern of familiar face recognition by children with ASD was similar to the pattern found in other children. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wilson, R (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0169-z PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000013 PM 17378032 ER PT J AU Provost, B Lopez, BR Heimerl, S AF Provost, Beth Lopez, Brian R. Heimerl, Sandra TI A comparison of motor delays in young children: Autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and developmental concerns SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; early childhood; developmental delay; motor delay; motor development ID ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; MOVEMENT; INFANCY; AGE; IMPAIRMENT; DIAGNOSIS; SYMPTOMS AB This study assessed motor delay in young children 21-41 months of age with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and compared motor scores in children with ASD to those of children without ASD. Fifty-six children (42 boys, 14 girls) were in three groups: children with ASD, children with developmental delay (DD), and children with developmental concerns without motor delay. Descriptive analysis showed all children with ASD had delays in gross motor skills, fine motor skills, or both. Children with ASD and children with DD showed significant impairments in motor development compared to children who had developmental concerns without motor delay. Motor scores of young children with ASD did not differ significantly on motor skill measures when compared to young children with DD. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Phys Therapy Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, Ctr Dev & Disabil, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Provost, B (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Phys Therapy Program, MSC09 5230,1, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM eprovost@salud.unm.edu CR ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 Baranek GT, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1020541906063 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Berkeley SL, 2001, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V18, P405 Folio M. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0170-6 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000014 PM 16868847 ER PT J AU Hala, S Pexman, PM Glenwright, M AF Hala, Suzanne Pexman, Penny M. Glenwright, Melanie TI Priming the meaning of homographs in typically developing children and children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; cognition; executive function; weak central coherence; priming; homographs ID VISUAL WORD RECOGNITION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CENTRAL COHERENCE; WORKING-MEMORY; READING HOMOGRAPHS; COGNITIVE DEFICIT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INDIVIDUALS; MIND; PERFORMANCE AB Two explanations for deficits underlying autism were tested: weak central coherence (WCC) and executive dysfunction. Consistent with WCC, Happe (British Journal of Developmental Psychology 15 (1997) 1) found that children with autism failed to use sentence context in pronouncing homographs. In an alternate approach, we investigated whether children with autism can use meanings of related word primes. We presented children with autism and controls with primes for homographs, semantically related, and unrelated targets. Children with autism used primes to correctly pronounce homographs upon first presentation but showed difficulty inhibiting prior responses upon later presentation of the homographs with different primes. Children with autism also showed semantic priming effects. We conclude that children with autism do not show an absolute deficit in ability to use contextual information. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Psychol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Hala, S (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Psychol, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0162-6 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000015 PM 16855875 ER PT J AU Pry, R Bodet, J Pernon, E Aussilloux, C Baghdadli, A AF Pry, Rene Bodet, Joffrey Pernon, Eric Aussilloux, Charles Baghdadli, Amaria TI Initial characteristics of psychological development and evolution of the young autistic child SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; psychological development; assessment; subtypes; cluster analysis ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR PROFILES; DISORDERS; CLASSIFICATION; CONTINUITY; SUBGROUPS; SYMPTOMS; SUBTYPES; DOMAINS; AGE AB This longitudinal study assessed multidisciplinary data on 219 children with autistic spectrum disorders from the median age of 5 (Time 1) to 8 years old (Time 2). The evolution of psychological and adaptive data was subjected to cluster analysis. Four clinically meaningful clusters emerged. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0161-7 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000016 PM 16897385 ER PT J AU Smith, T Scahill, L Dawson, G Guthrie, D Lord, C Odom, S Rogers, S Wagner, A AF Smith, Tristram Scahill, Lawrence Dawson, Geraldine Guthrie, Donald Lord, Catherine Odom, Samuel Rogers, Sally Wagner, Ann TI Designing research studies on psychosocial interventions in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; psychosocial intervention; behavioral treatment; clinical trial; single-subject design ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; INTENSIVE EARLY INTERVENTION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; PSYCHOTHERAPY; FLEXIBILITY; COMPETENCE; MODERATORS AB To address methodological challenges in research on psychosocial interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a model was developed for systematically validating and disseminating interventions in a sequence of steps. First, initial efficacy studies are conducted to establish interventions as promising. Next, promising interventions are assembled into a manual, which undergoes pilot-testing. Then, randomized clinical trials test efficacy under controlled conditions. Finally, effectiveness studies evaluate outcomes in community settings. Guidelines for research designs at each step are presented. Based on the model, current priorities in ASD research include (a) preparation for efficacy and effectiveness trials by developing manuals for interventions that have shown promise and (b) initial efficacy studies on interventions for core features of ASD such as social reciprocity. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Strong Ctr Dev Disabil, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Nursing, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. 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Youssef, Eriene Zhu, Young Dunbar, Fiona TI Risperidone improves behavioral symptoms in children with autism in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; risperidone; behavioral symptoms; hyperactivity; irritability; safety ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RATING-SCALE; ADOLESCENTS; TERM; PHARMACOTHERAPY; NORMS; FORM AB Subgroup analysis of children (5-12 years) with autism enrolled in an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for pervasive developmental disorders. The primary efficacy measure was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability (ABC-I) subscale. Data were available for 55 children given risperidone (n = 27) or placebo (n = 28); mean baseline ABC-I ( +/- SD) was 20.6 (8.1) and 21.6 (10.2). Risperidone [mean dose ( +/- SD): 1.37 mg/day (0.7)] resulted in significantly greater reduction from baseline to endpoint in ABC-I versus placebo [mean change (+/- SD): -13.4 (1.5) vs. -7.2 (1.4), P < 0.05; ES = -0.7]. The most common adverse effect with risperidone was somnolence (74% vs. 7% with placebo). Risperidone treatment was well tolerated and significantly improved behavioral problems associated with autism. C1 Janssen Med Affairs, LLC, CNS Clin Dev, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA. Janssen Ortho Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada. Janssen Pharmaceut, Med Affairs, Titusville, NJ USA. RP Pandina, GJ (reprint author), Janssen Med Affairs, LLC, CNS Clin Dev, 1125 Trenton Harbourton Rd, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA. EM gpandina@janus.jnj.com CR Aman Michael G, 2004, Semin Pediatr Neurol, V11, P225, DOI 10.1016/j.spen.2004.07.006 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 Aman MG, 1996, RES DEV DISABIL, V17, P41, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00039-9 Aman MG, 2004, CNS SPECTRUMS, V9, P36 American Diabetes Association American Psychiatric Association American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 2004, DIABETES CARE, V27, P596 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Arnold LE, 2003, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V42, P1443, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000091946.28938.54 Carter AS, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P287, DOI 10.1023/A:1026056518470 Chez Michael G, 2004, Semin Pediatr Neurol, V11, P229, DOI 10.1016/j.spen.2004.07.007 CHOUINARD G, 1980, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V7, P233 Dunbar F, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P918, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.918 Findling RL, 2003, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V64, P1362 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Gagliano A, 2004, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V14, P39, DOI 10.1089/104454604773840472 Horner RH, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P423, DOI 10.1023/A:1020593922901 Malone RP, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V41, P140, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200202000-00007 Masi G, 2003, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V64, P1039 Masi G, 2004, CNS DRUGS, V18, P1031, DOI 10.2165/00023210-200418140-00006 McDougle CJ, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1142, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1142 Nicolson R, 1998, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V37, P372, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199804000-00014 Posey DJ, 2000, HARVARD REV PSYCHIAT, V8, P45, DOI 10.1093/hrp/8.2.45 McCracken JT, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P314, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa013171 Reyes M, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P402, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.402 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Shea S, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, pE634, DOI 10.1542/peds.2003-0264-F SPARROW SS, 1985, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V10, P215, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/10.2.215 Tasse MJ, 1996, RES DEV DISABIL, V17, P59, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00037-2 Yeargin-Allsopp M, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P49, DOI 10.1001/jama.289.1.49 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 42 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0234-7 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000018 PM 17019624 ER PT J AU Preece, D Jordan, R AF Preece, David Jordan, Rita TI Short breaks services for children with autistic spectrum disorders: Factors associated with service use and non-use SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger; autistic spectrum disorder; short breaks; respite; family support ID RESPITE-CARE; NEEDS; FAMILIES AB Short break services in a UK county were studied using a postal survey of 256 families with a child with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Results confirmed high degrees of stress and low levels of informal support for all families, but no significant difference in the informal support available to non-users as compared to users of short break services. Robinson & Stalker's (1990) 10-point dependency scale showed a significant difference in dependence and more difficult behaviors between children of users and non-users. However, a large number of non-users had children with high dependence (scoring > 7 points). Access was denied by the age of the child (under 11) diagnosis (Asperger syndrome), educational placement (mainstream) and lack of social worker referral. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Jordan, R (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM r.r.jordan@bham.ac.uk RI Preece, David/J-9672-2012 CR Abelson A. G., 1999, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V14, P96, DOI 10.1177/108835769901400204 BARSON C, 1998, AUTISM SUPPORTING FA Boyd B. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0174-2 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000019 PM 16897379 ER PT J AU Ishijima, M Kurita, H AF Ishijima, Michiko Kurita, Hiroshi TI Brief report: Identical male twins concordant for Asperger's disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's disorder; comorbidity; genetics; monozygotic twins; pervasive developmental disorders ID AUTISM AB The first case study of identical male twins concordant for DSM-IV Asperger's disorder (ASD) was presented. Their monozygocity was confirmed by short tandem repeat analyses with a probability of 99.999963%. Despite sharing the same DNA and environment, the twins are different in comorbidity (i.e., major depressive disorder in the elder and absence seizure in the younger) and in IQs and motor performance (i.e., the elder was lower in IQs and clumsier). Both of them were normal in computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging discordant with some previous reports of brain imaging abnormalities in ASD. Further studies are needed to clarify inherited/acquired epigenetic defects and brain imaging abnormalities relating to behavioral phenotypes in ASD twins. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Neuropsychiat, Med Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. Zenkoku Ryoiku Sodan Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ishijima, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Neuropsychiat, Med Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. EM ishijimam-tky@umin.ac.jp CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Amir RE, 1999, NAT GENET, V23, P185 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 Berthier ML, 2003, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V45, P207, DOI 10.1017/S0012162203000392 BURGOINE E, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P261, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.3.261 Dennis C, 2003, NATURE, V421, P686, DOI 10.1038/421686a Folstein S., 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P291 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, NATURE, V265, P726, DOI 10.1038/265726a0 Ghaziuddin M, 1998, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V42, P279 Goldstein G, 2001, Appl Neuropsychol, V8, P148, DOI 10.1207/S15324826AN0803_3 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0150-x PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000020 PM 16868849 ER PT J AU Tsang, SKM Shek, DTL Lam, LL Tang, FLY Cheung, PMP AF Tsang, Sandra K. M. Shek, Daniel T. L. Lam, Lorinda L. Tang, Florence L. Y. Cheung, Penita M. P. TI Brief report: Application of the TEACCH program on Chinese pre-school children with autism - Does culture make a difference? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; TEACCH; Hong Kong; Chinese children; intervention; preschool program training AB A longitudinal study was conducted on 34 children with autism to evaluate the usefulness of the Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) program for Chinese pre-school children in Hong Kong. Eighteen children received full-time center-based TEACCH program training. The control group included 16 children who received different types of individualized or group training but not TEACCH program training. Instruments validated in Hong Kong were used to assess the children's cognitive, social adaptive functioning and developmental abilities before and during the training at 6-month intervals for 12 months. Children in the experimental group showed better outcomes at posttest. They also showed progress in different developmental domains over time. The study provided initial support for the effectiveness of using the TEACCH program with Chinese children. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Social Work & Social Adm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Social Work, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Heep Hong Soc, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Tsang, SKM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Social Work & Social Adm, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM sandratsang@hku.hk RI Shek, Daniel/N-9576-2014 OI Shek, Daniel/0000-0003-3359-6229 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th *HLTH WELF BUR, 1995, REP OV STUD VIS AUT Kwok J., 1989, HONG KONG BASED ADAP Mesibov G, 1998, CULTURE AUTISM THEOR Ozonoff S, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P25, DOI 10.1023/A:1026006818310 Panerai S, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P345 SCHOPLER E, 1971, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V24, P416 Schopler E., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P767 Schopler E., 1990, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES, VI Schopler E, 2000, INT J MENT HEALTH, V29, P3 Schreibman L, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P373, DOI 10.1023/A:1005535120023 Shek DTL, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P37, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-1029-3 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STUTSMAN R, 1945, MERRILLPALMER SCALE NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0199-6 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140CR UT WOS:000244481000021 PM 16906461 ER PT J AU DeVincent, CJ Gadow, KD Delosh, D Geller, L AF DeVincent, Carla J. Gadow, Kenneth D. Delosh, Danielle Geller, Lynda TI Sleep disturbance and its relation to DSM-IV psychiatric symptoms in preschool-age children with pervasive developmental disorder and community controls SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sleep; autism; Asperger disorder; pervasive developmental disorder; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; oppositional defiant disorder; conduct disorder ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; ADHD SYMPTOMS; PATTERNS; COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD; SUBTYPES AB This study describes the relation between sleep problems and psychiatric symptoms in preschool-age children (3 to 5 years old) with pervasive developmental disorder and a community-based sample of children attending early childhood programs. Parents completed the Early Childhood Inventory-4, a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition)-referenced rating scale for 2 samples: children with pervasive developmental disorder (n = 112) and nondisabled youngsters (n = 497). Although children with pervasive developmental disorder had a significantly greater number and severity of sleep problems than the community preschoolers did,sleep-disturbed children in both samples exhibited more severe behavioral difficulties-primarily symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder-than did children without sleep problems. Sleep problems are an indicator of similar comorbid psychiatric symptoms in both children with and without pervasive developmental disorder, which suggests commonalities in their etiology. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat, Cody Ctr Autism & Dev Disabilities, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP DeVincent, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat, Cody Ctr Autism & Dev Disabilities, Putnam Hall,S Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. 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Child Neurol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1177/0883073807300310 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 161ZE UT WOS:000246054900005 PM 17621477 ER PT J AU Chawarska, K Klin, A Paul, R Volkmar, F AF Chawarska, Katarzyna Klin, Ami Paul, Rhea Volkmar, Fred TI Autism spectrum disorder in the second year: stability and change in syndrome expression SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT START/CPEA Network Meeting CY 2004 CL Washington, DC DE autism; ASD; PDD-NOS; early diagnosis; ADOS-G; ADI-R; infants; toddlers; assessment; longitudinal studies ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DSM-IV; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; ADI-R; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FIELD TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; AGE AB Objectives: Increasing numbers of young children referred for a differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) necessitates better understanding of the early syndrome expression and the utility of the existing state-of-the art diagnostic methods in this population. Method: Out of 31 infants under the age of 2 years referred for a differential diagnosis, 19 were diagnosed with autism, and 9 with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD- NOS) when reassessed at 3 years. We examined 1) the symptoms of ASD in the second year and changes in the syndrome expression by the age of three; 2) relationship between expert-assigned clinical diagnosis and diagnostic classification based on Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in the second year; 3) the relationship between direct observation and parental report of ASD symptoms. Results: Symptoms of autism and PDD- NOS in the second year were pronounced and stability of the clinical diagnosis was high. The agreement between clinician-assigned autism but not PDD- NOS diagnosis and the ADOS-G was high. However, sensitivity of the ADI-R diagnostic classification of autism was poor. Comparison of concurrent parental report and direct observation revealed discrepancies in severity ratings of key dyadic social behaviors. Changes in communication reflected acquisition of language accompanied by the emergence of unusual language characteristics. Symptoms of social dysfunction were relatively stable over time, and so was the severity of stereotyped behaviors. Conclusions: The study provides support for stability of clinical diagnosis and syndrome expression in the second year and highlights advantages and limitations of the ADI-R and ADOS-G for diagnosing and documenting symptoms of ASD in infants. C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. RP Chawarska, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, Sch Med, 40 Temple St,Suite 71, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM Katarzyna.Chawarska@Yale.edu CR Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS CO Bono MA, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P495, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2545-x Carpenter M, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P91, DOI 10.1023/A:1014836521114 Chakrabarti S, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1133, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1133 Chakrabarti S, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P3093, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.24.3093 Charman T, 1997, DEV PSYCHOL, V33, P781, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.33.5.781 Charman T, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P500, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x Charman T, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P289, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00022 CHAWARSKA K, UNPUB J AUTISM DEV D CHAWARSKA K, 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 Cox A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P719, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00488 de Bildt A, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P129 Eaves LC, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P367, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000037414.33270.a8 Filipek PA, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P439, DOI 10.1023/A:1021943802493 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x Goldberg WA, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P607, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000005998.47370.ef GOTHAM K, 2005, INT M AUT RES BOST M KLIN A, 2003, HDB INFANT TODDLER M Klin A, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P163, DOI 10.1023/A:1005415823867 Lord C., 2000, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x Lord C, 2000, COMM LANG INTERVEN, V9, P11 Lord C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P936, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00287.x LORD C, 1993, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V14, P234, DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(199323)14:3<234::AID-IMHJ2280140308>3.0.CO;2-F Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 Rutter M., 2003, ADI R AUTISM DIAGNOS Siller M, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P77, DOI 10.1023/A:1014884404276 Siperstein R, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P731, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-5294-y Stone WL, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P219, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098003370 STONE WL, 1994, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V148, P174 Volkmar FR, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P135, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00317.x VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P1450 Walker DR, 2004, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V43, P172, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000101375.03068.db Werner E, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P889, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.889 Zwaigenbaum L, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P143, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 NR 41 TC 118 Z9 120 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD FEB PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01685.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 131LB UT WOS:000243869300003 PM 17300551 ER PT J AU Gillberg, IC Rastam, M Wentz, E Gillberg, C AF Gillberg, I. Carina Rastam, Maria Wentz, Elisabet Gillberg, Christopher TI Cognitive and executive functions in anorexia nervosa ten years after onset of eating disorder SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BULIMIA-NERVOSA; BODY-IMAGE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; WEIGHT-GAIN; ADOLESCENTS; AUTISM; PERCEPTION; RECOVERY AB In a longitudinal study, the authors explore the course of general cognition in anorexia nervosa (AN) over time and compare general cognitive problems, executive function deficits, attentional problems and visuomotor dysfunctions across AN individuals and healthy controls. A community-based sample of adolescent onset AN cases (n = 40-47) was contrasted with an age-, sex- and school matched comparison group (n = 47-51) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Luria word recall test at a mean age of 24 years. Only two of the cases tested were underweight at the time of the study. The Wechsler scale had also been administered when the groups had a mean age of 21 years. There were few differences across the two groups even though the comparison group performed significantly better on the Object Assembly subtest of the WAIS-R. IQ increased slightly but significantly over time in both groups. There was no relationship between level of starvation and poor results on tests in the AN group. A subgroup of the subjects had autism spectrum disorders. In this subgroup there were cases with test profiles similar to those observed in autism and Asperger syndrome, just as there had been on testing three years previously. Ten years after AN onset, the former AN cases showed no major neuropsychological deficits. A subgroup with autistic features had test profiles similar to those observed in autism spectrum disorders. The AN group as a whole showed poor results on the object assembly subtest indicating weak central coherence with a tendency to focus on details at the expense of configural information. This cognitive style may account for their obsession with details, with implications for psychoeducational approaches in treatment programmes/interventions. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Swedish Natl Healthcare & Sci, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Gillberg, C (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Swedish Natl Healthcare & Sci, Kungsgatan 12, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM christopher.gillberg@pediat.gu.se CR American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th APA, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTFAI A, 1992, WAIS R MAN SWED VERS Benton A. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1080/13803390600584632 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 146HX UT WOS:000244926200006 PM 17365252 ER PT J AU Troost, PW Lahuis, BE Hermans, MH Buitelaar, JK van Engeland, H Scahill, L Minderaa, RB Hoekstra, PJ AF Troost, Pieter W. Lahuis, Bertine E. Hermans, Mirjam H. Buitelaar, Jan K. van Engeland, Herman Scahill, Lawrence Minderaa, Ruud B. Hoekstra, Pieter J. TI Prolactin release in children treated with risperidone - Impact and role of CYP2D6 metabolism SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIPSYCHOTIC-INDUCED HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; ELEVATED PROLACTIN; ADVERSE EVENTS; ADOLESCENTS; 9-HYDROXYRISPERIDONE; DISORDERS; PHARMACOKINETICS; DISCONTINUATION; AUTISM AB Objective: Little is known about the role of CYP2136 polymorphism in risperidone-induced prolactin release in children. Method: Twenty-five children (aged 5-15 years) with pervasive developmental disorders were genotyped for CYP2D6 polymorphisms. Serum prolactin, risperidone, and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of risperidone treatment (mean dosage, 0.06 +/- 0.03 mg/kg/d). After 24 weeks of treatment, prolactin was measured in a subsample of 15 children. Adverse effects were evaluated using a clinician-rated survey. Results: Mean +/- SD prolactin levels increased from 7.8 +/- 1 8.0 ng/mL at baseline to 33.2 +/- 12.8 ng/mL at week 8 (P < 0.001), with a slight decrease to 28.8 +/- 13.6 ng/mL at week 24. At week 8, serum prolactin level was positively correlated with dose per kilogram (r = 0.648, P < 0.001), number of functional CYP2D6 genes (J = 2.117, P = 0.034), and serum 9-hydroxyrisperidone concentration (r = 0.664, P = 0.001) and was negatively correlated with the risperidone/9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio (r = -0.571, P = 0.004) but not with risperidone concentration (r = -0.243, P = 0.264) nor age (r = 0.072, P = 0.733). Prolactin elevation was not associated with adverse effects. Conclusions: Low-to-intermediate doses of risperidone induced a 4-fold prolactin increase in children without a clear development of tolerance up to 6 months. CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolism may be a risk factor for more pronounced prolactin elevation. C1 Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1097/JCP.0b013e31802e68d5 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 128HF UT WOS:000243648100009 PM 17224713 ER PT J AU Chiu, S Wegelin, JA Blank, J Jenkins, M Day, J Hessl, D Tassone, F Hagerman, R AF Chiu, Sufen Wegelin, Jacob A. Blank, Jeremy Jenkins, Megan Day, Josh Hessl, David Tassone, Flora Hagerman, Randi TI Early acceleration of head circumference in children with fragile X syndrome and autism SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; autism spectrum disorder; head circumference ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; MACRO-ORCHIDISM; MALES AB Objective: Head circumference (HC) growth has been shown in several studies to be accelerated early in life in both fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the rates of growth have not been compared between those with only FXS and those with FXS and ASD (FXS + ASD). Methods: We hypothesized that individuals with FXS + ASD would have significantly larger HCs from individuals with only FXS and that there would be an early acceleration of HC in both the FXS-only and FXS + ASD groups. HC measurements were available retrospectively for 44 males, five and younger, with FXS, of whom 22 also had ASD. Measurements over time were available for 24 of the 44 children. HC percentiles were compared between the groups in two ways: by focusing on cross-sectional subsamples and by fitting hierarchical linear models to the full sample. Results: Neither group differed significantly from the norm in the first year of life (p > 0.2). At 30 months, the FXS + ASD group was 27 percentile points above the norm (p = .0125), whereas the FXS-only group did not differ from the norm. At 60 months, the FXS-only group was 21 percentile points above the norm (p = .029), whereas the FXS + ASD group did not differ from the norm. Conclusion: The group difference in HC growth rate may differentiate brain development in individuals with FXS-only versus those with FXS + ASD. C1 Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chiu, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM sufen.chiu@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu CR Akshoomoff N, 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V14, P613, DOI 10.1017/S0954579402003115 (APA) APA, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bailey A, 1998, BRAIN, V121, P889, DOI 10.1093/brain/121.5.889 Bailey DB, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P499 CHIU S, 2006, EMEDICINE ONLINE TXB Courchesne E, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V290, P337, DOI 10.1001/jama.290.3.337 DeMeyer W, 1972, Neurology, V22, P634 Efron B., 1993, INTRO BOOTSTRAP Hagerman RJ, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, P63, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200602000-00012 Hagerman R.J., 2002, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P3 HEDEKER D, 1997, PSYCHOL METHODS, V2, P66 Kuczmarski R J, 2000, Adv Data, P1 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 NELLHAUS G, 1968, PEDIATRICS, V41, P106 PARTINGTON MW, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P175, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170111 Pinheiro J. C., 2000, MIXED EFFECTS MODELS Rogers SJ, 2001, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V22, P409 ROGOSA D, 1995, J EDUC BEHAV STAT, V20, P149, DOI 10.3102/10769986020002149 Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Sabaratnam M, 2000, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V44, P81, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2000.00261.x SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 17.0 for Windows), 2001, SPSS WIND REL 11 0 1 SWAIMAN KF, 1994, PEDIAT NEUROLOGY TURNER G, 1975, J MED GENET, V12, P367, DOI 10.1136/jmg.12.4.367 TURNER G, 1980, J PEDIATR-US, V96, P837, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80552-X NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1097/01.DBP.0000257518.60083.2d PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 138YO UT WOS:000244399400005 PM 17353729 ER PT J AU Bridgemohan, C AF Bridgemohan, Carolyn TI Autism spectrum disorders: Identification, education and treatment SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Dev Behav Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bridgemohan, C (reprint author), Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Dev Behav Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. CR Zager D., 2005, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 138YO UT WOS:000244399400010 ER PT J AU Stoner, JB Angell, ME House, JJ Bock, SJ AF Stoner, Julia B. Angell, Maureen E. House, Jennifer J. Bock, Stacey Jones TI Transitions: Perspectives from parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE transition; autism spectrum disorders; parents; qualitative research ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SCHOOL; DISABILITIES; PERCEPTIONS; EDUCATION; FAMILIES AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) frequently have difficulty with transitions, which can cause confusion and anxiety; consequently, planning for successful transitions is critical for children with ASD. Parental perspectives are a vital tool in successful transition planning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspectives and concerns of parents of young children with ASD related to transitions. Purposive sampling was used to identify participants. Data were collected through multiple interviews, observations, and documentation. A cross-case analysis method was used to analyze the data. Findings were confirmed using methods of triangulation, respondent validation, and member checking. Six major themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) transitions that parents considered to be effective were child-centered, (b) communication between school and home was a vital link for successful transitions, (c) preparation for transitions began with an understanding of the child, (d) parents identified barriers to successful transitions, (e) parents understood the different types of transitions but focused on horizontal transitions, and (f) parents identified effective transition strategies for their children. Recommendations for successful transitions are offered. C1 Illinois State Univ, Dept Special Educ, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Stoner, JB (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Special Educ, Campus Box 5910, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM jbstone@ilstu.edu CR Adreon D, 2001, INTERV SCH CLIN, V36, P266, DOI 10.1177/105345120103600502 Barbour RS, 2001, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V322, P1115, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1115 CHANDLER LK, 1993, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V25, P52 COFFEY A, 1992, MAKING SENSE QUALITA Creswell J. W., 2002, ED RES PLANNING COND Defur S. H., 2001, CAREER DEV EXCEPTION, V24, P19, DOI [10.1177/088572880102400103, DOI 10.1177/088572880102400103] Dettmer S., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P163, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760001500307 Earles T. L., 1998, ED CHILDREN YOUTH AU, P75 Feinberg E., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P130, DOI [10.1177/108835760001500301, DOI 10.1177/108835760001500301] Fontana F., 2000, HDB QUALITATIVE RES, P645 FOWLER SA, 1991, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V58, P136 HAINLINE ME, 1993, INTEGRATING CHILDREN, P133 HODGDON LA, 2003, VISUAL STRATEGIES IM, V1 Janesick V. J., 2000, HDB QUALITATIVE RES, P379 Kagan SL, 1998, ELEM SCHOOL J, V98, P365, DOI 10.1086/461902 KAGAN SL, 1992, STICKING TOGETHER ST Kohler F. W., 1999, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V14, P150, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769901400304 Lake JF, 2000, REM SPEC EDUC, V21, P240, DOI 10.1177/074193250002100407 Lovitt TC, 1999, REM SPEC EDUC, V20, P134, DOI 10.1177/074193259902000303 MACE J, 2001, CHILD PROFILE PARENT Malterud K, 2001, LANCET, V358, P483, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05627-6 NUEHRING ML, 1994, J DISABILITY POLICY, V14, P23 POLLOWAY EA, 2001, STRATEGIES TEACHING Rosenkoetter SE, 2001, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V21, P3, DOI 10.1177/027112140102100101 Stake R. E., 2000, HDB QUALITATIVE RES, V2nd, P435 Starr EM, 2001, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V36, P55 Stoner J. B., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P39, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576050200010401 Strauss A., 1998, BASICS QUALITATIVE R Turnbull A. P., 2006, FAMILIES PROFESSIONA NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s10882-007-9034-z PG 17 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 137MP UT WOS:000244297000003 ER PT J AU McConachie, H Diggle, T AF McConachie, Helen Diggle, Tim TI Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review SO JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorder; communication; early intervention; parental stress; parent-child interaction; systematic review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE EARLY INTERVENTION; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; TRAINING-PROGRAM; FOLLOW-UP; TRIAL; FAMILY; COMMUNICATION; COTHERAPISTS AB Background Recent estimates concerning the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest that at least one in 200 children is affected. This group of children and families have important service needs. The involvement of parents in implementing intervention strategies designed to help their autistic children has long been accepted as helpful. The potential benefits are increased skills and reduced stress for parents as well as children. Methods This research review focused on interventions for children aged 1-6 years, and was carried out using systematic methodology: a comprehensive search of psychological, educational and biomedical databases, as well as bibliographies and reference lists of key articles, contact with experts in the field, and hand search of key journals. Only studies which involved a concurrent element of control were included. Results The review found very few studies that had adequate research design from which to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of parent-implemented early intervention. Both randomized and controlled studies tended to suggest that parent training leads to improved child communicative behaviour, increased maternal knowledge of autism, enhanced maternal communication style and parent child interaction, and reduced maternal depression. Conclusion It seems that parent training can successfully contribute to intervention for young children with ASD. However, the review highlights the need for improved research in this area. C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirm, Sir James Spence Inst, Sch Clin Med Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England. RP McConachie, H (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirm, Sir James Spence Inst, Sch Clin Med Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England. 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Eval. Clin. Pract. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00674.x PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; General & Internal Medicine GA 133HL UT WOS:000244003900020 PM 17286734 ER PT J AU Garcia-Villamisar, D Hughes, C AF Garcia-Villamisar, D. Hughes, C. TI Supported employment improves cognitive performance in adults with Autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; CANTAB; cognitive variables; supported employment ID SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; CHILDREN; REHABILITATION AB Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a supported employment programme on measures of executive functions for 44 adults with autism, assessed at the beginning and the end of the programme period. The average length of time of the community employment was 30 months. Results: Based on their predominant work activity over the study period, participants were classified into two groups: supported employment and unemployed. At the start of the programme, the groups did not differ on any of the cognitive measures. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that by the end of the programme, the supported employment group showed higher scores for executive functions on variables of CANTAB (Spatial Span Task - span length recalled; Spatial Working Memory Task - strategy; Planning task 'Stockings of Cambridge' - problems solved in minimum moves; Planning task 'Stockings of Cambridge' - mean planning time) and other tasks such as Trail Making Test - part B, time; Matching Familiar Figures (first answer and errors). In contrast, the unemployed group showed no change over time in their cognitive performance. Conclusions: Results of this study suggested that vocational rehabilitation programmes have a beneficial impact upon cognitive performance in people with autism. C1 Univ Complutense, Fac Educ, Dept Personalidad Evaluac & Psicol Clin 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Nuevo Horizonte Assoc, Madrid, Spain. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Family Res, Free Sch Lane, Cambridge CB2 1EP, England. RP Garcia-Villamisar, D (reprint author), Univ Complutense, Fac Educ, Dept Personalidad Evaluac & Psicol Clin 1, Avda Juan XXIII S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00854.x PN 2 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 125KC UT WOS:000243439800006 PM 17217478 ER PT J AU Alanay, Y Unal, F Turanli, G Alikasifoglu, M Alehan, D Akyol, U Belgin, E Sener, C Aktas, D Boduroglu, K Utine, E Volkan-Salanci, B Ozusta, S Genc, A Basar, F Sevinc, S Tuncbilek, E AF Alanay, Y. Unal, F. Turanli, G. Alikasifoglu, M. Alehan, D. Akyol, U. Belgin, E. Sener, C. Aktas, D. Boduroglu, K. Utine, E. Volkan-Salanci, B. Ozusta, S. Genc, A. Basar, F. Sevinc, S. Tuncbilek, E. TI A multidisciplinary approach to the management of individuals with fragile X syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fragile X; intellectual disability; multidisciplinary approach ID EEG FINDINGS; EPILEPSY; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; MALES; ATTENTION; DEFICITS; AUTISM; BOYS AB Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability. Since the identification of the responsible gene (FMR1) and its protein (FMRP), there has been enormous progress in both clinical and pathogenetic research on the neurobehavioural aspects of the condition. However, studies regarding other medical problems anticipated in individuals with FXS are limited. A multidisciplinary study evaluating various causes of morbidity in the same group has not been published yet. Results: Twenty-four boys with FXS full mutation were recruited out of a larger group of 103 diagnosed in one centre over the past 10 years. Ear nose and throat, eye and cardiac examinations were performed in addition to routine cognitive, behavioural, neurological and speech and language assessments. Methods: The average IQ score was 49.8 +/- 20 (range 25-90). There were four patients (18%) with IQ above 70. Using DSM-IV, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was diagnosed in five boys out of 22 examined (23%), while 32% were diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder. The seizure frequency was 17%. A psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in six out of eight boys with electroencephalogram abnormalities (75%). Minimal conductive hearing loss was found in five (5/22) patients. There was significant delay in both expressive and receptive language skills. Ocular findings were refractive errors (13%) and strabismus (4.4%). Mitral valve prolapsus (MVP) was observed in 3/22 (13.7%) patients and aortic annulus dilatation was present in 2/22 (9%) patients. Conclusions: Frequency of psychiatric diagnoses made with DSM-IV were in parallel to those reported in the literature. Comorbidity of seizures and psychiatric disorders was noteworthy. The percentage of 'high-functioning' full mutation males supports the previous observations. Ear nose and throat and eye examination revealed remarkably lower prevalence of abnormal findings than reported. MVP was slightly less frequent compared with the single study in the literature. Age at the time of examination had an effect on the outcome of cardiac evaluation. These findings will guide us in future management of the group of patients followed in our institution. The protocol applied provides an applicable outline for multidisciplinary institutional settings dealing with individuals with FXS. C1 Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Ihsan Dogramaci Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat,Clin Genet Sect, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child Psychiat, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Audiol & Speech Pathol Unit, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. RP Alanay, Y (reprint author), Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Ihsan Dogramaci Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat,Clin Genet Sect, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00942.x PN 2 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 125KC UT WOS:000243439800007 PM 17217479 ER PT J AU Edelmann, L Prosnitz, A Pardo, S Bhatt, J Cohen, N Lauriat, T Ouchanov, L Gonzalez, PJ Manghi, ER Bondy, P Esquivel, M Monge, S Delgado, MF Splendore, A Francke, U Burton, BK McInnes, LA AF Edelmann, Lisa Prosnitz, Aaron Pardo, Sherly Bhatt, Jahnavi Cohen, Ninette Lauriat, Tara Ouchanov, Leonid Gonzalez, Patricia J. Manghi, Elina R. Bondy, Pamela Esquivel, Marcela Monge, Silvia Delgado, Marietha F. Splendore, Alessandra Francke, Uta Burton, Barbara K. McInnes, L. Alison TI An atypical deletion of the Williams-Beuren syndrome interval implicates genes associated with defective visuospatial processing and autism SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DEFICITS; 7Q11.23; INDIVIDUALS; LANGUAGE; BRAIN; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; HUNTINGTIN; GTF2IRD1; PROFILE AB Background: During a genetic study of autism, a female child who met diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, but also exhibited the cognitive-behavioural profile (CBP) associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) was examined. The WBS CBP includes impaired visuospatial ability, an overly friendly personality, excessive non-social anxiety and language delay. Methods: Using array-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH), a deletion corresponding to BAC RP11-89A20 in the distal end of the WBS deletion interval was detected. Hemizygosity was confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation and fine mapping was performed by measuring the copy number of genomic DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The proximal breakpoint was mapped to intron 1 of GTF2IRD1 and the distal breakpoint lies 2.4-3.1 Mb towards the telomere. The subject was completely hemizygous for GTF2I, commonly deleted in carriers of the classic similar to 1.5 Mb WBS deletion, and GTF2IRD2, deleted in carriers of the rare similar to 1.84 Mb WBS deletion. Conclusion: Hemizygosity of the GTF2 family of transcription factors is sufficient to produce many aspects of the WBS CBP, and particularly implicate the GTF2 transcription factors in the visuospatial construction deficit. Symptoms of autism in this case may be due to deletion of additional genes outside the typical WBS interval or remote effects on gene expression at other loci. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY USA. Hosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera, CCSS Child Dev & Behav Unit, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Pediat, Stanford, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Genet, Chicago, IL USA. RP McInnes, LA (reprint author), 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1229, New York, NY USA. 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Med. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1136/jmg.2006.044537 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 134QG UT WOS:000244098100007 PM 16971481 ER PT J AU Zeegers, M van der Grond, J van Daalen, E Buitelaar, J van Engeland, H AF Zeegers, M. van der Grond, J. van Daalen, E. Buitelaar, J. van Engeland, H. TI Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in developmentally delayed young boys with or without autism SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; developmental delay; MRS (or proton) magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID MR SPECTROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BRAIN-METABOLITES; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; LOCALIZED PROTON; CHILDREN; QUANTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS AB Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether brain metabolism of boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is altered compared to boys with a developmental delay without autism if corrected for patient age and developmental level. Study design: 25 boys with ASD (with or without concurrent mental retardation) and 12 boys without ASD with mental retardation or language disorder underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All analyses were performed with chronological age and developmental level as independent variables. Results: No metabolic differences were found between boys with ASD and without ASD. Conclusions: Our findings do not replicate previous reports of differences in NAA, Cho and Cr levels in ASD. C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Leiden, Netherlands. Dept Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Acad Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Zeegers, M (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, POB 85500, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Neural Transm. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 114 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s00702-006-0501-y PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 127WC UT WOS:000243616000019 PM 16715207 ER PT J AU Smith, V Mirenda, P Zaidman-Zait, A AF Smith, Veronica Mirenda, Pat Zaidman-Zait, Anat TI Predictors of expressive vocabulary growth in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; language development; prelinguistic skills; cluster analysis ID COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; JOINT ATTENTION; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; IMITATION; LANGUAGE; VALIDITY AB Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the variability and predictors of expressive vocabulary development in children with autism and very delayed language. Method: This study involved 35 children with autism whose initial chronological ages were between 20 and 71 months and whose initial expressive vocabularies were less than 60 words. Their expressive vocabularies were measured at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months following the start of intervention using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory (L. Fenson et al., 1993). Results: A cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct patterns of expressive vocabulary development over 2 years. The number of words said, the presence of verbal imitation skills and pretend play skills with objects, and the number of gestures to initiate joint attention at baseline were all associated with the cluster of children who demonstrated the most rapid expressive vocabulary growth over time. The 2 clusters of children who demonstrated the least vocabulary growth had the most significant developmental delays and autism severity at 6 months, but not at baseline. Conclusions: This study confirms the heterogeneity in language development in young children with autism and, consistent with other reports, confirms that specific prelinguistic skills are predictive of development. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Educ Psychol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Smith, V (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Educ Psychol, 6-102 Educ N, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada. 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E., 1989, MANY FACES IMITATION, P73 Stone WL, 1997, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V25, P475, DOI 10.1023/A:1022685731726 Stone WL, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P341, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005004002 Szatmari P, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P520, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00141 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J CHILD LANG, V17, P591 TOMASELLO M, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P495 Tomasello M., 1992, SOCIAL DEV, V1, P67, DOI [10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x, DOI 10.1111/1467-9507.EP12953134] Tomasello M., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P103 Ward J. H., 1963, J AM STAT ASSOC, V58, P234, DOI 10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845 NR 76 TC 34 Z9 38 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/013) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 153HT UT WOS:000245423700013 PM 17344556 ER PT J AU O'Neill, DK AF O'Neill, Daniela K. TI The language use inventory for young children: A parent-report measure of pragmatic language development for 18-to 47-month-old children SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE assessment; toddlers; pragmatics; screening; preschool children ID IMPAIRMENT; DISORDERS; AUTISM AB Purpose: To demonstrate the internal reliability and discriminative validity of the Language Use Inventory for Young Children (LUI; D. K. O'Neill, 2002), a newly developed parent-report measure designed to assess pragmatic language development in 18-47-month-olds. Method: To examine internal reliability, the LUI was completed by mail by 177 parents recruited from the University of Waterloo's Centre for Child Studies database, 175 of whom completed the LUI again within A weeks to assess test-retest reliability. To examine discriminative validity, 49 parents of children awaiting assessment at a local speech-language clinic and 49 parents of typically developing children recruited from the Centre for Child Studies database and matched in age and sex to the clinic group completed the LUI. Results: Alpha values for the subscales of the LUI were at or above acceptable levels (.80-.98), and steady growth in children's pragmatic language development was demonstrated. The study of discriminant validity revealed sensitivity and specificity levels over 95%. Conclusions: The LUI's internal reliability and stability were strongly supported and its sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between typically developing and. language-delayed children exceeded even the most stringent criteria of 90% accuracy. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP O'Neill, DK (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM doneill@uwaterloo.ca CR ABEDUTO L, 2004, MENTAL RETARDATION D, V7, P45 ADAMS C, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P211 Anastasi A., 1988, PSYCHOL TESTING Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Bates E., 1976, LANGUAGE CONTEXT ACQ BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 Bishop D. V. 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V., 1999, ASSESSING SCREENING ONEILL DK, 2001, UNPUB PRAGMATICS APT ONEILL DK, 1984, WHY LANGUAGE MATTERS ONEILL DK, 1999, UNPUB PRAGMATICS APT ONEILL DK, 2002, UNPUB LANGUATE USE I ONEILL DK, 1996, UNPUB PRAGMETICS APT Owens R.E., 1995, LANGUAGE DISORDERS F Paul R., 2001, LANGUAGE DISORDERS I Pearson BZ, 1997, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V18, P41, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400009863 Phelps-Terasaki D, 1992, TEST PRAGMATIC LANGU Plante E, 1994, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V25, P15 PRUTTING CA, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P105 RESCORLA L, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P587 Rice ML, 2005, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V26, P7, DOI 10.1017/S0142716405050034 Rossetti L, 1990, ROSSETTI INFANT TODD SALVIA J, 2004, ASSESSMENT Searle J., 1969, SPEECH ACTS ESSAY PH Semel E., 2004, CLIN EVALUATION LANG *STAT CAN 2001 CEN, 2001, LANG COMP CAN LANG S Verschueren Jef, 1999, UNDERSTANDING PRAGMA WEISS CE, 1980, WEISS COMPREHENSIVE Wetherby A., 1993, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Wetherby AM, 2002, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 214 EP 228 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/017) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 153HT UT WOS:000245423700017 PM 17344560 ER PT J AU Georgiades, S Szatmari, P Zwaigenbaum, L Duku, E Bryson, S Roberts, W Goldberg, J Mahoney, W AF Georgiades, Stelios Szatmari, Peter Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Duku, Eric Bryson, Susan Roberts, Wendy Goldberg, Jeremy Mahoney, William TI Structure of the autism symptom phenotype: A proposed multidimensional model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorders; autism; structure of autism phenotype; genetic studies ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; INDIVIDUALS; RELIABILITY; SUBTYPES; DOMAINS; TRAITS AB Background: The main objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive, empirical model that will allow the reorganization of the structure of the pervasive developmental disorder symptom phenotype through factor analysis into more homogeneous dimensions. Method: The sample consisted of 209 children with pervasive developmental disorder referred for genetic studies. The 12 subdomains of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised were used in a factor analysis, and the emerged factors were then correlated with independent variables (measures of cognition, adaptive function, and diagnostic subtype). Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate any familial relationships between sibling pairs on the derived factors. Results: The autism symptom phenotype is indeed made up of three factors or domains that are somewhat different than those used in DSM-IV. Rather, domains include social-communication, inflexible language and behavior, and repetitive sensory and motor behavior. For the three factors, only a small amount of variance was accounted for by cognitive and adaptive functioning. Only inflexible language and behavior showed familial correlation between siblings. Conclusions: The pervasive developmental disorder symptom phenotype is composed of three domains or factors: social-communication, inflexible language and behavior, and repetitive sensory and motor behavior. Each child with pervasive developmental disorder can be characterized by these dimensions, which give an informative picture of the clinical presentation and a quantitative estimate of the severity of the disability. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2007;46(2):188-196. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Pediat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, IWK Hlth Ctr, Dept Pediat & Psychol, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Szatmari, P (reprint author), Offord Ctr Child Studies, Chedoke Site,Patterson Bldg,1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 215 EP 216 DI 10.1051/medsci/2007232215 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 139ES UT WOS:000244415700021 PM 17291434 ER PT J AU Markiewicz, K Pachalska, M AF Markiewicz, Katarzyna Pachalska, Maria TI Diagnosis of severe developmental disorders in children under three years of age SO MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR LA English DT Article DE autism; intellectual disability; specific language impairment (SLI); differential diagnosis ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CENTRAL COHERENCE; AUTISM; ADULTS; SCALE AB Background: Autism, intellectual disability, and specific language impairment (SLI) constitute three important forms of developmental disability that are often mistaken for each other, especially in very Young children (under age 4). Diagnostic problems are caused by the fact that a fundamental problem in cognition, language, or behavior has secondary effects on the remaining areas, which makes it difficult to separate cause from effect. A wrong or absent diagnosis call be a major hindrance in providing properly targeted therapy for developmentally disabled children. Material/Methods: From a population of 667 children referred to a specialized Outpatient clinic for developmentally disabled children, we identified 35 children in whom the fundamental diagnosis of autism, intellectual disability, or SLI was unambiguous, and then analyzed these children's scores oil 7 subtests from the Munich Functional Developmental Diagnosis, in order to identify specific features of each of the three syndromes. Results: The most reliable differentiating factor in our research group proved to be the MFDD SLibtest for self-reliance. 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Lainhart, J. TI The relative contributions of brain, cerebrospinal fluid-filled structures and non-neural tissue volumes to occipital-frontal head circumference in subjects with autism SO NEUROPEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; MRI; brain overgrowth; head circumference ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GROWTH; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; OVERGROWTH; PATTERNS; ADULTS; LIFE AB An increased prevalence of macrocephaly defined by occipital-frontal circumference (OFC) is a consistent finding in autism. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed, the most compelling being early brain overgrowth. However, the proportion of non-neural tissues (NNT) that contribute to OFC has not been reported. Using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods we analyzed the relationships between OFC and total brain (TBV), ventricular, surface cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/meningeal, and NNT volumes in subjects with autism. Sixty male subjects (34 autistic; 26 controls) seven years of age and older were used in this study. Compared to other measures, NNT volume was most significantly related to OFC (r values > 0.8, p <= 0.001), though NNT volume did not differ between the groups. Ventricular volume was also uniformly related to OFC (r approximate to 03, p > 0.06). In contrast, the OFC-TBV relationship was less robust in those with autism (r=0.25, p <= 0.09) and only significant in the controls (r=0.58, p <= 0.001). Conversely, subjects with autism had a more robust and significantly different relationship between subarachnoid CSF/meningeal volume than controls (r=0.53 and 0.24; p <= 0.001 and 0.12, respectively). Possible explanations for these findings are discussed in the context of potential OFC differences that may occur in accelerated early brain growth associated with autism. C1 Ctr Neurol Imaging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Neurol Imaging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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This core symptom of schizophrenia has often been attributed to impaired attention and abnormal sensory motor gating, features that are also found in Huntington's Disease, autism, and several other psychiatric and neurological disorders. The ability to improve prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response may predict the efficacy of compounds as cognitive enhancers. In this study, PPI was disrupted in Wistar rats in three pharmacologic models: dopamine receptor agonism by apomorphine, NMDA receptor antagonism by MK801, or muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism by scopolamine. We then evaluated the commonly used AChEIs, donepezil (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg) and galantamine (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg) for the capacity to improve PPI in each model. Under vehicle conditions, the prepulse stimuli (75, 80 and 85 dB) inhibited the startle response to a 120 dB auditory stimulus in a graded fashion. Galantamine (depending on dose) improved PPI deficits in all three PPI disruption models, whereas donepezil ameliorated PPI deficits induced by scopolamine and apomorphine, but was not effective in the MK801 model. These results indicate that some AChEIs may have the potential to improve cognition in schizophrenia by improving auditory sensory gating. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Small Anim Behav Core, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Terry, AV (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, CB-3618,1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. 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Using rats exposed prenatally to valproic acid (VPA) as an animal model of autism, we examined locomotor activity and feeding under a reversed 12-h light/dark cycle, and found disturbance of the circadian rhythm characterized by frequent arousal during the light/sleep phase. In addition, measurement of brain serotonin (5-HT) level using in vivo microdialysis showed that the brain 5-HT level in VPA-exposed rats was significantly higher than that in control rats. These results suggest that a higher brain 5-HT level might be responsible for the irregular sleep/awake rhythm in autism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved. C1 Toho Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ota Ku, Tokyo 1438541, Japan. Toho Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Tokyo 1438541, Japan. RP Tsujino, N (reprint author), Toho Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ota Ku, 11-1 Omorinishi 6 Chome, Tokyo 1438541, Japan. 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TI Phenotype in X chromosome rearrangements: pitfalls of X inactivation study SO PATHOLOGIE BIOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE X inactivation; X chromosome structural anomalies; MLS syndrome; XX maleness ID LINEAR SKIN DEFECTS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AUTOSOME TRANSLOCATIONS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; Y-CHROMOSOME; TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CLINICAL-FEATURES; INFANTILE SPASMS; HOMOLOGOUS LOCI AB Objective. - X inactivation pattern in X chromosome rearrangements usually favor the less unbalanced cells. It is correlated to a normal phenotype, small size or infertility. We studied the correlation between phenotype and X inactivation ratio in patients with X structural anomalies. Patients and methods. - During the 1999-2005 period, 12 X chromosome rearrangements, including three prenatal cases, were diagnosed in the Laboratoire de Cytogenetique of Strasbourg. In seven cases, X inactivation ratio could be assessed by late replication or methylation assay. Results. - In three of seven cases (del Xp, dup Xp, t(X;A)), X inactivation ratio and phenotype were consistent. The four other cases showed discrepancies between phenotype and X inactivation pattern: mental retardation and dysmorphism in a case of balanced X-autosome translocation, schizophrenia and autism in two cases of XX maleness and MLS syndrome (microphthalmia with linear skin defects) in a case of Xp(21.3-pter) deletion. Conclusion. - Discrepancies between X inactivation ratio and phenotype are not rare and can be due to gene disruption, position effect, complex microrearrangements, variable pattern of X inactivation in different tissues or fortuitous association. In this context, the prognostic value of X inactivation study in prenatal diagnosis will be discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Hop Hautepierre, Lab Cytogenet, F-67098 Strasbourg, France. Hop Univ Strasbourg, Lab Diagnost Genet, Strasbourg, France. 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TI Thimerosal is unrelated to autoimmune autism SO PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Singh, VK (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM singhvk@cc.usu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0905-6157 J9 PEDIATR ALLERGY IMMU JI Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00480.x PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics SC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics GA 134CO UT WOS:000244060400015 PM 17295806 ER PT J AU Hussain, J Woolf, AD Sandel, M Shannon, MW AF Hussain, Javed Woolf, Alan D. Sandel, Megan Shannon, Michael W. TI Environmental evaluation of a child with developmental disability SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; SPECTRUM; FETAL; NEUROTOXICITY; PREVENTION; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; LESSONS; AUTISM; LEAD AB Children's health can be affected adversely by the environment in which they live. It is well recognized that some environmental chemicals are harmful to the brain, but the role these chemicals play in the development of specific disabilities such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism is not certain. Parents of children who have developmental disabilities often ask the primary care physician whether certain environmental toxicants might be the cause of the illness. A detailed environmental history and physical examination may help clarify whether there is a plausible relationship between an environmental toxicant and a child's disability. C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Pediat Environm Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Pediat Environm Hlth Subspecialty Unit, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Cambridge Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hussain, J (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Pediat Environm Hlth Ctr, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 138 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.11.007 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 137DE UT WOS:000244272300018 PM 17275674 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, AW Matteson, KJ Sega, GA AF Zimmerman, Andrew W. Matteson, Karla J. Sega, Gary A. TI Measurement of plasma serotonin in autism - Response SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. RP Zimmerman, AW (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. CR Carroll RC, 2006, J LAB CLIN MED, V147, P197, DOI 10.1016/j.lab.2005.12.007 Connors SL, 2006, PEDIATR NEUROL, V35, P182, DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.02.010 COOK EH, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P488, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90192-8 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 138 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.11.008 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 137DE UT WOS:000244272300019 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Liu, CY Su, WC Huang, SL Lin, KM AF Chen, Chuan-Yu Liu, Chieh-Yu Su, Wen-Chuan Huang, Su-Ling Lin, Keh-Ming TI Factors associated with the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders: A population-based longitudinal study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE mental retardation; autism; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; epidemiology; and incidence ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; TRENDS; TIME; AGE AB OBJECTIVES. We investigated the occurrence of newly diagnosed mental retardation, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism and sociodemographic factors associated with their distribution in Taiwan, and we examined urbanicity- and socioeconomic status-associated differences in the age at first diagnosis. METHODS. The data for this study were derived from the 1996-2004 National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Approximately 1.8 million beneficiaries born between 1996 and 2001 were identified, with follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 8 years. RESULTS. Each of the 3 neurodevelopmental disorders had distinct incidence rates and associated factors. For example, as compared with the birth years of 1996 1999, the rate of autism increased 14% during the period 2000-2004, whereas the rate of newly diagnosed mental retardation decreased 42% to 50% over the same period. An elevated incidence rate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism was observed in later birth cohorts. The risk of receiving a diagnosis of mental retardation for children in rural areas and of lower socioeconomic status was reduced in early childhood and increased in school ages as compared with their urban and higher socioeconomic status counterparts. CONCLUSIONS. Variation in the rate of newly diagnosed mental retardation, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism among children in Taiwan depended on age, birth year, period, and socioeconomic status. The extent of the association linking age with the first diagnosis of mental retardation varies across different urbanicity level and socioeconomic status. C1 Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Mental & Hlth & Subst Abuse Res, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Biostat & Bioinformat, Taipei 110, Taiwan. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Mental & Hlth & Subst Abuse Res, Floor 5,Campus 2,309 Sung Te Rd, Taipei 110, Taiwan. EM cychen@nhri.org.tw RI Chen, Chuan-Yu/E-4821-2010; Chen, Chuan-Yu/C-7697-2011 CR Bhasin Tanya Karapurkar, 2006, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V55, P1 Bhasin TK, 2006, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V55, P105 Brosco JP, 2006, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V160, P302, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.160.3.302 Costello EJ, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P8, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000184929.41423.cO Croen LA, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P217, DOI 10.1023/A:1015405914950 Croen LA, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P207, DOI 10.1023/A:1015453830880 Damico Jack S., 2004, Seminars in Speech and Language, V25, P207, DOI 10.1055/s-2004-833668 Driessen G, 1997, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V41, P512, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00744.x Dykens EM, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P49, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006540 Fombonne E., 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V66, pS3 Fombonne E, 2002, MOL PSYCHIATR, V7, pS4, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001162 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 HOLFORD TR, 1991, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V12, P425, DOI 10.1146/annurev.pu.12.050191.002233 Holford T R, 1992, Stat Methods Med Res, V1, P317, DOI 10.1177/096228029200100306 Huang N, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V116, P826, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-2800 HUANG N, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, P132 Jick H, 2006, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V17, P120, DOI 10.1097/01.ede.0000190553.72757.15 LAIDLER JR, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V116 Lauritsen MB, 2004, PSYCHOL MED, V34, P1339, DOI 10.1017/S0033291704002387 Lin JD, 2004, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V48, P252, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00557.x Liu CY, 2006, J HLTH MANAG, V14, P1 Mandell DS, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V116, P1480, DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-0185 Mandell DS, 2005, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V159, P266, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.159.3.266 MCLAREN J, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P243 Newschaffer C., 2005, PEDIATRICS, V115, P277 RICHARDSON SA, 1989, RES DEV DISABIL, V10, P285, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90017-6 Robison LM, 2002, CNS DRUGS, V16, P129, DOI 10.2165/00023210-200216020-00005 Rowland AS, 2002, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V8, P162, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.10036 RumeauRouquette C, 1997, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V26, P137, DOI 10.1093/ije/26.1.137 Rutter M, 2005, ACTA PAEDIATR, V94, P2, DOI 10.1080/08035250410023124 *SAS I INC, 2000, SAS STAT COMP PROGR SCHNEIDER H, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V117 Sturm R, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112 Wing L, 2002, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V8, P151, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.10029 World Health Organization, 1978, INT CLASS DIS 9 REV Yang PC, 2004, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V58, P619, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01312.x Yazbak FE, 2004, BRIT MED J, V328, P226, DOI 10.1136/bmj.328.7433.226-c YEARGINALLSOPP M, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V89, P624 Yeargin-Allsopp M, 2002, MOL PSYCHIATR, V7, pS9, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001164 YEARGINALLSOPP M, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V90, P1001 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP E435 EP E443 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1477 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 132KP UT WOS:000243942000064 PM 17272605 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Blumberg, SJ Rice, C Visser, SN Boyle, C AF Schieve, Laura A. Blumberg, Stephen J. Rice, Catherine Visser, Susanna N. Boyle, Coleen TI The relationship between autism and parenting stress SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic disorder; parenting; parent-child relations; psychological stress ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CHILDREN; MOTHERS AB Objective. We assessed associations between parenting a child with autism and stress indicators. Methods. In the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, parents or other knowledgeable adult respondents for children aged 4 to 17 years reported their recent feelings about their life sacrifices to care for their child, difficulty caring for their child, frustration with their child's actions, and anger toward their child. Responses were compiled in the Aggravation in Parenting Scale. Parents of children reported to have autism (N = 459) were compared with parents of: (1) children with special health care needs including emotional, developmental, or behavioral problems other than autism that necessitated treatment (children with other developmental problems [N = 4545]); (2) children with special health care needs without developmental problems (N = 11 475); and ( 3) children without special health care needs (N = 61 826). Weighted estimates are presented. Results. Parents of children with autism were more likely to score in the high aggravation range (55%) than parents of children with developmental problems other than autism (44%), parents of children with special health care needs without developmental problems (12%), and parents of children without special health care needs (11%). However, within the autism group, the proportion of parents with high aggravation was 66% for those whose child recently needed special services and 28% for those whose child did not. The parents of children with autism and recent special service needs were substantially more likely to have high aggravation than parents of children with recent special service needs in each of the 3 comparison groups. Conversely, parents of children with autism but without recent special service needs were not more likely to have high aggravation than parents of children with other developmental problems. Conclusions. Parenting a child with autism with recent special service needs seems to be associated with unique stresses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lschieve@cdc.gov CR Becker-Cotrill B., 2003, FOCUS AUTISM, V18, P113, DOI 10.1177/108835760301800205 Bethell CD, 2002, AMBUL PEDIATR, V2, P38, DOI 10.1367/1539-4409(2002)002<0038:ICWSHC>2.0.CO;2 Blumberg Stephen J, 2005, Vital Health Stat 1, P1 Bromley J, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P409, DOI 10.1177/1362361304047224 Hastings RP, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P635, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0007-8 Higgins DJ, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P125, DOI 10.1177/1362361305051403 Kogan MD, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V119, pS1, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089B Lecavalier L, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P172, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x MACOMBER JE, 1997, NSAF BENCHMARKING ME Research Triangle Institute, 2004, SUDAAN LANG MAN REL Schieve L. A., 2006, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V55, P481 SIVBERG B, 2006, INT J CIRCUMPOL HEAL, V61, P36 Weiss MJ, 2002, AUTISM, V6, P115, DOI 10.1177/1362361302006001009 Yeargin-Allsopp M, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P49, DOI 10.1001/jama.289.1.49 Yirmiya N, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P69, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00334.x NR 15 TC 65 Z9 66 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 SU S BP S114 EP S121 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2089Q PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 186DQ UT WOS:000247759700016 PM 17272578 ER PT J AU Ng, DKK Chan, CH Soo, MT Lee, RSY AF Ng, Daniel Kwok-Keung Chan, Chung-Hong Soo, Man-Ting Lee, Robert Shing-Yan TI Low-level chronic mercury exposure in children and adolescents: Meta-analysis SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE autism; child; hair; mercury; poisoning; thimerosal ID HAIR MINERAL ANALYSIS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; CORD BLOOD; THIMEROSAL; AMALGAM; ACID; FISH; LEAD AB Background: Mercury is a well-known neurotoxin. There are three kinds of mercury exposure: elemental mercury poisoning, inorganic mercury poisoning and organomercury poisoning. Organomercury is the most toxic. Twenty-four hour urine for mercury and blood mercury are the gold standards for diagnosis of mercury poisoning, including low-level chronic mercury exposure. Other tests for mercury level are discussed. The purpose of the present paper was to review recent data on the nature, pathophysiology, pharmacokinetics, diagnostic methods, treatment and the linkage to neurodevelopmental disabilities of mercury exposure in children. Methods:A literature search was undertaken of MEDLINE (1980-2003), and American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, American Dental Association, World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control websites. The search string 'mercury' was used in MEDLINE and articles were selected as appropriate by two independent reviewers. All relevant information was reviewed and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results:Based on the meta-analysis of the accuracy of hair mercury, hair mercury levels correlated with mercury level in blood (sample size weighted correlation coefficient, (r) over bar (w) = 0.61), with 24 h urine ((r) over bar (w) = 0.46) and with cord blood ((r) over bar (w) = 0.64).= 0.64). However, the correlation for hair mercury level with 24 h urine level and blood level was not high enough to replace them in clinical decision-making of individual patient. Epidemiological evidence has shown that low-level mercury poisoning is not a cause of autism (relative risk = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.36-0.66). The risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities from low-level exposure to methylmercury from the regular consumption of fish is still controversial even after combining results from different epidemiological studies worldwide. There is a lack of data in the literature about the effect of chelation therapy in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Conclusions: Mercury poisoning should be diagnosed only with validated methods. There is no evidence to support the association between mercury poisoning and autism. C1 Kwong Wah Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kowloon 852, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Ng, DKK (reprint author), Kwong Wah Hosp, Dept Pediat, Waterloo Rd, Kowloon 852, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2007.02303.x PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 128DG UT WOS:000243637000016 PM 17250511 ER PT J AU Sen, B Sinha, S Ahmed, S Ghosh, S Gangopadhyay, PK Usha, R AF Sen, Barsha Sinha, Swagata Ahmed, Shabina Ghosh, Saurabh Kumar Gangopadhyay, Prasanta Usha, Rajamma TI Lack of association of HOXA1 and HOXB1 variants with autism in the Indian population SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article C1 Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Kolkata 700107, India. Assam Autism Fdn, Gauhati, India. RP Usha, R (reprint author), Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Kolkata 700107, India. EM ushamvk@yahoo.co.in CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th CHISAKA O, 1992, NATURE, V355, P516, DOI 10.1038/355516a0 Dudbridge F, 2003, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V25, P115, DOI 10.1002/gepi.10252 Gavalas A, 2001, DEVELOPMENT, V128, P3017 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8829 EI 1473-5873 J9 PSYCHIAT GENET JI Psychiatr. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1097/YPG.0b013e328010de0d PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 126VM UT WOS:000243543600001 PM 17167333 ER PT J AU Yang, MS Cochrane, L Conroy, J Hawi, Z Fitzgerald, M Gallagher, L Gill, M AF Yang, Mao S. Cochrane, Lynne Conroy, Judith Hawi, Ziarah Fitzgerald, Michael Gallagher, Louise Gill, Michael TI Protein kinase C-beta 1 gene variants are not associated with autism in the Irish population SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; genetic association; protein kinase C-beta 1; single nucleotide polymorphism; transmission disequilibrium test ID KINASE-C-BETA; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; GENOMIC SCREEN; CHROMOSOME 16P; HAPLOTYPES; LINKAGE; 7Q AB Some evidences indicate that protein kinase C-beta 1 (PRKCB1) gene may be a predisposition locus of autism. A recent study reported evidence of association between autism and two haplotypes made up of six noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PRKCB1. To attempt replication of their findings, we examined the same six single nucleotide polymorphisms of PRKCB1 in 171 Irish autism trios. The haploview program was used to calculate D ' as a measure of linkage disequilibrium. The transmission disequilibrium test for single nucleotide polymorphism markers and haplotypes was carried out using the TDTPHASE and PDTPHASE from the UNPHASED version 2.404 programs. Transmission disequilibrium test analysis showed no evidence of association for any of the six single nucleotide polymorphisms at the PRKCB1 that we studied, or any of their haplotypes. Our data do not support the finding that the PRKCB1 gene variants contribute risk for the development of autism. C1 St James Hosp, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 8, Ireland. Chongqing Univ Med Sci, Lab Disorder Genes, Chongqing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, MS (reprint author), St James Hosp, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 8, Ireland. EM yangm@tcd.ie RI Yang, Mao Sheng/J-9581-2012 CR Auranen M, 2002, AM J HUM GENET, V71, P777, DOI 10.1086/342720 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Barnby G, 2005, AM J HUM GENET, V76, P950, DOI 10.1086/430454 Barrett JC, 2005, BIOINFORMATICS, V21, P263, DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457 Barrett S, 1999, AM J MED GENET, V88, P609 Conroy J, 2004, MOL PSYCHIATR, V9, P587, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001459 Dudbridge F, 2003, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V25, P115, DOI 10.1002/gepi.10252 Fatemi SH, 2002, CELL MOL NEUROBIOL, V22, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1019861721160 Gundlfinger A, 2003, J NEUROBIOL, V57, P95, DOI 10.1002/neu.10259 Bailey A, 1998, HUM MOL GENET, V7, P571 Palferman S, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V69, P570 Liu JJ, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V69, P327, DOI 10.1086/321980 Lucarelli P, 2003, AM J MED GENET A, V119A, P242, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.10187 Norton N, 2002, HUM GENET, V110, P471, DOI 10.1007/s00439-002-0706-6 Palmen SJMC, 2004, BRAIN, V127, P2572, DOI 10.1093/brain/awh287 Palmen SJMC, 2004, J NEURAL TRANSM, V111, P903, DOI 10.1007/s00702-003-0068-9 Philippe A, 1999, HUM MOL GENET, V8, P805, DOI 10.1093/hmg/8.5.805 Philippi A, 2005, MOL PSYCHIATR, V10, P950, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001704 Risch N, 1999, AM J HUM GENET, V65, P493, DOI 10.1086/302497 Yonan AL, 2003, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V2, P303, DOI 10.1046/j.1601-183X.2003.00041.x NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8829 J9 PSYCHIAT GENET JI Psychiatr. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1097/YPG.0b013e3280115428 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 126VM UT WOS:000243543600012 PM 17167344 ER PT J AU Mukaddes, NM Kilincaslan, A Kucukyazici, G Sevketoglu, T Tuncer, S AF Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli Kilincaslan, Ayse Kucukyazici, Gokce Sevketoglu, Timur Tuncer, Samuray TI Autism in visually impaired individuals SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE autism; visual impairment ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; BLINDNESS AB The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of autism in a sample of visually impaired children and adolescents. A total of 257 blind children and adolescents (age range: 7-18 years) were examined for autism using a three-stage process. The first stage estimated probable cases of autistic disorder based on the Autism Behavior Checklist and the second stage by direct observation of the subjects in different settings. In the third stage, subjects with the probable diagnosis of autistic disorder were asked to undergo psychiatric examination. A final diagnosis of autistic disorder (based on the criteria in DSM-IV) was given after interviewing the caregivers and clinical observation. Thirty of 257 subjects met the criteria for autistic disorder. Comparison of the characteristics of the two groups (autistic and non-autistic) with chi(2)-squared and independent sample t-tests revealed a statistically significant difference in terms of severity of blindness (P = 0.015), cerebral palsy (P = 0.02) and intellectual level (P = 0.001). The results of the present study suggest that subjects with blindness plus autism have greater neurological impairment (as suggested by the presence of lower intellectual level and cerebral palsy), and more severe visual impairment than the subjects with blindness only. C1 Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Child Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Mukaddes, NM (reprint author), Sezai Selek Sokak,Sevim Ap 7 D4, TR-80200 Istanbul, Turkey. EM nmotavalli@yahoo.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, AM PSYCH ASS DIAGN S CASS HD, 1994, ARCH DIS CHILD, V70, P192 Chase JB, 1972, RETROLENTAL FIBROPLA CHESS S, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01537741 Ek U, 1998, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V40, P297 FREIBERG S, 1977, ANNU PSYCHOANAL, V5, P169 GILLMAN AE, 1974, NEW OUTLOOK BLIND, V68, P1 GOODMAN R, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF02178504 GURKAN A, P 2 IST AUT S 2004 I, P38 Hobson RP, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P45 Jan J. E., 1977, VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CH Keeler WR, 1958, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY COMM KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x Minter M, 1998, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V16, P183 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P314 ROGERS SJ, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P598 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SUCUOGLU B, 1996, J PSYCHIAT PSYCHOPHA, V4, P116 WARREN DH, 1984, BLINDNESS EARLY CHIL, P120 *WHO, 1993, WHO INT CLASS IMP DI NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1323-1316 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 61 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01608.x PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 124XN UT WOS:000243405800006 PM 17239037 ER PT J AU Koyama, T Tachimori, H Osada, H Takeda, T Kurita, H AF Koyama, Tomonori Tachimori, Hisateru Osada, Hirokazu Takeda, Toshinobu Kurita, Hiroshi TI Cognitive and symptom profiles in Asperger's syndrome and high-functioning autism SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome (AS); Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS); high-functioning; pervasive developmental disorders (PDD); Wechsler Intelligence Scale ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; TOKYO VERSION; CHILDREN; VALIDITY; CARS AB Asperger syndrome (AS) and autistic disorder are two subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), but there has been considerable debate over whether AS and autistic disorder without mental retardation (IQ >= 70), called high-functioning autism (HFA), are distinct conditions or not. The aim of the present paper was to clarify this issue through a comparison of cognitive function and autistic symptom profiles. Based on the DSM-IV and ICD-10 definitions of language acquisition, 36 age- and IQ-balanced subjects with AS (mean age, 12.8 years; mean full-scale IQ, 98.3) were compared with 37 subjects with HFA (mean age, 12.6 years; mean full-scale IQ, 94.6) on the Japanese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo Version (CARS-TV). Compared with the HFA subjects, the AS subjects scored significantly higher on Verbal IQ, Vocabulary, and Comprehension, but scored significantly lower on Coding. Although the total CARS-TV score did not differ significantly between the two groups, AS subjects scored significantly lower (i.e. less abnormal) on Verbal communication and Non-verbal communication than did the HFA subjects. A history of normal language acquisition in early childhood could predict his/her better verbal ability in mid-childhood or later. Autistic cognitive characteristics shared by both AS and HFA subjects appear to support the validity of the current diagnostic classification of PDD. C1 Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Mental Hlth Adm, NIMH, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Mental Hlth, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Psychiat, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. Senshu Univ, Fac Law, Tokyo, Japan. RP Koyama, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Mental Hlth Adm, NIMH, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. 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Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 61 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01617.x PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 124XN UT WOS:000243405800015 PM 17239046 ER PT J AU Voracek, M Dressler, SG AF Voracek, Martin Dressler, Stefan G. TI Digit ratio (2D : 4D) in twins: Heritability estimates and evidence for a masculinized trait expression in women from opposite-sex pairs SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FINGER-LENGTH RATIOS; HORMONE-TRANSFER; 2ND; 2D/4D; MEN; AUTISM AB The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic in humans such that men on average have a lower 2D:4D than women. This somatic trait has been proposed as a biomarker for the organizational (permanent) effects of prenatal testosterone on the brain and behavior. Over the past few years, an accumulating research program has shown 2D:4D to be related to a multitude of sex-dependent, hormonally influenced psychological and behavioral traits. The present study investigated the 2D:4D ratio of 44 men and 70 women from 36 identical and 21 fraternal twin pairs. Both basic and advanced approaches for estimating heritability concordantly suggested that the trait is substantially heritable. The best-fitting structural equation model indicated that the contributions to individual differences in 2D:4D are 81% additively genetic, 19% nonshared environmental, and 0% shared environmental. Supplemental analyses showed that, consistent with a prediction from sex-hormone transfer theory, women from opposite-sex fraternal twin pairs had significantly lower (more male-typical) 2D:4D than women from same-sex fraternal twin pairs. Directions for research are discussed, such as investigating possible influences of the sex chromosomes on the expression of 2D:4D. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.2466/PR0.100.1.115-126 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 153EG UT WOS:000245414000021 PM 17451014 ER PT J AU Baron-Cohen, S Golan, O Chapman, E Granader, A AF Baron-Cohen, Simon Golan, Ofer Chapman, Emma Granader, Andyael TI Transported to a world of emotion SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AUTISM C1 Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. EM sb205@cam.ac.uk CR Baron-Cohen S., 2004, MIND READING INTERAC Baron-Cohen S, 2006, ARCH DIS CHILD, V91, P2 Baron-Cohen S, 2002, TRENDS COGN SCI, V6, P248, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY FRITH U, 1989, AUSTISM EXPLAINING E Golan O., 2006, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V18, P589 LeGoff DB, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P557, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2550-0 OWENS G, 2006, INT M AUT RES C RUSSELL J, 1994, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD FEB PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 138EF UT WOS:000244345200013 ER PT J AU Pan, CY AF Pan, Chien-Yu TI Comparison of normal school day physical activity patterns between children with and without autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. EM chpan@nknucc.nknu.edu.tw NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP A101 EP A102 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 137YH UT WOS:000244328700256 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, HH Lemery-Chalfant, K Schmidt, NL Arneson, CL Schmidt, CK AF Goldsmith, H. Hill Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn Schmidt, Nicole L. Arneson, Carrie L. Schmidt, Cory K. TI Longitudinal analyses of affect, temperament, and childhood psychopathology SO TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; QUESTIONNAIRE AB The Wisconsin Twin Panel utilizes the resources of state birth records to study the etiology and developmental course of early emotions, temperament, childhood anxiety and impulsivity, the autism spectrum, and related psychobiological and behavioral phenotypes. The panel currently supports 5 active research studies which involve twins from birth to early adolescence. A range of research methods are employed, including questionnaires and structured interviews with caregivers, home and laboratory-based behavioral batteries, observer ratings, child self-report, psychophysiology, neuroendocrine measures, birth records, genotyping, and cognitive testing. The panel is in the early stages of generating longitudinal findings. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Goldsmith, HH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hhgoldsm@wisc.edu CR Ablow J. C., 1993, BERKELEY PUPPET INTE Armstrong J. M., 2003, MANUAL MACARTHUR HLT BECK AT, 1988, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V8, P77, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 Burke JD, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P1200, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00422.x Carter A. S., 2000, INFANT TODDLER SOCIA COAN JA, 2005, LAB TEMPERAMENT ASSE COAN JA, 2005, HERITABILITY RESTING Davidson RJ, 2004, BIOL PSYCHOL, V67, P219, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.008 Dunn L. 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Census Bureau, 1999, STAT ABSTR US, P417 *US LAB BUR, 2004, EMPL STAT CIV NON PO VANHULLE CA, 2006, UNPUB GENETIC ENV IN WATSON D, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P1063, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 WECHSLER D, 1991, WISC III WECHSLER IN NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 PU AUSTRALIAN ACAD PRESS PI BOWEN HILLS PA 32 JEAYS ST, BOWEN HILLS, QLD 4006, AUSTRALIA SN 1832-4274 J9 TWIN RES HUM GENET JI Twin Res. Hum. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1375/twin.10.1.118 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 144VG UT WOS:000244823800013 PM 17539371 ER PT J AU Hirtz, D Thurman, DJ Gwinn-Hardy, K Mohamed, M Chaudhuri, AR Zalutsky, R AF Hirtz, D. Thurman, D. J. Gwinn-Hardy, K. Mohamed, M. Chaudhuri, A. R. Zalutsky, R. TI How common are the "common" neurologic disorders? SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; TO-DOOR SURVEY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NORTHERN MANHATTAN STROKE; 3 SICILIAN MUNICIPALITIES; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE AB Objective: To estimate the current incidence and prevalence in the United States of 12 neurologic disorders. Methods: We summarize the strongest evidence available, using data from the United States or from other developed countries when US data were insufficient. Results: For some disorders, prevalence is a better descriptor of impact; for others, incidence is preferable. Per 1,000 children, estimated prevalence was 5.8 for autism spectrum disorder and 2.4 for cerebral palsy; for Tourette syndrome, the data were insufficient. In the general population, per 1,000, the 1-year prevalence for migraine was 121, 7.1 for epilepsy, and 0.9 for multiple sclerosis. Among the elderly, the prevalence of Alzheimer disease was 67 and that of Parkinson disease was 9.5. For diseases best described by annual incidence per 100,000, the rate for stroke was 183, 101 for major traumatic brain injury, 4.5 for spinal cord injury, and 1.6 for ALS. Conclusions: Using the best available data, our survey of a limited number of disorders shows that the burden of neurologic illness affects many millions of people in the United States. C1 NINDS, NIH, NSC, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hirtz, D (reprint author), NINDS, NIH, NSC, Room 2212,6001 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Minshew, Nancy J. Melhern, Nadine M. Nutche, Jeffrey J. Keshavan, Matcheri S. Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Volumetric alterations of the orbitofrontal cortex in autism SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; grey matter; MRI; orbitofrontal cortex; social deficits; white matter ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BRAIN VOLUME; MRI; ABNORMALITIES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; NEUROANATOMY; BEHAVIOR; AGE AB Recent evidence has implicated the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the pathophysiology of social deficits in autism. An MRI-based morphometric study of the OFC was conducted involving 11 children with autism (age range 8.1-12.7 years) and 18 healthy, age-matched controls (age range 8.9-12.8 years). Decreased grey matter volume in the right lateral OFC in the patient group was found, and correlations were observed between social deficits and white, but not grey, matter structures of the OFC. These findings support the role of OFC in autism and warrant further investigations of this structure using structural and functional methodologies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Detroit, MI USA. RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 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Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.007 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 129OE UT WOS:000243738000005 PM 16863674 ER PT J AU Okada, K Hashimoto, K Iwata, Y Nakamura, K Tsujii, M Tsuchiya, KJ Sekine, Y Suda, S Suzuki, K Sughara, G Matsuzaki, H Sugiyama, T Kawai, M Minabe, Y Takei, N Mori, N AF Okada, Kyoko Hashimoto, Kenji Iwata, Yasuhide Nakamura, Kazuhiko Tsujii, Masatsugu Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Sekine, Yoshimoto Suda, Shiro Suzuki, Katsuaki Sughara, Gen-ichi Matsuzaki, Hideo Sugiyama, Toshiro Kawai, Masayoshi Minabe, Yoshio Takei, Norl Mori, Norio TI Decreased serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in patients with autism SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; growth factor; human serum; neurodevelopmental disorder ID OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; BRAIN; DISORDERS; INDIVIDUALS; TGF-BETA-1; ROLES AB Background: The neurobiological basis for autism remains poorly understood. Given the key role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in brain development, we hypothesized that TGF-beta 1 plays a role in the pathophysiology of autism. In this study, we studied whether serum levels of TGF-beta 1 are altered in patients with autism. Methods: We measured serum levels of TGF-beta 1 in 19 male adult patients with autism and 21 age-matched male healthy subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The serum levels (7.34 +/- 5.21 ng/mL(mean +/- S.D.))of TGF-beta 1 in the patients with autism were significantly (z = -5.106, p < 0.001) lower than those (14.48 +/- 1.64 ng/mL (mean +/- S.D.)) of normal controls. However, there were no marked or significant correlations between serum TGF beta 1 levels and other clinical variables, including Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) scores, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), aggression, Theory of Mind, and Intellectual Quotient (IQ) in patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that decreased levels of TGF+beta 1 may be implicated in the pathophysiology of autism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Toyota, Aichi 4700393, Japan. Aichi Childrens Hlth & Med Ctr, Obu, Aichi 4748710, Japan. RP Hashimoto, K (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 2608670, Japan. 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Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.08.020 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 129OE UT WOS:000243738000025 PM 17030376 ER PT J AU Schmitz, N Daly, E Murphy, D AF Schmitz, Nicole Daly, Eileen Murphy, Declan TI Frontal anatomy and reaction time in Autism SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE autistic spectrum disorder; frontal lobe volume; reaction time; whole brain parenchymal volume; white matter integrity ID VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WHITE-MATTER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; BRAIN; NEUROANATOMY AB Widespread frontal lobe abnormalities, encompassing anatomy and function, are known to be implicated in Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The correlation between neurobiology and behaviour, however, is poorly understood in ASD. The aim of this study was to investigate frontal lobe anatomy and cognitive function in individuals with ASD, compared to control subjects. Thus, we assessed whole brain and frontal lobe parenchymal volume, and grey and white matter density differences in ASD, compared to control subjects, using high resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, all subjects underwent a computerized reaction time task (RTT) for cognitive assessment. No differences in total parenchymal brain volume were observed, however, autistic individuals showed significantly smaller frontal lobe parenchymal volume (FLPV) and decreased white matter density, compared to control subjects. Error rates did not differ significantly between groups during the RTT, but ASD individuals responded significantly slower to target stimuli. Furthermore, reduced FLPV correlated positively with increased reaction time in individual with ASD. Decreased FLPV could be an indicator for abnormal brain development resulting in reduced processing speed in ASD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Leiden, Netherlands. Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol Med, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Schmitz, N (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Leiden, Netherlands. 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Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 412 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.07.077 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 135FV UT WOS:000244140400003 PM 17196745 ER PT J AU Dziobek, I Gold, SM Wolf, OT Convit, A AF Dziobek, Isabel Gold, Stefan M. Wolf, Oliver T. Convit, Antonio TI Hypercholesterolemia in Asperger lifestyle, obsessive-compulsive syndrome: Independence from behavior, and social anxiety SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; lipid profile; etiology ID MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; AUTISM; SEROTONIN; METABOLISM; VERSION; SCALE AB We report on elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in 22 individuals with Asperger syndrome compared with well-matched controls, after accounting for lifestyle variables and clinical symptomatology that could affect them. A potential role for dyslipidemia in the pathogenesis of some forms of autism is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Brain Hlth, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Dept Psychol, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany. Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. RP Convit, A (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Brain Hlth, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. 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PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.10.010 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800001 ER PT J AU Moy, SS Nadler, JJ Young, NB Perez, A Holloway, LP Barbaro, RP Barbaro, JR Wilson, LM Threadgill, DW Lauder, JM Magnuson, TR Crawley, JN AF Moy, Sheryl S. Nadler, Jessica J. Young, Nancy B. Perez, Antonio Holloway, L. Paige Barbaro, Ryan P. Barbaro, Justin R. Wilson, Lindsay M. Threadgill, David W. Lauder, Jean M. Magnuson, Terry R. Crawley, Jacqueline N. TI Mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autism: Phenotypes of 10 inbred strains SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism; locomotion; sociability; social preference; social approach; T-maze; Morris water mazes; reversal tasks ID ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR MEDIATION; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; RETT-SYNDROME; MICE LACKING; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; KNOCKOUT MICE; EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AB Three defining clinical symptoms of autism are aberrant reciprocal social interactions, deficits in social communication, and repetitive behaviors, including motor stereotypies and insistence on sameness. We developed a set of behavioral tasks designed to model components of these core symptoms in mice. Male mice from 10 inbred strains were characterized in assays for sociability, preference for social novelty, and reversal of the spatial location of the reinforcer in T-maze and Morris water maze tasks. Six strains, C57BL/6J, C57L/J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, C3H/HeJ, and AKR/J, showed significant levels of sociability, while A/J, BALB/cByJ, BTBR T(+)tflJ, and 129S1/SvImJ mice did not. C57BL/6J, C57L/J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, BALB/cByJ, and BTBR T(+)tflJ showed significant preference for social novelty, while C3H/HeJ, AKR/J, A/J, and 129S1/SvImJ did not. Normal scores on relevant control measures confirmed general health and physical abilities in all strains, ruling out artifactual explanations for social deficits. Elevated plus maze scores confirmed high anxiety-like behaviors in A/J, BALB/cByJ, and 129S1/SvImJ, which could underlie components of their low social approach. Strains that showed high levels of performance on acquisition of a T-maze task were also able to reach criterion for reversal learning. On the Morris water maze task, DBA/2J, AKR/J, BTBR T(+)tflJ, and 129S1/SvImJ failed to show significant quadrant preference during the reversal probe trial. These results highlight a dissociation between social task performance and reversal learning. BTBR T(+)tflJ is a particularly interesting strain, displaying both low social approach and resistance to change in routine on the water maze, consistent with an autism-like phenotype. Our multitask strategy for modeling symptoms of autism will be useful for investigating targeted and random gene mutations, QTLs, and microarray analyses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 4 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.030 PG 17 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800002 PM 16971002 ER PT J AU Bolivar, VJ Walters, SR Phoenix, JL AF Bolivar, Valerie J. Walters, Samantha R. Phoenix, Jennifer L. TI Assessing autism-like behavior in mice: Variations in social interactions among inbred strains SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY JUN, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism; mouse; inbred strain; social behavior; sniffing; huddling; wrestling; mouse model ID MOUSE MODELS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MUTANT MOUSE; GENETICS; ABNORMALITIES; LACKING; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SOCIABILITY AB Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder, with characteristics including impairments in reciprocal social interaction, impaired communication. and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. Despite decades of research, the etiology of autism remains elusive. Thus, it is important that we pursue all avenues, in attempting to understand this complicated disorder. One such avenue is the development of animal models. While autism may be uniquely human. there are behavioral characteristics of the disorder that can be established in animal models. Evidence supports a genetic component for this disorder, and over the past few decades the mouse has been a highly valuable tool for the elucidation of pathways involved in many human disorders (e.g., Huntington's disease). As a first step toward establishing a mouse model of autism, we studied same-sex social behavior in a number of inbred mouse strains. In Study 1, we examined intra-strain social behavior of male pairs after one mouse had 15 min prior exposure to the testing chamber. In Study 2, we evaluated intra-strain and inter-strain social behavior when both mice were naive to the testing chamber. The amount and type of social behavior seen differed between these studies, but overall there were general inbred strain differences in social behavior. Some strains were highly social, e.g., FVB/NJ, while others displayed low levels of social behavior (e.g., A/J, BTBR T(+)tflJ). These strains may be useful in future genetic studies to determine specific genes involved in mouse social behavior, the findings of which should in turn help us to determine some of the genes involved in human social behavior and its disorders (e.g., autism). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wadsworth Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Bolivar, VJ (reprint author), Wadsworth Ctr, 465 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.007 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800003 PM 17097158 ER PT J AU Arakawa, H Blanchard, DC Blanchard, RJ AF Arakawa, Hiroyuki Blanchard, D. Caroline Blanchard, Robert J. TI Colony formation of C57BL/6J mice in visible burrow system: Identification of eusocial behaviors in a background strain for genetic animal models of autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY JUN, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism model; social behavior; huddling; colony formation; VBS; C57BL/6J mice ID INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; MUS-MUSCULUS; HOUSE MICE; SOCIAL INTERACTIONS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; LABORATORY MOUSE; KNOCKOUT MICE; PHENOTYPES; RECOGNITION; BRAIN AB Deficits in social interaction are primary characteristics of autism, which has strong genetic components. Genetically manipulated mouse models may provide a useful research tool to advance the investigation of genes associated with autism. To identify these genes using mouse models, behavioral assays for social relationships in the background strains must be developed. The present study examined colony formation in groups of one male and three female mice (Experiment 1) and, groups of three male mice (Experiment 2) of the C57BL/6J strain in a semi-natural visible burrow system. For adult mixed-sex colonies, 4-h observations during both the dark and light cycles for 15 days demonstrated day-dependent increases in huddling together in the chamber accompanied by decreased frequencies of active social behaviors. Sequential analyses of social interactions indicated that approaches to the back of the approached animal typically elicited flight, while approaches to the front of the approached animal failed to do so. This was seen for female to female, and for female to male approaches, as well as male to female approaches, strongly counterindicating a view that rear approach/flight specifically reflects female responsivirity to unwanted male sexual approach. For adult male colonies, similar protocols found that these social behaviors were similar to those of adult mixed-sex colonies. These findings suggest two potentially useful measures of eusocial behavior in mice, of possible value for genetic mouse models of autism; that is, huddling together and approaches to the front but not the back. of conspecifics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Div Neurosci, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Arakawa, H (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, 1993 EW Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 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PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.027 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800004 PM 16971001 ER PT J AU Ricceri, L Moles, A Crawley, J AF Ricceri, Laura Moles, Anna Crawley, Jacqueline TI Behavioral phenotyping of mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders: Relevant social behavior patterns across the life span SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY JUN, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE ultrasonic vocalizations; maternal potentiation; homing; ontogeny of agonistic behavior; social interactions ID MICE MUS-MUSCULUS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; RAT RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE HOUSE MICE; BETA-ERKO MALE; ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS; DOWN-SYNDROME; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR AB Social responses are a key element for behavioral phenotyping of mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with social deficits. Here we describe selected behavioral responses that can be measured in developing and adult mice, with special emphasis on ultrasonic vocalizations, a behavioral response not yet systematically characterized in most of the genetic mouse models of social abnormalities. A recently developed task to measure social approach relevant to the first core symptom of autism is highlighted. We also focus on those developmental factors, including litter size, litter composition, and early social milieu, that are often underestimated when measuring adult social behavior in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders. We present a summary of available data concerning social behavioral responses in mice with targeted gene mutations. We conclude by suggesting that assessment of early behavioral traits, and corresponding relationships with adult behavioral profiles, could be a useful strategy to investigate mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with social deficits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Sect Behav Neurosci, I-00161 Rome, Italy. CNR, CERC, Inst Neurosci, I-00143 Rome, Italy. NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ricceri, L (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Sect Behav Neurosci, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. 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TI BALB/c mice: Low sociability and other phenotypes that may be relevant to autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE mouse; model; autism; social; behavior; genetic; brain; serotonin ID INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BRAIN-SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS; ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIOR; MUS-MUSCULUS-DOMESTICUS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER AB Low sociability is one of the most prominent and disabling symptoms of autism. The biology of sociability is not well understood, and there is no available treatment that adequately improves social functioning in most autistic patients. The development of animal models of reduced sociability can aid in the elucidation of the biology of social behaviors, and may ultimately shed light on the biology of autism. This paper will review evidence that mice of the BALB/c inbred strain show relatively low levels of social interaction in various settings and across various stages of development, including male-male interactions, female-female interactions, male-female sexual interactions, and parenting behaviors. Taken together, this evidence suggests a generally low level of sociability in BALB/c mice that may be relevant to autism. BALB/c mice also show other phenotypes with possible relevance to autism, including relatively high levels of anxiety and aggressive behaviors, large brain size, underdevelopment of the corpus callosum, and low levels of brain serotonin. Further research is needed to determine the relationship among these BALB/c phenotypes, and to determine their possible relevance to autism. In conclusion, the BALB/c inbred strain may be a useful animal model for identifying genes and neurobiological pathways involved in autism-related phenotypes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav,Translat Res Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Brodkin, ES (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav,Translat Res Lab, Room 2220,125 S 31st St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.06.025 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800006 PM 16890300 ER PT J AU Lewis, MH Tanimura, Y Lee, LW Bodfish, JW AF Lewis, Mark H. Tanimura, Yoko Lee, Linda W. Bodfish, James W. TI Animal models of restricted repetitive behavior in autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY JUN, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE stereotypy; deer mice; environmental enrichment; basal gganglia; repetitive behavior ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; DELTA-FOSB; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE; VALPROIC ACID; RETT-SYNDROME; BANK VOLES AB Restricted, repetitive behavior, along with deficits in social reciprocity and communication, is diagnostic of autism. Animal models relevant to this domain generally fall into three classes: repetitive behavior associated with targeted insults to the CNS; repetitive behavior induced by pharmacological agents; and repetitive behavior associated with restricted environments and experience. The extant literature provides potential models of the repetitive behavioral phenotype in autism rather than attempts to model the etiology or pathophysiology of restricted, repetitive behavior, as these are poorly understood. This review focuses on our work with deer mice which exhibit repetitive behaviors associated with environmental restriction. Repetitive behaviors are the most common category of abnormal behavior observed in confined animals and larger, more complex environments substantially reduce the development and expression of such behavior. Studies with this model, including environmental enrichment effects, suggest alterations in cortical-basal ganglia circuitry in the development and expression of repetitive behavior. Considerably more work needs to be done in this area, particularly in modeling the development of aberrant repetitive behavior. As mutant mouse models continue to proliferate, there should be a number of promising genetic models to pursue. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Mcknight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Behav Neurosci Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Lewis, MH (reprint author), 100 S Newell Dr,POB 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 75 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.020 PG 19 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800008 PM 17084912 ER PT J AU Boylan, CB Blue, ME Hohmann, CF AF Boylan, Carolyn B. Blue, Mary E. Hohmann, Christine F. TI Modeling early cortical serotonergic deficits in autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism; serotonin; glutamate; plasticity; social behavior; receptor autoradiography ID PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; KITTEN VISUAL-CORTEX; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; YOUNG-CHILDREN; THALAMIC NEURONS; FRONTAL-CORTEX; MINICOLUMNAR PATHOLOGY AB Autism is a developmental brain disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, language and behavior. Brain imaging studies demonstrate increased cerebral cortical volumes and micro- and macro-scopic neuroanatomic changes in children with this disorder. Alterations in forebrain serotonergic function may underlie the neuroanatomic and behavioral features of autism. Serotonin is involved in neuronal growth and plasticity and these actions are likely mediated via serotonergic and glutamatergic receptors. Few animal models of autism have been described that replicate both etiology and pathophysiology. We report here on a selective serotonin (5-HT) depletion model of this disorder in neonatal mice that mimics neurochemical and structural changes in cortex and, in addition, displays a behavioral phenotype consistent with autism. Newborn male and female mice were depleted of forebrain 5-HT with injections of the serotonergic neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), into the bilateral medial forebrain bundle (mfb). Behavioral testing of these animals as adults revealed alterations in social, sensory and stereotypic behaviors. Lesioned mice showed significantly increased cortical width. Serotonin immunocytochemistry showed a dramatic long-lasting depletion of 5-HT containing fibers in cerebral cortex until postnatal day (PND) 60. Autoradiographic binding to high affinity 5-HT transporters was significantly but transiently reduced in cerebral cortex of 5,7-DHT-depleted mice. AMPA glutamate receptor binding was decreased at PND 15. We hypothesize that increased cerebral cortical volume and sensorimotor, cognitive and social deficits observed in both 5-HT-depleted animals and in individuals with autism, may be the result of deficiencies in timely axonal pruning to key cerebral cortical areas. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kennedy Krieger Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.026 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800009 PM 17034875 ER PT J AU Walker, BR Diefenbach, KS Parikh, TN AF Walker, Benjamin R. Diefenbach, Katia S. Parikh, Tanvi N. TI Inhibition within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) ameliorates environmental exploration deficits due to cerebellum lesions in an animal model for autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism spectrum disorders; exploration behavior; brainstem; cholinergic basal forebrain; cerebellum; saporin; animal experimental models ID FOREBRAIN CHOLINERGIC NEURONS; LURCHER MUTANT MICE; BASAL FOREBRAIN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; INDUCED SEIZURES; PURKINJE-CELLS; FRONTAL-LOBE; BRAIN; RATS AB Clinical observations suggest that abnormalities within the cerebellum and/or the cerebellum-cholinergic forebrain connections may be key to explain the severe behavioral deficits and increases in seizures seen in autism. In order to explore functional relationships between brain areas implicated in many of the core behavioral features of autism, experiments utilizing animal models for specific autism-like behaviors have increased in recent years. In the current study, we used a rodent model for the autism-like behavior of environment exploration deficits to examine the role of the cerebellum and its connectivity to the forebrain. In addition, due to the possible common neural pathways between seizures and autism-like behaviors, we explored the possibility for limiting autism-like behaviors via antiseizure brainstem and cerebellar circuitry. In two experiments. adult male rats showed a significant decrease in exploration behavior following developmental cerebellar suction lesions (experiment 1) or i.c.v. saporin injections specifically targeting Purkinje cells, but not after the addition of saporin-induced cholinergic forebrain lesions (experiment 2). In both experiments, the anticonvulsant treatment of inhibition of the medullary nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) restored exploration behavior to control levels. These findings suggest that specific neuronal populations within the cerebellum are responsible for mediating exploration behavior. and these neuronal populations are similar to the circuitry involved in limbic motor seizures in that they are sensitive to brainstem inhibition. Furthermore, these results suggest this connection could be utilized in order to control behavioral deficits seen in autism with treatments, such as vagal nerve stimulation, which are effective against pharmaco-resistant seizures. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Walker, BR (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, 301D White Gravenor Hall 37th & P St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. 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PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.008 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800010 PM 16971000 ER PT J AU Kuemerle, B Gulden, F Cherosky, N Williams, E Herrup, K AF Kuemerle, Barbara Gulden, Forrest Cherosky, Natalie Williams, Elizabeth Herrup, Karl TI The mouse Engrailed genes: A window into autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism; Engrailed; amygdala; cerebellurm; mouse model; brain development ID FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DEVELOPMENTAL CEREBELLAR ABNORMALITY; HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; SPECTRUM-DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MUTANT MICE; BRAIN SIZE; AMYGDALA; EN-2; CHILDREN AB The complex behavioral symptoms and neuroanatomical abnormalities observed in autistic individuals strongly suggest a multi-factorial basis for this perplexing disease. Although not the perfect model, we believe the Engrailed genes provide an invaluable "window" into the elusive etiology of autism spectrum disorder. The Engrailed-2 gene has been associated with autism in genetic linkage studies. The En2 knock-out mouse harbors cerebellar abnormalities that are similar to those found in autistic individuals and, as we report here, has a distinct anterior shift in the position of the amygdala in the cerebral cortex. Our initial analysis of background effects in the En1 mouse knock-out provides insight as to possible molecular mechanisms and gender differences associated with autism. These findings further the connection between Engrailed and autism and provide new avenues to explore in the ongoing study of the biological basis of this multifaceted disease. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Nelson Biol Labs, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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Rodier, Patricia TI Discrimination learning and reversal of the conditioned eyeblink reflex in a rodent model of autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE eyeblink conditioning; gestational valproate exposure; discrimination reversal; cerebellum; hippocampus; development ID NICTITATING-MEMBRANE RESPONSE; HIPPOCAMPAL-LESIONS; EYELID RESPONSE; BRAIN-STEM; LONG-DELAY; CHILDREN; ONTOGENY; TRACE; RATS; CEREBELLUM AB Offspring of rats exposed to valproic acid (VPA) on gestational day (GD) 12 have been advocated as a rodent model of autism because they show neuron loss in brainstem nuclei and the cerebellum resembling that seen in human autistic cases [20,37]. Studies of autistic children have reported alterations in acquisition of classical eyeblink conditioning [2,40] and in reversal of instrumental discrimination learning [9]. Acquisition of discriminative eyeblink conditioning depends on known brainstem-cerebellar circuitry whereas reversal depends on interactions of this circuitry with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In order to explore behavioral parallels of the VPA rodent model with human autism, the present study exposed pregnant Long-Evans rats to 600 mg/kg VPA on GD 12 [37] and tested their offspring from Postnatal Day (PND26-31) on discriminative eyeblink conditioning and reversal. VPA rats showed faster eyeblink conditioning. consistent with studies in autistic children [40]. This suggests that previously reported parallels between human autism and the VPA rodent model with respect to injury to brainstem-cerebellar circuitry [37] are accompanied by behavioral parallels when a conditioning task engaging this circuitry is used. VPA rats also showed impaired reversal learning, but this likely reflected "carry-over" of enhanced conditioning during acquisition rather than a reversal learning deficit like that seen in human autism. Further studies of eyeblink conditioning in human autism and in various animal models may help to identify the etiology of this developmental disorder. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Psychol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Stanton, ME (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Psychol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. 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TI Abnormal social behaviors in young and adult rats neonatally infected with Borna disease virus SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism; Borna disease virus; social behavior; cerebellum; rat ID RECEPTOR GENE-EXPRESSION; ANIMAL-MODELS; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DAMAGE; AUTISTIC DISORDER; LEWIS RATS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; PERSISTENT INFECTION; BDV INFECTION; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been the focus of a great deal of research and clinical speculation. This intense interest relates to both the perplexing pathogenesis and devastating consequences of these disorders. One of the obstacles to understanding the pathogenesis of autism and to developing efficient treatment has been the paucity of animal models that could be used for hypotheses-driven mechanistic studies of abnormal brain and behavior development and for the pre-clinical testing novel pharmacological treatments. In this report, we briefly review our animal model of ASD based on neonatal Borna disease virus (BDV) infection and present new data about abnormal social interaction in adult BDV-infected rats. We found that neonatal BDV infection profoundly affected social behaviors in adult rats. Compared to the control rats, both 90- and 180-day-old infected rats spent less time in active social interaction and more time in following their partners. In the intruder-re si dent test, the BDV-infected resident rats exhibited less aggression towards the intruders and showed more the following-the-intruder behavior. The following-the-partner behavior may be an example of "stereotypic" activity due to BDV-induced abnormal social communication between rats. The previously published results and present findings indicate that neonatal BDV infection significantly altered the normal pattern of social interaction in rats. Co-localization of activated microglia and dying Purkinje cells in BDV-infected rats suggests that the BDV model could be used to study a pathogenic link of Purkinje cell dropout and neuroinflammation to abnormal social behaviors. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Div Neurobiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Pletnikov, MV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Div Neurobiol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.06.013 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800013 PM 16860408 ER PT J AU MacFabe, DF Cain, DP Rodriguez-Capote, K Franklin, AE Hoffman, JE Boon, F Taylor, AR Kavaliers, M Ossenkopp, KP AF MacFabe, Derrick F. Cain, Donald P. Rodriguez-Capote, Karina Franklin, Andrew E. Hoffman, Jennifer E. Boon, Francis Taylor, A. Roy Kavaliers, Martin Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter TI Neurobiological effects of intraventricular propionic acid in rats: Possible role of short chain fatty acids on the pathogenesis and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE locomotor activity; seizures; dystonia; kindling; animal model; oxidative stress; neuroinflammation; glutathione; clostridia ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; ANIMAL-MODELS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BASAL GANGLIA; GAP-JUNCTIONS AB Clinical observations suggest that certain gut and dietary factors may transiently worsen symptoms in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), epilepsy and some inheritable metabolic disorders. Propionic acid (PPA) is a short chain fatty acid and an important intermediate of cellular metabolism. PPA is also a by-product of a subpopulation of human gut enterobacteria and is a common food preservative. We examined the behavioural, electrophysiological, neuropathological, and biochemical effects of treatment with PPA and related compounds in adult rats. Intraventricular infusions of PPA produced reversible repetitive dystonic behaviours, hyperactivity, turning behaviour, retropulsion, caudate spiking, and the progressive development of limbic kindled seizures, suggesting that this compound has central effects. Biochemical analyses of brain homogenates from PPA treated rats showed an increase in oxidative stress markers (e.g., lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation) and glutathione S-transferase activity coupled with a decrease in glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurohistological examinations of hippocampus and adjacent white matter (external capsule) of PPA treated rats revealed increased reactive astrogliosis (GFAP immunoreactivity) and activated microglia (CD68 immunoreactivity) suggestive of a neuroinflammatory process. This was coupled with a lack of cytotoxicity (cell counts, cleaved caspase 3' immunoreactivity), and an increase in phosphorylated CREB immunoreactivity. We propose that some types of autism may be partial forms of genetically inherited or acquired disorders involving altered PPA metabolism. Thus, intraventricular administration of PPA in rats may provide a means to model some aspects of human ASD in rats. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Social Sci Ctr, Div Dev Disabil, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp,Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Social Sci Ctr, Div Dev Disabil, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp,Dept Psychiat, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Grad Program Neurosci, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, Dept Biochem, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. RP MacFabe, DF (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Social Sci Ctr, Div Dev Disabil, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp,Dept Psychol, Room 7252, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 149 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.025 PG 21 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800014 PM 16950524 ER PT J AU Carter, CS AF Carter, C. Sue TI Sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin: Implications for autism spectrum disorders? SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Behavioral-Neuroscience-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Int Behav Neurosci Soc DE autism; sex differences; testosterone; vasopressin; oxytocin; reelin ID VOLES MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; MALE PRAIRIE VOLES; HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PROLYL ENDOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID LEVELS; HETEROZYGOUS REELER MOUSE AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are male-biased and characterized by deficits in social behavior and social communication, excessive anxiety or hyperreactivity to stressful experiences, and a tendency toward repetitiveness. The purpose of this review is to consider evidence for a role for two sexually dimorphic neuropeptides, oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (VP), in these features of ASD. Both VP and OT play a role in normal development. VP is androgen-dependent and of particular importance to male behavior. Excess VP or disruptions in the VP system could contribute to the male vulnerability to ASD. Alternatively, protective processes mediated via OT or the OT receptor might help to explain the relatively rare occurrence of ASD in females. Disruptions in either OT or VP or their receptors could result from genetic variation or epigenetic modifications of gene expression, especially during early development. Deficits in other developmental growth factors, such as reelin, which may in turn regulate or be regulated by OT or VP, are additional candidates for a role in ASD. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Brain Body Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Carter, CS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Brain Body Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. 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Brain Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 170 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.025 PG 17 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 125QK UT WOS:000243456800015 PM 17000015 ER PT J AU Keller, TA Kana, RK Just, MA AF Keller, Timothy A. Kana, Rajesh K. Just, Marcel Adam TI A developmental study of the structural integrity of white matter in autism SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE autism; connectivity; development; diffusion tensor imaging; fractional anisotropy; white matter ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DIFFUSION-TENSOR MRI; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; BRAIN; DISORDER; CONNECTIVITY; ADOLESCENCE; ANISOTROPY; CHILDHOOD; FEATURES AB Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine developmental changes in the organization of white matter in a large sample of male participants with autism and controls between the ages of 10 and 35, years. 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Duzcan, Fusun Kim, Seonhee Cinbis, Mine Aggarwal, Abha Apse, Kira A. Ozde, Osman Atmaca, Munevver Zencir, Sevil Bagci, Huseyin Walsh, Christopher A. TI The role of RELN in lissencephaly and neuropsychiatric disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE pachygyria; cerebellar hypoplasia; malformation of cortical development ID APOE RECEPTOR 2; CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA; NEURONAL MIGRATION; VLDL RECEPTOR; REELIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MUTATIONS; DISABLED-1; EXPRESSION; AUTISM AB Reelin is an extracellular matrix-associated protein important in the regulation of neuronal migration during cerebral cortical development. Point mutations in the RELN gene have been shown to cause an autosomal recessive human brain malformation termed lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH). Recent work has raised the possibility that reelin may also play a pathogenic role in other neuropsychiatric disorders. We sought, therefore, to define more precisely the phenotype of RELN gene disruption. To do this, we performed a clinical, radiological, and molecular study of a family in whom multiple individuals carry a chromosomal inversion that disrupts the RELN locus. A 6-year-old girl homozygous for the pericentric inversion 46,XX,inv7(p11.2q22) demonstrated the same clinical features that have been previously described in association with RELN point mutations. The girl's brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including pachygyria and severe cerebellar hypoplasia, were identical to those seen with RELN point mutations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed that one of the breakpoints of this inversion mapped to within the RELN gene, and Western blotting revealed an absence of detectable serum reelin protein. Several relatives who were heterozygous for this inversion were neurologically normal and had no signs of psychotic illness. Our findings demonstrate the distinctive phenotype of LCH, which is easily distinguishable from other forms of lissencephaly. Although RELN appears to be critical for normal cerebral and cerebellar development, its role, if any, in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders remains unclear. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Pamukkale Univ, Cytogenet Lab, Dept Med Biol, Ctr Genet Diag, Denizli, Turkey. Pamukkale Univ, Dept Pediat, Denizli, Turkey. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dana Farber Harvard Canc Ctr Cytogenet Core Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Pamukkale Univ, Dept Psychiat, Denizli, Turkey. Pamukkale Univ, Dept Med Biol, Denizli, Turkey. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Chang, BS (reprint author), New Res Bldg 268B,77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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TI Autistic-spectrum disorders in down syndrome: Further delineation and distinction from other behavioral abnormalities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorder; stereotypic movements; childhood disintegrative disorder; anxiety; aberrant behavior checklist; autism; behavior checklist; dual diagnosis; trisomy 21 ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; RATING-SCALE; CHECKLIST; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; SPECIFICITY AB The present study extends our previous work characterizing the behavioral features of autistic-spectrum disorder (ASD) in Down syndrome (DS) using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Autism Behavior Checklist (AutBehav). We examined which specific behaviors distinguished the behavioral phenotype of DS+ASD from other aberrant behavior disorders in DS, by determining the relative contribution of ABC and AutBehav subscales and items to the diagnosis of ASD. A total of 127 subjects (aged 2-24 years; mean age: 8.4 years; similar to 70% male), comprising: a cohort of 64 children and adolescents with DS and comorbid ASD (DS + ASD), 19 with DS and stereotypic movement disorder (DS + SMD), 18 with DS and disruptive behaviors (DS + DB), and 26 with DS and no co-morbid behavior disorders (DS + none) were examined using the aforementioned measures of aberrant behavior. We found that subjects with DS+ASD showed the most severe aberrant behavior, especially stereotypy compared to DS + none and lethargy/social withdrawal and relating problems compared to DS + SAID. Specifically, relatively simple stereotypic behavior differentiated DS+ASD from DS + DB, whereas odd/bizarre stereotypic and anxious behavior characterized DS+ASD relative to DS + SMD and DS + none. Additionally, in a subset of subjects with DS+ASD and anxiety, social withdrawal was particularly pronounced. Overall, our findings indicate that a diagnosis of DS + ASD represents a distinctive set of aberrant behaviors marked by characteristic odd/bizarre stereotypic behavior, anxiety, and social withdrawal. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Kaufmann, WE (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. 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Singh, Manoranjan Usha, Rajamma TI Reelin gene polymorphisms in the Indian population: A possible paternal 5 ' UTR-CGG-repeat-allele effect on autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; reelin; 5 ' UTR; association; paternal transmission ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; ALLELIC ASSOCIATIONS; VULNERABILITY FACTOR; CHROMOSOME 7Q; CGG REPEAT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; REGION; TESTS AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability factor and the reelin gene, which codes for an extracellular matrix protein involved with neuronal migration and lamination is being investigated as a positional and functional candidate gene for autism. It is located on chromosome 7q22 within the autism susceptible locus (AUTS1); identified in earlier genome scans and several investigations have been carried out on various ethnic groups to assess possible association and linkage of the gene with autism. However, the findings are still inconclusive. In the present study which represents the first report of such a study on the Indian population, genotyping analyses of CGG repeat polymorphism at 5'UTR, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at exon 6 and exon 50 were performed in 73 autistic subjects, 129 parents, and 80 controls. The allelic distributions of the repeat polymorphism and exon 50 T/C SNP were quite different from earlier reports in other populations. Allelic and genotypic distribution of the markers did not show any differences between the cases and controls. While our preliminary data on family-based association studies on 58 trios showed no preferential transmission of any allele from the parents to the affected offspring, TDT and HHRR analyses revealed significant paternal transmission distortions for 10- and >= 11-repeat alleles of CGG repeat polymorphism. Thus, the present study suggests that 5'UTR of reelin gene may have a role in the susceptibility towards autism with the paternal transmission and non-transmission respectively of 10- and >= 11-repeat alleles, to the affected offspring. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Manovikas Kendra Rehabil & Res Inst Handicapped, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. Amarwati Path, Assam Autism Fdn, Gauhati, India. Indian Stat Inst, Human Genet Unit, Kolkata 700035, W Bengal, India. Calcutta Natl Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Neuromed, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. RP Usha, R (reprint author), Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, 482 Madudah,Plot I-24,Sector J,EM Bypass, Kolkata 700107, W Bengal, India. 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TI Effect of pioglitazone treatment on behavioral symptoms in autistic children SO JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; OPEN-LABEL TRIAL; PPAR-GAMMA; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; T-CELLS; 15-DEOXY-DELTA(12,14)-PROSTAGLANDIN J(2); THIAZOLIDINEDIONE AGONISTS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS AB Introduction: Autism is complex neuro-developmental disorder which has a symptomatic diagnosis in patients characterized by disorders in language/communication, behavior, and social interactions. The exact causes for autism are largely unknown, but is has been speculated that immune and inflammatory responses, particularly those of Th2 type, may be involved. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are agonists of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPAR gamma), a nuclear hormone receptor which modulates insulin sensitivity, and have been shown to induce apoptosis in activated T-lymphocytes and exert anti-inflammatory effects in glial cells. The TZD pioglitazone ( Actos) is an FDA-approved PPAR gamma agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, with a good safety profile, currently being tested in clinical trials of other neurological diseases including AD and MS. We therefore tested the safety and therapeutic potential of oral pioglitazone in a small cohort of children with diagnosed autism. Case description: The rationale and risks of taking pioglitazone were explained to the parents, consent was obtained, and treatment was initiated at either 30 or 60 mg per day p.o. A total of 25 children ( average age 7.9 +/- 0.7 year old) were enrolled. Safety was assessed by measurements of metabolic profiles and blood pressure; effects on behavioral symptoms were assessed by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), which measures hyperactivity, inappropriate speech, irritability, lethargy, and stereotypy, done at baseline and after 3-4 months of treatment. Discussion and evaluation: In a small cohort of autistic children, daily treatment with 30 or 60 mg p.o. pioglitazone for 3-4 months induced apparent clinical improvement without adverse events. There were no adverse effects noted and behavioral measurements revealed a significant decrease in 4 out of 5 subcategories ( irritability, lethargy, stereotypy, and hyperactivity). Improved behaviors were inversely correlated with patient age, indicating stronger effects on the younger patients. Conclusion: Pioglitazone should be considered for further testing of therapeutic potential in autistic patients. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Anesthesiol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Autism Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92116 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Boris, M (reprint author), 77 Froehlih Farm Blvd Woodbury, Woodbury, NY 11797 USA. 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Mallett, Jacques Vodjdani, Guilan TI Maternal serotonin is crucial for murine embryonic development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genotype/phenotype; tph1 knockout mice; tryptophan hydroxylase ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; ENTERIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; 5-HT2B RECEPTOR; TRANSPORTER; MORPHOGENESIS; AUTISM; NEURONS; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION AB The early appearance of serotonin and its receptors during prenatal development, together with the many effects serotonin exerts during CNS morphogenesis, strongly suggest that serotonin influences the development and maturation of the mammalian brain before it becomes a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter. Sites of early serotonin biosynthesis, however, have not been detected in mouse embryos or extraembryonic structures, suggesting that the main source of serotonin could be of maternal origin. This hypothesis was tested by using knockout mice lacking the tph1 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of peripheral serotonin. Genetic crosses were performed to compare the phenotype of pups born from homozygous and heterozygous mothers. Observations provide the first clear evidence that (i) maternal serotonin is involved in the control of morphogenesis during developmental stages that precede the appearance of serotonergic neurons and (h) serotonin is critical for normal murine development. Most strikingly, the phenotype of tph1(-/-) embryos depends more on the maternal genotype than on that of the concepti. Consideration of the maternal genotype may thus help to clarify the influence of other genes in complex diseases, such as mental illness. C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab Genet Mol & Neurotransmiss & Proc Neurodegene, CNRS, UMR 7091,Hop Pitie Salpetriere, F-75013 Paris, France. Hop Lariboisiere, Serv Biochim & Biol Mol, F-75010 Paris, France. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1073/pnas.0606722104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125QF UT WOS:000243456300060 PM 17182745 ER PT J AU Cannizzaro, G Cannizzaro, E Tranchina, E AF Cannizzaro, Gaspare Cannizzaro, Emanuele Tranchina, Ernesto TI Neurobiology and therapy of affective disorders in autism: current knowledges SO ACTA MEDICA MEDITERRANEA LA Italian DT Article DE autism; neurobiological mechanism; drug therapy ID GENETICS AB Autism is a disorder affecting the brain. It comes out in the prenatal period and is characterized by disorders of social behaviour, communicative difficulties, socialization, language, presence of obsessive and repetitive habits and disorders of the emotional field. It is a real epidemic, so we need to have real effective therapies for it. Unfortunately there are no pharmacological treatments at the moment. This is due to the fact that neurobiological mechanisms of autism are still unknown, so it is difficult to obtain specific drugs for it. Nevertheless, over these last years important progresses have been made over the study of anatomic and functional brain aspects. These studies allowed us to understand, in part, the neurobiological mechanisms of this pathology. In the following report we have analyzed the most important neurobiological alterations involved in autism and related drug therapy. C1 [Cannizzaro, Gaspare; Cannizzaro, Emanuele; Tranchina, Ernesto] Univ Palermo, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin, Dipartimento Sci Farmacol, I-90133 Palermo, Italy. RP Cannizzaro, G (reprint author), Via Del Vespro 143, I-90127 Palermo, Italy. 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PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314EM UT WOS:000256792200002 ER PT J AU Arias-Carrion, O Poppel, E AF Arias-Carrion, Oscar Poeppel, Ernst TI Dopamine, learning, and reward-seeking behavior SO ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS LA English DT Review DE cognition; dopamine receptors; dopaminergic neurons; learning; reward-seeking behavior ID HUMAN-BRAIN; AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RAT PUPS; RECEPTORS; NEURONS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; MOTIVATION; MEMORY AB Dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain are the main source of dopamine (DA) in the brain. DA has been shown to be involved in the control of movements, the signaling of error in prediction of reward, motivation, and cognition. Cerebral DA depletion is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Other pathological states have also been associated with DA dysfunction, such as schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, as well as drug abuse. DA is closely associated with reward-seeking behaviors, such as approach, consumption, and addiction. Recent researches suggest that the firing of DA neurons is a motivational substance as a consequence of reward-anticipation. This hypothesis is based on the evidence that, when a reward is greater than expected, the firing of certain DA neurons increases, which consequently increases desire or motivation towards the reward. C1 [Arias-Carrion, Oscar; Poeppel, Ernst] Univ Munich, Human Sci Ctr, FESTO Program Appl Knowing, D-80336 Munich, Germany. RP Arias-Carrion, O (reprint author), Univ Munich, Human Sci Ctr, FESTO Program Appl Knowing, D-80336 Munich, Germany. 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TI Emergence of mirror neurons in a model of gaze following SO ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Development and Learning CY JUN, 2006 CL E Lansing, MI HO Michigan State Univ DE gaze following; shared attention; mirror neuron; imitation; autism; reinforcement learning ID JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL COGNITION; IMITATION; CHILDREN; SYSTEM; PERCEPTION; MIND; 1ST; REPRESENTATION AB Gaze following is the ability to redirect one's gaze to the location where another agent is looking. We present a computational model of how human infants or other agents may acquire gaze following by learning to predict the locations of interesting sights from the looking behavior of other agents through reinforcement learning. The model accounts for many findings about the development of gaze following in human infants. During learning, the model develops pre-motor representations that exhibit many properties characteristic of mirror neurons, but they are specific to looking behaviors. The existence of such a new class of mirror neurons is the main prediction of our model. The model also offers a parsimonious account of how these and possibly other mirror neurons may acquire their special response properties. In this account, visual representations of other agents' actions become associated with premotor neurons that represent the intention to perform corresponding actions. The model also demonstrates how this development may be obstructed in autism spectrum disorder, giving rise to specific physiological and anatomical differences in the mirror system. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. UC San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, San Diego, CA USA. UC San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Triesch, J (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Adv Studies, Max Von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. 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PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 149 EP 165 DI 10.1177/1059712307078654 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Psychology, Experimental; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 174RJ UT WOS:000246960200004 ER PT J AU Stahmer, AC Mandell, DS AF Stahmer, Aubyn C. Mandell, David S. TI State infant/toddler program policies for eligibility and services provision for young children with autism SO ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; early intervention; Part C; state agencies; infant mental health ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; MEDICAID; PERSPECTIVE; INSURANCE; PATTERNS; YOUTHS; IMPACT; SCHOOL AB The importance of early developmental and behavioral treatment for children with autism is increasingly recognized. Little is known, however, about early intervention policies that may affect service delivery to these children. The current study describes states' policies for providing early intervention services to children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Part C and examines how Part C policies are associated with the proportion of school-age children diagnosed with autism served under IDEA. Results indicate few consistencies among states in policies and practices regarding the identification and care of infants and toddlers with autism. The implications of state variation for policy makers are discussed. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Childrens Hosp, Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92133 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Stahmer, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Childrens Hosp, Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, 3020 Childrens Way MC5033, San Diego, CA 92133 USA. 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Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10488-006-0060-4 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 125EV UT WOS:000243426000003 PM 16758329 ER PT J AU Campolo, D Laschi, C Keller, F Guglielmelli, E AF Campolo, Domenico Laschi, Cecilia Keller, Flavio Guglielmelli, Eugenio TI A mechatfunic platform for early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE neurodevelopmental engineering; ecological behavioral assessment; inertial/magnetic motion tracking; force sensing; autism ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; MOTION TRACKING; MOVEMENT; CHILDREN; SENSORS; TASK AB Neurodevelopmental engineering is a new interdisciplinary research area at the intersection of developmental neuroscience and biomedical engineering, mainly concerned with quantitative analysis and modeling of human behaviour during neural development. Along such a line, our research focuses on early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, typically diagnosed after 2-3 years of age. With the purpose of beating new paths in the emerging field of neurodevelopmental engineering, we propose a novel approach to the assessment of basic patterns of goal-directed actions in developing babies, in the 0-24 months of age range, both under laboratory and naturalistic conditions. In particular, we propose novel mechatronic devices, either wearable or embedded into toys, for ecological, unobtrusive assessment of infant behavior. Guidelines for the design of a particular toy embedding both kinematics and force-sensing capabilities as well as of experimental scenarios where similar instrumented toys can be deployed are provided. Preliminary experiments for the technical validation of an early prototype in ecological conditions are also presented. C1 Univ Campus Biomed, Biomed Robot & EMC Lab, I-00155 Rome, Italy. Univ Campus Biomed, Dev Neurosci & Neural Plast, I-00155 Rome, Italy. Univ Campus Biomed, Dept Neurosci & Neural Plast Lab, I-00155 Rome, Italy. Scuola Super Sant Anna, Adv Robot Technol & Sys Lab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Campolo, D (reprint author), Univ Campus Biomed, Biomed Robot & EMC Lab, I-00155 Rome, Italy. 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Cignolini, Anita Warren, Roxanne Budden, Sarojini Skowron-Gooch, Annette TI Improvement in sensory impairment and social interaction in young children with autism following Treatment with an original Qigong massage methodology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autism; sensory impairment; Qigong massage; impaired social development; cignolini methodology ID SLEEP PROBLEMS; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; SYMPTOMS; DISORDER; INFANCY; MOTOR; AGE AB In clinical research, sensory impairment is considered one of the core deficits in autism and is associated with impaired socialization, behavioral disturbances and bowel and sleep problems. The effectiveness of the Cignolini methodology, an original Qigong massage methodology, in treating sensory impairment in young children with autism was evaluated in a small, controlled study. Thirteen children with autism between the ages of three and six received daily treatment according to the methodology for 5 months. Compared with untreated children, treated children experienced significant improvement of their sensory impairment (p < 0.01), and demonstrated increased social skills (p < 0.04) and basic living skills (p < 0.02) on standardized measures. In addition, all of the children with bowel and sleep abnormalities demonstrated improvement after treatment. C1 Western Oregon Univ, Teaching Res Inst, Salem, OR 97308 USA. Chinese Acupuncture Physicians, I-90144 Palermo, Italy. Salem Keizer Sch, Salem, OR 97302 USA. Legacy Emanuel Childrens Hosp, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Willamette Educ Serv Dist, Salem, OR 97302 USA. RP Silva, LMT (reprint author), POB 688, Salem, OR 97308 USA. 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PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1142/S0192415X07004916 PG 14 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Medicine, General & Internal SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine; General & Internal Medicine GA 189YX UT WOS:000248026000003 PM 17597498 ER PT J AU Havlovicova, M Novotna, D Kocarek, E Novotna, K Bendova, S Petrak, B Hrdlicka, M Sedlacek, Z AF Havlovicova, Marketa Novotna, Drahuse Kocarek, Eduard Novotna, Kamila Bendova, Sarka Petrak, Borivoj Hrdlicka, Michal Sedlacek, Zdenek TI A girl with neurofibromatosis type 1, atypical autism and mosaic ring chromosome 17 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE ring chromosome 17; ring syndrome; neurofibromarosis; autism; mental retardation; cancer susceptibility ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; PHENOTYPE; GENES AB We describe a girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), mild dysmorphic features, growth and mental retardation, autism, and mosaicism of ring chromosome 17 and chromosome 17 monosomy. The extent of genetic material deleted from the ring chromosome was determined using a combination of classical cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to be 0.6-2.5 Mb on 17p, and up to about 10 Mb on 17q. Based on our observations and on a review of the literature we argue that in addition to a universal "ring syndrome" which is based on ring instability and is less specific for the chromosome involved, various ring chromosomes underlie their own characteristic phenotypes. We propose that the symptoms leading to the diagnosis of NF1 in our patient could be attributed to mosaic hemizygosity for the NF1 gene in some of her somatic cells. A similar mechanism or a direct involvement of respective disease genes in the aberration could possibly influence also the development of autism and other symptoms. We raise a question if the loss of one copy of chromosome 17 from a substantisal fraction of somatic cells can have specific consequences also for future risks of the patient, for example, due to the mosaic hemizygosity for the BRCA1 and TP53 genes. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 2, Inst Biol & Med Genet, CZ-15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic. Univ Hosp Motol, CZ-15006 Prague, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 2, Dept Child Neurol, CZ-15006 Prague, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 2, Dept Child Psychiat, CZ-15006 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Havlovicova, M (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 2, Inst Biol & Med Genet, V Uvalu 84, CZ-15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31569 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 124GY UT WOS:000243357500010 PM 17163520 ER PT J AU Roberts, JE Hennon, EA Price, JR Dear, E Anderson, K Vandergrift, NA AF Roberts, Joanne E. Hennon, Elizabeth A. Price, Johanna R. Dear, Elizabeth Anderson, Kathleen Vandergrift, Nathan A. TI Expressive language during conversational speech in boys with fragile X syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID NONSPECIFIC MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; SAMPLING CONTEXT; CHILDREN; MALES; AUTISM; COMMUNICATION; ADOLESCENTS; SKILLS; BEHAVIOR AB We compared the expressive syntax and vocabulary skills of 35 boys with fragile X syndrome and 27 younger typically developing boys who were at similar nonverbal mental levels. During a conversational speech sample, the boys with fragile X syndrome used shorter, less complex utterances and produced fewer different words than did the typically developing boys after controlling for their nonverbal MA, speech intelligibility, and mother's education. The boys with fragile X used less complex noun phrases, verb phrases, and sentence structure, but did not use fewer questions and negations. These findings suggest that the language difficulties in boys with fragile X reflect an overall expressive language delay and not a specific syntactic or vocabulary delay. C1 Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, 105 Smith Level Rd,CB 8180, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[1:ELDCSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 135FJ UT WOS:000244139200001 PM 17181388 ER PT J AU Taffe, JR Gray, KM Einfeld, SL Dekker, MC Koot, HM Emerson, E Koskentausta, T Tonge, BJ AF Taffe, John R. Gray, Kylie M. Einfeld, Stewart L. Dekker, Marielle C. Koot, Hans M. Emerson, Eric Koskentausta, Terhi Tonge, Bruce J. TI Short form of the Developmental Behaviour Checklist SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; POPULATION PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS AB A 24-item short form of the 96-item Developmental Behaviour Checklist was developed to provide a brief measure of Total Behaviour Problem Score for research purposes. The short form Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC-P24) was chosen for low bias and high precision from among 100 randomly selected item sets. The DBC-P24 was developed from epidemiological data in the first three waves of the Australian Child to Adult Development study, and cross validated for groups with autism, fragile X, Prader-Willi, and Williams in this longitudinal study and in cross sectional Dutch, English, and Finnish samples of young people with intellectual disability. The DBC-P24 has low bias and high precision in cross-validation samples and achieves high sensitivity and specificity to full DBC-P based caseness decisions. C1 Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Lancaster, Inst Hlth Res, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Paajarvi Rehabil Ctr, Lammi, Finland. 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PD JAN PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[31:SFOTDB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 135FJ UT WOS:000244139200003 PM 17181389 ER PT J AU Ledo-Varela, MT Gimenez-Amaya, JM Llamas, A AF Ledo-Varela, M. T. Gimenez-Amaya, J. M. Llamas, A. TI The amygdaloid complex and its implication in psychiatric disorders SO ANALES DEL SISTEMA SANITARIO DE NAVARRA LA Spanish DT Review DE amygdalold complex; schizophrenia; autism; bipolar disorder; Kluver-Bucy syndrome ID KLUVER-BUCY-SYNDROME; BIPOLAR DISORDER; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; HIPPOCAMPUS; BRAIN; MRI; ABNORMALITIES; DEPRESSION; AUTISM AB The amygdaloid complex is a group of nuclei located deep in the temporal lobe and closely involved in the limbic system. Its alteration has been associated with some psychiatric processes. In this article, an overall review was made of the published data concerning the amygdaloid complex in the most common psychiatric diseases. A damaged amygdaloid complex is commonly observed, that in the Kluver-Bucy syndrome presents the fullest expression. A decrease in the amygdaloid complex of schizophrenic patients has been observed. This finding was found bilaterally in men whereas in women it was only located in one hemisphere. This finding suggests that morphometric alterations in the amygdaloid complex are more diffuse and more severe in men with schizophrenia. This subcortical complex is larger in children with autism, but not in adolescents, in whom the amygdaloid complex volume matches the normal volume of an adolescent or an adult without this pathology. However, neuroanatomical studies have shown microscopic alterations. In patients with mood disorders, it has been reported that the left amygdaloid complex presents a lesser volume. Moreover, in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease a slight amygdaloid atrophia was found related to the healthy controls. It can be concluded that the amygdaloid complex is involved in several psychiatric processes, due to structural or functional damage. However, more studies are still needed in order to delimitate the real influence of the amygdaloid complex in these disorders. C1 [Ledo-Varela, M. T.; Gimenez-Amaya, J. M.; Llamas, A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Med, Dept Anat Histol & Neurociencia, Madrid 28029, Spain. RP Gimenez-Amaya, JM (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Med, Dept Anat Histol & Neurociencia, C Arzobispo Morcillo S-N, Madrid 28029, Spain. 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Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. PY 2007 VL 23 BP 549 EP 577 DI 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123237 PG 29 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 230SM UT WOS:000250896200021 PM 17506688 ER PT S AU Penagarikano, O Mulle, JG Warren, ST AF Penagarikano, Olga Mulle, Jennifer G. Warren, Stephen T. TI The pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS SE Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE mental retardation; trinucleotide repeat expansion; FMR1; FMRP; synaptic plasticity; autism ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; CEREBELLAR TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; FMR1 GENE; CGG REPEAT; MESSENGER-RNAS; MOUSE MODEL; HISTONE MODIFICATIONS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AB Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. The disorder is mainly caused by the expansion of the trinucleotide sequence CGG located in the 5' UTR of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. The abnormal expansion of this triplet leads to hypermethylation and consequent silencing of the FMR1 gene. Thus, the absence of the encoded protein (FMRP) is the basis for the phenotype. FMRP is a selective RNA-binding protein that associates with polyribosomes and acts as a negative regulator of translation. FMRP appears to play an important role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the synthesis of proteins encoded by certain mRNAs localized in the dendrite. An advancing understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder has led to promising strategies for pharmacologic interventions. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Penagarikano, O (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. 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Structural and functional diversity and the broad presynaptic, postsynaptic, and nonsynaptic locations of nAChRs underlie their mainly modulatory roles throughout the mammalian brain. Presynaptic and preterminal nicotinic receptors enhance neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic nAChRs contribute a small minority of fast excitatory transmission, and nonsynaptic nAChRs modulate many neurotransmitter systems by influencing neuronal excitability. Nicotinic receptors have roles in development and synaptic plasticity, and nicotinic mechanisms participate in learning, memory, and attention. Decline, disruption, or alterations of nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms contribute to dysfunctions such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, autism, dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and addiction. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Menninger Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Program Struct & Computat Biol & Mol Biophys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Med Univ Geneva, Dept Neurosci, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Dani, JA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Menninger Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Program Struct & Computat Biol & Mol Biophys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 47 BP 699 EP 729 DI 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105214 PG 31 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 139VW UT WOS:000244461700023 PM 17009926 ER PT S AU Newschaffer, CJ Croen, LA Daniels, J Giarelli, E Grether, JK Levy, SE Mandell, DS Miller, LA Pinto-Martin, J Reaven, J Reynolds, AM Rice, CE Schendel, D Windham, GC AF Newschaffer, Craig J. Croen, Lisa A. Daniels, Julie Giarelli, Ellen Grether, Judith K. Levy, Susan E. Mandell, David S. Miller, Lisa A. Pinto-Martin, Jennifer Reaven, Judy Reynolds, Ann M. Rice, Catherine E. Schendel, Diana Windham, Gayle C. 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A number of endogenous biomarkers associated with autism risk have been investigated, and these may help identify significant biologic pathways that, in turn, will aid in the discovery of specific genes and exposures. Future epidemiologic research should focus on expanding population-based descriptive data on ASDs, exploring candidate risk factors in large well-designed studies incorporating both genetic and environmental exposure data and addressing possible etiologic heterogeneity in studies that can stratify case groups and consider alternate endophenotypes. C1 Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Rev. Public Health PY 2007 VL 28 BP 235 EP 258 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 167FL UT WOS:000246436700015 PM 17367287 ER PT J AU Boso, M Emanuele, E Politi, P Pace, A Arra, M di Nemi, SU Barale, F AF Boso, Marianna Emanuele, Enzo Politi, Pierluigi Pace, Alessandro Arra, Mariarosa di Nemi, Stelfania Ucelli Barale, Francesco TI Reduced plasma apelin levels in patients with autistic spectrum disorder SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autistic spectrum disorders; neuropeptides; vasopressin; apelin ID RATING-SCALE CARS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; VASOPRESSIN; CORTISOL; RECEPTOR; CHILDREN; BRAIN; NEUROPEPTIDES; OXYTOCIN AB Background. Dysregulation of the vasopressin (AVP) system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Apelin is a recently discovered neuropeptide that could counteract AVP actions and whose receptors are colocalized with vasopressin in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. Aims of the present study were to investigate circulating levels of apelin in patients with ASD and to assess their correlation with plasma AVP concentrations. Methods. Plasma levels of apelin and AVP were measured in a total of 18 patients with ASD and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess the severity of autistic symptoms. Results. Significantly reduced levels of apelin (p <0.001) and elevated concentrations of AVP (p = 0.02) were found in ASD patients as compared to controls. Additionally, a significant inverse correlation between apelin and AVP levels was found within the ASD group (r = -0.61; p = 0.007), but not in healthy participants (r = -0.26; p = 0.25). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that only AVP concentrations independently predicted apelin values in ASD individuals (beta = -0.42, t = 2.63, p = 0.014). No correlation was seen between apelin levels and CARS scores (r = -0.10; p = 0.68). Conclusions. Our findings of a significantly reduced peripheral level of apelin coupled with elevated AVP point to a subtle but definite vasopressinergic dysfunction in autism that could play a role in the etiopathophysiology of this disorder in humans. (C) 2007 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Pavia, Inderdepartmental Ctr Res Mol Med CIRMC, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dept Hlth Sci, Sect Psychiat, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Emanuele, E (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Inderdepartmental Ctr Res Mol Med CIRMC, Viale Taramelli 24, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. 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Med. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.08.003 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 121UL UT WOS:000243182400010 PM 17174726 ER PT J AU Levy, F AF Levy, Florence TI Theories of autism SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger's disorder; theory of mind; coherence; neural connectivity ID THEORY-OF-MIND; BASAL GANGLIA; DISORDER; LANGUAGE; EXPRESSIONS; DEFICITS; CHILDREN; EMOTION; MEMORY AB The purpose of the present paper was to review psychological theories of autism, and to integrate these theories with neurobiological findings. Cognitive, theory of mind, language and coherence theories were identified, and briefly reviewed. Psychological theories were found not to account for the rigid/repetitive behaviours universally described in autistic subjects, and underlying neurobiological systems were identified. When the developing brain encounters constrained connectivity, it evolves an abnormal organization, the features of which may be best explained by a developmental failure of neural connectivity, where high local connectivity develops in tandem with low long-range connectivity, resulting in constricted repetitive behaviours. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Prince Wales Hosp, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. RP Levy, F (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychiat, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. 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PY 2007 VL 41 IS 11 BP 859 EP 868 DI 10.1080/00048670701634937 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 237UD UT WOS:000251401000001 PM 17924239 ER PT J AU Tsakanikos, E Sturmey, P Costello, H Holt, G Bouras, N AF Tsakanikos, Elias Sturmey, Peter Costello, Helen Holt, Geraldine Bouras, Nick TI Referral trends in mental health services for adults with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE adult autism; dual diagnosis; intellectual disability; mental health services; mental retardation ID LEARNING-DISABILITY; PEOPLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; UPDATE AB Researchers have paid increasing attention to mental health issues in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) over the last decades. However, little is known about how rates of clinical referrals, types of mental health diagnoses and treatment in adults with ASDs and intellectual disability have changed. We examined patterns of change in referral trends to specialist mental health services in south London from 1983 to 2000 (N = 137). The majority of the cases (58.4%) did not have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. Schizophrenia was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis followed by depression, adjustment reaction and anxiety There was a significant change in the rate of referrals, an increase in the diagnosable psychiatric disorders over time and a significant reduction of medication at time of referral. There were no significant changes in the use of other therapeutic interventions. The proportion of participants living independently increased. Implications for services and future research are discussed. C1 Kings Coll London, London SE1 3RR, England. CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Bouras, N (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MHIiLD York Clin Guys Hosp, 47 Weston St, London SE1 3RR, England. EM nick.bouras@kcl.ac.uk RI Tsakanikos, Elias/B-4881-2011 CR BERNEY P, 2000, B J PSYCH, V176, P20 Bibby P, 2001, RES DEV DISABIL, V22, P425, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00082-8 BORTHWICKDUFFY SA, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P17, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.17 Bouras N, 2003, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V47, P439, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00514.x Bouras N, 1989, Health Trends, V21, P72 Braddock M, 2004, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V3, P1, DOI 10.1038/nrd1342 *CAL HLTH HUM SERV, 1999, CHANG POP PERS AUT P Charman T, 2004, MAPPING AUTISM RES I Deb S., 2001, PRACTICE GUIDELINES Department of Health, 2001, VAL PEOPL NEW STRAT Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 GILLBERG C, 1999, PSYCHIAT BEHAV DISOR, P73 Gillberg C, 2000, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V102, P321, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x HOWLIN P, 1997, AUTISM PREPARATION A Howlin P, 2000, AUTISM, V4, P63, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001005 Medical Research Council, 2001, REV AUT RES EP CAUS Morgan C. N., 2003, PSYCHIAT B, V27, P378, DOI 10.1192/pb.27.10.378 Noens I, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P197, DOI 10.1177/1326361304042723 O'Brien G, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P125, DOI 10.1177/1362361304042718 Rapin I, 2003, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V25, P166, DOI 10.1016/S0387-7604(02)00191-2 REISS S, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P396 Roberts J. M., 2004, REV RES IDENTIFY MOS TSAKANIKOS E, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Wing L, 2002, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V8, P151, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.10029 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1177/1362361307070987 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131OZ UT WOS:000243880900001 PM 17175570 ER PT J AU Canitano, R Vivanti, G AF Canitano, Roberto Vivanti, Giacomo TI Tics and Tourette syndrome in autism spectrum disorders SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; pervasive developmental disorders; tics; Tourette syndrome; comorbidity of autism ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; RISPERIDONE; PREVALENCE; SCALE AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are more frequently associated with tic disorders than expected by chance. Variable rates of comorbidity have been reported and common genetic and neurobiological factors are probably involved. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of tic disorders in a clinical sample (n = 105) of children and adolescents with ASDs and to describe the clinical characteristics of a group with comorbid ASDs and tics (n = 24). The overlap between tics and other repetitive movements and behaviors in ASDs was carefully assessed. Among individuals with ASDs, 22 percent presented tic disorders: 11 percent with Tourette disorder (TD), and 11 percent with chronic motor tics. All had various degrees of cognitive impairment. An association between the level of mental retardation and tic severity was found. It is concluded that the occurrence of tics in ASDs should not be overlooked and should be carefully evaluated. C1 Univ Hosp Siena, Siena, Italy. RP Canitano, R (reprint author), Gen Univ Hosp Siena, Div Child Neuropsychiat, Viale Bracci 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM r.canitano@ao-siena.toscana.it CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARABAS G, 1983, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V4, P280 Baron-Cohen S, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P1151, DOI 10.1017/S003329179900896X Baron-Cohen S, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P213 BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P162, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00006 Cheng-Shannon J, 2004, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V14, P372, DOI 10.1089/cap.2004.14.372 COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 Eapen V, 1997, J NEUROL, V244, P378, DOI 10.1007/s004150050105 Findling RL, 2004, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V65, P30 Freeman RD, 2000, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V42, P436, DOI 10.1017/S0012162200000839 Gilbert DL, 2004, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V43, P206, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000100425.25002.94 HORSNEY H, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P1035 Jankowski J, 2006, LANCET ONCOL, V7, P7, DOI 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70516-7 Kadesjo B, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P548, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200005000-00007 KANO Y, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P49 KERBESHIAN J, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P731, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.6.731 Kerbeshian J, 2003, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V12, P103, DOI 10.1007/s00787-003-0325-3 King R.A., 1999, TOURETTES SYNDROME T, P43 LECKMAN JF, 2002, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P593 LECKMAN JF, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P566, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00015 Lewis MH, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P80, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<80::AID-MRDD4>3.0.CO;2-0 MARRIAGE K, 1993, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V27, P666, DOI 10.3109/00048679309075829 MCDOUGLE CJ, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P162 Rapin I, 2001, Adv Neurol, V85, P89 REALMUTO GM, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF01538324 Mccracken JT, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1361 McCracken JT, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P314, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa013171 Ringman JM, 2000, J CHILD NEUROL, V15, P394, DOI 10.1177/088307380001500608 SCHAHILL L, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V6, P1130 Singer HS, 2003, BRAIN DEV, V25, P70 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Stern JS, 1997, NEUROL CLIN, V15, P345, DOI 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70317-0 STHAL SM, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P1267 SVERD J, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01046229 SVERD J, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P173, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390212 Turner M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P839, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099004278 WANG HS, 2003, BRAIN DEV, V25, P29 Zappella M, 2002, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V11, P18 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 47 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1177/1362361307070992 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131OZ UT WOS:000243880900002 PM 17175571 ER PT J AU Woodard, C Groden, J Goodwin, M Bodfish, J AF Woodard, Cooper Groden, June Goodwin, Matthew Bodfish, James TI A placebo double-blind pilot study of dextromethorphan for problematic behaviors in children with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; dextromethorphan; treatment ID DISORDER; ABUSE AB We used a mixed group/single-case, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ABAB design to examine the safety and efficacy of the glutamate antagonist dextromethorphan for the treatment of problematic behaviors and core symptoms in eight children diagnosed with autism. All participants had increased levels of irritability at baseline as measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, and demonstrated a wide variety of problematic behaviors. Group analyses revealed that dextromethorphan was equivalent to placebo in the treatment of problem behaviors and core symptoms. Analyses at the single-subject level demonstrated that three of the eight participants who had a behavioral profile consistent with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder responded positively to dextromethorphan. Future research that employs a larger, more homogeneous sample is necessary to replicate the findings from this study. C1 Groden Ctr, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Woodard, C (reprint author), Groden Ctr, 86 Mt Hope Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 Carlsson ML, 1998, J NEURAL TRANSM, V105, P525, DOI 10.1007/s007020050076 HINSBERGER A, 1994, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V19, P375 Liu YX, 2003, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V305, P212, DOI 10.1124/jpet.102.043166 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MCDOUGLE CJ, 2002, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, P566 National Institute of Mental Health, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P839 Palmer GC, 2001, CURR DRUG TARGETS, V2, P241, DOI 10.2174/1389450013348335 PHILIPSON L, 1999, POW ENGN SER, V6, P1 Posey DJ, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P2115, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2115 Rapoport JL, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V21, P1073 Sandler AD, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V341, P1801, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199912093412404 SANDLER AR, 2000, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V212, P347 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Schwartz RH, 2005, CLIN PEDIATR, V44, P565, DOI 10.1177/000992280504400702 WELCH L, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P118, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.1.118 Woodard C, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P515, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-5041-z NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1177/1362361307070989 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131OZ UT WOS:000243880900003 PM 17175572 ER PT J AU Bebbington, A Beecham, J AF Bebbington, Andrew Beecham, Jennifer TI Social services support and expenditure for children with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE social services expenditure; costs; service use; children in need; disabled children ID DISORDERS AB This article provides information about children with autism who are supported by English social services departments based on the Children in Need Survey 2001 (CIN2001). In 119 authorities, 63 10 children were recorded as having a diagnosis of autism or related conditions, probably about one-quarter of all children with such diagnoses and about half of those actually supported. Demographically, this group appears similar to children with autism generally: there are more boys than girls, and learning, communication and behaviour difficulties are common. CIN2001 shows that mean social services support costs tend to be quite high, particularly compared with other disabled children. There are very considerable variations between social services departments in reported numbers and spending. It is unlikely that this variation can be attributed to the prevalence of autism, and more likely that it reflects the case recognition and service provision policies of local agencies. C1 Univ Kent, Personal Social Serv Res Unit, Canterbury CT2 7NF, Kent, England. RP Beecham, J (reprint author), Univ Kent, Personal Social Serv Res Unit, Cornwallis Bldg, Canterbury CT2 7NF, Kent, England. EM J.K.Beecham@kent.ac.ak RI Beecham, Jennifer/E-7836-2010 OI Beecham, Jennifer/0000-0001-5147-3383 CR BARONCOHEN S, 1999, AUTISM, V3, P39, DOI 10.1177/1362361399003001004 BEBBINGTON A, 2003, CHILDREN NEED 2001 D Charman T, 2004, MAPPING AUTISM RES I *DEP HLTH, 2002, CHILDR NEED ENGL RES *DEP HLTH, 2001, GUID 2001 CIN SURV Department of Health/Department for Education and Skills, 2004, NAT SERV FRAM CHILDR *DETR, 1998, 1998 IND LOC DEPR SU Fombonne E, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P769, DOI 10.1017/S0033291799008508 Gillberg C, 2000, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V102, P321, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x HANSARD, 2003, PARLIAMENTARY WRITTE Jarbrink K, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P7, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005001002 Kaye JA, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P460, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460 Lingam R, 2003, ARCH DIS CHILD, V88, P666, DOI 10.1136/adc.88.8.666 *MRC, 2001, REV AUT RES EP CAUS Powell JE, 2000, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V42, P624, DOI 10.1017/S001216220000116X SCOTT FJ, 2002, AUTISM, V3, P231 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1177/1362361307070911 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131OZ UT WOS:000243880900004 PM 17175573 ER PT J AU Keen, D Rodger, S Doussin, K Braithwaite, M AF Keen, Deb Rodger, Sylvia Doussin, Kim Braithwaite, Michelle TI A pilot study of the effects of a social-pragmatic intervention on the communication and symbolic play of children with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; social communication; early family-centred intervention; social-pragmatic approach; symbolic play ID YOUNG-CHILDREN AB The acquisition of social communication skills is a major challenge faced by children with autism. This pilot study investigated the effects of the Stronger Families Project, a social-pragmatic intervention, on the communication and symbolic abilities of 16 children aged 2-4 years with autism. Standardized measures of the child's communication and symbolic behaviour were conducted by independent observers at a university clinic pre- and post-intervention, and parents were interviewed to determine the impact of variables such as maternal stress and competence on the child's social communication. Changes in some communication and symbolic behaviours occurred following the Stronger Families Project intervention according to parent report. However, improvements based on ratings by independent observers were not significant. Results are discussed in relation to the assessment of changes in the social communication and symbolic play of children with autism following intervention using clinical observation and parent report. C1 Griffith Univ, Sch Cognit Language & Special Educ, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia. Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Keen, D (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Sch Cognit Language & Special Educ, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia. EM d.keen@griffith.edu.au RI Keen, Deb/B-8998-2008; Rodger, Sylvia/F-8738-2010 CR ABIDIN RR, 1995, PARENTING STRESS American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BRETHERTON I, 1983, J CHILD LANG, V10, P293 Bruininks R. H., 1996, SIB R SCALES INDEPEN DALE PS, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P565 Dunlap G, 1999, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V24, P222, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.24.3.222 Hancock WS, 2002, J PROTEOME RES, V1, P9, DOI 10.1021/pr020360g Hwang B, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P331, DOI 10.1023/A:1005579317085 JOHNSTON C, 1989, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V18, P167, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp1802_8 Kasari C, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P447, DOI 10.1023/A:1020546006971 Koegel LK, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P383, DOI 10.1023/A:1005539220932 LINFOOT K, 1994, COMMUNICATION STRATE, P124 McConnell SR, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P351, DOI 10.1023/A:1020537805154 Prizant B., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P193 Prizant BM, 1999, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V24, P199, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.24.3.199 Prizant Barry, 1998, Seminars in Speech and Language, V19, P329, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064053 Quill K. A., 2000, DO WATCH LISTEN SAY Rodger S., 2004, AUSTR J EARLY CHILDH, V29, P34 Siller M, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P77, DOI 10.1023/A:1014884404276 Wetherby AM, 2002, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Wetherby Amy M., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P109 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1177/1362361307070901 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131OZ UT WOS:000243880900005 PM 17175574 ER PT J AU Tas, A Yagiz, R Tas, M Esme, M Uzun, C Karasalihoglu, AR AF Tas, Abdullah Yagiz, Recep Tas, Memduha Esme, Meral Uzun, Cem Karasalihoglu, Ahmet Rifat TI Evaluation of hearing in children with autism by using TEOAE and ABR SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE auditory response; autism; speech disorders; hearing disorders; otoacoustic emissions ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES; OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; EVOKED-RESPONSES; SEDATION AB Assessment of auditory abilities is important in the diagnosis and treatment of children with autism. The aim was to evaluate hearing objectively by using transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Tests were performed on 3 0 children with autism and 15 typically developing children, following otomicroscopy and tympanometry. The children with autism were sedated before the tests. Positive emissions and normal hearing level at ABR were obtained in both ears of all children in the control group and of 25 children with autism. TEOAE and ABR results varied in the remaining five children with autism. The mean III-V interpeak latencies (IPLs) in both ears of children with autism were longer than those in the control group. Hearing loss may be more common in children with autism than in typically developing children. C1 Trakya Univ, Fac Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, TR-22030 Edirne, Turkey. RP Tas, A (reprint author), Trakya Univ, Fac Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, TR-22030 Edirne, Turkey. 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The participants in the present study were children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) (N = 13), and a matched group of typically developing children and adolescents (N = 13). The results showed that the participants in the clinical group performed marginally less well than those in the control group on both the Block Design Test and the Embedded Figures Test, but the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, earlier findings suggesting that individuals with autism spectrum disorders solve non-social cognitive tasks faster than typically developing control persons were not replicated. The results are discussed with special reference to the hypothesis of weak central coherence. C1 Hogskolen Lillehammer, Lillehammer, Norway. RP Kaland, N (reprint author), Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Social Sci, Gudbrandsdalsregen 350, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway. 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The etiologies of ASD are unknown, likely to be the result of a variety of numerous genetic, neurological, environmental, and immunological interactions that lead to a general behavioral phenotype defined as ASD. This review will focus on the various immune system anomalies, in particular, autoantibodies, which have been reported in subjects with ASD. In addition, we will discuss recent studies performed by our group concerning the presence of autoantibodies directed against neural antigens, which are observed in patients with ASD. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP de Water, JV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, 451 E Hlth Sci Dr,Suite 6510 GBSF, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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PY 2007 VL 1107 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1196/annals.1381.009 PG 13 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGO38 UT WOS:000248944300009 PM 17804535 ER PT S AU Cabanlit, M Wills, S Goines, P Ashwood, P de Water, JV AF Cabanlit, Maricel Wills, Sharifia Goines, Paula Ashwood, Paul de Water, Judy Van BE Shoenfeld, Y Gershwin, ME TI Brain-specific in the plasma Autoantibodies of subjects with autistic spectrum disorder SO AUTOIMMUNITY, PT C: THE MOSAIC OF AUTOIMMUNITY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Congress on Autoimmunity CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2006 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE autism; autoantibodies; human brain; hypothalamus; thalamus ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; CHILDREN; ANTIBODIES; CELL; ACTIVATION AB Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of behavioral parameters, several studies have reported immune system abnormalities and suggest the possible role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of ASD. In this study we sought to assess the incidence of brain-specific autoantibodies in the plasma of children with autism (AU) compared to age-matched controls including, siblings without ASD, typically developing (TD) controls, and children with other developmental disabilities, but not autism (DD). Plasma from 172 individuals (AU, n = 63, median age: 43 months; TD controls, n = 63, median age: 48 months; siblings, n = 25, median age: 61 months; and DD controls, n = 21, median age: 38 months) was analyzed by Western blot for the presence of IgG antibodies against protein extracts from specific regions of the human adult brain including the hypothalamus and thalamus. The presence of a similar to 52 kDa MW band, in the plasma of subjects with AU, was detected with a significantly higher incidence when compared to plasma from TD controls (29% vs. 8%, P = 0.0027 and 30% vs. 11%, P = 0.01, in the thalamus and hypothalamus, respectively). Reactivity to three brain proteins (42-48 kDa MW), in particular in the hypothalamus, were observed with increased incidence in 37% of subjects with AU compared to 13% TD controls (P = 0.004). Multiple brain-specific autoantibodies are present at significantly higher frequency in children with AU. While the potential role of these autoantibodies in AU is currently unknown, their presence suggests a loss of self-tolerance to one or more neural antigens during early childhood. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP de Water, JV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, 451 E Hlth Sci Dr,Suite 6510 GBSF, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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Servatius, Richard Beck, Kevin Marzouk, Atara Kreider, Tim BE Shoenfeld, Y Gershwin, ME TI Cytokine levels during pregnancy influence immunological profiles and Neurobehavioral patterns of the offspring SO AUTOIMMUNITY, PT C: THE MOSAIC OF AUTOIMMUNITY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Congress on Autoimmunity CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2006 CL Sorrento, ITALY DE autism; animal models; cytokine dysregulation; TH1/TH2 balance; IL-2; behavioral abnormalities ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FETAL-BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; B-CELL LYMPHOMAS; INTERLEUKIN-2; DOPAMINE; SYSTEM; MICE; RAT; ACTIVATION; INFECTION AB The underlying causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are unknown, but clinical and experimental studies indicate immune mechanisms, in general, and cytokine dysregulation, in particular, as contributing factors in their etiology. We developed a prenatal mouse model of autism to demonstrate that circulating levels of defined cytokines in pregnant dams could influence fetal development and behavioral characteristics in their offspring. We administered daily injections of murine IL-2 (0.4 mu g in phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) to pregnant mice during mid-gestation, and analyzed their offspring (IL-2 pups) in comparison to offspring of pregnant mice injected with vehicle only (PBS pups). Significant levels of IL-2 were present in amniotic fluid and tissues from embryos of dams given radiolabeled IL-2, indicating that the injected IL-2 crossed the placenta and entered the fetuses. Lymphocytes from IL-2 pups demonstrated accelerated T cell development, with a skewing toward TH1 cell differentiation. IL-2 pups also showed in vitro proliferative and cytotoxicity responses that were significantly higher than control PBS pups when stimulated with syngeneic B lymphoma cells or allogencic spleen cells. In addition to their previously shown increases in open-field activity, grooming and rearing behavior, offspring of IL2-injected (vs. PBS-injected) dams also displayed abnormal new motor learning as assessed through acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response. These results suggest that increases in maternal levels of IL-2 during pregnancy induce in their offspring long-lasting increased vulnerability to neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with autism, and provide a valid animal model to determine the underlying immunological mechanisms. C1 UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Ponzio, NM (reprint author), UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. 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PY 2007 VL 1107 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1196/annals.1381.013 PG 11 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGO38 UT WOS:000248944300013 PM 17804539 ER PT J AU Hayes, LJ Delgado, D AF Hayes, Linda J. Delgado, Diana TI Invited commentary on animal models in psychiatry: Animal models of non-conventional human behavior SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE verbal behavior; linguistic behavior; animal models; human disorders; psychological events; murine models; conventional behavior ID OXYTOCIN; AUTISM; RATS AB Conventional behavior, of which linguistic behavior is the principal variety, is identified as responses having formal properties that are not determined by the natural properties of stimulus objects, but instead by properties attributed to those objects under the auspices of particular groups. Given the ubiquity of this type of behavior in the repertoires of human beings and its complete absence in those of non-humans, the argument is made that animal models of human disorders, in which disturbances of conventional behaviors constitute defining features, are not sufficiently analogous to these conditions in humans to be pursued with good result. Because conventional behavior of the linguistic type is ubiquitous in the repertoires of normally developed human adults, it is suggested that the behavior of pre-verbal infants and/or non-verbal persons is preferable to that of adults as the phenomenal source for the construction of animal models of human psychological events. 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It is argued that endophenotype research holds considerable promise for the study of gene-brain/cognition-behaviour pathways for developmental disorders. This paper outlines the criteria for determining useful endophenotypes. Possible endophenotypes for autism are discussed as an example of an area where endophenotype research on developmental disorders may be fruitful. It is concluded that although the endophenotype approach holds promise for the study of gene-brain/cognition-behaviour pathways, much work remains to be done in order to validate endophenotype measures. It is also noted that the changing nature of any developmental psychopathology poses a particular challenge to this type of research. C1 UCL, Dept Psychol, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 3AR, England. RP Viding, E (reprint author), UCL, Dept Psychol, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. 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TI Animal models relevant to schizophrenia and autism: Validity and limitations SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS LA English DT Review DE psychiatry; autism; schizophrenia; animal models; neurobiological similarity; behavioral similarity; genetics; brain ID SENSORIMOTOR GATING ABNORMALITIES; ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; HOXA1 A218G POLYMORPHISM; LATENT INHIBITION MODEL; PLASMA BETA-ENDORPHIN; LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS; DOWN-SYNDROME AB Development of animal models is a crucial issue in biological psychiatry. Animal models provide the opportunity to decipher the relationships between the nervous system and behavior and they are an obligatory step for drug tests. Mouse models or rat models to a lesser extent could help to test for the implication of a gene using gene targeting or transfecting technologies. One of the main problem for the development of animal models is to define a marker of the psychiatric disorder. Several markers have been suggested for schizophrenia and autism, but for the moment no markers or etiopathogenic mechanisms have been identified for these disorders. We examined here animal models related to schizophrenia and autism and discussed their validity and limitations after first defining these two disorders and considering their similarities and differences. Animal models reviewed in this article test mainly behavioral dimensions or biological mechanisms related to autistic disorder or schizophrenia rather than providing specific categorical models of autism or schizophrenia. Furthermore, most of these studies focus on a behavioral dimension associated with an underlying biological mechanism, which does not correspond to the complexity of mental disorders. It could be useful to develop animal models relevant to schizophrenia or autism to test a behavioral profile associated with a biological profile. A multi-trait approach seems necessary to better understand multidimensional disorders such as schizophrenia and autism and their biological and clinical heterogeneity. Finally, animal models can help us to clarify complex mechanisms and to study relationships between biological and behavioral variables and their interactions with environmental factors. The main interest of animal models is to generate new pertinent hypotheses relevant to humans opening the path to innovative research. C1 Univ Rennes 1, Serv Hosp Univ Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, F-35200 Rennes, France. Ctr Hosp Guillaume Regnier, Serv Hosp Univ Psychiat Adultes, F-35200 Rennes, France. Univ Paris 05, CNRS, Lab Psychol Percept, FRE 2929, F-75270 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, AP HP, CNRS, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat,FRE 2987,GH Piti, Paris, France. NIMH, Lab Neurotoxicol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Mediterranee, Lab Plast & Physiopathol Motr, CNRS, UMR 6196, Marseille, France. 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Genet. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s10519-006-9120-5 PG 18 WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology GA 126ZK UT WOS:000243554100006 PM 17160702 ER PT J AU Anderson, A Moore, D Bourne, T AF Anderson, Angelika Moore, Dennis Bourne, Therese TI Functional communication and other concomitant behaviour change following PECS training: A case study SO BEHAVIOUR CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM PECS; CHILDREN AB The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is widely used to teach children with language delays, including those with autism, functional language. A feature of PECS is that it incorporates principles deemed by some to be pivotal, leading to broader behaviour change. In this study, a 6-year-old child with autism was taught functional language using PECS. Along with measures of language gains, concomitant changes in nontargeted behaviours (play and TV viewing) following PECS training were observed. Results show increases in manding, initiations and cumulative word counts, as well as positive changes in the nontargeted behaviours. C1 Monash Univ, Fac Educ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. IDEA Specialist Serv, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Anderson, A (reprint author), Monash Univ, Fac Educ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Angelika.Anderson@education.monash.edu.au CR Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301 Charlop-Christy MH, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P213, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-213 Dunn L. 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Willer, Barry TI Overview of impaired facial affect recognition in persons with traumatic brain injury SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Review DE brain injury; emotion; cognitive rehabilitation ID FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; HUMAN NEURAL SYSTEM; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; EMOTION RECOGNITION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACE PERCEPTION; HEAD-INJURY; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; SOCIAL INFORMATION; SPECTRUM DISORDER AB Primary objective: To review the literature of affect recognition for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is suggested that impairment of affect recognition could be a significant problem for the TBI population and treatment strategies are recommended based on research for persons with autism. Main outcomes and results: Research demonstrates that persons with TBI often have difficulty determining emotion from facial expressions. Studies show that poor interpersonal skills, which are associated with impaired affect recognition, are linked to a variety of negative outcomes. Theories suggest that facial affect recognition is achieved by interpreting important facial features and processing one's own emotions. These skills are often affected by TBI, depending on the areas damaged. Affect recognition impairments have also been identified in persons with autism. Successful interventions have already been developed for the autism population. Comparable neuroanatomical and behavioural findings between TBI and autism suggest that treatment approaches for autism may also benefit those with TBI. Conclusions: Impaired facial affect recognition appears to be a significant problem for persons with TBI. Theories of affect recognition, strategies used in autism and teaching techniques commonly used in TBI need to be considered when developing treatments to improve affect recognition in persons with brain injury. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Rehabil Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. 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PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.1080/02699050701504281 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 202YZ UT WOS:000248942400002 PM 17676438 ER PT J AU Bremer, A Anderlid, BM Brondum-Nielsen, K Dahl, N Barbaro, M Mansouri, M Nordenskjold, M Giacobini, M Schoumans, J AF Bremer, Anna Anderlid, Britt Marie Brondum-Nielsen, Karen Dahl, Niklas Barbaro, Michela Mansouri, Mahmoud Nordenskjold, Magnus Giacobini, MaiBritt Schoumans, Jacqueline TI Screening for gene dose imbalances of autism candidate genes in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using two-color MLPA SO CELLULAR ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1st Marie Curie-Genome Architecture in Relation to Disease Meeting (MC-GARD) CY MAY 03-05, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP ENZO, TECAN, Affymetrix UK Ltd, BlueGnome Ltd, DNA Genotek, Illumina, Invitrogen, Mol Devices, NimbleGen Syst Inc, Roche, KREATECH Biotechnol HO VU Univ Med Ctr C1 Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden. EM anna.bremer@ki.se; jacqueline.schoumans@ki.se CR Bacchelli E, 2006, AM J MED GENET C, V142C, P13, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30078 Jacquemont ML, 2006, J MED GENET, V43, P843, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2006.043166 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-5870 J9 CELL ONCOL JI Cell. Oncol. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Oncology; Cell Biology; Pathology SC Oncology; Cell Biology; Pathology GA 193JO UT WOS:000248270500058 ER PT J AU Timmann, D Daum, I AF Timmann, Dagmar Daum, Irene TI Cerebellar contributions to cognitive functions: A progress report after two decades of research SO CEREBELLUM LA English DT Editorial Material DE non-motor function; cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome; executive function; working memory; psychiatric disorders AB Accumulating evidence from both human lesion and functional neuroimaging studies appears to support the hypothesis that the cerebellum contributes to non-motor functions. Along similar lines, cognitive, affective and behavioural changes in psychiatric disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and dyslexia, have been linked to structural cerebellar abnormalities. The aim of this special issue was to evaluate the current knowledge base after more than 20 years of controversial discussion. The contributions of the special issue cover the most important cognitive domains, i.e., attention, memory and learning, executive control, language and visuospatial function. The available empirical evidence suggests that cognitive changes in patients with cerebellar dysfunction are mild and clearly less severe than the impairments observed after lesions to neocortical areas to which the cerebellum is closely connected via different cerebro-cerebellar loops. Frequently cited early findings, e. g., with respect to a specific cerebellar involvement in attention, have not been replicated or might be confounded by motor or working memory demands of the respective attention task. On the other hand, there is now convincing evidence for a cerebellar involvement in the mediation of a range of cognitive domains, most notably verbal working memory. Verbal working memory problems may partly underlie the compromised performance of cerebellar lesion patients on at least some complex cognitive tasks. Although investigations have moved from anecdotical case reports to hypothesis-driven controlled clinical group studies based on sound methods which are complemented by state-of-the-art functional neuroimaging studies, the empirical evidence available so far does not yet allow a convincing theory of the mechanisms of a cerebellar involvement in cognitive function. Future studies are clearly needed to further elucidate the nature of the processes linked to cerebellar mediation of cognitive processes and their possible link to motor theories of cerebellar function, e. g., its role in prediction and/or timing. C1 Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Dept Neurol, D-45138 Essen, Germany. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Neuropsychol, Inst Cognit Neurosci, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. RP Timmann, D (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Dept Neurol, Hufelandstr 55, D-45138 Essen, Germany. 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Bastian, Amy J. TI 'Motor cognition' - what is it and is the cerebellum involved? SO CEREBELLUM LA English DT Article DE movement; prediction; autism; schizophrenia ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; AUTISM; ADAPTATION; IMITATION; BRAIN; CANCELLATION; DYSFUNCTION; PERCEPTION; DISORDERS AB Motor cognition encompasses how we understand our own movement, and how movement helps us to understand the world. Here, the role of the cerebellum is discussed in two processes that could be considered aspects of motor cognition: predicting movement outcomes and understanding the meaning of movements. Recent behavioral, anatomical, and neurophysiological findings related to these processes are discussed. There are data to support a cerebellar role in predicting movement outcomes, which could be used both for motor control and for distinguishing sensory inputs due to our own movements from external influences. 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Weilburg, Jeffrey B. Sherman, Janet C. TI The neuropsychiatry of the cerebellum - insights from the clinic SO CEREBELLUM LA English DT Review DE cognition; emotion; dysmetria; imaging; anatomy ID COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE SYNDROME; POSTERIOR-FOSSA TUMORS; ATAXIA RATING-SCALE; RHESUS-MONKEY; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; PATHOLOGICAL LAUGHTER; CHILDREN; BRAIN; VERMIS; AUTISM AB A central aspect of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome is the dysregulation of affect that occurs when lesions involve the `limbic cerebellum' ( vermis and fastigial nucleus). In this case series we describe neuropsychiatric disturbances in adults and children with congenital lesions including cerebellar agenesis, dysplasia, and hypoplasia, and acquired conditions including cerebellar stroke, tumor, cerebellitis, trauma, and neurodegenerative disorders. The behaviors that we witnessed and that were described by patients and families included distractibility and hyperactivity, impulsiveness, disinhibition, anxiety, ritualistic and stereotypical behaviors, illogical thought and lack of empathy, as well as aggression and irritability. Ruminative and obsessive behaviors, dysphoria and depression, tactile defensiveness and sensory overload, apathy, childlike behavior, and inability to appreciate social boundaries and assign ulterior motives were also evident. We grouped these disparate neurobehavioral profiles into five major domains, characterized broadly as disorders of attentional control, emotional control, and social skill set as well as autism spectrum disorders, and psychosis spectrum disorders. Drawing on our dysmetria of thought hypothesis, we conceptualized the symptom complexes within each putative domain as reflecting either exaggeration ( overshoot, hypermetria) or diminution ( hypotonia, or hypometria) of responses to the internal or external environment. Some patients fluctuated between these two states. We consider the implications of these neurobehavioral observations for the care of patients with ataxia, discuss the broader role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of these neuropsychiatric symptoms, and revisit the possibility of using cerebellar stimulation to treat psychiatric disorders by enhancing cerebellar modulation of cognition and emotion. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Schmahmann, JD (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Charles River Plaza S,Suite 340,15 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 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Miall, R. C. TI The cerebellum and motor dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders SO CEREBELLUM LA English DT Review DE movement; cognitive; imaging; psychiatric ID NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE SYNDROME; HAND TRACKING MOVEMENTS; GRIP FORCE ADJUSTMENTS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; SHIFTING ATTENTION AB The cerebellum is densely interconnected with sensory-motor areas of the cerebral cortex, and in man, the great expansion of the association areas of cerebral cortex is also paralleled by an expansion of the lateral cerebellar hemispheres. It is therefore likely that these circuits contribute to non-motor cognitive functions, but this is still a controversial issue. One approach is to examine evidence from neuropsychiatric disorders of cerebellar involvement. 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Maschke, M. Timmann, D. TI Cerebellum and cognition - viewed from philosophy of mind SO CEREBELLUM LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; cognition; philosophy of mind ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; DYSMETRIA; ABNORMALITIES; DISORDERS; CIRCUITRY; MOVEMENT; PRIMATE; THOUGHT; AUTISM; CORTEX AB Traditionally, it is believed, that the primary function of the cerebellum is to coordinate movement. During the past three decades, it has been controversially discussed, whether the cerebellum may also contribute to cognition and mental states like emotions. In this paper, no position relating to this controversy will be taken. Instead, the hypothesis of non-motor functions of the cerebellum will be viewed from the position of the philosophy of mind. The remarkably uniform microscopic structure and neuronal networks of the cerebellum have led to computer analogies by several authors. The main idea of functionalism, i.e., a theory within the philosophy of mind, is that the mental relates to the physical as computer software does to hardware. This raises the question, whether a cerebellar contribution to cognition and mental states would support functionalism in the philosophy of mind. No support of functionalism could be found in this study, investigating the classical philosophical arguments pro and con functionalism such as those of multiple realizability, the Chinese room and the explanatory gap, while taking the results of cerebellar research into account. On the other hand, philosophical reflection suggests a careful use of the phrases "cognitive dysmetria" (Andreasen et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:9985-90) in the context of mental illness and of "dysmetria of thought" (Schmahmann Arch Neurol. 1991;48:1178-87). According to the argument of the explanatory gap there is at present little support for the assumption that the phenomenal experiencing of an altered emotion can be reduced to the dysmetria of movement. C1 [Frings, M.; Maschke, M.; Timmann, D.] Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Dept Neurol, D-45122 Essen, Germany. RP Frings, M (reprint author), Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Dept Neurol, Hufelandstr 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany. 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It is characterized first of all by the disharmonic personality development with prevailing disturbance in the area of social relations and communication. In spite of the children autism, normal, sometimes even above-average intelligence and pod speech development is connected with this disturbance. However, children with AS usually have very specific, stereotype interests and skills. AS expresses it and uses to be diagnosed later than child autism, its identification and diagnostics is more complicated. It requires as well as autism the special care and special educational and instructional approaches. It is often associated with other neuro-developmental disturbances, less often it is accompanied by epilepsy. It is still very little Understood in the society and is usually mistaken for whole rank of other disturbances. In the paper the attention is given to the development or views on etiology of this disturbance, psychological interpretation of difficulties, behavioral abnormities as well as to diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. C1 LF MU, Klin Detske Neurol, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. FN Brno, Detska Nemocnice, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. RP Makovska, Z (reprint author), LF MU, Klin Detske Neurol, Cernopolni 9, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. 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PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 198 EP 203 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 176JY UT WOS:000247082300009 ER PT J AU Martin, A Bloch, M Pruett, K Stubbe, D Belitsky, R Ebert, M Leckman, JF AF Martin, Andres Bloch, Michael Pruett, Kyle Stubbe, Dorothy Belitsky, Richard Ebert, Michael Leckman, James F. TI From too little too late to early and often: Child psychiatry education during medical school (and before and after) SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; AUTISM; ZIPRASIDONE; DISORDERS; RESTRAINT; SECLUSION; GENETICS; SURVIVAL AB In this article we propose developmentally informed remedies to the challenges that face research training. The initiatives described in it have been implemented to various degrees at our institution, and several are already being replicated or expanded through strategic partnerships across the country. We are fortunate to work in an environment in which child and adolescent psychiatry is visible and well represented, but we are aware that many of the settings in which education and recruitment needs are most pressing may not have the range of our resources. We view our different programs as seamlessly interconnected with one another but present them as separate entities to facilitate the incorporation of different components into local realities. C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Martin, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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Psychiatr. N. Am. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 17 EP + DI 10.1016/j.chc.2006.07.005 PG 29 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 119ML UT WOS:000243016300004 PM 17141116 ER PT J AU James, DM Stojanovik, V AF James, D. M. Stojanovik, V. TI Communication skills in blind children: a preliminary investigation SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE blindness; communication skills; paediatric; pragmatics; speech and language therapy ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; CONGENITAL BLINDNESS; INSIGHTS; AUTISM AB Background There are anecdotal reports that blind children sometimes use language inappropriately, but there has been no recent systematic investigation of the communication skills of children with congenital blindness. The aim of the present study was to conduct a preliminary investigation of the communication skills of a group of children with congenital blindness. Methods The parents of eight congenitally blind children completed the Children's Communication Checklist-2. Results The checklist ratings showed that the communication profiles of a large proportion of the group warranted clinical investigation or were indicative of a communication disorder. Conclusions The results from this preliminary investigation support the need for a larger study on the communication skills of children with congenital blindness. C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Educ Commun & Language Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Reading, Sch Linguist & Appl Language Studies, Reading, Berks, England. RP James, DM (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Educ Commun & Language Sci, King George VI Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM d.m.james@ncl.ac.uk RI James, Deborah/E-5001-2010 CR BECKERBRYANT J, 2001, DEV LANGUAGE, P213 Bishop D. V. 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PD JAN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00621.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Pediatrics GA 130UB UT WOS:000243823400002 PM 17181747 ER PT J AU Van Hecke, AV Mundy, PC Acra, CF Block, JJ Delgado, CEF Parlade, MV Meyer, JA Neal, AR Pomares, YB AF Van Hecke, Amy Vaughan Mundy, Peter C. Acra, C. Francoise Block, Jessica J. Delgado, Christine E. F. Parlade, Meaghan V. Meyer, Jessica A. Neal, A. Rebecca Pomares, Yuly B. TI Infant joint attention, temperament, and social competence in preschool children SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SELF-REGULATION; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; CHILDHOOD; SKILLS AB Infant joint attention has been observed to be related to social-emotional outcomes in at-risk children. To address whether this relation is also evident in typically developing children, 52 children were tested at 12, 15, 24, and 30 months to examine associations between infant joint attention and social outcomes. Twelve-month initiating and responding to joint attention were related to 30-month social competence and externalizing behavior, even when accounting for 15-month temperament ratings, 24-month cognition and language, and demographic variables. These results suggest that, in addition to associations with language and cognition, infant joint attention reflects robust aspects of development that are related to individual differences in the emergence of social and behavioral competence in childhood. C1 Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Miami Dade Coll, Miami, FL USA. RP Van Hecke, AV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, 1747 W roosevelt Rd,Room 155, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. EM amyvanhecke@yahoo.com CR Acra C. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 PG 17 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 140PJ UT WOS:000244517400004 ER PT J AU Klein-Tasman, BP Mervis, CB Lord, C Phillips, KD AF Klein-Tasman, Bonita P. Mervis, Carolyn B. Lord, Catherine Phillips, Kristin D. TI Socio-communicative deficits in young children with williams syndrome: Performance on the autism diagnostic observation schedule SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; DOWN-SYNDROME; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; TRANSLOCATION BREAKPOINT; BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SPECTRUM DISORDER AB In this investigation, the socio-communicative skills of 29 children with Williams syndrome aged 2 (1)/(2) to 5 (1)/(2) years were examined using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 1. Most of the participants showed socio- communicative difficulties. Approximately half of the participants were classified by the ADOS algorithm as " autism spectrum." Three participants were classified " autism." Difficulties with pointing, gestures, giving, showing, and eye contact were present for more than half of the participants, with many also showing difficulties with initiation and response to joint attention and with integration of gaze with other behaviors. Expressive and receptive language abilities of the children with Williams syndrome classified " autism spectrum" were weaker than for children classified nonspectrum, but expressive and receptive language level did not account for the socio- communicative difficulties. Implications for our understanding of the socio-communicative abilities of young children with Williams syndrome and diagnostic practices regarding dual diagnosis are discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 444 EP 467 DI 10.1080/09297040601033680 PG 24 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 223CX UT WOS:000250348300004 PM 17805996 ER PT J AU Vorsanova, S Iourov, I Demidova, I Beresheva, A Kravetz, V Kolotii, A Kurinnaya, O Voinova-Ulas, V Gorbachevskaya, N Yurov, Y AF Vorsanova, S. Iourov, I. Demidova, I. Beresheva, A. Kravetz, V. Kolotii, A. Kurinnaya, O. Voinova-Ulas, V. Gorbachevskaya, N. Yurov, Y. TI Idiopathic autism is frequently associated with low-grade chromosomal mosaicism SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th European Cytogenetics Conference CY JUL 07-10, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, Natl Res Ctr Mental Hlth, Inst Pediat & Children Surg, Moscow 109801, Russia. RI Iourov, Ivan/O-7684-2014 OI Iourov, Ivan/0000-0002-4134-8367 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PY 2007 VL 15 SU 1 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 201VD UT WOS:000248859800057 ER PT J AU Anne, M Chantal, M Armand, B Chabrol, B Claude, LJ Laurent, V Nicole, P AF Anne, Moncla Chantal, Missirian Armand, Bottani Chabrol, B. Claude, Lambert Jean Laurent, Villard Nicole, Philip TI Delineation of a new syndromic form of autism reminiscent of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome and identification of a locus at 18q21.2-q22.1 SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th European Cytogenetics Conference CY JUL 07-10, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY C1 Hop Enfants La Timone, Serv Neuropediat, Marseille, France. Serv Genet, Dept Med Genet, Geneva, Switzerland. Serv Genet Med, Nice, France. Fac Med Marseille, INSERM, Unite Rech, F-13385 Marseille, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PY 2007 VL 15 SU 1 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 201VD UT WOS:000248859800335 ER PT J AU Lorusso, ML Galli, R Libera, L Gagliardi, C Borgatti, R Hollebrandse, B AF Lorusso, M. L. Galli, R. Libera, L. Gagliardi, C. Borgatti, R. Hollebrandse, B. TI Indicators of theory of mind in narrative production: a comparison between individuals with genetic syndromes and typically developing children SO CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS LA English DT Article DE theory of mind; narrative abilities; Cornelia de Lange syndrome; Down syndrome; Williams syndrome ID BRACHMANN-DELANGE SYNDROME; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; FALSE BELIEF; LINGUISTIC ABILITIES; TASK-PERFORMANCE; ITALIAN CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; AUTISM; IMPAIRMENT; DISORDERS AB It is a matter of debate whether the development of theory of mind (ToM) depends on linguistic development or is, rather, an expression of cognitive development. The study of genetic syndromes, which are characterized by intellectual impairment as well as by different linguistic profiles, may provide useful information with respect to this issue. The present study compares indicators of ToM in the narrative production of individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Down syndrome, Williams syndrome and typically developing children, matched on sex and mental age. Statistical comparisons of data obtained from a qualitative analysis of the narrative production of the different groups confirm the presence of distinctive patterns, mainly related to the effective use of personal pronouns. The analysis of correlations among story-telling variables and other cognitive and linguistic variables suggests that the relationship between language development, cognitive development, and the emergence of ToM cannot be reduced to unidirectional causal links. C1 Sci Inst E Medea, IRCCS, I-23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy. Univ Groningen, Dept Linguist, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. RP Lorusso, ML (reprint author), Sci Inst E Medea, IRCCS, I-23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy. EM mlmsa@bp.lnf.it CR Astington J. 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Linguist. Phon. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1080/02699200600565871 PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 138EJ UT WOS:000244345600004 PM 17364616 ER PT J AU Seung, HK AF Seung, Hye Kyeung TI Linguistic characteristics of individuals with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome SO CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS LA English DT Article DE high functioning autism; Asperger syndrome; linguistic characteristics; young adults ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; FIELD TRIAL; DSM-IV; CHILDREN AB This study examined the linguistic characteristics of high functioning individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. Each group consisted of 10 participants who were matched on sex, chronological age, and intelligence scores. Participants generated a narrative after watching a brief video segment of the Social Attribution Task video. Each participant was then asked 10 questions related to the stimulus video. The narrative samples and responses to the questions were analysed linguistically. Individuals with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome performed similarly on most measures of language function; however, results suggest there may be pragmatically-based differences between the groups in the use of verb tense markers. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Human Commun Studies, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Seung, HK (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Human Commun Studies, POB 6868, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM hseung@exchange.fullerton.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baltaxe Christiane A. M., 1995, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V20, P79 Baltaxe CAM, 1996, EUR J DISORDER COMM, V31, P245 Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS Bishop DVM, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P917, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00114 Cohen D. 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TI Getting inside the world of autism: Implications of social cognitive problem-solving skills on aggressive behavior SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 418 EP 418 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 158HA UT WOS:000245781200075 ER PT J AU Pandi-Perumal, SR Srinivasan, V Spence, DW Cardinali, DP AF Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R. Srinivasan, Venkatramanujan Spence, D. Warren Cardinali, Daniel P. TI Role of the melatonin system in the control of sleep - Therapeutic implications SO CNS DRUGS LA English DT Review ID MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; CHRONIC PRIMARY INSOMNIA; SUPRACHIASMATIC CIRCADIAN CLOCK; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED-RELEASE MELATONIN; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; SMITH-MAGENIS-SYNDROME; NIGHT-SHIFT WORKERS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C AB The circadian rhythm of pineal melatonin secretion, which is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is reflective of mechanisms that are involved in the control of the sleep/wake cycle. Melatonin can influence sleep-promoting and sleep/wake rhythm-regulating actions through the specific activation of MT(1) (melatonin la) and MT(2) (melatonin 1b) receptors, the two major melatonin receptor subtypes found in mammals. Both receptors are highly concentrated in the SCN. In diurnal animals, exogenous melatonin induces sleep over a wide range of doses. In healthy humans, melatonin also induces sleep, although its maximum hypnotic effectiveness, as shown by studies of the timing of dose administration, is influenced by the circadian phase. In both young and elderly individuals with primary insomnia, nocturnal plasma melatonin levels tend to be lower than those in healthy controls. There are data indicating that, in affected individuals, melatonin therapy may be beneficial for ameliorating insomnia symptoms. Melatonin has been successfully used to treat insomnia in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism, as well as in other neurodevelopmental disorders in which sleep disturbance is commonly reported. In circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as delayed sleep-phase syndrome, melatonin can significantly advance the phase of the sleep/wake rhythm. Similarly, among shift workers or individuals experiencing jet lag, melatonin is beneficial for promoting adjustment to work schedules and improving sleep quality. 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S. Aref-Adib, M. Coren, E. TI Risperidone for autism spectrum disorder SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PEDIATRIC PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RESEARCH UNITS AB Background Autistic spectrum disorder encompasses a wide variety of behavioural and communicative problems. Both the core features and non-core features of autism have been targeted in a variety of therapies. Atypical antipsychotic medications, including risperidone, have been used for symptom and behaviour improvement and have shown beneficial outcomes, particularly in certain aspects of the disorder. However, given the nature of the condition presenting in young patients, the risks of these potentially long term therapies must be weighed against the benefits. Objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of risperidone for people with autism spectrum disorder. Search strategy Electronic databases: CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) 2006 (Issue 3); MEDLINE (1966 to April 2006); EMBASE (1980 to April 2006); PsycINFO (1887 to April 2006); CINAHL (1982 to April 2006); LILACS (1982 to April 2006); Clinicaltrials.gov (USA) accessed April 2006); ZETOC (1993 to April 2006); National Research Register (NRR) (UK) 2006 ( Issue 1) were searched. In addition further data were retrieved through contact with pharmaceutical companies and authors of published trials. Selection criteria All randomised controlled trials of risperidone versus placebo for patients with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. All trials had to have at least one standardised outcome measure used for both intervention and control group. Data collection and analysis Data were independently evaluated and analysed by the reviewers. Data were evaluated at the end of each randomised controlled trial. Unpublished data were also considered and analysed. Main results Only three randomised controlled trials were identified. Meta-analysis was possible for three outcomes. Some evidence of the benefits of risperidone in irritability, repetition and social withdrawal were apparent. These must however be considered against the adverse effects, the most prominent being weight gain. Authors' conclusions Risperidone can be beneficial in some features of autism. However there are limited data available from studies with small sample sizes. In addition, there lacks a single standardised outcome measure allowing adequate comparison of studies, and long-term followup is also lacking. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy pf risperidone in clinical practice. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Policy Studies, CDPLPG, Bristol BS8 1TZ, Avon, England. RP Jesner, OS (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Policy Studies, CDPLPG, 8 Priory Rd, Bristol BS8 1TZ, Avon, England. 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PY 2007 IS 1 AR CD005040 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD005040.pub2 PG 24 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 129RS UT WOS:000243747900059 PM 17253538 ER PT J AU Kennedy, E Kumar, A Datta, SS AF Kennedy, E. Kumar, A. Datta, S. S. TI Antipsychotic medication for childhood-onset schizophrenia SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-BLIND; RANDOMIZED TRIALS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; STATISTICS NOTES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CHILDREN; HALOPERIDOL; CLOZAPINE; OLANZAPINE; ADOLESCENTS AB Background Childhood-onset schizophrenia is schizophrenia with onset prior to the age of 13 years. Although it is rare, people who suffer from schizophrenia at an early age appear to have a clinically severe form of the illness with poor long-term prognosis. Antipsychotic medication is one way of managing this rare but serious mental illness. Objectives To examine the effects of antipsychotic medication for childhood-onset schizophrenia. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2006 and February 2007), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies and authors of trials for additional information. Selection criteria We included all randomised clinical trials involving children and young people with a diagnosis of childhood onset schizophrenia (i.e. with a diagnosis of schizophrenia before the age of 13) comparing any antipsychotic drug with another antipsychotic or placebo. Data collection and analysis We reliably selected, quality assessed and extracted data from trials. We excluded data where more than 50% of participants in any group were lost to follow up. For homogenous dichotomous data we calculated random effects, relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) and, where appropriate, number needed to treat (NNT) on an intention-to-treat basis. For normal continuous data we calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD). Main results From a total of 2062 citations, we identified six relevant trials. We categorised trials into three comparisons: atypical versus typical, atypical versus atypical and typical versus typical antipsychotic drugs. The only comparison to find any differences between treatment groups was atypical versus typical antipsychotic drugs. A few results from one study favoured the atypical antipsychotic clozapine over haloperidol in treating treatment resistant childhood-onset schizophrenia (n=21, WMD CGAS 17.00 Cl 7.74 to 26.26; n=21, WMD Bunney-Hamburg Psychosis Rating Scale -3.60 Cl -6.64 to -0-56). Participants on clozapine, however, were three times more likely to have drowsiness (I RCT, n=21, RR 3.30 Cl 1.23 to 8.85, NNH 2 Cl 2 to 17) and half of the children receiving clozapine had neutropenia (I RCT, n=21, RR 12, Cl 0.75 to192.86). Authors' conclusions There are few relevant trials and, presently, there is little conclusive evidence regarding the effects of antipsychotic medication for those with early onset schizophrenia. Some benefits were identified in using the atypical antipsychotic clozapine compared with haloperidol but the benefits were offset by an increased risk of serious adverse effects. Larger, more robust, trials are required. C1 Tavistock Clin, Child & Family Dept, London NW3 5BA, England. RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), Tavistock Clin, Child & Family Dept, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA, England. 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PY 2007 IS 3 AR CD004027 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004027.pub2 PG 42 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 191FZ UT WOS:000248118000017 PM 17636744 ER PT J AU Russell, TA Tchanturia, K Rahman, Q Schmidt, U AF Russell, Tamara A. Tchanturia, Kate Rahman, Qazi Schmidt, Ulrike TI Sex differences in theory of mind: A male advantage on Happe's "cartoon'' task SO COGNITION & EMOTION LA English DT Article ID VARIANT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BRAIN; RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; EMOTION; AGE; IMPAIRMENTS; ATTRIBUTION AB It is a commonly held stereotype that women show superior performance on tests of social cognition such as face processing and theory of mind (ToM) compared to men. However, such purported differences have not been empirically tested. In this study 40 healthy men and 40 women matched for age and years of education completed a well-known experimental ToM test requiring the attribution of either physical or mental states (Happe's cartoon task). Men showed superior performance compared to women, with a medium effect size, on both the mental state and physical state cartoons. It is suggested that men may use a cognitive systemising strategy during these tasks. The results emphasise the task-specific nature of sex differences in social cognition and necessitate future work to elucidate individual differences at the interface of cognitive and affective processes. C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. Macquarine Ctr Cognit Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ E London, London E15 4LZ, England. RP Russell, TA (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, Sect Neurosci & Emot, POB 69,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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TI Vasoactive intestinal peptide in neurodevelopmental disorders: Therapeutic potential SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE embryogenesis; autism; Down syndrome; fetal alcohol syndrome ID DEPENDENT NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE; CULTURED MOUSE EMBRYOS; GTP-INSENSITIVE FORM; EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; DOWN-SYNDROME; AUTISTIC DISORDER; MESSENGER-RNA; GROWTH-FACTOR AB Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mediates important events during the development of the nervous system. VIP can stimulate neuronogenesis as well as differentiation and neurite outgrowth; it can promote the survival of neurons and assist in neuronal repair; it is also anti-inflammatory and can modulate immune responses. In addition, VIP is necessary for the normal growth and development of the early postimplantation mouse embryo during the period when the major embryonic events are neural tube formation, neuronogenesis and expansion of the vascular system. Receptors for VIP appear during early postimplantation embryogenesis in the rodent and exhibit changing localization patterns throughout the development of the brain. During embryogenesis, unregulated VIP may have major and permanent consequences on the formation of the brain and may be a participating factor in disorders of neurodevelopment. VIP has been linked to autism, Down syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome. This paper will review the role of VIP in neurodevelopment, its known involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders and propose ways in which VIP might be of therapeutic value. C1 NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Fifty-five males (eight low-functioning with autism: mean age 6y 2mo [SD 7.6mo]; 13 low-functioning with learning disabilities: mean age 6y 3mo [SD 2.8mo]; 17 high-functioning with autism: mean age 8y 9mo [SD 11mo]; and 17 typically developing: mean age 8y 8mo [SD 11.6mo]) were assessed on 18 single gestures and six sequences of hand postures. Imitation performance was videotaped for blind scoring on 21 possible errors by two independent observers. Results revealed that in both groups with autism, imitation required far more effort (more attempts) than in the comparison groups and was less precise (more spatial errors). Typical for low-functioning participants with autism was their less mature imaginary grip in transitive gestures. Typical for high-functioning participants with autism was their preference for immature mirror-image imitations. These observations support the assumption that the underlying mechanisms in motor imitation problems are linked more to the action production system and less to the action conceptual system or to behavioural problems. We postulate that the action production system is delayed rather than deficient. C1 Prov Hsch, Dept Hlth Sci Physiotherapy, Limburg, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Res Grp Dev Disorders, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Kinesiol & Rehabil Sci, Dept Rehabil Sci, Louvain, Belgium. RP Vanvuchelen, M (reprint author), Sterrebos 111, B-3512 Stevoort, Belgium. 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PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1017/S0012162207000047 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 138CE UT WOS:000244339600004 PM 17209969 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, M Fujii, E Saijo, T Mori, K Hashimoto, T Kagami, S Kuroda, Y AF Miyazaki, Masahito Fujii, Emiko Saijo, Takahiko Mori, Kenji Hashimoto, Toshiaki Kagami, Shoji Kuroda, Yasuhiro TI Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in infantile autism: evidence of hyperactivity in the right primary somatosensory area SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDHOOD; ASYMMETRY; SPASMS AB Children with infantile autism sometimes show hyperesthesia or hypoesthesia to touch, pain, and/or temperature. To clarify the pathophysiology, we examined short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (S-SEPs), elicited by median nerve stimulation, in 24 children with infantile autism (17 males, seven females; age range 2y 2mo-9y; mean age 4y 2mo [SD 1y 7mol). We also evaluated relationships between S-SEP findings and clinical manifestations. Of the 24 children, 10 showed abnormal S-SEPs as follows: prolonged peak latency of N20 (n=2), extended interpeak latency of P13/14-N20 (n=7), appearance of a giant SEP (n=1), and a more than twofold right hemispheric peak-to-peak amplitude predominance of N20-P25 (n=5). In addition, a peak-to-peak amplitude of N20-P25 elicited by left median nerve stimuli was significantly higher than that obtained with right median nerve stimuli, which indicated right hemispheric hyperactivity relative to the left (p=0.008). Infantile autism is frequently associated with somatosensory abnormalities and right hemispheric hyperactivity relative to the left, especially in the primary somatosensory area. This is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of infantile autism, especially the idiopathic form. C1 Miyoshi Med Clin, Dept Paediat, Higashikagawa 7692513, Japan. Univ Tokushima, Grad Sch, Inst Hlth Biosci, Dept Paediat, Tokushima 770, Japan. Naruto Univ Educ, Sch Educ, Dept Educ Handicapped, Naruto 772, Japan. RP Miyazaki, M (reprint author), Miyoshi Med Clin, Dept Paediat, 813-1 Otani, Higashikagawa 7692513, Japan. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1017/S0012162207000059 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 138CE UT WOS:000244339600005 PM 17209970 ER PT J AU Bigler, ED Mortensen, S Neeley, ES Ozonoff, S Krasny, L Johnson, M Lu, J Provencal, SL McMahon, W Lainhart, JE AF Bigler, Erin D. Mortensen, Sherstin Neeley, E. Shannon Ozonoff, Sally Krasny, Lori Johnson, Michael Lu, Jeffrey Provencal, Sherri L. McMahon, William Lainhart, Janet E. TI Superior temporal gyrus, language function, and autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; COMMUNICATION IMPAIRMENTS; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMPLEX SOUNDS AB Deficits in language are a core feature of autism. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. It was hypothesized that subjects with autism would display different size-function relationships between the STG and intellectual-language-based abilities when compared to controls. Intellectual ability was assessed by either the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III), where three intellectual quotients (IQ) were computed: verbal (VIQ), performance (PIQ), and full-scale (FSIQ). Language ability was assessed by the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Third Edition (CELF-3), also divided into three index scores: receptive, expressive, and total. Seven to 19-year-old rigorously diagnosed subjects with autism (n = 30) were compared to controls (n = 39; 13 of whom had a deficit in reading) of similar age who were matched on education, PIQ, and head circumference. STG volumes were computed based on 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). IQ and CELF-3 performance were highly inter-related regardless of whether subjects had autism or were controls. Both IQ and CELF-3 ability were positively correlated with STG in controls, but a different pattern was observed in subjects with autism. In controls, left STG gray matter was significantly (r =.42, p <= .05) related to receptive language on the CELF-3; in contrast, a zero order correlation was found with autism. When plotted by age, potential differences in growth trajectories related to language development associated with STG were observed between controls and those subjects with autism. Taken together, these findings suggest a possible failure in left hemisphere lateralization of language function involving the STG in autism. Superior Temporal Gyrus, Language Function, and Autism. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Neurosci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Anesthesiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bigler, ED (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, 1001 SWKT, Provo, UT 84602 USA. 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TI Postnatal development of the primate hippocampal formation SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hippocampus; neural development; monkey; declarative memory; neurodevelopmental disorders ID CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS; FETAL RHESUS-MONKEY; ENTORHINAL CORTEX; DENTATE GYRUS; NEUROCHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT; PARAHIPPOCAMPAL CORTICES; MACAQUE MONKEYS; DOWN-SYNDROME; MONOAMINE INNERVATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS AB The hippocampal formation is a multicomponent region of the medial temporal lobe preferentially involved in declarative and relational memory processing. Behavioral studies have suggested a protracted functional maturation of these structures in primates, and postnatal developmental abnormalities in the hippocampal formation are thought to contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy and Down syndrome. Despite all that we know about the functional organization of the adult hippocampal formation, notably absent is a systematic study of its postnatal maturation in primates. In this article, we review current knowledge of the structural development of the primate hippocampal formation and present new data on its postnatal neuroanatomical development. We summarize what is known about the neurobiological processes, such as the addition of new neurons, the establishment and elaboration of connectivity, and the neurochemical changes, that underlie the structural development and functional maturation of the primate hippocampal formation. We conclude that there is yet insufficient information to identify distinct developmental windows during which different hippocampal regions undergo specific maturational processes. For this reason, it is currently impossible to determine the ages at which specific hippocampal circuits become structurally mature and potentially capable of supporting defined, age-specific functional processes. Together with work in rodents, systematic studies of the structural development and functional maturation of the monkey hippocampal formation will be necessary to gain insight not only into the types of information processing that it subserves, but also into the specific maturational processes that might be affected in human neurodevelopmental disorders. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Fribourg, Inst Physiol, Dept Med, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Ctr Neurosci, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr,MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Lavenex, P (reprint author), Univ Fribourg, Inst Physiol, Dept Med, Chemin Musee 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. 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Seven main themes emerged throughout the research: late diagnosis and lack of service support; bad experiences with systems of care; feelings of 'not belonging' ( identity issues); barriers around communication and sensitivity towards individuals; lack of awareness and access to advocacy and rights; difficulties of 'fitting into' what is already available; and interest in developing knowledge around advocacy. Examination of the main themes pointed to a disturbing link between poor service response, episodes of crisis and mental ill health. The Carlisle People First Research Team is made up of 6 researchers who are labelled as having 'learning difficulties' who work in partnership with one other researcher. RP Townson, L (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Educ, ESI, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM rohhss.chapman@manchester.ac.uk CR Broach S, 2003, AUTISM RIGHTS REALIT BUCHANAN I, 2004, ORGANISING MANAGING *CARL PEOPL FIRST, 2004, BRIT J LEARNING DISA, V32, P72 Chapman R., 2005, THESIS OPEN U Department of Health (DoH), 2001, VAL PEOPL Walmsley J., 2003, INCLUSIVE RES PEOPLE 1990, AUTISM WORLD APART V NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0968-7599 J9 DISABIL SOC JI Disabil. Soc. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1080/09687590701427669 PG 14 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 203BN UT WOS:000248950200006 ER PT J AU Welterlin, A LaRue, RH AF Welterlin, Aurelie LaRue, Robert H. TI Serving the needs of immigrant families of children with autism SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; DISABILITY; DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD; CULTURE AB The growing influx of immigrant families into the USA necessitates an understanding of how these families manage mental health disorders. Few studies have documented the ways in which autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are understood across different immigrant groups. This lack of knowledge creates barriers for practitioners who are encountering immigrant families in their practice. The present paper provides a conceptual framework of how cultural values and beliefs shape the way diagnosis, etiology and treatment of ASD is perceived by both immigrant families and western practitioners and how differences in perspectives may create obstacles in treatment planning. 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It investigated blogs written by people who have been diagnosed with AS, as well as organizations devoted to the support of people with AS and their families. The findings document the different and even oppositional perspectives of the organizations and the individual bloggers. The organizations' website descriptions of AS were based on the premise that AS is a medical disorder and a deficit. The individual bloggers, in contrast, called themselves Aspies and indicated that they were happy with themselves but angry and disappointed with those who tried to change them. Theoretical, methodological, substantive and practical implications of these findings are discussed. The concept of 'surplus suffering' is suggested as useful. C1 Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Sociol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Sociol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. 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PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 761 EP 776 DI 10.1080/09687590701659618 PG 16 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 232NV UT WOS:000251027300007 ER PT J AU Caudrey, D Dissinger, M AF Caudrey, David Dissinger, Marguerite TI Health support of people with disabilities in South Australia SO DISEASE MANAGEMENT & HEALTH OUTCOMES LA English DT Article AB Over the last 2 decades, South Australians who live with severe and/or profound disability have been afforded greater support to enable them to lead good-quality lives in the general community. South Australia has been progressively dispensing with institutional accommodation in favor of various supported accommodation options within the community. This commitment has been coupled with investment in a community-based health support program. Community-based health services have been oriented to enable individuals with disabilities, along with their parents and carers, to self-manage health conditions associated with their disabilities and to minimize the level of intervention required by health professionals. This has culminated in the inter-agency development (involving government and non-government agencies) of a health support program that is responsive to the needs of individuals, underpinned by a clear state-wide policy with procedures and guidelines. The health support program is available to individuals of all ages who have a range of health conditions that are most likely to be associated with profound or severe disability, i.e. impairments that limit mobility or impede independence in daily self-care (these conditions include cerebral palsy, autism, brain injury, paralysis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, and the full spectrum of syndromes diagnosed at birth). The program involves individuals with disabilities, their families and carers, personal care workers, and health and education professionals. The key program facilitators are registered nurses from the South Australia Royal District Nursing Service, the Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, and the Community Accommodation and Respite Agency. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the program has been effective in minimizing unnecessary admissions to hospital, enabling children to be included in mainstream education settings, and managing the impact of health needs on people's daily lives. Not all people with a disability have high health needs. The Health Support Program distinguishes three levels of client need, the planning and intervention required for each level, and the nature of practitioner qualifications required for the planning of health support. The program provides support that is categorized as level 3 and could be managed in the community by a care worker who has been trained and competency assessed by a registered nurse to undertake complex health activities. The program complements mainstream health services by maximizing the opportunity for people with disabilities to manage their conditions without unneccessary hospitalisation or undue health professional intervention in their daily lives. C1 [Caudrey, David] Off Disability & Client Serv, So Australian Dept Families & Communities, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Dissinger, Marguerite] Off Disability & Client Serv, So Australian Dept Families & Communities, Policy & Strategy Unit, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Caudrey, D (reprint author), Off Disability & Client Serv, So Australian Dept Families & Communities, GPO Box 292, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. 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Manag. Health Outcomes PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.2165/00115677-200715060-00003 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 247YD UT WOS:000252117600002 ER PT J AU Cox, AR Kirkham, H AF Cox, Anthony R. Kirkham, Harold TI A case study of a graphical misrepresentation - Drawing the wrong conclusions about the measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccine SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article ID MMR VACCINATION; AUTISM; CHILDREN AB Graphs have been used in attempts to show a relationship between the measles, mumps and rubella virus (MMR) vaccine and autism. We examine the topic of graphical representation of data in general, and one of these graphs in particular: the one that appeared in a 1999 letter to The Lancet. That graph combined data from England and from California, USA. The author alleged that this graph illustrated a rise in autism rates linked to the use of the MMR vaccine. By examining the presentation closely, we are able to show how this graph misrepresented the data used. We give advice for both authors and publishers in the use of such graphical treatments of data. C1 [Cox, Anthony R.] Sandwell & W Birmingham Hosp NHS Trust, W Midlands Ctr Adverse Drug React City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Cox, Anthony R.] Aston Univ, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Sch Pharm, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. [Kirkham, Harold] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. 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PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 831 EP 836 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 220BA UT WOS:000250130700002 PM 17867721 ER PT J AU Hillman, J AF Hillman, Jennifer TI Grandparents of children with autism: A review with recommendations for education, practice, and policy SO EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; FAMILIES; PARENTS; GRANDCHILDREN; DISABILITIES; SUPPORT; ADOLESCENTS; HEALTH; ADULTS; GRANDMOTHERS AB One in 166 grandparents will become grandparent to a child with autism. A review of empirical studies suggests that these grandparents experience significant role confusion. They provide the autistic child's parents-who are more likely to be depressed, single, or divorced - with both burden (e. g., conflict regarding behavioral symptoms) and emotional and instrumental support (e. g., childcare; financial assistance; advocacy). Unique stressors of autism upon families include social isolation and financial burden. Custodial grandparents face additional stressors. Opportunities for education, practice, and policy that are designed to help grandparents redefine their role, share in the diagnosis and treatment of autism, and obtain social support are advanced. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Psychol Program, Dept Psychol, Berks Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP Hillman, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Psychol Program, Dept Psychol, Berks Coll, POB 7009, Reading, PA 19610 USA. 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No completely effective medical therapy has yet been demonstrated. Accepting the request of the families of eight autistic children in Lomazzo, Milan and Naples, we used ion cyclotron resonance (Seqex((R)) therapy) therapeutic support after many other therapies had been already carried out on these patients. After regimens consisting of 20-30 treatments with ICR, improvements were noted in all cases. C1 IRP Laquila, Dept Bioelectromagnet Res, I-65122 Pescara, Italy. RP Criescentini, F (reprint author), IRP Laquila, Dept Bioelectromagnet Res, Via B Buozzi 53, I-65122 Pescara, Italy. 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Biol. Med. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1080/15368370701764434 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 247EO UT WOS:000252060400007 ER PT J AU Sauvage, D AF Sauvage, D. TI Autism, biomedical information and therapeutic alliance SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE LA French DT Editorial Material C1 CHRU, Tours, France. Univ Tours, Tours, France. RP Sauvage, D (reprint author), CHRU, Tours, France. CR BODIER C, 2006, IN PRESS ENCAPHALE Shelley BP, 2004, WORLD J BIOL PSYCHIA, V5, P176, DOI 10.1080/15622970410029933 SICARD D, 2002, MED CORPS NOUVELLE R TANGUAY PE, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V11, P1322 Wolff S, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P201, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0363-5 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE SN 0013-7006 J9 ENCEPHALE JI Enceph.-Rev. Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 161HT UT WOS:000246006100001 PM 17465082 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Wong, MH AF Zhang, L. Wong, M. H. TI Environmental mercury contamination in China: Sources and impacts SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE mercury; China; sources; ecological compartment; exposure; health ID FRESH-WATER FISH; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; INORGANIC MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; GASEOUS MERCURY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EDIBLE FISH; CORD BLOOD; HUMAN HAIR AB This review article focused on the current status of mercury (Hg) contamination in different ecological compartments in China, and their possible environmental and health impacts, focusing on some major cities. Mercury emission from non-ferrous metals smelting (especially zinc smelting), coal combustion and miscellaneous activities (of which battery and fluorescent lamp production and cement production are the largest), contributed about 45%, 38% and 17%, respectively, to the total Hg emission based on the data of 1999. Mercury contamination is widespread in different ecological compartments such as atmosphere, soil and water. There is evidence showing bioaccumulation and biomagnification of Hg in aquatic food chains, with higher concentrations detected in carnivorous fish. In terms of human exposure to Hg, fish consumption is the major exposure pathway for residents living in coastal cities such as Hong Kong, but inhalation may be another major source, affecting human health in areas with severe atmospheric Hg, such as Guiyang City (Guizhou Province). The first case study indicated that after closure of the acetic acid plant 20 years at Songyuan City (Jilin Province), 16.7% of residents' hair still contained Hg concentration in excess of 1 mg/kg (the reference dosage value, RfD set by USEPA). The second case study indicated that the male residents of Hong Kong who consumed more than four or more meals of fish per week tended to contain higher Hg in their hair, which was linked to their subfertility. There is also increasing evidence showing that skin disorders and autism in Hong Kong children are related to their high Hg body loadings (hair, blood and urine), through prenatal methyl Hg exposure. There seems to be an urgent need to identify the sources of Hg, speciation and concentrations in different ecological compartments, which may lead to high body loadings in human beings. 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Int. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2006.06.022 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127RM UT WOS:000243604000014 PM 16914205 ER PT J AU Coenraads, M AF Coenraads, Monica TI Face to face with Rett syndrome SO EPIGENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rett syndrome; autism; autistic features; Rett phenotype; infancy; developmental delay; biting AB When I was invited to write a short editorial describing the social component of Rett syndrome, I was both delighted to comply and uncertain about what would actually prove helpful to the readership. I assume most readers will be familiar with the general contours of the disorder: a period of apparently normal early development, followed by a gradual loss of acquired language and manual skills, some autistic features, seizures. But what is a child with Rett really like-how do these terse descriptive terms come to life in a real child? I decided to look back at a journal I began keeping when my daughter Chelsea was born. I addressed her future self in short daily entries, writing about her unfolding personality, looking forward to the day I could give her the journal and help her understand herself. This is as unbiased a view as I can give you of a child with Rett, since these notations (the earliest, at least) preceded any suspicion in my mind that something might be wrong. But a sense of puzzlement began to creep into the journal as early as six months, a full year and a half before the diagnosis was made. Here are some excerpts from the journal. C1 Rett Syndrome Res Fdn, Cincinnati, OH 45246 USA. RP Coenraads, M (reprint author), Rett Syndrome Res Fdn, 4600 Devitt Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45246 USA. EM monica@rsrf.org NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1559-2294 J9 EPIGENETICS JI Epigenetics PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 306BW UT WOS:000256223000002 PM 17965594 ER PT J AU LaSalle, JM AF LaSalle, Janine M. TI The odyssey of MeCP2 and parental imprinting SO EPIGENETICS LA English DT Review DE parental imprinting; DNA methylation; neurodevelopment; methyl CpG binding protein; epigenetic ID CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME GENE; RETT-SYNDROME; METHYL-CPG; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; DNA METHYLATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; MOUSE MODEL; NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS AB DNA methylation in mammals has long been implicated in the epigenetic mechanism of parental imprinting, in which selective expression of one allele of specific genes is based on parental origin. Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) selectively binds to methylated DNA and mutations in the MECP2 cause the autism-spectrum neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome. This review outlines the emerging story of how MeCP2 has been implicated in the regulation of specific imprinted genes and loci, including UBE3A and DLX5. The story of MeCP2 and parental imprinting has unfolded with some interesting but unexpected twists, revealing new insights on the function of MeCP2 in the process. RP LaSalle, JM (reprint author), 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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It remains unclear whether seizures and epileptiform activity on the EEG are causative or comorbid. It is also uncertain if focal epileptiform EEG abnormalities may be associated with stable cognitive impairment. Even less clear is whether these EEG abnormalities can result in the combination of language and social dysfunction seen in autistic spectrum disorders. C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Childrens Hosp, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. RP Levisohn, PM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 1056 E 19th Ave B155, Denver, CO 80218 USA. 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Given that recent findings from clinical and molecular genetic studies suggest that autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could share a common pattern of heritability, we assessed executive functions as a possible common cognitive endophenotype in unaffected family members of individuals with either autism or OCD. Methods. -Five tests assessing executive functions (Tower of London, verbal fluency, design fluency, trail making and association fluency) were proposed to 58 unaffected first-degree relatives (parents and siblings) of probands with autism and 64 unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients. Results were compared with those of 47 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and level of education. Results. -In the Tower of London test, both groups of unaffected relatives showed significantly lower scores and longer response times compared with controls. No differences were observed between autism and OCD relatives and healthy controls in the four other tasks (verbal fluency, design fluency, trail making test and association fluency). Conclusions. -Our findings show the existence of executive dysfunction in the unaffected first-degree relatives of probands with OCD, similar to those observed in the relatives of patients with autism. These results support and extend previous cognitive studies on probands indicating executive dysfunctions in autism and OCD. Planning and working memory processes could thus represent a common cognitive endophenotype in autism and OCD that could help in the identification of genes conferring vulnerability to these disorders. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 12, INSERM U513, F-94010 Creteil, France. Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Serv Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, F-75019 Paris, France. Hop Henri Mondor, AP HP, Dept Psychiat Adulte, F-94010 Creteil, France. 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Brain Res. PY 2007 VL 164 BP 323 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)64018-7 PG 17 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BHB07 UT WOS:000252019900018 PM 17920440 ER PT S AU Elsabbagh, M Johnson, MH AF Elsabbagh, Mayada Johnson, Mark H. BE VonHofsten, C Rosander, K TI Infancy and autism: progress, prospects, and challenges SO FROM ACTION TO COGNITION SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review CT Conference on Brain Development and Cognition Human Infants CY OCT 01-06, 2005 CL Maratea di Aquafredda, ITALY DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; social orienting; executive function; perception; development; infancy; infant siblings; core deficits ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; BROADER PHENOTYPE AB We integrate converging evidence from a variety of research areas in typical and atypical development to motivate a developmental framework for understanding the emergence of autism in infancy and to propose future directions for a recent area of research focusing on infant siblings of children with autism. Explaining the cognitive profile in autism is best achieved through tracing the process through which associated symptoms emerge over development. Understanding this process would shed light on the underlying causes of this multifaceted condition through clarifying how and why a variety of risk factors, single or in combination, exert an impact on the resulting phenotype. We emphasize the importance of integrating theoretical models of typical development in understanding atypical development and argue for the need to develop continuous and individually valid measures for at-risk infants both for predictors and outcomes of autism symptoms. C1 [Elsabbagh, Mayada; Johnson, Mark H.] Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Elsabbagh, M (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Henry Wellcome Bldg, London WC1E 7HX, England. 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PY 2007 VL 164 BP 355 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)64020-5 PG 29 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BHB07 UT WOS:000252019900020 PM 17920442 ER PT S AU Kozima, H Nakagawa, C Yasuda, Y AF Kozima, Hideki Nakagawa, Cocoro Yasuda, Yuriko BE VonHofsten, C Rosander, K TI Children-robot interaction: a pilot study in autism therapy SO FROM ACTION TO COGNITION SE PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Brain Development and Cognition Human Infants CY OCT 01-06, 2005 CL Maratea di Aquafredda, ITALY DE human-robot interaction; social interaction; field practice; autism therapy; developmental psychology; interactive robots; minimal design AB We present here a pilot study of child-robot interactions, in which we discuss developmental origins of human interpersonal communication. For the past few years, we have been observing 2- to 4-year-old children with autism interacting with Keepon, a creature-like robot that is only capable of expressing its attention (directing its gaze) and emotions (pleasure and excitement). While controlled by a remote experimenter, Keepon interacted with the children with its simple appearance and actions. With a sense of curiosity and security, the children spontaneously approached Keepon and engaged in dyadic interaction with it, which then extended to triadic interactions where they exchanged with adult caregivers pleasure and surprise they found in Keepon. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of these unfolding interactions suggests that autistic children possess the motivation to share mental states with others, which is contrary to the commonly held position that this motivation is impaired in autism. We assume Keepon's minimal expressiveness helped the children understand socially meaningful information, which then activated their intact motivation to share interests and feelings with others. We conclude that simple robots like Keepon would facilitate social interaction and its development in autistic children. C1 [Kozima, Hideki; Nakagawa, Cocoro] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sora Ku, Kyoto 6190289, Japan. [Yasuda, Yuriko] Omihachiman City Day Care Ctr Children Special Ne, Shiga 5230082, Japan. RP Kozima, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sora Ku, Hikaridai 3-5, Kyoto 6190289, Japan. 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Scott, III McFarlane, Hewlet G. Crawley, Jacqueline N. TI Social approach behaviors are similar on conventional versus reverse lighting cycles, and in replications across cohorts, in BTBR T+ tf/J, C57BL/6J, and vasopressin receptor 1B mutant mice SO FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inbred strains of mice; BTBR T plus tf/J; C57BL/6J; vasopressin receptor subtype 1b; social interaction; juvenile play; circadian phase; autism AB Mice are a nocturnal species, whose social behaviors occur primarily during the dark phase of the circadian cycle. However, laboratory rodents are frequently tested during their light phase, for practical reasons. We investigated the question of whether light phase testing presents a methodological pitfall for investigating mouse social approach behaviors. Three lines of mice were systematically compared. One cohort of each line was raised in a conventional lighting schedule and tested during the light phase, under white light illumination; another cohort was raised in a reverse lighting schedule and tested during their dark phase, under dim red light. Male C57BL/6J (B6) displayed high levels of sociability in our three-chambered automated social approach task when tested in either phase. BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) displayed low levels of sociability in either phase. Five cohorts of vasopressin receptor subtype 1b (Avpr1b) null mutants, heterozygotes, and wildtype littermate controls were tested in the same social approach paradigm: three in the dark phase and two in the light phase. All three genotypes displayed normal sociability in four out of the five replications. In the juvenile play test, testing phase had no effect on play soliciting behaviors in Avpr1b mice, but had modest effects on nose sniff and huddling. Taken together, these findings indicate that testing phase is not a crucial factor for studying some forms of social approach in juvenile and adult mice. C1 [Yang, Mu] NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Scattoni, Maria Luisa] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Rome, Italy. [Caldwell, Heather; Young, W. Scott, III] NIMH, Sect Neural Gene Express, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McFarlane, Hewlet G.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Psychol, Gambier, OH USA. RP Yang, M (reprint author), NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Bldg 35,Room 1C-909,Mail Code 3730, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM yangmu@mail.nih.gov RI Young, W/A-9333-2009 OI Young, W/0000-0001-6614-5112 FU National Institute of Mental Health [Z01-MH-02179, Z01-MH-002498-17] FX We thank Ms. Tabitha Morris, NIMH, for her assistance in conducting components of the experiments shown in Figure 4 and Mr. James Heath, NIMH, for genotyping the Avpr1b mice. 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PY 2007 VL 1 AR 1 DI 10.3389/neuro.08/001.2007 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V18VC UT WOS:000208031300001 PM 18958184 ER PT J AU Limon, A AF Limon, Agenor TI Importance of early detection in autism spectrum disorder SO GACETA MEDICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Review DE autism; autistic spectrum; early diagnosis ID BRAIN OVERGROWTH; MMR VACCINATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CHROMOSOME 7Q; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; ABNORMALITIES; CONNECTIVITY; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVIEW AB Autism, currently known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a lifelong neuropsychiatric disorder that starts before three years of age. The behavioral and cognitive symptoms seem to be caused by an abnormal synaptic connectivity that leads to deficits in the ability, to filter sensor), information. Poor filtering seems to constitute a barrier for the integration and processing of neuronal information. Because ASD is not a neurodegenerative disorder, under appropriate conditions, symptoms usually improve overtime, probably because the autistic person learns to filter sensory information by alternative neuronal routes. This allows him/her to have a better understanding of the surrounding environment and in turn facilitates learning. Early intervention on children identified before age 2 notably improves prognosis. Currently, ASD can be detected in boys and girls when they are about 18 months old. However, parents and autism experts can observe symptoms before that age. The participation of the health system in order to prepare parents, pediatricians, and caregivers is highly important and leads to significant improvements in the quality, of life of autistic individuals and of caregivers. C1 [Limon, Agenor] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Cellular & Mol Neurobiol Lab, Irvine, CA USA. RP Limon, A (reprint author), 2205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. 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Med. Mex. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273OB UT WOS:000253939400014 PM 17388098 ER PT J AU Rampersaud, E Morris, RW Weinberg, CR Speer, MC Martin, ER AF Rampersaud, E. Morris, R. W. Weinberg, C. R. Speer, M. C. Martin, E. R. TI Power calculations for likelihood ratio tests for offspring genotype risks, maternal effects, and parent-of-origin (POO) effects in the presence of missing parental genotypes when unaffected siblings are available SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE family-based association; candidate gene tests; imprinting; parent-of-origin; maternal effects ID FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; REELIN GENE ALLELES; LOG-LINEAR APPROACH; RELATIVE-RISKS; TRIAD DATA; LINKAGE; AUTISM; TRANSMISSION; DISORDERS AB Genotype-based likelihood-ratio tests (LRT) of association that examine maternal and parent-of-origin effects have been previously developed in the framework of log-linear and conditional logistic regression models. In the situation where parental genotypes are missing, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm has been incorporated in the log-linear approach to allow incomplete triads to contribute to the LRT. We present an extension to this model which we call the Combined_LRT that incorporates additional information from the genotypes of unaffected siblings to improve assignment of incompletely typed families to mating type categories, thereby improving inference of missing parental data. Using simulations involving a realistic array of family structures, we demonstrate the validity of the Combined LRT under the null hypothesis of no association and provide power comparisons under varying levels of missing data and using sibling genotype data. We demonstrate the improved power of the Combined LRT compared with the family-based association test (FBAT), another widely used association test. Lastly, we apply the Combined_LRT to a candidate gene analysis in Autism families, some of which have missing parental genotypes. We conclude that the proposed log-linear model will be an important tool for future candidate gene studies, for many complex diseases where unaffected siblings can often be ascertained and where epigenetic factors such as imprinting may play a role in disease etiology. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Martin, ER (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, 5959 LaSalle St,3445, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 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TI Detailed analysis of 15q11-q14 sequence corrects errors and gaps in the public access sequence to fully reveal large segmental duplications at breakpoints for Prader-Willi, Angelman, and inv dup(15) syndromes SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR GENE CHRNA7; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME 15Q; HUMAN GENOME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; COPY-NUMBER; INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; PERICENTROMERIC REGION; COMMON BREAKPOINT; PROXIMAL 15Q AB Background: Chromosome 15 contains many segmental duplications, including some at 15q11-q13 that appear to be responsible for the deletions that cause Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes and for other genomic disorders. The current version of the human genome sequence is incomplete, with seven gaps in the proximal region of 15q, some of which are flanked by duplicated sequence. We have investigated this region by conducting a detailed examination of the sequenced genomic clones in the public database, focusing on clones from the RP11 library that originates from one individual. Results: Our analysis has revealed assembly errors, including contig NT_078094 being in the wrong orientation, and has enabled most of the gaps between contigs to be closed. We have constructed a map in which segmental duplications are no longer interrupted by gaps and which together reveals a complex region. There are two pairs of large direct repeats that are located in regions consistent with the two classes of deletions associated with Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. There are also large inverted repeats that account for the formation of the observed supernumerary marker chromosomes containing two copies of the proximal end of 15q and associated with autism spectrum disorders when involving duplications of maternal origin ( inv dup[ 15] syndrome). 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PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 AR R114 DI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r114 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 196NB UT WOS:000248488200022 PM 17573966 ER PT J AU Dixon, DR AF Dixon, Dennis R. BE Matson, JL TI Adaptive Behavior Scales SO HANDBOOK OF ASSESSMENT IN PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SE International Review of Research in Mental Retardation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; SEVERE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY APPROACH; CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY; RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI-SYNDROME; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Behav Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dixon, DR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Behav Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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P121, DOI 10.1023/A:1005455505211 NR 303 TC 3 Z9 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7750 BN 978-0-12-366235-4 J9 INT REV RES MENT RET JI Int. Rev. Res. Ment. Retard. PY 2007 VL 34 BP 99 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0074-7750(07)34003-2 PG 42 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA BQB36 UT WOS:000280561800003 ER PT J AU Sevin, BM Knight, CL Braud, SA AF Sevin, Bart M. Knight, Cheryl L. Braud, Scott A. BE Matson, JL TI Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders SO HANDBOOK OF ASSESSMENT IN PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SE International Review of Research in Mental Retardation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; RETT-SYNDROME; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SCREENING TOOL C1 [Sevin, Bart M.; Knight, Cheryl L.; Braud, Scott A.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Dev, Univ Ctr Excellence Autism, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Sevin, BM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Dev, Univ Ctr Excellence Autism, New Orleans, LA USA. 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Deletion mapping of the X-chromosome implicated 5 Mb of Xp11.3-4 as critical for recognition of facial fear, a quantitative measure of social cognition. Variability in fear recognition accuracy in Turner syndrome suggested the existence of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) revealed by X-monosomy. We aimed to identify the gene(s) influencing fear recognition by dense mapping of the 5 Mb region. Initial regression-based association mapping of fear recognition in 93 women with Turner syndrome across the critical region was performed, using genotype data at 242 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified three regions of interest, in which 52 additional SNPs were genotyped. The third region then contained four SNPs associated with fear recognition (0.0030 > P > 0.00046). We obtained an independent sample of 77 Turner syndrome females that we genotyped for 77 SNPs in the initial regions of interest. Region three showed association in the same direction, maximal at SNPs rs7055196 and rs7887763 (P = 0.022 each). Four SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD), including this pair, span 40 kb within a novel transcript, EF-hand domain containing 2 (EFHC2). In the combined Turner syndrome samples, the most strongly associated SNP (P = 0.00007) has frequency of 8.8% and an estimated effect size accounting for over 13% of the variance in fear recognition. EFHC2 shows genealogy and extended LD consistent with directional selection. This novel QTL may influence social cognition in the general population and in autism. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med,Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. MIT, Broad Inst, Med & Populat Genet Grp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Brain & Behav Sci Unit, London, England. 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Mol. Genet. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddl445 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 127MY UT WOS:000243591600010 PM 17164267 ER PT J AU Baron-Cohen, S Wheelwright, S Burtenshaw, A Hobson, E AF Baron-Cohen, Simon Wheelwright, Sally Burtenshaw, Amy Hobson, Esther TI Mathematical talent is linked to autism SO HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE autism; broader autism phenotype; genetic risk; mathematical talent; systemizing ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; POPULATION; DISORDERS; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; PHENOTYPE AB A total of 378 mathematics undergraduates ( selected for being strong at " systemizing") and 414 students in other ( control) disciplines at Cambridge University were surveyed with two questions: ( 1) Do you have a diagnosed autism spectrum condition? ( 2) How many relatives in your immediate family have a diagnosed autism spectrum condition? Results showed seven cases of autism in the math group ( or 1.85%) vs one case of autism in the control group ( or 0.24%), a ninefold difference that is significant. Controlling for sex and general population sampling, this represents a three- to sevenfold increase for autism spectrum conditions among the mathematicians. There were 7 of 1,405 ( or 0.5%) cases of autism in the immediate families of the math group vs 2 of 1,669 ( or 0.1%) cases in the immediate families of the control group, which again is a significant difference. These results confirm a link between autism and systemizing, and they suggest this link is genetic given the association between autism and first- degree relatives of mathematicians. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Austim Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Austim Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. 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Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s12110-007-9014-0 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 214TR UT WOS:000249761500004 ER PT J AU Kientz, JA Hayes, GR Westeyn, TL Starner, T Abowd, GD AF Kientz, Julie A. Hayes, Gillian R. Westeyn, Tracy L. Starner, Thad Abowd, Gregory D. TI Pervasive computing and autism: Assisting caregivers of children with special needs SO IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Article C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp & Graph Visualizat, GUV Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Usabil Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Kientz, JA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp & Graph Visualizat, GUV Ctr, Technol Sq Res Bldg,85 5th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. 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Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1268 J9 IEEE PERVAS COMPUT JI IEEE Pervasive Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1109/MPRV.2007.18 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 135JR UT WOS:000244150400007 ER PT J AU Sarria, E Gomez, JC AF Sarria, Encarnacion Gomez, Juan-Carlos TI Introduction. Theory of mind, development, and autism: Remembering Angel Reviere SO INFANCIA Y APRENDIZAJE LA Spanish DT Biographical-Item DE Angel Reviere; Theory of Mind; social cognition; autism AB This paper discusses the scientific and academic contributions of Angel Riviere and his "Theory of Mind" research group, analysing its origins in the study of infant communication and autism, and outlining his main conceptual and empirical contributions to the Theory of mind problem and their implications for Autism. C1 Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Fac Psicol, Dept Metodol Ciencias Compottamiento, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. RP Sarria, E (reprint author), Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Fac Psicol, Dept Metodol Ciencias Compottamiento, Juan Rosal 10, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM esarria@psi.uned.es NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUNDACION INFANCIA APRENDIZAJE PI MADRID PA NARANJO DE BULNES, 69 CIUDALCAMPO, SAN SEBASTIAN DE LOS REYES, MADRID, 28707, SPAIN SN 0210-3702 J9 INFANC APRENDIZ JI Infanc. Aprendiz. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1174/021037007781787525 PG 12 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 215OC UT WOS:000249817900001 ER PT J AU Gomila, A AF Gomila, Antoni TI Angel Riviere: Looking for central coherence SO INFANCIA Y APRENDIZAJE LA Spanish DT Article DE Angel Riviere; central coherence; autism; theory of mind ID MIND AB In this paper, I aim to highlight the significance of Angel Riviere's research work. Alluding to Uta Frith's hypothesis on autism, I suggest that his main value was his search for central coherence, that is to say, his effort, through theoretical reflection, to find out how different elements may fit together. C1 Univ Illes Balears, Dept Psicol, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. RP Gomila, A (reprint author), Univ Illes Balears, Dept Psicol, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. EM toni.gomila@uib.es RI Gomila, Antoni/I-1342-2012 CR BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Carretero M., 1984, PSICOLOGIA EVOLUTIVA, V2, P145 COSMIDES L, 1989, COGNITION, V31, P187, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(89)90023-1 de Villiers J. G., 2000, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 Hughes C, 1998, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V16, P233 RIVIERE A, 2001, ESPECIFICA TEORIA ME Riviere A., 1996, MIRADA MENTAL RIVIERE A, 1988, TEORIA MENTE COMPETE RIVIERE A, 1987, COMPORTEMENT COGNITI, P201 Russell J., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS SARRIA E, 1989, INTENCION COMUNICATI NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUNDACION INFANCIA APRENDIZAJE PI MADRID PA NARANJO DE BULNES, 69 CIUDALCAMPO, SAN SEBASTIAN DE LOS REYES, MADRID, 28707, SPAIN SN 0210-3702 J9 INFANC APRENDIZ JI Infanc. Aprendiz. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1174/021037007781787516 PG 5 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 215OC UT WOS:000249817900006 ER PT J AU Martos, J Morueco, M AF Martos, Juan Morueco, Maribel TI Autism spectrum: A multidimensional model of development in autism SO INFANCIA Y APRENDIZAJE LA Spanish DT Article DE psychological functions; autism; autism spectrum disorders; dimensionality ID NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRONTAL-CORTEX; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; SYMPTOMS; QUESTIONNAIRE; IMPAIRMENTS; SUBGROUPS; VALIDITY AB Autism, as prototypical disorder of what today is known as Autism Spectrum Disorders, has greatly benefited from the (multi)dimensional conception which was adopted some years ago. Its consequences are both important and relevant, not only theoretically, but also in educational and therapeutic practices, playing a crucial role in the wellbeing of both people which autism and their families. The paper reviews the novel, elaborate and substantial contributions which Angel Riviere made to the field of autism by undertaking and in-depth multi-dimensional approach to development in autism. In addition, he provided us with an instrument (I.D.E.A.) of unquestionable validity and usefulness. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Martos, J (reprint author), Mar Aral 25, Madrid 28033, Spain. EM jmartos@apnab-gh.org; mmorueco@apnab-gh.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bailey DB, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P49 Beglinger LJ, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P411, DOI 10.1023/A:1010616719877 BELINGHON M, 2001, AUTISMO COMPRESION E, P155 BORDEN MC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02172210 CANAL R, 2001, AUTISMO COMPRENSION, P57 CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 Espanol S., 2001, ESTUDIOS PSICOLOGIA, V22, P207, DOI 10.1174/021093901609505 Halliday M. A. 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Aprendiz. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1174/021037007781787543 PG 15 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 215OC UT WOS:000249817900007 ER PT J AU Tamarit, J AF Tamarit, Javier TI Autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: Considerations from its complexity SO INFANCIA Y APRENDIZAJE LA Spanish DT Article ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TOTAL POPULATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDIVIDUALS AB Sixty years after Kanner and Asperger started the complex process of understanding Autism, the key notion of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been introduced. Its aim is to capture both homogeneous and individual features of persons with Autism. That is, people with ASD share more as persons than as "pathologies". Based on this premise, the paper discusses certain issues and challenges to our current knowledge of ASD, and analyses form a heuristic model its complexity as a concept. This complexity and its pending issues suggest exploratory pathways of interest both scientifically and from a social and personal viewpoint. They can also suggest guidelines for intervention and for the functioning of support organisations. C1 FEAPS, Madrid 28020, Spain. RP Tamarit, J (reprint author), FEAPS, Avda Gen Peron 32, Madrid 28020, Spain. EM jtamarit@cop.es CR Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen S, 2000, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V12, P489, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400003126 Belinchon M., 2001, SITUACION NECESIDADE CAPONE GT, 1999, SINDROME DOWN, V16, P130 Cohen D. J, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FEAPS, 2001, MAN BUEN PRACT Filipek PA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P468 FRITH U, 1992, AUTISMO EXPLICANDO E GILLBERG C, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P201 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GRANDIN T, 1997, ATRAVESANDO PUERTAS Greenspan S, 1999, ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND ITS MEASUREMENT, P61 HAPPE F, 1998, AUTISMO HOBSON P, 1996, AUTISMO DESARROLLO M Kadesjo B, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P327, DOI 10.1023/A:1022115520317 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kanner L., 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P216 Kent L, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P153, DOI 10.1017/S001216229900033X Krug D. 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L., 1999, SIGLO CERO, V30, P5 SCHULER A, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P4 VATTER G, 1999, DIAGNOSIS AUTISM CHI Volkmar Fred, 1999, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, V38, p32S Volkmar F. R., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P5 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 WAKABAYASHI S, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531289 Wing L., 1996, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM GU WING L, 1998, AUTISMO NINOS ADULTO Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WING L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, pR5 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Yirmiya N, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P333, DOI 10.1023/A:1022167504388 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUNDACION INFANCIA APRENDIZAJE PI MADRID PA NARANJO DE BULNES, 69 CIUDALCAMPO, SAN SEBASTIAN DE LOS REYES, MADRID, 28707, SPAIN SN 0210-3702 J9 INFANC APRENDIZ JI Infanc. Aprendiz. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 397 EP 412 DI 10.1174/021037007781787499 PG 16 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 215OC UT WOS:000249817900008 ER PT J AU Ventoso, R Brioso, A AF Ventoso, Rosa Brioso, Angeles TI Angel Riviere: Looking for sense at the autism clinic SO INFANCIA Y APRENDIZAJE LA Spanish DT Article DE autism; Angel Riviere; diagnosis; intervention ID CHILDREN AB Angel Rivere developed a long and intense professional activity in the diagnosis of autism and pervasive development disorders. His diagnostic assessment or periodic review reports are unique and essential documents to understand and his work in cognitive and development psychology. They describe in detail the different deviated paths that can occur in the psychogenesis of subjective constitution processes. Riviere makes them "personalised" lectures in developmental and comparative psychopathology. The reports, based on an intial descirption of symptoms, provide an accurate and in-depth picture of psychological processes and mechanisms which lead him to consider the different logic that governs the development of "a child with autism". This process is always unique to each individual. The ultimate aim of his reports is to promote development based on a deep understanding of each child. The rationale of the assessment process is observed in the reports' narrative structure, which adopt different forms for different individuals. They offer clear, precise and well-balanced diagnostic assessment within the parameters of DSM-IV or ICD-10, but not limited to them. His recommedations are precise, detailed, and extremely useful both to professionals and the families themselves. C1 APNA, Madrid, Spain. Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Fac Psicol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ventoso, R (reprint author), APNA, Navaleno 9, Madrid, Spain. 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Aprendiz. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 413 EP 437 DI 10.1174/021037007781787444 PG 25 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 215OC UT WOS:000249817900009 ER PT J AU Lopez, B Leekam, SR AF Lopez, Beatriz Leekam, Sue R. TI Central coherence theory: A review of theoretical assumptions SO INFANCIA Y APRENDIZAJE LA Spanish DT Article DE autism; weak central coherence; global processing; local processing ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; FACE RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; DEFICITS; CONTEXT AB Weak central coherence theory (Frith, 1989) has had a great impact in the study of autism. Although this theory has been successful at explaining aspects of autism that other theories, such as the 'theory of mind' account or executive function theory cannot explain, central coherence theory suffers from a major theoretical drawback, namely the over-extension and vagueness of the definition of central coherence. The aim of this paper will be to reflect on different aspects of the concept of central coherence. A first issue addressed concerns the assumption that superior processing for parts is the result of an impairment in the ability to integrate information (i.e., global processing). Second, this paper questions the notion of central coherence as a central mechanism responsible for providing both perceptual and conceptual coherence in both visual and verbal domains. C1 Univ W England, Sch Psychol, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Lopez, B (reprint author), Univ W England, Sch Psychol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England. EM Beatriz.Lopez@uwe.ac.uk CR BRANSFOR.JD, 1971, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V2, P331, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(71)90019-3 DAVIES S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1033, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01808.x Donnelly N, 1999, VIS COGN, V6, P319 Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x FRITH U, 1991, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1970, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V10, P120, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(70)90049-4 FRITH U, 1969, LANG SPEECH, V12, P29 FRITH U, 1970, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, V76, P413, DOI 10.1037/h0020133 Frith U., 2003, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Gepner B, 1996, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V2, P123, DOI 10.1080/09297049608401357 HAPPE F, 1999, TRENDS COGN SCI, V3, P316 Happe F, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P5, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL Happe F. G. 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Aprendiz. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 439 EP 457 DI 10.1174/021037007781787462 PG 19 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 215OC UT WOS:000249817900010 ER PT J AU Sotillo, M Garcia-Nogales, MA Campos, R AF Sotillo, Maria Garcia-Nogales, M. Angeles Campos, Ruth TI Language and theory of mind: The case of Williams Syndrome SO INFANCIA Y APRENDIZAJE LA Spanish DT Article DE language; "theory of mind"; Williams syndrome; ontogenesis ID IDIOPATHIC INFANTILE HYPERCALCEMIA; LINGUISTIC ABILITIES; BEUREN SYNDROME; CHILDREN; REPRESENTATION; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; COGNITION; AUTISM; MEMORY AB The psychological characteristics of persons with Williams Syndrome are analysed together with their psycholinguistic profile, and the relations between the latter and performance in "theory of mind" tasks are reviewed. The paper focuses on certain language and "theory of mind" data in Williams Syndrome persons and reflects on the relations between these two domains. Finally, the need to adopt an ontogenetic approach in order to study these processes together is suggested. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Psicol, Dept Psicol Basica, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Madrid, Spain. RP Sotillo, M (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Psicol, Dept Psicol Basica, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. 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Aprendiz. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 459 EP 474 DI 10.1174/021037007781787534 PG 16 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 215OC UT WOS:000249817900011 ER PT J AU Grynszpan, O Martin, JC Nadel, J AF Grynszpan, Ouriel Martin, Jean-Claude Nadel, Jacqueline TI Exploring the influence of task assignment and output modalities on computerized training for autism SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE software design; computerized education; multimodality; autism; executive functions; pragmatics ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; VOCABULARY AB Our exploratory research aims at suggesting design principles for educational software dedicated to people with high functioning autism. In order to explore the efficiency of educational games, we developed an experimental protocol to study the influence of the specific constraints of the learning areas (spatial planning versus dialogue understanding) as well as Human Computer Interface modalities. We designed computer games that were tested with 10 teenagers diagnosed with high functioning autism, during 13 sessions, at the rate of one session per week. Participants' skills were assessed before and after a training period. A group of 10 typical children matched on academic level also took part in the experiment. A software platform was developed to manage interface modalities and log users' actions. Moreover, we annotated video recordings of two sessions. Results underline the influence of the task and interface modalities on executive functions. C1 Univ Paris 08, CNRS, THIM, LIMSI, F-91403 Orsay, France. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, CNRS, UMR 7593, F-75013 Paris, France. CNRS, EPML38, F-75700 Paris, France. 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Stud. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 241 EP 266 DI 10.1075/is.8.2.04gry PG 26 WC Communication; Linguistics SC Communication; Linguistics GA 195DV UT WOS:000248393600003 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, A AF Whitehouse, Andrew TI The neurology of autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review CR Coleman M, 2005, NEUROLOGY AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-2822 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1080/13682820600742240 PG 2 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 135JO UT WOS:000244150100007 ER PT J AU Pasco, G AF Pasco, Greg TI Communication issues in autism and Asperger syndrome: Do we speak the same language? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review C1 Mile End Hosp, Tower Hamlets PCT, London, England. RP Pasco, G (reprint author), Mile End Hosp, Tower Hamlets PCT, London, England. EM greg.pasco@thpct.nhs.uk CR Bogdashina O., 2005, COMMUNICATION ISSUES NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-2822 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 108 EP 109 PG 2 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 135JO UT WOS:000244150100008 ER PT J AU Dworzynski, K Ronald, A Hayiou-Thomas, M Rijsdijk, F Happe, F Bolton, PF Plomin, R AF Dworzynski, Katharina Ronald, Angelica Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna Rijsdijk, Fruhling Happe, Francesca Bolton, Patrick F. Plomin, Robert TI Aetiological relationship between language performance and autistic-like traits in childhood: a twin study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE domains of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); early language performance; twin modelling ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; SPECTRUM; IMPAIRMENT; PREDICTORS; DISORDER; BEHAVIOR; LINKAGE; INFANCY; AGE AB Background: Impairments in language and communication are core features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The basis for this association is poorly understood. How early language is related to each of the triad of impairments characteristic of ASDs is also in need of clarification. Aims: This is the first study that aims to determine the extent to which shared genetic and environmental factors underlie the association between early language performance and autistic-like traits (ALTs) in middle childhood. Methods & Procedures: Data came from a population-based twin sample ( n=56087 pairs) assessed prospectively at 2, 3, 4 and 8 years. ALTs measured by the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test ( CAST) at 8 years were investigated in relation to language assessed by the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) at 2, 3 and 4 years. Multivariate model fitting techniques were used to analyse the origins of this association. Outcomes & Results: Total CAST scores, as well as Social and Communication subscales, at 8 years were weakly but significantly negatively correlated with language ability at 2, 3 and 4 years. Correlations between language and restrictive and repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBI) were not significant. The phenotypic correlations between language and Social and Communication ALTs were almost entirely mediated by shared genetic influences. 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TI The use of genetic epidemiology to guide classification in child and adult psychopathology SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; ENDOPHENOTYPE CONCEPT AB The goal of this paper is to illustrate the application of the tools of genetic epidemiology, particularly the family study method, to inform the classification of psychiatric disorders in adults and children. The first section describes family studies of adults designed to investigate the causes of comorbidity of anxiety and depression. The analysis of familial traits provides stronger evidence for the validity of certain sub-types of anxiety and mood disorders that co-occur within the same individual and within families. The second section presents an example of the use of the family study method to examine the validity of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A review of these studies suggests that the most consistently familial traits in ASD are language and communication skills, insistence on sameness and non-verbal IQ. These are also the traits most commonly associated with the differentiation of autism from Asperger disorder and PDDNOS using both cross- sectional and longitudinal studies. From these data, a new classification system of the ASDs is proposed based on these familial traits. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. NIMH, Sect Dev Genet Epidemiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Szatmari, P (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 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Rev. Psych. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 483 EP 496 DI 10.1080/09540260701563619 PG 14 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 223PX UT WOS:000250385900003 PM 17896229 ER PT J AU Boutot, EA AF Boutot, E. Amanda TI Fitting in: Tips for promoting acceptance and friendships for students with autism spectrum disorders in inclusive classrooms SO INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL AND CLINIC LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL INTERACTIONS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PEERS AB In order for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to find acceptance and to develop friendships similar to those of their typical peers, they must be provided with the opportunities to do so. With appropriate planning and supports, inclusive classrooms can provide such opportunities for children with ASD, just as they do for typical children. This article provides tips that teachers and parents can use to foster acceptance and friendships of students with ASD in general education classrooms. C1 De Paul Univ, Sch Educ, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Boutot, EA (reprint author), De Paul Univ, Sch Educ, 2320 N Kenmore Ave,Lincoln Pk Campus, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. 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J., 1999, PLAY IMAGINATION CHI NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA SN 1053-4512 J9 INTERV SCH CLIN JI Interv. Sch. Clin. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1177/10534512070420030401 PG 6 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 120WG UT WOS:000243116600004 ER PT J AU Kaminski, S Cieslinska, A Kostyra, E AF Kaminski, Stanislaw Cieslinska, Anna Kostyra, Elzbieta TI Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Review DE beta-casein; beta-casomorphin 7; diabetes; ischaemic heart disease; polymorphism ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; IGG-BINDING EPITOPES; COWS MILK; OPIOID-PEPTIDES; PROTEINS; CASOMORPHINS; IDENTIFICATION; VARIANT; BETA-CASOMORPHIN-7 AB Proteins in bovine milk are a common source of bioactive peptides. The peptides are released by the digestion of caseins and whey proteins. In vitro the bioactive peptide beta-casomorphin 7 (13CM-7) is yielded by the successive gastrointestinal proteolytic digestion of bovine beta-casein variants A I and B, but this was not seen in variant A2. In hydrolysed milk with variant Al of beta-casein, BCM-7 level is 4-fold higher than in A2 milk. Variants A] and A2 of beta-casein are common among many dairy cattle breeds. A] is the most frequent in Holstein-Friesian (0.310-0.660), Ayrshire (0.432-0.720) and Red (0.710) cattle. In contrast, a high frequency of A2 is observed in Guernsey (0.880-0.970) and Jersey (0.490-0.721) cattle. BCM-7 may play a role in the aetiology of human diseases. Epidemiological evidence from New Zealand claims that consumption of beta-cascin A I is associated with higher national mortality rates from ischaernic heart disease. It seems that the populations that consume milk containing high levels of beta-casein A2 have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and type I diabetes. BCM-7 has also been suggested as a possible cause Of Sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, seem to be associated with milk consumption and a higher level of BCM-7. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to that protein polymorphism, and deeper research is needed to verify the range and nature of its interactions with the human gastrointestinal tract and whole organism. C1 Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Anim Gen, PL-10718 Olsztyn, Poland. Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Biochem, Olsztyn, Poland. RP Kaminski, S (reprint author), Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Anim Gen, M Oczapowsiego 5, PL-10718 Olsztyn, Poland. 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Genetics PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1007/BF03195213 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 201MF UT WOS:000248835100001 PM 17666771 ER PT J AU Yirmiya, N Ozonoff, S AF Yirmiya, Nurit Ozonoff, Sally TI The very early autism phenotype SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE early; autism; phenotype ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; FAMILY HISTORY; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; AGE; SIBLINGS; SPECTRUM; TIME C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Educ, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0329-1 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900001 ER PT J AU Bryson, SE Zwaigenbaum, L Brian, J Roberts, W Szatmari, P Rombough, V McDermott, C AF Bryson, Susan E. Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Brian, Jessica Roberts, Wendy Szatmari, Peter Rombough, Vicki McDermott, Catherine TI A prospective case series of high-risk infants who developed autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; phenotype; early development; social; communication; cognitive; sensory; motor; temperament; high-risk infants ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EARLY RECOGNITION; 1ST YEAR; CHILDREN; AGE; COMMUNICATION; REGRESSION; SYMPTOMS; LIFE; INTERVENTION AB The present paper documents the development of autism/autistic spectrum disorder in a consecutive series of nine high-risk infants followed prospectively from 6 months of age. Evidence is provided for two broadly defined subgroups: the first subgroup (n = 6) showed a decrease in IQ between 12 and 24 or 36 months (from average/near average to severe cognitive impairment), whereas the second subgroup (n = 3) continued to obtain average or near average IQs. Signs of autism emerged and/or were more striking earlier in the first subgroup. In all nine children, early impairment in social-communicative development coexisted with atypical sensory and/or motor behaviors, as did a temperamental profile marked by irritability/distress and dysregulated state. Discussion focuses on issues raised by the pattern of findings. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Autism Res Ctr, IWK Hlth Ctr, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Bloorview Kids Rehab, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. N York Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. RP Bryson, SE (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Autism Res Ctr, IWK Hlth Ctr, 5850 Univ Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. EM susan.bryson@iwk.nshealth.ca CR ADRIEN J, 1992, J SLEEP RES S, V1, P2 APA, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Bryson S. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0328-2 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900002 PM 17211728 ER PT J AU Loh, A Soman, T Brian, J Bryson, SE Roberts, W Szatmari, P Smith, IM Zwaigenbaum, L AF Loh, Alvin Soman, Teesta Brian, Jessica Bryson, Susan E. Roberts, Wendy Szatmari, Peter Smith, Isabel M. Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie TI Stereotyped motor behaviors associated with autism in high-risk infants: A pilot videotape analysis of a sibling sample SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; longitudinal study; stereotyped motor behaviors; early identification; infants ID REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MOVEMENTS AB This study examined motor behaviors in a longitudinal cohort of infant siblings of children with autism. Stereotypic movements and postures occurring during standardized observational assessments at 12 and 18 months were coded from videotapes. Participants included eight infant siblings later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a random sample of nine non-diagnosed siblings, and 15 controls. Videos were coded blind to diagnostic group. At 12 and 18 months the ASD group "arm waved" more frequently and at 18 months, one posture ("hands to ears") was more frequently observed in the ASD and non-diagnosed group compared to the controls. Overall, the siblings subsequently diagnosed with ASD and the comparison groups had considerable overlap in their repertoires of stereotyped behaviors. C1 Univ Alberta, Sect Neurosci, Dept Pediat, Glenrose Rehabil Hosp, Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Psychol, Halifax, NS, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Zwaigenbaum, L (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Sect Neurosci, Dept Pediat, Glenrose Rehabil Hosp, 10230-111 Ave, Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada. 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PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0333-5 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900003 PM 17219059 ER PT J AU Sullivan, M Finelli, J Marvin, A Garrett-Mayer, E Bauman, M Landa, R AF Sullivan, Michelle Finelli, Julianna Marvin, Alison Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth Bauman, Margaret Landa, Rebecca TI Response to joint attention in toddlers at risk for autism spectrum disorder: A prospective study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; joint attention; longitudinal; phenotype; siblings; social communication ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; VISUAL-ATTENTION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; EARLY RECOGNITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; INDIVIDUALS; SIBLINGS; PARENTS AB Response to joint attention (RJA) is impaired in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is pivotal to social and communication development. Response to joint attention was examined at 14 and 24 months in 51 children at high risk for autism (siblings of children with autism). Outcome groups at age 3 years included ASD (n = 16), broader autism phenotype (n = 8), and non-broader autism phenotype (n = 27). The ASD group made minimal improvement in RJA between 14 and 24 months, but stability of RJA across tasks increased for all three groups. Significantly, lower RJA was observed for the ASD group at 24 months. Response to joint attention performance at 14 months predicted ASD outcome. Response to joint attention is an important screening and early intervention target. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Disabil, UCED, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Landa, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. 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Steven Dykstra, Jessica Perryman, Twyla TI The first year inventory: Retrospective parent responses to a questionnaire designed to identify one-year-olds at risk for autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; infants; screening; parent questionnaire; social-communicative; sensory-regulatory ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; CHILDREN; POPULATION; TODDLERS; INFANTS; ESAT; AGE AB The First Year Inventory (FYI) is a parent questionnaire designed to assess behaviors in 12-month-olds that suggest risk for an eventual diagnosis of autism. We examined the construct validity of the FYI by comparing retrospective responses of parents of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; n = 38), other developmental disabilities (DD; n = 15), and typical development (TD; n = 40). Children with ASD were rated at significantly higher risk on the FYI than children with DD or TD. The DD group was at intermediate risk, also significantly higher than the TD group. These retrospective data strengthen the validity of the FYI and have implications for refining the FYI to improve its utility for prospective screening of 12-month-olds. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Occupat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Watson, LR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, CB 7190, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Volkmar, Fred TI Parental recognition of developmental problems in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; PDD-NOS; infants; age of recognition; regression ID LANGUAGE REGRESSION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SYMPTOM ONSET; AGE; COMMUNICATION; POPULATION; INFANCY; LIFE AB Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) begin to manifest during the first 2 years; there is limited evidence regarding type and timing of symptom onset. We examined factors related to parental age of recognition (AOR) of early abnormalities and the association between AOR and diagnosis and levels of functioning at 2 and 4 years in 75 toddlers with ASD. Results suggest significant differences between autism and PDD-NOS in the AOR and type of first concerns. Early social and motor delays as well as maternal age was associated with AOR. Later AOR was associated with poorer social-communicative and nonverbal cognitive functioning at 2 and 4. The findings are discussed in a context of identifying distinct developmental trajectories within the autism spectrum. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. RP Chawarska, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM katarzyna.chawarska@yale.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baghdadli A, 2003, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V12, P122, DOI 10.1007/s00787-003-0314-6 BLOOM L, 1997, COGNITION PERCEPTION, V2, P255 CHAWARSKA K, 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V1 CHAWARSKA K, 2007, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Christopher JA, 2004, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V16, P163, DOI 10.1023/B:JODD.0000026613.92643.60 COOPER J, 2001, INT M AUT RES IMFAR Courage ML, 2002, PSYCHOL BULL, V128, P250, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.128.2.250 Croen LA, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P217, DOI 10.1023/A:1015405914950 Davidovitch M, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P113, DOI 10.1023/A:1005403421141 De Giacomo A, 1998, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V7, P131 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x Glasson EJ, 2004, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V61, P618, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.618 Goldberg WA, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P607, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000005998.47370.ef HOSHINO Y, 1987, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V41, P237 KLIN A, 2003, HDB INFANT TODDLER M Klin A, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P1981, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.1981 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Lord C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P936, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00287.x Luyster R, 2005, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V27, P311, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2703_2 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY OLLER DK, 1998, EXPLORING SPEECH LAN, P1 Rapin I, 1998, ANN NEUROL, V43, P7, DOI 10.1002/ana.410430106 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 Rutter M, 2005, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V44, P3, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000145374.45992.c9 SHORT AB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF02211947 Siperstein R, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P731, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-5294-y Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Tolbert L, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P241, DOI 10.1023/A:1010763502253 Tuchman RF, 1997, PEDIATRICS, V99, P560, DOI 10.1542/peds.99.4.560 VOLKMAR FR, 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V1, P70 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P1450 Werner E, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P889, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.889 Werner E, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P337, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3301-6 Wilson S, 2003, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V45, P508 Zwaigenbaum L, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P143, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 NR 39 TC 50 Z9 54 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0330-8 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900006 PM 17195921 ER PT J AU Richler, J Bishop, SL Kleinke, JR Lord, C AF Richler, Jennifer Bishop, Somer L. Kleinke, Jennifer R. Lord, Catherine TI Restricted and repetitive behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE restricted and repetitive behaviors; toddlers; early indicators ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; AGE; DIAGNOSIS; MOTOR; TIME AB Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) on the Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised (ADI-R: Lord, Rutter, & Le Couteur (1994) were examined in 165 children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), 49 children with non-spectrum developmental disorders (DD), and 65 children with typical development (TD) at approximately 2 years of age. A factor analysis found evidence for a repetitive sensorimotor (RSM) factor and an insistence on sameness (IS) factor. Behaviors that loaded on the RSM factor were prevalent in children with ASD and significantly more common and severe than in children with DD or TD. On average, children with ASD had more RSM behaviors. Behaviors that loaded on the IS factor were relatively uncommon and did not differ in prevalence or severity across groups. C1 Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Richler, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, 1014 Church St,Apt C4, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0332-6 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900007 PM 17195920 ER PT J AU Carter, AS Black, DO Tewani, S Connolly, CE Kadlec, MB Tager-Flusberg, H AF Carter, Alice S. Black, David O. Tewani, Sonia Connolly, Christine E. Kadlec, Mary Beth Tager-Flusberg, Helen TI Sex differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; sex differences; toddlers; developmental profiles ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TOTAL POPULATION; FAMILY-HISTORY; QUESTIONNAIRE; INDIVIDUALS AB Although autism spectrum disorders (ASD) prevalence is higher in males than females, few studies address sex differences in developmental functioning or clinical manifestations. Participants in this study of sex differences in developmental profiles and clinical symptoms were 22 girls and 68 boys with ASD (mean age = 28 months). All children achieved strongest performance in visual reception and fine motor followed by gross motor and language functioning. Sex differences emerged in developmental profiles. Controlling for language, girls achieved higher visual reception scores than boys; boys attained higher language and motor scores and higher social-competence ratings than girls, particularly when controlling for visual reception. Longitudinal, representative studies are needed to elucidate the developmental and etiological significance of the observed sex differences. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Carter, AS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 86 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0331-7 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900008 PM 17216333 ER PT J AU Sutera, S Pandey, J Esser, EL Rosenthal, MA Wilson, LB Barton, M Green, J Hodgson, S Robins, DL Dumont-Mathieu, T Fein, D AF Sutera, Saasha Pandey, Juhi Esser, Emma L. Rosenthal, Michael A. Wilson, Leandra B. Barton, Marianne Green, James Hodgson, Sarah Robins, Diana L. Dumont-Mathieu, Thyde Fein, Deborah TI Predictors of optimal outcome in toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic spectrum; optimal outcome; recovery ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; ADI-R; AGE; INTERVENTION; PRESCHOOL; INTERVIEW; INFANCY AB A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is usually taken to be permanent. In this study, 13 two-year-old children with ASD lost the diagnosis by age 4, at which time they scored within the normal range on standardized measures of cognitive and adaptive functioning. No differences were found in symptom severity, socialization, or communication between children who lost the ASD diagnosis and children who did not, but children with PDD-NOS were significantly more likely than those with full autistic disorder to move off the spectrum. The clearest distinguishing factor was motor skills at age 2. Results support the idea that some toddlers with ASD can lose their diagnosis and suggest that this is difficult to predict. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Sutera, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd,Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM saasha.sutera@uconn.edu RI Robins, Diana/D-9959-2011 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BONO MA, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P494 Charman T, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P500, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x Cox A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P719, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00488 Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY Eaves L, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P557 Elliot C. 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M., 1988, MULTIVARIATE ANAL Volkmar F, 2005, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V56, P315, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070159 NR 38 TC 85 Z9 87 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0340-6 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900009 PM 17206522 ER PT J AU Merin, N Young, GS Ozonoff, S Rogers, SJ AF Merin, Noah Young, Gregory S. Ozonoff, Sally Rogers, Sally J. TI Visual fixation patterns during reciprocal social interaction distinguish a subgroup of 6-month-old infants at-risk for autism from comparison infants SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; siblings; Still Face paradigm; visual fixation patterns; Eye-Mouth Index (EMI); face perception; high-risk infants ID DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; ABNORMAL-DEVELOPMENT; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EYE-MOVEMENTS; FACE; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; PHENOTYPE AB Thirty-one infant siblings of children with autism and 24 comparison infants were tested at 6 months of age during social interaction with a caregiver, using a modified Still Face paradigm conducted via a closed-circuit TV-video system. In the Still Face paradigm, the mother interacts with the infant, then freezes and displays a neutral, expressionless face, then resumes interaction. Eye tracking data on infant visual fixation patterns were recorded during the three episodes of the experiment. Using a hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified a subgroup of infants demonstrating diminished gaze to the mother's eyes relative to her mouth during the Still Face episode. Ten out of the 11 infants in this subgroup had an older sibling with autism. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Neurosci Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rogers, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0342-4 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900010 PM 17191096 ER PT J AU Cassel, TD Messinger, DS Ibanez, LV Haltigan, JD Acosta, SI Buchman, AC AF Cassel, Tricia D. Messinger, Daniel S. Ibanez, Lisa V. Haltigan, John D. Acosta, Susan I. Buchman, Albert C. TI Early social and emotional communication in the infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders: An examination of the broad phenotype SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; siblings; at-risk; emotion; facial expressions; joint attention ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PARENTAL REPORTS; STILL FACE; AGE; PREVALENCE AB Infants with older siblings with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD-sibs) are at risk for socioemotional difficulties. ASD-sibs were compared to infants with typically developing older siblings (TD-sibs) using the face-to-face/still-face (FFSF) at 6 months and the Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS) at 8, 10, 12, 15, and/or 18 months. ASD-sibs smiled for a lower proportion of the FFSF than TD-sibs and lacked emotional continuity between episodes. With respect to TD-sibs, ASD-sibs engaged in lower rates of initiating joint attention at 15 months, lower rates of higher-level behavioral requests at 12 months, and responded to fewer joint attention bids at 18 months. The results suggest subtle, inconsistent, but multi-faceted deficits in emotional expression and referential communication in infants at-risk for ASDs. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Messinger, DS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, POB 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0337-1 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900011 PM 17186367 ER PT J AU Presmanes, AG Walden, TA Stone, WL Yoder, PJ AF Presmanes, Alison G. Walden, Tedra A. Stone, Wendy L. Yoder, Paul J. TI Effects of different attentional cues on responding to joint attention in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; siblings; responding to joint attention; gaze-following; nonverbal communication; language ID NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; DEFICITS; INFANTS; SKILLS; STAT AB We compared responding to joint attention (RJA) in younger siblings of children with ASD (SIBS-ASD; n = 46) and younger siblings of children developing typically (SIBS-TD; n = 35). Children were tested between 12 and 23 months of age in a situation in which an experimenter directed the child's attention to one of 8 targets. Each child responded to 10 different combinations of verbal and nonverbal cues containing varying levels of attention-specifying information. SIBS-ASD had significantly lower overall RJA scores than SIBS-TD. Moderately redundant cues were most difficult for SIBS-ASD relative to SIBS-TD; adding a point to moderately redundant cues improved RJA for SIBS-ASD, bringing them to a level of RJA commensurate with SIBS-TD. C1 Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, TRIAD, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Stone, WL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, TRIAD, Peabody 74,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM wendy.stone@vanderbilt.edu CR Baldwin D. A., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, p131 Bruner J. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0338-0 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900012 PM 17186366 ER PT J AU Toth, K Dawson, G Meltzoff, AN Greenson, J Fein, D AF Toth, Karen Dawson, Geraldine Meltzoff, Andrew N. Greenson, Jessica Fein, Deborah TI Early social, imitation, play, and language abilities of young non-autistic siblings of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; siblings; social; imitation; play; language ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMMUNICATION; SPECTRUM; PREVALENCE; SCALES; MEMORY; LIFE AB Studies are needed to better understand the broad autism phenotype in young siblings of children with autism. Cognitive, adaptive, social, imitation, play, and language abilities were examined in 42 non-autistic siblings and 20 toddlers with no family history of autism, ages 18-27 months. Siblings, as a group, were below average in expressive language and composite IQ, had lower mean receptive language, adaptive behavior, and social communication skills, and used fewer words, distal gestures, and responsive social smiles than comparison children. Additionally, parents reported social impairments in siblings by 13 months of age. These results suggest that the development of young non-autistic siblings is affected at an early age and, thus, should be closely monitored, with appropriate interventions implemented as needed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, UW Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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H., 1992, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Yirmiya N, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P511, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01528.x YIRMIYA N, 2005, ANN M COLL PROGR EXC Zwaigenbaum L, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P143, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 NR 53 TC 52 Z9 54 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0336-2 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900013 PM 17216560 ER PT J AU Iverson, JM Wozniak, RH AF Iverson, Jana M. Wozniak, Robert H. TI Variation in vocal-motor development in infant siblings of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE motor development; vocalization; language development; infant siblings ID DISORDERS; GENETICS; BEHAVIOR; AGE; COMMUNICATION; RECOGNITION; IMITATION; ABILITIES; DIAGNOSIS; SPECTRUM AB In this study we examined early motor, vocal, and communicative development in a group of younger siblings of children diagnosed with autism (Infant Siblings). Infant Siblings and no-risk comparison later-born infants were videotaped at home with a primary caregiver each month from 5 to 14 months, with follow-up at 18 months. As a group, Infant Siblings were delayed in the onset of early developmental milestones and spent significantly less time in a greater number of postures, suggestive of relative postural instability. In addition, they demonstrated attenuated patterns of change in rhythmic arm activity around the time of reduplicated babble onset; and they were highly likely to exhibit delayed language development at 18 months. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Psychol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RP Iverson, JM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychol, 3415 Sennott Sq,210 S Bouquet St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 158 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0339-z PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900014 PM 17191097 ER PT J AU Gamliel, I Yirmiya, N Sigman, M AF Gamliel, Ifat Yirmiya, Nurit Sigman, Marian TI The development of young siblings of children with autism from 4 to 54 months SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; siblings; early phenotype; cognitive skills; language skills ID FAMILY HISTORY; BROADER PHENOTYPE; HOME VIDEOTAPES; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; INDIVIDUALS; RELATIVES; PARENTS; COMMUNICATION; RECOGNITION AB Cognitive and language skills of 39 siblings of children with autism (SIBS-A) and 39 siblings of typically developing children (SIBS-TD) at ages 4, 14, 24, 36, and 54 months were compared. Twelve of the 39 SIBS-A revealed a delay in cognition and/or language (including one child diagnosed with autism) compared to only two SIBS-TD. Developmental trajectories revealed that the cognitive differences disappeared by age 54 months, but some differences in language ability remained. Thus, most SIBS-A were well-functioning, but some revealed cognitive and/or language difficulties during the preschool years. Even these siblings by and large caught up by the age of 54 months, with receptive and expressive language abilities remaining an area of difficulty for some earlier identified siblings. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Educ, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, Mt Scopus, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. 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PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0341-5 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 131XO UT WOS:000243905900015 PM 17203244 ER PT J AU Ouldim, K Natiq, A Jonveaux, P Sefiani, A AF Ouldim, Karim Natiq, Abdelhafid Jonveaux, Philippe Sefiani, Abdelaziz TI Tetrasomy 15q11-q13 diagnosed by FISH in a patient with autistic disorder SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOMES; GENETICS; DUP(15) AB We report the case of a Moroccan boy with mental retardation, hyperactivity, epilepsy, developmental problems and behavioural disorders. Cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome. Molecular cytogenetics allowed us to determine the marker as an inverted duplication of chromosome 15. It is the first case of a Moroccan patient with tetrasomy 15q in which fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) enabled us to specify the diagnosis. Interestingly, this patient has an infantile autism with cytogenetic abnormalities on chromosomal region 15q11-q13 as reported in patients with Autistic Disorder. Copyright (c) 2007 Karim Ouldim et al. C1 Inst Nath Hyg, Dept Genet Med, Rabat 11400, Morocco. Ctr Hosp Univ Nancy, Genet Lab, F-54000 Nancy, France. RP Ouldim, K (reprint author), Inst Nath Hyg, Dept Genet Med, 27 Ave Ibn Batouta,BP 796, Rabat 11400, Morocco. 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Biotechnol. PY 2007 AR 61538 DI 10.1155/2007/61538 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 151FY UT WOS:000245276500001 ER PT J AU Heinrich, H Gevensleben, H Strehl, U AF Heinrich, Hartmut Gevensleben, Holger Strehl, Ute TI Annotation: Neurofeedback - train your brain to train behaviour SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE neurofeedback; electroencephalogram (EEG); frequency bands; slow cortical potentials (SCPs); attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); epilepsy; self-regulation ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SLOW CORTICAL POTENTIALS; SELF-REGULATION; EEG BIOFEEDBACK; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; PERFORMANCE; ACTIVATION; ADHD AB Background: Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of behavioural training aimed at developing skills for self-regulation of brain activity. Within the past decade, several NF studies have been published that tend to overcome the methodological shortcomings of earlier studies. This annotation describes the methodical basis of NF and reviews the evidence base for its clinical efficacy and effectiveness in neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: In NF training, self-regulation of specific aspects of electrical brain activity is acquired by means of immediate feedback and positive reinforcement. In frequency training, activity in different EEG frequency bands has to be decreased or increased. Training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) addresses the regulation of cortical excitability. Results: NF studies revealed paradigm-specific effects on, e.g., attention and memory processes and performance improvements in real-life conditions, in healthy subjects as well as in patients. In several studies it was shown that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) improved behavioural and cognitive variables after frequency (e.g., theta/beta) training or SCP training. Neurophysiological effects could also be measured. However, specific and unspecific training effects could not be disentangled in these studies. For drug-resistant patients with epilepsy, significant and long-lasting decreases of seizure frequency and intensity through SCP training were documented in a series of studies. For other child psychiatric disorders (e.g., tic disorders, anxiety, and autism) only preliminary investigations are available.Conclusions. There is growing evidence for NF as a valuable treatment module in neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, controlled studies are necessary to establish clinical efficacy and effectiveness and to learn more about the mechanisms underlying successful training. C1 Heckscher Klin, D-81539 Munich, Germany. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01665.x PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 128CR UT WOS:000243635200002 PM 17244266 ER PT J AU Skovgaard, AM Houmann, T Christiansen, E Landorph, S Jorgensen, T Olsen, EM Heering, K Kaas-Nielsen, S Samberg, V Lichtenberg, A AF Skovgaard, Anne Mette Houmann, Tine Christiansen, Eva Landorph, Susanne Jorgensen, Torben Olsen, E. M. Heering, K. Kaas-Nielsen, S. Samberg, V. Lichtenberg, A. CA CCC 2000 Study Team TI The prevalence of mental health problems in children 1 1/2 years of age - the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE prevalence; infant-toddler; psychopathology; birth cohort; risks; infancy; comorbidity ID 3-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DC-0-3; CLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSES; VALIDITY AB Background: The Copenhagen Child Cohort, CCC 2000, was established to investigate developmental psychopathology prospectively from birth in a general population. Methods: A random sample of 211 children from the CCC 2000 was investigated when the children were 11/2 years of age. The prevalence and associates of mental health problems and psychopathology were studied by clinical and standardised strategies, including videotape recordings, parent interviews and the following instruments: The Child Behavior Check List 11/2-5 (CBCL 11/2-5), The Infant Toddler Symptom Check List (ITSCL), Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT), Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II), The Parent Child Early Relationship Assessment (PC ERA) and Parent Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIR-GAS).Results: Mental health problems according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and Diagnostic Classification Zero to Three (DC 0-3) diagnoses were found in 16-18% of 11/2-year-old children. Most common were disturbances of emotion, behaviour and eating and the DC 0-3 diagnosis of regulatory disorder. Parent-child relationship disturbances were found in 8%. High psychosocial risk was significantly associated with emotional and behavioural disorders (OR 3.1 95% (1.2-8.1)) and disturbed parent-child relationship (OR 5.0 95% (1.6-16.0)). The strongest association of risk was found between relationship disorders and emotional and behavioural disorders (OR 11.6 95% (3.8-37.5)).Conclusions: The prevalence and distribution of psychopathology in 11/2-year-old children seem to correspond to the distributions among older children. Disturbances in parent-child relationship have a key position in the risk mechanisms in early child psychopathology. C1 Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Ctr, Glostrup 2600, Denmark. Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Hosp Copenhagen, Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Glostrup, Denmark. RP Skovgaard, AM (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Ctr, Ndr Ringvej 69, Glostrup 2600, Denmark. EM ames@glostruphosp.kbhamt.dk CR Achenbach T, 2000, MANUAL ASEBA PRESCHO ACHENBACH TM, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P629, DOI 10.1007/BF00917246 Aoki Y, 2002, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V56, P493, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2002.01044.x Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 BARTON ML, 2000, HDB INFANT MENTAL HL, P311 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BRIGGSGOWAN MJ, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V40, P8 Carter AS, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P109, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00316.x Clark R., 1985, PARENT CHILD EARLY R Clark R, 1999, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V59, P821, DOI 10.1177/00131649921970161 DeGangi GA, 2000, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V21, P156, DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(200007)21:3<156::AID-IMHJ2>3.0.CO;2-D DeGangi GA, 1995, INFANT TODDLER SYMPT Del Carmen-Wiggins R, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V7, P811 EARLS F, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1153 Egger HL, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P313, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x Emde RN, 2003, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V24, P437, DOI 10.1002/imhj.10067 Esser G., 1989, MANNHEIMER ELTERNINT Fombonne B, 2002, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P52 Frankel KA, 2004, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V43, P578, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200405000-00011 JENKINS S, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P5, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb00011.x Keren M, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P27, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200101000-00013 Keren M, 2003, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V24, P337, DOI 10.1002/imhj.10060 KOOT HM, 1991, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAN S, V367, P83 LARSON CP, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V113, P278, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80265-8 Laucht M, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01602.x Laucht M, 1993, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P19 Lavigne JV, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P204, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00014 Lavigne JV, 1998, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V37, P1255, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199812000-00008 *NAT CTR INF TODDL, 1994, DIAGN CLASS 0 3 RICHMAN N, 1975, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V16, P277, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1975.tb00362.x RUTTER M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P633, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198909000-00001 Seifer R, 2000, HDB INFANT MENTAL HL, P145 Skovgaard AM, 2001, UGESKRIFT LAEGER, V163, P1112 Skovgaard AM, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P337, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0393-z Skovgaard AM, 2005, SCAND J PUBLIC HEALT, V33, P197, DOI 10.1080/14034940510005662 Skovgaard AM, 2005, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V26, P470, DOI 10.1002/imhj.20065 Sourander A, 2001, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V10, P98 *SPSS INC, 2001, STAT PACK SOC SCI 11 *TASK FORC RES DIA, 2003, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V42, P12150 Thomas A., 1963, BEHAV INDIVIDUALITY Verhust F., 1995, EPIDEMIOLOGY CHILD A, P1 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 ICD 10 CLASS, V10th Zeanah CH, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P81, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01506.x Zeanah CH, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P165, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00007 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01659.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 128CR UT WOS:000243635200007 PM 17244271 ER PT J AU Losh, M Piven, J AF Losh, Molly Piven, Joseph TI Social-cognition and the broad autism phenotype: identifying genetically meaningful phenotypes SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; broad autism phenotype; social-cognition ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; REVISED VERSION; MIND; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; PARENTS; PERSONALITY; SPECTRUM; ADULTS AB Background: Strong evidence from twin and family studies suggests that the genetic liability to autism may be expressed through personality and language characteristics qualitatively similar, but more subtly expressed than those defining the full syndrome. This study examined behavioral features of this 'broad autism phenotype' (BAP) in relation to performance on a measure of social-cognition in an attempt to tease out this complex clinical picture and identify markers of underlying neuropsychological systems of genetic significance to autism. We hypothesized that mild social-cognitive impairment would be associated with clinically defined social characteristics of the BAP (aloof personality style, lower quality social relationships, and impaired pragmatic language use). Method: Forty-eight parents of individuals with autism (13 of whom were identified as 'aloof'), and 22 control parents, were administered the 'Eyes Test', a social-cognitive measure that taps the ability to read complex psychological states from viewing only the eye region of faces. Results: Whereas social-cognitive ability was unimpaired among parents of autistic children in general, the subgroup of parents defined as 'aloof' displayed significant social-cognitive deficits on the 'Eyes Test'. Impaired social-cognitive ability was associated with low quality of friendships and problems with pragmatic language use, associations which mirror those documented in autism. Conclusions: Findings suggest that social-cognitive impairments co-segregate with conceptually related personality, social, and language features that constitute the BAP, and point towards performance on the Eyes Test as a genetically meaningful endophenotype. C1 Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Losh, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, CB 3367, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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A., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS, P57 Turner MA, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P189, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098003515 TYRER P, 1988, COURSE NR 43 TC 78 Z9 80 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01594.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 128CR UT WOS:000243635200012 PM 17244276 ER PT J AU Raymaekers, R Antrop, I van der Meere, JJ Wiersema, JR Roeyers, H AF Raymaekers, R. Antrop, I. van der Meere, J. J. Wiersema, J. R. Roeyers, H. TI HFA and ADHD: A direct comparison on state regulation and response inhibition SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; EVENT-RATE; AUTISM; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR AB This study examined whether children with high-functioning autism (HFA) are easily overaroused/ activated and whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are easily underaroused/ activated. This double dissociation was tested using a go/no-go paradigm with computer-paced fast and slow conditions and a self-paced condition. In the HFA group, a performance decline in the fast condition and slow performance in the self-paced condition were expected. In the ADHD group, a performance decline in the slow condition and fast performance in the self-paced condition were expected. No difference was found between groups for state regulation and response inhibition. Findings are discussed in the light of development, comorbidity, and subtypes. C1 Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Raymaekers, R (reprint author), Res Grp Dev Disorders, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. 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L., 2002, DATA ANAL BEHAV SCI WELSH MC, 1988, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V4, P199 Wiersema JR, 2005, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V28, P831, DOI 10.1007/s10545-005-0110-1 Wiersema R, 2006, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V28, P1113, DOI 10.1080/13803390500212896 Wiersema R, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P560, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01592.x NR 55 TC 18 Z9 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 418 EP 427 DI 10.1080/13803390600737990 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 177EP UT WOS:000247136700008 PM 17497565 ER PT J AU Hillier, A Campbell, H Keillor, J Phillips, N Beversdorf, DQ AF Hillier, Ashleigh Campbell, Heather Keillor, Jocelyn Phillips, Nicole Beversdorf, David Q. TI Decreased false memory for visually presented shapes and symbols among adults on the autism spectrum SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORPUS-CALLOSUM; ABSTRACT IDEAS; RECOGNITION; RECALL; CHILDREN; DISCRIMINATION; ACTIVATION; ILLUSIONS; DISORDER; INTACT AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorders ( ASD) have been shown in some studies to be less susceptible to the verbal "false memory" effect, perhaps due to restricted semantic associative networks. High-functioning individuals with ASD can demonstrate subtle language impairments. However, relative preservation of spatial skills can also be observed. This study investigated false memory in both visual and verbal paradigms to elucidate whether adults with ASD would be more or less prone to illusory recognition in a visual paradigm that contained slides of geometric figures with minimal linguistic and semantic associative representation. In the verbal paradigm, modeled on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott method, those with ASD did not perform significantly better than a matched comparison group. In contrast, in the visual paradigm those with ASD were significantly better able to discriminate true items from lure items and were less likely to falsely recognize the lures. Findings from the visual paradigm provide further evidence of restricted associative networks in ASD, particularly in the spatial domain. C1 Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Def Res & Dev Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beversdorf, DQ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 4th Floor Means Hall,1654 Upham Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 6 BP 610 EP 616 DI 10.1080/13803390600878760 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 208ZS UT WOS:000249358500004 PM 17691033 ER PT J AU Brune, CW Woodward, AL AF Brune, Camille W. Woodward, Amanda L. TI Social cognition and social responsiveness in 10-month-old infants SO JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; INTENTIONAL ACTION; EYE DIRECTION; GAZE; BEHAVIOR; LOOKING; ORIGINS; AUTISM; OBJECT; POINT AB in this study, we investigated relations between infants' understanding of intentional actions and measures of social responsiveness during a transitional period, 9- to 11-months. Infants (N = 52) were tested in visual habituation paradigms tapping their understanding of the relation between a person and the object of her attention. Measures of social responsiveness included orienting to the target of another's attention, point production, and supported joint attention in parent-child play. Infants' responses to the habituation events were related to their social responsiveness. Distinct factors for understanding actions and social responsiveness as relational were revealed. Infants who produced object-directed points were more likely to understand pointing as relational, and infants who engaged in high amounts of shared attention were more likely to understand gaze. Infants' tendency to orient in response to an adult's gaze shifts and points was unrelated to their understanding of gaze and pointing. These findings elucidate the ways in which social cognition and social responsiveness, although distinct, are related in development. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Brune, CW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, 1747 W Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. 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Cogn. Dev. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 133 EP 158 DI 10.1080/15248370701202331 PG 26 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 174MU UT WOS:000246947200001 ER PT J AU Addy, K Shannon, K Brookfield, K AF Addy, Karen Shannon, Karen Brookfield, Kevin TI Theory of mind function, motor empathy, emotional empathy and schizophrenia: A single case study SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE violence; theory of mind; schizophrenia; paranoid delusional beliefs ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MENTAL-DISORDER; AUTISM; VIOLENT; PEOPLE; ADULTS; IMITATION; BEHAVIOR; EYES AB It has been proposed that theory of mind dysfunction contributes to the development of paranoid schizophrenia. The inability to represent others' thoughts and feelings has implications for the type of behaviour expressed by people with delusional beliefs. Evidence has shown that a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of violence. This case study explores the role of theory of mind and emotional processing in the violent index offence of a 33-year-old man (SB) with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. Neuropsychological and theory of mind assessment measures were administered during SB's admission to medium secure services. SB was found to be within the average range on standardised neuropsychological assessment measures but was found to be significantly impaired on measures examining theory of mind and various aspects of emotional functioning. The implications of SB's emotional deficits within the context of his index offence are discussed. C1 NW Wales NHS Trust, Heulwen Unit, Dept Psychol, Bangor LL57 2PW, Gwynedd, Wales. Mersey Care NHS Trust, Mersey, England. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Addy, K (reprint author), NW Wales NHS Trust, Heulwen Unit, Dept Psychol, Bangor LL57 2PW, Gwynedd, Wales. EM karen.addy@nww-tr.wales.nhs.uk CR Abu-Akel A, 2004, SCHIZOPHR RES, V69, P45, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00049-5 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P3 Baron-Cohen S, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P163, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P241, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006643 BaronCohen S, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Benton A. 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Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1080/09670870701292746 PG 14 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA 202GI UT WOS:000248889600001 ER PT J AU Wirojanan, J Yuhas, J Harris, S Cook, K Goodlin-Jones, BL Ono, M Hagerman, RJ AF Wirojanan, J. Yuhas, J. Harris, S. Cook, K. Goodlin-Jones, B. L. Ono, M. Hagerman, R. J. TI Are TICS in fragile x syndrome related to autism? SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Conference of the Western Student Medical Research Forum/Western Section of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research/Western Association-of-Physicians/Western-Society-for-Pediatric-Research/Western -Society-for-Clinical-Investigation CY FEB 02, 2007 CL Monterey, CA SP Amer Federat Med Res, Western Sect, Western Assoc Phys, Western Soc Pediat Res, Western Soc Clin Invest C1 Univ Calif Davis, Hlth Syst, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Pediat, Hat Yai, Thailand. Univ Calif Davis, Hlth Syst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Hlth Syst, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 SU S BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 185DU UT WOS:000247692400047 ER PT J AU Geier, DA Geier, MR AF Geier, David A. Geier, Mark R. TI A prospective study of thimerosal-containing Rho(D)-immune globulin administration as a risk factor for autistic disorders SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE developmental delay; ethylmercury; rhogam; thimerosal; thiomersal ID IN-VITRO; ANTENATAL PROPHYLAXIS; RH ISOIMMUNIZATION; MERCURY LEVELS; CELL-DEATH; CHILDREN; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; RELEASE; MONKEYS AB Background. This study evaluated the relationship between prenatal mercury exposure from thimerosal (49.55% mercury by weight)-containing Rho(D)-immune globulins (TCRs) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods. The Institutional Review Board of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A total of 53 consecutive non-Jewish Caucasian patients with ASDs (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth ed. - DSM IV) born between 1987 and 2001 who presented to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient genetic/developmental evaluations were prospectively collected from June 1, 2005 through March 31, 2006. Imaging and laboratory testing were conducted on each patient to rule out other causal factors for their ASDs. As race-matched controls, the frequency of Rh negativity was determined from 926 non-Jewish Caucasian pregnant women who had presented for outpatient prenatal genetics care to the Genetic Centers of America between 1980 and 1989. Results. Children with ASDs (28.30%) were significantly more likely (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.17-4.52, p < 0.01) to have Rh-negative mothers than controls (14.36%). Each ASD patient's mother was determined to have been administered a TCR during her pregnancy. Conclusion. The results provide insights into the potential role prenatal mercury exposuremay play in some children with ASDs. C1 Inst Chron Illnesses, Silver Spring, MD USA. Genet Ctr Amer, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Geier, MR (reprint author), 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. 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Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1080/14767050701228057 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 183ZH UT WOS:000247610400004 PM 17674242 ER PT J AU Raefski, AS Carone, BR Kaur, A Krueger, W O'Neill, MJ AF Raefski, Adam S. Carone, Benjamin R. Kaur, Anupinder Krueger, Winfried O'Neill, Michael J. TI Wnt pathway anomalies in developing Amygdalae of Turner syndrome-like mice SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wnt; Amygdala; Turner syndrome; autistic spectrum disorder; cognition; development; social behavior ID X-LINKED GENES; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; FEAR RECOGNITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; GLYPICAN-3; CATENIN; GASTRULATION; MECHANISM AB Certain neurobehavioral deficiencies associated with Turner Syndrome have been attributed to brain volumetric abnormalities, particularly of the amygdala. Haplo-insufficiency of a non-dosage compensated gene or genes on the X chromosome has been hypothesized to be the cause of the neuroanatomical defect. We examined gene expression levels of 6,628 genes in developing amygdalae of late-stage embryos of a mouse model for Turner Syndrome. In total, 161 genes show significant differences in expression level between TS and normal female amygdala. In silico pathway analysis of both X-linked and autosomal mis-regulated genes suggests that modulation of Wnt signaling is a critical factor in the normal growth and development of the amygdala. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP O'Neill, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, BH 335 354 Mansfield Rd,Unit 2131, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. 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Mol. Neurosci. PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s12031-007-0022-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 187FT UT WOS:000247833700003 PM 17873295 ER PT J AU Hill, JM Hauser, JM Sheppard, LM Abebe, D Spivak-Pohis, I Kushnir, M Deitch, I Gozes, I AF Hill, Joanna M. Hauser, Janet M. Sheppard, Lia M. 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Similar treatment of neonatal rodents also causes developmental delays and impaired diurnal rhythms, and the adult brains of these animals exhibit neuronal dystrophy and increased VIP binding. These data suggest that blockage of VIP during the development of the nervous system can result in permanent changes to the brain. In the current study, pregnant mice were treated with a VIP antagonist during embryonic days 8 through 10. The adult male offspring were examined in tests of novelty, paired activity, and social recognition. Brain tissue was examined for several measures of chemistry and gene expression of VIP and related compounds. Glial cells from the cortex of treated newborn mice were plated with neurons and examined for VIP binding and their ability to enhance neuronal survival. Treated adult male mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and deficits in social behavior. Brain tissue exhibited regionally specific changes in VIP chemistry and a trend toward increased gene expression of VIP and related compounds that reached statistical significance in the VIP receptor, VPAC-1, in the female cortex. When compared to control astrocytes, astrocytes from treated cerebral cortex produced further increases in neuronal survival with excess synaptic connections and reduced VIP binding. In conclusion, impaired VIP activity during mouse embryogenesis resulted in permanent changes to both adult brain chemistry/cell biology and behavior with aspects of autism-like social deficits. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Human Mol Genet & Biochem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NICHD, Lab Dev Neurosci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 21029 USA. RP Gozes, I (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Human Mol Genet & Biochem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. 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