FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Porter, KK Constantinidou, F Marron, KH AF Porter, Kelly Knollman Constantinidou, Fofi Marron, Kathleen Hutchinson TI Speech-Language Pathology and Concussion Management in Intercollegiate Athletics: The Miami University Concussion Management Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPORTS-RELATED CONCUSSION; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MILD HEAD-INJURY; HIGH-SCHOOL; NEUROCOGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; COLLEGIATE; SYMPTOMS; IMPACT; RECOVERY; STATEMENT AB Purpose: The Miami University Concussion Management Program was established in 1999 to assess, manage, and monitor athletes who sustain concussions and experience neurobehavioral and neurocognitive symptoms secondary to their injury. The purpose of this article is to describe the established procedures of one of the oldest universitybased interdisciplinary concussion management programs that is coordinated by speech-language pathologists (SLP). Method: The theoretical and clinical underpinnings of baseline and postconcussion neurocognitive assessment and management procedures are discussed. Additionally, 2 illustrative case studies are presented to demonstrate the evolution and implementation of the interdisciplinary concussion management protocol and to present different patterns of concussion symptoms and recovery. Paper and computer-based neurocognitive assessment protocols are discussed and integrated in the case studies. Results/Conclusions: Successful management of sport-related concussion requires an interdisciplinary team that understands the unique neurobehavioral and neurocognitive symptoms associated with sports concussions. SLPs can play a valuable role on the interdisciplinary team in the prompt and appropriate management of postconcussion symptoms so that athletes can successfully return to their athletic, academic, and social activities. C1 [Porter, Kelly Knollman; Constantinidou, Fofi; Marron, Kathleen Hutchinson] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Constantinidou, Fofi] Univ Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Porter, KK (reprint author), Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0126 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400002 ER PT J AU Mantie-Kozlowski, A Pitt, K AF Mantie-Kozlowski, Alana Pitt, Kevin TI Treating Myofunctional Disorders: A Multiple-Baseline Study of a New Treatment Using Electropalatography SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TONGUE-THRUST; CEREBRAL-PALSY; OPEN BITE; MOTOR; KNOWLEDGE AB Purpose: This study assessed the benefit of using electropalatography (EPG) in treatment aimed at habilitating individuals with nonspeech orofacial myofunctional disorders (NSOMD). Method: The study used a multiple-baseline design across 3 female participants who were referred for an evaluation and possible treatment of their NSOMD. Treatment sessions were 30 min and provided twice weekly. Participant 1 received 8 treatments, Participant 2 received 6 treatments, and Participant 3 received 4 treatments. The patterns of sensor activation produced when participants' tongues made contact with the electropalate during saliva swallows were compared with the patterns of age-matched peers. Individualized goals were developed on the basis of these comparisons. Results: Treatment was generally effective for the established goals. Of the 3 participants, 2 met all their goals, and the 3rd participant made gains across 1 of 2 goals. Participants continued to perform above baseline levels for most targeted goals during testing 5-8 weeks posttreatment. Conclusion: When used in skilled treatment, EPG has potential as a means of habilitating NSOMD. It may serve as a valuable tool, providing the clinician and client with information that allows for individualized treatment planning. C1 [Mantie-Kozlowski, Alana; Pitt, Kevin] Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-14-0001 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400003 PM 25178428 ER PT J AU Plante, E Ogilvie, T Vance, R Aguilar, JM Dailey, NS Meyers, C Lieser, AM Burton, R AF Plante, Elena Ogilvie, Trianna Vance, Rebecca Aguilar, Jessica M. Dailey, Natalie S. Meyers, Christina Lieser, Anne Marie Burton, Rebecca TI Variability in the Language Input to Children Enhances Learning in a Treatment Context SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 8-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; IMPAIRMENT; GRAMMAR; INTERVENTION; SPEECH; ADULTS; DEPENDENCIES; FACILITATION; ACQUISITION; FREQUENCY AB Purpose: Artificial language learning studies have demonstrated that learners exposed to many different nonword combinations representing a grammatical form demonstrate rapid learning of that form without explicit instruction. However, learners presented with few exemplars, even when they are repeated frequently, fail to learn the underlying grammar. This study translated this experimental finding in a therapeutic context. Method: Eighteen preschool children with language impairment received conversational recast treatment for morpheme errors. Over a 6-week period, half heard 12 unique verbs twice each during recasts (low-variability condition), and half heard 24 unique verbs (high-variability condition). Children's use of trained and untrained morphemes on generalization probes as well as spontaneous use of trained morphemes was tracked throughout treatment. Results: The high-variability condition only produced significant change in children's use of trained morphemes, but not untrained morphemes. Data from individual children confirmed that more children in the high-than the low-variability condition showed a strong treatment effect. Children in the high-variability condition also produced significantly more unique utterances containing their trained morpheme than children in the low-variability condition. Conclusion: The results support the use of highly variable input in a therapeutic context to facilitate grammatical morpheme learning. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 530 EP 545 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0038 PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400004 PM 24700145 ER PT J AU Behrman, A AF Behrman, Alison TI Segmental and Prosodic Approaches to Accent Management SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN ACCENT; SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; SEMANTIC CONTEXT; AMERICAN ENGLISH; L2 SPEECH; LANGUAGE; COMPREHENSION; INTONATION; PRONUNCIATION; 2ND-LANGUAGE AB Purpose: This study investigated the relative outcomes of segmental and prosodic training of nonnative speakers of American English. Method: The study used a single-subject, alternating treatments, multiple baseline design with replication across participants and counterbalanced for order effect. Participants were 4 adult male native Hindi speakers proficient in English. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 546 EP 561 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0074 PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400005 PM 24687003 ER PT J AU Calculator, SN AF Calculator, Stephen N. TI Parents' Perceptions of Communication Patterns and Effectiveness of Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems by Their Children With Angelman Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEVERE DISABILITIES; AAC; INDIVIDUALS; CHALLENGES; LANGUAGE; PERSPECTIVES; ACCEPTANCE; EDUCATION; BENEFITS; STUDENTS AB Purpose: The author describes communication patterns and outcomes of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention for individuals with Angelman syndrome. Method: Parents self-administered a web-based survey using Qualtrics software. A series of rating scales and closed questions were used to gather information about individuals' current methods of communication, including AAC devices they were using. Individuals' uses of their single most advanced AAC devices were further explored in terms of associated importance, usefulness, success, acceptance, and functional outcomes. Results: Nonsymbolic methods of communication proved to be very important to individuals, as did electronic AAC devices, although to a lesser extent. Individuals tended to have access to more than one electronic device concurrently. Although numerous devices were cited, mobile technologies, particularly iPads, were especially prevalent. This represented a significant change from a previous investigation. Overall, device use was perceived to be frequently important, accepted, successful, and useful in relation to 8 different factors, although ratings across a series of 19 functional outcomes varied. Differences were noted on several measures when individuals' ages and educational placements were considered. Conclusion: Results suggest a changing landscape in terms of types of devices used, particularly with respect to mobile technologies, and showclear evidence that device use is often, although not uniformly, associated with positive outcomes. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Calculator, SN (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM stephen.calculator@unh.edu CR Aldridge A., 2001, SURVEYING SOCIAL WOR Alvares RL, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P14 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2002, AUGM ALT COMM KNOWL American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004, TECHNICAL REPORT Bailey RL, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V37, P50, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2006/006) Blackstone S., 2003, SOCIAL NETWORKS COMM Blackstone S., 2011, M SPEECH HEAR ASS VI Calculator S. N., 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P3340 Calculator SN, 2013, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V26, P557, DOI 10.1111/jar.12048 Calculator SN, 2009, INT J INCLUSIVE EDUC, V13, P93, DOI 10.1080/13603110701284656 Calculator SN, 2009, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V18, P329, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0065) Calculator SN, 2013, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V29, P146, DOI 10.3109/07434618.2013.784804 Calculator SN, 2010, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V26, P30, DOI 10.3109/07434610903585406 Cress CJ, 2004, TOP LANG DISORD, V24, P51 Dale A., 2006, INT J SOC RES METHOD, V9, P143, DOI 10.1080/13645570600595330 Dan B, 2009, EPILEPSIA, V50, P2331, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02311.x Dempsey L, 2010, J COMMUN DISORD, V43, P424, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.05.004 Didden R, 2009, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V22, P526, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00520.x Didden R, 2004, DISABIL REHABIL, V26, P1263, DOI 10.1080/09638280412331280271 Duker PC, 2002, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V46, P35, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00355.x Finke EH, 2012, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V28, P117, DOI 10.3109/07434618.2012.677959 Gentile JK, 2010, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V31, P592, DOI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181ee408e Groves Robert M., 2004, SURVEY ERRORS SURVEY Johnson JM, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P85, DOI 10.1080/07434610500483588 JOLLEFF N, 1993, ARCH DIS CHILD, V69, P148 Jorgensen C. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 562 EP 573 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0140 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400006 PM 24700165 ER PT J AU Gross, M Buac, M Kaushanskaya, M AF Gross, Megan Buac, Milijana Kaushanskaya, Margarita TI Conceptual Scoring of Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Measures in Simultaneous and Sequential Bilingual Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; LEXICAL DEVELOPMENT; WORKING-MEMORY; ENGLISH; LANGUAGE; TODDLERS; SPANISH; SKILLS; PRESCHOOLERS; PERFORMANCE AB Purpose: The authors examined the effects of conceptual scoring on the performance of simultaneous and sequential bilinguals on standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary measures in English and Spanish. Method: Participants included 40 English-speaking monolingual children, 39 simultaneous Spanish-English bilingual children, and 19 sequential bilingual children, ages 5-7. The children completed standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary measures in English and also in Spanish for those who were bilingual. After the standardized administration, bilingual children were given the opportunity to respond to missed items in their other language to obtain a conceptual score. Results: Controlling for group differences in socioeconomic status (SES), both simultaneous and sequential bilingual children scored significantly below monolingual children on single-language measures of English receptive and expressive vocabulary. Conceptual scoring removed the significant difference between monolingual and simultaneous bilingual children in the receptive modality but not in the expressive modality; differences remained between monolingual and sequential bilingual children in both modalities. However, in both bilingual groups, conceptual scoring increased the proportion of children with vocabulary scores within the average range. Conclusion: Conceptual scoring does not fully ameliorate the bias inherent in single-language standardized vocabulary measures for bilingual children, but the procedures employed here may assist in ruling out vocabulary deficits, particularly in typically developing simultaneous bilingual children. C1 [Gross, Megan; Buac, Milijana; Kaushanskaya, Margarita] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kaushanskaya, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kaushanskaya@wisc.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R03 DC010465-01, R01 DC011750, T32 HD049899-08]; NIH [R03 DC0104565-01, T32 DC005359-10] FX This research was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants R03 DC010465-01 and R01 DC011750 awarded to Margarita Kaushanskaya, Training Grant T32 HD049899-08 awarded to Megan Gross, and the NIH Diversity Supplement R03 DC0104565-01 and Training Grant T32 DC005359-10 awarded to Milijana Buac. We thank Barbara Pearson for her insightful suggestions about the uses and limitations of conceptual scoring. We acknowledge Christina Ausick for experiment development; Michelle Batko, Nicole Compty, Katie Engh, Regina Estrada, Kiran Gosal, Allison Holt, Shu- ting Hsieh, Liz Jaramillo, Hailey Kuettner, Eva Lopez, Jessica Martalock, Breana Mudrock, Nivi Nair, Sarah Naumann, Emily Silverberg, and Kris Wright for assistance with recruitment, data collection, and coding; and members of the Language Acquisition and Bilingualism Lab for helpful comments during the preparation of this article. In addition, we are grateful to Sara Lopez, Eduardo Montoya (Iglesia Presbiteriana Ebenezer), and Gerson and Lillian Amaya (Iglesia Evangelica Haziel) for providing community testing space. Finally, we deeply appreciate all of the children and parents who participated in the study. 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L., 2012, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 574 EP 586 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0026 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400007 PM 24811415 ER PT J AU Iyer, SN Ertmer, DJ AF Iyer, Suneeti Nathani Ertmer, David J. TI Relationships Between Vocalization Forms and Functions in Infancy: Preliminary Implications for Early Communicative Assessment and Intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOCAL DEVELOPMENT; LANGUAGE; LIFE AB Purpose: This preliminary study explored relationships between form and function in prelinguistic vocalizations to increase our understanding of early communicative development and to provide potential clinical implications for early communicative assessment and intervention. Method: Twenty typically developing infants-5 infants in each of 4 age groups, from 3 to 20 months of age-were included. Vocalizations from these infants had previously been categorized for their form (Nathani, Ertmer, & Stark, 2006) and function (Stark, Bernstein, & Demorest, 1993) characteristics. In the present study, cross-classification tabulations between form and function were conducted to examine relationships between vocalization types and their apparent uses. Results: As anticipated, earlier developing forms were mostly associated with earlier developing functions, and later developing forms were mostly associated with later developing functions. However, there were some exceptions such that some forms were associated with a variety of functions, and vice versa. Conclusions: The results suggest that some forms are more tightly coupled to function than others in the prelinguistic and early linguistic period. Preliminary implications for developmental theory, future research, and clinical applications are discussed. Larger, longitudinal studies with typical and atypical populations and stricter methodological controls are needed to validate these findings. C1 [Iyer, Suneeti Nathani] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0091 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400008 PM 25029461 ER PT J AU Skelton, SL Hagopian, AL AF Skelton, Steven L. Hagopian, Aubrie Lynn TI Using Randomized Variable Practice in the Treatment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISORDERS; EFFICACY; CHILDREN AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if randomized variable practice, a central component of concurrent treatment, would be effective and efficient in treating childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Concurrent treatment is a treatment program that takes the speech task hierarchy and randomizes it so that all tasks are worked on in one session. Previous studies have shown the treatment program to be effective and efficient in treating phonological and articulation disorders. The program was adapted to be used with children with CAS. Method: A research design of multiple baselines across participants was used. Probes of generalization to untaught words were administered every fifth session. Three children, ranging in age from 4 to 6 years old, were the participants. Data were collected as percent correct productions during baseline, treatment, and probes of generalization of target sounds to untaught words and three-word phrases. Results: All participants showed an increase in correct productions during treatment and during probes. Effect sizes (standard mean difference) for treatment were 3.61-5.00, and for generalization probes, they were 3.15-8.51. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that randomized variable practice as used in concurrent treatment can be adapted for use in treating children with CAS. Replication of this study with other children presenting CAS will be needed to establish generality of the findings. C1 [Skelton, Steven L.; Hagopian, Aubrie Lynn] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Skelton, SL (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. EM sskelton@csufresno.edu CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, TECHNICAL REPORT Busk PL, 1992, SINGLE CASE RES DESI, P187 Byiers BJ, 2012, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V21, P397, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0036) Edeal DM, 2011, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V20, P95, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/09-0005) Gierut JA, 2011, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V25, P975, DOI 10.3109/02699206.2011.601392 Goldman R, 2000, GOLDMAN FRISTOE TEST Hall P., 2007, DEV APRAXIA SPEECH T, P87 Hall P., 2007, DEV APRAXIA SPEECH T, P13 Hayden D., 1999, VERBAL MOTOR PRODUCT Hresko W. P., 1999, TEST EARLY LANGUAGE Kazdin A. E., 2010, SINGLE CASE RES DESI Lewis BA, 2004, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V35, P122, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2004/014) Maas E, 2012, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V55, P561, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/11-0120) Maas E, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P277, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/025) Robin D. A., 2007, DEV APRAXIA SPEECH T, P67 Ruscello DM, 2008, TREATING ARTICULATIO Schmidt L., 2005, MOTOR CONTROL LEARNI SHRIBERG LD, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P256 Shriberg LD, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P708 Skelton S. L., 2009, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Skelton S. L., 2005, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Skelton SL, 2004, J COMMUN DISORD, V37, P131, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2003.08.002 Skelton SL, 2004, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V99, P602, DOI 10.2466/pms.99.2.602-604 Strand E. A., 1999, CLIN MANAGEMENT MOTO, P109 Strand EA, 2000, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V8, P295 Strand EA, 2006, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V14, P297 Yorkston K. M., 1996, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V5, P55 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 599 EP 611 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-12-0169 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400009 PM 25017177 ER PT J AU Douglas, NF Hinckley, JJ Haley, WE Andel, R Chisolm, TH Eddins, AC AF Douglas, Natalie F. Hinckley, Jacqueline J. Haley, William E. Andel, Ross Chisolm, Theresa H. Eddins, Ann C. TI Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologists Linked to Evidence-Based Practice Use in Skilled Nursing Facilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERVICES PARIHS FRAMEWORK; HEALTH-SERVICES; PROMOTING ACTION; SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION; ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS; STROKE REHABILITATION; HOME RESIDENTS; MENTAL-HEALTH; MEMORY AIDS; DEMENTIA AB Purpose: This study explored whether perceptions of evidence or organizational context were associated with the use of external memory aids with residents with dementia in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Method: A survey design, supplemented by a small sample of exploratory interviews, was completed within the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework. Ninety-six speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and 68 facility rehabilitation directors (FRDs) completed the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (Helfrich, Li, Sharp, & Sales, 2009) in relationship to the use of external memory aids. Five SLPs completed an interview exploring perceptions of evidence and context in relationship to memory aid use. Results: SLPs and FRDs had favorable perceptions of evidence supporting memory aids. FRDs perceived the organizational context of the SNF more favorably than SLPs. SLP participants used external memory aids in the past 6 months in 45.89% of cases of residents with dementia. For SLP participants, a 26% (p <.05) increase of external memory aid use was associated with every 1-unit change in favor of the evidence. Interview data revealed barriers to external memory aid implementation. Conclusions: Part of evidence-based practice implementation may be influenced by clinician perceptions. Efforts to increase implementation of external memory aids in SNFs should address these clinician perceptions. C1 [Douglas, Natalie F.] Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Hinckley, Jacqueline J.; Haley, William E.; Andel, Ross; Chisolm, Theresa H.; Eddins, Ann C.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. RP Douglas, NF (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM natalie.douglas@cmich.edu CR Aarons GA, 2012, IMPLEMENT SCI, V7, DOI 10.1186/1748-5908-7-56 Andrews-Salvia M, 2003, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V11, P51 Bayley MT, 2012, DISABIL REHABIL, V34, P1633, DOI 10.3109/09638288.2012.656790 Bourgeois M. S., 2001, AAC AUGMENTATIVE ALT, V17, P196, DOI 10.1080/714043383 Bourgeois M. S., 2009, DEMENTIA DIAGNOSIS M BOURGEOIS MS, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P1344 Bourgeois M. 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Q, 2002, QUALITATIVE RES EVAL Pollock AS, 2000, CLIN REHABIL, V14, P611, DOI 10.1191/0269215500cr369oa Powell BJ, 2012, MED CARE RES REV, V69, P123, DOI 10.1177/1077558711430690 Rycroft-Malone J, 2004, J NURS CARE QUAL, V19, P297 Shewhart A., 1931, EC CONTROL QUALITY M Sohlberg MM, 2007, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V15, pXV Stetler CB, 2011, IMPLEMENT SCI, V6, DOI 10.1186/1748-5908-6-99 Vallino-Napoli L., 2004, INT J SPEECH LANGUAG, V6, P107 Varkey P, 2007, MAYO CLIN PROC, V82, P735 Zipoli RP, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P208, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/021) NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 612 EP 624 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0139 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400010 PM 24989317 ER PT J AU Franklin, AD Stoel-Gammon, C AF Franklin, Amber D. Stoel-Gammon, Carol TI Using Multiple Measures to Document Change in English Vowels Produced by Japanese, Korean, and Spanish Speakers: The Case for Goodness and Intelligibility SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN ENGLISH; ACCENTED ENGLISH; NATIVE SPEAKERS; L2 SPEECH; LEARNERS; COMPREHENSIBILITY; ACQUISITION; EXPERIENCE; QUALITY AB Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of using goodness ratings and intelligibility scores to document changes in vowel production following pronunciation training. The relationship between listener perceptions of goodness and intelligibility was also examined. Method: Fifteen English language learner speakers (5 Japanese, 5 Korean, and 5 Spanish) participated in 16 sessions of vowel-focused pronunciation training. Pre- and posttraining judgments of 10 English vowels in /hVt/ context were conducted by 25 monolingual English speakers who served as listeners. Listeners judged vowel intelligibility using a 10-alternative forced-choice task and rated goodness using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Goodness ratings and intelligibility scores captured improvement in the accuracy of several vowels following training. However, some vowels that received better mean intelligibility scores received poorer mean goodness ratings following training. The relationship between goodness ratings and intelligibility scores revealed that vowels such as /ae/ and /boolean AND/ were more dependent on goodness for intelligibility than vowels such as /i/ and /e/, which were highly intelligible even when they received poor goodness ratings. Conclusion: English vowels differ with respect to the importance of goodness for accurate identification by listeners. As such, clinicians should examine both goodness and intelligibility when measuring change following pronunciation training. C1 [Franklin, Amber D.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Stoel-Gammon, Carol] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Franklin, AD (reprint author), Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM franklad@miamiOh.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health [F31 HD046412-05] FX The preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Fellowship F31 HD046412-05. Special thanks to Lesley Olswang, Karen Pollock, and Tanya Eadie for their guidance and to Geralyn Timler, Kristina Gehrman, Cassandra Guarneros, and Kara Oksanen for their feedback during manuscript preparation and revision. 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Matsuo, Hisako Becker, Jenna C. TI Emotion Identification From Facial Expressions in Children Adopted Internationally SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNICATION; RECOGNITION; OUTCOMES; CARE; CHILDHOOD; ACCURACY; FEELINGS AB Purpose: Children adopted internationally who are exposed to institutional care receive less social interaction than children reared in families. These children spend their preadoptive life with individuals from their birth country and are adopted into families who may look and interact differently. The presumed patterns of limited social stimulation and transition from ethnically similar to ethnically and culturally different social interactions may affect these children's ability to accurately identify emotions from facial expressions. Method: Thirty-five 4-year-old children adopted from Asia and Eastern Europe by U.S. families were compared with 33 nonadopted peers on the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy, Version 2 (DANVA2) Faces subtests. Correlation and regression analyses were completed with preadoption (adoption age, foster care exposure), postadoption environment (postadoption care duration, number of siblings, socioeconomic status), and individual (chronological age, gender, language competence) variables to determine related and predictive variables. Results: The nonadopted group demonstrated better emotion identification than children internationally adopted, but no region-of-origin differences were found. English language performance was correlated with and predicted 20% of the variance in emotion identification of facial expressions on the DANVA2. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 641 EP 654 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-14-0009 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400012 PM 24989648 ER PT J AU Gibson, TA Pena, ED Bedore, LM AF Gibson, Todd A. Pena, Elizabeth D. Bedore, Lisa M. TI The Receptive-Expressive Gap in Bilingual Children With and Without Primary Language Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDOMINANTLY SPANISH-SPEAKING; PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION; GRAMMATICAL MORPHOLOGY; ENGLISH-SPEAKING; LEXICAL ACCESS; SPEECH-PERCEPTION; WORD PRODUCTION; AGE-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOLERS; VOCABULARY AB Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the magnitude of the discrepancy between standardized measures of receptive and expressive semantic knowledge, known as a receptive-expressive gap, for bilingual children with and without primary language impairment (PLI). Method: Spanish and English measures of semantic knowledge were administered to 37 Spanish-English bilingual 7- to 10-year old children with PLI and to 37 Spanish-English bilingual peers with typical development (TD). Parents and teachers completed questionnaires that yielded day-by-day and hour-by-hour information regarding children's exposure to and use of Spanish and English. Results: Children with PLI had significantly larger discrepancies between receptive and expressive semantics standard scores than their bilingual peers with TD. The receptive-expressive gap for children with PLI was predicted by current English experience, whereas the best predictor for children with TD was cumulative English experience. Conclusions: As a preliminary explanation, underspecified phonological representations due to bilingual children's divided language input as well as differences in their languages' phonological systems may result in a discrepancy between standardized measures of receptive and expressive semantic knowledge. This discrepancy is greater for bilingual children with PLI because of the additional difficulty these children have in processing phonetic information. Future research is required to understand these underlying processes. C1 [Gibson, Todd A.; Pena, Elizabeth D.; Bedore, Lisa M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Gibson, TA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM toddandrewgibson@lsu.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R21HD053223] FX This research was funded by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant R21HD053223. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 655 EP 667 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-12-0119 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400013 PM 25029625 ER PT J AU Blyth, KM McCabe, P Heard, R Clark, J Madill, C Ballard, KJ AF Blyth, Katrina M. McCabe, Patricia Heard, Robert Clark, Jonathan Madill, Catherine Ballard, Kirrie J. TI Cancers of the Tongue and Floor of Mouth: Five-Year File Audit Within the Acute Phase SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-FLAP RECONSTRUCTION; OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER; SPEECH; GLOSSECTOMY; DYSPHAGIA; SURGERY AB Purpose: The impact of patient, surgical, and rehabilitation factors on speech and swallowing in the acute phase for patients following tongue and/or floor of mouth cancer surgery has not been reported to date. This study reviewed functional outcomes over a 5-year period at an Australian tertiary hospital. Method: Patient medical files from July 2006 through 2011 were audited. Patient demographics, tumor and treatment, along with speech-language pathology (SLP) intervention details were examined. Results: Speech and swallow function were significantly different between those with primary closure and those requiring reconstruction, with significantly higher referral rate to SLP following reconstruction. The clinical speech and swallow function at SLP assessment following reconstruction was a predictor for the number of SLP intervention sessions provided. The number of intervention sessions provided to these patients significantly correlated with upgrade in fluids during hospitalization. Conclusion: This is the first published study to report a relationship between function and dosage of clinical SLP intervention with this population. It is also the first known study to audit comprehensive functional outcomes in the acute phase of recovery with an Australian cohort. The findings contribute to establishing evidence-based SLP practice with this population. C1 [Blyth, Katrina M.; Clark, Jonathan] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Blyth, Katrina M.; McCabe, Patricia; Heard, Robert; Madill, Catherine; Ballard, Kirrie J.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Blyth, KM (reprint author), Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM kgro3639@uni.sydney.edu.au FU Australian Postgraduate Scholarship FX Many thanks to staff in the medical record department as well as the head and neck data manager at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. This study was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Scholarship awarded to Katrina M. Blyth. The results of this study were presented at the Australian and New Zealand Head and Neck Cancer Society 14th Annual Scientific Meeting combined with International Federation of Head and Neck Oncolic Societies 2012 World Tour, Brisbane, Australia, October 2012. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 668 EP 678 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-14-0003 PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400014 PM 25089517 ER PT J AU Nittrouer, S Caldwell-Tarr, A Sansom, E Twersky, J Lowenstein, JH AF Nittrouer, Susan Caldwell-Tarr, Amanda Sansom, Emily Twersky, Jill Lowenstein, Joanna H. TI Nonword Repetition in Children With Cochlear Implants: A Potential Clinical Marker of Poor Language Acquisition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; WORKING-MEMORY; PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS; SPEECH-PERCEPTION; PHONOTACTIC PROBABILITY; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; PROCESSING ABILITIES; PHONEMIC AWARENESS; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; VOCABULARY SIZE AB Purpose: Cochlear implants (CIs) can facilitate the acquisition of spoken language for deaf children, but challenges remain. Language skills dependent on phonological sensitivity are most at risk for these children, so having an effective way to diagnose problems at this level would be of value for school speech-language pathologists. The goal of this study was to assess whether a nonword repetition (NWR) task could serve that purpose. Method: Participants were 104 second graders: 49 with normal hearing (NH) and 55 with CIs. In addition to NWR, children were tested on 10 measures involving phonological awareness and processing, serial recall of words, vocabulary, reading, and grammar. Results: Children with CIs performed more poorly than children with NH on NWR, and sensitivity to phonological structure alone explained that performance for children in both groups. For children with CIs, 2 audiological factors positively influenced outcomes on NWR: being identified with hearing loss at a younger age and having experience with wearing a hearing aid on the unimplanted ear at the time of receiving a 1st CI. NWR scores were better able to rule out than to rule in such language deficits. Conclusions: Well-designed NWR tasks could have clinical utility in assessments of language acquisition for school-age children with CIs. C1 [Nittrouer, Susan; Caldwell-Tarr, Amanda; Sansom, Emily; Twersky, Jill; Lowenstein, Joanna H.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nittrouer, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM nittrouer.1@osu.edu RI Nittrouer, Susan/E-3761-2011 FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R01 DC006237] FX This work was supported by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant R01 DC006237. We thank Chelsea Bates, Keri Low, and Caitlin Rice for their help in scoring and Aaron C. Moberly for his comments on an earlier version of this article. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 679 EP 695 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-14-0040 PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400015 PM 25340675 ER PT J AU Adi-Japha, E Abu-Asba, H AF Adi-Japha, Esther Abu-Asba, Haia TI Learning, Forgetting, and Relearning: Skill Learning in Children With Language Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; MOTOR IMPAIRMENTS; WORKING-MEMORY; PHASE GAINS; PERFORMANCE; BRAIN; RETENTION; SLEEP; ACQUISITION; FREQUENCY AB Purpose: The current study tested whether the difficulties of children with specific language impairment (SLI) in skill acquisition are related to learning processes that occur while practicing a new skill or to the passage of time between practice and later performance. Method: The acquisition and retention of a new complex grapho-motor symbol were studied in 5-year-old children with SLI and peers matched for age and nonverbal IQ. The children practiced the production of the symbol for 4 consecutive days. Retention testing took place 10 days later. Results: Children with SLI began each practice day slower than their peers but attained similar levels of performance by its end. Although they increased their performance speed within sessions more than their peers, they did not retain their learning as well between sessions. The loss in speed was largest in the 10-day retention interval. They were also less accurate, but accuracy differences decreased over time. Between-session group differences in speed could not fully be accounted for based on fine motor skills. Conclusions: In spite of effective within-session learning, children with SLI did not retain the new skill well. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 696 EP 707 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0031 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400016 PM 25215440 ER PT J AU van Kleeck, A AF van Kleeck, Anne TI Distinguishing Between Casual Talk and Academic Talk Beginning in the Preschool Years: An Important Consideration for Speech-Language Pathologists SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS EMERGENT LITERACY; PRE-KINDERGARTEN PROGRAMS; CLASSROOM DISCOURSE; READING-COMPREHENSION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MATERNAL MEDIATION; HOME LITERACY; SCHOOL; ENGLISH; QUALITY AB Purpose: The need for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to consider an academic talk (AT) register in addition to an everyday casual talk (CT) register of oral language with children beginning in the preschool years is presented, the AT and CT registers are distinguished in a comprehensive manner, ideas regarding AT language assessment are proposed, and suggestions for fostering children's skills with the AT register are offered. Method: Extant research and scholarship from a wide variety of disciplines are integrated and organized. Results: The author discusses the role of the SLP in supporting AT skills beginning in the preschool years and the added risk of difficulties with the AT register for children with language impairment who are from diverse backgrounds. Two broad categories-social-interactive and cognitive-that give rise to linguistic features that differentiate between the CT and AT registers are deduced from extant scholarship. Conclusions: SLPs should consider children's competence with the AT register as they work to prepare preschoolers and older children for the language demands of school. C1 Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP van Kleeck, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 724 EP 741 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-14-0032 PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400018 PM 25361384 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Sakai, N Mori, K AF Chu, Shin Ying Sakai, Naomi Mori, Koichi TI An Overview of Managing Stuttering in Japan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERAPY AB Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the rapid development of speech-language pathology in Japan since governmental licensing started in 1997 and to summarize the current trends in assessing and treating stuttering for preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents, and adults. Method: The authors review relevant information about the current assessment and treatment services for people who stutter in Japan and discuss the issues and challenges faced by speech-language pathologists in managing stuttering. Conclusion: It is predicted that as expertise in stuttering grows in Japan, the role of stuttering specialists in allied health, school districts, and research will increase. C1 [Chu, Shin Ying; Sakai, Naomi; Mori, Koichi] Natl Rehabil Ctr Persons Disabil, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Natl Rehabil Ctr Persons Disabil, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. EM chu-shinying@rehab.go.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [25750247] FX This study was supported in part by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant 25750247 (awarded to Shin Ying Chu). We would like to acknowledge the input of Yoshimasa Sakata and the Japanese Association of Speech-Language-Hearing Therapists for permitting us to use its website and for answering our questions. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 742 EP 752 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0085 PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZR UT WOS:000345682400019 PM 25036023 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MB Justice, LM O'Connell, A AF Schmitt, Mary Beth Justice, Laura M. O'Connell, Ann TI Vocabulary Gain Among Children With Language Disorders: Contributions of Children's Behavior Regulation and Emotionally Supportive Environments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior regulation; therapy; emotional support; language disorders; vocabulary ID PRESCHOOL CLASSROOMS; EFFORTFUL CONTROL; SELF-REGULATION; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; SCHOOL READINESS; OUTCOMES; KINDERGARTEN; SKILLS; QUALITY; IMPAIRMENTS AB Purpose: Behavior regulation is a positive predictor of language outcomes for children with typically developing language skills, and children with language disorders are at greater risk for difficulties with behavior regulation. This study investigated the unique role of behavior regulation on vocabulary gain for children receiving language therapy in the public schools as well as the unique and moderating influence of emotional support within therapy sessions on outcomes. Method: A total of 121 kindergarten and 1st-grade students with language disorders, nested within 42 speech-language pathologists (SLPs), participated in the study. Direct child measures, indirect child measures, and therapy session videotapes were used for all analyses. Results: Hierarchical linear modeling indicated a positive association between children's behavior regulation and vocabulary gain. The emotional support of therapy sessions was not a significant predictor of vocabulary gain. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that children's behavior regulation is a significant predictor of vocabulary gain for children with language disorders; children with higher behavior regulation gain more over the academic year than do peers with lower behavior regulation. Findings highlight the importance of SLPs considering children's behavior regulation when planning and implementing therapy. 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W., 2001, WOODCOCKJOHNSON 3 TE NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-12-0148 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300001 PM 24687098 ER PT J AU Kover, ST Haebig, E Oakes, A McDuffie, A Hagerman, RJ Abbeduto, L AF Kover, Sara T. Haebig, Eileen Oakes, Ashley McDuffie, Andrea Hagerman, Randi J. Abbeduto, Leonard TI Sentence Comprehension in Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; grammar; syntax; receptive language; intellectual disability ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES; LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SKILLS; IMPAIRMENT; DELAY AB Purpose: Previous research has suggested that language comprehension might be particularly impaired in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but this profile has been only broadly characterized. In the current study, the authors examined sentence comprehension in school-age boys with ASD, including a subgroup with intellectual disability (ID), with particular attention paid to errors that might differentiate between lexically and syntactically based difficulties. Method: Participants were boys with ASD (n = 45, ages 4-11 years) and younger typically developing boys (n = 45, ages 2-6 years). Comprehension was assessed with the Test for Reception of Grammar-Version 2 (TROG-2; Bishop, 2003). Error types were analyzed for a subset of items. Results: Boys with ASD did not differ from younger typically developing boys matched on receptive vocabulary in overall sentence comprehension on the TROG-2 or the number of lexical errors committed. In contrast, the subgroup of boys with ASD and ID (n = 16) had poorer overall performance and committed more lexical errors than younger typically developing boys matched on nonverbal cognition. Conclusions: On average, comprehension was delayed in school-age boys with ASD but not beyond receptive vocabulary expectations. Boys with ASD and ID, however, had a weakness in sentence comprehension beyond nonverbal cognitive expectations. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0073 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300002 PM 24687049 ER PT J AU Gelfer, MP Denor, SL AF Gelfer, Marylou Pausewang Denor, Sara L. TI Speaking Fundamental Frequency and Individual Variability in Caucasian and African American School-Age Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE school-age children; typical voice; voice assessment ID VOICE DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; DYSPHONIA; WHITE AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and pitch sigma (individual SFF variability) of African American and Caucasian children ages 6 through 8 years. Method: Participants in this study included 63 Caucasian and African American children recruited from 6 urban schools and 1 day care center. All participants passed hearing and speech-language screenings. Spontaneous speech samples for SFF measurement were elicited from each child in a quiet room in the school he or she attended. Results: Results of this study found that there were no significant differences in SFF or pitch sigma as a function of the races or ages studied. It appeared that a single value for each variable could reasonably characterize African American and Caucasian children at ages 6, 7, or 8: 244.8 Hz for SFF (SD = 30.0 Hz) and 2.06 semitones (STs) for pitch sigma (SD = 0.82 ST). Conclusions: This study is the most comprehensive to date on SFF and pitch sigma for African American and Caucasian children ages 6 to 8 years. Results supported previous observations that SFF is stable throughout the prepubescent years. Furthermore, findings also suggest that pitch sigma is stable across the ages of 6 to 8 years, regardless of race. C1 [Gelfer, Marylou Pausewang] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0016 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300003 PM 24687136 ER PT J AU Maul, KK Conner, PS Kempler, D Radvanski, C Goral, M AF Maul, Kristen K. Conner, Peggy S. Kempler, Daniel Radvanski, Christina Goral, Mira TI Using Informative Verbal Exchanges to Promote Verb Retrieval in Nonfluent Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonfluent aphasia; constraint-induced language therapy; verb treatment; treatment generalization ID INDUCED MOVEMENT THERAPY; INDUCED LANGUAGE THERAPY; SPONTANEOUS SPEECH; NARRATIVE DISCOURSE; SENTENCE PRODUCTION; AGRAMMATIC APHASIA; WORD-RETRIEVAL; TRAINING VERB; REHABILITATION; CONTEXT AB Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine whether positive treatment effects of a modified constraint-induced language therapy focused on verb production would generalize to unpracticed items and tasks. Method: Four individuals participated in a single-subject treatment design protocol. The treatment involved intensive practice producing verbs in sentences in an informative communicative exchange. Direct treatment outcome was examined by measuring the accuracy of producing practiced verbs in an action description task, a task similar to those used in treatment. Generalization was assessed by measuring production of unpracticed verbs and sentence grammaticality in the action description task and by measuring verb production and sentence grammaticality in 2 relatively unstructured (unpracticed) language tasks. Results: Two of the 4 participants showed a direct treatment effect, producing a greater number of practiced verbs in the action description task following treatment compared with before treatment. All participants improved sentence grammaticality following treatment, although grammaticality was not explicitly targeted in therapy. Generalization to unpracticed, less-structured tasks was variable across the participants. Conclusion: Patterns of generalization may depend on participants' specific language deficits and production characteristics, on the language tasks used, and on the measures used to detect change and assess generalization. C1 [Maul, Kristen K.; Conner, Peggy S.; Radvanski, Christina; Goral, Mira] Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY USA. [Kempler, Daniel] Emerson Coll, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Goral, Mira] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Maul, KK (reprint author), Gallaudet Univ, Washington, DC 20002 USA. 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E., 2011, JOURNAL OF NEUROTHER, V15, P160, DOI [10.1080/10874208.2011.570693, DOI 10.1080/10874208.2011.570693] Wingfield A, 2006, BRAIN LANG, V97, P351, DOI 10.1016/j.bandl.2005.11.005 Wright HH, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P1295, DOI 10.1080/02687030902826844 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 407 EP 420 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0004 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300004 PM 24687161 ER PT J AU Ward, EC Baker, SC Wall, LR Duggan, BLJ Hancock, KL Bassett, LV Hyde, TJ AF Ward, Elizabeth C. Baker, Sonia C. Wall, Laurelie R. Duggan, Brooke L. J. Hancock, Kelli L. Bassett, Lynell V. Hyde, Trent J. TI Can Human Mannequin-Based Simulation Provide a Feasible and Clinically Acceptable Method for Training Tracheostomy Management Skills for Speech-Language Pathologists? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE simulation; tracheostomy training; speech-language pathology ID HIGH-FIDELITY SIMULATION; HUMAN PATIENT SIMULATION; EMERGENCY-MEDICINE; NURSING-STUDENTS; CRITICAL-CARE; MANAGING CLIENTS; PERCEPTIONS; EDUCATION; CONFIDENCE; RESUSCITATION AB Purpose: Workplace training for tracheostomy management is currently recognized to be inconsistent and insufficient. A novel approach, using technology-enhanced simulation, may provide a solution to training tracheostomy management skills by providing a consistent, time-efficient, and risk-free learning environment. The current research evaluated clinicians' tracheostomy skills acquisition after training in a simulated learning environment and explored changes in clinicians' confidence and perceptions after the experience. Method: Forty-two clinicians with no or low levels of tracheostomy skill attended one of six, 1-day simulation courses. The training involved both part-task skill learning and immersive simulated scenarios. To evaluate clinicians' acquisition of manual skills, performance of core tasks during the scenarios was assessed by independent observers. Questionnaires were used to examine perceived outcomes, benefits, and perceptions of the learning environment at pre-, post-, and 4 months post-training. Results: Only 1 clinician failed to successfully execute all core practical tasks. Clinicians' confidence increased significantly (p < .05) from pre- to post-workshop and was maintained to 4 months post-workshop across most parameters. All clinicians reported positive perceptions regarding their learning outcomes and learning in a simulated environment. Conclusion: These findings validate the use of simulation as a clinical training medium and support its future use in tracheostomy competency-training pathways. C1 [Ward, Elizabeth C.] Queensland Hlth, Ctr Functioning & Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Ward, Elizabeth C.; Wall, Laurelie R.] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Baker, Sonia C.; Bassett, Lynell V.; Hyde, Trent J.] Queensland Hlth, Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Duggan, Brooke L. J.; Hancock, Kelli L.] Queensland Hlth, Princess Alexandra Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Ward, EC (reprint author), Queensland Hlth, Ctr Functioning & Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. 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B., 2005, TEACH LEARN MED, V17, P202, DOI 10.1207/s15328015tlm1703_3 Wotton K, 2010, J NURS EDUC, V49, P632, DOI 10.3928/01484834-20100831-01 NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0050 PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300005 PM 24686737 ER PT J AU Dale, PS McMillan, AJ Hayiou-Thomas, ME Plomin, R AF Dale, Philip S. McMillan, Andrew J. Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E. Plomin, Robert TI Illusory Recovery: Are Recovered Children With Early Language Delay at Continuing Elevated Risk? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language disorders; development; outcomes ID TWINS EARLY DEVELOPMENT; BEHAVIORAL-DEVELOPMENT; IMPAIRMENT; PERSISTENT; TRANSIENT; ETIOLOGY; DIFFICULTIES; ADOLESCENCE; DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AB Purpose: To examine the later development of language and literacy of children who had delayed language at age 2 but were in the normal range at age 4. Method: Longitudinal data were analyzed from 3,598 pairs of twins participating in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Six hundred thirty-three twins (8.8%) were delayed at age 2 based on parent-reported expressive vocabulary, and of these, 373 (59.0%) were classified as recovered based on 4-year measures. Each recovered 4-year-old was matched on vocabulary, gender, and zygosity to another 4-year-old without a history of early delay. Results: Although the recovered group was below the mean for the total TEDS sample on measures of language at ages 7 and 12, there were no significant differences between the recovered and matched groups. Within the recovered group, it was not possible to predict outcome at better than a chance level. Conclusions: Children who appear to have recovered by age 4 from early delay are at modest risk for continuing difficulties, but this appears to be no higher than the risk for other 4-year-olds with equivalent scores, reflecting the continuing variability in longitudinal outcome after age 4. All children in the low normal range at age 4 merit continuing monitoring. C1 [Dale, Philip S.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [McMillan, Andrew J.; Plomin, Robert] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Dale, PS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0116 PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300006 PM 24686486 ER PT J AU Horton, R Apel, K AF Horton, RaMonda Apel, Kenn TI Examining the Use of Spoken Dialect Indices With African American Children in the Southern United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dialect; African American; school age ID READING-ACHIEVEMENT; SPEAKING CHILDREN; LANGUAGE RESEARCH; ENGLISH USE; STUDENTS; FORMS; 2ND; INTERVENTION; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE AB Purpose: To examine the utility of different dialect indices that have been used to characterize the Non-Mainstream American English (NMAE) dialect of African American children. The relationships among 4 popular dialect indices were examined and compared with the results of a standardized tool used to classify the language variation of child speakers at 3 different grade levels. Method: The authors used listener judgment ratings, 2 dialect density measures obtained from a narrative sample, a standardized tool (Part 1 of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation-Screener Test [DELV-ST; Seymour, Roper, & deVilliers, 2003]), and dialect variation scores (DVAR) obtained from the DELV-ST to characterize 113 African American children's spoken production of NMAE. Results: Grade-level effects on NMAE varied depending on the index used to measure dialect production. All of the dialect indices under investigation were related to one another. DELV-ST classification group effects were present on all but 1 of the indices used to capture NMAE. Conclusions: Newer measures of NMAE, such as the DELV-ST and DVAR scores, are comparable to older measures such as dialect density measures and listener judgment ratings. Like listener judgment ratings, the DELV-ST and DVAR scores offer clinicians and researchers alike a quicker alternative to dialect density measures for confirming and quantifying the spoken production of NMAE dialect. The present findings confirm that, depending on the type of data collected and questions posed, researchers and clinicians alike are able to choose from multiple, valid, and reliable measures of non-mainstream dialect use. C1 [Horton, RaMonda] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Apel, Kenn] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 448 EP 460 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0028 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300007 PM 24687181 ER PT J AU Murza, KA Nye, C Schwartz, JB Ehren, BJ Hahs-Vaughn, DL AF Murza, Kimberly A. Nye, Chad Schwartz, Jamie B. Ehren, Barbara J. Hahs-Vaughn, Debbie L. TI A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Inference Generation Strategy Intervention for Adults With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; intervention; language; reading; pragmatics; adults ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; READING-COMPREHENSION; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; STUDENTS; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENTS; SKILLS; MIND AB Purpose: The present intervention study investigated the efficacy of the ACT & Check Strategy intervention to improve inference generation when reading, metacognitive ability, general reading comprehension, and social inference ability in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD). Method: Twenty-five adults with HF-ASD were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group. Treatment sessions were conducted in 1-hr sessions, twice a week, for a total of 6 weeks. Treatment focused on explicit instruction of components of inference generation, categories of inferences, and increasingly independent strategy use. Results: The treatment group demonstrated significantly superior performance on 1 of 2 measures of inference generation in reading and 1 measure of metacognitive ability compared with the control group. Significant differences between groups were not found on measures of reading comprehension or social inference ability. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the ACT & Check Strategy was effective in improving participants' ability to generate inferences in reading and certain metacognitive abilities, but the skills do not appear to generalize to other social communication contexts, such as social inference generation. This research provides a measure of support for explicitly teaching inference generation to address a reading inference deficit in adults with HF-ASD. C1 [Murza, Kimberly A.] Univ No Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. 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T., 2001, GRADE GROUP READING Woodbury-Smith MR, 2009, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V18, P2, DOI 10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0 NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 461 EP 473 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0012 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300008 PM 24687182 ER PT J AU Thiemann-Bourque, KS Warren, SF Brady, N Gilkerson, J Richards, JA AF Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy S. Warren, Steven F. Brady, Nancy Gilkerson, Jill Richards, Jeffrey A. TI Vocal Interaction Between Children With Down Syndrome and Their Parents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; speech development; parent-child communication; vocalizations; automated vocal analysis ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; INFANT VOCALIZATIONS; COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION; AUTISM; WORDS; PAIRS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe differences in parent input and child vocal behaviors of children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. The goals were to describe the language learning environments at distinctly different ages in early childhood. Method: Nine children with DS and 9 age-matched TD children participated; 4 children in each group were ages 9-11 months, and 5 were between 25 and 54 months. Measures were derived from automated vocal analysis. A digital language processor measured the richness of the child's language environment, including number of adult words, conversational turns, and child vocalizations. Results: Analyses indicated no significant differences in words spoken by parents of younger versus older children with DS and significantly more words spoken by parents of TD children than parents of children with DS. Differences between the DS and TD groups were observed in rates of all vocal behaviors, with no differences noted between the younger versus older children with DS, and the younger TD children did not vocalize significantly more than the younger DS children. Conclusions: Parents of children with DS continue to provide consistent levels of input across the early language learning years; however, child vocal behaviors remain low after the age of 24 months, suggesting the need for additional and alternative intervention approaches. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-12-0010 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZQ UT WOS:000345682300009 PM 24686777 ER PT J AU Ambrose, SE Berry, LMU Walker, EA Harrison, M Oleson, J Moeller, MP AF Ambrose, Sophie E. Berry, Lauren M. Unflat Walker, Elizabeth A. Harrison, Melody Oleson, Jacob Moeller, Mary Pat TI Speech Sound Production in 2-Year-Olds Who Are Hard of Hearing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech production; hearing loss; amplification; hearing aids; children; outcomes ID COCHLEAR IMPLANT RECIPIENTS; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRELINGUISTIC VOCALIZATIONS; PHONETIC INVENTORIES; PRODUCTION ACCURACY; LATE TALKERS; INFANTS; ACQUISITION; IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (a) compare the speech sound production abilities of 2-year-old children who are hard of hearing (HH) to children with normal hearing (NH), (b) identify sources of risk for individual children who are HH, and (c) determine whether speech sound production skills at age 2 were predictive of speech sound production skills at age 3. Method: Seventy children with bilateral, mild-to-severe hearing loss who use hearing aids and 37 age-and socioeconomic status-matched children with NH participated. Children's speech sound production abilities were assessed at 2 and 3 years of age. Results: At age 2, the HH group demonstrated vowel production abilities on par with their NH peers but weaker consonant production abilities. Within the HH group, better outcomes were associated with hearing aid fittings by 6months of age, hearing loss of less than 45 dB HL, stronger vocabulary scores, and being female. Positive relationships existed between children's speech sound production abilities at 2 and 3 years of age. Conclusion: Assessment of early speech sound production abilities in combination with demographic, audiologic, and linguistic variables may be useful in identifying HH children who are at risk for delays in speech sound production. C1 [Ambrose, Sophie E.; Berry, Lauren M. Unflat; Moeller, Mary Pat] Boys Town Natl Res Hosp, Ctr Childhood Deafness, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. [Walker, Elizabeth A.; Oleson, Jacob] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0039 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200001 PM 24686852 ER PT J AU Milman, L Vega-Mendoza, M Clendenen, D AF Milman, Lisa Vega-Mendoza, Mariana Clendenen, Deanna TI Integrated Training for Aphasia: An Application of Part-Whole Learning to Treat Lexical Retrieval, Sentence Production, and Discourse-Level Communications in Three Cases of Nonfluent Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; intervention; language; communication ID SEMANTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS; WORD-RETRIEVAL; NAMING DISORDERS; THERAPY; CONTEXT; AGRAMMATISM; EFFICACY; DEFICITS; ADULTS; VERB AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate integrated training for aphasia (ITA), a multicomponent language-production treatment based on part-whole learning that systematically trains lexical retrieval, sentence production, and discourse-level communications. Specific research objectives were to evaluate acquisition of target structures, statistical parameters associated with learning variables, treatment generalization, and the efficacy of individual treatment components. Method: ITA was administered to 3 individuals with nonfluent aphasia following amultiple-baseline, across-behaviors design. Effect size and correlational coefficients were computed to assess acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of target structures. Standardized tests and a treatment efficacy questionnaire were also completed. Results: A significant treatment effect was found in 2 of the 3 participants. In addition, as is seen in normal skill acquisition, practice time and error rate were significantly correlated. All participants demonstrated evidence of generalization on standardized language measures. Only 1 participant improved, however, on the communication measures. Results of the treatment component analysis revealed significant differences in the perceived efficacy of individual therapy tasks. Conclusions: Findings add to the evidence supporting multicomponent aphasia treatments, provide preliminary support for ITA and the application of a part-whole learning approach, and suggest that specific treatment componentsmay contribute differentially to outcomes and generalization effects. C1 [Milman, Lisa] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Vega-Mendoza, Mariana; Clendenen, Deanna] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Milman, L (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. 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K., 1995, BRAIN LANG, V51, P124 Thompson CK, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P591, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/047) Van Patten B., 2004, SABIAS QUE BEGINNING NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-12-0054 PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200002 PM 24686892 ER PT J AU Brady, KW Goodman, JC AF Brady, Kathryn W. Goodman, Judith C. TI The Type, but Not the Amount, of Information Available Influences Toddlers' Fast Mapping and Retention of New Words SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toddlers; word learning; fast mapping; memory ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY; LEXICAL ACQUISITION; INFANTS ABILITY; LEARN; MEANINGS; 24-MONTH-OLD; PRINCIPLES; OBJECTS; COMMON AB Purpose: The authors of this study examined whether the type and number of word-learning cues affect how children infer and retain word-meaning mappings and whether the use of these cues changes with age. Method: Forty-eight 18-to 36-month-old children with typical language participated in a fast-mapping task in which 6 novel words were presented with 3 types of cues to the words' referents, either singly or in pairs. One day later, children were tested for retention of the novel words. Results: By 24 months of age, children correctly inferred the referents of the novel words at a significant level. Children retained the meanings of words at a significant rate by 30 months of age. Children retained the first 3 of the 6 word-meaning mappings by 24 months of age. For both fast mapping and retention, the efficacy of different cue types changed with development, but children were equally successful whether the novel words were presented with 1 or 2 cues. Conclusion: The type of information available to children at fast mapping affects their ability to both form and retain word-meaning associations. Providing children with more information in the form of paired cues had no effect on either fast mapping or retention. C1 [Brady, Kathryn W.] Southern Illinois Univ Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62025 USA. [Goodman, Judith C.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Brady, KW (reprint author), Southern Illinois Univ Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62025 USA. 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L., 2000, BECOMING WORD LEARNE, P81 WOODWARD AL, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P553, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.30.4.553 Zosh JM, 2013, APPL DEV SCI, V17, P20, DOI 10.1080/10888691.2013.748420 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 120 EP 133 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-13-0013 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200003 PM 24686405 ER PT J AU Isetti, D Xuereb, L Eadie, TL AF Isetti, Derek Xuereb, Linnea Eadie, Tanya L. TI Inferring Speaker Attributes in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: Ratings From Unfamiliar Listeners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE voice; voice disorders; speech-language pathology ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ESSENTIAL VOCAL TREMOR; VOICE DISORDERS; SPASTIC DYSPHONIA; BOTOX INJECTIONS; BOTULINUM TOXIN; V-RQOL; PERCEPTIONS; SPEECH; IMPRESSIONS AB Purpose: To determine whether unfamiliar listeners' perceptions of speakers with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) differ from control speakers on the parameters of relative age, confidence, tearfulness, and vocal effort and are related to speaker-rated vocal effort or voice-specific quality of life. Method: Twenty speakers with ADSD (including 6 speakers with ADSD plus tremor) and 20 age-and sex-matched controls provided speech recordings, completed a voice-specific quality-of-life instrument (Voice Handicap Index; Jacobson et al., 1997), and rated their own vocal effort. Twenty listeners evaluated speech samples for relative age, confidence, tearfulness, and vocal effort using rating scales. Results: Listeners judged speakers with ADSD as sounding significantly older, less confident, more tearful, and more effortful than control speakers (p <.01). Increased vocal effort was strongly associated with decreased speaker confidence (rs =.88-.89) and sounding more tearful (rs = .83-.85). Self-rated speaker effort was moderately related (rs = .45-.52) to listener impressions. Listeners' perceptions of confidence and tearfulness were also moderately associated with higher Voice Handicap Index scores (rs = .65-.70). Conclusion: Unfamiliar listeners judge speakers with ADSD more negatively than control speakers, with judgments extending beyond typical clinical measures. The results have implications for counseling and understanding the psychosocial effects of ADSD. C1 [Isetti, Derek; Xuereb, Linnea; Eadie, Tanya L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-13-0010 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200004 PM 24686338 ER PT J AU Hahn, LJ Zimmer, BJ Brady, NC Romine, RES Fleming, KK AF Hahn, Laura J. Zimmer, B. Jean Brady, Nancy C. Romine, Rebecca E. Swinburne Fleming, Kandace K. TI Role of Maternal Gesture Use in Speech Use by Children With Fragile X Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; gesture; language development; speech ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; JOINT ATTENTION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SPOKEN LANGUAGE; VERBAL LABELS; COMMUNICATION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how maternal gesture relates to speech production by children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Method: Participants were 27 young children with FXS (23 boys, 4 girls) and their mothers. Videotaped home observations were conducted between the ages of 25 and 37 months (toddler period) and again between the ages of 60 and 71 months (child period). The videos were later coded for types of maternal utterances and maternal gestures that preceded child speech productions. Children were also assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at both ages. Results: Maternal gesture use in the toddler period was positively related to expressive language scores at both age periods and was related to receptive language scores in the child period. Maternal proximal pointing, in comparison to other gestures, evoked more speech responses from children during the mother-child interactions, particularly when combined with wh-questions. Conclusion: This study adds to the growing body of research on the importance of contextual variables, such as maternal gestures, in child language development. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 146 EP 159 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-13-0046 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200005 PM 24686460 ER PT J AU Sohlberg, MM Griffiths, GG Fickas, S AF Sohlberg, Mckay Moore Griffiths, Gina G. Fickas, Stephen TI An Evaluation of Reading Comprehension of Expository Text in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; cognition; reading; adults; education; assessment; dyslexia ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; WORKING-MEMORY; DISCOURSE; MODEL; ADOLESCENTS; DEFICITS; PERFORMANCE; IMPAIRMENT; CONCUSSION; TASK AB Purpose: This project was conducted to obtain information about reading problems of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairments and to investigate how these readers respond to reading comprehension strategy prompts integrated into digital versions of text. Method: Participants from 2 groups, adults with TBI (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 15), read 4 different 500-word expository science passages linked to either a strategy prompt condition or a no-strategy prompt condition. The participants' reading comprehension was evaluated using sentence verification and free recall tasks. Results: The TBI and control groups exhibited significant differences on 2 of the 5 reading comprehension measures: paraphrase statements on a sentence verification task and communication units on a free recall task. Unexpected group differences were noted on the participants' prerequisite reading skills. For the within-group comparison, participants showed significantly higher reading comprehension scores on 2 free recall measures: words per communication unit and type-token ratio. There were no significant interactions. Conclusion: The results help to elucidate the nature of reading comprehension in adults with TBI with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairments and endorse further evaluation of reading comprehension strategies as a potential intervention option for these individuals. 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A., 1998, PSYCHOL BULL, V123, P162 NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 160 EP 175 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-12-0005 PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200006 PM 24687229 ER PT J AU Prezas, RF Hodson, BW Schommer-Aikins, M AF Prezas, Raul Francisco Hodson, Barbara Williams Schommer-Aikins, Marlene TI Phonological Assessment and Analysis of Bilingual Preschoolers' Spanish and English Word Productions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilingual preschoolers; phonological acquisition; phonological analysis; phonological assessment; phonological deviations; Spanish ID SPEAKING CHILDREN; ACQUISITION AB Purpose: The major purpose of this study was to examine Spanish and English phonological productions (patterns/deviations) of typically developing bilingual preschool children. Phonological scores were compared in order to determine if significant differences exist between (a) boys and girls, (b) 4-and 5-year-olds, and/or (c) their productions of Spanish and English words. Method: Fifty-six bilingual 4-and 5-year-old children (27 boys and 29 girls) who attended Head Start programs named stimulus items for Spanish and English phonological assessment instruments that were similar in procedures and analyses. Results: Multivariate analyses indicated no significant differences for phonological scores between boys and girls or between the 2 languages. Differences between the 4-and 5-year-olds, however, were significant, with the 5-year-olds performing better than the 4-year-olds. Liquid deviations and omissions of consonants in clusters/sequences were the most frequently occurring phonological deviations. Conclusions: Phonological score differences between typically developing bilingual Spanish-English-speaking preschool boys and girls from similar backgrounds are not likely to be significant. Better phonological scores, however, can be expected for 5-year-olds than for 4-year-olds. Moreover, phonological deviation percentage scores of typically developing bilingual children for comparable Spanish and English assessment instruments are likely to be similar. C1 [Prezas, Raul Francisco; Hodson, Barbara Williams; Schommer-Aikins, Marlene] Wichita State Univ, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Prezas, RF (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM raul.prezas@gpisd.org CR Albarran-Frias M. D, 1996, THESIS American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2010, SCHOOLS SURVEY REPOR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2010, ROL RESP SPEECH LANG, DOI DOI 10.1044/POLICY.PI2010-00317 Barlow JA, 2005, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V19, P659, DOI 10.1080/02699200412331279764 Becker M., 1982, THESIS Bleile K., 1995, MANUAL OF ARTICULATI Brice AE, 2009, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V31, P3, DOI DOI 10.1177/1525740108327447 Brownell R, 2001, RECEPTIVE ONE WORD P Chin N. 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W., 1985, ASSESSMENT OF PHONOL Hodson B. W., 2011, THE ASHA LEADER Hodson B. W., 2010, EVALUATING AND ENHAN Jia GL, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P588, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/042) Kohnert K, 2004, BILINGUAL LANGUAGE D, P315 Kritikos EP, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P73, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/054) Lozano V., 2009, POSTER PRESENTED AT Madison C., 1986, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V17, P95 Mason M., 1976, MEASUREMENT OF SPANI Paradis J, 1996, STUDIES 2 LANGUAGE A, V18, P1, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0272263100014662 Paradis J., 2001, INT J BILINGUAL, V5, P19 Porter JH, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P165, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/015) Prezas R. F., 2010, INTERVENTIONS SPEECH, P137 Prezas R. F., 2007, ENCY LANGUAGE LIT DE, P1 Prezas R. F., 2007, POSTER PRESENTED AT Shin H. B., 2010, AMERICAN COMMUNITY S, VACS-12 Skahan SM, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P246, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/029) Sprinthall R. C., 2012, BASIC STATISTICAL AN Stepanof E. R., 1990, OPPHLA, V8, P15 Swanson C. B., 2009, PERSPECTIVES ON A PO Templin M., 1957, CERTAIN LANGUAGE SKI United States Census Bureau, 2011, ORIGIN OF RACE AND H Wilkinson L. C., 2010, THE EDUCATION OF ENG, P1 NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-12-0132 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200007 PM 24687266 ER PT J AU Ellis, C Lindrooth, RC Horner, J AF Ellis, Charles Lindrooth, Richard C. Horner, Jennifer TI Retrospective Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Treatments for Aphasia: An Approach Using Experimental Data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; costs; cost-effectiveness ID POSTSTROKE APHASIA; CUEING TREATMENTS; STROKE; RETRIEVAL; LANGUAGE; SPEECH; IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: Evidence supports the effectiveness of speech-language treatment for individuals with aphasia, yet less is known about the cost-effectiveness of such treatments. The purpose of this study was to examine the incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of aphasia treatment using previously published data. Method: The authors completed a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis using experimental data that they extracted from 19 previously published aphasia treatment studies. Average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated based on participants' pre- and posttreatment proficiency scores. Results: The average cost-effectiveness ratio for all sessions was $9.54 for each 1% increase in the outcome of interest. Measures of incremental cost-effectiveness indicated that aphasia treatments resulted in statistically significant improvements up to and including 17 treatment sessions. Increases in proficiency occurred at a cost of approximately $7.00 per 1% increase for the first 3 sessions to more than $20.00 in the 14th session; the ratio was either not statistically significant or dominated (more costly and less effective) in later sessions. Conclusions: This cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that initial aphasia treatment sessions resulted in relatively larger and more cost-effective benefits than did later aphasia treatment sessions. The findings reported here are preliminary and have limitations. Prospective studies are needed to examine the cost-effectiveness of speech-language treatment for individuals with aphasia. C1 [Ellis, Charles] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Lindrooth, Richard C.] Univ Colorado Denver, Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA. [Horner, Jennifer] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Ellis, C (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM ellisc@musc.edu CR ALEXANDER MP, 1993, CLIN APHASIOL, V21, P277 American College of Physicians, 2000, EFFECTIVE CLIN PRACT, V5, P253 Beard L. C., 1991, REPLICATION TREATMEN Beeson PM, 1999, APHASIOLOGY, V13, P767, DOI 10.1080/026870399401867 Berthier ML, 2005, DRUG AGING, V22, P163, DOI 10.2165/00002512-200522020-00006 Boyle M., 1989, REDUCING PHONEMIC PA Boysen A. E., 1996, CLIN APHASIOLOGY, V24, P207 Busch C. R., 1993, CLIN APHASIOL, V21, P73 Coelho CA, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P275, DOI 10.1080/02687030444000741 DePiero J., 1991, CLIN APHASIOLOGY, V19, P163 DETSKY AS, 1990, ANN INTERN MED, V113, P147 Doyle P. 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K., 1984, SETTING GEN SOCIAL C Thompson CK, 2006, J COMMUN DISORD, V39, P266, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.02.003 University of Pittsburgh, 2006, APH ARCH U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2005, MAY 2005 NAT OCC EMP van der Gaag A, 2008, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V43, P233, DOI 10.1080/13682820701560376 Wambaugh JL, 2001, APHASIOLOGY, V15, P933 Wambaugh JL, 2003, APHASIOLOGY, V17, P433, DOI 10.1080/02687030344000085 Wertz R. T., 1997, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V6, P12 Wilson RD, 2012, PM&R, V4, P273, DOI 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.09.006 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-13-0037 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200008 PM 24105475 ER PT J AU Bornbaum, CC Day, AMB Doyle, PC AF Bornbaum, Catherine C. Day, Adam M. B. Doyle, Philip C. TI Examining the Construct Validity of the V-RQOL in Speakers Who Use Alaryngeal Voice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE V-RQOL; laryngeal cancer; alaryngeal speech; validation; factor analysis ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY; VALIDATION; DYSPHONIA; OUTCOMES; AGE AB Purpose: The construct validity of the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL; Hogikyan & Sethuraman, 1999) measure was evaluated in a sample of 109 individuals who have undergone total laryngectomy. Method: A principal components factor analysis was performed on participant responses to the 10-question V-RQOL measure. Results: Factor analysis of the V-RQOL in our alaryngeal sample confirmed the presence of two factors (physical and social-emotional), which is consistent with the identified domains in the current V-RQOL. However, the current data indicate that some of the questions proposed by the original authors of the V-RQOL (Questions 7 and 9) do not align with their proposed domains in this postlaryngectomy sample. Conclusion: The results indicate that some V-RQOL questions do not align with their proposed domains. Consequently, an alternative scoring algorithm may be warranted for alaryngeal populations, and the authors make suggestions for this change that are simple and efficient. Based on the findings of the present factor analysis, use of this modified scoring procedure may serve to increase the sensitivity of the V-RQOL for those who are laryngectomized and use alaryngeal methods of voice and speech. Consequently, the value and application of the V-RQOL may be expanded in the clinical setting. C1 [Bornbaum, Catherine C.; Day, Adam M. B.; Doyle, Philip C.] Univ Western Ontario, Lab Well Being & Qual Life Oncol, London, ON, Canada. [Doyle, Philip C.] Univ Western Ontario, London Hlth Sci Ctr, London, ON, Canada. [Doyle, Philip C.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. RP Bornbaum, CC (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Lab Well Being & Qual Life Oncol, London, ON, Canada. EM cbornba@gmail.com CR Arviso LC, 2012, J VOICE, V26, P530, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.10.022 Berg EE, 2008, J VOICE, V22, P70, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.002 Bogaardt HCA, 2007, J VOICE, V21, P337, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.09.007 Davids T, 2012, LARYNGOSCOPE, V122, P332, DOI 10.1002/lary.22397 Deshpande MS, 2009, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V31, P37, DOI 10.1002/hed.20922 Eadie TL, 2013, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V148, P82, DOI 10.1177/0194599812461755 Eadie Tanya L., 2007, Seminars in Speech and Language, V28, P291, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-986526 Field A., 2009, DISCOVERING STAT USI Gasparini G, 2009, J VOICE, V23, P76, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005 Hogikyan ND, 2001, J VOICE, V15, P576, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(01)00060-1 Hogikyan ND, 2000, J VOICE, V14, P378, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(00)80083-1 Hogikyan ND, 1999, J VOICE, V13, P557, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80010-1 Hogikyan ND, 2002, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V126, P562, DOI 10.1067/mhn.2002.124850 Jacobson BH, 1997, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V6, P66 Moukarbel RV, 2011, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V33, P31, DOI 10.1002/hed.21409 Op de Coul BMR, 2005, CLIN OTOLARYNGOL, V30, P169, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00932.x Oridate N, 2009, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V135, P363, DOI 10.1001/archoto.2009.8 Portney L. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-13-0024 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200009 PM 24686439 ER PT J AU Guo, LY Eisenberg, S AF Guo, Ling-Yu Eisenberg, Sarita TI The Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Tense Measures for Identifying 3-Year-Olds With Language Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language disorders; assessment; diagnosis; morphology; syntax; children ID DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; GRAMMATICAL MORPHOLOGY; CHILDREN; GROWTH; PERIOD AB Purpose: The authors of this study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the Finite Verb Morphology Composite (FVMC; Bedore & Leonard, 1998) and the Tense and Agreement Productivity Score (TAPS; Hadley & Short, 2005) in identifying 3-year-olds with language impairment (LI). Method: Eighteen pairs of 3-year-olds with and without LI participated in the current study. The FVMC and the TAPS were computed from 100- and 50-utterance language samples. Results: The FVMC and TAPS demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy in the 100-utterance samples than in the 50-utterance samples. For 100-utterance samples, when children's age or severity was not considered, the FVMC showed a slight advantage over the TAPS in diagnostic accuracy. However, when children's age or severity was considered, the opposite pattern was observed. Conclusion: Both the FVMC and TAPS can be used to differentiate 3-year-olds with and without LI. To reliably identify 3-year-olds with LI by using tense measures, language samples with at least 100 utterances are recommended. C1 [Guo, Ling-Yu] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Eisenberg, Sarita] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ USA. RP Guo, LY (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1044/2013_AJSLP-13-0007 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200010 PM 24105474 ER PT J AU Griffith, J Dietz, A Weissling, K AF Griffith, Julie Dietz, Aimee Weissling, Kristy TI Supporting Narrative Retells for People With Aphasia Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Photographs or Line Drawings? Text or No Text? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; augmentative and alternative communication; visual supports; text; personally relevant ID READING-COMPREHENSION; INTERVENTION; INDIVIDUALS; TECHNOLOGY; IMPACT AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how the interface design of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device influences the communication behaviors of people with aphasia during a narrative retell task. Method: A case-series design was used. Four narratives were created on an AAC device with combinations of personally relevant (PR) photographs, line drawings (LDs), and text for each participant. The narrative retells were analyzed to describe the expressive modality units (EMUs) used, trouble sources experienced, and whether trouble sources were repaired. The researchers also explored the participants' perceived helpfulness of the interface features. Results: The participants primarily used spoken EMUs to retell their narratives. They relied on PR photographs more frequently than LDs; however, they reported both picture types to be equally helpful. Text was frequently used and reported as helpful by all 4 people with aphasia. Participants experienced similar rates of trouble sources across conditions; however, they displayed unique trends for successful repairs of trouble sources. Conclusion: For narrative retells, LDs may serve as an effective visual support when PR photographs are unavailable. Individual assessment is necessary to determine the optimum combination of supports in AAC systems for people with aphasia. C1 [Griffith, Julie; Dietz, Aimee] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Weissling, Kristy] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Griffith, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM griff2jd@mail.uc.edu CR Brandenburg C, 2013, APHASIOLOGY, V27, P444, DOI 10.1080/02687038.2013.772293 Cherney L. S., 1998, ANAL DISCOURSE COMMU, P1 Creswell John, 2009, RES DESIGN QUALITATI, Vthird Dietz A., 2006, PERSPECTIVES AUGMENT, V15, P13, DOI 10.1044/aac15.1.13 Dietz A., 2012, 2012 INT SOC AUGM AL Dietz A, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P1053, DOI 10.1080/02687030802635832 Dietz A, 2011, TOP STROKE REHABIL, V18, P758, DOI 10.1310/tsr1806-758 Elman R. 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E., 2005, ANN AM SPEECH LANG H True G, 2010, APHASIOLOGY, V24, P1032, DOI 10.1080/02687030903249350 Wallace Sarah E, 2014, Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, V9, P173, DOI 10.3109/17483107.2013.799237 Wallace SE, 2012, APHASIOLOGY, V26, P162, DOI 10.1080/02687038.2011.628004 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0089 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200011 PM 24687095 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JL Nessler, C Wright, S Mauszycki, SC AF Wambaugh, Julie L. Nessler, Christina Wright, Sandra Mauszycki, Shannon C. TI Sound Production Treatment: Effects of Blocked and Random Practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; apraxia of speech; articulation; efficacy; intervention ID ACQUIRED APRAXIA; CONTEXTUAL INTERFERENCE; CHILDHOOD APRAXIA; TREATING APRAXIA; MOTOR-SKILL; SPEECH; ACQUISITION; PRINCIPLES; RETENTION; FEEDBACK AB Purpose: This investigation was designed to further the development of a treatment for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS), Sound Production Treatment (SPT), by examining the effects of blocked and random practice. Method: A multiple-baseline design across participants and behaviors was used with 6 speakers with chronic AOS and aphasia. Accuracy of production of target sounds in treated and untreated words produced in probe sessions served as the primary dependent variable. Stimulus generalization was also measured to phrase production and sentence completion. Participants received SPT applied with blocked presentation of treatment words (SPT-blocked) and SPT applied with random presentation of treatment words (SPT-random). Results: Increases in accuracy of articulation of target sounds in treated words were observed for all participants for both conditions of treatment. SPT-random appeared to be associated with better maintenance for 2 participants. Generalization to untreated words was positive for all participants for SPT-random and SPT-blocked. Stimulus generalization effects varied across participants and measurement conditions; patterns of generalization did not appear to be associated with treatment condition. Conclusions: There may be an advantage for SPT-random for some speakers with AOS. Findings from the nonspeech motor learning literature may not translate directly to the treatment of AOS. C1 [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Nessler, Christina; Wright, Sandra; Mauszycki, Shannon C.] VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA. [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Mauszycki, Shannon C.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wambaugh, JL (reprint author), VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA. EM julie.wambaugh@health.utah.edu CR Adams SG, 2000, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V8, P215 Ballard KJ, 2007, APHASIOLOGY, V21, P1195, DOI 10.1080/02687030601047858 Battig W. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 225 EP 245 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0072 PG 21 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200012 PM 24687207 ER PT J AU Murray, LL Rutledge, S AF Murray, Laura L. Rutledge, Stefanie TI Reading Comprehension in Parkinson's Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reading; neurologic disorders; cognition; Parkinson's disease ID MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; VERBAL WORKING-MEMORY; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; VISUAL DYSFUNCTION; LANGUAGE; ATTENTION; DEMENTIA; DEFICITS AB Purpose: Although individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) self-report reading problems and experience difficulties in cognitive-linguistic functions that support discourse-level reading, prior research has primarily focused on sentence-level processing and auditory comprehension. Accordingly, the authors investigated the presence and nature of reading comprehension in PD, hypothesizing that (a) individuals with PD would display impaired accuracy and/or speed on reading comprehension tests and (b) reading performances would be correlated with cognitive test results. Method: Eleven adults with PD and 9 age-and education-matched control participants completed tests that evaluated reading comprehension; general language and cognitive abilities; and aspects of attention, memory, and executive functioning. Result: The PD group obtained significantly lower scores on several, but not all, reading comprehension, language, and cognitive measures. Memory, language, and disease severity were significantly correlated with reading comprehension for the PD group. Conclusion: Individuals in the early stages of PD without dementia or broad cognitive deficits can display reading comprehension difficulties, particularly for high-versus basic-level reading tasks. 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H., 2012, APHASIOLOGY, V26, P253 YUILL N, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V80, P351 Zanini S, 2004, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V75, P1678, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.2003.018507 NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 246 EP 258 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200013 ER PT J AU Kurland, J Reber, A Stokes, P AF Kurland, Jacquie Reber, Alisson Stokes, Polly TI Beyond Picture Naming: Norms and Patient Data for a Verb-Generation Task SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE verb generation; aphasia; verb-generation norms ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; APHASIA; ASSOCIATION; FAMILIARITY; RETRIEVAL; NOUNS; SET AB Purpose: In the current study, the authors aimed to (a) acquire a set of verb generation to picture norms; and (b) probe its utility as an outcomes measure in aphasia treatment. Method: In Phase I, the verb-generation normative sample, 50 healthy volunteers generated verbs for 218 pictures of common objects (interstimulus interval = 5 s). In Phase II, 4 persons with aphasia (PWAs) generated verbs for 60 objects (interstimulus interval = 10 s). Their stimuli consisted of objects that were (a) recently trained (for object naming; n = 20), (b) untrained (a control set; n = 20), or (c) from a set of pictures named correctly at baseline (n = 20). Verb generation was acquired twice: once 2 months into and once following a 6-month home practice program. Results: No objects elicited perfect verb agreement in the normed sample. Stimuli with the highest percent agreement were mostly artifacts and dominant verbs primary functional associates. Although not targeted in treatment or home practice, PWAs mostly improved performance in verb generation postpractice. Conclusions: A set of clinically and experimentally useful verb-generation norms was acquired for a subset of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) picture set. More cognitively demanding than confrontation naming, this task may help to fill the sizeable gap between object picture naming and propositional speech. C1 [Kurland, Jacquie; Reber, Alisson; Stokes, Polly] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kurland, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0094 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200014 PM 24686752 ER PT J AU Le, K Coelho, C Mozeiko, J Krueger, F Grafman, J AF Le, Karen Coelho, Carl Mozeiko, Jennifer Krueger, Frank Grafman, Jordan TI Does Brain Volume Loss Predict Cognitive and Narrative Discourse Performance Following Traumatic Brain Injury? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; cognition; communication; executive functions; language disorders; memory; neuroimaging ID CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; STORY NARRATIVES; WORKING-MEMORY; MEASURING GOODNESS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ELICITATION TASK; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; LESION; COMPREHENSION AB Purpose: In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between brain volume loss and performance on cognitive measures, including working memory, immediate memory, executive functions, and intelligence, and a narrative discourse production task. An underlying goal was to examine the prognostic potential of a brain lesion metric for discourse outcomes. It was hypothesized that brain volume loss would correlate with and predict cognitive and narrative discourse measures and have prognostic value for discourse outcomes. Method: One hundred sixty-seven individuals with penetrating head injury participated. Correlational and regression analyses were performed for the percentages of total brain and hemispheric volume loss and scores on 4 cognitive measures (WMS-III Working Memory and Immediate Memory primary indexes, D-KEFS Sorting Test, and WAIS-III Full Scale IQ) and 7 narrative discourse measures (T-units, grammatical complexity, cohesion, local and global coherence, story completeness, and story grammar). Results: The volumetric measures had significant small-to-moderate correlations with all cognitive measures but only one significant correlation with the discourse measures. Findings from regression analyses were analogous but revealed several models that approached significance. Conclusion: Findings suggest that an overall measure of brain damage may be more predictive of general cognitive status than of narrative discourse ability. Atrophy measures in specific brain regions may be more informative. C1 [Le, Karen; Coelho, Carl; Mozeiko, Jennifer] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Krueger, Frank] George Mason Univ, Arlington, VA USA. [Grafman, Jordan] Rehabil Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. RP Le, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0095 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200015 PM 24686463 ER PT J AU Harnish, SM Morgan, J Lundine, JP Bauer, A Singletary, F Benjamin, ML Rothi, LJG Crosson, B AF Harnish, Stacy M. Morgan, Jodi Lundine, Jennifer P. Bauer, Andrew Singletary, Floris Benjamin, Michelle L. Rothi, Leslie J. Gonzalez Crosson, Bruce TI Dosing of a Cued Picture-Naming Treatment for Anomia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; intervention; language disorders ID THERAPY-INDUCED NEUROPLASTICITY; APHASIA TREATMENT INTENSITY; INDUCED LANGUAGE THERAPY; BRAIN-DAMAGE; STROKE; REHABILITATION; SYNAPTOGENESIS; INDIVIDUALS; PLASTICITY; RECOVERY AB Purpose: Recent investigations into effects of intensity or distribution of aphasia therapy have provided moderate evidence supporting intensive therapy schedules on aphasia treatment response. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of creating an intensive therapy session without extending the amount of daily time a person spends in treatment. Method: Individuals who presented with chronic anomia poststroke (N = 8) participated in 2 weeks of a computerized, therapist-delivered, cued, picture-naming treatment. Dosing parameters for each session were 8 presentations of 50 pictures, totaling 400 teaching episodes per session. Results: Of the 8 participants, 6 achieved significant increases from baseline on trained items after 400 teaching episodes (i.e., 1 treatment hr), and the remaining 2 participants achieved significant increases from baseline after 1200 teaching episodes (i.e., 3 treatment hr). Maintenance data from 7 of the participants indicated that 6 participants maintained significant improvement from baseline on trained items. Conclusions: Given an intensive and saturated context, anomic individuals were surprisingly quick at relearning to produce problematic words successfully. Most participants demonstrated retention of the gains 2 months after treatment ended. The high density of teaching episodes within the treatment session (i.e., the intensive treatment schedule) may have contributed to the behavioral gains. C1 [Harnish, Stacy M.; Lundine, Jennifer P.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morgan, Jodi; Singletary, Floris] Brooks Rehabil Clin Res Ctr, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Bauer, Andrew; Rothi, Leslie J. Gonzalez] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Benjamin, Michelle L.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Crosson, Bruce] Atlanta VA Med Ctr Rehabil Res & Dev, Ctr Excellence Visual & Neurocognit Rehabil, Decatur, GA USA. [Crosson, Bruce] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Crosson, Bruce] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Harnish, SM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 285 EP 299 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0081 PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200016 PM 24686830 ER PT J AU Brookshire, CE Conway, T Pompon, RH Oelke, M Kendall, DL AF Brookshire, C. Elizabeth Conway, Tim Pompon, Rebecca Hunting Oelke, Megan Kendall, Diane L. TI Effects of Intensive Phonomotor Treatment on Reading in Eight Individuals With Aphasia and Phonological Alexia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alexia; aphasia; reading; phonology; phonomotor treatment ID WORD RECOGNITION; DEEP DYSLEXIA; REHABILITATION; CHILDREN; MODEL; DISABILITIES; INSTRUCTION; CONTINUUM; EFFICACY; DEFICITS AB Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of a multimodal treatment of phonology, phonomotor treatment, on the reading abilities of persons with aphasia (PWA) with phonological alexia. Method: In a retrospective, single-group design, this study presents pre-, post-, and 3-months posttreatment data for 8 PWA with phonological alexia. Participants completed 60 hr of phonomotor treatment over 6 weeks. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests and group effect sizes comparing pre-, immediately post-, and 3-months posttreatment performance on tests of phonological processing and reading were performed. Results: Group data showed phonological processing and oral reading of real words and nonwords improved significantly posttreatment; these gains were maintained 3 months later. No group improvement was found for reading comprehension; however, one individual did show improvement immediately post-and 3-months posttreatment. Conclusions: This study provides support that phonomotor treatment is a viable approach to improve phonological processing and oral reading for PWA with phonological alexia. 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PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0083 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200017 PM 24686537 ER PT J AU Edmonds, LA Mammino, K Ojeda, J AF Edmonds, Lisa A. Mammino, Kevin Ojeda, Jimena TI Effect of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) in Persons With Aphasia: Extension and Replication of Previous Findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; VNeST; verbs; treatment; thematic roles; sentences; discourse ID CLINICAL-OUTCOME RESEARCH; ARGUMENT STRUCTURE; BROCAS APHASIA; RETRIEVAL; THERAPY; ADULTS; DISORDERS; LANGUAGE; DEFICITS; NOUNS AB Purpose: Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) is an aphasia treatment that targets verbs (e.g., measure) and their related thematic roles (e.g., carpenter-lumber). Previous studies reported encouraging results in a number of participants using single-subject design with improvements observed on naming, sentence production, and discourse. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a group analysis evaluating the effect of VNeST on similar outcomes. Method: A multiple baseline design across participants was conducted with 11 persons with aphasia due to stroke. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to evaluate potential improvement from pre- to posttreatment and maintenance. Individual effect sizes were also calculated to evaluate magnitude of change within and across participants. Results: Results showed significant improvement at posttreatment and maintenance on trained and untrained sentence probes and object and action naming. Improvement in the production of sentences not targeted in treatment was nonsignificant at posttreatment assessment but significant at maintenance. Moderate increases in percentage of complete utterances and overall informativeness were observed on discourse. Conclusion: The results of this study replicate previous findings and provide evidence that VNeST may promote specific and generalized lexical retrieval abilities and affect basic syntax production in both constrained and discourse production tasks. C1 [Edmonds, Lisa A.; Mammino, Kevin; Ojeda, Jimena] Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil & Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Edmonds, Lisa A.; Ojeda, Jimena] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Edmonds, LA (reprint author), Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil & Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. 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K., 2011, ARGUMENT STRUCTURE P Wambaugh JL, 2014, APHASIOLOGY, V28, P1, DOI 10.1080/02687038.2013.845739 Wambaugh JL, 2007, J REHABIL RES DEV, V44, P381, DOI 10.1682/JRRD.2006.05.0038 Webster J, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P748, DOI 10.1080/02687030500166957 Webster J, 2012, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V47, P619, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00174.x Webster J, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P1231, DOI 10.1080/02687030802246291 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 312 EP 329 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0098 PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200018 PM 24687125 ER PT J AU Winans-Mitrik, RL Hula, WD Dickey, MW Schumacher, JG Swoyer, B Doyle, PJ AF Winans-Mitrik, Ronda L. Hula, William D. Dickey, Michael W. Schumacher, James G. Swoyer, Brooke Doyle, Patrick J. TI Description of an Intensive Residential Aphasia Treatment Program: Rationale, Clinical Processes, and Outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; outcomes; response to intervention; stroke; effectiveness ID HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; RURAL REGION; THERAPY; ADULTS; REHABILITATION; EFFICACY; ACCESS; FORMS; MODEL AB Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the rationale, clinical processes, and outcomes of an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP). Method: Seventy-three community-dwelling adults with aphasia completed a residentially based ICAP. Participants received 5 hr of daily 1:1 evidence-based cognitivelinguistically oriented aphasia therapy, supplemented with weekly socially oriented and therapeutic group activities over a 23-day treatment course. Standardized measures of aphasia severity and communicative functioning were obtained at baseline, program entry, program exit, and follow-up. Results were analyzed using a Bayesian latent growth curve model with 2 factors representing (a) the initial level and (b) change over time, respectively, for each outcome measure. Results: Model parameter estimates showed reliable improvement on all outcome measures between the initial and final assessments. Improvement during the treatment interval was greater than change observed across the baseline interval, and gains were maintained at follow-up on all measures. Conclusions: The rationale, clinical processes, and outcomes of a residentially based ICAP have been described. ICAPs differ with respect to treatments delivered, dosing parameters, and outcomes measured. Specifying the defining components of complex interventions, establishing their feasibility, and describing their outcomes are necessary to guide the development of controlled clinical trials. C1 [Winans-Mitrik, Ronda L.; Hula, William D.; Dickey, Michael W.; Schumacher, James G.; Swoyer, Brooke; Doyle, Patrick J.] VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Hula, William D.; Dickey, Michael W.; Doyle, Patrick J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Doyle, PJ (reprint author), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. 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C., 2007, PSYCHOL SCI, V49, P375 von Davier M., 2009, IERI MONOGRAPH SERIE, V2, P9 Warren SF, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P70, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20139 Winans-Mitrik R., 2013, ANN M ASS VET AFF SP Worrall L., 2000, NEUROGENIC COMMUNICA, P3 Zhang ZY, 2007, INT J BEHAV DEV, V31, P374, DOI 10.1177/0165025407077764 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 330 EP 342 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0102 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200019 PM 24687159 ER PT J AU Cherney, LR Kaye, RC van Vuuren, S AF Cherney, Leora R. Kaye, Rosalind C. van Vuuren, Sarel TI Acquisition and Maintenance of Scripts in Aphasia: A Comparison of Two Cuing Conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; intervention; technology; learning ID ERRORFUL THERAPY; ERRORLESS; INDIVIDUALS; PEOPLE; ADULTS AB Purpose: This study was designed to compare acquisition and maintenance of scripts under two conditions: high cue, which provided numerous multimodality cues designed to minimize errors, and low cue, which provided minimal cues. Method: In a randomized controlled crossover study, eight individuals with chronic aphasia received intensive computer-based script training under two cuing conditions. Each condition lasted 3 weeks, with a 3-week washout period. Trained and untrained scripts were probed for accuracy and rate at baseline, during treatment, immediately posttreatment, and at 3 and 6 weeks posttreatment. Significance testing was conducted on gain scores, and effect sizes were calculated. Results: Training resulted in significant gains in script acquisition with maintenance of skills at 3 and 6 weeks posttreatment. Differences between cuing conditions were not significant. When severity of aphasia was considered, there also were no significant differences between conditions, although magnitude of change was greater in the high-cue condition versus the low-cue condition for those with more severe aphasia. Conclusions: Both cuing conditions were effective in acquisition and maintenance of scripts. The high-cue condition may be advantageous for those with more severe aphasia. Findings support the clinical use of script training and the importance of considering aphasia severity. C1 [Cherney, Leora R.; Kaye, Rosalind C.] Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Aphasia Res & Treatment, Chicago, IL USA. [Cherney, Leora R.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [van Vuuren, Sarel] Univ Colorado, Inst Cognit Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van Vuuren, Sarel] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Cherney, LR (reprint author), Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Aphasia Res & Treatment, Chicago, IL USA. EM Lcherney@ric.org CR Abel S, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P831, DOI 10.1080/02687030500268902 Bilda K, 2011, APHASIOLOGY, V25, P191, DOI 10.1080/02687031003798254 Cherney LR, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P19, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/003) Cherney LR, 2011, J COMMUN DISORD, V44, P493, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.04.002 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Conroy P, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P707, DOI 10.1080/02687030802165574 Conroy P, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P1311, DOI 10.1080/02687030902756439 Fillingham JK, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P597, DOI 10.1080/02687030544000272 Fillingham JK, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOL REHABIL, V16, P129, DOI 10.1080/09602010443000254 Fillingham JK, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOL REHABIL, V13, P337, DOI 10.1080/09602010343000020 Gingrich L., 2013, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Goldberg S, 2012, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V21, P222, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0056) Karpicke JD, 2008, SCIENCE, V319, P966, DOI 10.1126/science.1152408 Kertesz A., 2007, W APHASIA BATTERY RE Lee JB, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P885, DOI 10.1080/02687030802669534 LOGAN GD, 1988, PSYCHOL REV, V95, P492, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.95.4.492 Manheim LM, 2009, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V90, P623, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.022 McKissock S, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOL REHABIL, V17, P355, DOI 10.1080/09602010600892113 Middleton EL, 2012, NEUROPSYCHOL REHABIL, V22, P138, DOI 10.1080/09602011.2011.639619 Nobis-Bosch R, 2011, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V54, P1118, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0204) Ralph MAL, 2010, NEUROPSYCHOL REHABIL, V20, P289, DOI 10.1080/09602010903237875 Raymer A, 2010, NEUROPSYCHOL REHABIL, V20, P1, DOI 10.1080/09602010902879834 Roediger HL, 2006, PSYCHOL SCI, V17, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x SCHMIDT RA, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00029.x TULVING E, 1967, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V6, P175, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(67)80092-6 Wiederholt J. L., 2001, GRAY ORAL READING TE Youmans G, 2011, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V20, P23, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0085) Youmans G, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P435, DOI 10.1080/02687030444000877 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1044/2014_AJSLP-13-0097 PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZP UT WOS:000345682200020 PM 24686911 ER PT J AU Christensen, SC Wright, HH AF Christensen, Stephanie C. Wright, Heather Harris TI Quantifying the Effort Individuals With Aphasia Invest in Working Memory Tasks Through Heart Rate Variability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; electrophysiology; working memory; heart rate variability (HRV) ID MENTAL EFFORT; DUAL-TASK; PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES; DIFFICULTY; ATTENTION; PERFORMANCE; WORKLOAD; MOTIVATION; ALLOCATION; STANDARDS AB Purpose: The objective of this study was to quantify cognitive effort that individuals with aphasia and neurologically intact participants dedicate to verbal compared with spatial working memory tasks by using a physiological measure of effort: heart rate variability (HRV). Method: Participants included 8 individuals with aphasia and 19 neurologically intact adults. Participants completed 3 verbal and 3 spatial working memory tasks that varied in difficulty. Performance accuracy and effort allocated to tasks was recorded. Effort was quantified as the change in the 0.07-0.14 Hz band of HRV from baseline to task conditions. Results: Results indicated that individuals with aphasia and control participants allocated effort to verbal and spatial working memory tasks. Unlike the control participants, participants with aphasia did not differentially invest effort based on task difficulty. Neither group allocated effort differentially based on task type. Conclusions: Results of the physiological data provide preliminary support for accounts indicating that individuals with aphasia do not properly allocate effort to cognitive-linguistic tasks. Analysis of the Group x Difficulty interaction indicated that the aphasia group did not allocate extra effort when it was required. The lack of a difference in HRV for spatial and verbal tasks suggests that this difference is not specific to verbal stimuli. C1 [Christensen, Stephanie C.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. 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TI A Case for the Implementation of Cognitive-Communication Screenings in Acute Stroke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; cognitive-communication; screening; stroke; rehabilitation ID SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; PRACTICE PATTERNS; 1ST-EVER STROKE; REHABILITATION; IMPAIRMENT; POSTSTROKE; CARE; AUTOETHNOGRAPHY AB Purpose: The purpose of this article was to illustrate the importance of the implementation of cognitive-communication screenings in acute stroke and to discuss the need for further research on whether and how these screenings are implemented. Cognitive-communication screenings after stroke are the subject of existing practice guidelines and are supported by accumulated evidence. Method: The author uses an autoethnographic narrative-a tool founded in phenomenology-to provide an in-depth description of the experiences of a family in which one member experienced right-hemispheric stroke. She uses systematic introspection to produce a narrative using literary techniques. Results: The narrative illustrates the experiences of one family when one of their members has a right-hemisphere stroke, and cognitive-communication impairments are never formally identified by professionals involved in the patient's care. Conclusions: The narrative is linked to the published literature and the importance of identifying and managing cognitive-communication impairments after stroke. A model of implementation science is presented as one way to consider the challenges clinicians face when attempting to implement evidence-based practices. The model and examples from other fields show avenues for further research. C1 Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. RP Hinckley, JJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. EM jhinckle@usf.edu CR AGREE Collaboration, 2001, APPR GUID RES EV AGR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005, ROL SPEECH LANG PATH American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, SLP 2007 HLTH CAR SU American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004, TECHNICAL REPORT Barker-Collo S, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOL REV, V16, P53, DOI 10.1007/s11065-006-9007-5 Barosi G, 2006, NEUROL SCI, V27, pS231, DOI 10.1007/s10072-006-0624-9 Blackburn DJ, 2013, AGE AGEING, V42, P113, DOI 10.1093/ageing/afs116 Blake M. 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PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/11-0064) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100002 PM 23813197 ER PT J AU Bredin-Oja, SL Fey, ME AF Bredin-Oja, Shelley L. Fey, Marc E. TI Children's Responses to Telegraphic and Grammatically Complete Prompts to Imitate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; early intervention; language disorders; morphology; syntax ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; SPEAKING CHILDREN; LEARNING INFANTS; SPEECH; INTERVENTION; INPUT; TENSE; ACQUISITION; MORPHOLOGY; AUXILIARY AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether children in the early stage of combining words are more likely to respond to imitation prompts that are telegraphic than to prompts that are grammatically complete and whether they produce obligatory grammatical morphemes more reliably in response to grammatically complete imitation prompts than to telegraphic prompts. Method: Five children between 30 and 51 months of age with language delay participated in a single-case alternating treatment design with 14 sessions split between a grammatical and a telegraphic condition. Alternating orders of the 14 sessions were randomly assigned to each child. Children were given 15 prompts to imitate a semantic relation that was either grammatically complete or telegraphic. Results: No differences between conditions were found for the number of responses that contained a semantic relation. In contrast, 3 of the 5 children produced significantly more grammatical morphemes when presented with grammatically complete imitation prompts. Two children did not include a function word in either condition. Conclusion: Providing a telegraphic prompt to imitate does not offer any advantage as an intervention technique. Children are just as likely to respond to a grammatically complete imitation prompt. Further, including function words encourages children who are developmentally ready to imitate them. C1 [Bredin-Oja, Shelley L.; Fey, Marc E.] Univ Kansas Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. RP Bredin-Oja, SL (reprint author), Univ Kansas Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM sbredin-oja@kumc.edu CR Bain B., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P81 Barlow D., 2009, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Barlow D. H., 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Bedore LM, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P905, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/072) Bulte I, 2008, BEHAV RES METHODS, V40, P467, DOI 10.3758/BRM.40.2.467 DROMI E, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P760 Edgington E. S., 2007, RANDOMIZATION TESTS Eyer JA, 2002, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V16, P59, DOI 10.1080/02699200110102269 Fenson L, 2007, MACARTHUR BATES COMM Fernald A, 2006, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V9, pF33, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00482.x Fey M. E., 2008, REV LOGOPEDIA FONIAT, V28, P218, DOI 10.1016/S0214-4603(08)70129-3 Fey ME, 2013, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V56, P679, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0061) Fey ME, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P160, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/012) Fisch GS, 2001, BEHAV PROCESS, V54, P137, DOI 10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00155-3 Hadley PA, 2011, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V54, P549, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0216) Hancock TB, 2006, TREATMENT LANGUAGE D, P203 Hayes AF, 1996, PSYCHOL METHODS, V1, P184, DOI 10.1037//1082-989X.1.2.184 Hayes S. C., 1999, SCI PRACTITIONER RES Hohle B, 2003, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V6, P122, DOI 10.1111/1467-7687.00261 Hohle B, 2004, INFANCY, V5, P341, DOI 10.1207/s15327078in0503_5 Horner RH, 2005, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V71, P165 Kratochwill T. 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L., 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P239 Rispoli M, 2012, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V55, P1007, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0272) Roid G., 1997, LEITER INT PERFORMAN SCHERER NJ, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P383 Shi RS, 2006, PROC ANN BUCLD, P549 Smith L. L., 1973, THESIS U WISCONSIN M Stone WL, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P691, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-5289-8 Suen H. K., 1989, ANAL QUANTITATIVE BE Theakston AL, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P863, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/067) Theakston AL, 2008, J CHILD LANG, V35, P129, DOI 10.1017/S0305000907008306 Todman J. B., 2001, SINGLE CASE SMALL N TOMASELLO M, 1993, COGNITIVE DEV, V8, P451, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2014(05)80004-8 van Kleeck A, 2010, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V19, P3, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0075) Vygotsky L., 1978, MIND SOC DEV PSYCHOL Walsh K., 2010, THESIS U ILLINOIS WILLER B, 1974, J COMMUN DISORD, V7, P343, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(74)90016-1 NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0155) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100003 PM 24018697 ER PT J AU Macrae, T Tyler, AA Lewis, KE AF Macrae, Toby Tyler, Ann A. Lewis, Kerry E. TI Lexical and Phonological Variability in Preschool Children With Speech Sound Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech sound disorder; speech variability; word variability; error variability; inconsistency ID NONWORD REPETITION; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SUBSTITUTION PATTERNS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DATA; AWARENESS; REPRESENTATIONS; ACQUISITION; PERCEPTION AB Purpose: The authors of this study examined relationships between measures of word and speech error variability and between these and other speech and language measures in preschool children with speech sound disorder (SSD). Method: In this correlational study, 18 preschool children with SSD, age-appropriate receptive vocabulary, and normal oral motor functioning and hearing were assessed across 2 sessions. Experimental measures included word and speech error variability, receptive vocabulary, nonword repetition (NWR), and expressive language. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated among the experimental measures. Results: The correlation between word and speech error variability was slight and nonsignificant. The correlation between word variability and receptive vocabulary was moderate and negative, although nonsignificant. High word variability was associated with small receptive vocabularies. The correlations between speech error variability and NWR and between speech error variability and the mean length of children's utterances were moderate and negative, although both were nonsignificant. High speech error variability was associated with poor NWR and language scores. Conclusion: High word variability may reflect unstable lexical representations, whereas high speech error variability may reflect indistinct phonological representations. Preschool children with SSD who show abnormally high levels of different types of speech variability may require slightly different approaches to intervention. C1 [Macrae, Toby] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Tyler, Ann A.] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Lewis, Kerry E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Macrae, T (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM toby.macrae@cci.fsu.edu CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF Bankson N. W., 1990, BANKSON BERNTHAL TES Bishop DVM, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P391, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01420.x BRADFORD A, 1994, EUR J DISORDER COMM, V29, P349 Broomfield J, 2004, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V20, P135, DOI DOI 10.1191/0265659004CT2670A Burt L, 1999, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V34, P311, DOI 10.1080/136828299247432 Coady JA, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P41, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/004) dePaola T., 1978, PANCAKES FOR BREAKFA Dodd B., 1995, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOS Dodd B., 2005, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOS Dodd B, 2010, INTERVENTIONS FOR SP, P117 Dollaghan C, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1136 Dunn L. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0037) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100004 PM 23813198 ER PT J AU Kave, G Yafe, R AF Kave, Gitit Yafe, Ronit TI Performance of Younger and Older Adults on Tests of Word Knowledge and Word Retrieval: Independence or Interdependence of Skills? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE naming; verbal fluency; vocabulary; cognitive aging; language testing ID BOSTON NAMING TEST; THE-TONGUE TOT; NORMATIVE DATA; VERBAL FLUENCY; LIFE-SPAN; THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS; LEXICAL ACCESS; AGE; EDUCATION; NORMS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between vocabulary knowledge and word retrieval in younger and older adults. Method: Three tests of word retrieval and 2 tests of word knowledge were administered to 140 Hebrew-speaking adults, half of whom were younger (M-age = 24.20 years) and half of whom were older (M-age = 74.83 years). Results: Younger adults outperformed older adults on tests of retrieval, whereas older adults outperformed younger adults on tests of vocabulary, and no association was found between the 2 skills across the entire sample. Once age and education were taken into account, both skills contributed to the prediction of each other and were similarly related within each group. Older adults performed equally well when required to produce and recognize word meanings, whereas younger adults were better at recognition than at production. Conclusions: Older age is associated with better knowledge and with retrieval difficulties, yet individual differences in vocabulary within each age group affect level of retrieval, and variability in search skills affects performance on vocabulary tests. Although the assessment of vocabulary is not free of retrieval demands, older adults as a group are more successful than are younger adults at producing word definitions, most likely because their knowledge is more complete. C1 [Kave, Gitit] Open Univ, Raanana, Israel. [Yafe, Ronit] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kave, G (reprint author), Open Univ, Raanana, Israel. EM gkave@012.net.il CR Alwin D. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0136) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100005 PM 23831710 ER PT J AU Thoyre, SM Pados, BF Park, J Estrem, H Hodges, EA McComish, C Van Riper, M Murdoch, K AF Thoyre, Suzanne M. Pados, Britt F. Park, Jinhee Estrem, Hayley Hodges, Eric A. McComish, Cara Van Riper, Marcia Murdoch, Kimberly TI Development and Content Validation of the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (Pedi-EAT) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eating behavior; content validity; parent report; instrument development; cognitive interviews; feeding difficulty ID IDENTIFYING FEEDING PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; SWALLOWING DYSFUNCTION; BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE; CONTENT VALIDITY; PRETERM INFANTS; PARENTAL REPORT; CEREBRAL-PALSY; SCREENING TOOL AB Purpose: In this article, the authors describe the development and content validation of a parent-report measure of problematic eating behaviors: the Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (Pedi-EAT). Method: In Phase I, items were generated from parents' descriptions of problematic feeding behaviors of children, review of literature, and review of existing eating-related instruments. In Phase II, interdisciplinary experts on pediatric eating behaviors rated the items for clarity and relevance using content validity indices (CVI) and provided feedback on the comprehensiveness of the instrument. In Phases III and IV, 2 groups of parents of children with and without feeding difficulties participated in cognitive interviews to gain respondent feedback on content, format, and item interpretation. The authors analyzed interviews using matrix display strategies. Results: Experts rated the total scale CVI > .90 for both relevance and clarity; item CVI ranged from .67 to 1.0 for relevance and .5 to 1.0 for clarity. Analysis of each item with low scores, along with experts' and parents' feedback, resulted in refinement of the items, scoring options, and directions. Experts and parents added additional items. Readability after refinements was acceptable at less than a 5th-grade level. Conclusion: The Pedi-EAT was systematically developed and content validated with input from researchers, clinicians, and parents. C1 [Thoyre, Suzanne M.; Pados, Britt F.; Park, Jinhee; Estrem, Hayley; Hodges, Eric A.; McComish, Cara; Van Riper, Marcia] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Murdoch, Kimberly] Cheshire Speech & Voice Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Thoyre, SM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 46 EP 59 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0069) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100006 PM 24097795 ER PT J AU Johnson, ML Taub, E Harper, LH Wade, JT Bowman, MH Bishop-McKay, S Haddad, MM Mark, VW Uswatte, G AF Johnson, Margaret L. Taub, Edward Harper, Leslie H. Wade, Jamie T. Bowman, Mary H. Bishop-McKay, Staci Haddad, Michelle M. Mark, Victor W. Uswatte, Gitendra TI An Enhanced Protocol for Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy II: A Case Series SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech rehabilitation; Broca's aphasia; Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy II; stroke transfer package; training by shaping; intensive speech training ID INDUCED MOVEMENT THERAPY; INDUCED LANGUAGE THERAPY; LESS-AFFECTED FORELIMB; WORLD ARM USE; CORTICAL INFARCTS; UPPER-EXTREMITY; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CEREBRAL-PALSY; LEARNED NONUSE AB Purpose: The initial version of Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT I) consisted of a single exercise. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility for future trials of an expanded and restructured protocol designed to increase the efficacy of CIAT I. Method: The subjects were 4 native English speakers with chronic stroke who exhibited characteristics of moderate Broca's aphasia. Treatment was carried out for 3.5 hr/day for 15 consecutive weekdays. It consisted of 3 components: (a) intensive training by a behavioral method termed shaping using a number of expressive language exercises in addition to the single original language card game, (b) strong discouragement of attempts to use gesture or other nonverbal means of communication, and (c) a transfer package of behavioral techniques to promote transfer of treatment gains from the laboratory to real-life situations. Results: Participation in speech in the life situation improved significantly after treatment. The effect sizes (i.e., d') in this domain were >= 2.2; d' values >= 0.8 are considered large. Improvement in language ability on a laboratory test, the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (Kertesz, 2006), did not achieve statistical significance, although the effect size was large-that is, 1.3 (13.1 points). Conclusion: These pilot results suggest in preliminary fashion that CIAT II may produce significant improvements in everyday speech. C1 [Johnson, Margaret L.] Univ Montevallo, Montevallo, AL USA. [Taub, Edward; Harper, Leslie H.; Wade, Jamie T.; Bowman, Mary H.; Bishop-McKay, Staci; Haddad, Michelle M.; Mark, Victor W.; Uswatte, Gitendra] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Johnson, ML (reprint author), Samford Univ, Birmingham, AL 35229 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 60 EP 72 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0168) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100007 PM 24018698 ER PT J AU Timler, GR AF Timler, Geralyn R. TI Use of the Children's Communication Checklist-2 for Classification of Language Impairment Risk in Young School-Age Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; language impairment; language assessment; school-age children ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PSYCHIATRICALLY DISTURBED-CHILDREN; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; WORKING-MEMORY; ADHD; PROFILES; SLI; ACHIEVEMENT; COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE AB Purpose: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk for language impairment (LI). This study examined the feasibility of using the Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2; Bishop, 2006) to classify risk for LI in young children, ages 5-8 years, with ADHD. Method: Parents of 32 children with ADHD and 12 typically developing peers completed the CCC-2. The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition (Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003) and the Test of Narrative Language (Gillam & Pearson, 2004) were administered to diagnose LI. Language samples were collected to examine clinical markers of LI. Results: CCC-2 General Communication Composite scores <= 85 correctly classified 10 participants with ADHD diagnosed with LI as defined by composite scores <= 85 on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition, or on the Test of Narrative Language. Five of these participants demonstrated 1 or more clinical markers of LI in language samples. Three additional participants, who received a General Communication Composite score <= 85 yet scored above 85 on the language tests, demonstrated CCC-2 profiles suggestive of pragmatic impairment. Sensitivity and specificity rates were 100% and 85.29%, respectively. CCC-2 scores and most measures were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The results support the feasibility of using the CCC-2 as a screener to identify children with ADHD who are at elevated risk for LI and need referral for comprehensive assessment. C1 Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Timler, GR (reprint author), Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM timlergr@miamioh.edu CR Wolraich M, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V128, P1007, DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-2654 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bishop D., 2013, ENCY AUTISM SPECTRUM, P614 Bishop D. 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Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0164) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100008 PM 24018696 ER PT J AU Clark, HM Anderson, CC Hietpas, F AF Clark, Heather M. Anderson, Caroline C. Hietpas, Fletcher TI Volumes of Discrete Sips From Straws of Varying Internal Diameters SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swallowing; straw drinking; bolus volume ID BOLUS VOLUME; NORMAL ADULTS; QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS; AGE; GENDER; VISCOSITY; PENETRATION; DYSPHAGIA; DRINKING; SWALLOW AB Purpose: In this study, the authors examined mean volumes of discrete sips performed by healthy adults from straws varying in internal diameter. Method: Forty healthy adults sipped water from each of 7 straws varying in internal diameter (0.65-5.00 mm). Bolus volumes associated with 3 discrete sips were recorded under each sip condition. Results: Straw diameter had a significant effect on bolus size, with the smallest diameter straws eliciting the smallest bolus volumes. Bolus volumes did not vary according to age or sex. Considerable intersubject variation was observed, particularly for the straws with the largest diameters. Intrasubject variability across 3 trials was minimal. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that narrower straw diameters are associated with smaller bolus volumes in healthy adults. Additional study is needed to determine whether individuals with dysphagia demonstrate similar patterns of bolus size associated with straws varying in internal diameter and whether such variations have clinical benefit. C1 [Clark, Heather M.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Anderson, Caroline C.] Ty Cobb Healthcare Syst, Royston, GA USA. [Hietpas, Fletcher] EBS Healthcare, Jamaica Pl, MA USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/13-0032) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AU5ZO UT WOS:000345682100009 PM 24097796 ER PT J AU DeDe, G AF DeDe, Gayle TI Reading and Listening in People With Aphasia: Effects of Syntactic Complexity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reading comprehension; auditory comprehension; sentence comprehension; aphasia; syntax; aging; listening comprehension ID SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION; AGRAMMATIC APHASIA; RELATIVE CLAUSES; WORKING-MEMORY; WORD-FREQUENCY; EYE-MOVEMENTS; AGE; RESOLUTION; DEPENDENCIES AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare online effects of syntactic complexity in written and spoken sentence comprehension in people with aphasia (PWA) and adults with no brain damage (NBD). Method: The participants in Experiment 1 were NBD older and younger adults (n = 20 per group). The participants in Experiment 2 were 10 PWA. In both experiments, the participants read and listened to sentences in self-paced reading and listening tasks. The experimental materials consisted of object cleft sentences (e.g., It was the girl who the boy hugged.) and subject cleft sentences (e.g., It was the boy who hugged the girl.). Results: The predicted effects of syntactic complexity were observed in both Experiments 1 and 2: Reading and listening times were longer for the verb in sentences with object compared to subject relative clauses. The NBD controls showed exaggerated effects of syntactic complexity in reading compared to listening. The PWA did not show different modality effects from the NBD participants. Conclusion: Although effects of syntactic complexity were somewhat exaggerated in reading compared with listening, both the PWA and the NBD controls showed similar effects in both modalities. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP DeDe, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gdede@arizona.edu FU American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [DC010808] FX This work was supported in part by an American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation New Investigators Grant and by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant DC010808. The author would like to thank the research participants and their families as well as the students who helped with data collection. The author would also like to thank Audrey Holland for helpful feedback on a previous version of this article. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0111) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 294FG UT WOS:000330027900001 PM 23813204 ER PT J AU Ertmer, DJ Jung, JM Kloibera, DT AF Ertmer, David J. Jung, Jongmin Kloibera, Diana True TI Beginning to Talk Like an Adult: Increases in Speech-Like Utterances in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients and Typically Developing Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech development; children; hearing loss; cochlear implants; vocal development; speech production; development; aural rehabilitation ID PRELINGUISTIC VOCAL DEVELOPMENT; HEARING-LOSS; PHONETIC DEVELOPMENT; INFANTS; VOCALIZATIONS; EXPERIENCE; PERCEPTION; AGE AB Purpose: Speech-like utterances containing rapidly combined consonants and vowels eventually dominate the prelinguistic and early word productions of typically developing (TD) toddlers. It seems reasonable to expect a similar phenomenon in young recipients of cochlear implants (CIs). The authors of this study sought to determine the number of months of robust hearing experience needed to achieve a majority of speech-like utterances in both of these groups. Method: Speech samples were recorded from CI recipients at 3-month intervals during the first 2 years of CI experience, and from TD children at time points between 6 and 24 months of age. Speech-like utterances were operationally defined as those belonging to the basic canonical syllables (BCS) or advanced forms (AF) levels of the Consolidated Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised (Ertmer, Young, & Nathani, 2007). Results: On average, the CI group achieved a majority of speech-like utterances after 12 months of robust hearing experience and the TD group after 18 months. The CI group produced greater percentages of speech-like utterances at each interval until 24 months, when both groups approximated 80%. Conclusion: Auditory deprivation did not limit progress in vocal development as young CI recipients showed more-rapid-than-typical speech development during the first 2 years of device use. Implications for the infraphonological model of speech development are considered. C1 [Ertmer, David J.; Jung, Jongmin; Kloibera, Diana True] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ertmer, DJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dertmer@purdue.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R01DC007863] FX This research was funded by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant R01DC007863, awarded to the first author. We are especially grateful to the parents and children who made this study possible. We are also indebted to the following individuals for their assistance in participant recruitment and data collection: Michele Wilkins, Wendy Ban Deters, Monica Brumbaugh, Jennifer Haney, and Monica Lynch at Child's Voice school (Wood Dale, IL); Jean Moog, Rhonda Bennight, Mariana Helbig, and Laurie Preusser at the Moog Center (Chesterfield, MO); Margo Appenzeller, Megan Mercurio, Carey Evans Ratliff, and Meredith Wessels at the Ohio Valley Voices (Loveland, OH); Mary Daniels, Cheryl Broekelmann, Kathy Gallagher, Barb Meyers, Judy Odendahl, and Audrea Strelo at the St. Joseph Institute for the Deaf (Chesterfield, MO); and Teri Ouellette and Carrie Tamminga at the St. Joseph Institute for the Deaf (Indianapolis, IN). Jennifer Slanker, Christy Macak, Elesha Sharp, and Stephanie Wieczorek helped in data processing and utterance classification. Denise Bradford completed the statistical analyses in consultation with Bruce Craig. Thanks also to Kim Oller and Suneeti Nathani Iyer for their helpful feedback during the revision of this article. CR Connor CM, 2006, EAR HEARING, V27, P628, DOI 10.1097/01.aud.0000240640.59205.42 EILERS RE, 1994, J PEDIATR-US, V124, P199, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70303-5 Ertmer DJ, 2009, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V52, P1579, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/06-0145) Ertmer D. J., 2010, OXFORD U HDB DEAF ST, V2, P360 Ertmer DJ, 2012, J DEAF STUD DEAF EDU, V17, P116, DOI 10.1093/deafed/enr021 Ertmer DJ, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P192, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/017) Ertmer DJ, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P393, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/028) Ertmer DJ, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P328, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/026) Ertmer DJ, 2012, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V21, P342, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0118) Fleiss JL, 1981, STAT METHODS RATES P Iyer SN, 2008, VOLTA REV, V108, P115 Koopmans-van Beinum F. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 591 EP 603 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0058) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 294FG UT WOS:000330027900002 PM 23813203 ER PT J AU Cleveland, LH Oetting, JB AF Cleveland, Lesli H. Oetting, Janna B. TI Children's Marking of Verbal -s by Nonmainstream English Dialect and Clinical Status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE verbal -s; English dialects; specific language impairment ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ENGLISH; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; SPEAKING CHILDREN; VARIABLE USE; TENSE; INTERVENTION; AGREEMENT; CONTEXTS; SPEECH; SLI AB Purpose: Children's marking of verbal -s was examined by their dialect (African American English [AAE] vs. Southern White English [SWE]) and clinical status (specific language impairment [SLI] vs. typically developing [TD]) and as a function of 4 linguistic variables (verb regularity, negation, expression of a habitual activity, and expression of historical present tense). Method: The data were language samples from 57 six-year-olds who varied by their dialect and clinical status (AAE: SLI = 14, TD = 12; SWE: SLI = 12, TD = 19). Results: The AAE groups produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE groups, and the SWE SLI group produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE TD group. Although low numbers of verb contexts made it difficult to evaluate the linguistic variables, there was evidence of their influence, especially for verb regularity and negation. The direction and magnitude of the effects were often (but not always) consistent with what has been described in the adult dialect literature. Conclusion: Verbal -s can be used to help distinguish children with and without SLI in SWE but not in AAE. Clinicians can apply these findings to other varieties of AAE and SWE and other dialects by considering rates of marking and the effects of linguistic variables on marking. C1 [Cleveland, Lesli H.] Eastern Washington Univ, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Oetting, Janna B.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Cleveland, LH (reprint author), Eastern Washington Univ, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 604 EP 614 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0122) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 294FG UT WOS:000330027900003 PM 23813205 ER PT J AU Oakes, A Kover, ST Abbeduto, L AF Oakes, Ashley Kover, Sara T. Abbeduto, Leonard TI Language Comprehension Profiles of Young Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescents; developmental disorders; language; syntax ID WITHIN-SYNDROME DIFFERENCES; DOWN-SYNDROME; EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE; RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE; WORKING-MEMORY; BOYS; CHILDREN; AUTISM; ADULTS; SKILLS AB Purpose: In this study, the authors sought to characterize the language phenotype of fragile X syndrome (FXS), focusing on the extent of impairment in receptive syntax, within-syndrome variability in those impairments in relation to gender, and the syndrome specificity of those impairments. Method: The Test for Reception of Grammar, Version 2 (Bishop, 2003), was used to examine the overall receptive syntactic skills of adolescents with FXS (n = 35; 30 males, 5 females), adolescents with Down syndrome (DS; n = 28; 18 males, 10 females), and younger typically developing (TD) children (n = 23; 14 males, 9 females) matched on nonverbal cognition. Performance on specific grammatical constructions and error types was examined for a subset of matched participants. Results: Participants with FXS had overall receptive syntax scores that were lower than those of the TD participants but higher than those of the participants with DS; however, there was no difference in performance between the FXS and DS groups when females were excluded. Grammatical constructions that were especially difficult for participants with FXS and those with DS were identified, especially relative clause constructions and reversible constructions requiring attention to word order encoded by syntactic features. Conclusion: The current findings have implications for understanding the nature of the language learning difficulties of individuals with FXS and for language interventions. C1 [Oakes, Ashley; Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oakes, Ashley; Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kover, Sara T.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Oakes, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ashley.oakes@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU National Institute on Child Health and Human Development [R01 HD024356, P30 HD003352]; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [F31 DC010959] FX This research was supported by National Institute on Child Health and Human Development Grants R01 HD024356 and P30 HD003352, awarded to the third author, and by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant F31 DC010959, awarded to the second author. The study reported in this article was completed to fulfill the requirements for the first author's master's degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We offer special thanks to Jan Edwards and Susan Ellis Weismer, and to the families who participated in the study. A portion of the results from the current study were presented at the 2011 Symposium on Research in Child Language Disorders. 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Brick, Nickole Landi, Nicole TI Ultrasound Biofeedback Treatment for Persisting Childhood Apraxia of Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE articulation; efficacy; intervention; children; speech sound disorders; childhood apraxia of speech ID VISUAL FEEDBACK; DEVELOPMENTAL APRAXIA; MOTOR CONTROL; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; THERAPY; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; ELECTROPALATOGRAPHY; REMEDIATION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment program that includes ultrasound biofeedback for children with persisting speech sound errors associated with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Method: Six children ages 9-15 years participated in a multiple baseline experiment for 18 treatment sessions during which treatment focused on producing sequences involving lingual sounds. Children were cued to modify their tongue movements using visual feedback from real-time ultrasound images. Probe data were collected before, during, and after treatment to assess word-level accuracy for treated and untreated sound sequences. As participants reached preestablished performance criteria, new sequences were introduced into treatment. Results: All participants met the performance criterion (80% accuracy for 2 consecutive sessions) on at least 2 treated sound sequences. Across the 6 participants, performance criterion was met for 23 of 31 treated sequences in an average of 5 sessions. Some participants showed no improvement in untreated sequences, whereas others showed generalization to untreated sequences that were phonetically similar to the treated sequences. Most gains were maintained 2 months after the end of treatment. The percentage of phonemes correct increased significantly from pretreatment to the 2-month follow-up. Conclusion: A treatment program including ultrasound biofeedback is a viable option for improving speech sound accuracy in children with persisting speech sound errors associated with CAS. C1 [Preston, Jonathan L.; Landi, Nicole] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Preston, Jonathan L.; Brick, Nickole] So Connecticut State Univ, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. [Landi, Nicole] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jonathan, LP (reprint author), Haskins Labs Inc, 270 Crown St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM preston@haskins.yale.edu RI Landi, Nicole /P-2954-2014 OI Landi, Nicole /0000-0003-2890-2519 FU Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America; Connecticut State University FX Support was provided by the Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America, a Connecticut State University grant, and a donation to the Language and Early Assessment Research Network at Haskins Laboratories. Thanks to Virginia Porto, Shawna Oneil, and Nicole Augustine for providing treatment to participants; Emily Phillips, Cayla Dominello, Amanda Rizzo, and Gabrielle Cella for data entry; Dana Arthur for assisting with assessments; and Suzanne Boyce for providing initial training with ultrasound imaging. CR Adler-Bock M, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P128, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/017) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, TECHNICAL REPORT Bacsfalvi P, 2011, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V25, P1034, DOI 10.3109/02699206.2011.618236 Ballard KJ, 2010, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V53, P1227, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0130) Bernhardt B, 2005, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V19, P605, DOI 10.1080/02699200500114028 Bernhardt BM, 2008, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V22, P149, DOI 10.1080/02699200701801225 Bernthal J. E., 2008, ARTICULATION PHONOLO Bohland JW, 2010, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V22, P1504, DOI 10.1162/jocn.2009.21306 Byun TM, 2012, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V21, P207, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0083) Campbell TF, 1999, CLIN MANAGEMENT MOTO, P385 Carter P, 2004, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V18, P359, DOI 10.1080/02699200410001703637 CHAPPELL GE, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V38, P362 Chumpelik D., 1984, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V5, P139, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1085172 DENT H, 1995, EUR J DISORDER COMM, V30, P264 Dodd B, 2002, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIO Dunn L. M., 2007, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Edeal DM, 2011, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V20, P95, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/09-0005) Gierut JA, 2011, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V25, P975, DOI 10.3109/02699206.2011.601392 Goldman R, 2000, GOLDMAN FRISTOE TEST Hayden D., 1999, VERBAL MOTOR PRODUCT Hayden D A, 1994, Clin Commun Disord, V4, P162 Hickok G, 2011, NEURON, V69, P407, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.019 Huang H, 2006, J NEUROENG REHABIL, V3, DOI 10.1186/1743-0003-3-11 Kent RD, 2000, J COMMUN DISORD, V33, P391, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(00)00023-X Lewis BA, 2004, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V35, P122, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2004/014) Maas E, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P277, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/025) McNeill BC, 2009, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V25, P341, DOI 10.1177/0265659009339823 Modha G, 2008, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V43, P323, DOI 10.1080/13682820701449943 Moriarty BC, 2006, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V41, P713, DOI 10.1080/13682820600623960 Olive M. L., 2005, ED PSYCHOL, V25, P313, DOI DOI 10.1080/0144341042000301238 Preston J. L., 2008, THESIS SYRACUSE U SY RUSCELLO DM, 1995, J COMMUN DISORD, V28, P279, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(95)00058-X Secord W., 2007, ELICITING SOUNDS TEC Semel E., 2003, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V4th Shriberg LD, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P708 SHRIBERG LD, 1975, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V40, P92 Shriberg LD, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P313 Shuster L. I., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P37 Smith A, 2006, J COMMUN DISORD, V39, P331, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.06.017 Strand E., 1999, TREATMENT DEV APRAXI, P109 Strand EA, 2000, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V8, P295 Strand EA, 2006, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V14, P297 Terband H, 2009, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V52, P1595, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0283) Tourville JA, 2011, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V26, P952, DOI 10.1080/01690960903498424 Wagner R., 1999, COMPREHENSIVE TEST P Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED Williams K. T., 2007, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR Young E. C., 1987, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V18, P23 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 627 EP 643 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0139) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 294FG UT WOS:000330027900005 ER PT J AU Dale, PS Hayden, DA AF Dale, Philip S. Hayden, Deborah A. TI Treating Speech Subsystems in Childhood Apraxia of Speech With Tactual Input: The PROMPT Approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PROMPT; childhood apraxia of speech; developmental apraxia of speech; developmental motor speech disorders; speech sound disorders ID DEVELOPMENTAL APRAXIA; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; STABILITY; MOVEMENT; EFFICACY AB Purpose: Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets (PROMPT; Hayden, 2004; Hayden, Eigen, Walker, & Olsen, 2010)-a treatment approach for the improvement of speech sound disorders in children-uses tactile-kinesthetic- proprioceptive (TKP) cues to support and shape movements of the oral articulators. No research to date has systematically examined the efficacy of PROMPT for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Method: Four children (ages 3; 6 [years; months] to 4; 8), all meeting the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2007) criteria for CAS, were treated using PROMPT. All children received 8 weeks of 2 x per week treatment, including at least 4 weeks of full PROMPT treatment that included TKP cues. During the first 4 weeks, 2 of the 4 children received treatment that included all PROMPT components except TKP cues. This design permitted both between-subjects and within-subjects comparisons to evaluate the effect of TKP cues. Gains in treatment were measured by standardized tests and by criterion-referenced measures based on the production of untreated probe words, reflecting change in speech movements and auditory perceptual accuracy. Results: All 4 children made significant gains during treatment, but measures of motor speech control and untreated word probes provided evidence for more gain when TKP cues were included. Conclusion: PROMPT as a whole appears to be effective for treating children with CAS, and the inclusion of TKP cues appears to facilitate greater effect. C1 [Dale, Philip S.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hayden, Deborah A.] PROMPT Inst, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Dale, PS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dalep@unm.edu RI Dale, Philip/A-2254-2009 OI Dale, Philip/0000-0002-7697-8510 FU Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America FX This research was funded by a grant from the Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America, awarded to the two authors. We are grateful to Edwyna Alexander for her clinical input and expertise, and to the children and families who participated in this study. CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, TECHNICAL REPORT Bose A, 2001, APHASIOLOGY, V15, P767, DOI 10.1080/02687040143000186 Carahaly L., 2010, SPEECH EZ APRAXIA PR Chumpelik D., 1984, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V5, P139, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1085172 Dodd G., 2002, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIO Freed DB, 1997, APHASIOLOGY, V11, P365, DOI 10.1080/02687039708248477 Green JR, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P66, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/005) Guenther F. H., 2003, PHONETICS PHONOLOGY, P209 Guenther FH, 2006, J COMMUN DISORD, V39, P350, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.06.013 Hall N., 2010, LANGUAGE LINGUISTICS, V4, P818 Hall PK, 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P179 Hayden D., 1999, VERBAL MOTOR PRODUCT Hayden D., 2006, INT J SPEECH LANGUAG, V8, P265, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.JPHYSPARIS.2008.03.013 Hayden D., 2010, TREATMENT SPEECH SOU, P453 Hayden D. A., 2004, MOVEMENT ACTION LEAR, P255, DOI 10.1016/B978-012671860-7/50048-3 Hayden D. A., 1994, CLIN COMMUNICATION D, V4, P151 Hayden D. A., 2008, PROMPT PROMPTS RESTR Hodge M., 2007, LETS START TALKING C Hodge M., 2009, TOCS INTELLIGIBILITY Hodge M, 2010, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V18, P61 Kaufman N., 1995, KAUFMAN SPEECH PRAXI Maas E, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P277, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/025) McLeod S., 2010, TREATMENT SPEECH SOU Morgan AT, 2009, EUR J PHYS REHAB MED, V45, P103 Parker RI, 2009, BEHAV THER, V40, P357, DOI 10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.006 Rogers SJ, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P1007, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0142-x SHRIBERG LD, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P256 Smith A, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P18 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPORNS O, 1993, CHILD DEV, V64, P960, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04182.x Square P. A., 2001, SPEECH MOTOR CONTROL, P237 Square P. A., 2012, EFFECTIVENESS UNPUB Strand E. A., 1999, CLIN MANAGEMENT MOTO, P109 Strand EA, 2000, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V8, P295 Strand EA, 2006, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V14, P297 World Health Organisation, 2001, INT CLASS FUNCT DIS Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 644 EP 661 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0055) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 294FG UT WOS:000330027900006 PM 23813194 ER PT J AU Sekine, K Rose, ML AF Sekine, Kazuki Rose, Miranda L. TI The Relationship of Aphasia Type and Gesture Production in People With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gesture; aphasia; speech-language pathology; discourse; screening ID COMMUNICATION; PANTOMIME; DISCOURSE AB Purpose: For many individuals with aphasia, gestures form a vital component of message transfer and are the target of speech-language pathology intervention. What remains unclear are the participant variables that predict successful outcomes from gesture treatments. The authors examined the gesture production of a large number of individuals with aphasia-in a consistent discourse sampling condition and with a detailed gesture coding system-to determine patterns of gesture production associated with specific types of aphasia. Method: The authors analyzed story retell samples from AphasiaBank (TalkBank, n.d.), gathered from 98 individuals with aphasia resulting from stroke and 64 typical controls. Twelve gesture types were coded. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patterns of gesture production. Possible significant differences in production patterns according to aphasia type were examined using a series of chi-square, Fisher exact, and logistic regression statistics. Results: A significantly higher proportion of individuals with aphasia gestured as compared to typical controls, and for many individuals with aphasia, this gesture was iconic and was capable of communicative load. Aphasia type impacted significantly on gesture type in specific identified patterns, detailed here. Conclusion: These type-specific patterns suggest the opportunity for gestures as targets of aphasia therapy. C1 [Sekine, Kazuki] Univ Birmingham, Walsall, W Midlands, England. [Sekine, Kazuki] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Rose, Miranda L.] La Trobe Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. [Rose, Miranda L.] Ctr Clin Res Excellence Aphasia Rehabil, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. 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Krakow, Rena TI Phonological Processing Skills of Children Adopted Internationally SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reading; language; school-age children; international adoption; literacy; cultural and linguistic diversity ID FORMER SOVIET-UNION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; SPEECH-PERCEPTION; OUTCOMES; ADOLESCENCE; ADJUSTMENT; IMPAIRMENT; CHINA; AGE AB Purpose: In recent years, large numbers of children have been adopted from abroad into the United States. This has prompted an interest in understanding and improving the developmental outcomes for these children. Although a growing number of studies have investigated the early language development of children who have been adopted internationally, few have focused specifically on the phonological processing development of this group of children, even though it is widely acknowledged that phonological processing skills are important in language and literacy acquisition. The purpose of this study was to examine the phonological processing skills of a group of children who had been adopted from China into the United States. Method: The participants were 45 children who had been adopted from China (M-age at adoption = 13.09 months). The children were assessed between the ages of 6; 10 ( years; months) and 9; 4. Their phonological processing skills, spoken language skills, and reading comprehension skills were assessed using norm-referenced measures. Results: Overall, the majority of children scored at or above the average ranges across measures of phonological awareness, phonological memory, and rapid naming. The children's reading comprehension scores were moderately to highly correlated with their phonological processing scores, but age at the time of adoption was not highly correlated with phonological processing or reading comprehension. Conclusion: The findings of the current study provide a basis for an optimistic view regarding the later language and literacy development of school-age children who were internationally adopted by the age of 2 years. C1 [Scott, Kathleen A.; Roberts, Jenny A.] Hofstra Univ, Hempstead, NY 11550 USA. [Pollock, Karen] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Krakow, Rena] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Scott, KA (reprint author), Hofstra Univ, Hempstead, NY 11550 USA. EM kathleen.scott@hofstra.edu CR ANDRESEN ILK, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P427, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00877.x Baddeley A, 2003, J COMMUN DISORD, V36, P189, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00019-4 Berg-Kelly K, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P199 Beverly BL, 2008, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V39, P303, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/029) Glennen Sharon, 2005, Seminars in Speech and Language, V26, P86, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-864219 Catts H. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 673 EP 683 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0133) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 294FG UT WOS:000330027900008 PM 23813206 ER PT J AU Olswang, LB Feuerstein, JL Pinder, GL Dowden, P AF Olswang, Lesley B. Feuerstein, Julie L. Pinder, Gay Lloyd Dowden, Patricia TI Validating Dynamic Assessment of Triadic Gaze for Young Children With Severe Disabilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; early intervention; severe disabilities; communication ID JOINT ATTENTION; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; INFANTS; COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION; ONTOGENESIS; RELIABILITY; TODDLERS AB Purpose: This research investigated the use of a dynamic assessment (DA) to identify differences among young children with severe disabilities, which would predict progress in learning behaviors indicating coordinated joint attention (CJA). Method: Six children 10-24 months of age were enrolled in a 16-week treatment for behaviors indicating CJA, specifically triadic gaze (TG), which is a 3-point gaze shift between object and adult. An initial static assessment documented the children's eligibility for the study and their baseline performance of TG. DA procedures were then implemented to determine each child's performance with examiner support in producing behaviors suggesting joint attention (i.e., tracking, gaze toward an object or an adult, scanning between objects, scanning an object and adult, and TG). Results: Results demonstrated differences among children during the DA via a DA score and a behavioral profile. These results were predictive of differences among children in subsequent learning of TG. Conclusion: These data support the validity of DA for describing heterogeneity among young children with severe disabilities who look similar on static assessment but appear differentially ready to learn behaviors associated with joint attention. This knowledge will assist clinicians in planning more efficacious services for young children who struggle to communicate and are at risk for extended therapeutic needs. C1 [Olswang, Lesley B.; Feuerstein, Julie L.; Dowden, Patricia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pinder, Gay Lloyd] Childrens Therapy Ctr, Kent, WA USA. RP Olswang, LB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lolswang@uw.edu FU National Institutes of Health, Treatment for Triadic Gaze [5P01HD018955] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, Treatment for Triadic Gaze (5P01HD018955). CR Acra C. F., 2006, DEV SOCIAL ENGAGEMEN, P81 Adamson L. 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V., 1985, VYGOTSKY SOCIAL FORM WETHERBY AM, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P148 Woods JJ, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P180, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/015) NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 449 EP 462 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0013) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200001 PM 23813200 ER PT J AU Heilmann, J DeBrock, L Riley-Tillman, TC AF Heilmann, John DeBrock, Lindsay Riley-Tillman, T. Chris TI Stability of Measures From Children's Interviews: The Effects of Time, Sample Length, and Topic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language sample analysis; reliability; generalizability theory; discourse; psychometrics ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; GENERALIZABILITY; CONVERSATION; DISCOURSE; NARRATION; ADULT; AGE AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of, and sources of variability in, language measures from interviews collected from young school-age children. Method: Two 10-min interviews were collected from 20 at-risk kindergarten children by an examiner using a standardized set of questions. Test-retest reliability coefficients were calculated for 8 language measures. Generalizability theory (G-theory) analyses were completed to document the variability introduced into the measures from the child, session, sample length, and topic. Results: Significant and strong reliability correlation coefficients were observed for most of the language sample measures. The G-theory analyses revealed that most of the variance in the language measures was attributed to the child. Session, sample length, and topic accounted for negligible amounts of variance in most of the language measures. Conclusion: Measures from interviews were reliable across sessions, and the sample length and topic did not have a substantial impact on the reliability of the language measures. Implications regarding the clinical feasibility of language sample analysis for assessment and progress monitoring are discussed. C1 [Heilmann, John] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [DeBrock, Lindsay] Wake Cty Schools, Cary, NC USA. [Riley-Tillman, T. Chris] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Heilmann, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. 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A, 2010, LANGUAGE SAMPLING AD OBRIEN RM, 1995, QUAL QUANT, V29, P421, DOI 10.1007/BF01106066 Oetting JB, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P505, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/040) Owens R., 2009, LANGUAGE DISORDERS F Paul R., 2007, LANGUAGE DISORDERS I Peterson C, 1983, DEV PSYCHOLINGUISTIC Price LH, 2010, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V41, P206, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0054) MENTIS M, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P583 Stein N., 1979, ADV DISCOURSE PROCES, V2, P53 Tilstra J., 2007, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V29, P43, DOI 10.1177/1525740108314866 Ukrainetz TA, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V37, P298, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2006/034) Wagner CR, 2000, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V35, P83 Wallach G., 1994, LANGUAGE LEARNING DI Westby C., 1991, COMMUNICATION SKILLS, P334 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0035) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200002 PM 23897591 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, CE Hadley, PA Rispoli, M AF Fitzgerald, Colleen E. Hadley, Pamela A. Rispoli, Matthew TI Are Some Parents' Interaction Styles Associated With Richer Grammatical Input? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grammar; morphosyntax; input; tense ID ACQUISITION; IMPAIRMENT; CONTEXTS; CHILDREN; SPEECH; TENSE AB Purpose: Evidence for tense marking in child-directed speech varies both across languages (Guasti, 2002; Legate & Yang, 2007) and across speakers of a single language (Hadley, Rispoli, Fitzgerald, & Bahnsen, 2011). The purpose of this study was to understand how parent interaction styles and register use overlap with the tense-marking properties of child-directed speech. This study investigated how parent interaction style, measured by utterance function, and parent register use when asking questions interacted with verb forms in child-directed input to identify interaction styles associated with the richest grammatical input. Method: Participants were 15 parent-toddler dyads. The communicative function of parent utterances and the form of their questions were coded from language samples of parent-child play when children were 21 months of age. Verbs were coded for linguistic form (e.g., imperative, modal, copula). Results: Directives and reduced questions were both negatively related to input informativeness (i.e., the proportion of unambiguous evidence for tense). Other-focused descriptives were positively related to input informativeness. Conclusion: Predictable overlap existed between the characteristics of parents' interaction styles and register use and their input informativeness. An other-focused descriptive style most strongly related to richer evidence for the +Tense grammar of English. C1 [Fitzgerald, Colleen E.; Hadley, Pamela A.; Rispoli, Matthew] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Fitzgerald, CE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM fitzger7@illinois.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R15 DC005374]; National Science Foundation [BCS-082251] FX Collection of archival data was supported by R15 DC005374, from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders awarded to Matthew Rispoli. Data analysis was supported by BCS-082251 from the National Science Foundation awarded to Matthew Rispoli and Pamela Hadley. This article is based on Colleen Fitzgerald's master's thesis. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 476 EP 488 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0111) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200003 PM 23275628 ER PT J AU Franco, JH Davis, BL Davis, JL AF Franco, Jessica H. Davis, Barbara L. Davis, John L. TI Increasing Social Interaction Using Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching With Nonverbal School-Age Children With Autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication; prelinguistic; social interaction; autism; routine ID JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS; INTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; MULTIPLE BASELINE; MOTHER-INFANT AB Purpose: Children with autism display marked deficits in initiating and maintaining social interaction. Intervention using play routines can create a framework for developing and maintaining social interaction between these children and their communication partners. Method: Six nonverbal 5- to 8-year-olds with autism were taught to engage in social interaction within salient play routines. Prelinguistic milieu teaching (PMT) techniques were used to teach the children to communicate intentionally during these routines. Intervention focused on the children's social interaction with an adult. The effects of intervention were evaluated using a multiple baseline design across participants. Results: At study onset, the participants demonstrated few consistent interaction with others. With intervention, all of the children improved their ability to sustain social interactions, as evidenced by an increase in the number of communicative interactions during play routines. Participants also increased their overall rate of initiated intentional communication. Conclusion: Development of intentional prelinguistic communication within salient social routines creates opportunities for an adult to teach social and communication skills to young school-age children with autism who function at a nonverbal level. C1 [Franco, Jessica H.; Davis, Barbara L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Davis, John L.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Franco, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 489 EP 502 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/10-0103) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200004 PM 23813208 ER PT J AU McLeod, S Harrison, LJ McAllister, L McCormack, J AF McLeod, Sharynne Harrison, Linda J. McAllister, Lindy McCormack, Jane TI Speech Sound Disorders in a Community Study of Preschool Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech sound disorders; articulation; phonology; service delivery; parent; teacher ID MODERATE PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER; LATE-DEVELOPING LANGUAGE; 28-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD APRAXIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; IMPAIRMENT; LITERACY; ASSOCIATION; INTELLIGIBILITY; INVOLVEMENT AB Purpose: To undertake a community (nonclinical) study to describe the speech of preschool children who had been identified by parents/teachers as having difficulties "talking and making speech sounds" and compare the speech characteristics of those who had and had not accessed the services of a speech-language pathologist (SLP). Method: Stage 1: Parent/teacher concern regarding the speech skills of 1,097 4- to 5-year-old children attending early childhood centers was documented. Stage 2a: One hundred forty-three children who had been identified with concerns were assessed. Stage 2b: Parents returned questionnaires about service access for 109 children. Results: The majority of the 143 children (86.7%) achieved a standard score below the normal range for the percentage of consonants correct (PCC) on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (Dodd, Hua, Crosbie, Holm, & Ozanne, 2002). Consonants produced incorrectly were consistent with the late-8 phonemes (Shriberg, 1993). Common phonological patterns were fricative simplification (82.5%), cluster simplification (49.0%)/reduction (19.6%), gliding (41.3%), and palatal fronting (15.4%). Interdental lisps on /s/ and /z/ were produced by 39.9% of the children, dentalization of other sibilants by 17.5%, and lateral lisps by 13.3%. Despite parent/teacher concern, only 41/109 children had contact with an SLP. These children were more likely to be unintelligible to strangers, to express distress about their speech, and to have a lower PCC and a smaller consonant inventory compared to the children who had no contact with an SLP. Conclusion: A significant number of preschool-age children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have not had contact with an SLP. These children have mild-severe SSD and would benefit from SLP intervention. Integrated SLP services within early childhood communities would enable earlier identification of SSD and access to intervention to reduce potential educational and social impacts affiliated with SSD. C1 [McLeod, Sharynne; Harrison, Linda J.; McAllister, Lindy; McCormack, Jane] Charles Sturt Univ, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. [McAllister, Lindy] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP McLeod, S (reprint author), Charles Sturt Univ, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. EM smcleod@csu.edu.au RI McLeod, Sharynne/I-8088-2014 OI McLeod, Sharynne/0000-0002-7279-7851 FU Australian Research Council [DP0773978, FT0990588]; Charles Sturt University Research Institute for Professional Practice, Learning and Education FX This research was supported by the following sources: Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP0773978; Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT0990588; and the Charles Sturt University Research Institute for Professional Practice, Learning and Education. The authors acknowledge insights, assistance, and support from Christine Porter, Bethany Toohill, Emma Heinrich, and Hannah Wilkin. CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1985, ASHA, P49 Anderson C. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 503 EP 522 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0123) PG 20 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200005 PM 23813192 ER PT J AU Lockart, R McLeod, S AF Lockart, Rebekah McLeod, Sharynne TI Factors That Enhance English-Speaking Speech-Language Pathologists' Transcription of Cantonese-Speaking Children's Consonants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; transcription; multilingual; Cantonese ID PHONETIC DETAIL; PERCEPTION; LISTENERS; JAPANESE; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; INTERVENTION; ACQUISITION; EXPERIENCE; DISORDERS AB Purpose: To investigate speech-language pathology students' ability to identify errors and transcribe typical and atypical speech in Cantonese, a nonnative language. Method: Thirty-three English-speaking speech-language pathology students completed 3 tasks in an experimental within-subjects design. Results: Task 1 (baseline) involved transcribing English words. In Task 2, students transcribed 25 words spoken by a Cantonese adult. An average of 59.1% consonants was transcribed correctly (72.9% when Cantonese-English transfer patterns were allowed). There was higher accuracy on shared English and Cantonese syllable-initial consonants /m,n,f,s,h,j,w,l/ and syllable-final consonants. In Task 3, students identified consonant errors and transcribed 100 words spoken by Cantonese-speaking children under 4 additive conditions: (1) baseline, (2) +adult model, (3) +information about Cantonese phonology, and (4) all variables (2 and 3 were counterbalanced). There was a significant improvement in the students' identification and transcription scores for conditions 2, 3, and 4, with a moderate effect size. Increased skill was not based on listeners' proficiency in speaking another language, perceived transcription skill, musicality, or confidence with multilingual clients. Conclusion: Speech-language pathology students, with no exposure to or specific training in Cantonese, have some skills to identify errors and transcribe Cantonese. Provision of a Cantonese-adult model and information about Cantonese phonology increased students' accuracy in transcribing Cantonese speech. C1 [Lockart, Rebekah] Macquarie Univ, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [McLeod, Sharynne] Charles Sturt Univ, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. RP McLeod, S (reprint author), Charles Sturt Univ, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. EM smcleod@csu.edu.au RI McLeod, Sharynne/I-8088-2014 OI McLeod, Sharynne/0000-0002-7279-7851 FU Australian Research Council [FT0990588] FX This research comprised the first author's master's research, supervised by the second author. 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M., 2006, SENSATION PERCEPTION Zee E., 1999, HDB INT PHONETIC ASS, P58 NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 523 EP 539 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0009) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200006 PM 23813201 ER PT J AU Klein, HB Byun, TM Davidson, L Grigos, MI AF Klein, Harriet B. Byun, Tara McAllister Davidson, Lisa Grigos, Maria I. TI A Multidimensional Investigation of Children's /r/ Productions: Perceptual, Ultrasound, and Acoustic Measures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustics; articulation; speech production; speech sound disorders ID ENGLISH VERTICAL-BAR; PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION; SPEECH HABILITATION; ADOLESCENTS; ARTICULATION; LISTENERS; RHOTICS; YOUNG AB Purpose: This study explored relationships among perceptual, ultrasound, and acoustic measurements of children's correct and misarticulated /r/ sounds. Longitudinal data documenting changes across these parameters were collected from 2 children who acquired /r/ over a period of intervention and were compared with data from children with typical speech. Method: Participants were 3 children with typical speech, recorded once, and 2 children with /r/ misarticulation, recorded over 7-8 months. The following data from /r/ produced in nonwords were collected: perceptually rated accuracy, ultrasound measures of tongue shape, and F3 - F2 distance. Results: Regression models revealed significant associations among perceptual, ultrasound, and acoustic measures of /r/ accuracy. The inclusion of quantitative tongue-shape measurements improved the match between the ultrasound and perceptual/acoustic data. Perceptually incorrect /r/ productions were found to feature posteriorly located peaked tongue shapes. Of the children who were seen longitudinally, 1 developed a bunched /r/ and 1 demonstrated retroflexion. The children with typical speech also differed in their tongue shapes. Conclusion: Results support the validity of using qualitative and quantitative ultrasound measures to characterize the accuracy of children's /r/ sounds. Clinically, findings suggest that it is important to encourage pharyngeal constriction while allowing children to find the /r/ tongue shape that best fits their individual vocal tract. C1 [Klein, Harriet B.; Byun, Tara McAllister; Davidson, Lisa; Grigos, Maria I.] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Klein, HB (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM harriet.klein@nyu.edu CR Adler-Bock M, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P128, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/017) Alwan A, 1997, J ACOUST SOC AM, V101, P1078, DOI 10.1121/1.417972 Bacsfalvi P, 2010, CANADIAN J SPEECH LA, V34, P206 Ball MJ, 2006, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V20, P119, DOI 10.1080/02699200400026629 Bernhardt B, 2003, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V17, P199, DOI 10.1080/0269920031000071451 Bernhardt BM, 2008, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V22, P149, DOI 10.1080/02699200701801225 Bernthal J. E., 2009, ARTICULATION PHONOLO Boersma P., 2010, PRAAT DOING PHONETIC Boyce S, 1997, J ACOUST SOC AM, V101, P3741, DOI 10.1121/1.418333 Boyce S. 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TI Lexical Diversity and Omission Errors as Predictors of Language Ability in the Narratives of Sequential Spanish-English Bilinguals: A Cross-Language Comparison SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language sample analysis; bilingual language impairment; omission errors; lexical diversity ID SPEAKING CHILDREN; GRAMMATICAL MORPHOLOGY; VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT; 2ND-LANGUAGE LEARNERS; DISCRIMINANT ACCURACY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SPONTANEOUS SPEECH; VERB INFLECTIONS; IMPAIRMENT; ACQUISITION AB Purpose: This study explored the utility of language sample analysis for evaluating language ability in school-age Spanish-English sequential bilingual children. Specifically, the relative potential of lexical diversity and word/morpheme omission as predictors of typical or atypical language status was evaluated. Method: Narrative samples were obtained from 48 bilingual children in both of their languages using the suggested narrative retell protocol and coding conventions as per Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT; Miller & Iglesias, 2008) software. An additional lexical diversity measure, VocD, was also calculated. A series of logistical hierarchical regressions explored the utility of the number of different words, VocD statistic, and word and morpheme omissions in each language for predicting language status. Results: Omission errors turned out to be the best predictors of bilingual language impairment at all ages, and this held true across languages. Although lexical diversity measures did not predict typical or atypical language status, the measures were significantly related to oral language proficiency in English and Spanish. Conclusion: The results underscore the significance of omission errors in bilingual language impairment while simultaneously revealing the limitations of lexical diversity measures as indicators of impairment. The relationship between lexical diversity and oral language proficiency highlights the importance of considering relative language proficiency in bilingual assessment. C1 [Jacobson, Peggy F.; Walden, Patrick R.] St Johns Univ, Queens, NY USA. RP Jacobson, PF (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Queens, NY USA. EM jacobsop@stjohns.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [5RO3DC 07018-02] FX This research was supported by Grant 5RO3DC 07018-02 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders awarded to the first author. We are grateful to graduate research assistants Margaret Casey, Yury Cobos, Ana Contreras, Jessica Greco, and Edith Tsouri for performing transcription, coding, and reliability measurements. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 554 EP 565 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/11-0055) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200008 PM 23813196 ER PT J AU Lund, AM Garcia, JM Chambers, E AF Lund, Annelise Masters Garcia, Jane Mertz Chambers, Edgar TI Line Spread as a Visual Clinical Tool for Thickened Liquids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dysphagia; swallowing; thickened liquids ID SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS; TRAINING-PROGRAM; DYSPHAGIA DIETS; BEVERAGES; VISCOSITY; ACCURACY; INTERVENTIONS; ASPIRATION AB Purpose: Preparing modified liquids to a target level of consistency is critical to patients' nutritional care. This study examined the relationship of line spread (i.e., the distance a liquid flows) to viscometer measurements for a variety of product/liquid combinations and determined if flow distance visually differentiated nectar-thick versus honey-like consistency. Method: Combinations of 4 thickening products (3 starch-based and 1 gum-based thickener) prepared with 6 serving-temperature liquids that had various levels of fat, fiber, and added nutrients were tested. A total of 32 product/liquid combinations tested within the target range of 80-800 centipoise (cP). Measurements were recorded using line spread and a Brookfield RVDV-II+viscometer. Results: Nectar-thick and honey-like consistencies significantly differed in their degree of line spread. Using our line spread apparatus, a value of 4.5 cm differentiated between nectar-thick and honey-like consistencies. There was an inverse correlation (-.75) between viscometer data and line spread results. That is, high viscosity values represented samples with less flow distance (line spread), and low viscosity values represented samples with more flow distance. Conclusion: Line spread appears to be a quick, objective, and visual method that might be used to help patients and their caregivers achieve more accurate and consistent thickened liquid preparation. C1 [Lund, Annelise Masters; Garcia, Jane Mertz; Chambers, Edgar] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Garcia, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jgarcia@ksu.edu FU Perry C. & Virginia Peine Excellence for Aging Initiative at Kansas State University FX This research was supported in part by a grant provided by The Perry C. & Virginia Peine Excellence for Aging Initiative at Kansas State University. CR Adeleye B, 2007, J AM DIET ASSOC, V107, P1176, DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.04.011 Arroyo-Izaga M, 2007, ARCH LATINOAM NUTR, V57, P163 BROWN A, 1998, CONSULTANT DIETITIAN, V23, P2 Budke J, 2008, J AM DIET ASSOC, V108, P1532, DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.06.434 Castellanos VH, 2004, J AM DIET ASSOC, V104, P1222, DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.05.203 Colodny N, 2001, DYSPHAGIA, V16, P263, DOI 10.1007/s00455-001-0085-5 Garcia JM, 2010, J CLIN NURS, V19, P1618, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03009.x Garcia JM, 2008, DYSPHAGIA, V23, P65, DOI 10.1007/s00455-007-9098-z Garcia JM, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P4, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/003) GARCIA JM, 2012, TOPICS CLIN NUTR, V27, P105, DOI DOI 10.1097/TIN.OB013E3182542117 Glassburn DL, 1998, DYSPHAGIA, V13, P218, DOI 10.1007/PL00009575 GODWIN S, 2003, FAM EC NUTR REV, V15, P47 Godwin S, 2001, NUTR RES, V21, P1217, DOI 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00336-0 Godwin SL, 2004, J AM DIET ASSOC, V104, P585, DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.006 Logemanin JA, 2008, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V51, P173, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/013) Lotong V, 2003, J FOOD SCI, V68, P1537, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09680.x Mann LL, 1996, J AM DIET ASSOC, V96, P585, DOI 10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00160-5 Matta Z, 2006, J AM DIET ASSOC, V106, P1049, DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.022 National Dysphagia Diet Task Force, 2002, NAT DYSPH DIET STAND Nicosia MA, 2007, DYSPHAGIA, V22, P306, DOI 10.1007/s00455-007-9086-3 Pelletier CA, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P99, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/012) Richter SL, 2012, J ACAD NUTR DIET, V112, P1603, DOI 10.1016/j.jand.2012.07.010 Riley WT, 2007, J NUTR EDUC BEHAV, V39, P70, DOI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.08.028 Robbins J, 2008, ANN INTERN MED, V148, P509 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 566 EP 571 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0044) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 219WN UT WOS:000324542200009 PM 23813193 ER PT J AU Zajac, DJ AF Zajac, David J. TI Nasalance Scores of Children With Repaired Cleft Palate Who Exhibit Normal Velopharyngeal Closure During Aerodynamic Testing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nasalance; velopharyngeal function; cleft palate; pressure-sensitive theory ID HYPONASALITY AB Purpose: To determine if children with repaired cleft palate and normal velopharyngeal (VP) closure as determined by aerodynamic testing exhibit greater acoustic nasalance than control children without cleft palate. Method: Pressure-flow procedures were used to identify 2 groups of children based on VP closure during the production of /p/ in the word hamper: (a) children with repaired cleft palate and normal VP closure (n = 23) and (b) controls without cleft palate and with normal VP closure (n = 16). Acoustic nasalance scores were obtained for all children during the production of syllables with high-pressure consonants and sentences with low-pressure consonants (i.e., low-pressure sentences). Results: Nasalance scores were generally higher for children with repaired cleft palate and normal VP function as compared to controls; however, a significant difference occurred only for low-pressure sentences (p = .005). Conclusion: Results partially support a pressure-sensitive theory of VP function in that some children with repaired cleft palate may achieve VP closure during the production of high-pressure consonants but fail to do so during the production of vowels and low-pressure consonants. Clinical implications are discussed. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Zajac, DJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM david_zajac@dentistry.unc.edu FU National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research [R56DE018004] FX This project was supported by Award R56DE018004 from the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research. The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent official views of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research or the National Institutes of Health. The author wishes to thank Amanda Lloyd and Caitrin Plante for assistance with data collection. 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TI Specific Language Impairment and Executive Functioning: Parent and Teacher Ratings of Behavior SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; SLI; executive functioning; language ID WORKING-MEMORY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EMOTION REGULATION; ADHD; SLI; INHIBITION; ATTENTION; DEFICITS; COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUALS AB Purpose: The current study used the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Gioia, Espy, & Isquith, 2003), a rating scale designed to investigate executive behaviors in everyday activities, to examine the executive functioning of preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI) relative to their typically developing (TD) peers. Method: Nineteen preschool children with SLI were age- and gender-matched to 19 TD peers. Both parents and teachers of the participants completed the BRIEF-P. Results: The executive functioning of children with SLI were rated significantly worse than those of controls by both parents and teachers. Adults' perceptions of the children's executive functioning significantly correlated with the children's language abilities. Conclusion: Parent and teacher perceptions of executive functioning in children with SLI align with prior findings of executive deficits that have been documented on neuropsychological assessments and experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results provide additional supporting evidence of the relationship between language abilities and executive functioning in early child development. C1 [Wittke, Kacie; Spaulding, Tammie J.; Schechtman, Calli J.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Spaulding, TJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM tammie.spaulding@uconn.edu FU UConn Foundation FX This work was supported by a UConn Foundation large faculty grant to the second author. 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H., 2004, CLIN EVALUATION LANG WRIGHT RJ, 1974, J EDUC MEAS, V11, P277, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1974.tb01000.x NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0052) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600018 PM 23184138 ER PT J AU Preston, JL Hull, M Edwards, ML AF Preston, Jonathan L. Hull, Margaret Edwards, Mary Louise TI Preschool Speech Error Patterns Predict Articulation and Phonological Awareness Outcomes in Children With Histories of Speech Sound Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech sound disorders; speech production; phonological awareness; outcomes; literacy ID LITERACY OUTCOMES; 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PROCESSING SKILLS; PHONEME AWARENESS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; FOLLOW-UP; IMPAIRMENT; KINDERGARTEN; LANGUAGE; INTERVENTION AB Purpose: To determine if speech error patterns in preschoolers with speech sound disorders (SSDs) predict articulation and phonological awareness (PA) outcomes almost 4 years later. Method: Twenty-five children with histories of preschool SSDs (and normal receptive language) were tested at an average age of 4;6 (years; months) and were followed up at age 8;3. The frequency of occurrence of preschool distortion errors, typical substitution and syllable structure errors, and atypical substitution and syllable structure errors was used to predict later speech sound production, PA, and literacy outcomes. Results: Group averages revealed below-average school-age articulation scores and low-average PA but age-appropriate reading and spelling. Preschool speech error patterns were related to school-age outcomes. Children for whom >10% of their speech sound errors were atypical had lower PA and literacy scores at school age than children who produced <10% atypical errors. Preschoolers who produced more distortion errors were likely to have lower school-age articulation scores than preschoolers who produced fewer distortion errors. Conclusion: Different preschool speech error patterns predict different school-age clinical outcomes. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0022) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600019 PM 23184137 ER PT J AU Newton, C Acres, K Bruce, C AF Newton, Caroline Acres, Kadia Bruce, Carolyn TI A Comparison of Computerized and Paper-Based Language Tests With Adults With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; assessment; computers; language ID PROGRESSIVE MATRICES; EQUIVALENCE; INFORMATION; STANDARD; THERAPY; STROKE AB Purpose: This study investigated whether computers are a useful tool in the assessment of people with aphasia (PWA). Computerized and traditionally administered versions of tasks were compared to determine whether (a) the scores were equivalent, (b) the administration was comparable, (c) variables such as age affected performance, and (d) the participants' perceptions of the computerized and traditionally administered versions of the tasks were similar. Method: Fifteen PWA were assessed on 2 language tasks-sentence-picture matching and grammaticality judgment-in 3 conditions: computer only, computer with the clinician present, and traditional. The participants also completed questionnaires rating aspects of each condition. Results: Scores from the traditionally administered tasks were highly correlated with those from the computerized tasks, but scores from the computerized tasks were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in the time taken between the conditions. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0027) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600020 PM 23695898 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A Martens, MA Fox, R Rabidoux, P Andridge, R AF Hoffmann, Anne Martens, Marilee A. Fox, Robert Rabidoux, Paula Andridge, Rebecca TI Pragmatic Language Assessment in Williams Syndrome: A Comparison of the Test of Pragmatic Language-2 and the Children's Communication Checklist-2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pragmatics; assessment; Williams syndrome; developmental disabilities ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IMPAIRMENT; ABILITIES; DEFICITS AB Purpose: Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) are recognized as having a strong desire for social relationships, yet many of them have difficulty forming and maintaining peer relationships. One cause may be impairments in pragmatic language. The current study compared the assessment of pragmatic language skills in individuals with WS using the Test of Pragmatic Language-Second Edition (TOPL-2; Phelps-Terasaki & Phelps-Gunn, 2007) and the Children's Communication Checklist-Second Edition (CCC-2; Bishop, 2003). Method: Twenty children and adolescents diagnosed with WS were given the TOPL-2, and their parents completed the CCC-2. Results: The TOPL-2 identified 8 of the 14 older children (ages 8-16 years) as having pragmatic language impairment and all of the 6 younger children (ages 6-7 years) as having such. In comparison, the CCC-2 identified 6 of the 14 older children and 2 of the 6 younger children as having pragmatic language impairment. The older group also had a higher composite score than the younger group on the CCC-2. Conclusion: The TOPL-2 identified significantly more participants as having pragmatic language impairment than did the CCC-2. The TOPL-2 may be more useful in assessing pragmatic language in older children than younger children. The results offer important preliminary clinical implications of language measures that may be beneficial in the assessment of individuals with WS. C1 [Hoffmann, Anne; Martens, Marilee A.; Fox, Robert; Rabidoux, Paula; Andridge, Rebecca] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hoffmann.255@osu.edu RI Andridge, Rebecca/C-8457-2012 OI Andridge, Rebecca/0000-0001-9991-9647 CR Adams C, 2001, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V36, P289, DOI 10.1080/13682820119881 Berko-Gleason J, 2009, DEV LANGUAGE Bishop D. V., 2006, CHILDRENS COMMUNICAT Bishop D. V. 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B., 2006, WILLIAMS BEUREN SYND, P159 Mervis CB, 2000, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V6, P148 Mervis CB, 2003, INT REV RES MENT RET, V27, P35 Mogford K., 2000, LANGUAGE DEV EXCEPTI, P177 Peoples R, 2000, AM J HUM GENET, V66, P47, DOI 10.1086/302722 Phelps-Gunn T., 2007, TEST PRAGMATIC LANGU Phelps-Terasaki D, 1992, TEST PRAGMATIC LANGU Philofsky A, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P368, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/040) Piattelli-Palmarini M., 2001, NATURE, V411, P886 Pinker Steven, 1999, WORDS RULES INGREDIE Pober BR, 1996, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V5, P929 Reilly J, 2004, BRAIN LANG, V88, P229, DOI 10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00101-9 Semel E., 2003, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V4th Stojanovik V, 2006, J NEUROLINGUIST, V19, P157, DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2005.11.005 Stojanovik V, 2008, J NEUROLINGUIST, V21, P18, DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2007.06.003 Stojanovik V, 2004, J NEUROLINGUIST, V17, P403, DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2004.01.002 Stromme P, 2002, J CHILD NEUROL, V17, P269, DOI 10.1177/088307380201700406 Strong C. J., 1998, STRONG NARRATIVE ASS Sullivan K, 2003, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V23, P85, DOI 10.1207/S15326942DN231&2_5 Tager-Flusberg H, 2000, COGNITION, V76, P59, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00069-X Volden J, 2010, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V19, P204, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0011) Williams K. T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR Young EC, 2005, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V36, P62, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2005/006) NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0131) PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600021 PM 23184135 ER PT J AU Lester, RA Story, BH AF Lester, Rosemary A. Story, Brad H. TI Acoustic Characteristics of Simulated Respiratory-Induced Vocal Tremor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE voice; tremor; respiratory ID VOICE TREMOR; FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; PRESSURE; PHONATION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of respiratory forced oscillation to the acoustic characteristics of vocal tremor. Method: Acoustical analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the intensity and fundamental frequency (F-0) for speech samples obtained by Farinella, Hixon, Hoit, Story, and Jones (2006) using a respiratory forced oscillation paradigm with 5 healthy adult males to simulate vocal tremor involving respiratory pressure modulation. The analyzed conditions were sustained productions of /a/ with amplitudes of applied pressure of 0, 1, 2, and 4 cmH(2)O and a rate of 5 Hz. Results: Forced oscillation of the respiratory system produced modulation of the intensity and F-0 for all participants. Variability was observed between participants and conditions in the change in intensity and F-0 per unit of pressure change, as well as in the mean intensity and F-0. However, the extent of modulation of intensity and F-0 generally increased as the applied pressure increased, as would be expected. Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals develop idiosyncratic adaptations to pressure modulations, which are important to understanding aspects of variability in vocal tremor, and highlight the need to assess all components of the speech mechanism that may be directly or indirectly affected by tremor. C1 [Lester, Rosemary A.; Story, Brad H.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lester, RA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ralester@email.arizona.edu FU Thomas J. Hixon Doctoral Fellowship FX This research was funded by the Thomas J. Hixon Doctoral Fellowship. We would like to thank Kimberly Farinella for sharing these data and the associated laboratory documentation. We would also like to thank Jeannette Hoit for her contributions to the interpretation of these results in light of results from previous unpublished studies within the Speech Research Laboratory at the University of Arizona. CR BROWN JR, 1963, NEUROLOGY, V13, P520 Farinella KA, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P72, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/008) Finnegan EM, 2003, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V129, P313 Gamboa J, 1998, J VOICE, V12, P444, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(98)80053-2 Hachinski V C, 1975, Can J Neurol Sci, V2, P195 Hixon T., 1972, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Hixon T. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0043) PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600022 PM 23184136 ER PT J AU Armstrong, E Fox, S Wilkinson, R AF Armstrong, Elizabeth Fox, Sarah Wilkinson, Ray TI Mild Aphasia: Is This the Place for an Argument? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; communication; language; neurologic disorders; social communication ID RHETORICAL STRUCTURE-THEORY; CONVERSATION; ATTENTION; REPAIR; ORGANIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; LANGUAGE; TALK AB Purpose: Individuals with mild aphasia often report significant disruption to their communication despite seemingly minor impairment. This study explored this phenomenon through examining conversations of a person with mild aphasia engaging in argumentation-a skill she felt had significantly deteriorated after her stroke. Method: A person with mild aphasia and her husband recorded 4 conversations involving topical issues. The discourse dynamics and lexical-grammatical content were analyzed using systemic functional linguistic (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) and conversation analysis (Sacks, Schegloff, & Jefferson, 1974) frameworks. Results: The couple demonstrated similarities in the types of conversational moves, but the language of the person with aphasia was more nonspecific and simplified, manifesting in difficulties developing a logical argument and responding to the partner's line of argument. In addition, the nonaphasic speaker recurrently overlapped the aphasic speaker in order to request clarification of particular points, highlighting the types of behaviors that can occur in this form of higher level language activity. Conclusion: The complex argument task and the multilevel and multi-approach analysis are useful tools for examining persons with mild aphasia, revealing aspects that are often overlooked in standard tests. Treatment could incorporate more complex notions such as evaluative language and the role of overlap in complex conversations. C1 [Armstrong, Elizabeth] Edith Cowan Univ, Perth, WA, Australia. [Fox, Sarah] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Wilkinson, Ray] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Armstrong, E (reprint author), Edith Cowan Univ, Perth, WA, Australia. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S268 EP S278 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0084) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600005 PM 23695903 ER PT J AU Coelho, C Le, Ke Mozeiko, J Hamilton, M Tyler, E Krueger, F Grafman, J AF Coelho, Carl Le, Karen Mozeiko, Jennifer Hamilton, Mark Tyler, Elizabeth Krueger, Frank Grafman, Jordan TI Characterizing Discourse Deficits Following Penetrating Head Injury: A Preliminary Model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; language disorders; memory; executive functions; pragmatics ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; NARRATIVE DISCOURSE; STORY NARRATIVES; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; MEASURING GOODNESS; ELICITATION TASK; WORKING-MEMORY; ADULTS; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE AB Purpose: Discourse analyses have demonstrated utility for delineating subtle communication deficits following closed head injuries (CHIs). The present investigation examined the discourse performance of a large group of individuals with penetrating head injury (PHI). Performance was also compared across 6 subgroups of PHI based on lesion locale. A preliminary model of discourse production following PHI was proposed and tested. Method: Story narratives were elicited from 2 groups of participants, 167 with PHI and 46 non brain-injured (NBI). Micro- and macrostructural components of each story were analyzed. Measures of memory, executive functions, and intelligence were also administered. All measures were compared across groups and PHI subgroups. The proposed model of discourse production was tested with a structural equation modeling procedure. Results: No differences for the discourse measures were noted across the six PHI subgroups. Three measures distinguished the PHI and NBI groups: narrative length, story grammar, and completeness. The proposed model of discourse production had an adequate-to-good fit with the cognitive and discourse data. Conclusion: In spite of differing mechanisms of injury, the PHI group's discourse performance was consistent with what has been reported for individuals with CHI. The model tested represents a preliminary step toward understanding discourse production following traumatic brain injury. C1 [Coelho, Carl; Le, Karen; Mozeiko, Jennifer; Hamilton, Mark; Tyler, Elizabeth] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Krueger, Frank] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Grafman, Jordan] Rehabil Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. RP Coelho, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S438 EP S448 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0076) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600017 PM 23695915 ER PT J AU Fergadiotis, G Wright, HH West, TM AF Fergadiotis, Gerasimos Wright, Heather H. West, Thomas M. TI Measuring Lexical Diversity in Narrative Discourse of People With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; lexical diversity; validity ID SPONTANEOUS SPEECH; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; MISSING DATA; FIT INDEXES; ADULTS; VALIDATION; CHILDREN; STORY AB Purpose: A microlinguistic content analysis for assessing lexical semantics in people with aphasia (PWA) is lexical diversity (LD). Sophisticated techniques have been developed to measure LD. However, validity evidence for these methodologies when applied to the discourse of PWA is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four measures of LD to determine how effective they were at measuring LD in PWA. Method: Four measures of LD were applied to short discourse samples produced by 101 PWA: (a) the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD; McCarthy, 2005), (b) the Moving-Average Type-Token Ratio (MATTR; Covington, 2007), (c) D (McKee, Malvern, & Richards, 2000), and (d) the Hypergeometric Distribution (HD-D; McCarthy & Jarvis, 2007). LD was estimated using each method, and the scores were subjected to a series of analyses (e.g., curve-fitting, analysis of variance, confirmatory factor analysis). Results: Results from the confirmatory factor analysis suggested that MTLD and MATTR reflect LD and little of anything else. Further, two indices (HD-D and D) were found to be equivalent, suggesting that either one can be used when samples are >50 tokens. Conclusion: MTLD and MATTR yielded the strongest evidence for producing unbiased LD scores, suggesting that they may be the best measures for capturing LD in PWA. C1 [Fergadiotis, Gerasimos; Wright, Heather H.; West, Thomas M.] Arizona State Univ, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. RP Fergadiotis, G (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. EM gfergadiotis@pdx.edu FU National Institute on Aging [R01AG029476] FX This research was partially supported by the National Institute on Aging Grant R01AG029476. Much of the work was completed when the authors were affiliated with Arizona State University in Tempe, AZ. We are especially grateful to the study participants. We also thank the volunteers in the Aging and Adult Language Lab at Arizona State University for assistance with language analyses and Franklin Chen from Carnegie Mellon University for assisting with CLAN coding. 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Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S397 EP S408 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0083) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600014 PM 23695912 ER PT J AU Hinckley, JJ Douglas, NF AF Hinckley, Jacqueline J. Douglas, Natalie F. TI Treatment Fidelity: Its Importance and Reported Frequency in Aphasia Treatment Studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproducibility of results; evidence-based practice; speech-language pathology; aphasia ID TREATMENT INTEGRITY; TREATMENT IMPLEMENTATION; PSYCHOTHERAPY; INTERVENTIONS; STRATEGIES; CHILDREN; THERAPY AB Purpose: Treatment fidelity is a measure of the reliability of the administration of an intervention in a treatment study. It is an important aspect of the validity of a research study, and it has implications for the ultimate implementation of evidence-supported interventions in typical clinical settings. Method: Aphasia treatment studies published in the last 10 years in 3 journals were reviewed using coding techniques that were adapted from Gresham, Gansle, Noell, Cohen, and Rosenblum (1993). The following items were noted: identifying information, study design, description of both the dependent and independent variables, and whether a measure of treatment fidelity was explicitly included. Results: Of the aphasia treatment studies published in the last 10 years, 14% explicitly reported treatment fidelity. Most studies reporting treatment fidelity used checking of videotaped sessions by independent raters. Of the reviewed studies, 45% provided sufficient treatment description to support replication. Conclusion: Treatment fidelity is widely acknowledged as being critical to research validity and is a foundation for the implementation of evidence-based practices, but only a small percentage of aphasia treatment studies published in the last 10 years explicitly reported treatment fidelity. Recommendations for research practices include increased attention to matters of treatment fidelity in the peer review process and explicit incorporation of 3 levels of treatment fidelity in treatment research. C1 [Hinckley, Jacqueline J.; Douglas, Natalie F.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Hinckley, JJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. 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Hasselkus, Amy Ganzfried, Ellayne TI What People Living With Aphasia Think About the Availability of Aphasia Resources SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; education; consumer health information ID INFORMATION NEEDS; STROKE AB Purpose: Obtaining health information and resources can influence an individual's (a) access to services, (b) interactions with health care providers, and (c) ability to manage one's own health needs. The purpose of this study was to gather the perceptions of consumers living with aphasia about resource availability and information needs. Method: An online survey of consumers in the United States was conducted about the availability of aphasia resources. Analysis of survey responses and comments formed the basis for focus group questions. Four focus groups consisting of persons with aphasia and their caregivers were conducted to explore the survey response themes more deeply. Results: Survey respondents (N = 302) rated aphasia resources as "somewhat difficult to find." Topics ranked as most important by these respondents were (a) how to keep improving, (b) communication strategies, (c) aphasia treatment techniques, (d) coping strategies, and (e) strategies for caregivers. Survey comments and focus group themes suggested that accessing information is difficult, health care providers are not perceived to know about aphasia resources, and there is a lack of public awareness of aphasia that is a barrier to finding information and resources. Conclusion: Understanding how people living with aphasia seek information may allow us to better tailor access to resources in the future. C1 [Hinckley, Jacqueline J.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hasselkus, Amy] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ganzfried, Ellayne] Natl Aphasia Assoc, New York, NY USA. RP Hinckley, JJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S310 EP S317 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0090) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600009 PM 23695907 ER PT J AU Kendall, DL Pompon, RH Brookshire, CE Minkina, I Bislick, L AF Kendall, Diane L. Pompon, Rebecca Hunting Brookshire, C. Elizabeth Minkina, Irene Bislick, Lauren TI An Analysis of Aphasic Naming Errors as an Indicator of Improved Linguistic Processing Following Phonomotor Treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; anomia; phonomotor treatment; error analysis ID PHONOTACTIC PROBABILITY; LEXICAL ACCESS; REHABILITATION; MODEL AB Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of phonomotor treatment on the types of errors produced during a confrontation naming task for people with aphasia (PWA). Method: Ten PWA received 60 hr of phonomotor treatment across 6 weeks. Confrontation naming abilities were measured before and after treatment, and responses were coded as correct or incorrect. Incorrect responses were coded for error type. Paired t tests comparing pre-, post- and 3 months posttreatment naming accuracy and error type were performed. Results: Group data showed that naming accuracy on trained items improved significantly immediately post treatment, and gains were maintained 3 months later. Naming accuracy on untrained items did not show significant improvement immediately post treatment or 3 months later. Results of error type analysis were not significant. However, a decrease in omission errors and an increase in mixed errors were noted immediately post treatment for naming of untrained items. Conclusion: Results suggest that intensive phonomotor treatment improved lexical-retrieval abilities and may have triggered a shift in linguistic processing, as indicated by a decrease in omission errors on trained items and an increase in mixed errors on untrained items. C1 [Kendall, Diane L.; Pompon, Rebecca Hunting; Brookshire, C. Elizabeth; Minkina, Irene; Bislick, Lauren] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kendall, Diane L.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr Puget Sound, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kendall, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dkendall@uw.edu FU Veterans Administration RR&D Merit Review Grant [C6572R]; National Institutes of Health [T32 DC000033] FX This study was supported by Veterans Administration RR&D Merit Review Grant C6572R and by National Institutes of Health Research Training Grant T32 DC000033 (Hunting Pompon). The authors wish to thank all participants, and Alexandra Martin, for their contributions to this project. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S240 EP S249 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0078) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600002 PM 23695900 ER PT J AU Kiran, S Sandberg, C Gray, T Ascenso, E Kester, E AF Kiran, Swathi Sandberg, Chaleece Gray, Teresa Ascenso, Elsa Kester, Ellen TI Rehabilitation in Bilingual Aphasia: Evidence for Within- and Between-Language Generalization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; bilingualism; language disorders; neurologic disorders; intervention ID SEMANTIC COMPLEXITY; NAMING TREATMENT; LEXICAL ACCESS; PROFICIENT BILINGUALS; INTERFERENCE; TRANSLATION; SELECTION; RECOVERY; DEFICITS; THERAPY AB Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine if there was a principled way to understand the nature of rehabilitation in bilingual aphasia such that patterns of acquisition and generalization are predictable and logical. Method: Seventeen Spanish-English bilingual individuals with aphasia participated in the experiment. For each participant, three sets of stimuli were developed for each language: (a) English Set 1, (b) English Set 2 (semantically related to each item in English Set 1), (c) English Set 3 (unrelated control items), (d) Spanish Set 1 (translations of English Set 1), (e) Spanish Set 2 (translations of English Set 2; semantically related to each item in Spanish Set 1), and (f) Spanish Set 3 (translations of English Set 3; unrelated control items). A single-subject experimental multiple baseline design across participants was implemented. Treatment was conducted in 1 language, but generalization to within- and between-language untrained items was examined. Results: Treatment for naming on Set 1 items resulted in significant improvement (i.e., effect size >4.0) on the trained items in 14/17 participants. Of the 14 participants who showed improvement, within-language generalization to semantically related items was observed in 10 participants. Between-language generalization to the translations of trained items was observed in 5 participants, and between-language generalization to the translations of the untrained semantically related items was observed in 6 participants. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated within- and between-language patterns that were variable across participants. These differences are indicative of the interplay between facilitation (generalization) and inhibition. C1 [Kiran, Swathi; Sandberg, Chaleece; Gray, Teresa; Ascenso, Elsa] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kiran, Swathi] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kester, Ellen] Bilinguistics, Austin, TX USA. RP Kiran, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM kirans@bu.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R21DC009446]; American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation FX A portion of this research was supported by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant R21DC009446 and a Clinical Research Grant from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation to the first author. The authors would like to thank Danielle Tsibulsky, Anne Alvarez, and Rajani Sebastian for their assistance in data collection and analysis. The authors would also like to thank all of the participants for their time and cooperation. 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K., 2012, ASPECTS MULTILINGUAL, P35 Obler L. K., 2012, ASPECTS MULTILINGUAL, V1 Paradis M., 1989, BILINGUAL APHASIA TE Shapiro L., 2011, COGNITION ACQUIRED L, P298 Shin H., 2010, LANGUAGE USE US 2007 STARREVELD PA, 1995, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V21, P686, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.21.3.686 WILLIAMS JN, 1994, EUR J COGN PSYCHOL, V6, P195, DOI 10.1080/09541449408520143 NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S298 EP S309 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0085) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600008 PM 23695906 ER PT J AU Lee, JB Sohlberg, MM AF Lee, Jaime B. Sohlberg, McKay Moore TI Evaluation of Attention Training and Metacognitive Facilitation to Improve Reading Comprehension in Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; attention; reading; resource allocation ID WORKING-MEMORY; MILD APHASIA; AUDITORY VIGILANCE; CLINICAL-IMPLICATIONS; TREATING ATTENTION; DIVIDED-ATTENTION; EFFECT SIZES; INDIVIDUALS; TASK; LANGUAGE AB Purpose: This pilot study investigated the impact of direct attention training combined with metacognitive facilitation on reading comprehension in individuals with aphasia. Method: A single-subject, multiple baseline design was employed across 4 participants to evaluate potential changes in reading comprehension resulting from an 8-week intervention using Attention Process Training-3 (APT-3). The primary outcome measure was a maze reading task. Pre- and posttesting included attention and reading comprehension measures. Visual inspection of graphed performance data across conditions was used as the primary method of analysis. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for changes in reading comprehension probes from baseline to maintenance phases. Results: Two of the study's 4 participants demonstrated improvements in maze reading, with corresponding effect sizes that were small in magnitude according to benchmarks for aphasia treatment research. All 4 participants made improvements on select standardized measures of attention. Conclusion: Interventions that include a metacognitive component with direct attention training may elicit improvements in participants' attention and allocation of resources. Maze passage reading is a repeated measure that appears sensitive to treatment-related changes in reading comprehension. Issues for future research related to measurement, candidacy, and clinical delivery are discussed. C1 [Lee, Jaime B.; Sohlberg, McKay Moore] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S318 EP S333 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0099) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600010 PM 23695908 ER PT J AU Mailend, ML Maas, E AF Mailend, Marja-Liisa Maas, Edwin TI Speech Motor Programming in Apraxia of Speech: Evidence From a Delayed Picture-Word Interference Task SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apraxia of speech; aphasia; speech motor control; speech production ID RESPONSE EXCLUSION HYPOTHESIS; SEMANTIC INTERFERENCE; LANGUAGE PRODUCTION; SYLLABLE FREQUENCY; AMERICAN ENGLISH; LEXICAL ACCESS; REACTION-TIME; ARTICULATION; ACTIVATION; SEQUENCE AB Purpose: Apraxia of speech (AOS) is considered a speech motor programming impairment, but the specific nature of the impairment remains a matter of debate. This study investigated 2 hypotheses about the underlying impairment in AOS framed within the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA; Guenther, Ghosh, & Tourville, 2006) model: The retrieval hypothesis states that access to the motor programs is impaired, and the damaged programs hypothesis states that the motor programs themselves are damaged. Method: The experiment used a delayed picture-word interference paradigm in which participants prepare their response and auditory distracters are presented with the go signal. The overlap between target and distracter words was manipulated (i.e., shared sounds or no shared sounds), and participants' reaction times (RTs) were measured. Participants included 5 speakers with AOS (4 with concomitant aphasia), 2 speakers with aphasia without AOS, and 9 age-matched control speakers. Results: The control speakers showed no effects of distracter type or presence. The speakers with AOS had longer RTs in the distracter condition compared to the no-distracter condition. The speakers with aphasia without AOS were comparable to the control group in their overall RTs and RT pattern. Conclusion: Results provide preliminary support for the retrieval hypothesis, suggesting that access to motor programs may be impaired in speakers with AOS. However, the possibility that the motor programs may also be damaged cannot be ruled out. C1 [Mailend, Marja-Liisa; Maas, Edwin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mailend, ML (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mailend@email.arizona.edu FU American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation; Research Symposium in Clinical Aphasiology fellowship; H. E. Carter Travel Award; SLHS Travel Award FX This study was supported by a New Century Scholars Research Grant from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation (PI: Edwin Maas). 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S380 EP S396 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0101) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600013 PM 23695911 ER PT J AU Minkina, I Ojemann, JG Grabowski, TJ Silkes, JP Phatak, V Kendall, DL AF Minkina, Irene Ojemann, Jeffrey G. Grabowski, Thomas J. Silkes, Joann P. Phatak, Vaishali Kendall, Diane L. TI Treatment of Proper Name Retrieval Deficits in an Individual With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language disorders; speech-language pathology; language; proper names; temporal lobe epilepsy ID FAMOUS FACES; RECOGNITION; PEOPLE; MEMORY; DAMAGE; POLE AB Purpose: Studies investigating language deficits in individuals with left temporal-lobe epilepsy have consistently demonstrated impairments in proper name retrieval. The aim of this Phase I rehabilitation study was to investigate the effects of a linguistically distributed word retrieval treatment on proper name retrieval in an individual with left temporal-lobe epilepsy. Method: A 61-year old right-handed male with left temporal-lobe epilepsy (clinical onset at the age of 50) and a deficit in proper name retrieval participated in this study. A single-subject, repeated-probe ABAA design with testing before, immediately after, and 3 months after treatment completion was employed. Proper name retrieval treatment was administered 2 hr per day for 5 days. Results: Results demonstrated improved naming on trained items and maintenance of trained items 3 months after treatment completion. Conclusion: Treatment, which took advantage of the individual's undamaged linguistic networks, promoted the reorganization of networks supporting proper naming, leading to improved proper name retrieval. Further research replicating these findings in individuals with varying degrees of proper name retrieval impairment is warranted. Additionally, the mechanism behind the observed improvements in proper name retrieval needs to be investigated further using functional neuroimaging. C1 [Minkina, Irene; Ojemann, Jeffrey G.; Grabowski, Thomas J.; Silkes, Joann P.; Phatak, Vaishali; Kendall, Diane L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kendall, Diane L.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr Puget Sound, Seattle, WA USA. RP Minkina, I (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM iminkina@uw.edu FU University of Washington Royalty Research Fund [A61872] FX We would like to thank the participant for his time and effort. We would also like to thank Lauren Bislick and Christina del Toro for their help with study design and Elizabeth Brookshire for her help with reliability. This study was supported by the University of Washington Royalty Research Fund (A61872). 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S250 EP S255 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0048) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600003 PM 23695901 ER PT J AU Peach, RK AF Peach, Richard K. TI The Cognitive Basis for Sentence Planning Difficulties in Discourse After Traumatic Brain Injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cognition; language disorders; traumatic brain injury; executive functions; attention ID CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; COLORED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES; WORKING-MEMORY; NARRATIVE DISCOURSE; SPEECH PRODUCTION; LANGUAGE; INTELLIGENCE; ADULTS; IMPAIRMENT; PERFORMANCE AB Purpose: Analyses of language production of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) place increasing emphasis on microlinguistic (i.e., within-sentence) patterns. It is unknown whether the observed problems involve implementation of well-formed sentence frames or represent a fundamental linguistic disturbance in computing sentence structure. This study investigated the cognitive basis for microlinguistic deficits in individuals with TBI. Method: Fifteen nonaphasic individuals with severe TBI and 6 age- and education-matched non brain-injured adults participated in this study. Monologic discourse samples were analyzed for pausing patterns, mazes, errors, and abandoned utterances. Measures of cognitive abilities were correlated with the sentence measures. Results: The speakers with TBI produced more pauses between clauses (but not within clauses) as well as more mazes than did the non brain-injured speakers. Significant regression models were built. Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1965), a measure associated with working memory, predicted pause behavior, and Likenesses-Differences (Baker & Leland, 1967), a measure of executive function, predicted maze behavior. Conclusions: Sentence planning impairments following TBI are associated with deficient organization and monitoring of language representations in working memory. These findings suggest that the deficits are due to problems in the recruitment and control of attention for sentence planning. These findings bear on sentence processing models that emphasize the activation, organization, and maintenance of language representations for accurate sentence production. C1 Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Peach, RK (reprint author), Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S285 EP S297 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0081) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600007 PM 23695905 ER PT J AU Purves, BA Petersen, J Puurveen, G AF Purves, Barbara A. Petersen, Jill Puurveen, Gloria TI An Aphasia Mentoring Program: Perspectives of Speech-Language Pathology Students and of Mentors With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; social communication; scholarship of teaching and learning; education ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE; THERAPISTS TALK; EDUCATION; PRINCIPLES; HEALTH; COMMUNICATION; REFLECTIONS; ARMSTRONG; COMMUNITY; FERGUSON AB Purpose: In contrast to clinician-as-expert models, social models of clinical practice typically acknowledge people with aphasia as equal partners in intervention. Given this, there may be a place within speech-language pathology education for programs situating people with aphasia as experts. This paper describes an aphasia mentoring program that was implemented as part of a speech-language pathology graduate program. Method: Qualitative research methods with thematic analysis of interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, and participant observation were used to develop a description of the mentoring program, including the experiences and perspectives of the participants-both mentors (people with chronic aphasia) and students. Results: Five themes, including getting better, aphasia advocacy, group as versus for therapy, we're a team, and focus on mentoring, emerged from the mentors' data. Five themes, including shifting the power dynamic, getting to know the person, seeing members as mentors, making classroom learning real, and connecting with a community, emerged from the students' data. There were significant overlaps and intersections between the 2 data sets. Conclusion: Findings revealed how an aphasia mentoring program that positions people with aphasia as experts can make a significant contribution to student education while supporting mentors' own goals, with implications for improved quality of life. C1 [Purves, Barbara A.; Petersen, Jill; Puurveen, Gloria] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Purves, BA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM purves@audiospeech.ubc.ca FU Teaching and Learning Enhancement Fund of the University of British Columbia FX The Aphasia Mentoring Program is supported by a grant from the Teaching and Learning Enhancement Fund of the University of British Columbia. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S370 EP S379 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0071) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600012 PM 23695910 ER PT J AU Rose, ML AF Rose, Miranda L. TI Releasing the Constraints on Aphasia Therapy: The Positive Impact of Gesture and Multimodality Treatments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia treatment; constraint; multimodality; gesture; therapy ID INDUCED LANGUAGE THERAPY; WORD-RETRIEVAL; VERB RETRIEVAL; PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION; SPEECH PRODUCTION; NAMING THERAPY; BROCAS APHASIA; LEXICAL ACCESS; REHABILITATION; COMMUNICATION AB Purpose: There is a 40-year history of interest in the use of arm and hand gestures in treatments that target the reduction of aphasic linguistic impairment and compensatory methods of communication (Rose, 2006). Arguments for constraining aphasia treatment to the verbal modality have arisen from proponents of constraint-induced aphasia therapy (Pulvermuller et al., 2001). Confusion exists concerning the role of nonverbal treatments in treating people with aphasia. The central argument of this paper is that given the state of the empirical evidence and the strong theoretical accounts of modality interactions in human communication, gesture-based and multimodality aphasia treatments are at least as legitimate an option as constraint-based aphasia treatment. Method: Theoretical accounts of modality interactions in human communication and the gesture production abilities of individuals with aphasia that are harnessed in treatments are reviewed. The negative effects on word retrieval of restricting gesture production are also reviewed, and an overview of the neurological architecture subserving language processing is provided as rationale for multimodality treatments. The evidence for constrained and unconstrained treatments is critically reviewed. Conclusion: Together, these data suggest that constraint treatments and multimodality treatments are equally efficacious, and there is limited support for constraining client responses to the spoken modality. C1 La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. RP Rose, ML (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S227 EP S239 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0091) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600001 PM 23695899 ER PT J AU Scharp, VL Tompkins, CA AF Scharp, Victoria L. Tompkins, Connie A. TI Suppression and Narrative Time Shifts in Adults With Right-Hemisphere Brain Damage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stroke; cognition; aging; language ID DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION IMPAIRMENT; WORKING-MEMORY CONSTRAINTS; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION; LEXICAL AMBIGUITY; SITUATION MODELS; LANGUAGE; ACCESSIBILITY; MECHANISMS; ATTENTION AB Purpose: This study examined the functioning of a central comprehension mechanism, suppression, in adults with right-hemisphere damage (RHD) while they processed narratives that cued a shift in time frame. In normal language comprehension, mental activation of concepts from a prior time frame is suppressed. The (re) activation of information following a time frame shift was also assessed. Method: Twenty adults (12 RHD; 8 non brain-damaged) completed a speeded word recognition task while listening to narratives in 2 conditions: shift ("an hour later") and no shift ("a moment later"). Results: There was no group difference in suppression for response time proportion data (shift/no shift), but cluster analyses identified a suppression deficit in 8 of the adults with RHD. There was overlap in suppression function at the narrative and lexical levels. The group with RHD was significantly delayed in mentally (re) activating new information after a time shift cue. Conclusion: Results underscore the generality of suppression functioning in adults with RHD. As such, treatment for a suppression deficit at one level may generalize to another level. An apparent independence of suppression and activation deficits suggests that each may need separate treatment. A better understanding of the nature and boundary conditions of suppression and activation deficits should better inform clinical decisions. C1 [Scharp, Victoria L.; Tompkins, Connie A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Scharp, VL (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM scharpvl@hotmail.com FU School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [DC0101182] FX Portions of this manuscript were supported by the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Student Development Fund to the first author and a grant (DC0101182) from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders to the second author. 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Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S256 EP S267 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0072) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600004 PM 23695902 ER PT J AU Vallila-Rohter, S Kiran, S AF Vallila-Rohter, Sofia Kiran, Swathi TI Nonlinguistic Learning in Individuals With Aphasia: Effects of Training Method and Stimulus Characteristics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adults; aphasia; language; category learning ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; AGRAMMATIC APHASIA; ARTIFICIAL GRAMMAR; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; AMNESIC PATIENTS; SYNTACTIC COMPLEXITY; MOVEMENT STRUCTURES; CATEGORY EXEMPLARS; PAIRED-ASSOCIATE; BASAL GANGLIA AB Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to explore nonlinguistic learning ability in individuals with aphasia, examining the impact of stimulus typicality and feedback on success with learning. Method: Eighteen individuals with aphasia and 8 nonaphasic controls participated in this study. All participants completed 4 computerized, nonlinguistic category-learning tasks. Learning ability was probed under 2 methods of instruction: feedback-based (FB) and paired-associate (PA). The impact of task complexity on learning ability was also examined, comparing 2 stimulus conditions: typical and atypical. Performance was compared between groups and across conditions. Results: The controls were able to successfully learn categories under all conditions. For the individuals with aphasia, 2 patterns of performance arose: One subgroup of individuals was able to maintain learning across task manipulations and conditions; the other subgroup demonstrated a sensitivity to task complexity, learning successfully only in the typical training conditions. Conclusion: Results support the hypothesis that impairments of general learning are present in individuals with aphasia. Some individuals demonstrated the ability to extract category information under complex training conditions; others learned only under conditions that were simplified and that emphasized salient category features. Overall, the typical training condition facilitated learning for all of the participants. Findings have implications for treatment, which are discussed. C1 [Vallila-Rohter, Sofia; Kiran, Swathi] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Vallila-Rohter, Sofia] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Vallila-Rohter, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sofiav@mit.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [T32 DC00038] FX We would like to thank all of our participants, caregivers, and relatives for contributing to this study. This project was made possible in part by Grant T32 DC00038 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S426 EP S437 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0087) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600016 PM 23695914 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JL Nessler, C Wright, S AF Wambaugh, Julie L. Nessler, Christina Wright, Sandra TI Modified Response Elaboration Training: Application to Procedural Discourse and Personal Recounts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; efficacy; intervention ID WORD RETRIEVAL; APHASIA; THERAPY AB Purpose: This investigation was designed to examine the effects of a modification of response elaboration training (RET; Kearns, 1985) with speakers with mild to mild-moderate aphasia. The modification entailed application of RET to procedural discourse and personal recounts rather than to narrative discourse. Method: Three participants with chronic aphasia received modified RET (M-RET) applied sequentially in the context of multiple baseline designs to the conditions of personal recounts and procedural discourse. Production of correct information units (CIUs; Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) served as the primary dependent variable. Results: Participants 2 and 3 demonstrated increases in the production of CIUs in response to treatment of procedures. M-RET applied to the personal recount condition was not associated with increased production of CIUs in personal recounts in probes. However, Participant 1 demonstrated increased CIU production for previously treated procedures when treatment was applied to personal recounts. Small effect sizes were obtained for procedural sets for Participant 1, and large effect sizes were obtained for procedural sets for Participants 2 and 3. Maintenance of gains at 3 and 6 weeks post treatment was strong. Conclusion: Application of M-RET to procedural discourse appears to be a viable treatment option for participants with mild to mild-moderate aphasia. C1 [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Nessler, Christina; Wright, Sandra] VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Wambaugh, Julie L.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wambaugh, JL (reprint author), VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM julie.wambaugh@health.utah.edu FU Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development FX This research was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development. Thanks are extended to Shannon Mauszycki and Rosalea Cameron for their assistance with this project. CR Barsalou L. 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Mauszycki, Shannon Cameron, Rosalea Wright, Sandra Nessler, Christina TI Semantic Feature Analysis: Incorporating Typicality Treatment and Mediating Strategy Training to Promote Generalization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; efficacy; intervention ID APHASIA TREATMENT; NAMING DEFICITS; RETRIEVAL; ANOMIA; DISCOURSE; ERRORLESS; COMPLEXITY; ADULTS AB Purpose: This investigation was designed to examine the generalization effects of semantic treatment for word retrieval deficits in people with aphasia. Semantic feature analysis (SFA; Boyle & Coelho, 1995), typicality treatment (Kiran & Thompson, 2003), and mediating strategy training were combined to maximize potential generalization effects. Method: Treatment, which included SFA and a semantic feature judgment task, was conducted with 9 participants with chronic aphasia in the context of multiple baseline designs across behaviors. Typical and atypical exemplars were trained across animate and inanimate categories. Treatment was sequentially modified to overtly train the use of SFA as a mediating strategy. Results: Eight of the 9 participants demonstrated improvements in naming of trained stimuli. Positive generalization effects were limited overall; possible response generalization was evident for 5 participants. Instruction in the use of a mediating strategy resulted in improved naming of treated words for all participants; however, generalization to untreated words did not occur. Conclusion: Treatment using SFA resulted in improved naming of treated typical and atypical exemplars in both animate and inanimate categories for 8 of 9 participants. Training in a mediating strategy also resulted in improved retrieval of experimental words. Regardless of intervention approach, generalization to untreated items was limited. C1 [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Mauszycki, Shannon; Wright, Sandra; Nessler, Christina] VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Mauszycki, Shannon; Cameron, Rosalea] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wambaugh, JL (reprint author), VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM julie.wambaugh@health.utah.edu FU Department of Veteran Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development FX This research was supported by the Department of Veteran Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development. 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M., 1981, ASSESSMENT INTELLIGI NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP S334 EP S369 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2013/12-0070) PG 36 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156LD UT WOS:000319822600011 PM 23695909 ER PT J AU Patel, R Connaghan, K Franco, D Edsall, E Forgit, D Olsen, L Ramage, L Tyler, E Russell, S AF Patel, Rupal Connaghan, Kathryn Franco, Diana Edsall, Erika Forgit, Dory Olsen, Laura Ramage, Lianna Tyler, Emily Russell, Scott TI "The Caterpillar": A Novel Reading Passage for Assessment of Motor Speech Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE motor speech evaluation; reading passage; contextual speech ID DYSARTHRIA; APRAXIA AB Purpose: A review of the salient characteristics of motor speech disorders and common assessment protocols revealed the need for a novel reading passage tailored specifically to differentiate between and among the dysarthrias (DYSs) and apraxia of speech (AOS). Method: "The Caterpillar" passage was designed to provide a contemporary, easily read, contextual speech sample with specific tasks (e. g., prosodic contrasts, words of increasing length and complexity) targeted to inform the assessment of motor speech disorders. Twenty-two adults, 15 with DYS or AOS and 7 healthy controls (HC), were recorded reading "The Caterpillar" passage to demonstrate its utility in examining motor speech performance. Conclusion: Analysis of performance across a subset of segmental and prosodic variables illustrated that "The Caterpillar" passage showed promise for extracting individual profiles of impairment that could augment current assessment protocols and inform treatment planning in motor speech disorders. C1 [Patel, Rupal; Connaghan, Kathryn; Franco, Diana; Edsall, Erika; Forgit, Dory; Olsen, Laura; Ramage, Lianna; Tyler, Emily] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Russell, Scott] Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Patel, R (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM r.patel@neu.edu CR Boersma P., 2009, PRAAT SYSTEM DOING P Bunton K, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P1481, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/102) DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P462 Darley F.L, 1975, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P246 Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Freed D, 2012, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Fry E., 2000, 1000 INSTANT WORDS Liss J. M., 2007, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE, P187 McNeil MR, 1997, CLIN MANAGEMENT SENS, P311 Nord L., 1997, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V5, P113 Ogar J, 2006, BRAIN LANG, V97, P343, DOI 10.1016/j.bandl.2006.01.008 Patel R., 2010, ASSESSMENT TREATMENT, P75 Patel R., 2008, CONV AM SPEECH LANG Reilly J, 2012, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V55, P84, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/11-0158) Strand EA, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1018 Van Riper C., 1963, SPEECH CORRECTION PR Wertz RT, 1984, APRAXIA SPEECH ADULT Yorkston K. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0134) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800001 PM 22846881 ER PT J AU Yu, B AF Yu, Betty TI Issues in Bilingualism and Heritage Language Maintenance: Perspectives of Minority-Language Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilingualism; autism spectrum disorders; heritage language maintenance; family; cultural and linguistic diversity ID INTERVENTION; IMPAIRMENT; FAMILIES; PARENTS AB Purpose: The author investigated the language practices of 10 bilingual, Chinese/English-speaking, immigrant mothers with their children with autism spectrum disorders. The aim was to understand (a) the nature of the language practices, (b) their constraints, and (c) their impact. Method: The author employed in-depth phenomenological interviews with thematic and narrative analyses to yield themes. Results: Interviewees reported that they adopted language practices perceived to be advantageous to intervention access and wellness. They valued Chinese language but did not pursue its use if it was believed to hinder the children's overall development of English acquisition. All of the mothers believed that bilingualism made learning more challenging. Many believed that it caused confusion or exacerbated disabilities. These deficit views of bilingualism were commonly reinforced by professionals. All of the mothers were motivated to help their children learn English but had no assistance to do so. Practices were sustainable only when they were aligned with families' preferred communication patterns. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for practitioners to be better informed about issues related to intergenerational language practices in minority-language families. Language use between parents and children is a complex matter that is unique to each family. Parents need to be supported to make language use decisions that are self-enhancing and congruent with their families' needs. C1 San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Yu, B (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM bettyyu@sfsu.edu CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005, CULT COMP ISS ETH American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2011, CULT COMP PROF SERV American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2010, MEMB PROF HIGHL TREN American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004, KNOWL SKILLS NEED SP Arias M. B., 2008, PROMOTING ELL PARENT Artiles A. 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W., 1991, EARLY CHILDHOOD RES, V6, P323, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2006(05)80059-6 Woodgate RL, 2008, QUAL HEALTH RES, V18, P1075, DOI 10.1177/1049732308320112 Worthy J., 2006, BILINGUAL RES J, V30, P579, DOI 10.1080/15235882.2006.10162891 Zentella AC, 1997, GROWING BILINGUAL PU NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/10-0078) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800002 PM 23071196 ER PT J AU Watson, LR Crais, ER Baranek, GT Dykstra, JR Wilson, KP AF Watson, Linda R. Crais, Elizabeth R. Baranek, Grace T. Dykstra, Jessica R. Wilson, Kaitlyn P. TI Communicative Gesture Use in Infants With and Without Autism: A Retrospective Home Video Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; infants and toddlers; gestural communication; developmental disorders ID JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; EARLY RECOGNITION; PROFILES; LANGUAGE; DEFICITS; AGE AB Purpose: The authors aimed to compare gesture use in infants with autism with gesture use in infants with other developmental disabilities (DD) or typical development (TD). Method: Children with autism (n = 43), DD (n = 30), and TD (n = 36) were recruited at ages 2 to 7 years. Parents provided home videotapes of children in infancy. Staff compiled video samples for 2 age intervals (9-12 and 15-18 months) and coded samples for frequency of social interaction (SI), behavior regulation (BR), and joint attention (JA) gestures. Results: At 9-12 months, infants with autism were less likely to use JA gestures than infants with DD or TD, and less likely to use BR gestures than infants with TD. At 15-18 months, infants with autism were less likely than infants with DD to use SI or JA gestures, and less likely than infants with TD to use BR, SI, or JA gestures. Among infants able to use gestures, infants with autism used fewer BR gestures than those with TD at 9-12 months, and fewer JA gestures than infants with DD or TD at 15-18 months. Conclusion: Differences in gesture use in infancy have implications for early autism screening, assessment, and intervention. C1 [Watson, Linda R.; Crais, Elizabeth R.; Baranek, Grace T.; Dykstra, Jessica R.; Wilson, Kaitlyn P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Watson, LR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM lwatson@med.unc.edu FU National Institute for Child Health and Human Development [R01-HD42168]; Cure Autism Now Foundation; Autism Speaks FX This research was supported, in part, by grants from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD42168) and the Cure Autism Now Foundation (which has since merged with Autism Speaks). We thank the families whose participation made this study possible; the staff members who collected data, edited videotapes, and entered data for this project; and the student assistants and volunteers who coded gestures. We also acknowledge the invaluable assistance of John Bulluck in cleaning and verifying the databases prior to analyses, and the conceptual guidance and logistical assistance of Chris Wiesen (from the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) with the statistical analyses of the data. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0145) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800003 PM 22846878 ER PT J AU Stockman, IJ Guillory, B Guillory, B Seibert, M Boult, J AF Stockman, Ida J. Guillory, Barbara Guillory, Barbara Seibert, Marilyn Boult, Johanna TI Toward Validation of a Minimal Competence Core of Morphosyntax for African American Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African American children; oral language sampling; minimal competence core; morphosyntactic core ID NONMAINSTREAM DIALECT USE; LANGUAGE SAMPLE ANALYSIS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; LOW-INCOME; PRODUCTIVE SYNTAX; PPVT-III; ENGLISH; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; SPEECH AB Purpose: The authors set out to determine (a) whether African American children's spontaneous spoken language met use criteria for a revised minimal competence core with original and added morphosyntactic patterns at different geographical locations, and (b) whether pass/fail status on this core was differentiated on other criterion measures of language maturity. Method: The authors used a common set of activities and stimuli to elicit spontaneous speech samples from Head Start students, age 3; 0 (years; months). The 119 participants were distributed at a northern (Lansing, MI) and a southern (Baton Rouge, LA) location. Results: More than 80% of the children at each location met criteria for 10 core competencies. They included sentence length, type, complexity, and morphosyntactic elaborations of sentences at the lexical, phrasal, and clausal levels. The 2 most significant predictors of pass/fail outcomes in a regression analysis were (a) clinical referral status and (b) the number of different words (NDW100) spoken in a speech sample. Conclusion: A minimal competence core analyses of spontaneous oral language samples may help to identify delayed spoken grammars in African American children. C1 [Stockman, Ida J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Guillory, Barbara] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 40 EP 56 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0124) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800004 PM 22878511 ER PT J AU Haebig, E McDuffie, A Weismer, SE AF Haebig, Eileen McDuffie, Andrea Weismer, Susan Ellis TI The Contribution of Two Categories of Parent Verbal Responsiveness to Later Language for Toddlers and Preschoolers on the Autism Spectrum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; parent responsiveness; parent-child interactions ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION; PRELINGUISTIC PREDICTORS; JOINT ATTENTION; BEHAVIORS; INTERVENTION; ACQUISITION; DISORDERS AB Purpose: The authors examined longitudinal associations between 2 categories of parent verbal responsiveness and language comprehension and production 1 year later in 40 toddlers and preschoolers with a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: Parent-child play samples using a standard toy set were digitally captured and coded for child engagement with objects and communication acts and for parent verbal responses to play and communication. Results: After controlling for parent education, child engagement, and initial language level, only parent directives for language that followed into the child's focus of attention accounted for unique variance in predicting both comprehension and production 1 year later. A series of exploratory analyses revealed that parent comments that followed into the child's focus of attention also accounted for unique variance in later comprehension and production for children who were minimally verbal at the initial time period. Conclusions: Child developmental level may warrant different types of linguistic input to facilitate language learning. Children with ASD who have minimal linguistic skills may benefit from parent language input that follows into the child's focus of attention. Children with ASD who are verbally fluent may need more advanced language input to facilitate language development. C1 [Haebig, Eileen; Weismer, Susan Ellis] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. [McDuffie, Andrea] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haebig, E (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. EM ehaebig@wisc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 DC007223, T32 DC05359-06]; [P30 HD03352] FX Funding for this project was provided by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 DC007223 and T32 DC05359-06 (Susan Ellis Weismer, principal investigator), as well as by a core grant, P30 HD03352, to support the Waisman Center (Marsha Seltzer, principal investigator). We sincerely appreciate the contribution of the families who participated in this study. Also, we thank Amy Stern for her valuable help. CR Adamson LB, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1171, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00732.x American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baldwin D. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0004) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800005 PM 22878512 ER PT J AU Abraham, LM Crais, E Vernon-Feagans, L AF Abraham, Linzy M. Crais, Elizabeth Vernon-Feagans, Lynne CA Family Life Project Phase 1 Key In TI Early Maternal Language Use During Book Sharing in Families From Low-Income Environments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infants and toddlers; mothers; low-income class; language; rural areas ID CHILDREN; VOCABULARY; PREDICTORS; ATTENTION; MOTHERS; INPUT; ACHIEVEMENT; ACQUISITION; COMPETENCE; STRATEGIES AB Purpose: The authors examined the language used by mothers from low-income and rural environments with their infants at ages 6 and 15 months to identify predictors of maternal language use at the 15-month time point. Method: Maternal language use by 82 mothers with their children was documented during book-sharing interactions within the home in a prospective longitudinal study. The authors analyzed transcripts for maternal language strategies and maternal language productivity. Results: Analyses indicated variability across mothers in their language use and revealed some stability within mothers, as maternal language use at the 6-month time point significantly predicted later maternal language. Mothers who used more language strategies at the 6-month time point were likely to use more of these language strategies at the 15-month time point, even after accounting for maternal education, family income, maternal language productivity, and children's communicative attempts. Conclusions: Mothers' language use with their children was highly predictive of later maternal language use, as early as age 6 months. Children's communication also influenced concurrent maternal language productivity. Thus, programs to enhance maternal language use would need to begin in infancy, promoting varied and increased maternal language use and also encouraging children's communication. C1 [Abraham, Linzy M.] Waterloo Region Dist Sch Board, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Crais, Elizabeth; Vernon-Feagans, Lynne] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Abraham, LM (reprint author), Waterloo Region Dist Sch Board, Waterloo, ON, Canada. EM linzyabraham@gmail.com FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P01-HD-39667]; National Institute on Drug Abuse FX Support for this research was provided by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant P01-HD-39667, with co-funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0153) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800006 PM 23413267 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JL Nessler, C Cameron, R Mauszycki, SC AF Wambaugh, Julie L. Nessler, Christina Cameron, Rosalea Mauszycki, Shannon C. TI Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Examination of Treatment Intensity and Practice Schedule SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apraxia of speech; efficacy; aphasia ID SOUND PRODUCTION TREATMENT; TREATMENT GUIDELINES; PRODUCTION ACCURACY; NEURAL PLASTICITY; LANGUAGE THERAPY; APHASIA; REHABILITATION; PRINCIPLES; ACQUISITION; RECOVERY AB Purpose: The authors designed this investigation to extend the development of a treatment for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS)-sound production treatment (SPT)-by examining the effects of 2 treatment intensities and 2 schedules of practice. Method: The authors used a multiple baseline design across participants and behaviors with 4 speakers with chronic AOS and aphasia. Accuracy of production of trained and untrained words in phrases served as the dependent measure. Participants received 4 permutations of SPT (i.e., intensive-blocked, intensive-random, traditional-blocked, and traditional-random) applied sequentially to different lists of words. Results: Positive changes in accuracy of articulation were observed for all participants for all phases of treatment. Two participants had a slightly poorer response to the traditional-random application of treatment. However, no clinically meaningful differences were noted among treatment applications when follow-up data were considered. Conclusions: Findings from this preliminary Phase II investigation suggest that similar outcomes may be achieved with SPT applied with different treatment intensities and different practice schedules. Extending treatment to achieve higher levels of accuracy may have improved maintenance effects, which may have revealed possible differences among conditions. In addition, overlap in methods used for random and blocked practice may have minimized distinctions between these conditions. C1 [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Nessler, Christina; Cameron, Rosalea; Mauszycki, Shannon C.] VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Cameron, Rosalea; Mauszycki, Shannon C.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wambaugh, JL (reprint author), VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM Julie.wambaugh@health.utah.edu FU Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development FX This research was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development. CR Bakheit AMO, 2007, CLIN REHABIL, V21, P885, DOI 10.1177/0269215507078486 Bloom M., 2003, EVALUATING PRACTICE Cherney LR, 2008, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V51, P1282, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/07-0206) Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Dabul B, 2000, APRAXIA BATTERY ADUL, V2nd Donovan JJ, 1999, J APPL PSYCHOL, V84, P795, DOI 10.1037//0021-9010.84.5.795 Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Guadagnoli MA, 2004, J MOTOR BEHAV, V36, P212, DOI 10.3200/JMBR.36.2.212-224 Janiszewski C, 2003, J CONSUM RES, V30, P138, DOI 10.1086/374692 Kendall DL, 2006, J REHABIL RES DEV, V43, P409, DOI 10.1682/JRRD.2005.11.0175 Kertesz A., 1982, W APHASIA BATTERY Kleim JA, 2008, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V51, pS225, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/018) Knock TR, 2000, APHASIOLOGY, V14, P653 LEE TD, 1988, RES Q EXERCISE SPORT, V59, P277 Ludlow CL, 2008, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V51, pS240, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/019) Maas E, 2012, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V55, P561, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/11-0120) Maas E, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P277, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/025) Mauszycki SC, 2008, APHASIOLOGY, V22, P906, DOI 10.1080/02687030701800818 McNeil M. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 84 EP 102 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0025) PG 19 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800007 PM 23071199 ER PT J AU Patterson, JL Rodriguez, BL Dale, PS AF Patterson, Janet L. Rodriguez, Barbara L. Dale, Philip S. TI Response to Dynamic Language Tasks Among Typically Developing Latino Preschool Children With Bilingual Experience SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hispanic; Latino; preschool children; bilingual; Spanish; graduated prompting; dynamic assessment; language screening ID CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS; SPANISH; ENGLISH; PERFORMANCE; VOCABULARY; ABILITY AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether typically developing preschool children with bilingual experience show evidence of learning within brief dynamic assessment language tasks administered in a graduated prompting framework. Dynamic assessment has shown promise for accurate identification of language impairment in bilingual children, and a graduated prompting approach may be well-suited to screening for language impairment. Method: Three dynamic language tasks with graduated prompting were presented to 32 typically developing 4-year-olds in the language to which the child had the most exposure (16 Spanish, 16 English). The tasks were a novel word learning task, a semantic task, and a phonological awareness task. Results: Children's performance was significantly higher on the last 2 items compared with the first 2 items for the semantic and the novel word learning tasks among children who required a prompt on the 1st item. There was no significant difference between the 1st and last items on the phonological awareness task. Conclusions: Within-task improvements in children's performance for some tasks administered within a brief, graduated prompting framework were observed. Thus, children's responses to graduated prompting may be an indicator of modifiability, depending on the task type and level of difficulty. C1 [Patterson, Janet L.; Rodriguez, Barbara L.; Dale, Philip S.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Patterson, JL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jpatters@unm.edu RI Dale, Philip/A-2254-2009 OI Dale, Philip/0000-0002-7697-8510 FU University of New Mexico FX This research was funded by a research allocation grant from the University of New Mexico. Rachael Dalto, Maria Marentes, Stephanie McDougle, Joshua McDowell, and Xavier Ortiz contributed to task development and conducted the data collection and entry. Jennifer Romero and Mireya Hernandez contributed to the reliability analyses. We also thank the YDI Head Start and City of Albuquerque Child Development Center programs. CR Adams M., 1998, PHONEMIC AWARENESS Y Anthony JL, 2011, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V103, P857, DOI 10.1037/a0025024 Bedore LM, 2005, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V36, P188, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2005/020) Blank M., 1978, LANGUAGE LEARNING PR Bridges MS, 2011, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V44, P330, DOI 10.1177/0022219411407863 Burton VJ, 2007, J COMMUN DISORD, V40, P335, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.06.015 Feuerstein R., 1979, DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT R Fortuny K., 2010, YOUNG CHILDREN IMMIG Gorman BK, 2012, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V21, P109, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0063) Guiberson M, 2010, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V19, P225, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0058) Gutierrez-Clellen V., 1996, ASSESSMENT COMMUNICA, P29 Hammer CS, 2012, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V55, P1251, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0016) Hammer CS, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P20, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/003) Kantor PT, 2011, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V44, P313, DOI 10.1177/0022219411407861 Kapantzoglou M, 2012, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V43, P81, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0095) LEWKOWICZ NK, 1980, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V72, P686 LOSARDO A, 2011, ALTERNATIVE APPROACH Miller L, 2001, DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT I Nelson NW, 2010, LANGUAGE LITERACY DI Oetting J., 2009, HDB CHILD LANGUAGE D, P341 Olswang L, 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU, P187 Olswang LB, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P414 Patterson JL, 2005, LANG SOC-SER, P230, DOI 10.1002/9780470754856.ch18 Pena E, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P5, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/001) Pena E, 2001, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V10, P138, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/014) Gutierrez-Clellen VF, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P212, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/019) Pena ED, 2011, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V20, P302, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0020) Pena ED, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P1037, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/074) Rogoff B., 2003, CULTURAL NATURE HUMA ROSEBERRY CA, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P596 Schuele M., 2008, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V39, P3 Smith L. B., 1995, BASIC APPL PERSPECTI, P1 Ukrainetz TA, 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P142 Vygotsky L. S., 1978, MIND SOC Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0129) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800008 PM 23071197 ER PT J AU Washington, KN AF Washington, Karla N. TI The Association Between Expressive Grammar Intervention and Social and Emergent Literacy Outcomes for Preschoolers With SLI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE social skills; emergent literacy; specific language impairment; expressive grammar intervention; preschool outcomes ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; AGREEMENT MORPHEMES; AGE CHILDREN; SPEECH; TENSE AB Purpose: To determine whether (a) expressive grammar intervention facilitated social and emergent literacy outcomes better than no intervention and (b) expressive grammar gains and/or initial expressive grammar level predicted social and emergent literacy outcomes. Method: This investigation was a follow-up to a recently published study exploring the impact of grammatical language intervention on expressive grammar outcomes for preschoolers with specific language impairment (SLI). Twenty-two 3- to 5-year-old preschoolers received ten 20-minute intervention sessions addressing primary deficits in grammatical morphology. Participants' social and emergent literacy skills were not targeted. Twelve children awaiting intervention, chosen from the same selection pool as intervention participants, served as controls. Blind assessments of social and emergent literacy outcomes were completed at preintervention, immediately postintervention, and 3 months postintervention. Results: Only intervention participants experienced significant gains in social and emergent literacy outcomes and maintained these gains for 3 months postintervention. Expressive grammar gains was the only single significant predictor of these outcomes. Conclusions: Expressive grammar intervention was associated with broad impacts on social and emergent literacy outcomes that were maintained beyond the intervention period. Gains in expressive grammar predicted these outcomes. Social and emergent literacy skills were positively affected for preschoolers with SLI during a grammatical language intervention program. C1 [Washington, Karla N.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. RP Washington, KN (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM washink2@ucmail.uc.edu FU Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network; Ontario Graduate Scholarship; Ontario Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology; Research Alliance for Children with Special Needs; University of Western Ontario Thesis Award FX This research project was completed as part of the author's doctoral thesis at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, Canada. The research was financially supported by the Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network, the Ontario Graduate Scholarship, the Ontario Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology, the Research Alliance for Children with Special Needs, and a University of Western Ontario Thesis Award. The author acknowledges the unwavering support and contributions of Genese Warr-Leeper. The author also acknowledges the families, children, speech-language pathologists, graduate students, and research assistants whose participation made possible the timely completion of this study. Finally, the author would like to thank Julia Colangeli and Nancy Creaghead for their editorial contributions as well as her family for their unconditional support. CR Bain B., 1991, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V22, P264 BAKER L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P546, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00015 Bishop D. V. 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H., 1992, CLIN EVALUATION LANG NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0026) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 156KN UT WOS:000319820800009 PM 23071198 ER PT J AU Singleton, NC AF Singleton, Nina Capone TI Can Semantic Enrichment Lead to Naming in a Word Extension Task? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE word learning; word extension; gesture; naming; semantic representation ID YOUNG CHILDRENS USE; VOCABULARY GROWTH; LATE TALKERS; OBJECT NAME; GESTURE; SHAPE; REPRESENTATION; KNOWLEDGE; SPEECH; ERRORS AB Purpose: This study examined the relationship between semantic enrichment and naming in children asked to extend taught words to untrained exemplars. Method: Sixteen typically developing children (M= 32.63 months, SD= 4.02) participated in 3 word learning conditions that varied semantic enrichment via iconic (shape, function) or point gesture. At test, children named taught referents and 2 exemplars of each taught object: shape similar and shape dissimilar. Naming accuracy and errors were analyzed between conditions. Results: The point condition never outperformed the shape or function conditions. In naming taught words, the shape condition was superior to the point condition, whereas the function condition was only marginally superior to the point condition. However, in naming untrained exemplars, only the shape condition was superior to the point condition, and there were fewer indeterminate errors in the shape condition. Conclusion: Semantic enrichment supports naming, but shape cues appear to be particularly effective in using words beyond just-taught referents. C1 Seton Hall Univ, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Singleton, NC (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM nina.capone@shu.edu FU School of Health and Medical Sciences at Seton Hall University FX I acknowledge the School of Health and Medical Sciences at Seton Hall University for financial support during data collection. I thank Monique Kaye and Suzanne MacMaster for careful reliability coding and the families who participated in the study for welcoming me into their homes. 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T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR Woodward A. L., 2004, WEAVING LEXICON, P149 Wu YC, 2007, BRAIN LANG, V101, P234, DOI 10.1016/j.bandl.2006.12.003 Zammit M., 2010, J CHILD LANG, P1 NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0019) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700001 ER PT J AU Pinkoski-Ball, CL Reichle, J Munson, B AF Pinkoski-Ball, Carrie L. Reichle, Joe Munson, Benjamin TI Synthesized Speech Intelligibility and Early Preschool-Age Children: Comparing Accuracy for Single-Word Repetition With Repeated Exposure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE synthesized speech; intelligibility; preschoolers ID LISTENER GROUPS; PERCEPTION; DECTALK; MODELS AB Purpose: This investigation examined the effect of repeated exposure to novel and repeated spoken words in typical environments on the intelligibility of 2 synthesized voices and human recorded speech in preschools. Method: Eighteen preschoolers listened to and repeated single words presented in human-recorded speech, DECtalk Paul, and AT&T Voice Michael during 5 experimental sessions. Stimuli consisted of repeated and novel words presented in each speech output condition during each session. Sessions took place in the presence of typically occurring noise in classroom or home settings. Results: There was a significant main effect for voice as participants accurately identified significantly more words in the human-recorded speech and AT&T Voice than in the DECtalk speech output condition. When averaged across speech output conditions, children increased their accuracy as they participated in additional sessions. There was a statistically significant interaction between session and voice. DECtalk had a slightly larger effect of session than did AT&T Voice and human-recorded speech. C1 [Pinkoski-Ball, Carrie L.; Reichle, Joe; Munson, Benjamin] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Reichle, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0020) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700002 PM 22564904 ER PT J AU Froud, K Khamis-Dakwar, R AF Froud, Karen Khamis-Dakwar, Reem TI Mismatch Negativity Responses in Children With a Diagnosis of Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE childhood apraxia of speech; mismatch negativity; phonological representations; EEG ID DEVELOPMENTAL VERBAL DYSPRAXIA; MOTOR CONTROL; PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION; PHONEME REPRESENTATIONS; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; SPEAKING CHILDREN; BRAIN POTENTIALS; NEURAL BASIS; P300 AB Purpose: To evaluate whether a hypothesis suggesting that apraxia of speech results from phonological overspecification could be relevant for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Method: High-density EEG was recorded from 5 children with CAS and 5 matched controls, ages 5-8 years, with and without CAS, as they listened to randomized sequences of CV syllables in two oddball paradigms: phonemic (/ba/, /pa/) and allophonic (/pa/, /p(h)a/). Results: In the phonemic contrast condition, mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to oddball sounds were observed for the typically developing (comparison) group but not the CAS group, although a component similar to an immature mismatch response was apparent. The allophonic contrast did not elicit MMN responses in the comparison group, but in the CAS group, an MMN-like response was observed. Conclusion: The authors propose that these preliminary findings are consistent with a view of CAS as a disorder that not only affects motor planning but also has a phonological component. C1 [Froud, Karen] Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Khamis-Dakwar, Reem] Adelphi Univ, Garden City, NY 11530 USA. 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H., 1999, P 14 INT C PHON SCI, V2, P1257 Williams P, 1998, Int J Lang Commun Disord, V33 Suppl, P481 Williams P, 2000, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V14, P267 NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0003) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700003 PM 22564903 ER PT J AU Ertmer, DJ Jung, JM AF Ertmer, David J. Jung, Jongmin TI Monitoring Progress in Vocal Development in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients: Relationships Between Speech Samples and Scores From the Conditioned Assessment of Speech Production (CASP) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; cochlear implants; speech production; vocal development; assessment; hearing loss ID PHONETIC DEVELOPMENT; HEARING-LOSS; INFANT; CHILDREN; VOCALIZATIONS; EXPERIENCE AB Purpose: To determine the concurrent validity of the Conditioned Assessment of Speech Production (CASP; Ertmer & Stoel-Gammon, 2008) and data obtained from speech samples recorded at the same intervals. Method: Nineteen children who are deaf who received cochlear implants before their 3rd birthdays participated in the study. Speech samples and CASP scores were gathered at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postactivation. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the concurrent validity of CASP scores and data from samples. Results: CASP scores showed strong concurrent validity with scores from speech samples gathered across all recording sessions (6-24 months). Conclusions: The CASP was found to be a valid, reliable, and time-efficient tool for assessing progress in vocal development during young cochlear implant recipients' first 2 years of device experience. C1 [Ertmer, David J.; Jung, Jongmin] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ertmer, DJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dertmer@purdue.edu RI TOMBLIN, Bruce/I-2257-2012 FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) [R01DC007863] FX This research was supported by a grant to the first author from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD; Grant R01DC007863). We are especially grateful to the parents and children who made this study possible. Sincere appreciation is also offered to the following individuals for their indispensible assistance in recruiting participants and collecting speech samples and CASP scores: Michele Wilkins, Wendy Ban Deters, Monica Brumbaugh, Jennifer Haney, Monica Lynch, and Lyra Repplinger, at Childs Voice school (Wood Dale, IL); Maria Sentelik, Margo Appenzeller, Megan Mercurio, Carey Evans Ratliff, and Meredith Wessels of Ohio Valley Voices (Loveland, OH); Mary Daniels, Cheryl Broekelmann, Kathy Gallagher, Barb Meyers, Judy Odendahl, and Audrea Strelo at the St. Joseph Institute for the Deaf (Chesterfield, MO). Teri Ouellette and Carrie Tamminga at the St. Joseph Institute for the Deaf (Indianapolis, IN); and Jean Moog, Betsy Moog, Rhonda Bennight, Mariana Helbig, and Laurie Preusser at the Moog Center (Chesterfield, MO). Katie Connell Kirleis, Christy Macak, Elesha Sharp, Jennifer Slanker, Diana True Kloiber, A. J. Olszewski, and Stephanie Wieczorek helped with data management and analysis. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 313 EP 328 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0110) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700004 PM 22628109 ER PT J AU Gabriel, A Stefaniak, N Maillart, C Schmitz, X Meulemans, T AF Gabriel, Audrey Stefaniak, Nicolas Maillart, Christelle Schmitz, Xavier Meulemans, Thierry TI Procedural Visual Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE procedural learning; sequential learning; specific language impairment; child language disorder; serial reaction time ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; REACTION-TIME-TASK; MOTOR SKILL; DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL MODEL; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SRT TASKS; SEQUENCE; MEMORY; IMPLICIT; DISORDER AB Purpose: According to the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH), difficulties in the procedural learning (PL) system may contribute to the language difficulties observed in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Method: Fifteen children with SLI and their typically developing (TD) peers were compared on visual PL tasks-specifically, deterministic serial reaction time (SRT) tasks. In the first experiment, children with SLI and their TD peers performed the classical SRT task using a keyboard as response mode. In the second experiment, they performed the same SRT task but gave their responses through a touchscreen (instead of a keyboard) to reduce the motor and cognitive demands of the task. Results: Although in Experiment 1, children with SLI demonstrated learning, they were slower and made more errors than did their TD peers. Nevertheless, these relative weaknesses disappeared when the nature of the response mode changed (Experiment 2). Conclusions: In this study, the authors report that children with SLI may exhibit sequential learning. Moreover, the generally slower reaction times observed in previous deterministic SRT studies may be explained by the response mode used. Thus, our findings are not consistent with the predictions of the PDH, and these findings suggest that language impairments in SLI are not sustained by poor procedural learning abilities. C1 [Gabriel, Audrey; Maillart, Christelle; Schmitz, Xavier; Meulemans, Thierry] Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Stefaniak, Nicolas] Univ Reims, Cognit Language Emot Acquisit CLEA, Reims, France. RP Gabriel, A (reprint author), Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. EM audrey.gabriel@ulg.ac.be FU University of Liege FX Support for this research was provided by the University of Liege (doctoral fellowship for fields not eligible for Fonds Pour la Formation a la Recherche Dans L'Industrie et Dans L'Agriculture [FRIA]). We would also like to thank the teachers, children, and families who generously contributed their time. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0044) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700005 PM 22846879 ER PT J AU Ertmer, DJ Kloiber, DT Jung, JM Kirleis, KC Bradford, D AF Ertmer, David J. Kloiber, Diana True Jung, Jongmin Kirleis, Katie Connell Bradford, Denise TI Consonant Production Accuracy in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients: Developmental Sound Classes and Word Position Effects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phonological development; cochlear implants; children ID VOCAL DEVELOPMENT; SPEECH-PRODUCTION; DEAF-CHILDREN; HEARING; AGE; EXPERIENCE; SYLLABLES; INFANTS AB Purpose: To compare young cochlear implant (CI) recipients' consonant production accuracy with that of age- and gender-matched peers who were typically developing (TD). In addition to examining initial consonants, the authors compiled new data regarding the accuracy of final consonants and the order of consonant acquisition. Methods: Eleven young CI recipients with 24 months of CI experience and 11 age- and gender-matched TD peers produced target words in short sentences. Consonant production accuracy was examined for total scores, initial and final word positions, and three developmental sound classes: Early, Middle, and Late. Results: Initial consonants were produced with relatively greater accuracy than were final consonants by the TD and CI groups. Whereas initial consonants appeared to be acquired in a typical order, descriptive data suggest that this might not be the case for final consonants. Conclusions: Although still delayed compared to age- matched peers, young CI recipients showed substantial progress in consonant acquisition. Their accuracy levels after 2 years of CI experience support the notion that implantation at a young age has added value for phonological development. C1 [Ertmer, David J.; Kloiber, Diana True; Jung, Jongmin; Kirleis, Katie Connell; Bradford, Denise] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ertmer, DJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dertmer@purdue.edu RI TOMBLIN, Bruce/I-2257-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [R01DC007863]; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders FX This research was funded by Grant R01DC007863 to the first author from the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. We are very grateful to the parents and children who made this study possible. Sincere appreciation is also offered to Michele Wilkins, Wendy Ban Deters, Monica Brumbaugh, Jennifer Haney, Monica Lynch, and Lyra Repplinger at Child's Voice school (Wood Dale, IL); Maria Sentelik, Margo Appenzeller, Megan Mercurio, Carey Evans Ratliff, and Meredith Wessels of Ohio Valley Voices (Loveland, OH); Mary Daniels, Cheryl Broekelmann, Kathy Gallagher, Barb Meyers, Judy Odendahl, and Audrea Strelo at the St. Joseph Institute for the Deaf (Chesterfield, MO); Teri Ouellette and Carrie Tamminga at the St. Joseph Institute for the Deaf (Indianapolis, IN); and Jean Moog, Betsy Moog, Rhonda Bennight, Mariana Helbig, and Laurie Preusser at the Moog Center (Chesterfield, MO) for their indispensable assistance in recruiting participants and collecting data. Stephanie Wieczorek assisted in data analysis. 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TI Innovative Technology for the Assisted Delivery of Intensive Voice Treatment (LSVT (R) LOUD) for Parkinson Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson; speech treatment; technology ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; TREATMENT LSVT; SPEECH TREATMENT; FOLLOW-UP; NEURAL PLASTICITY; DISORDERED SPEECH; INDIVIDUALS; DYSARTHRIA; THERAPY; REHABILITATION AB Purpose: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a newly developed assistive technology system, Lee Silverman Voice Treatment Companion (LSVT (R) Companion (TM), hereafter referred to as "Companion"), to support the delivery of LSVT (R) LOUD, an efficacious speech intervention for individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Method: Sixteen individuals with PD were randomized to an immediate (n = 8) or a delayed (n = 8) treatment group. They participated in 9 LSVT LOUD sessions and 7 Companion sessions, independently administered at home. Acoustic, listener perception, and voice and speech rating data were obtained immediately before (pre), immediately after (post), and at 6 months post treatment (follow-up). System usability ratings were collected immediately post treatment. Changes in vocal sound pressure level were compared to data from a historical treatment group of individuals with PD treated with standard, in-person LSVT LOUD. Results: All 16 participants were able to independently use the Companion. These individuals had therapeutic gains in sound pressure level, pre to post and pre to follow-up, similar to those of the historical treatment group. Conclusions: This study supports the use of the Companion as an aid in treatment of hypokinetic dysarthria in individuals with PD. Advantages and disadvantages of the Companion, as well as limitations of the present study and directions for future studies, are discussed. C1 [Halpern, Angela E.; Ramig, Lorraine O.; Spielman, Jennifer L.; Gilley, Phillip M.; Bennett, John K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halpern, Angela E.; Ramig, Lorraine O.; Petska-Cable, Jill A.; Spielman, Jennifer L.] Natl Ctr Voice & Speech, Denver, CO USA. [Matos, Carlos E. C.] Fac Ruy Barbosa, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Pogoda, Janice M.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sapir, Shimon] Univ Haifa, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [McFarland, David H.] Univ Montreal, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [McFarland, David H.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Halpern, AE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM angela.halpern@lsvtglobal.com FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R21-DC05583]; The Michael J. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 354 EP 367 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0125) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700007 PM 23071195 ER PT J AU Huber, JE Darling, M Francis, EJ Zhang, DB AF Huber, Jessica E. Darling, Meghan Francis, Elaine J. Zhang, Dabao TI Impact of Typical Aging and Parkinson's Disease on the Relationship Among Breath Pausing, Syntax, and Punctuation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; speech breathing; aging ID RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH; OLDER-ADULTS; LANGUAGE PRODUCTION; SPEECH TASK; PROSODY; AGE; LOUDNESS; WOMEN; CUES; DISAMBIGUATION AB Purpose: The present study examines the impact of typical aging and Parkinson's disease (PD) on the relationship among breath pausing, syntax, and punctuation. Method: Thirty young adults, 25 typically aging older adults, and 15 individuals with PD participated. Fifteen participants were age- and sex-matched to the individuals with PD. Participants read a passage aloud 2 times. Utterance length, location of breath pauses relative to punctuation and syntax, and number of disfluencies and mazes were measured. Results: Older adults produced shorter utterances, a smaller percentage of breaths at major boundaries, and a greater percentage of breaths at minor boundaries than did young adults, but there was no significant difference between older adults and individuals with PD on these measures. Individuals with PD took a greater percentage of breaths at locations unrelated to a syntactic boundary than did control participants. Individuals with PD produced more mazes than did control participants. Breaths were significantly correlated with punctuation for all groups. Conclusions: Changes in breath-pausing patterns in older adults are likely due to changes in respiratory physiology. However, in individuals with PD, such changes appear to result from a combination of changes to respiratory physiology and cognition. C1 [Huber, Jessica E.; Darling, Meghan; Francis, Elaine J.; Zhang, Dabao] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Huber, JE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jhuber@purdue.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) [1R03DC05731]; Center on Aging and the Life Course at Purdue University; Purdue University FX This research was funded by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) Grant 1R03DC05731, a Research Support Incentive Grant from the Center on Aging and the Life Course at Purdue University, and a Summer Faculty Support Grant from Purdue University. This content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIDCD, the National Institutes of Health, the Center on Aging and the Life Course, or Purdue University. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 368 EP 379 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0059) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700008 PM 22846880 ER PT J AU Anand, S El-Bashiti, N Sapienza, C AF Anand, Supraja El-Bashiti, Nour Sapienza, Christine TI Effect of Training Frequency on Maximum Expiratory Pressure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expiratory muscle strength training; training frequency; maximum expiratory pressure ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; INSPIRATORY PRESSURE; VOLUNTARY COUGH; STRENGTH; EXERCISE; REHABILITATION; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM AB Purpose: To determine the effects of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) frequency on maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Method: We assigned 12 healthy participants to 2 groups of training frequency (3 days per week and 5 days per week). They completed a 4-week training program on an EMST trainer (Aspire Products, LLC). MEP was the primary outcome measure used to determine the effect of training frequency. Results: Participants who trained 3 days per week produced equivalent amounts of improvement in MEP compared with participants who trained 5 days per week. An overall improvement in MEP over the 4-week training period indicated a 33% increase when the data was collapsed across the 2 training groups. Conclusion: The effects occurring with respiratory muscle strength training in healthy young adults are likely to be different from those occurring in patient populations. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest exploring the variable of training frequency in patient populations. Such knowledge will be informative for designing clinical protocols that are effective and may result in improved treatment compliance for those suffering from expiratory muscle weakness. C1 [Anand, Supraja; El-Bashiti, Nour; Sapienza, Christine] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Sapienza, Christine] Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Anand, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM supraja.anand@ufl.edu FU Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FX This work was supported by the Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville. Additional appreciation is given to Dan Neal, Department of Bio-statistics, University of Florida, for his assistance with statistical analysis and interpretation. This study was approved by the institutional review board at the University of Florida (IRB No. 2009-U-1249). 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0048) PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700009 PM 22628108 ER PT J AU Duchan, JF AF Duchan, Judith Felson TI Historical and Cultural Influences on Establishing Professional Legitimacy: A Case Example From Lionel Logue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE professional history; professional legitimacy; history practices; stuttering ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SPEECH; PRINCIPLES; LANGUAGE; THERAPY AB Purpose: In the film The King's Speech, the credibility of the king's speech clinician, Lionel Logue, is challenged. This article examines Logue's credentials in light of the credentialing standards and attitudes of Logue's time as well as those affecting today's practices. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0122) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700010 PM 22564902 ER PT J AU Byiers, BJ Reichle, J Symons, FJ AF Byiers, Breanne J. Reichle, Joe Symons, Frank J. TI Single-Subject Experimental Design for Evidence-Based Practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE single-subject experimental designs; tutorial; research methods; evidence-based practice ID ALTERNATING TREATMENTS DESIGN; QUANTITATIVE SYNTHESIS; RANDOMIZATION TESTS; FLEXIBILITY; PERCENTAGE; CHILDREN; VALIDITY; AUTISM AB Purpose: Single-subject experimental designs (SSEDs) represent an important tool in the development and implementation of evidence-based practice in communication sciences and disorders. The purpose of this article is to review the strategies and tactics of SSEDs and their application in speech-language pathology research. Method: The authors discuss the requirements of each design, followed by advantages and disadvantages. The logic and methods for evaluating effects in SSED are reviewed as well as contemporary issues regarding data analysis with SSED data sets. Examples of challenges in executing SSEDs are included. Specific exemplars of how SSEDs have been used in speech-language pathology research are provided throughout. Conclusion: SSED studies provide a flexible alternative to traditional group designs in the development and identification of evidence-based practice in the field of communication sciences and disorders. C1 [Byiers, Breanne J.; Reichle, Joe; Symons, Frank J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Byiers, BJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 397 EP 414 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0036) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JY UT WOS:000314460700011 PM 23071200 ER PT J AU Nippold, MA AF Nippold, Marilyn A. TI Stuttering and Language Ability in Children: Questioning the Connection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering; language ability; children ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GRAMMATICAL COMPLEXITY; CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; NORMALLY FLUENT; MEAN LENGTH; DISORDERS; IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: This article explains why it is reasonable to question the view that stuttering and language ability in children are linked-the so-called "stuttering-language connection." Method: Studies that focused on syntactic, morphologic, and lexical development in children who stutter (CWS) are examined for evidence to support the following claims: (a) that CWS, as a group, are more likely to have disordered or weak language skills ("language deficits") than children who do not stutter (CWNS); (b) that language deficits play a causal role in the onset of stuttering; and (c) that stuttering, over time, restricts children's language development. Results: Analysis of the evidence suggests that CWS, like CWNS, show the full range of language abilities (high, average, low); that language deficits are not associated with stuttering onset or persistence; and that stuttering has little or no impact on language development. Conclusions: A connection between stuttering and language ability was not supported. An alternative perspective is that CWS have a compromised motor control system that makes it difficult for them to move forward in speech and that the tie to language lies not in a deficient linguistic system but in difficulty expressing the intended meaning via a fully functional speech system. C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Nippold, MA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0078) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JV UT WOS:000314460400002 PM 22442282 ER PT J AU van Rees, LJ Ballard, KJ McCabe, P Macdonald-D'Silva, AG Arciuli, J AF van Rees, Lauren J. Ballard, Kirrie J. McCabe, Patricia Macdonald-D'Silva, Anita G. Arciuli, Joanne TI Training Production of Lexical Stress in Typically Developing Children Using Orthographically Biased Stimuli and Principles of Motor Learning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prosody; lexical stress; stress assignment; speech production; learning ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD APRAXIA; WORD RECOGNITION; SPEECH; PROSODY; SPEAKERS; ENGLISH; ACCOUNT AB Purpose: Impaired lexical stress production characterizes multiple pediatric speech disorders. Effective remediation strategies are not available, and little is known about the normal process of learning to assign and produce lexical stress. This study examined whether typically developing (TD) children can be trained to produce lexical stress on bisyllabic pseudowords that are orthographically biased to a strong-weak or weak-strong pattern (e. g., MAMbey or beDOON), in combination with the principles of motor learning (PML). Method: Fourteen TD children ages 5; 0 (years; months) to 13; 0 were randomly assigned to a training or control group using concealed allocation within blocks. A pre- to post-training group design was used to examine the acquisition, retention, and generalization of lexical stress production. Results: The training group learned to produce appropriate lexical stress for the pseudowords with strong maintenance and generalization to related untrained stimuli. Accuracy of stress production did not change in the control group. Conclusion: TD children can learn to produce lexical stress patterns for orthographically biased pseudowords via explicit training methods. Findings have relevance for the study of languages other than English and for a range of prosodic disorders. C1 [van Rees, Lauren J.; Ballard, Kirrie J.; McCabe, Patricia; Macdonald-D'Silva, Anita G.; Arciuli, Joanne] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Ballard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM ballard@sydney.edu.au CR Adams SG, 2000, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V8, P215 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1997, GUID AUD SCREEN Arciuli J, 2006, Q J EXP PSYCHOL, V59, P920, DOI 10.1080/02724980443000782 Arciuli J, 2003, LANG SPEECH, V46, P353 Arciuli J, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P2638, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.010 Arciuli J, 2010, J MEM LANG, V63, P180, DOI 10.1016/j.jml.2010.03.005 Arciuli J, 2004, MEM COGNITION, V32, P21, DOI 10.3758/BF03195817 Ballard KJ, 2010, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V53, P1227, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0130) Ballard KJ, 2000, APHASIOLOGY, V14, P969 Beasley TM, 2002, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V37, P197, DOI 10.1207/S15327906MBR3702_02 Cutler A., 1987, Computer Speech and Language, V2, DOI 10.1016/0885-2308(87)90004-0 Cooper N, 2002, LANG SPEECH, V45, P207 Crystal D., 2009, INT J SPEECH LANGUAG, V11, P257 Davis BL, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P1258, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00227 Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Dunn L. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0008) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JV UT WOS:000314460400003 PM 22411774 ER PT J AU Byun, TM Hitchcock, ER AF Byun, Tara McAllister Hitchcock, Elaine R. TI Investigating the Use of Traditional and Spectral Biofeedback Approaches to Intervention for /r/ Misarticulation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE articulation disorders; residual speech errors; biofeedback; speech sound disorders; intervention ID ENGLISH VERTICAL-BAR; PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; VISUAL FEEDBACK; SCHEMA THEORY; CHILDREN; CONSONANTS; ULTRASOUND; YOUNG; TASK AB Purpose: Misarticulation of /r/ is among the most challenging developmental speech errors to remediate. Case studies suggest that visual biofeedback treatment can establish perceptually accurate /r/ in clients who have not responded to traditional treatments. This investigation studied the response of children with persistent /r/ misarticulation to a course of traditional treatment and a course of biofeedback treatment. Method: Eleven children with /r/ misarticulation completed 10 weeks of individual treatment consisting of 4-6 weeks of traditional treatment followed by 4-6 weeks of biofeedback treatment. Progress was measured by tracking correct /r/ productions within treatment and probing /r/ in words at 3 time points. Results: At the group level, there was no difference in independent judges' ratings of /r/ sounds produced by the children before and after traditional treatment. However, /r/ sounds produced after biofeedback treatment were significantly more likely to be rated by the judges as perceptually correct. Eight of the 11 children made measurable gains in the accuracy of isolated /r/ produced within treatment, with 4 showing significant generalization to untreated /r/ in words. Conclusion: This descriptive study shows that treatment incorporating spectral biofeedback can facilitate accurate /r/ production in children with treatment-resistant errors. A follow-up period using traditional intervention methods may be necessary to encourage generalization. C1 [Byun, Tara McAllister; Hitchcock, Elaine R.] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ USA. RP Byun, TM (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM tara.byun@nyu.edu FU American Speech-Language Hearing Foundation Research Grant for New Investigators FX This research was supported by an American Speech-Language Hearing Foundation Research Grant for New Investigators to Tara McAllister Byun. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the following individuals: for statistical consultation, Haiyan Su; for clinical support, Sarah Granquist; for stimulus rating, Meghan Hemmer, Lacy MacDonald, Amanda Moorehead, Rose Papera, and Beth Rhein; for data collection and analysis, Elizabeth Varall and Elina Izbinsky; and for insightful comments on the study design and/or manuscript, Joseph Attanasio and Dennis Ruscello. We also thank our participants and their families for their cooperation throughout the study. CR Adler-Bock M, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P128, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/017) Baayen R. Harald, 2008, ANAL LINGUISTIC DATA Bernhardt B. 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Jacks, Adam TI Script Training and Generalization for People With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; script training; generalization; self-cuing; videoconferencing ID SPEECH; FLUENCY; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS; APRAXIA; ADULTS AB Purpose: To examine the effects and generalization of a modified script training intervention, delivered partly via videoconferencing, on dialogue scripts that were produced by 2 individuals with aphasia. Method: Each participant was trained on 2 personally relevant scripts. Intervention sessions occurred 3 times per week, with a combination of in-person meetings and videoconferencing, and lasted for 3 weeks per script. This study followed a multiple baseline design across scripts. Measures of accuracy, grammatical productivity, speaking rate, and articulatory fluency were obtained during baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases. Generalization probes were administered by challenging participants to engage in a conversation about their script topic with conversation partners who did not follow the script. Results: Both participants showed improvement on all dependent variables for both scripts during and after the intervention phase. Generalization samples showed improved grammatical morpheme use and increased rate of speech over prebaseline samples. Conclusion: There is evidence that script training intervention can improve accuracy, grammatical productivity, speaking rate, and articulatory fluency in script production tasks as well as in more functional conversational tasks. Videoconferencing is a viable method of conducting script training intervention when it is supported by face-to-face intervention sessions, slight modifications to the procedure, and an emphasis on self-cuing skills. C1 [Goldberg, Samantha; Haley, Katarina L.; Jacks, Adam] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Haley, KL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 222 EP 238 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0056) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JV UT WOS:000314460400005 PM 22442283 ER PT J AU Maas, E Butalla, CE Farinella, KA AF Maas, Edwin Butalla, Christine E. Farinella, Kimberly A. TI Feedback Frequency in Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE childhood apraxia of speech; treatment; motor learning; feedback; speech disorders ID DEVELOPMENTAL APRAXIA; REDUCED FREQUENCY; SCHEMA THEORY; CHILDREN; KNOWLEDGE; DISORDERS; PERCEPTION; PRINCIPLES; PERSPECTIVES; ACQUISITION AB Purpose: To examine the role of feedback frequency in treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Reducing the frequency of feedback enhances motor learning, and recently, such feedback frequency reductions have been recommended for the treatment of CAS. However, no published studies have explicitly compared different feedback frequencies in this population. Method: Using an alternating treatments single-subject design with multiple baselines across behaviors, retention and transfer of learning were compared following high-frequency feedback and low-frequency feedback in 4 children with CAS. Feedback frequency was manipulated in the context of an integral stimulation treatment. Changes in perceptual accuracy were quantified with effect sizes and were compared across conditions. Results: Findings were mixed, with 2 children showing an advantage for low-frequency feedback, 1 child showing a small advantage for high-frequency feedback, and 1 child showing no clear improvement in either condition. Conclusion: These findings suggest that reducing the frequency of feedback may be beneficial for some children with CAS, although this may vary with the child's age or severity of apraxia. Caution is warranted in extrapolating from the nonspeech motor learning literature to speech treatment for CAS. Finally, this study contributes another replication to the literature on the efficacy of integral stimulation treatment for children with CAS. C1 [Maas, Edwin; Butalla, Christine E.; Farinella, Kimberly A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Butalla, Christine E.] Panacea Therapeut, Tucson, AZ USA. [Farinella, Kimberly A.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Maas, E (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM emaas@arizona.edu FU Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America (CASANA) FX This research was supported in part by a generous grant from the Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America (CASANA). The authors also wish to thank Cass Faux, Lydia Garcia, and Becky Vance for their assistance in identifying potential participants; Jenna Beltrami for assistance in treatment delivery; Lawrence Andrade, Ashley Davis, Krista Durr, Kelly Gallardo, and Amanda Lopez for their assistance with data analysis; and of course, the children and their parents who participated in this study. Portions of these data were presented at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convention (Philadelphia, PA, 2010), the National Conference on Childhood Apraxia of Speech (Pittsburgh, PA, 2010), and the Arizona Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convention (Phoenix, AZ, 2011); portions of these data were also part of Christine Butalla's master's thesis at the University of Arizona. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 239 EP 257 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0119) PG 19 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JV UT WOS:000314460400006 PM 22442284 ER PT J AU Troche, J Troche, MS Berkowitz, R Grossman, M Reilly, J AF Troche, Joshua Troche, Michelle S. Berkowitz, Rebecca Grossman, Murray Reilly, Jamie TI Tone Discrimination as a Window Into Acoustic Perceptual Deficits in Parkinson's Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; speech perception; auditory perception; tone detection; frontal lobe ID CORTICAL EVOKED-POTENTIALS; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; BASAL GANGLIA; OLDER-ADULTS; FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY; NONSPEECH SOUNDS; TIME-ESTIMATION; SPEECH; HEARING; LISTENERS AB Purpose: Deficits in auditory perception compromise a range of linguistic processes in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), including speech perception and sensitivity to affective and linguistic prosody. An unanswered question is whether this deficit exists not only at the level of speech perception, but also at a more pervasive level of auditory perception. It is possible that PD produces a selective impairment in the perception of a salient acoustic feature such as frequency, amplitude, or duration. Method: Auditory perception in persons with PD was investigated using a tone discrimination task where clients (N = 12) and age-matched controls (N = 15) made same/different judgments for pairs of pure tones that were factorially varied by acoustic feature (i.e., frequency, amplitude, or duration) crossed with perceptual distance (i.e., close vs. far). Results: Relative to healthy age-matched controls, persons with PD showed marked impairment in tone discrimination. Persons with PD showed an acoustic feature by perceptual distance interaction that was characterized by deficits in detecting frequency and amplitude differences for perceptually near tones. Conclusion: These results suggest that persons with PD show a reduced ability to notice change in frequency and amplitude as compared to normal older adults. More generally, these findings implicate a frontal-striatal contribution to auditory perception. C1 [Troche, Joshua; Troche, Michelle S.; Reilly, Jamie] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Berkowitz, Rebecca] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Grossman, Murray] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Troche, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jetgator@ufl.edu RI Troche, Michelle/C-5205-2014 OI Troche, Michelle/0000-0001-8723-5176 FU U.S. Public Health Service [K23 DC010197, NS53488, AG15116, NS44266, AG17586] FX This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grants K23 DC010197 (JR) and NS53488, AG15116, NS44266, and AG17586 (MG). 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0007) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 083JV UT WOS:000314460400007 PM 22442285 ER PT J AU Kim, IS LaPointe, LL Stierwalt, JAG AF Kim, In-sop LaPointe, Leonard L. Stierwalt, Julie A. G. TI The Effect of Feedback and Practice on the Acquisition of Novel Speech Behaviors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE motor learning; novel speech behaviors; reduced feedback; retention ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; GENERALIZED MOTOR PROGRAM; WORKING-MEMORY; TREATMENT GUIDELINES; GUIDANCE HYPOTHESIS; PHONOLOGICAL MEMORY; RELATIVE FREQUENCY; SKILL ACQUISITION; PROCEDURAL MEMORY; ACQUIRED APRAXIA AB Purpose: This study examined the effect of manipulating several parameters of motor learning theory on participants' phonetic acquisition and retention of utterances in a foreign language (Korean). Method: Thirty-two native English-speaking participants naive to the Korean language were each given 10 Korean sentences to practice and learn. The independent variables in the study were the number of practice trials and the feedback schedule. The participants listened to sentences delivered by a native speaker and received feedback according to the schedule. Participant responses were then judged by a panel of native Korean speakers in terms of their intelligibility, naturalness, and precision. Results: The combination of 20% feedback and 100 practice trials was more effective than other combinations of feedback and practice trial schedule for the retention of novel phonetic productions of Korean phrases both 1 day after training and 1 week later. Conclusions: These findings are in agreement with previously reported applications of motor learning-guided principles on the acquisition of motoric skills. These findings may have direct implications for both second-language learning and the treatment of neuromotor speech disorders such as apraxia of speech. C1 [Kim, In-sop] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [LaPointe, Leonard L.; Stierwalt, Julie A. G.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kim, IS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/09-0082) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900015 PM 22230183 ER PT J AU Rost, GC McGregor, KK AF Rost, Gwyneth C. McGregor, Karla K. TI Miranda Rights Comprehension in Young Adults With Specific Language Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE specific language impairment; language comprehension; Miranda rights ID FOLLOW-UP; PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; SOCIAL OUTCOMES; WARNINGS; DIFFICULTIES; ADOLESCENTS; DEFENDANTS; DISORDERS; HISTORY AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether citizens with language impairment understand legal rights as conveyed in Miranda warnings. Method: Grisso's Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Miranda Rights (1998) was administered to 34 young adults, half of whom met the diagnostic criteria for specific language impairment (SLI). A correlational analysis of the relationship between language scores and Miranda rights comprehension was conducted, as were tests of differences between individuals with SLI (n = 17) and individuals without SLI. Results: Language ability was positively correlated with overall performance on the Miranda measure. As a group, individuals with SLI were significantly poorer than their peers with normal language at defining Miranda vocabulary and applying Miranda rights in hypothetical situations. The group with SLI was also marginally less able to paraphrase Miranda sentences. Conclusion: Language impairment limits comprehension of Miranda warnings. As a result, citizens with language impairment are at risk of being denied their constitutional rights. C1 [Rost, Gwyneth C.; McGregor, Karla K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Rost, GC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM grost@comdis.umass.edu FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [122270001] FX The authors would like to thank Mark Harris, Director of Students Disability Services at the University of Iowa, and Nichole Eden for assistance with participant recruitment. We also acknowledge Jessica J. Johnson for transcription and coding and Melissa Duff for her comments on an early draft. This work was funded in part by National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders 122270001 to K. K. McGregor. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0094) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900016 PM 22230180 ER PT J AU Gorman, BK AF Gorman, Brenda K. TI Relationships Between Vocabulary Size, Working Memory, and Phonological Awareness in Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phonological awareness; vocabulary; working memory; English language learners; Spanish ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; SPOKEN WORD RECOGNITION; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; NONWORD REPETITION; NEIGHBORHOOD DENSITY; READING ACQUISITION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BILINGUAL-CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: The goals of this study were to evaluate the impact of short-term phonological awareness (PA) instruction presented in children's first language (L1; Spanish) on gains in their L1 and second language (L2; English) and to determine whether relationships exist between vocabulary size, verbal working memory, and PA in Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs). Method: Participants included 25 kindergartners who received PA instruction and 10 controls. A 2-way within-subjects repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to evaluate gains. Relationships between PA gains, Spanish and English vocabulary, and memory, as measured using nonword repetition and experimental working memory tasks, were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Results: Results indicated significant and equivalent gains in both languages of children in the experimental group and no gains in the control group. Spanish vocabulary size was significantly related to PA gains in both languages and was more strongly related to English gains than was English vocabulary size. The memory tasks predicted gains in each language in distinct ways. Conclusion: Results support the conclusion that PA instruction and strong vocabulary skills in an individual's L1 benefit PA development in both the L1 and L2. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0063) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900017 PM 22230176 ER PT J AU Munson, B Johnson, JM Edwards, J AF Munson, Benjamin Johnson, Julie M. Edwards, Jan TI The Role of Experience in the Perception of Phonetic Detail in Children's Speech: A Comparison Between Speech-Language Pathologists and Clinically Untrained Listeners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech perception; clinical training; phonological development ID VOICELESS SIBILANT FRICATIVES; COVERT CONTRAST; CROSS-LANGUAGE; ONSET TIME; ENGLISH; JAPANESE AB Purpose: This study examined whether experienced speech-language pathologists (SLPs) differ from inexperienced people in their perception of phonetic detail in children's speech. Method: Twenty-one experienced SLPs and 21 inexperienced listeners participated in a series of tasks in which they used a visual-analog scale (VAS) to rate children's natural productions of target /s/-/theta/, /t/-/k/, and /d/-/g/ in word-initial position. Listeners rated the perceived distance between individual productions and ideal productions. Results: The experienced listeners' ratings differed from the inexperienced listeners' ratings in four ways: They had higher intrarater reliability, showed less bias toward a more frequent sound, and were more closely related to the acoustic characteristics of the children's speech. In addition, the experienced listeners' responses were related to a different set of predictor variables. Conclusion: Results suggest that experience working as an SLP leads to better perception of phonetic detail in children's speech. Limitations and future research are discussed. C1 [Munson, Benjamin; Johnson, Julie M.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. [Edwards, Jan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Munson, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. EM Munso005@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation [BCS0729277, BCS0729140]; National Institutes of Health [R01 DC02932]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P30HD03352] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant BCS0729277 to Benjamin Munson, by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DC02932 and National Science Foundation Grant BCS0729140 to Jan Edwards, and in part by a core grant (P30HD03352) to the Waisman Center from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 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M., 2000, PAPERS LAB PHONOLOGY, P194 SMIT AB, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V55, P779 Stewart ME, 2008, COGNITION, V109, P157, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.07.010 Stoel-Gammon C, 2001, TOP LANG DISORD, V21, P12 TYLER AA, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P746 Urberg-Carlson K, 2009, J ACOUST SOC AM, V125, P25 Wolfe V, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P221, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/068) Yu ACL, 2010, PLOS ONE, V5, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011950 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 124 EP 139 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/11-0009) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900018 PM 22230182 ER PT J AU Wagovich, SA Pak, Y Miller, MD AF Wagovich, Stacy A. Pak, Youngju Miller, Margaret D. TI Orthographic Word Knowledge Growth in School-Age Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE orthographic word knowledge; partial word knowledge; school-age; reading; vocabulary ID SELF-TEACHING HYPOTHESIS; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; PHONOLOGICAL CODES; SIMILARITY NEIGHBORHOODS; VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION; READING-COMPREHENSION; MEANINGS; ACQUISITION; CONTEXT; REPRESENTATIONS AB Purpose: Natural reading experiences provide an opportunity for the development of orthographic word knowledge as well as other forms of partial word knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the orthographic word knowledge growth of school-age children with relatively low language skills (LL group) to that of age- and gender-matched peers with high language skills (HL group). Method: Thirty-two children, 16 per group, read stories containing rare words 3 times, 2-3 days apart. Posttesting, completed at the end of each session, required participants to indicate recognition of the rare words encountered in the stories while not indicating recognition of orthographically similar nonwords. Results: Over time, both groups showed significant growth in recognition of the orthographic forms of the rare words. However, the groups differed in the extent to which they indicated that the orthographically similar nonwords were words, with the LL group indicating that significantly more of the nonwords were words. Conclusion: Results provide some preliminary evidence that children with relatively weaker language skills are able to develop orthographic knowledge of unfamiliar words through reading experiences, but their orthographic representations may not be as well defined as those of children with stronger language skills. C1 [Wagovich, Stacy A.; Pak, Youngju; Miller, Margaret D.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Wagovich, SA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wagovichs@health.missouri.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R03DC006827-01A1] FX This work was funded by Grant R03DC006827-01A1 awarded to the first author by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following students and former students: Kristin Lamvik, Chesney Moore, Christine Gray, Jessica Colwell, and Rose Aiazzi. CR Adams M. J, 2001, BEGINNING READ THINK Alt M, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P941, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/068) Alt M, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P407, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/033) Anglin J. M., 1993, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V58 Apel K, 2006, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V29, P21, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2901_3 Apel K, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P182, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/017) Bishop D. V. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 140 EP 153 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/10-0032) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900019 PM 22411772 ER PT J AU Nagle, KF Eadie, TL Wright, DR Sumida, YA AF Nagle, Kathy F. Eadie, Tanya L. Wright, Derek R. Sumida, Yumi A. TI Effect of Fundamental Frequency on Judgments of Electrolaryngeal Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrolarynx; speech acceptability; gender; speech intelligibility ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; VOICE QUALITY; ESOPHAGEAL SPEECH; TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL SPEECH; ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS; FORMANT FREQUENCIES; ALARYNGEAL SPEAKERS; PERCEPTUAL RATINGS; FUTURE-RESEARCH; SENTENCE LEVEL AB Purpose: To determine (a) the effect of fundamental frequency (f(0)) on speech intelligibility, acceptability, and perceived gender in electrolaryngeal (EL) speakers, and (b) the effect of known gender on speech acceptability in EL speakers. Method: A 2-part study was conducted. In Part 1, 34 healthy adults provided speech recordings using electrolarynges set at 75 Hz, 130 Hz, and 175 Hz, and 36 listeners transcribed the recordings. In Part 2, 22 speech samples were presented to 16 listeners. First, listeners identified the gender of each speaker and judged his or her speech acceptability using rating scales. Second, listeners judged the same samples for speech acceptability when gender information was provided. Results: In Part 1, speakers were significantly more intelligible when using 75-Hz devices. In Part 2, the f(0) of the speech signal significantly impacted listeners' accuracy in perceiving the speaker's gender: In gender-incongruent conditions (males using 175-Hz devices, females using 75-Hz devices), listeners were unable to identify female speakers. Speech acceptability judgments were directly related to intelligibility. Finally, listeners differentially penalized female speakers who used 75-Hz devices when gender information was known. Conclusion: Low f(0) facilitated speech intelligibility. However, at low f(0), listeners were unable to identify females as female, and females were differentially penalized for speech acceptability. 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M., 1984, ASSESSMENT INTELLIGI ZUE V, 1990, SPEECH COMMUN, V9, P351, DOI 10.1016/0167-6393(90)90010-7 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 154 EP 166 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0050) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900020 PM 22355005 ER PT J AU Mayer, JF Bishop, LA Murray, LL AF Mayer, Jamie F. Bishop, Lilli A. Murray, Laura L. TI The Feasibility of a Structured Cognitive Training Protocol to Address Progressive Cognitive Decline in Individuals With Vascular Dementia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attention; degenerative brain disease; treatment ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; EVALUATING TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; HEALTHY OLDER-ADULTS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; MILD APHASIA; REHABILITATION PROGRAM; ATTENTION DEFICITS; TREATING ATTENTION; READING IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, better known as CADASIL, is a rare, genetic form of early-onset vascular dementia. The purpose of this study was to use a modified version of Attention Process Training-II (APT-II; Sohlberg, Johnson, Paule, Raskin, & Mateer, 2001) with an individual with early-stage CADASIL. Method: APT-II, modified to include strategy training, was applied in an A-B, multiple-probe design for an individual who had been diagnosed with early-stage CADASIL. Outcome measures included pre-post neuropsychological testing of attention, memory, and executive function; within-treatment probes of visual and auditory attention; and a measure of subjective experience of cognitive functioning in daily living. Results: The participant demonstrated nominal gains on visual and auditory attention probes but improved performance on several posttreatment measures of processing speed and executive function. The participant also reported substantially improved functional outcomes following the intervention protocol. Conclusion: This case illustrates the potential utility of behavioral intervention for individuals with CADASIL and highlights issues for speech-language pathologists to consider when using structured cognitive training protocols in the setting of progressive cognitive decline. These data suggest that further controlled studies for treating this population are warranted. C1 [Mayer, Jamie F.; Bishop, Lilli A.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Murray, Laura L.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Mayer, JF (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0066) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900021 PM 22355006 ER PT J AU DeDe, G AF DeDe, Gayle TI Effects of Word Frequency and Modality on Sentence Comprehension Impairments in People With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; word frequency; sentence comprehension; auditory comprehension; reading comprehension ID AGE-OF-ACQUISITION; BROCAS-APHASIA; LEXICAL DECISION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; AGRAMMATIC COMPREHENSION; LISTENING COMPREHENSION; WORKING-MEMORY; STROKE APHASIA; ACCESS AB Purpose: It is well known that people with aphasia have sentence comprehension impairments. The present study investigated whether lexical factors contribute to sentence comprehension impairments in both the auditory and written modalities using online measures of sentence processing. Method: People with aphasia and non brain-damaged controls participated in the experiment (n = 8 per group). Twenty-one sentence pairs containing high- and low-frequency words were presented in self-paced listening and reading tasks. The sentences were syntactically simple and differed only in the critical words. The dependent variables were response times for critical segments of the sentence and accuracy on the comprehension questions. Results: The results showed that word frequency influences performance on measures of sentence comprehension in people with aphasia. The accuracy data on the comprehension questions suggested that people with aphasia have more difficulty understanding sentences containing low-frequency words in the written compared to auditory modality. Both group and single-case analyses of the response time data also indicated that people with aphasia experience more difficulty with reading than listening. Conclusion: Sentence comprehension in people with aphasia is influenced by word frequency and presentation modality. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP DeDe, G (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM gdede@arizona.edu FU American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [K23DC010808] FX I would like to thank all of the participants for their assistance with this study and the members of the Speech, Language, and Brain Lab for their help with data collection. This project was supported by a New Investigators grant from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation and Grant K23DC010808 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S103 EP S114 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0082) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900007 PM 22294411 ER PT J AU Ferguson, NF Evans, K Raymer, AM AF Ferguson, Neina F. Evans, Kelli Raymer, Anastasia M. TI A Comparison of Intention and Pantomime Gesture Treatment for Noun Retrieval in People With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; gestural communication; treatment ID SEMANTIC-PHONOLOGICAL TREATMENTS; VERB RETRIEVAL AB Purpose: The effects of intention gesture treatment (IGT) and pantomime gesture treatment (PGT) on word retrieval were compared in people with aphasia. Method: Four individuals with aphasia and word retrieval impairments subsequent to left-hemisphere stroke participated in a single-participant crossover treatment design. Each participant viewed target nouns on a computer screen in 2 counterbalanced training phases. Training included paired verbal + gesture treatment strategies to elicit verbal and/or gestural productions of target nouns. Treatment effects were measured using daily picture-naming probes for verbal naming and gesture productions for trained and untrained words as well as pre-/posttreatment standardized aphasia tests. Outcomes and Results: IGT resulted in immediate effects on the verbal productions of 2 participants but lacked carryover to untrained words. PGT resulted in improved verbal production for 2 participants and immediate effects on the gesture productions of 3 participants, with carryover of gesture production to untrained words in 1 participant. Improvements on standardized aphasia tests were evident in 2 participants. Conclusion: IGT and PGT had positive treatment effects, but for contrasting communication modalities. 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P., 1978, HDB SEMANTIC WORD NO NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S126 EP S139 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900009 PM 22294410 ER PT J AU Ferrill, M Love, T Walenski, M Shapiro, LP AF Ferrill, Michelle Love, Tracy Walenski, Matthew Shapiro, Lewis P. TI The Time-Course of Lexical Activation During Sentence Comprehension in People With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; syntax; slow rise-time; rate of speech; online; priming; sentence processing; neurolinguistics ID LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; WH-QUESTIONS; BROCAS; INTEGRATION; ACCESS; DEPENDENCIES; INFORMATION; CONTEXT AB Purpose: To investigate the time-course of processing of lexical items in auditorily presented canonical (subject-verb-object) constructions in young, neurologically unimpaired control participants and participants with left-hemisphere damage and agrammatic aphasia. Method: A cross modal picture priming (CMPP) paradigm was used to test 114 control participants and 8 participants with agrammatic aphasia for priming of a lexical item (direct object noun) immediately after it is initially encountered in the ongoing auditory stream and at 3 additional time points at 400-ms intervals. Results: The control participants demonstrated immediate activation of the lexical item, followed by a rapid loss (decay). The participants with aphasia demonstrated delayed activation of the lexical item. Conclusion: This evidence supports the hypothesis of a delay in lexical activation in people with agrammatic aphasia. The delay in lexical activation feeds syntactic processing too slowly, contributing to comprehension deficits in people with agrammatic aphasia. C1 [Ferrill, Michelle; Love, Tracy; Walenski, Matthew; Shapiro, Lewis P.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Ferrill, Michelle; Love, Tracy; Walenski, Matthew] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Love, T (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM tlove@mail.sdsu.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [DC009272, DC000494, T32DC007361]; National Institutes of Health FX The work reported in this paper was supported by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grants DC009272 and DC000494, as well as T32DC007361; we thank the National Institutes of Health for their continuing support. We also thank our research assistants and our participants and their families for their time. CR Avrutin Sergey, 2006, BROCAS REGION, P49 Baayen R. H., 2004, MENTAL LEXICON WORKI, V1, P1 Baayen R. Harald, 2008, ANAL LINGUISTIC DATA Blumstein S. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S179 EP S189 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0109) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900013 PM 22355007 ER PT J AU Hula, WD Fergadiotis, G Martin, N AF Hula, William D. Fergadiotis, Gerasimos Martin, Nadine TI Model Choice and Sample Size in Item Response Theory Analysis of Aphasia Tests SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; psychometrics; assessment ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; RASCH MODEL; MONTE-CARLO; ABILITY; REHABILITATION; VALIDITY; OUTCOMES; CURVES; LIKERT AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the most appropriate item response theory (IRT) measurement model for aphasia tests requiring 2-choice responses and to determine whether small samples are adequate for estimating such models. Method: Pyramids and Palm Trees (Howard & Patterson, 1992) test data that had been collected from individuals with aphasia were analyzed, and the resulting item and person estimates were used to develop simulated test data for 3 sample size conditions. The simulated data were analyzed using a standard 1-parameter logistic (1-PL) model and 3 models that accounted for the influence of guessing: augmented 1-PL and 2-PL models and a 3-PL model. The model estimates obtained from the simulated data were compared to their known true values. Results: With small and medium sample sizes, an augmented 1-PL model was the most accurate at recovering the known item and person parameters; however, no model performed well at any sample size. Follow-up simulations confirmed that the large influence of guessing and the extreme easiness of the items contributed substantially to the poor estimation of item difficulty and person ability. Conclusion: Incorporating the assumption of guessing into IRT models improves parameter estimation accuracy, even for small samples. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting scores obtained from easy 2-choice tests, regardless of whether IRT modeling or percentage correct scoring is used. C1 [Hula, William D.] VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Hula, William D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Fergadiotis, Gerasimos] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Martin, Nadine] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Hula, WD (reprint author), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM william.hula@va.gov FU Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Career Development Award [C7476W]; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center; National Institutes of Health (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders) [DC01924-15] FX This research was supported by Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Career Development Award C7476W, the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, and Grant DC01924-15 from the National Institutes of Health (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders) to Temple University (PI N. Martin). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance of Heather Harris Wright and Michelene Kalinyak-Fliszar. The contents of this paper do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Government. CR Andres Patricia L, 2004, Top Stroke Rehabil, V11, P33 Barnes L. L. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S38 EP S50 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/11-0090) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900003 PM 22230175 ER PT J AU Kiran, S Caplan, D Sandberg, C Levy, J Berardino, A Ascenso, E Villard, S Tripodis, Y AF Kiran, Swathi Caplan, David Sandberg, Chaleece Levy, Joshua Berardino, Alex Ascenso, Elsa Villard, Sarah Tripodis, Yorghos TI Development of a Theoretically Based Treatment for Sentence Comprehension Deficits in Individuals With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rehabilitation; aphasia; sentence comprehension; treatment ID AGRAMMATIC APHASIA; SYNTACTIC COMPREHENSION; PROCESSING DEFICITS; MOVEMENT STRUCTURES; COMPLEXITY; DISORDERS; LANGUAGE; THERAPY; DETERMINANTS; ASSIGNMENT AB Purpose: Two new treatments, 1 based on sentence to picture matching (SPM) and the other on object manipulation (OM), that train participants on the thematic roles of sentences using pictures or by manipulating objects were piloted. Method: Using a single-subject multiple-baseline design, sentence comprehension was trained on the affected sentence type in 1 task-related protocol in 15 participants with aphasia. The 2 tasks were SPM and OM; the treatment stimuli were object relatives, object clefts, passives, and unaccusatives, as well as two control structures-object relatives with a complex noun phrase (NP) and active sentences with three NPs. Results: The criteria for efficacious treatment was an increase in the level of performance from the pretreatment probes to the posttreatment probes for the treated structure such that accuracy rose from at or below chance to above chance and either (a) accuracy rose by 33% or (b) the effect size was 2.6. Based on these criteria, the success rate for training the target structure was 2/6 participants in the SPM condition and 4/7 participants in the OM condition. Conclusion: The outcome of this study illustrates the utility of this theoretically motivated and efficacious treatment for sentence comprehension deficits in individuals with aphasia. C1 [Kiran, Swathi; Caplan, David; Sandberg, Chaleece; Levy, Joshua; Berardino, Alex; Ascenso, Elsa; Villard, Sarah; Tripodis, Yorghos] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Caplan, David; Levy, Joshua] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kiran, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM kirans@bu.edu RI Kiran, S/B-1892-2013 FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [1R21DC010461-01] FX This project was funded by Grant 1R21DC010461-01 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. The authors thank Marissa Simms, Rebecca Hufford, and Balaji Rangarathnam for their assistance in data collection and Jennifer Richardson for her assistance in data analysis. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S88 EP S102 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0106) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900006 PM 22411773 ER PT J AU Kurland, J Pulvermuller, F Silva, N Burke, K Andrianopoulos, M AF Kurland, Jacquie Pulvermueller, Friedemann Silva, Nicole Burke, Katherine Andrianopoulos, Mary TI Constrained Versus Unconstrained Intensive Language Therapy in Two Individuals With Chronic, Moderate-to-Severe Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech: Behavioral and fMRI Outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; apraxia of speech; neuroplasticity; intensive language therapy; constraint-induced aphasia therapy; fMRI ID CHRONIC NONFLUENT APHASIA; POSTSTROKE APHASIA; TRAINING SUCCESS; ANOMIA TREATMENT; NAMING THERAPY; WORD RETRIEVAL; WHITE-MATTER; RECOVERY; STROKE; BRAIN AB Purpose: This Phase I study investigated behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) outcomes of 2 intensive treatment programs to improve naming in 2 participants with chronic moderate-to-severe aphasia with comorbid apraxia of speech (AOS). Constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT; Pulvermuller et al., 2001) has demonstrated positive outcomes in some individuals with chronic aphasia. Whether constraint to the speech modality or treatment intensity is responsible for such gains is still under investigation. Moreover, it remains to be seen whether CIAT is effective in individuals with persistent severe nonfluent speech and/or AOS. Method: A single-subject multiple-baseline approach was used. Both participants were treated simultaneously, first with Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness (PACE; Davis & Wilcox, 1985) and then with CIAT. Pre-/posttreatment testing included an overt naming fMRI protocol. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for changes in probe accuracy from baseline to posttreatment phases and maintenance where available. Results: Both participants made more and faster gains in naming following CIAT. Treatment-induced changes in BOLD activation suggested that better naming was correlated with the recruitment of perilesional tissue. Conclusion: Participants produced more target words accurately following CIAT than following PACE. Behavioral and fMRI results support the notion that the intense and repetitive nature of obligatory speech production in CIAT has a positive effect on word retrieval, even in participants with chronic moderate-to-severe aphasia with comorbid AOS. C1 [Kurland, Jacquie; Silva, Nicole; Burke, Katherine; Andrianopoulos, Mary] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA. [Pulvermueller, Friedemann] Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany. RP Kurland, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA. EM jkurland@comdis.umass.edu FU University of Massachusetts Amherst FX This work was supported by a Faculty Research/Healey Endowment Grant from the University of Massachusetts Amherst to the PI (JK). 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S65 EP S87 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0113) PG 23 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900005 PM 22294409 ER PT J AU Le, K Coelho, C Mozeiko, J Krueger, F Grafman, J AF Le, Karen Coelho, Carl Mozeiko, Jennifer Krueger, Frank Grafman, Jordan TI Predicting Story Goodness Performance From Cognitive Measures Following Traumatic Brain Injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE discourse analysis; cognition; brain injury; narratives; executive function ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; WORKING-MEMORY; DISCOURSE; NARRATIVES; CHILDREN; ADULTS; REPRESENTATIONS; INFORMATION; ABILITIES; ATTENTION AB Purpose: This study examined the prediction of performance on measures of the Story Goodness Index (SGI; Le, Coelho, Mozeiko, & Grafman, 2011) from executive function (EF) and memory measures following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that EF and memory measures would significantly predict SGI outcomes. Method: One hundred sixty-seven individuals with TBI participated in the study. Story retellings were analyzed using the SGI protocol. Three cognitive measures-Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001) Sorting Test, Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III; Wechsler, 1997) Working Memory Primary Index (WMI), and WMS-III Immediate Memory Primary Index (IMI)-were entered into a multiple linear regression model for each discourse measure. Two sets of regression analyses were performed, the first with the Sorting Test as the first predictor and the second with it as the last. Results: The first set of regression analyses identified the Sorting Test and IMI as the only significant predictors of performance on measures of the SGI. The second set identified all measures as significant predictors when evaluating each step of the regression function. Conclusion: The cognitive variables predicted performance on the SGI measures, although there were differences in the amount of explained variance. The results (a) suggest that storytelling ability draws on a number of underlying skills and (b) underscore the importance of using discrete cognitive tasks rather than broad cognitive indices to investigate the cognitive substrates of discourse. C1 [Grafman, Jordan] Kessler Fdn Res Ctr, W Orange, NJ USA. [Krueger, Frank] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Le, Karen; Coelho, Carl; Mozeiko, Jennifer] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. RP Grafman, J (reprint author), Kessler Fdn Res Ctr, W Orange, NJ USA. EM jgrafman@kesslerfoundation.org CR Baddeley A, 2000, TRENDS COGN SCI, V4, P417, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2 Baddeley A. D., 1986, WORKING MEMORY Baddeley A. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S115 EP S125 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0114) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900008 PM 22294408 ER PT J AU Levy, J Hoover, E Waters, G Kiran, S Caplan, D Berardino, A Sandberg, C AF Levy, Joshua Hoover, Elizabeth Waters, Gloria Kiran, Swathi Caplan, David Berardino, Alex Sandberg, Chaleece TI Effects of Syntactic Complexity, Semantic Reversibility, and Explicitness on Discourse Comprehension in Persons With Aphasia and in Healthy Controls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; discourse analysis; syntax; functional communication assessment ID LANGUAGE AB Purpose: Prior studies of discourse comprehension have concluded that the deficits of persons with aphasia (PWA) in syntactically based comprehension of sentences in isolation are not predictive of deficits in comprehension of sentences in discourse (Brookshire & Nicholas, 1984; Caplan & Evans, 1990). However, these studies used semantically constrained sentences in discourse, which do not require syntactic analysis to be understood. A discourse task was developed to assess the effect of syntactic complexity, among other factors, on discourse comprehension in PWA. Method: Thirty-eight PWA and 30 neurologically healthy control participants were presented with passages that contained 2-3 semantically reversible sentences that were either syntactically simple or syntactically complex. The passages were presented auditorily, and comprehension was assessed with the auditory and written presentation of 4 multiple-choice questions immediately following each passage. Results: Passages with syntactically simple sentences were better understood than passages with syntactically complex sentences. Moreover, semantically constrained sentences were more likely to be accurately interpreted than semantically reversible sentences. Comprehension accuracy on our test correlated positively with comprehension accuracy on an existing test. Conclusion: The presence of semantically reversible, syntactically complex sentences in a passage affects comprehension of the passage in both PWA and neurologically healthy individuals. C1 [Levy, Joshua; Hoover, Elizabeth; Waters, Gloria; Kiran, Swathi; Caplan, David; Berardino, Alex; Sandberg, Chaleece] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Levy, Joshua] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA. [Levy, Joshua; Caplan, David] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Caplan, D (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM dcaplan@partners.org RI Kiran, S/B-1892-2013 FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [DC010461] FX This research was supported by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant DC010461. The authors thank Elsa Ascenco, Rebecca Hufford, Balaji Rangarathnam, Daisy Sapolsky, and Marissa Simms for their assistance in data collection. 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E., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P69 PESETSKY D., 1987, REPRESENTATION INDEF, P98 Pesetsky David, 2000, PHRASAL MOVEMENT ITS Schneider W., 2002, E PRIME USERS GUIDE Tuinman J, 1974, READING RES Q, V9, P206 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S154 EP S165 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0104) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900011 PM 22355004 ER PT J AU Mauszycki, SC Wambaugh, JL Cameron, RM AF Mauszycki, Shannon C. Wambaugh, Julie L. Cameron, Rosalea M. TI Apraxia of Speech: Perceptual Analysis of Trisyllabic Word Productions Across Repeated Sampling Occasions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apraxia of speech; variability; perceptual analyses; aphasia ID CONSONANT PRODUCTION; DYSARTHRIC SPEAKERS; STOP CONSONANTS; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; APHASIA; TIMES; VOWEL AB Purpose: Early apraxia of speech (AOS) research has characterized errors as being variable, resulting in a number of different error types being produced on repeated productions of the same stimuli. Conversely, recent research has uncovered greater consistency in errors, but there are limited data examining sound errors over time (more than one occasion). Furthermore, the influence of conditions of stimulus presentation (blocked vs. random) on sound errors remains uncertain. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of repeated sampling and conditions of stimulus presentation on speech sound errors for 11 speakers with AOS/aphasia. Method: Trisyllabic words consisting of 7 target phonemes in the initial position served as stimuli. On 3 occasions, stimuli were elicited under 2 conditions: blocked (by phoneme) and randomized presentation. Speech productions were analyzed via narrow phonetic transcription. Results: Findings revealed a similar overall mean percentage of errors in both conditions and across sampling occasions. Distortions were the dominant error type. Conclusion: There was no obvious pattern of responding across sampling occasions or conditions of stimulus presentation. The dominant error type differed among target phonemes, but there appeared to be some degree of consistency in the error types produced for the majority of target phonemes. C1 [Mauszycki, Shannon C.; Wambaugh, Julie L.; Cameron, Rosalea M.] VA Salt Lake City Healthcare Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Mauszycki, Shannon C.; Wambaugh, Julie L.; Cameron, Rosalea M.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Mauszycki, SC (reprint author), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM Passbrat@aol.com FU Department of Veterans Affairs' Rehabilitation Research and Development Service FX This research was supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs' Rehabilitation Research and Development Service. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S28 EP S37 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/11-0094) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900002 PM 22355003 ER PT J AU Murray, LL AF Murray, Laura L. TI Attention and Other Cognitive Deficits in Aphasia: Presence and Relation to Language and Communication Measures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; attention disorders; cognitive disorders ID WORKING-MEMORY; AUDITORY VIGILANCE; EVERYDAY ATTENTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; STROKE PATIENTS; SHORT-TERM; BRAIN; TASK; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: This study was designed to further elucidate the relationship between cognition and aphasia, with a focus on attention. It was hypothesized that individuals with aphasia would display variable deficit patterns on tests of attention and other cognitive functions and that their attention deficits, particularly those of complex attention functions, would be related to their language and communication status. Method: A group of individuals with varying types and severity of aphasia and a group of age- and education-matched adults with no brain damage completed tests of attention, short-term and working memory, and executive functioning. Results: Overall, the group with aphasia performed significantly more poorly than the control group on the cognitive measures but displayed variability in the presence, types, and severity of their attention and other cognitive deficits. Correlational and regression analyses yielded significant relations between participants' attention deficits and their language and communication status. Conclusion: The findings accorded well with prior research identifying (a) attention and other cognitive deficits inmost but not all individuals with aphasia; (b) heterogeneity in the types and severity of attention and other cognitive symptoms among individuals with cognitive impairments; and (c) potent associations among attention, language, and other cognitive domains. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Murray, LL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S51 EP S64 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0067) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900004 PM 22230179 ER PT J AU Sung, JE Kim, JH Jeong, JH Kang, H AF Sung, Jee Eun Kim, Jin Hee Jeong, Jee Hyang Kang, Heejin TI Working Memory Capacity and Its Relation to Stroop Interference and Facilitation Effects in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE working memory; Stroop interference effects; Stroop facilitation effects; mild cognitive impairment ID GENERAL FLUID INTELLIGENCE; SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; EXECUTIVE ATTENTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OLDER-ADULTS; DEMENTIA; AGE; INHIBITION; DEFICITS AB Purpose: The purposes of the study were to investigate (a) the task-specific differences in short-term memory (STM) and working memory capacity (WMC) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal elderly adults (NEAs), (b) the Stroop interference and facilitation effects, and (c) the relationship of STM and WMC to the Stroop effects. Method: Thirty-two individuals participated in the study (n=16 for each group). WMC demands were increased using a computerized Stroop-like token task to add more linguistic units. Six STM and WMC measures were administered overall. Results: Digit-related tasks and an alphabet span task sensitively differentiated individuals with MCI from the NEA group. The group with MCI exhibited greater Stroop interference effects than the NEA group, but the 2 groups did not exhibit different Stroop facilitation effects. WMC significantly predicted performance on the response time analyses but not on the error rate analyses. Conclusion: Task-specific differences emerged in the group with MCI, and a reduced WMC accounts for the impaired inhibitory and goal maintenance processes. It is critical that WMC demands be systematically manipulated to tax individuals' WMC in a way that can clearly demonstrate their deficits, especially in individuals who are at risk for clinically demented states. 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T, 1993, LANGUAGE MEMORY AGIN, P154 Zhang YM, 2007, AGING NEUROPSYCHOL C, V14, P557, DOI 10.1080/13825580600788118 NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S166 EP S178 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0101) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900012 PM 22355008 ER PT J AU Walker, GM Schwartz, MF AF Walker, Grant M. Schwartz, Myrna F. TI Short-Form Philadelphia Naming Test: Rationale and Empirical Evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; assessment; speech production; stroke ID INTERACTIVE 2-STEP MODEL; CASE-SERIES TEST; LEXICAL ACCESS; WORD PRODUCTION; RETRIEVAL; ERRORS; PERFORMANCE; EDUCATION; APHASIA; NORMS AB Purpose: To create two matched short forms of the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT; Roach, Schwartz, Martin, Grewal, & Brecher, 1996) that yield similar results to the PNT for measuring anomia. Method: In Study 1, archived naming data from 94 individuals with aphasia were used to identify which PNT items should be included in the short forms. The 2 constructed sets of 30 items, PNT30-A and PNT30-B, were validated using archived data from a separate group of 56 individuals with aphasia. In Study 2, the reliability of the PNT, PNT30-A, and PNT30-B across independent test administrations was evaluated with a new group of 25 individuals with aphasia who were selected to represent the full range of naming impairment. Results: In Study 1, PNT30-A and PNT30-B were found to be internally consistent, and accuracy scores on these subsets of items were highly correlated with the full PNT. In Study 2, PNT accuracy was extremely reliable over the span of 1 week, and independent administrations of PNT30-A and PNT30-B produced similar results to the PNT and to each other. Conclusion: The short forms of the PNT can be used to reliably estimate PNT performance, and the results can be compared to the provided norms. The 2 matched tests allow for the measurement of change in an individual's naming ability. C1 [Walker, Grant M.; Schwartz, Myrna F.] Moss Rehabil Res Inst, Elkins Pk, PA USA. RP Schwartz, MF (reprint author), Moss Rehabil Res Inst, Elkins Pk, PA USA. EM mschwart@einstein.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [DC000191-29] FX We would like to thank Adelyn Brecher, Rachel Jacobson, and Jennifer Gallagher, who recruited patients and collected data, and Gary S. Dell and Daniel Mirman, who provided us with thoughtful suggestions regarding data analysis and interpretation. This research was supported by Grant DC000191-29 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (M. Schwartz, PI). CR Abel S, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P1, DOI 10.1080/02687030903022203 Baayen R. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S140 EP S153 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0089) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900010 PM 22294412 ER PT J AU Wambaugh, JL Nessler, C Cameron, R Mauszycki, SC AF Wambaugh, Julie L. Nessler, Christina Cameron, Rosalea Mauszycki, Shannon C. TI Acquired Apraxia of Speech: The Effects of Repeated Practice and Rate/Rhythm Control Treatments on Sound Production Accuracy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apraxia; treatment; articulation ID CONSONANT PRODUCTION ACCURACY; TREATMENT GUIDELINES; ARTICULATION; ACQUISITION; FREQUENCY; APHASIA AB Purpose: This investigation was designed to elucidate the effects of repeated practice treatment on sound production accuracy in individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia. A secondary purpose was to determine if the addition of rate/rhythm control to treatment provided further benefits beyond those achieved with repeated practice. Method: A single-subject design was employed with 10 speakers with chronic AOS and aphasia. Articulation accuracy served as the dependent measure. Participants received repeated practice treatment until a plateau in performance was observed or high levels of accuracy were achieved. If performance criterion was not reached, rate/rhythm control was added to the treatment to determine if additional gains would be made. Results: For 8 of the participants, improvements were evident for all applications of repeated practice treatment, and positive response generalization was observed in most cases. When rate/rhythm control treatment was applied, modest additional gains were apparent for the majority of the applications. The 2 participants who did not benefit from repeated practice treatment also did not show improvements with rate/rhythm control treatment. Conclusions: Repeated practice treatment resulted in improved articulation for the majority of participants. The amount of improvement varied within and across participants. Rate/rhythm control appeared to have limited additional benefits for some participants. C1 [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Nessler, Christina; Cameron, Rosalea; Mauszycki, Shannon C.] VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Wambaugh, Julie L.; Cameron, Rosalea; Mauszycki, Shannon C.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wambaugh, JL (reprint author), VA Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM Julie.wambaugh@health.utah.edu FU Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development FX This research was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development. CR Barlow D. H., 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Bloom M., 2003, EVALUATING PRACTICE Brendel B, 2000, J NEUROLINGUIST, V13, P241 Brendel B, 2008, APHASIOLOGY, V22, P1 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Dabul B, 2000, APRAXIA BATTERY ADUL, V2nd Dronkers NF, 1996, NATURE, V384, P159, DOI 10.1038/384159a0 Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Dworkin J. 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M., 1981, ASSESSMENT INTELLIGI NR 42 TC 1 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP S5 EP S27 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/11-0102) PG 23 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 019SZ UT WOS:000309760900001 PM 22230177 ER PT J AU Bonilha, HS Deliyski, DD Whiteside, JP Gerlach, TT AF Bonilha, Heather Shaw Deliyski, Dimitar D. Whiteside, Joanna Piasecki Gerlach, Terri Treman TI Vocal Fold Phase Asymmetries in Patients With Voice Disorders: A Study Across Visualization Techniques SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE voice; asymmetry; stroboscopy; high-speed videoendoscopy; kymography ID HIGH-SPEED VIDEOENDOSCOPY; VIBRATION; VIDEOKYMOGRAPHY; IRREGULARITIES; STROBOSCOPY; RECORDINGS; SPEAKERS; WIDTH AB Purpose: To examine differences in vocal fold vibratory phase asymmetry judged from stroboscopy, high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV), and the HSV-derived playbacks of mucosal wave kymography, digital kymography, and a static medial digital kymography image of persons with hypofunctional and hyperfunctional voice disorders. Differences between the methods of visual judgments and objective measures of left-right phase asymmetry were assessed. The findings were compared with those from a previous study with vocally normal speakers. Method: Forty-nine persons with voice disorders underwent stroboscopy and HSV. The HSV images were processed, resulting in 4 different spatial or kymographic displays. Two types of phase asymmetries, left-right and anterior-posterior, were visually rated. Objective measures of left-right phase asymmetry were obtained. Results: From stroboscopy, the HSV playback, and the HSV-derived playbacks, left-right phase symmetry was judged to be symmetrical in 41%, 32%, and 19% of cases, respectively. This difference in playbacks was not seen for anterior-posterior asymmetry. Correlation between visual judgments and objective measures was mild for stroboscopy and moderate to high for all HSV-based playbacks. Conclusions: The use of kymography appears important for judgments of phase asymmetry. Stroboscopy appears to be sensitive, but possibly not specific, to phase asymmetries. Further development of objective measures is warranted for this feature. C1 [Bonilha, Heather Shaw] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Deliyski, Dimitar D.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Whiteside, Joanna Piasecki] HealthSouth, Columbia, SC USA. [Gerlach, Terri Treman] Charlotte Eye Ear Nose & Throat Associates, Charlotte, NC USA. [Bonilha, Heather Shaw; Deliyski, Dimitar D.; Whiteside, Joanna Piasecki; Gerlach, Terri Treman] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Bonilha, HS (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM bonilhah@musc.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) [R01 DC007640] FX This project was supported by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) Research Grant R01 DC007640. Major parts of this research have been conducted by the authors at the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of South Carolina, where this NIDCD grant was originally awarded. We would like to thank Lori Ellen Sutton, Susan Hanks, and Cara Sauder for their role in data collection. Portions of this study were presented at the American Laryngological Association Combined Otolaryngological Spring Meeting in Orlando, FL, in May 2008. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/09-0086) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 888JS UT WOS:000300000400002 PM 22049403 ER PT J AU Brady, NC Fleming, K Thiemann-Bourque, K Olswang, L Dowden, P Saunders, MD Marquis, J AF Brady, Nancy C. Fleming, Kandace Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy Olswang, Lesley Dowden, Patricia Saunders, Muriel D. Marquis, Janet TI Development of the Communication Complexity Scale SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; disabilities; autism; presymbolic; severe disabilities ID PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; PRELINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; HEARING-LOSS; TRIPLE-C; DISABILITIES; AUTISM AB Purpose: Accurate description of an individual's communication status is critical in both research and practice. Describing the communication status of individuals with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities is difficult because these individuals often communicate with presymbolic means that may not be readily recognized. Our goal was to design a communication scale and summary score for interpretation that could be applied across populations of children and adults with limited (often presymbolic) communication forms. Method: The Communication Complexity Scale (CCS) was developed by a team of researchers and tested with 178 participants with varying levels of presymbolic and early symbolic communication skills. Correlations between standardized and informant measures were completed, and expert opinions were obtained regarding the CCS. Results: CCS scores were within expected ranges for the populations studied, and interrater reliability was high. Comparison across other measures indicated significant correlations with standardized tests of language. Scores on informant report measures tended to place children at higher levels of communication. Expert opinions generally favored the development of the CCS. Conclusions: The scale appears to be useful for describing a given individual's level of presymbolic or early symbolic communication. Further research is needed to determine whether it is sensitive to developmental growth in communication. C1 [Brady, Nancy C.; Fleming, Kandace; Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy; Saunders, Muriel D.; Marquis, Janet] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Olswang, Lesley; Dowden, Patricia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brady, NC (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM nbrady@ku.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P01 HD018955, R01 DC007684] FX This research was supported by Grants P01 HD018955 and R01 DC007684 from the National Institutes of Health. We wish to thank Kris Mathews, Megan Burgardt, and the individuals who participated in this research and their families. 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Palmer, Meghan Abbeduto, Leonard TI Macrostructural Narrative Language of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome or Fragile X Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narrative language; Down syndrome; fragile X syndrome ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE; SKILLS; INDIVIDUALS; BOYS; PROFILES; AUTISM; COMMUNICATION; RETELLS AB Purpose: To gain a better understanding of language abilities, the expressive macrostructural narrative language abilities of verbally expressive adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) and those with fragile X syndrome (FXS) were examined. Method: The authors evaluated 24 adolescents and young adults with DS, 12 male adolescents and young adults with FXS, and 21 younger children with typical development (TD). Narrative samples were assessed at the macrostructural level using the narrative scoring scheme (Heilmann, Miller, Nockerts, & Dunaway, 2010). Three group comparisons were made using (a) the full sample matched on nonverbal mental age, (b) a subset of the participants individually matched on nonverbal mental age, and (c) a subset of participants individually matched on mean length of utterance. Results: Study analyses revealed that the DS and FXS groups significantly outperformed the TD group on a limited number of narrative scoring scheme measures. No significant differences emerged between the DS and FXS groups. Conclusions: The study's results suggest that some aspects of macrostructural narrative language may be relative strengths for adolescents and young adults with DS and those with FXS. These results can be used to create more nuanced and informed approaches to assessment and intervention for these populations. C1 [Finestack, Lizbeth H.; Palmer, Meghan] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Finestack, LH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM finestack@umn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01HD024356, T32HD007489, P30HD003352]; University of Minnesota's College of Liberal Arts FX We are grateful to all of the participants and their families whose dedication made this project possible. We thank Susen Schroeder for her oversight of the language transcription activities for the project. Preparation of this article was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01HD024356, T32HD007489, and P30HD003352, as well as the University of Minnesota's College of Liberal Arts Freshman Research Scholar Program. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 29 EP 46 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0095) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 888JS UT WOS:000300000400004 PM 22049405 ER PT J AU Girolametto, L Weitzman, E Greenberg, J AF Girolametto, Luigi Weitzman, Elaine Greenberg, Janice TI Facilitating Emergent Literacy: Efficacy of a Model That Partners Speech-Language Pathologists and Educators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE literacy; preschool; professional development; early childhood settings; language ID AT-RISK CHILDREN; REPEATED-MEASURES DESIGNS; IN-SERVICE EDUCATION; HEAD-START TEACHERS; PROFESSIONAL-DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL TEACHERS; PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRINT KNOWLEDGE; REDI PROGRAM AB Purpose: This study examined the efficacy of a professional development program for early childhood educators that facilitated emergent literacy skills in preschoolers. The program, led by a speech-language pathologist, focused on teaching alphabet knowledge, print concepts, sound awareness, and decontextualized oral language within naturally occurring classroom interactions. Method: Twenty educators were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Educators each recruited 3 to 4 children from their classrooms to participate. The experimental group participated in 18 hr of group training and 3 individual coaching sessions with a speech-language pathologist. The effects of intervention were examined in 30 min of videotaped interaction, including storybook reading and a post-story writing activity. Results: At posttest, educators in the experimental group used a higher rate of utterances that included print/sound references and decontextualized language than the control group. Similarly, the children in the experimental group used a significantly higher rate of utterances that included print/sound references and decontextualized language compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that professional development provided by a speech-language pathologist can yield short-term changes in the facilitation of emergent literacy skills in early childhood settings. Future research is needed to determine the impact of this program on the children's long-term development of conventional literacy skills. C1 [Girolametto, Luigi] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Weitzman, Elaine; Greenberg, Janice] Hanen Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Girolametto, L (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. EM l.girolametto@utoronto.ca FU Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network FX This research was supported by research grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network. We are indebted to Heather Farrell, research coordinator, for her tireless dedication and invaluable assistance with participant recruitment and data collection. We thank research assistants Julie Chris and Lisa Girard for their attention to detail in the transcription and coding of the videotaped data. Last, but not least, we gratefully acknowledge the early childhood educators and children who participated in this study. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 47 EP 63 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/11-0002) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 888JS UT WOS:000300000400005 PM 22230181 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Clellen, V Simon-Cereijido, G Sweet, M AF Gutierrez-Clellen, Vera Simon-Cereijido, Gabriela Sweet, Monica TI Predictors of Second Language Acquisition in Latino Children With Specific Language Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE specific language impairment; English language learners; language development ID SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN; BILINGUAL-CHILDREN; ENGLISH; EDUCATION; TENSE; KINDERGARTEN; INTERVENTION; PERFORMANCE; VOCABULARY; MORPHOLOGY AB Purpose: This study evaluated the extent to which the language of intervention, the child's development in Spanish, and the effects of English vocabulary, use, proficiency, and exposure predict differences in the rates of acquisition of English in Latino children with specific language impairment (SLI). Method: In this randomized controlled trial, 188 Latino preschoolers with SLI participated in a small-group academic enrichment program for 12 weeks and were followed up 3 and 5 months later. Children were randomly assigned to either a bilingual or an English-only program. Predictors of English growth included measures of Spanish language skills and English vocabulary, use, proficiency, and exposure. Performance on English outcomes (i.e., picture description and narrative sample) was assessed over time. A series of longitudinal models were tested via multilevel modeling with baseline and posttreatment measures nested within child. Results: Children demonstrated growth on the English outcomes over time. The language of intervention, Spanish skills, English vocabulary, and English use significantly predicted differences in rates of growth across children for specific measures of English development. Conclusions: This study underscores the role of the child's first language skills, the child's level of English vocabulary development, and level of English use for predicting differences in English acquisition in Latino preschoolers with SLI. These factors should be carefully considered in making clinical decisions. C1 [Gutierrez-Clellen, Vera] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Simon-Cereijido, Gabriela] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Sweet, Monica] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Gutierrez-Clellen, V (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM vclellen@mail.sdsu.edu FU Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education [R324E060073] FX This research was supported by Grant R324E060073 from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the U.S. Department of Education. We are grateful to M. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0090) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 888JS UT WOS:000300000400006 PM 22230174 ER PT J AU Terry, NP Connor, CM AF Terry, Nicole Patton Connor, Carol McDonald TI Changing Nonmainstream American English Use and Early Reading Achievement From Kindergarten to First Grade SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nonmainstream American English; reading; dialect ID DIALECT VARIATION; SPEAKING CHILDREN; EMERGENT LITERACY; ORAL LANGUAGE; SKILLS; OUTCOMES AB Purpose: This study had 2 principal aims: (a) to examine whether children who spoke Nonmainstream American English (NMAE) frequently in school at the end of kindergarten increased their production of Mainstream American English (MAE) forms by the end of first grade, and (b) to examine concurrent and predictive relations between children's NMAE use and reading skills. Method: A longitudinal design was implemented with 49 children who varied in their spoken NMAE production in kindergarten. Word reading, phonological awareness, and receptive vocabulary skills were measured at both time points. Results: Analyses indicated that most children significantly increased their production of MAE forms between the 2 time points; however, this change was not associated with change in letter-word reading and phonological awareness skills. Regression analyses showed that NMAE use in kindergarten contributed significantly and independently to the variance in word reading in first grade, even after accounting for phonological awareness (although word reading in kindergarten was the best predictor of word reading in first grade). Conclusions: The findings extend previous reports of a significant relation between NMAE use and reading among young children. Theoretical, research, and educational implications of the findings are discussed. C1 [Terry, Nicole Patton] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Terry, Nicole Patton] Ctr Res Atyp Dev & Learning, Atlanta, GA USA. [Terry, Nicole Patton] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT USA. [Connor, Carol McDonald] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Connor, Carol McDonald] Florida Ctr Reading Res, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Terry, NP (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM npterry@gsu.edu FU Early Reading First Program grants FX This study was supported in part by a supplemental grant awarded to the United Way Metropolitan Atlanta for the Developing Readers Early And Mightily (DREAM) and Reinforce, Educate, And Develop Early Readers Successfully (READERS) Early Reading First Program grants. The opinions expressed are ours and do not represent views of the funding agencies. We would like to thank the staff at Smart Start and the early learning division of the United Way Metropolitan Atlanta, particularly Sharen Hausmann and Katrina Mitchell, for their assistance with this project. We especially thank the children and families who participated in this project, without whom this research would not have been possible. CR Charity AH, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1340, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00744.x Conlin C., 2009, THESIS FLORIDA STATE Connor CM, 2005, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V43, P343, DOI 10.1016/j.jsp.2005.06.001 Connor CM, 2007, SCIENCE, V315, P464, DOI 10.1126/science.1134513 Connor CM, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P771, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/055) Craig H. K., 1994, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V25, P181 Craig H. K., 2006, MALIK GOES SCH EXAMI Craig HK, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P450, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/036) Craig HK, 2009, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V52, P839, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0056) Dunn L. M., 2007, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Garn-Nunn P. 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P., J SPEECH LA IN PRESS Terry NP, 2011, NEW DIR COMMUN D RES, P97 Terry NP, 2006, READ WRIT, V19, P907, DOI 10.1007/s11145-006-9023-0 Terry NP, 2010, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V53, P126, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0058) Terry NP, 2012, COMM DISORD Q, V33, P67, DOI 10.1177/1525740110368846 Washington J. A., 2009, IMPLEMENTING EVIDENC, P147 Washington JA, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P618 Wolfram W., 2006, AM ENGLISH Woodcock R. W., 2001, WOODCOCKJOHNSON 3 TE NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0093) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 888JS UT WOS:000300000400007 PM 22230178 ER PT J AU Malandraki, GA Hind, JA Gangnon, R Logemann, JA Robbins, J AF Malandraki, Georgia A. Hind, Jacqueline A. Gangnon, Ronald Logemann, Jeri A. Robbins, JoAnne TI The Utility of Pitch Elevation in the Evaluation of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Preliminary Findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swallowing; voice; cricothyroid muscle; aspiration; pitch elevation ID PENETRATION-ASPIRATION SCALE; SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; VOICE; DISPLACEMENT; CLINICIAN; ANATOMY; STROKE; REFLEX; ADULTS AB Purpose: To evaluate the utility of a pitch elevation task in the assessment of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Method: This study was a pilot prospective cohort study including 40 consecutive patients (16 male and 24 female) who were referred by their physician for a swallowing evaluation. Patients were evaluated with a noninstrumental clinical examination and a videofluoroscopic swallow study, and participated in a pitch elevation task during videofluoroscopic image acquisition. Relationships between pitch elevation measurements (acoustic and perceptual) and swallow parameters (penetration/aspiration and residue) were investigated. Results: Results of this pilot study revealed that both maximum fundamental frequency (F(o)) and perceptual evaluation of pitch elevation independently significantly predicted Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores for thin liquid swallows (p = .01 and .03, respectively). Vocal range (average pitch to falsetto) was not sensitive in predicting likelihood of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Conclusions: Findings indicate that reduced pitch elevation can be indicative of reduced airway protection and swallowing impairment in some dysphagia patients and may be a useful supplement to dysphagia screening and diagnosis. Further investigation is warranted to determine the optimal utility of this procedure for different diagnostic categories of patients. C1 [Malandraki, Georgia A.; Hind, Jacqueline A.; Robbins, JoAnne] William S Middleton Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Malandraki, Georgia A.; Hind, Jacqueline A.; Gangnon, Ronald; Robbins, JoAnne] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Malandraki, Georgia A.] Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Logemann, Jeri A.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Malandraki, GA (reprint author), William S Middleton Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Madison, WI USA. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0097) PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 844CE UT WOS:000296724500002 PM 21813823 ER PT J AU Baylor, C Burns, M Eadie, T Britton, D Yorkston, K AF Baylor, Carolyn Burns, Michael Eadie, Tanya Britton, Deanna Yorkston, Kathryn TI A Qualitative Study of Interference With Communicative Participation Across Communication Disorders in Adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communicative participation; qualitative research; WHO ICF; voice disorders; neurologic communication disorders ID ADDUCTORY SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA; HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; LIFE V-RQOL; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; BOTULINUM TOXIN; SOCIAL-PARTICIPATION; SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS AB Purpose: To explore the similarities and differences in self-reported restrictions in communicative participation across different communication disorders in community-dwelling adults. Method: Interviews were conducted with 44 adults representing 7 different medical conditions: spasmodic dysphonia, multiple sclerosis, stroke, stuttering, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and laryngectomy. This article represents a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected in cognitive interviews during development of the Communicative Participation Item Bank. The data were analyzed to identify themes in participants' experiences related to communicative participation. Results: Participants described many situations in which they experienced interference in communicative participation. Two themes emerged from the data. The first theme was Interference is both "functional" and "emotional," in which participants defined interference as limitations in accomplishing tasks and emotional consequences. The second theme was "It depends"-sources of interference, in which participants described many variables that contribute to interference in participation. Participants had limited control of some variables such as symptoms and environmental contexts, but personal decisions and priorities also influenced participation. Conclusions: Despite different impairments and activity limitations, participants described similar communicative participation restrictions. These similarities may have theoretical and clinical implications in terms of how we assess, treat, and study the participation restrictions associated with communication disorders. C1 [Baylor, Carolyn; Burns, Michael; Eadie, Tanya; Britton, Deanna; Yorkston, Kathryn] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baylor, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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Snell, Julie TI Facilitating Children's Ability to Distinguish Symbols for Emotions: The Effects of Background Color Cues and Spatial Arrangement of Symbols on Accuracy and Speed of Search SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aided AAC; color cuing; display construction ID 4 BASIC EMOTIONS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PRESCHOOLERS SPEED; DIRECT SELECTION; DOWN-SYNDROME; RECOGNITION; DISPLAYS; EXPRESSIONS; DESIGN; ADULTS AB Purpose: Communication about feelings is a core element of human interaction. Aided augmentative and alternative communication systems must therefore include symbols representing these concepts. The symbols must be readily distinguishable in order for users to communicate effectively. However, emotions are represented within most systems by schematic faces in which subtle distinctions are difficult to represent. We examined whether background color cuing and spatial arrangement might help children identify symbols for different emotions. Method: Thirty nondisabled children searched for symbols representing emotions within an 8-choice array. On some trials, a color cue signaled the valence of the emotion (positive vs. negative). Additionally, the symbols were either (a) organized with the negatively valenced symbols at the top and the positive symbols on the bottom of the display or (b) distributed randomly throughout. Dependent variables were accuracy and speed of responses. Results: The speed with which children could locate a target was significantly faster for displays in which symbols were clustered by valence, but only when the symbols had white backgrounds. Addition of a background color cue did not facilitate responses. Conclusions: Rapid search was facilitated by a spatial organization cue, but not by the addition of background color. Further examination of the situations in which color cues may be useful is warranted. C1 [Wilkinson, Krista M.; Snell, Julie] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 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M., 2004, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V20, P123, DOI 10.1080/07434610410001699717 Wilkinson K. M., 2010, EARLY CHILDHOOD SERV, V4, P171 WILKINSON KM, 2011, SPATIAL ARRANG UNPUB Wilkinson KM, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P123, DOI 10.1080/07434610500483620 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 288 EP 301 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0065) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 844CE UT WOS:000296724500004 PM 21813821 ER PT J AU Pena, ED Gillam, RB Bedore, LM Bohman, TM AF Pena, Elizabeth D. Gillam, Ronald B. Bedore, Lisa M. Bohman, Thomas M. TI Risk for Poor Performance on a Language Screening Measure for Bilingual Preschoolers and Kindergarteners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE screening; bilingual; language; impairment; risk ID CHILDREN LEARNING SPANISH; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DISPROPORTIONATE REPRESENTATION; BALANCING BILINGUALS; LEXICAL ACCESS; SPEECH; IMPAIRMENT; ENGLISH; PREVALENCE; STUDENTS AB Purpose: This study documents the risk for language impairment in Latino children who had different levels of exposure to English and Spanish. Method: A total of 1,029 preschool- and kindergarten-age children were screened in the domains of semantics and morphosyntax in both Spanish and English. Parent report was used to document current exposure to and use of Spanish and English, as well as year of first exposure to English. Risk for language impairment was compared for language group, year of first English exposure, age, and mother's education. Results: While bilingual children's scores on each subtest were significantly lower compared to their functional monolingual peers, they were no more likely to fall in the at-risk range based on a combination of all 4 subtests. Maternal education and year of first English exposure were weakly associated with risk for language impairment but not with language group (via 5 levels of first and second language exposure). Conclusions: Prevalence of risk for language impairment when both languages are tested is not related to language group. C1 [Pena, Elizabeth D.; Bedore, Lisa M.; Bohman, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gillam, Ronald B.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pena, ED (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lizp@mail.utexas.edu CR Allison P. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 302 EP 314 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0020) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 844CE UT WOS:000296724500005 PM 21821821 ER PT J AU Cabell, SQ Justice, LM Piasta, SB Curenton, SM Wiggins, A Turnbull, KP Petscher, Y AF Cabell, Sonia Q. Justice, Laura M. Piasta, Shayne B. Curenton, Stephanie M. Wiggins, Alice Turnbull, Khara Pence Petscher, Yaacov TI The Impact of Teacher Responsivity Education on Preschoolers' Language and Literacy Skills SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oral language; emergent literacy; preschool; intervention; professional development ID CHILDRENS EMERGENT LITERACY; EARLY-CHILDHOOD EDUCATORS; DAY-CARE; HEAD-START; ORAL LANGUAGE; PROFESSIONAL-DEVELOPMENT; BOOK; RISK; INTERVENTION; PRINT AB Purpose: This study examined the extent to which teacher responsivity education affected preschoolers' language and literacy development over an academic year. Additional aims were to determine whether children's initial language abilities and teachers' use of responsivity strategies were associated with language outcomes, in particular. Method: In this randomized controlled trial, preschool centers were assigned to a responsivity education intervention (n = 19 centers, 25 teachers, and 174 children) or a "business-as-usual" control condition (n = 19 centers, 24 teachers, and 156 children). Teachers within the intervention centers received training focused on a set of strategies designed to promote children's engagement and participation in extended conversational interactions across the school day. Results: Hierarchical linear models showed no main effects on children's language skills, although moderating effects were observed such that the intervention appeared to have positive effects for children with relatively high initial language abilities. In addition, teacher use of responsivity strategies was positively associated with vocabulary development. With regard to children's literacy skills, there was a significant main effect of the intervention on print-concept knowledge. Conclusions: Although teacher responsivity education is viewed as benefitting children's language and literacy development, the impacts of this type of intervention on children's skills warrant further investigation. C1 [Cabell, Sonia Q.; Wiggins, Alice; Turnbull, Khara Pence] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Justice, Laura M.; Piasta, Shayne B.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Curenton, Stephanie M.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Petscher, Yaacov] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cabell, SQ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM sonia@virginia.edu CR BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V57, P289 Bornstein M. H., 1989, NEW DIR CHILD ADOLES, V1989, P49, DOI [10.1002/cd.23219894306, DOI 10.1002/CD.23219894306] Bunce B. 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H., 2004, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Yoder PJ, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P1158, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/094) Zimmerman FJ, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V124, P342, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-2267 NR 67 TC 17 Z9 18 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 315 EP 330 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0104) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 844CE UT WOS:000296724500006 PM 21856968 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Fernandez, M Sein, MT Palmer, JB AF Gonzalez-Fernandez, Marlis Sein, Michael T. Palmer, Jeffrey B. TI Clinical Experience Using the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability for Identification of Patients at Risk for Aspiration in a Mixed-Disease Population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dysphagia; deglutition; swallowing; aspiration; test characteristics ID ACUTE STROKE; GAG REFLEX; DYSPHAGIA; SCLEROSIS AB Purpose: To determine the clinical performance characteristics of the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) for predicting aspiration (determined by videofluoroscopic swallowing study [VFSS]) in a mixed population. Method: We selected 133 cases clinically evaluated using MASA and VFSS from January through June 2007. Ordinal risk rating (ORR) and total numeric score (TNS) were evaluated as predictors of aspiration on VFSS. To account for missing items, the maximum possible score was determined and a weighted percentage score calculated for each patient. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to compare the sensitivity and specificity of ORR and TNS for predicting aspiration. Results: VFSS identified 51 (38.4%) aspirators, while ORR identified 54 (40.6%) as probable or definite aspiration and TNS 19 (14.3%) as moderate to severe aspiration risk. ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.74, 95% CI [0.66, 0.82], for ORR and 0.51, 95% CI [0.41, 0.61], for TNS. These ROC scores suggest that the MASA ORR is better at predicting aspiration on VFSS than the numeric score. Conclusion: In this sample, the subjective ORR had good predictive ability, while the percentage TNS failed to predict aspiration on VFSS. The MASA ORR assessment was a better predictor for a patient's aspiration risk in this population. C1 [Gonzalez-Fernandez, Marlis; Palmer, Jeffrey B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sein, Michael T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0082) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 844CE UT WOS:000296724500007 PM 21813822 ER PT J AU Ntourou, K Conture, EG Lipsey, MW AF Ntourou, Katerina Conture, Edward G. Lipsey, Mark W. TI Language Abilities of Children Who Stutter: A Meta-Analytical Review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering; preschool; meta-analysis; language; effect size ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; NONWORD REPETITION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CONVERSATIONAL UTTERANCES; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; SENTENCE-STRUCTURE; WORD-FREQUENCY; AGE-CHILDREN; LATE TALKERS; SPEECH AB Purpose: To identify, integrate, and summarize evidence from empirical studies of the language abilities of children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS). Method: Candidate studies were identified through electronic databases, the tables of contents of speech-language journals, and reference lists of relevant articles and literature reviews. The 22 included studies met the following criteria: studied both children who did and did not stutter between ages 2; 0 (years; months) and 8; 0, and reported norm-referenced language measures and/or measures from spontaneous language samples amenable to effect size calculation. Data were extracted using a coding manual and were assessed by application of general and specialized analytical software. Mean difference effect size was estimated using Hedges's g (Hedges, 1(82). Results: Findings indicated that CWS scored significantly lower than CWNS on norm-referenced measures of overall language (Hedges's g = -0.48), receptive (Hedges's g = -0.52) and expressive vocabulary (Hedges's g = -0.41), and mean length of utterance (Hedges's g = -0.23). Conclusions: Present findings were taken to suggest that children's language abilities are potentially influential variables associated with childhood stuttering. C1 [Ntourou, Katerina; Conture, Edward G.; Lipsey, Mark W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Ntourou, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR Wingate M., 1988, STRUCTURE STUTTERING Yaruss JS, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P62 Yaruss JS, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P329 Zackheim CT, 2003, J FLUENCY DISORD, V28, P115, DOI 10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00007-X ZIMMERMAN IL, 1969, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 131 TC 18 Z9 18 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/09-0102) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 800RI UT WOS:000293382000002 PM 21478281 ER PT J AU Roberts, MY Kaiser, AP AF Roberts, Megan Y. Kaiser, Ann P. TI The Effectiveness of Parent-Implemented Language Interventions: A Meta-Analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language delays; parent training; language intervention ID EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY DELAYS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TEACHING PARENTS; AUTISM; SPEECH; SUPPORT; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; MOTHERS; INPUT AB Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the effects of parent-implemented language interventions on the language skills of children between 18 and 60 months of age with primary and secondary language impairments. Method: A systematic literature search yielded 18 studies that met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Effect sizes for each study were calculated for 7 language outcome variables and analyzed using a random effects model. Separate analyses were conducted for each language outcome and for each comparison group. Outcomes were compared for children with and without intellectual disabilities and for parent report and direct observational language measures. Results: The results indicate that parent-implemented language interventions have a significant, positive impact on receptive and expressive language skills of children with and without intellectual disabilities. Effect sizes (g) for child measures ranged from -0.15 to 0.82 depending on the outcome measure and comparison group. Conclusion: The results of this review indicate that parent-implemented language interventions are an effective approach to early language intervention for young children with language impairments. Critical features of parent-implemented interventions are discussed in terms of implications for practice and future research. C1 [Roberts, Megan Y.; Kaiser, Ann P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Roberts, MY (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 180 EP 199 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0055) PG 20 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 800RI UT WOS:000293382000003 PM 21478280 ER PT J AU Volden, J Smith, IM Szatmari, P Bryson, S Fombonne, E Mirenda, P Roberts, W Vaillancourt, T Waddell, C Zwaigenbaum, L Georgiades, S Duku, E Thompson, A AF Volden, Joanne Smith, Isabel M. Szatmari, Peter Bryson, Susan Fombonne, Eric Mirenda, Pat Roberts, Wendy Vaillancourt, Tracy Waddell, Charlotte Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Georgiades, Stelios Duku, Eric Thompson, Ann TI Using the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition to Characterize Language in Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism spectrum disorder; preschool children ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; CHILDREN; IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: The Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition (PLS-4; Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002) was used to examine syntactic and semantic language skills in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to determine its suitability for use with this population. We expected that PLS-4 performance would be better in more intellectually able children and that receptive skills would be relatively more impaired than expressive abilities, consistent with previous findings in the area of vocabulary. Method: Our sample consisted of 294 newly diagnosed preschool children with ASD. Children were assessed via a battery of developmental measures, including the PLS-4. Results: As expected, PLS-4 scores were higher in more intellectually able children with ASD, and overall, expressive communication was higher than auditory comprehension. However, this overall advantage was not stable across nonverbal developmental levels. Expressive skills were significantly better than receptive skills at the youngest developmental levels, whereas the converse applied in children with more advanced development. Conclusions: The PLS-4 can be used to obtain a general index of early syntax and semantic skill in young children with ASD. Longitudinal data will be necessary to determine how the developmental relationship between receptive and expressive language skills unfolds in children with ASD. C1 [Volden, Joanne; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Smith, Isabel M.; Bryson, Susan] Dalhousie Univ, IWK Hlth Ctr, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Szatmari, Peter; Georgiades, Stelios; Duku, Eric; Thompson, Ann] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Fombonne, Eric] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Mirenda, Pat] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Roberts, Wendy] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Vaillancourt, Tracy] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Waddell, Charlotte] Simon Fraser Univ, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Volden, J (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 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L., 1997, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0035) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 800RI UT WOS:000293382000004 PM 21478278 ER PT J AU Watson, JB Byrd, CT Carlo, EJ AF Watson, Jennifer B. Byrd, Courtney T. Carlo, Edna J. TI Effects of Length, Complexity, and Grammatical Correctness on Stuttering in Spanish-Speaking Preschool Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spanish; stuttering; utterance length; syntactic complexity; grammatical correctness ID CONVERSATIONAL UTTERANCES; SYNTACTIC COMPLEXITY; FUNCTION WORDS; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; PHONETIC COMPLEXITY; BILINGUAL SPEAKERS; NORMALLY FLUENT; DISFLUENCY DATA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPEECH AB Purpose: To explore the effects of utterance length, syntactic complexity, and grammatical correctness on stuttering in the spontaneous speech of young, monolingual Spanish-speaking children. Method: Spontaneous speech samples of 11 monolingual Spanish-speaking children who stuttered, ages 35 to 70 months, were examined. Mean number of syllables, total number of clauses, utterance complexity (i.e., containing no clauses, simple clauses, or subordinate and/or conjoined clauses), and grammatical correctness (i.e., the presence or absence of morphological and syntactical errors) in stuttered and fluent utterances were compared. Results: Findings revealed that stuttered utterances in Spanish tended to be longer and more often grammatically incorrect, and contain more clauses, including more subordinate and/or conjoined clauses. However, when controlling for the interrelatedness of syllable number and clause number and complexity, only utterance length and grammatical incorrectness were significant predictors of stuttering in the spontaneous speech of these Spanish-speaking children. Use of complex utterances did not appear to contribute to the prediction of stuttering when controlling for utterance length. Conclusions: Results from the present study were consistent with many earlier reports of English-speaking children. Both length and grammatical factors appear to affect stuttering in Spanish-speaking children. Grammatical errors, however, served as the greatest predictor of stuttering. C1 [Watson, Jennifer B.] Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Byrd, Courtney T.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Carlo, Edna J.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Watson, JB (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. 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K., 1935, PSYCHOBIOLOGY LANGUA NR 95 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0019) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 800RI UT WOS:000293382000005 PM 21622596 ER PT J AU Bothe, AK Richardson, JD AF Bothe, Anne K. Richardson, Jessica D. TI Statistical, Practical, Clinical, and Personal Significance: Definitions and Applications in Speech-Language Pathology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical significance; treatment outcomes; efficacy ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES; HEALTH-CARE; STUTTERING TREATMENTS; IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE; MEANINGFUL CHANGE; SOCIAL VALIDITY; FAST FORWORD; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SATISFACTION AB Purpose: To discuss constructs and methods related to assessing the magnitude and the meaning of clinical outcomes, with a focus on applications in speech-language pathology. Method: Professionals in medicine, allied health, psychology, education, and many other fields have long been concerned with issues referred to variously as practical significance, clinical significance, social validity, patient satisfaction, treatment effectiveness, or the meaningfulness or importance of beyond-clinic or real-world treatment outcomes. Existing literature addressing these issues from multiple disciplines was reviewed and synthesized. Conclusions: Practical significance, an adjunct to statistical significance, refers to the magnitude of a change or a difference between groups. The appropriate existing term for the interpretation of treatment outcomes, or the attribution of meaning or value to treatment outcomes, is clinical significance. To further distinguish between important constructs, the authors suggest incorporating as definitive the existing notion that clinical significance may refer to measures selected or interpreted by professionals or with respect to groups of clients. The term personal significance is introduced to refer to goals, variables, measures, and changes that are of demonstrated value to individual clients. C1 [Bothe, Anne K.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Richardson, Jessica D.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Bothe, AK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0034) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 800RI UT WOS:000293382000007 PM 21478279 ER PT J AU Baylor, C Hula, W Donovan, NJ Doyle, PJ Kendall, D Yorkston, K AF Baylor, Carolyn Hula, William Donovan, Neila J. Doyle, Patrick J. Kendall, Diane Yorkston, Kathryn TI An Introduction to Item Response Theory and Rasch Models for Speech-Language Pathologists SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE item response theory; outcomes measurement; Rasch model ID COMMUNICATIVE EFFECTIVENESS SURVEY; PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; HEALTH OUTCOMES; REHABILITATION; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE; RECOVERY; MULTILOG AB Purpose: To present a primarily conceptual introduction to item response theory (IRT) and Rasch models for speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Method: This tutorial introduces SLPs to basic concepts and terminology related to IRT as well as the most common IRT models. The article then continues with an overview of how instruments are developed using IRT and some basic principles of adaptive testing. Conclusion: IRT is a set of statistical methods that are increasingly used for developing instruments in speech-language pathology. While IRT is not new, its application in speech-language pathology to date has been relatively limited in scope. Several new IRT-based instruments are currently emerging. IRT differs from traditional methods for test development, typically referred to as classical test theory (CTT), in several theoretical and practical ways. Administration, scoring, and interpretation of IRT instruments are different from methods used for most traditional CTT instruments. SLPs will need to understand the basic concepts of IRT instruments to use these tools in their clinical and research work. This article provides an introduction to IRT concepts drawing on examples from speech-language pathology. C1 [Baylor, Carolyn; Kendall, Diane; Yorkston, Kathryn] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hula, William; Doyle, Patrick J.] VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Hula, William; Doyle, Patrick J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. 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D., 1997, ED MEASUREMENT ISSUE, V16, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-3992.1997.tb00606.x Wright BD, 1999, NEW RULES OF MEASUREMENT, P65 YEN WM, 1984, APPL PSYCH MEAS, V8, P125, DOI 10.1177/014662168400800201 YEN WM, 1993, J EDUC MEAS, V30, P187, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb00423.x Zimowski M. F., 2003, BILOG MG 3 COMPUTER NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 243 EP 259 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0079) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 800RI UT WOS:000293382000008 PM 21622595 ER PT J AU Preston, JL Seki, A AF Preston, Jonathan L. Seki, Ayumi TI Identifying Residual Speech Sound Disorders in Bilingual Children: A Japanese-English Case Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilingualism; articulation; residual speech sound disorders; assessment; speech motor control ID PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL APRAXIA; SPEAKING CHILDREN; SPANISH-SPEAKING; FOREIGN ACCENT; INTER-LANGUAGE; PERFORMANCE; SKILLS; ACCURACY; AWARENESS AB Purpose: To describe (a) the assessment of residual speech sound disorders (SSDs) in bilinguals by distinguishing speech patterns associated with second language acquisition from patterns associated with misarticulations and (b) how assessment of domains such as speech motor control and phonological awareness can provide a more complete understanding of SSDs in bilinguals. Method: A review of Japanese phonology is provided to offer a context for understanding the transfer of Japanese to English productions. A case study of an 11-year-old is presented, demonstrating parallel speech assessments in English and Japanese. Speech motor and phonological awareness tasks were conducted in both languages. Results: Several patterns were observed in the participant's English that could be plausibly explained by the influence of Japanese phonology. However, errors indicating a residual SSD were observed in both Japanese and English. A speech motor assessment suggested possible speech motor control problems, and phonological awareness was judged to be within the typical range of performance in both languages. Conclusion: Understanding the phonological characteristics of the native language can help clinicians recognize speech patterns in the second language associated with transfer. Once these differences are understood, patterns associated with a residual SSD can be identified. Supplementing a relational speech analysis with measures of speech motor control and phonological awareness can provide a more comprehensive understanding of a client's strengths and needs. C1 [Preston, Jonathan L.; Seki, Ayumi] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Preston, Jonathan L.] So Connecticut State Univ, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. [Seki, Ayumi] Tottori Univ, Tottori 680, Japan. RP Preston, JL (reprint author), Haskins Labs Inc, 270 Crown St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. 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N., 2006, SCREENING TEST READI Yavas M, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P49 NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0057) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900002 PM 21386046 ER PT J AU Kelly, RJ Robinson, GC AF Kelly, Rebecca J. Robinson, Gregory C. TI Disclosure of Membership in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community by Individuals With Communication Impairments: A Preliminary Web-Based Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LGBT; surveys; communication impairment ID HEALTH-CARE; SEXUAL IDENTITY; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; STATE AB Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to examine potential barriers to seeking services for communication impairments perceived by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. Specifically, this clinical survey investigated (a) the rate and importance of disclosure of membership in the LGBT community by people with communication impairments to their clinicians and (b) the perception of bias of audiologists and speech-language pathologists against LGBT individuals with communication impairments. Method: A total of 192 people identifying as LGBT with a communication impairment responded to a web-based survey. The survey contained questions about the respondents' demographic information, living situation, and experiences with clinical services for communication impairments. In addition, the survey contained open-ended comment sections. Results: There were differences in the responses of LGBT people with speech-language impairments and those with hearing impairments. The majority of respondents did not disclose their membership in the LGBT community, although they felt it was important. Most respondents reported perceiving bias toward a heterosexual orientation from their clinicians. Conclusions: Exploration of issues important to the LGBT community contributes to the growing emphasis on diversity and cultural competency in communication sciences and disorders. Specific clinical recommendations and directions for future research are discussed. C1 [Kelly, Rebecca J.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Robinson, Gregory C.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Univ Arkansas Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Kelly, RJ (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0060) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900003 PM 21393619 ER PT J AU Edeal, DM Gildersleeve-Neumann, CE AF Edeal, Denice Michelle Gildersleeve-Neumann, Christina Elke TI The Importance of Production Frequency in Therapy for Childhood Apraxia of Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE childhood apraxia of speech; motor learning; speech sound disorder; therapy; intensity ID RAT MOTOR CORTEX; DEVELOPMENTAL APRAXIA; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SKILL ACQUISITION; CHILDREN; PRINCIPLES; KNOWLEDGE; DISORDERS; EFFICACY; APHASIA AB Purpose: This study explores the importance of production frequency during speech therapy to determine whether more practice of speech targets leads to increased performance within a treatment session, as well as to motor learning, in the form of generalization to untrained words. Method: Two children with childhood apraxia of speech were treated with an alternating treatment AB design, with production frequency differing in the 2 treatments. The higher production frequency treatment required 100+ productions in 15 min, while the moderate-frequency treatment required 30-40 productions in the same time period. One child was treated 3 times weekly for 11 weeks; the other child was treated twice weekly for 5 weeks. At the conclusion of each treatment phase, 5 min of probes were administered to determine whether generalization had occurred. Maintenance data to measure performance and learning were collected after a break from treatment. Results: Both children showed improvement on all targets; however, the targets with the higher production frequency treatment were acquired faster, evidenced by better in-session performance and greater generalization to untrained probes. Conclusions: Both treatment designs were effective, though frequent and intense practice of speech resulted in more rapid response to treatment in 2 children whose primary communication difficulty was childhood apraxia of speech. C1 [Edeal, Denice Michelle; Gildersleeve-Neumann, Christina Elke] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Gildersleeve-Neumann, CE (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM cegn@pdx.edu CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, CHILDH APR SPEECH BADDELEY AD, 1978, ERGONOMICS, V21, P627, DOI 10.1080/00140137808931764 Ball LJ, 2002, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V10, P221 BALLARD KJ, 2001, PERSPECTIVES NEUROPH, V11, P13 BERMAN SS, 2007, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Betz SK, 2005, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V19, P53, DOI 10.1080/02699200412331325791 Caruso A. J., 1999, CLIN MANAGEMENT MOTO Chumpelik D., 1984, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V5, P139, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1085172 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Crary M. 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L., 2006, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V14, P35 Wambaugh JL, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P725 Warren SF, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P70, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20139 WULF G, 1989, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V15, P748, DOI 10.1037//0278-7393.15.4.748 Wulf G, 1997, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V23, P987, DOI 10.1037//0278-7393.23.4.987 Yorkston K. M., 1999, MANAGEMENT MOTOR SPE Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/09-0005) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900004 PM 21330650 ER PT J AU Romski, M Sevcik, RA Adamson, LB Smith, A Cheslock, M Bakeman, R AF Romski, MaryAnn Sevcik, Rose A. Adamson, Lauren B. Smith, Ashlyn Cheslock, Melissa Bakeman, Roger TI Parent Perceptions of the Language Development of Toddlers With Developmental Delays Before and After Participation in Parent-Coached Language Interventions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE early language intervention; assessment; parents; severe language disorders ID ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION; POSITIVE PERCEPTIONS; TEACHING PARENTS; DAILY ROUTINES; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; STRATEGIES; OUTCOMES; SUPPORT; MOTHERS AB Purpose: This study examined parent perception of early communication development before and after participation in language intervention. Method: Fifty-three parents of toddlers with developmental delays and fewer than 10 spoken words completed the Parent Perception of Language Development, an experimental measure, before and after the children were randomly assigned to a language intervention, 2 of which focused on augmented communication with a speech-generating device, and 1 of which focused exclusively on speech. Results: After intervention, the parents' perceptions of success became more positive. Their perceptions of the severity of the child's language difficulties decreased for the augmented interventions but increased for the spoken intervention. Child outcome correlated positively with success and negatively with difficulty, but only the correlation between number of spoken words and difficulty was statistically significant. Conclusions: Augmented language intervention may not only help the child communicate but also have a positive impact on parent perception of language development. C1 [Romski, MaryAnn; Sevcik, Rose A.; Adamson, Lauren B.; Smith, Ashlyn; Cheslock, Melissa; Bakeman, Roger] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Romski, M (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM mromski@gsu.edu CR Angelo D., 1995, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V11, P193, DOI 10.1080/07434619512331277319 Angelo D. H., 2000, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V16, P37, DOI 10.1080/07434610012331278894 Bailey RL, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V37, P50, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2006/006) Bernheimer LP, 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P219 Berry J., 1987, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3, DOI 10.1080/07434618712331274319 Beukelman D., 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3rd Binger C, 2008, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V24, P323, DOI 10.1080/07434610802130978 Brady N, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P353, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/033) Cohen J., 1983, APPL MULTIPLE REGRES, V2nd CRUTCHER D, 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, P365 Fey ME, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P526, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/039) GIROLAMETTO L E, 1986, Seminars in Speech and Language, V7, P367, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1085235 Hastings RP, 2002, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V15, P269, DOI 10.1046/j.1468-3148.2002.00104.x Hastings RP, 2002, AM J MENT RETARD, V107, P116, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0116:PPIFOC>2.0.CO;2 Head LS, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P293, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20169 HEMMETER ML, 1994, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V18, P269 Kaiser A. P., 2000, EARLY EDUC DEV, V11, P423, DOI 10.1207/s15566935eed1104_4 Kaiser AP, 2003, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V16, P9 Kaiser AP, 1996, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V16, P375 KAISER AP, 1998, INFANTS YOUNG CHILDR, V10, P4 Kashinath S, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P466, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/036) Kent-Walsh J, 2010, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V19, P97, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0014) Koegel LK, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P383, DOI 10.1023/A:1005539220932 McWilliam R. A., 2000, YOUNG EXCEPTIONAL CH, V2, P17 Miller J. F., 1985, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY Pennington L, 2009, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V52, P1121, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0187) Romski M, 2010, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V53, P350, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0156) Romski M. A., 2000, PARENT PERCEPT UNPUB Romski M. A., 1996, BREAKING SPEECH BARR Romski MA, 2005, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V18, P174 ROMSKI MA, 2007, EARLY CHILDHOOD SERV, V11, P840 SELIGMANWINE J, 2007, ASHA LEADER, V12, P17 SEVCIK RA, 2007, PERPECTIVES AUGMENTA, V16, P5 SMITH A, J EARLY INT IN PRESS Turnbull A.P., 1993, COGNITIVE COPING FAM Woods J, 2004, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V26, P175, DOI 10.1177/105381510402600302 WRIGHT JS, 1984, SEVERELY HANDICAPPED, P51 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/09-0087) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900005 PM 21330651 ER PT J AU McHenry, M AF McHenry, Monica TI An Exploration of Listener Variability in Intelligibility Judgments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intelligibility; listener variability; dysarthria ID DYSARTHRIA; VOICE; SPEECH; RELIABILITY; AGREEMENT; RATINGS AB Purpose: This study was designed to assess potential contributors to listener variability in judgments of intelligibility. Method: A total of 228 unfamiliar everyday listeners judged speech samples from 3 individuals with dysarthria. Samples were the single-word phonetic contrast test, the Sentence Intelligibility Test, an unpredictable sentence intelligibility test, and conversational speech. Results: Across speakers, significant variability was found for all samples except the phonetic contrast test. Across tasks, significant variability was found for all speakers. There were no significant differences in age, gender, or education between the highest and lowest scoring listeners on the phonetic contrast test. Conclusions: These findings suggest that seemingly objective intelligibility tests are subject to a number of factors that affect scores. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP McHenry, M (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM mmchenry@uh.edu CR Bunton K, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P1481, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/102) Eadie TL, 2010, J VOICE, V24, P93, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.04.008 Eadie TL, 2006, J VOICE, V20, P527, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.007 Fonville S, 2008, J NEUROL, V255, P1545, DOI 10.1007/s00415-008-0978-4 Frearson B., 1985, AUSTR J HUMAN COMMUN, V13, P5 Kempster GB, 2009, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V18, P124, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0017) KENT RD, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P482 Kreiman J, 2007, J ACOUST SOC AM, V122, P2354, DOI 10.1121/1.2770547 Kreiman J, 2005, J ACOUST SOC AM, V117, P2201, DOI 10.1121/1.1858351 McHenry MA, 2006, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V14, P269 Munoz J, 2002, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V94, P1187 Tjaden K. K., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P39 Watterson T, 2007, J COMMUN DISORD, V40, P503, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.02.002 Weismer G, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P421, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/033) Whitehill TL, 2006, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V14, P335 Yorkston K. M., 2007, SPEECH INTELLIGIBILI Ziegler W, 2008, J COMMUN DISORD, V41, P553, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.05.001 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/10-0059) PG 5 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900006 PM 21317298 ER PT J AU Doeltgen, SH Macrae, P Huckabee, ML AF Doeltgen, Sebastian H. Macrae, Phoebe Huckabee, Maggie-Lee TI Pharyngeal Pressure Generation During Tongue-Hold Swallows Across Age Groups SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pharyngeal manometry; tongue-hold maneuver; pharyngeal pressure; aging ID UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; OLDER-ADULTS; DYSPHAGIA; STRENGTH; GENDER; SIZE; MEN AB Purpose: To compare the effects of the tongue-hold swallowing maneuver on pharyngeal pressure generation in healthy young and elderly research volunteers. Method: Sixty-eight healthy research volunteers (young, n = 34, mean age = 26.8 years, SD = 5.5; elderly, n = 34, mean age = 72.6 years, SD = 4.8; sex equally represented) performed 5 noneffortful saliva swallows and 5 tongue-hold swallows each. Amplitude and duration of pharyngeal pressure were investigated during both swallowing conditions with solid-state pharyngeal manometry at the level of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES). Results: At both pharyngeal levels, tongue-hold swallows produced lower peak pressure compared with saliva swallows. During tongue-hold swallows, UES relaxation pressure was increased in the elders, whereas the younger group displayed a trend toward reduced relaxation pressure. Elderly individuals produced pressure longer during control swallows in the oropharynx and hypopharynx than young individuals. Conclusions: The tongue-hold maneuver affects oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal pressure in the young and elders in similar ways, whereas effects on UES peak relaxation pressure differ between age groups. Reduced pharyngeal peak pressure and increased UES relaxation pressure underscore the notion that tongue-hold swallows should not be performed when bolus is present. Long-term training effects remain to be investigated. C1 [Doeltgen, Sebastian H.; Macrae, Phoebe; Huckabee, Maggie-Lee] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Doeltgen, Sebastian H.; Macrae, Phoebe; Huckabee, Maggie-Lee] Van der Veer Inst Parkinsons & Brain Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Doeltgen, Sebastian H.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Doeltgen, SH (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM sebastian.doeltgen@adelaide.edu.au CR Bardan E., 2006, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V290, P458 BROOKS LJ, 1992, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V146, P1394 BROWN WF, 1988, MUSCLE NERVE, V11, P423, DOI 10.1002/mus.880110503 Burkhead LM, 2007, DYSPHAGIA, V22, P251, DOI 10.1007/s00455-006-9074-z Butler SG, 2011, DYSPHAGIA, V26, P225, DOI 10.1007/s00455-010-9290-4 Butler SG, 2009, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V118, P190 Castell J. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0067) PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900007 PM 21386045 ER PT J AU Edmonds, LA Babb, M AF Edmonds, Lisa A. Babb, Michelle TI Effect of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment in Moderate-to-Severe Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; verbs; treatment; VNeST; sentences ID SEMANTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS; EVALUATING TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; BRAIN POTENTIALS; RETRIEVAL; ADULTS; DEMENTIA; SPEAKERS; NOUNS AB Purpose: This Phase II treatment study examined the effect of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) on individuals with moderate-to-severe aphasia. Research questions addressed (a) pre- to posttreatment changes and pretreatment to treatment phase changes on probe sentences containing trained verbs (e. g., "The carpenter is measuring the stairs") and semantically related untrained verbs (e. g., "The nurse is weighing the baby"); (b) lexical retrieval changes in single-word naming, sentence, and discourse measures; (c) functional communication by way of proxy and participant report; and (d) error evolution. Method: A multiple-baseline approach across participants was used. Effect sizes were calculated for pre- and posttreatment and maintenance probe responses. A C statistic was used to determine changes from the baseline to treatment phases. Results: One participant exhibited improvement on all generalization measures, whereas the other participant exhibited more limited generalization. Both participants showed improvement on the functional communication measure. Conclusions: As predicted, the participants did not show the same extent of improvement that was observed in participants with more moderate aphasia (Edmonds, Nadeu, & Kiran, 2009). Nonetheless, the findings suggest that VNeST may be appropriate for persons with moderate-to-severe aphasia, especially with a small adaptation to the treatment protocol that will be retained for future iterations of VNeST. C1 [Edmonds, Lisa A.; Babb, Michelle] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Edmonds, LA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0036) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900008 PM 21386047 ER PT J AU Anthony, JL Aghara, RG Dunkelberger, MJ Anthony, TI Williams, JM Zhang, Z AF Anthony, Jason L. Aghara, Rachel Greenblatt Dunkelberger, Martha J. Anthony, Teresa I. Williams, Jeffrey M. Zhang, Zhou TI What Factors Place Children With Speech Sound Disorders at Risk for Reading Problems? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech sound disorders; articulation; phonological awareness; phonological representation; reading ID DEVELOPMENTAL PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; TEACH PHONEMIC AWARENESS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; FOLLOW-UP; DYSLEXIC-CHILDREN; LITERACY SKILLS; VOCABULARY SIZE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; REPRESENTATIONS AB Purpose: To identify weaknesses in print awareness and phonological processing that place children with speech sound disorders (SSDs) at increased risk for reading difficulties. Method: Language, literacy, and phonological skills of 3 groups of preschool-age children were compared: a group of 68 children with SSDs, a group of 68 peers with normal speech matched on receptive vocabulary, and a group of 68 peers with normal speech and language. Results: The SSD group demonstrated impairments in expressive phonological awareness (ts = 3.45 to 8.17, ps <.001, effect size [ES] = 0.51 to 1.04), receptive phonological awareness (zs = 2.26 to 5.21, ps <= .02, ES = 0.39 to 0.79), accessing phonological representations (zs = 3.34 to 5.83, ps <.001, ES = 0.59 to 0.91), quality of phonological representations (zs = 2.35 to 13.11, ps <= .02, ES = 0.44 to 1.56), and word reading (ts = 2.48 to 4.42, ps <= .01, ES = 0.22 to 0.54). Analyses of covariance found that lower performances of the SSD group on tests of phonological awareness and word reading could be explained by their weaknesses in quality and accessibility of phonological representations. Conclusions: The present study makes a significant theoretical contribution to the literature as the first study, to our knowledge, that has tested the hypothesis that weaknesses in representation-related phonological processing may underlie the difficulties in phonological awareness and reading that are demonstrated by children with SSDs. C1 [Anthony, Jason L.; Aghara, Rachel Greenblatt; Anthony, Teresa I.; Williams, Jeffrey M.; Zhang, Zhou] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Aghara, Rachel Greenblatt; Dunkelberger, Martha J.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Anthony, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. EM jason.l.anthony@uth.tmc.edu CR Adams M. 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H., 2004, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Williams VSL, 1999, J EDUC BEHAV STAT, V24, P42, DOI 10.2307/1165261 Wolf M, 1999, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V91, P415, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.415 NR 91 TC 10 Z9 10 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 146 EP 160 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0053) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 757ML UT WOS:000290089900009 PM 21478282 ER PT J AU Fidler, LJ Plante, E Vance, R AF Fidler, Lesley J. Plante, Elena Vance, Rebecca TI Identification of Adults With Developmental Language Impairments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; adults; specific language impairment; learning disability ID LEARNING-DISABILITIES; FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; DISABLED ADULTS; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; SLI; INFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE AB Purpose: To assess the utility of a wide range of language measures (phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics) for the identification of adults with developmental language impairment. Method: Measures were administered to 3 groups of adults, each representing a population expected to demonstrate high levels of language impairment, and to matched control groups. Results: Three measures were the strongest contributors to identification of language impairment in the 3 groups of adults. These measures, combined, maximized identification of members of the clinical groups as having impaired language (sensitivity) and members of the control groups as having typical language (specificity). Conclusion: This suggests that a relatively brief battery could have utility for identifying developmental language impairment during the adult years. C1 [Plante, Elena] Univ Arizona, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Plante, E (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, POB 210071, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0096) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 715GP UT WOS:000286871100002 PM 20739630 ER PT J AU Furey, JE AF Furey, Joan E. TI Production and Maternal Report of 16-and 18-Month-Olds' Vocabulary in Low- and Middle-Income Families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vocabulary; socioeconomic status; toddlers ID COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY; CHILD LANGUAGE; TODDLERS; VALIDITY; PARENTS AB Purpose: To compare maternal report of children's vocabularies on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories Words and Gestures form (CDI: WG; Fenson et al., 1993) with spontaneous production data in both low-and middle-income families. Method: As part of a longitudinal investigation, language samples were gathered from 23 mother-child dyads based on Stoel-Gammon's (1987) protocol for the Language Production Scale when the children were 16 and 18 months of age. The mothers also completed the CDI: WG at both visits. The words that the children produced were compared with those the mothers reported on the vocabulary checklist, with family income and vocabulary size as grouping factors. Results: Maternal reporting did not differ as a function of socioeconomic status but did increase from 16 to 18 months. Conclusions: The vocabulary differences observed on the CDI: WG for children from low-income families do not appear to be a reflection of inaccurate maternal reporting. Further research is needed to determine whether these findings will generalize more broadly. C1 Coll Wooster, Dept Commun, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Furey, JE (reprint author), Coll Wooster, Dept Commun, Wishart Hall, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. 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H., 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL, V4th Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th Zimmerman I, 1991, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0073) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 715GP UT WOS:000286871100005 PM 21060116 ER PT J AU Muttiah, N Georges, K Brackenbury, T AF Muttiah, Nimisha Georges, Katie Brackenbury, Tim TI Clinical and Research Perspectives on Nonspeech Oral Motor Treatments and Evidence-Based Practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical practice; speech therapy; qualitative research; controversial therapies ID SPEECH SOUND DISORDERS; CHILD LANGUAGE INTERVENTION; PHONOLOGICAL TREATMENT; MULTIPLE OPPOSITIONS; TREATMENT EFFICACY; GUIDELINES; EXERCISES; BARRIERS; SCHOOLS AB Purpose: Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves the incorporation of research evidence, clinical expertise, and client values in clinical decision making. One case in which these factors conflict is the use of nonspeech oral motor treatments (NSOMTs) for children with developmental speech sound disorders. Critical reviews of the research evidence suggest that NSOMTs are not valid, yet they are widely used by clinicians based on their expertise/experience. This investigation presents detailed descriptions of clinicians' and researchers' views and opinions on NSOMTs and EBP. Method: Individual interviews with 11 clinicians who use NSOMTs and 11 researchers in child phonology were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and organized into themes, following a phenomenological research design. Results: Five themes were identified: (a) NSOMTs are effective, (b) EBP is useful, (c) there is no published research supporting NSOMTs, (d) research evidence may change clinical use of NSOMTs, and (e) researchers and clinicians have separate but shared roles in clinical decision making. Conclusions: The participants' responses provided detailed and complex insights into each group's decisions regarding NSOMTs. These responses also suggested questions that should be considered when making decisions about approaches that are not fully supported by EBP. C1 [Muttiah, Nimisha; Georges, Katie; Brackenbury, Tim] Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Brackenbury, T (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, 200 Hlth Ctr Bldg, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM tbracke@bgsu.edu CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2009, EARN ASHA CEUS *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2009, COD ETH *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2010, ASHA N CEP EV BAS SY American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI BANOTAI A, 2007, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V17, P6 Brackenbury T, 2008, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V39, P78, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/008) Bunton Kate, 2008, Seminars in Speech and Language, V29, P267, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1103390 Clark Heather M., 2008, Seminars in Speech and Language, V29, P276, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1103391 Creswell J. W., 2008, ED RES PLANNING COND, V3rd Creswell JW, 1998, QUALITATIVE INQUIRY Davis B. L., 2000, INFANT TODDLER INTER, V10, P177 Dollaghan C. A., 2007, HDB EVIDENCE BASED P Dollaghan CA, 2004, J COMMUN DISORD, V37, P391, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.002 Duchan JF, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P133, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/011) Fey ME, 1998, TOP LANG DISORD, V18, P23 Forrest Karen, 2002, Seminars in Speech and Language, V23, P15, DOI 10.1055/s-2002-23508 Forrest Karen, 2008, Seminars in Speech and Language, V29, P304, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1103394 GALLAGHER TM, 2002, PERSPECTIVES LANGUAG, V1, P2 GIERUT JA, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P9 GIERUT JA, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V33, P540 Gierut JA, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, pS85 Gierut JA, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P229, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/021) Gierut JA, 1996, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V27, P215 Gillam SL, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V37, P304, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2006/035) HODGE M, 2005, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Hodson B, 1991, TARGETING INTELLIGIB Hodson B., 1983, TARGETING INTELLIGIB Johnson CJ, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P20, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/004) Justice L. M., 2004, ASHA LEADER, V9, P4 JUSTICE LM, 2004, ASHA LEADER, V9, P30 Lass NJ, 2008, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V39, P408, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/038) Leinhardt Gaea, 1994, TEACHING LEARNING HI, P27 LOF GL, 2007, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Lof GL, 2008, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V39, P392, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/037) LOF GL, 2006, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Lof GL, 2003, PERSPECTIVES LANGUAG, V10, P7, DOI 10.1044/lle10.1.7 Love RJ, 2000, CHILDHOOD MOTOR SPEE MARSHALLA P, 2007, ORAL MOTOR I, V1 MARSHALLA P, 2008, ORAL MOTOR I, V2 Maxwell J. A., 2005, QUALITATIVE RES DESI McCauley RJ, 2009, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V18, P343, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/09-0006) Meline T, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P273, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/023) Miles Matthew B., 1994, QUALITATIVE DATA ANA Moore CA, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1034 Moustakas C., 1994, PHENOMENOLOGICAL RES Rosenfeld-Johnson S., 1999, ORAL MOTOR EXERCISES ROSENFELDJOHNSO.S, 2007, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Ruscello DM, 2008, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V39, P380, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/036) Sackett D, 2000, EVIDENCE BASED MED P Watson MM, 2009, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V40, P256, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0021) Williams AL, 2000, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V9, P289 Williams AL, 2000, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V9, P282 Wilson Erin M., 2008, Seminars in Speech and Language, V29, P257, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1103389 Yorkston KM, 2001, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V9, P243 Zipoli RP, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P208, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/021) NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0106) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 715GP UT WOS:000286871100006 PM 21173395 ER PT J AU Patten, E Watson, LR AF Patten, Elena Watson, Linda R. TI Interventions Targeting Attention in Young Children With Autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; attention; intervention ID JOINT ATTENTION; SPECTRUM-DISORDERS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SYMBOLIC PLAY; INFANTS; LANGUAGE; ATTENTIVENESS; RECOGNITION; TODDLERS AB Purpose: The ability to focus and sustain one's attention is critical for learning. Children with autism demonstrate unusual characteristics of attention from infancy. It is reasonable to assume that early anomalies in attention influence a child's developmental trajectories. Therapeutic interventions for autism often focus on core features of autism such as communication and socialization, while very few interventions specifically address attention. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians a description of attention characteristics in children with autism and discuss interventions thought to improve attention. Method: Characteristics of attention in children with autism are presented. Intervention studies featuring measures of attention as an outcome variable for young children with autism are reviewed to present interventions that have empirical evidence for improvements in attention. Results are synthesized by strategy, specific feature of attention targeted, and results for both habilitative goals and accommodations for attention. Conclusion: Although research is not extensive, several strategies to support attention in young children with autism have been investigated. The empirical findings regarding these strategies can inform evidence-based practice. C1 [Patten, Elena; Watson, Linda R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Patten, E (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 313 Ferguson Bldg, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0081) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 715GP UT WOS:000286871100007 PM 20739632 ER PT J AU Zraick, RI Kempster, GB Connor, NP Thibeault, S Klaben, BK Bursac, Z Thrush, CR Glaze, LE AF Zraick, Richard I. Kempster, Gail B. Connor, Nadine P. Thibeault, Susan Klaben, Bernice K. Bursac, Zoran Thrush, Carol R. Glaze, Leslie E. TI Establishing Validity of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice; CAPE-V; voice; voice assessment ID QUALITY ASSESSMENT; DYSPHONIC VOICE; RELIABILITY; LISTENERS; SEVERITY; RATINGS; SCALES; GRBAS AB Purpose: The Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) was developed to provide a protocol and form for clinicians to use when assessing the voice quality of adults with voice disorders (Kempster, Gerratt, Verdolini Abbott, Barkmeier-Kramer, & Hillman, 2009). This study examined the reliability and the empirical validity of the CAPE-V when used by experienced voice clinicians judging normal and disordered voices. Method: The validity of the CAPE-V was examined in 2 ways. First, we compared judgments made by 21 raters of 22 normal and 37 disordered voices using the CAPE-V and the GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain; see Hirano, 1981) scales. Second, we compared our raters' judgments of overall severity to a priori consensus judgments of severity for the 59 voices. Results: Intrarater reliability coefficients for the CAPE-V ranged from .82 for breathiness to .35 for strain; interrater reliability ranged from .76 for overall severity to .28 for pitch. Conclusions: Although both CAPE-V and GRBAS reliability coefficients varied across raters and parameters, this study reports slightly improved rater reliability using the CAPE-V to make perceptual judgments of voice quality in comparison to the GRBAS scale. The results provide evidence for the empirical (concurrent) validity of the CAPE-V. C1 [Zraick, Richard I.; Bursac, Zoran; Thrush, Carol R.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Kempster, Gail B.] Rush Univ, Oak Pk, IL USA. [Connor, Nadine P.; Thibeault, Susan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Klaben, Bernice K.] Univ Cincinnati Phys, W Chester, OH USA. [Glaze, Leslie E.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Zraick, RI (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Mail Slot 772,4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM zraickrichardi@uams.edu CR Awan SN, 2009, J VOICE, V23, P341, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.10.006 Bangayan P, 1997, SPEECH COMMUN, V22, P343, DOI 10.1016/S0167-6393(97)00032-0 Behrman A, 2005, J VOICE, V19, P454, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.08.004 Carding PN, 2009, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V123, P823, DOI 10.1017/S0022215109005398 CARMINES EG, 1979, QUANTITATIVE APPL SO, P9 Chan KMK, 2006, J VOICE, V20, P229, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.03.007 Cook D.A., 2006, AM J MED, V119, P166, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.AMJMED.2005.10.036 CRONBACH LJ, 1955, PSYCHOL BULL, V52, P281, DOI 10.1037/h0040957 DeBodt MS, 1997, J VOICE, V11, P74, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80026-4 DEJONCKERE PH, 1993, FOLIA PHONIATR, V45, P76 DEKROM G, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P985 DELYISKI DD, 2005, LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO, V30, P55 DeVon HA, 2007, J NURS SCHOLARSHIP, V39, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00161.x Eadie TL, 2006, J VOICE, V20, P527, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.007 Gerratt BR, 2001, J ACOUST SOC AM, V110, P2560, DOI 10.1121/1.1409969 GORODETSKY R, 1992, INT J RADIAT BIOL, V61, P539, DOI 10.1080/09553009214551301 HARSHBARGER TR, 1977, INTRO STAT DECISION Hirano M, 1981, CLIN EXAMINATION VOI Karnell MP, 2007, J VOICE, V21, P576, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.05.001 Kelchner LN, 2010, J VOICE, V24, P441, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.09.004 Kelly PA, 2005, HEALTH SERV RES, V40, P1605, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00445.x Kempster GB, 2009, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V18, P124, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0017) Kent RD, 1996, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V5, P7, DOI DOI 10.1044/1058-0360.0503.07 Kreiman J, 1998, J ACOUST SOC AM, V104, P1598, DOI 10.1121/1.424372 Kreiman J, 2007, J ACOUST SOC AM, V122, P2354, DOI 10.1121/1.2770547 Kreiman J, 2000, J ACOUST SOC AM, V108, P1867, DOI 10.1121/1.1289362 KREIMAN J, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P21 Kreiman J, 1996, J ACOUST SOC AM, V100, P1787, DOI 10.1121/1.416074 Lazarus CL, 2009, CURR OPIN OTOLARYNGO, V17, P172, DOI 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832af12f Marks L E., 1998, MEASUREMENT JUDGMENT, P81, DOI 10.1016/B978-012099975-0.50004-X Sechrest L, 2005, HEALTH SERV RES, V40, P1584, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00043.x Shadish WR, 2002, EXPT QUASI EXPT DESI Shrivastav R, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P323, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/022) SHROUT PE, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P420, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.2.420 Stevens S. S., 1975, PSYCHOPHYSICS VERDOLINI K, 2006, CLASSIFICATION MAN 1 Webb AL, 2004, EUR ARCH OTO-RHINO-L, V261, P429, DOI 10.1007/s00405-003-0707-7 Winer B.J., 1971, STAT PRINCIPLES EXPT Zraick RI, 2005, J VOICE, V19, P574, DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.08.009 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0105) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 715GP UT WOS:000286871100003 PM 20739631 ER PT J AU Youmans, G Youmans, SR Hancock, AB AF Youmans, Gina Youmans, Scott R. Hancock, Adrienne B. TI Script Training Treatment for Adults With Apraxia of Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE script training; apraxia of speech; motor learning ID GENERALIZED MOTOR PROGRAM; LIMB APRAXIA; STROKE; REHABILITATION; RECOVERY AB Purpose: Outcomes of script training for individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS) and mild anomic aphasia were investigated. Script training is a functional treatment that has been successful for individuals with aphasia but has not been applied to individuals with AOS. Principles of motor learning were incorporated into training to promote long-term retention of scripts. Method: Three individuals with AOS completed script training. A multiple-baseline, across-behaviors design examined acquisition of client-selected scripts. Errors and speaking rates were also analyzed. Random practice and delayed feedback were incorporated into training to promote motor learning. Probes for long-term retention were elicited up to 6 months after treatment. Results: All clients successfully acquired their scripts, and probes demonstrated script retention 6 months after treatment. Errors generally decreased but remained variable even during maintenance and retention probes. Speaking rate increased for 2 clients but also remained variable. Conclusions: Script training was successful and functional for clients with AOS. Clients reported increased confidence, speaking ease, and speech naturalness. Although scripts did not become errorless, clients retained their scripts and reported using them frequently. Whether principles of motor learning may have promoted the long-term retention of scripts exhibited by participants must be determined through future research. C1 [Youmans, Gina] Long Isl Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Hancock, Adrienne B.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Youmans, G (reprint author), Long Isl Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 1 Univ Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. EM gina.youmans@liu.edu CR Adams SG, 2002, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V10, P215 Austermann Hula Shannon N, 2008, J Speech Lang Hear Res, V51, P1088, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/06-0042) Buxbaum LJ, 2008, AM J PHYS MED REHAB, V87, P149, DOI 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31815e6727 CHERNEY R, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P19 Clark HM, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P400, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/086) Dabul B. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 20 IS 1 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0085) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 715GP UT WOS:000286871100004 PM 20739633 ER PT J AU Olin, AR Reichle, J Johnson, L Monn, E AF Olin, Andrea Rachelle Reichle, Joe Johnson, LeAnne Monn, Emily TI Examining Dynamic Visual Scene Displays: Implications for Arranging and Teaching Symbol Selection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); intervention; preschoolers; visual scene display ID AAC TECHNOLOGIES; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; LAYOUTS; MODEL AB Purpose: Evidence supports using visual scene displays (VSDs) with young children using speech-generating devices. This study examined initial and subsequent performance during VSD use by children age 24-27 and 33-36 months to explore child characteristics that may relate to navigational skill differences. Method: Children located 9 vocabulary items using a dynamic VSD. Tests of mean difference and analyses of variance were both completed to examine within-and between-age-group performance for accuracy and latency across 3 time points: at initial exposure, at criterion, and at a 2-week maintenance session for each of 2 linked navigational pages. Results: Results indicated that, at initial exposure, older participants' symbol selections were significantly more accurate and significantly faster when navigating through each page of a 2-page dynamic VSD. Results also indicated that though younger participants required significantly more sessions to achieve mastery, when the effects of practice and language comprehension were controlled, performance differences between age groups were not found when maintenance was evaluated. Conclusions: Older children perform better than younger children on initial opportunities. However, younger children learn to use VSDs in relatively few instructional opportunities, suggesting that VSDs can be used with children as young as 2 years of age. C1 [Reichle, Joe] Univ Minnesota, Dept Commun Disorders, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Reichle, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Commun Disorders, 115 Shevlin Hall,164 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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TI Cross-Language Nonword Repetition by Bilingual and Monolingual Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language disorders; sequential bilingualism; assessment procedures; specific language impairment ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; PHONOLOGICAL WORKING-MEMORY; FOREIGN-LANGUAGE; IMPAIRMENT SLI; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PHONOTACTIC PROBABILITY; VOCABULARY ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; WORD; 2ND-LANGUAGE AB Purpose: Identifying children with primary or specific language impairment (LI) in languages other than English continues to present a diagnostic challenge. This study examined the utility of English and Spanish nonword repetition (NWR) to identify children known to have LI. Method: Participants were 4 groups of school-age children (N = 187). There were 2 typically developing groups: proficient Spanish-English sequential bilinguals and monolingual English speakers. There were 2 groups of children with LI, one Spanish-English and the other monolingual English speakers. Children participated in both English and Spanish NWR. Results: Children's NWR performance was significantly correlated across languages. In English NWR, the 2 groups with LI had lower accuracy at the longest syllable length than the 2 typically developing groups. In Spanish NWR, monolingual children with LI had lower repetition accuracy than bilingual children with LI and typical monolingual children, with all 3 groups outperformed by the typical bilingual group. Likelihood ratios indicated adequate diagnostic power only for English NWR in ruling out the typical bilingual children as showing LI. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that NWR performance relies on the dual influences of LI and native language experience. However, it remains possible that NWR is useful in a composite marker for LI. C1 [Windsor, Jennifer] Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Windsor, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, 115 Shevlin Hall,164 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0064) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 674BW UT WOS:000283709500002 PM 20601622 ER PT J AU White, AR Carney, E Reichle, J AF White, Aubrey Randall Carney, Edward Reichle, Joe TI Group-Item and Directed Scanning: Examining Preschoolers' Accuracy and Efficiency in Two Augmentative Communication Symbol Selection Methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); scanning; selection techniques AB Purpose: The current investigation compared directed scanning and group-itemscanning among typically developing 4-year-old children. Of specific interest were their accuracy, selection speed, and efficiency of cursor movement in selecting colored line drawn symbols representing object vocabulary. Method: Twelve 4-year-olds made selections in both directed and group-item scanning conditions using a 36-symbol array that required matching line drawn symbols to pictures. Results: The majority of participants took more time in the directed scanning condition. Though not statistically significant, participants tended to be more accurate in their use of directed scanning. The cursor movements required (as a proportion of optimal cursor movements) were similar for both scanning selection techniques. Conclusions: Among typically developing 4-year-olds, there appears to be a trade-off between speed and accuracy in symbol selection when using directed or group-item scanning. Better accuracy with directed scanning appears to come at the cost of a slower response time. Whereas group-item scanning may be faster, it results in a decreased number of accurate responses. Applications for clinical practice and implications for future research are discussed. C1 [White, Aubrey Randall; Carney, Edward; Reichle, Joe] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP White, AR (reprint author), 5032 Oliver Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55419 USA. EM whit0950@umn.edu CR ALLEN HF, 1957, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V44, P38 Beukelman D., 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3rd Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd DOWDEN P, 2002, EXEMPLARY PRACTICES, P395 Dropik PL, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P35, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/004) Dunn L. 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PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0017) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 674BW UT WOS:000283709500003 PM 20601623 ER PT J AU Arvedson, J Clark, H Lazarus, C Schooling, T Frymark, T AF Arvedson, Joan Clark, Heather Lazarus, Cathy Schooling, Tracy Frymark, Tobi TI Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Oral Motor Interventions on Feeding and Swallowing in Preterm Infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swallowing disorders; prematurity; evidence-based systematic review; oral motor interventions ID NON-NUTRITIVE SUCKING; NONNUTRITIVE SUCKING; CONTROLLED-TRIALS; STIMULATION PROGRAM; PREMATURE-INFANTS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; QUALITY; CARE; RISK; METAANALYSIS AB Purpose: To conduct an evidence-based systematic review and provide an estimate of the effects of oral motor interventions (OMIs) on feeding/swallowing outcomes (both physiological and functional) and pulmonary health in preterm infants. Method: A systematic search of the literature published from 1960 to 2007 was conducted. Articles meeting the selection criteria were appraised by 2 reviewers and vetted by a 3rd for methodological quality. Results: Twelve studies were included and focused on 3 OMIs-nonnutritive sucking (NNS), oral/perioral stimulation, and NNS plus oral/perioral stimulation. Six studies addressed the effects of OMI on the feeding/swallowing physiology outcomes of feeding efficiency or sucking pressures. Ten studies addressed the functional feeding/swallowing outcomes of oral feeding or weight gain/growth. No studies reported data on pulmonary health. Methodological quality varied greatly. NNS alone and with oral/perioral stimulation showed strong positive findings for improvement in some feeding/swallowing physiology variables and for reducing transition time to oral feeding. Prefeeding stimulation showed equivocal results across the targeted outcomes. None of the OMIs provided consistent positive results on weight gain/growth. Conclusions: Although some OMIs show promise for enhancing feeding/swallowing in preterm infants, methodological limitations and variations in results across studies warrant careful consideration of their clinical use. C1 [Schooling, Tracy] Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc, Natl Ctr Evidence Based Practice Commun Disorders, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Arvedson, Joan] Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Arvedson, Joan] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Clark, Heather] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Lazarus, Cathy] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Schooling, T (reprint author), Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc, Natl Ctr Evidence Based Practice Commun Disorders, 2200 Res Blvd 245, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 321 EP 340 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0067) PG 20 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 674BW UT WOS:000283709500004 PM 20622046 ER PT J AU van Kleeck, A Schuele, CM AF van Kleeck, Anne Schuele, C. Melanie TI Historical Perspectives on Literacy in Early Childhood SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE family role; preschools; literacy ID READING READINESS; CHILDREN; EDUCATION; LANGUAGE; PRINT AB Purpose: To more fully understand current trends in preliteracy research, as well as controversies that continue to surround best teaching practices, it is essential to have an understanding of the historical evolution of ideas and practices relevant to preparing young children for learning to read. Method: Several interrelated historical movements relevant to placing current research and practices related to preliteracy development in context are reviewed. These ideas play out in the interrelated and changing ideas regarding the role of the family in children's literacy development, as well as in the appropriate curriculum for preschoolers. Both historical reviews and original documents pertinent to the various historical trends are used to provide the current synthesis. Conclusions: The roots of most current practices during, and controversies regarding, the preliteracy period of development can be traced to a variety of different historical events, as well as to prominent philosophers and educators. Familiarity with these events, philosophers, and educators provides the perspective needed to effectively evaluate new information and approaches that come to the forefront, or that are currently being practiced by different groups or in different settings. 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J., 2004, HEAD START DEBATES, P251 Whitehurst G. J., 2001, HDB EARLY LITERACY R, P11 Zigler E., 1979, PROJECT HEAD START L NR 102 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 341 EP 355 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0038) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 674BW UT WOS:000283709500005 PM 20581109 ER PT J AU Svec, JG Granqvist, S AF Svec, Jan G. Granqvist, Svante TI Guidelines for Selecting Microphones for Human Voice Production Research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE voice; measurement; microphones; requirements ID PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS; FEMALE TEACHERS; RANGE PROFILES; INSTABILITIES; PHONIATRICS; PARAMETERS; COMMITTEE; PRESSURE; SPEAKING; REGISTER AB Purpose: This tutorial addresses fundamental characteristics of microphones (frequency response, frequency range, dynamic range, and directionality), which are important for accurate measurements of voice and speech. Method: Technical and voice literature was reviewed and analyzed. The following recommendations on desirable microphone characteristics were formulated: The frequency response of microphones should be flat (i.e., variation of less than 2 dB) within the frequency range between the lowest expected fundamental frequency of voice and the highest spectral component of interest. The equivalent noise level of the microphones is recommended to be at least 15 dB lower than the sound level of the softest phonations. The upper limit of the dynamic range of the microphone should be above the sound level of the loudest phonations. Directional microphones should be placed at the distance that corresponds to their maximally flat frequency response, to avoid the proximity effect; otherwise, they will be unsuitable for spectral and level measurements. Numerical values for these recommendations were derived for the microphone distances of 30 cm and 5 cm. Conclusions: The recommendations, while preliminary and in need of further numerical justification, should provide the basis for better accuracy and repeatability of studies on voice and speech production in the future. C1 [Svec, Jan G.] Palacky Univ Olomouc, Fac Sci, Dept Expt Phys, Biophys Lab, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Granqvist, Svante] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Svec, JG (reprint author), Palacky Univ Olomouc, Fac Sci, Dept Expt Phys, Biophys Lab, 17 Listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 356 EP 368 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0091) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 674BW UT WOS:000283709500006 PM 20601621 ER PT J AU Kaderavek, JN Justice, LM AF Kaderavek, Joan N. Justice, Laura M. TI Fidelity: An Essential Component of Evidence-Based Practice in Speech-Language Pathology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; fidelity; intervention; clinical practice ID PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS INTERVENTION; SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTIONS; APPLIED-BEHAVIOR-ANALYSIS; TREATMENT INTEGRITY; CHILDREN; IMPLEMENTATION; CURRICULUM; PREVENTION; EDUCATION; LITERACY AB Purpose: To provide a primer regarding treatment fidelity as it affects evidence-based practice (EBP) for speech-language pathologists. Method: This tutorial defines treatment fidelity, examines the role of treatment fidelity for speech-language pathologists, provides examples of fidelity measurement, and describes approaches for assessing treatment fidelity. Conclusion: Treatment fidelity is a neglected construct in the EBP literature; however, fidelity is a crucial construct for documenting intervention effectiveness and engaging in EBP. C1 [Kaderavek, Joan N.] Univ Toledo, Dept Early Childhood Special & Phys Educ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Justice, Laura M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kaderavek, JN (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Early Childhood Special & Phys Educ, Mail Stop 954, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM joan.kaderavek@utoledo.edu CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI Bellg AJ, 2004, HEALTH PSYCHOL, V23, P443, DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.443 BRUCKENTHAL P, 2007, ADV NURS SCI, V30, P72 Bunce B. 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L., 2004, PREVENTING SCH FAILU, V48, P36, DOI DOI 10.3200/PSFL.48.3.36-43 Longabaugh R, 2005, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V29, P235, DOI 10.1097/01.AILC.0000153541.78005.1F Lonigan CJ, 1998, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V27, P138, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2702_1 Mcintyre LL, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P659, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.659-672 Mihalic S., 2004, EMOTIONAL BEHAV DISO, V4, P83 MONCHER FJ, 1991, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V11, P247, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(91)90103-2 O'Donnell CL, 2008, REV EDUC RES, V78, P33, DOI 10.3102/0034654307313793 Pence KL, 2008, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V39, P329, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/031) PETERSON L, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P477, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-477 Rogers EM, 2003, DIFFUSION INNOVATION Satcher D., 2001, YOUTH VIOLENCE REPOR Segers E, 2004, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V35, P229, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2004/022) Shipley K. G., 2009, ASSESSMENT SPEECH LA SHRIBERG LD, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V55, P635 Simpson RL, 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P140, DOI 10.1177/10883576050200030201 Troia GA, 1999, READ RES QUART, V34, P28, DOI 10.1598/RRQ.34.1.3 Ukrainetz TA, 2009, TOP LANG DISORD, V29, P291 Warren SF, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P70, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20139 YEATON WH, 1981, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V49, P156, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.49.2.156 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0097) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 674BW UT WOS:000283709500007 PM 20601624 ER PT J AU Holland, AL Halper, AS Cherney, LR AF Holland, Audrey L. Halper, Anita S. Cherney, Leora R. TI Tell Me Your Story: Analysis of Script Topics Selected by Persons With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; script topics; script training; computer treatment; rehabilitation ID INDIVIDUALS; IDENTITY; THERAPY AB Purpose: This study examined the content of 100 short scripts, co-constructed by persons with aphasia (PWA) and a clinician. The PWA subsequently learned the scripts by interacting with a computerized virtual therapist. The goal was to provide clinicians with ideas regarding content for treatment that is meaningful to PWAs. Method: Thirty-three PWAs generated the scripts, typically including 1 monologue and 2 dialogues in which the PWA was either the initiator or the responder. Scripts were analyzed for common topics and themes. Results: Thirty topics were identified and categorized into 10 themes. For the monologues, the largest category was personal stories (68%), with 12 of the 19 addressing their stroke and aphasia. For the dialogues, conversations with family were dominant (21%), followed by seeking or providing information (18%), and discussion of outside interests (14%). Conclusion: PWAs choose to speak about their life experiences, choose to reconnect with their families, and tend to focus on communication that can help them to negotiate mundane normal life. Independent of how this content is used in treatment, materials should emphasize matters of high personal relevance to those treated. C1 [Cherney, Leora R.] Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Aphasia Res & Treatment, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Halper, Anita S.; Cherney, Leora R.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Holland, Audrey L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Cherney, LR (reprint author), Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Aphasia Res & Treatment, 345 E Super St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM lcherney@ric.org CR Boyle M, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P236, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/025) BOYLE M, 2004, CLIN APH C PARK CIT BRUMFITT S, 1993, APHASIOLOGY, V7, P569, DOI 10.1080/02687039308248631 Cherney LR, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P19, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/003) Cherney LR, 2008, TOP STROKE REHABIL, V15, P542, DOI 10.1310/tsr1506-542 Frank AW, 1995, WOUNDED STORYTELLER Hinckley JJ, 2001, APHASIOLOGY, V15, P463, DOI 10.1080/02687040042000340 Holland A., 2002, WORLD FED NEUR APH C Horton S, 2006, APHASIOLOGY, V20, P528, DOI 10.1080/02687030600590130 Horton S, 2007, APHASIOLOGY, V21, P283, DOI 10.1080/02687030600911377 Kertesz A., 2006, W APHASIA BATTERY Lee JB, 2009, APHASIOLOGY, V23, P885, DOI 10.1080/02687030802669534 LOGAN GD, 1988, PSYCHOL REV, V95, P492, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.95.4.492 Mannheim L, 2009, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V90, P623 SELIGMAN M, 2005, AM PSYCHOL, V60, P1117 Shadden BB, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P211, DOI 10.1080/02687930444000697 Shadden BR, 2007, TOP LANG DISORD, V27, P324 Youmans G, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P435, DOI 10.1080/02687030444000877 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0095) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 634EW UT WOS:000280563500002 PM 20484706 ER PT J AU Volden, J Phillips, L AF Volden, Joanne Phillips, Linda TI Measuring Pragmatic Language in Speakers With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Comparing the Children's Communication Checklist-2 and the Test of Pragmatic Language SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pragmatics; autism spectrum disorders; assessment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RESPONSE ADEQUACY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; IMPAIRMENT; DIFFERENTIATE; DISCOURSE; ECHOLALIA; PROFILES; FEATURES; DEFICITS AB Purpose: To compare the Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2), a parent report instrument, with the Test of Pragmatic Language (TOPL), a test administered to the child, on the ability to identify pragmatic language impairment in speakers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who had age-appropriate structural language skills. Method: Sixteen rigorously diagnosed children with ASD were matched to 16 typically developing children on age, nonverbal IQ, and structural language skill. Both groups were given the TOPL, and their parents completed the CCC-2. Results: The CCC-2 identified 13 of the 16 children with ASD as pragmatically impaired, while the TOPL identified only 9. Neither test identified any of the children in the control group as having pragmatic language impairment. Conclusions: In these children with ASD, who displayed age-appropriate structural language skills, the CCC-2 identified pragmatic language impairment better than the TOPL. Clinically, this can be useful in documenting the presence of language dysfunction when traditional standardized language assessments would not reveal communication problems. C1 [Volden, Joanne; Phillips, Linda] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada. RP Volden, J (reprint author), Univ Alberta, 3-10 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0011) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 634EW UT WOS:000280563500003 PM 20220047 ER PT J AU Hassink, JM Leonard, LB AF Hassink, Johanna M. Leonard, Laurence B. TI Within-Treatment Factors as Predictors of Outcomes Following Conversational Recasting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE specific language impairment; conversational recasting; language disorders ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; AGREEMENT MORPHEMES; SYNTAX ACQUISITION; NEGATIVE EVIDENCE; CHILDREN; TENSE; INTERVENTION; INPUT; VERBS; GRAMMAR AB Purpose: Although conversational recasting has been a generally successful treatment approach, the precise factors that influence children's learning through recasts are not yet understood. In this study, we examined details of the relationship between child utterance and clinician utterance that seemed likely to influence learning. Method: Three measures were calculated from transcripts of recasting sessions with 17 pre-schoolers with specific language impairment. In all sessions, 3rd person singular -s served as the target. The measures of interest were the frequency of recasts following child utterances that were prompted by clinicians, the frequency of clinicians' recasts of subjectless sentences, and the frequency of clinicians' noncorrective recasts. We assessed the short-term and long-term predictive value of these measures through regression analyses. Results: Noncorrective recasts proved to be a positive predictor of short- and long-term gains in the use of the target form. Recasts of subjectless sentences were associated with poorer outcomes, though their contribution was relatively small. Conclusions: The nature of learning that takes place varies according to the relationship between child and clinician utterances during the recasting process. These variations have implications for clinical practice and for how learning through recasting is characterized. C1 [Hassink, Johanna M.; Leonard, Laurence B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Leonard, LB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, 500 Oval Dr,Heavilon Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM xdx1@purdue.edu CR Akhtar N, 1999, J CHILD LANG, V26, P339, DOI 10.1017/S030500099900375X BOHANNON JN, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P684, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.5.684 CAMARATA SM, 1992, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V6, P167, DOI 10.3109/02699209208985528 Camarata SM, 2006, TREATMENT LANGUAGE D, P237 CAMARATA SM, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1414 FARRAR MJ, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P90 Fey ME, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P5 Fey ME, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P160, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/012) Hoff-Ginsberg E, 1998, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V19, P603, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400010389 Huttenlocher J, 2002, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V45, P337, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0285(02)00500-5 Justice LM, 2008, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V51, P983, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/072) Lee L., 1974, DEV SENTENCE ANAL Leonard LB, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P749, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/054) Leonard LB, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P1363, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/102) Leonard L. B., 1998, CHILDREN SPECIFIC LA Naigles LR, 1998, J CHILD LANG, V25, P95, DOI 10.1017/S0305000997003358 Nelson KE, 2000, METHODS FOR STUDYING LANGUAGE PRODUCTION, P115 NELSON KE, 1973, CHILD DEV, V44, P497 Nelson KE, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P850 NELSON KE, 1977, DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P101, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.13.2.101 Nelson Keith E., 1981, CHILD LANGUAGE INT P, P229 Pawlowska M, 2008, J CHILD LANG, V35, P25, DOI 10.1017/S0305000907008227 Proctor-Williams K, 2001, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V10, P155, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/015) Proctor-Williams K, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P1029, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/072) Rice ML, 2003, LANGUAGE COMPETENCE ACROSS POPULATIONS, P63 Rice ML, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1239 Roid G., 1997, LEITER INT PERFORMAN Saxton M, 1997, J CHILD LANG, V24, P139, DOI 10.1017/S030500099600298X SAXTON M, 2000, 1 LANGUAGE, V0020 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHTZE C, 2000, P 24 ANN BOST U C LA, V2, P669 Warren SF, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P70, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20139 Werner E. O., 1983, STRUCTURED PHOTOGRAP NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0083) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 634EW UT WOS:000280563500004 PM 20308290 ER PT J AU Guiberson, M Rodriguez, BL AF Guiberson, Mark Rodriguez, Barbara L. TI Measurement Properties and Classification Accuracy of Two Spanish Parent Surveys of Language Development for Preschool-Age Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parent survey; preschool; Spanish; classification accuracy ID COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY; VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY; LEXICAL DEVELOPMENT; BILINGUAL TODDLERS; INCOME FAMILIES; FOLLOW-UP; IMPAIRMENT; OUTCOMES; ENGLISH AB Purpose: To describe the concurrent validity and classification accuracy of 2 Spanish parent surveys of language development, the Spanish Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ; Squires, Potter, & Bricker, 1999) and the Pilot Inventario-III (Pilot INV-III; Guiberson, 2008a). Method: Forty-eight Spanish-speaking parents of preschool-age children participated. Twenty-two children had expressive language delays, and 26 had typical language development. The parents completed the Spanish ASQ and the Pilot INV-III at home, and the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition: Spanish Edition (PLS-4 Spanish; Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002) was administered to the children at preschool centers. Results: The Spanish ASQ and Pilot INV-III were significantly correlated with the PLS-4 Spanish, establishing concurrent validity. On both surveys, children with expressive language delays scored significantly lower than children with typical development. The Spanish ASQ demonstrated unacceptably low sensitivity (59%) and good specificity (92%), while the Pilot INV-III demonstrated fair sensitivity (82%) and specificity (81%). Likelihood ratios and posttest probability revealed that the Pilot INV-III may assist in detection of expressive language delays, but viewed alone it is insufficient to make an unconditional screening determination. Conclusions: Results suggest that Spanish parent surveys hold promise for screening language delay in Spanish-speaking preschool children; however, further refinement of these tools is needed. C1 [Guiberson, Mark] Univ No Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. [Rodriguez, Barbara L.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Guiberson, M (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Gunter Hall,Campus Box 140, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0058) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 634EW UT WOS:000280563500005 PM 20484705 ER PT J AU Goldstein, BA Bunta, F Lange, J Rodriguez, J Burrows, L AF Goldstein, Brian A. Bunta, Ferenc Lange, Jenny Rodriguez, Jenny Burrows, Lauren TI The Effects of Measures of Language Experience and Language Ability on Segmental Accuracy in Bilingual Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilingual Spanish-English; language output; phonological skills ID SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN; PHONOLOGICAL SKILLS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ENGLISH-SPEAKING; ACQUISITION; IMPAIRMENT; PERFORMANCE; DELAY; MLU AB Purpose: The present study investigated the effects of selected measures of language experience (parent-reported estimates of frequency of output and language use) and language ability (parent-reported language proficiency and mean length of utterance in words) on the segmental accuracy of Spanish-and English-speaking bilingual children. Method: The phonological skills of 50 typically developing bilingual Spanish-English children (mean age = 5; 9 [years; months]) were examined. Independent variables included parent estimates of language use, language proficiency, and frequency of language output (5 groups), as well as a direct language measure (mean length of utterance in words) to predict the dependent segmental accuracy measures (percentage of consonants and vowels correct). Results: Frequency of language output did not have an effect on any of the English or Spanish segmental accuracy measures. However, parent-reported language use and language proficiency as well as the direct measure of language ability (mean length of utterance in words) had various effects on segmental accuracy. Those effects differed, however, in language-specific patterns. Conclusions: Parental estimates of language use and language proficiency are useful for predicting the phonological skills of bilingual Spanish-and English-speaking children, and augmenting them with a direct measure of language ability as a predictor of segmental accuracy is desirable. C1 [Goldstein, Brian A.; Lange, Jenny; Rodriguez, Jenny; Burrows, Lauren] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Bunta, Ferenc] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. RP Goldstein, BA (reprint author), Temple Univ, 110 Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM briang@temple.edu CR Aguilar-Mediavilla EM, 2002, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V16, P573, DOI 10.1080/02699200210148394 Anderson R., 1999, BILINGUAL RES J, V23, P319 Arnold E., 2004, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Ball CA, 2001, CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL, V5, P86, DOI 10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00172-1 Bortolini U, 2000, J COMMUN DISORD, V33, P131, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(99)00028-3 Delgado R., 2000, LOGICAL INT PHONETIC Deuchar M, 1999, J CHILD LANG, V26, P461, DOI 10.1017/S0305000999003852 Eisenberg SL, 2001, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V10, P323, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/028) Fabiano-Smith L, 2010, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V53, P160, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0064) Fiestas CE, 2004, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V35, P155, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2004/016) Flege J. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/08-0086) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 634EW UT WOS:000280563500006 PM 20484707 ER PT J AU Helou, LB Solomon, NP Henry, LR Coppit, GL Howard, RS Stojadinovic, A AF Helou, Leah B. Solomon, Nancy Pearl Henry, Leonard R. Coppit, George L. Howard, Robin S. Stojadinovic, Alexander TI The Role of Listener Experience on Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) Ratings of Postthyroidectomy Voice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice; voice quality; clinical ratings; thyroidectomy ID DIRECT MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; DYSPHONIC VOICE; GRBAS SCALE; RELIABILITY; HYPERNASALITY; JUDGMENTS; SEVERITY AB Purpose: To determine whether experienced and inexperienced listeners rate postthyroidectomy voice samples similarly using the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V). Method: Prospective observational study of voice quality ratings of randomized and blinded voice samples was performed. Twenty-one postthyroidectomy patients' voices, representing a wide range of severities, were rated using a custom-automated version of the CAPE-V. Ten male and 11 female voices were rated by 10 experienced and 10 inexperienced listeners. Experienced listeners consisted of 5 otolaryngologists (ENTs) and 5 speech-language pathologists (SLPs); inexperienced listeners were medical professionals with no formal training or experience in voice disorders. Results: Inexperienced listeners rated voices as more severely impaired than experienced listeners for all CAPE-V parameters (p <= .003). Those without experience in voice disorders had lower intra-and interrater reliability (e. g., r = .838 and .528, respectively, for overall severity) than those with experience in voice disorders (e. g., r = .911 and .722, respectively, for overall severity) for all parameters. Among experienced listeners, ENTs and SLPs rated voices similarly for most parameters. Conclusions: Experienced and inexperienced listeners judged voice quality differently given minimal training with the use of the CAPE-V. SLPs and ENTs rated postthyroidectomy voice quality similarly. These findings indicate that the CAPE-V can be used reliably and similarly by professionals who specialize in voice disorders. C1 [Helou, Leah B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Voice Physiol & Motor Learning Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Helou, Leah B.; Solomon, Nancy Pearl; Henry, Leonard R.; Coppit, George L.; Howard, Robin S.; Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Helou, LB (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Voice Physiol & Motor Learning Lab, 4033 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. 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PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 248 EP 258 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0012) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 634EW UT WOS:000280563500007 PM 20484704 ER PT J AU Yeates, EM Steele, CM Pelletier, CA AF Yeates, Erin M. Steele, Catriona M. Pelletier, Cathy A. TI Tongue Pressure and Submental Surface Electromyography Measures During Noneffortful and Effortful Saliva Swallows in Healthy Women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deglutition; electromyography; manometry; aging ID PHARYNGEAL PRESSURE; OLDER-ADULTS; DYSPHAGIA; BIOFEEDBACK; TASTE; AGE AB Purpose: The effortful swallow, a compensatory technique frequently employed by speech-language pathologists for their patients with dysphagia, is still not fully understood in terms of how it modifies the swallow. In particular, although age-related changes are known to reduce maximum isometric tongue pressure, it is not known whether age affects people's ability to perform the effortful swallow. In this study, differences were explored between younger and older healthy women in execution of the effortful swallowing maneuver through a comparative analysis of effortful and noneffortful swallows. Method: Eighty healthy women (40 age 18-35 years and 40 age 60 and older) participated. Peak amplitude measures and the timing of signal onset to peak were measured using concurrent tongue pressure and submental surface electromyography. Result: Statistically significant main effects of age group were not observed in the amplitude data, but older participants showed slower rise times to peak anterior tongue-palate pressure. Conclusions: Despite the general age-related deterioration of the swallowing musculature due to the phenomenon of sarcopenia, older women can still produce noneffortful and effortful swallows with lingual pressure and submental surface electromyography amplitudes similar to younger women. C1 [Yeates, Erin M.; Steele, Catriona M.] Toronto Rehabil Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. [Steele, Catriona M.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Pelletier, Cathy A.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Steele, CM (reprint author), Toronto Rehabil Inst, 550 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0040) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 634EW UT WOS:000280563500009 PM 20543016 ER PT J AU Kent-Walsh, J Binger, C Hasham, Z AF Kent-Walsh, Jennifer Binger, Cathy Hasham, Zishan TI Effects of Parent Instruction on the Symbolic Communication of Children Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication During Storybook Reading SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); intervention; partner instruction; parent instruction; storybooks ID AAC; LITERACY; LANGUAGE; MOTHERS AB Purpose: This study investigated the effects of a communication partner instruction strategy for parents of children using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) on the communicative turn taking of their children. Instruction was provided within storybook-reading contexts. Method: Two single-subject multiple-probeacross-participants designs were used to evaluate the effects of parent instruction on (a) 3 European American parents and (b) 3 African American parents. Changes in turn-taking rates and the expression of different semantic concepts in children using AAC were assessed in storybook-reading activities. Results: All 6 parents learned to implement the communication partner interaction strategy accurately. All 6 children who used AAC increased their communicative turn taking and their language use as reflected by different semantic concepts expressed. Conclusions: Results provide evidence that the communication partner instruction program applied within storybook-reading contexts holds significant promise in improving parent-child interaction patterns and facilitating communicative expression and turn taking in children who use AAC. C1 [Binger, Cathy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kent-Walsh, Jennifer] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Hasham, Zishan] Seminole Cty Publ Sch, Sanford, FL USA. RP Binger, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, 1 Univ New Mexico,MSC01 1195, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cbinger@unm.edu CR BEDROSIAN J, 1997, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V13, P170 Binger C, 2008, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V24, P323, DOI 10.1080/07434610802130978 Binger C, 2010, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V19, P108, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/09-0015) Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1999, TEST AUDITORY COMPRE Clay M. M., 2001, CHANGE TIME CHILDREN Dunn LM, 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA ELLIS ES, 1991, FOCUS EXCEPT CHILD, V23, P1 Hammer CS, 2007, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V38, P216, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2007/023) Justice L., 2006, CLIN APPROACHES EMER KENTWALSH J, 2003, THESIS PENN STATE U Kent-Walsh J, 2005, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V21, P195, DOI 10.1080/07434610400006646 Koppenhaver D. A., 2001, INT J DISABIL DEV ED, V48, P395, DOI [10.1080/10349120120094284, DOI 10.1080/10349120120094284] Liboiron N., 2006, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V22, P69, DOI [10.1191/0265659006ct298oa, DOI 10.1191/0265659006CT2980A] Light J., 1994, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V10, P255, DOI 10.1080/07434619412331276960 LIGHT J, 2007, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L LIGHT J, 1993, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, P33 MCDONALD ET, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P73 McReynolds L. V., 1983, SINGLE SUBJECT EXPT Morgan L, 2004, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V26, P235, DOI 10.1177/105381510402600401 Parker RI, 2009, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V75, P135 Parnes P., 1985, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V1, P74, DOI DOI 10.1080/07434618512331273561 Romski M, 2010, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V53, P350, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0156) Rosa-Lugo L. J., 2008, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V30, P49, DOI DOI 10.1177/1525740108320353 Schlosser R. W., 2003, EFFICACY AUGMENTATIV Smith A. K., 1993, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V9, P10, DOI 10.1080/07434619312331276371 Snow C. E., 1998, PREVENTING READING D Soto G., 2006, CLIN APPROACHES EMER, P295 Van Kleeck A., 2003, READING BOOKS CHILDR Viera AJ, 2005, FAM MED, V37, P360 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0014) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700002 PM 20181850 ER PT J AU Binger, C Kent-Walsh, J Ewing, C Taylor, S AF Binger, Cathy Kent-Walsh, Jennifer Ewing, Cai Taylor, Stacy TI Teaching Educational Assistants to Facilitate the Multisymbol Message Productions of Young Students Who Require Augmentative and Alternative Communication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); intervention; educational assistants; symbol combinations ID GRAPHIC SYMBOL COMBINATIONS; AIDED AAC; PRESCHOOLERS; STRATEGIES; CHILDREN; MODEL AB Purpose: Many classroom educational assistants (EAs) have a significant amount of responsibility in carrying out educational plans for children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), but they receive little instruction on how to do so (Kent-Walsh & Light, 2003). This study investigates the impact of using a communication partner instructional program to teach EAs how to teach their students to produce symbol combinations on their speech-generating devices. Method: A single-subject multiple-probe-acrossparticipants design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional program on (a) the EAs' implementation of an interaction strategy with their students who used AAC and (b) the rates of multisymbol message productions for the students who used AAC. Results: All 3 participating EAs learned to use the interaction strategy appropriately, and all 3 participating students who used AAC increased their multisymbol message production rates. Conclusions: Results provide further evidence (a) of the viability of using a communication partner instructional program for teaching partners how to facilitate the communication skills of children who use AAC and (b) that the interaction strategy can be an effective tool for increasing expressive multisymbol message rates for children who use AAC. C1 [Binger, Cathy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kent-Walsh, Jennifer] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Binger, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, 1700 Lomas NE,MSC01 1195,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cbinger@unm.edu CR Bedrosian J. 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A, 1997, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V13, P48, DOI DOI 10.1080/07434619712331277838 ELLIS ES, 1991, FOCUS EXCEPT CHILD, V23, P1 FALLON K, 2007, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT Kent-Walsh J, 2010, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V19, P97, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0014) KENTWALSH J, 2003, THESIS PENN STATE U Kent-Walsh J, 2005, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V21, P195, DOI 10.1080/07434610400006646 Kent-Walsh Jennifer, 2008, Seminars in Speech and Language, V29, P146, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1079128 Kent-Walsh J., 2003, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V19, P104, DOI [10.1080/0743461031000112043, DOI 10.1080/0743461031000112043] Light J., 1997, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V13, P158, DOI 10.1080/07434619712331277978 MCDONALD ET, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P73 McReynolds L. V., 1983, SINGLE SUBJECT EXPT Miller J. F., 1995, CLIN ASSESSMENT LANG Nigam R, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P160, DOI 10.1080/07434610600650052 Parker RI, 2009, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V75, P135 Rosa-Lugo L. J., 2008, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V30, P49, DOI DOI 10.1177/1525740108320353 Soto G., 2001, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V17, P62, DOI 10.1080/714043369 Soto G, 2008, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V24, P76, DOI 10.1080/07434610701740612 SOTO G, 2007, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V45, P23 Van Kleeck A., 2003, READING BOOKS CHILDR Viera AJ, 2005, FAM MED, V37, P360 WILKINSON KM, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P883 ZANGARI C, 2009, PRACTICALLY SPEAKING NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/09-0015) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700003 PM 19948759 ER PT J AU Kenny, B Lincoln, M Balandin, S AF Kenny, Belinda Lincoln, Michelle Balandin, Susan TI Experienced Speech-Language Pathologists' Responses to Ethical Dilemmas: An Integrated Approach to Ethical Reasoning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethics; ethical reasoning; speech-language pathologists; code of ethics ID TEACHING MEDICAL-ETHICS; 4 PRINCIPLES; HEALTH AB Purpose: To investigate the approaches of experienced speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to ethical reasoning and the processes they use to resolve ethical dilemmas. Method: Ten experienced SLPs participated in in-depth interviews. A narrative approach was used to guide participants' descriptions of how they resolved ethical dilemmas. Individual narrative transcriptions were analyzed by using the participant's words to develop an ethical story that described and interpreted their responses to dilemmas. Key concepts from individual stories were then coded into group themes to reflect participants' reasoning processes. Results: Five major themes reflected participants' approaches to ethical reasoning: (a) focusing on the well-being of the client, (b) fulfilling professional roles and responsibilities, (c) attending to professional relationships, (d) managing resources, and (e) integrating personal and professional values. SLPs demonstrated a range of ethical reasoning processes: applying bioethical principles, casuistry, and narrative reasoning when managing ethical dilemmas in the workplace. Conclusions: The results indicate that experienced SLPs adopted an integrated approach to ethical reasoning. They supported clients' rights to make health care choices. Bioethical principles, casuistry, and narrative reasoning provided useful frameworks for facilitating health professionals' application of codes of ethics to complex professional practice issues. C1 [Kenny, Belinda; Lincoln, Michelle] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Balandin, Susan] Molde Univ Coll, Molde, Norway. RP Kenny, B (reprint author), Univ Sydney Speech Pathol, Fac Hlth Sci, Cumberland Campus, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM b.kenny@usyd.edu.au CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2003, COD ETH ARRAS JD, 1994, HLTH CARE ETHICS CRI, P387 Aulisio MP, 2000, ANN INTERN MED, V133, P59 Beauchamp T, 2009, PRINCIPLES BIOMEDICA Beauchamp T. 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Brady, 2003, Seminars in Speech and Language, V24, P275 Worrall L, 2006, J COMMUN DISORD, V39, P320, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.02.007 Yarborough M, 2000, ACAD MED, V75, P793, DOI 10.1097/00001888-200008000-00009 NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0007) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700004 PM 20008471 ER PT J AU Flenthrope, JL Brady, NC AF Flenthrope, Jennifer L. Brady, Nancy C. TI Relationships Between Early Gestures and Later Language in Children With Fragile X Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragile X; gestural communication; autism spectrum disorders ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION PROFILES; YOUNG MALES; 2ND YEAR; INFANTS; LIFE AB Purpose: The authors hypothesized that significant positive relationships would exist between early gesture use and later language attainments in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), as has been reported in studies with other populations. Method: Participants were young children with FXS and limited expressive language (21 boys, 4 girls), divided into 2 subgroups based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS; Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1988) scores. Data were collected when participants were about 2 years of age and again when they were about 5 years of age. Communication was assessed through the analysis of video samples obtained in the children's homes for both observation periods. Correlational analyses were completed between early prelinguistic communication and later verbal communication scores for all participants and for children with high (>30) versus low (<30) scores on the CARS. Results: Although no significant relationships were found between prelinguistic gesture use and language outcomes for the group of children as a whole, significant negative correlations were found for the group of children who had high CARS scores. Conclusions: These outcomes did not support the authors' initial hypotheses. It was concluded that extensive use of developmentally early gestures by children with FXS who also have many symptoms of autism may not be a positive indicator of later language. C1 [Brady, Nancy C.] Univ Kansas, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci & Disorders, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/09-0018) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700005 PM 19948762 ER PT J AU Baylor, C Yorkston, K Bamer, A Britton, D Amtmann, D AF Baylor, Carolyn Yorkston, Kathryn Bamer, Alyssa Britton, Deanna Amtmann, Dagmar TI Variables Associated With Communicative Participation in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Regression Analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communicative participation; multiple sclerosis; regression ID PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES; DISABILITY STATUS SCALE; ITEM RESPONSE THEORY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; INTERNATIONAL-CLASSIFICATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; REAL-LIFE; HEALTH; INDIVIDUALS; SPEECH AB Purpose: To explore variables associated with self-reported communicative participation in a sample (n = 498) of community-dwelling adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: A battery of questionnaires was administered online or on paper per participant preference. Data were analyzed using multiple linear backward stepwise regression. The dependent variable was an item response theory score of communicative participation measured by a subset of items from the Communicative Participation Item Bank asking respondents to rate how much their health condition interfered with participation in real-life speech communication situations. Thirteen independent variables were included in the model as self-reported symptoms: problems thinking, slurred speech, vision loss, pain, mobility, depression, fatigue, perceived social support, age, education level, employment status, gender, and MS duration. Results: Fatigue, slurred speech, depression, problems thinking, employment status, and social support were significantly associated with communicative participation, accounting for 48.7% of the variance. Conclusions: Communicative participation is significantly associated with multiple variables, only some of which reflect communication disorders. If the goal of intervention is to improve communicative participation, intervention may need to extend beyond traditional speech-language pathology boundaries to include other health symptoms as well as personal, social, and physical environments. C1 [Baylor, Carolyn; Yorkston, Kathryn; Bamer, Alyssa; Britton, Deanna; Amtmann, Dagmar] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baylor, C (reprint author), Univ Washington Rehabil Med, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0087) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700006 PM 19948761 ER PT J AU Heilmann, J Miller, JF Nockerts, A Dunaway, C AF Heilmann, John Miller, Jon F. Nockerts, Ann Dunaway, Claudia TI Properties of the Narrative Scoring Scheme Using Narrative Retells in Young School-Age Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narrative; language sample analysis; story grammar; vocabulary ID LITERATE LANGUAGE FEATURES; SPOKEN NARRATIVES; IMPAIRMENT; SKILLS; ABILITY; COMPREHENSION; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; 4-YEAR-OLDS; DISORDER AB Purpose: To evaluate the clinical utility of the narrative scoring scheme (NSS) as an index of narrative macrostructure for young school-age children. Method: Oral retells of a wordless picture book were elicited from 129 typically developing children, ages 5-7. A series of correlations and hierarchical regression equations were completed using microstructural measures of vocabulary and grammar to predict NSS scores. Results: While the NSS was significantly correlated with age and each of the microstructural measures, the hierarchical regression analyses revealed a unique relationship between vocabulary and narrative macrostructure. Conclusion: The NSS is an efficient and informative tool for documenting children's development of narrative macrostructure. The relationship between the NSS and microstructural measures demonstrates that it is a robust measure of children's overall oral narrative competence and a powerful tool for clinicians and researchers. The unique relationship between lexical diversity and the NSS confirmed that a special relationship exists between vocabulary and narrative organization skills in young school-age children. C1 [Heilmann, John] E Carolina Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Miller, Jon F.; Nockerts, Ann] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dunaway, Claudia] San Diego Unified Sch Dist, San Diego, CA USA. RP Heilmann, J (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Hlth Sci Bldg,Room 3310T, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM heilmannj@ecu.edu CR ALLEN MS, 1994, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V15, P149, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400005300 Applebee Arthur N., 1978, CHILDS CONCEPT STORY BAMBERG M, 1991, J CHILD LANG, V18, P689 Berman R. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 154 EP 166 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0024) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700007 PM 20008470 ER PT J AU Gierut, JA Morrisette, ML Ziemer, SM AF Gierut, Judith A. Morrisette, Michele L. Ziemer, Suzanne M. TI Nonwords and Generalization in Children With Phonological Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phonological disorders; nonsense words; intervention; learning ID PHONOTACTIC PROBABILITY; SPOKEN WORDS; MISARTICULATING CHILDREN; LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; NEIGHBORHOOD DENSITY; PHONETIC INVENTORIES; LEXICAL COMPETITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ARTICULATION; RECOGNITION AB Purpose: To evaluate the effects of using nonword (NW) stimuli in treatment of children with phonological disorders relative to real words (RWs). Methods: Production data from 60 children were examined retrospectively. Thirty of the participants were previously treated on sounds in error using NWs, and the other 30 had been treated using RWs. Generalization was the dependent variable, with measurement of accurate production of treated and untreated sounds immediately posttreatment and longitudinally following the withdrawal of treatment. Results: Under both stimulus conditions, and at both sampling points in time, there was greater generalization to treated sounds compared with untreated. NWs, as opposed to RWs, induced greater, more rapid systemwide generalization as a function of treatment. Children exposed to NWs sustained those levels of performance even after treatment was withdrawn. Children exposed to RWs eventually reached comparable levels of phonological generalization, but not until 55 days after the cessation of treatment. Conclusion: The findings support the ecological validity of NWs in phonological treatment. The differential results hint that NWs may benefit treatment efficacy and efficiency, but this remains to be determined through prospective study. Consideration is given to a potential theoretical account of the NW effects, with appeal to the literature on novel word learning. C1 [Gierut, Judith A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gierut, JA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, 200 S Jordan Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM gierut@indiana.edu CR Bain B., 1991, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V22, P264 Chomsky N., 1968, SOUND PATTERN ENGLIS DEAN EC, 1995, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V9, P1, DOI 10.3109/02699209508985318 Dinnsen D. A., 1984, ASHA MONOGRAPHS, V22, P5 Dinnsen D. A., 1984, ASHA MONOGRAPHS, V22, P59 DINNSEN DA, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V33, P28 Dumay N, 2007, PSYCHOL SCI, V18, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01845.x Dunn L. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/09-0020) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700008 PM 20086043 ER PT J AU Flippin, M Reszka, S Watson, LR AF Flippin, Michelle Reszka, Stephanie Watson, Linda R. TI Effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on Communication and Speech for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; Picture Exchange Communication System; communication intervention; speech ID SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; SEVERE DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PHASE-III; INTERVENTIONS; PRESCHOOLERS; ACQUISITION; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS AB Purpose: The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a popular communication-training program for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This meta-analysis reviews the current empirical evidence for PECS in affecting communication and speech outcomes for children with ASD. Method: A systematic review of the literature on PECS written between 1994 and June 2009 was conducted. Quality of scientific rigor was assessed and used as an inclusion criterion in computation of effect sizes. Effect sizes were aggregated separately for single-subject and group studies for communication and speech outcomes. Results: Eight single-subject experiments (18 participants) and 3 group studies (95 PECS participants, 65 in other intervention/control) were included. Results indicated that PECS is a promising but not yet established evidence-based intervention for facilitating communication in children with ASD ages 1-11 years. Small to moderate gains in communication were demonstrated following training. Gains in speech were small to negative. Conclusions: This meta-analysis synthesizes gains in communication and relative lack of gains made in speech across the PECS literature for children with ASD. Concerns about maintenance and generalization are identified. Emerging evidence of potential preintervention child characteristics is discussed. Phase IV was identified as a possibly influential program characteristic for speech outcomes. 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PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 178 EP 195 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2010/09-0022) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OS UT WOS:000279673700009 PM 20181849 ER PT J AU van Kleeck, A Schwarz, AL Fey, M Kaiser, A Miller, J Weitzman, E AF van Kleeck, Anne Schwarz, Amy Louise Fey, Marc Kaiser, Ann Miller, Jon Weitzman, Elaine TI Should We Use Telegraphic or Grammatical Input in the Early Stages of Language Development With Children Who Have Language Impairments? A Meta-Analysis of the Research and Expert Opinion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language disorders; treatment; early intervention ID SPEAKING CHILDREN; FREE RESPONSES; EFFECT SIZES; MORPHOLOGY; SPEECH; INTERVENTION; COMMANDS; WORDS; TENSE; FACILITATION AB Purpose: In working with children with language impairments, some clinical scholars and clinicians advocate using input that is simplified to the point of being ungrammatical (telegraphic input), while others advocate simplified but grammatical input. This article considers 2 types of external evidence on this topic. Method: First, ameta-analysis of relevant research, including intervention studies and processing studies, is reported. Next, 4 experts present their opinions. Results: Children in the majority of the intervention studies showed no difference in language comprehension based on type of input, although 1 study with very few children favored telegraphic input for language production. In the processing studies, which measured immediate comprehension, children from clinical populations responded inconsistently when listening to the 2 types of input. Children who had typical language, however, favored grammatical input in their responses. Regarding the experts' opinions, 2 suggest that telegraphic input is sometimes warranted; 1, who previously indirectly promoted its occasional use, no longer believes it should be used; and 1 provides reasons why telegraphic input should not be used and may even be harmful. Conclusions: Empirical findings and expert views are summarized as ways of informing parents of the weak evidence base regarding the best type of input. C1 [van Kleeck, Anne] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Callier Ctr Commun Disorders, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. [Fey, Marc] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS USA. [Kaiser, Ann] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Miller, Jon] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weitzman, Elaine] Hanen Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP van Kleeck, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Callier Ctr Commun Disorders, 1966 Inwood Rd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. EM annevk@utdallas.edu CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI Bedore L. 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Hux, Karen Dietz, Aimee Beukelman, David R. TI Impact of Personal Relevance and Contextualization on Word-Picture Matching by People With Aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; visual scenes; visual information ID CLINICAL-IMPLICATIONS; COMPREHENSION; PERFORMANCE; CHOICE AB Purpose: To determine the effect of personal relevance and contextualization of images on the preferences and word-picture matching accuracy of people with severe aphasia. Method: Eight adults with aphasia performed 2 experimental tasks to reveal their preferences and accuracy during word-picture matching. The researchers used 3 types of visual stimuli personally relevant, contextualized photographs; non-personally relevant, contextualized photographs; and noncontextualized, iconic images paired with 3 types of target words-labels of people or objects, actions, and socially relevant events-as the stimulus materials. Results: Data analysis showed that participants (a) preferred using personally relevant, contextualized photographs rather than other types of photographs/images to represent target words and (b) performed more accurate word-picture matching when presented with target words associated with personally relevant, contextualized photographs than target words associated with noncontextualized or nonpersonalized photographs/images. Conclusions: Clinically, the findings highlight the importance of using personally relevant, contextualized photographs rather than generic contextualized photographs or noncontextualized, iconic images to support the communication attempts of people with aphasia who cannot communicate effectively using natural speech alone. C1 [McKelvey, Miechelle L.] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Hux, Karen; Beukelman, David R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dietz, Aimee] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. 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PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0021) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OR UT WOS:000279673600003 PM 20139353 ER PT J AU Rvachew, S Bernhardt, BM AF Rvachew, Susan Bernhardt, Barbara May TI Clinical Implications of Dynamic Systems Theory for Phonological Development SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech sound disorders; intervention; phonological acquisition; treatment efficacy; randomized controlled trial ID TARGET-SELECTION STRATEGY; MISARTICULATING CHILDREN; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; NONWORD REPETITION; OPTIMALITY THEORY; SPEECH; ACQUISITION; KNOWLEDGE; LEARNABILITY; DISORDERS AB Purpose: To examine treatment outcomes in relation to the complexity of treatment goals for children with speech sound disorders. Method: The clinical implications of dynamic systems theory in contrast with learnability theory are discussed, especially in the context of target selection decisions for children with speech sound disorders. Detailed phonological analyses of pre-and posttreatment speech samples are provided for 6 children who received treatment in a previously published randomized controlled trial of contrasting approaches to target selection (Rvachew & Nowak, 2001). Three children received treatment for simple target phonemes that did not introduce any new feature contrasts into the children's phonological systems. Three children received treatment for complex targets that represented feature contrasts that were absent from the children's phonological systems. Results: Children who received treatment for simple targets made more progress toward the acquisition of the target sounds and demonstrated emergence of complex untreated segments and feature contrasts. Children who received treatment for complex targets made little measurable gain in phonological development. Conclusions: Treatment outcomes will be enhanced if the clinician selects treatment targets at the segmental and prosodic levels of the phonological system in such a way as to stabilize the child's knowledge of subcomponents that form the foundation for the emergence of more complex phoneme contrasts. C1 [Rvachew, Susan] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bernhardt, Barbara May] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Rvachew, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Sch Commun Sci & Disorders, 1266 Pine Ave, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A8, Canada. 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M., 2006, 10 C LAB PHON PAR FR NR 44 TC 5 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 34 EP 50 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0047) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OR UT WOS:000279673600004 PM 19644125 ER PT J AU Johnson, CJ Beitchman, JH Brownlie, EB AF Johnson, Carla J. Beitchman, Joseph H. Brownlie, E. B. TI Twenty-Year Follow-Up of Children With and Without Speech-Language Impairments: Family, Educational, Occupational, and Quality of Life Outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech impairment; language impairment; educational outcomes; occupational outcomes; family; quality of life; longitudinal ID MODERATE PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER; EARLY ADULT LIFE; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; EMERGING ADULTHOOD; ACADEMIC OUTCOMES; PREVALENCE; HISTORY; ADOLESCENTS AB Purpose: Parents, professionals, and policy makers need information on the long-term prognosis for children with communication disorders. Our primary purpose in this report was to help fill this gap by profiling the family, educational, occupational, and quality of life outcomes of young adults at 25 years of age (N = 244) from the Ottawa Language Study, a 20-year, prospective, longitudinal study of a community sample of individuals with (n = 112) and without (n = 132) a history of early speech and/or language impairments. A secondary purpose of this report was to use data from earlier phases of the study to predict important, real-life outcomes at age 25. Method: Participants were initially identified at age 5 and subsequently followed at 12, 19, and 25 years of age. Direct assessments were conducted at all 4 time periods in multiple domains (demographic, communicative, cognitive, academic, behavioral, and psychosocial). Results: At age 25, young adults with a history of language impairments showed poorer outcomes in multiple objective domains (communication, cognitive/academic, educational attainment, and occupational status) than their peers without early communication impairments and those with early speech-only impairments. However, those with language impairments did not differ in subjective perceptions of their quality of life from those in the other 2 groups. Objective outcomes at age 25 were predicted differentially by various combinations of multiple, interrelated risk factors, including poor language and reading skills, low family socioeconomic status, low performance IQ, and child behavior problems. Subjective well-being, however, was primarily associated with strong social networks of family, friends, and others. Conclusion: This information on the natural history of communication disorders may be useful in answering parents' questions, anticipating challenges that children with language disorders might encounter, and planning services to address those issues. C1 [Johnson, Carla J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Speech Language Pathol, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Speech Language Pathol, Rehabil Sci Bldg,160-500 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. EM carla.johnson@utoronto.ca CR Achenbach T. M., 1983, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C Arnett JJ, 2007, CHILD DEV PERSPECT, V1, P68 Arnett JJ, 2000, AM PSYCHOL, V55, P469, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469 ATKINSON L, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P537 Bankson N. 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W., 1998, WOODCOCK READING MAS Young AR, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P635, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00052 NR 70 TC 37 Z9 37 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0083) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OR UT WOS:000279673600005 PM 19644128 ER PT J AU Fabiano-Smith, L Goldstein, BA AF Fabiano-Smith, Leah Goldstein, Brian A. TI Early-, Middle-, and Late-Developing Sounds in Monolingual and Bilingual Children: An Exploratory Investigation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phonology; development; bilingual; Spanish ID SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; ARTICULATION NORMS PROJECT; PUERTO-RICAN SPANISH; SPEECH; ENGLISH; ACQUISITION; SKILLS; PERFORMANCE; LANGUAGE AB Purpose: To examine the accuracy of early-, middle-, and late-developing (EML) sounds in Spanish-English bilingual children and their monolingual peers. Method: Twenty-four typically developing children, age 3-4 years, were included in this study: 8 bilingual Spanish-English-speaking children, 8 monolingual Spanish speakers, and 8 monolingual English speakers. Single-word speech samples were obtained to examine (a) differences on the accuracy of EML sounds between Spanish-English bilingual children and monolingual Spanish and monolingual English children and (b) the developmental trend on the accuracy of EML sounds within languages for Spanish-English bilingual children and monolingual Spanish and monolingual English children. Results: Findings support those of Shriberg (1993) for English-speaking children and suggest possible EML categories for monolingual Spanish-speaking children and bilingual Spanish-English-speaking children. Conclusions: These exploratory findings indicate the need for longitudinal examination of EML categories with a larger cohort of children to observe similarities and differences between monolingual and bilingual development. C1 [Fabiano-Smith, Leah] SUNY Albany, Dept Commun Disorders, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Goldstein, Brian A.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0036) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OR UT WOS:000279673600006 PM 19644127 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JW Magimairaj, BM Finney, MC AF Montgomery, James W. Magimairaj, Beula M. Finney, Mianisha C. TI Working Memory and Specific Language Impairment: An Update on the Relation and Perspectives on Assessment and Treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; specific language impairment; working memory; language ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; COMPLEX SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; ACOUSTICALLY MODIFIED SPEECH; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NONWORD REPETITION; PHONOLOGICAL MEMORY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PROCESSING-SPEED; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES AB Purpose: Children with specific language impairment (SLI) demonstrate significant language impairments despite normal-range hearing and nonverbal IQ. Many of these children also show marked deficits in working memory (WM) abilities. However, the theoretical and clinical characterization of the association between WM and language limitations in SLI is still sparse. Our understanding of this association would benefit greatly from an updated and thorough review of the literature. Method: We review the newest developments in these areas from both a theoretical and clinical perspective. Our intent is to provide researchers and practicing clinicians (a) a conceptual framework within which the association between WM and language limitations of children with SLI can be understood and (b) potentially helpful suggestions for assessing and treating the memory-language difficulties of children with SLI. Conclusions: In the past 10 years, important new theoretical insights into the range and nature of WM deficits and relation between these limitations and the language difficulties in SLI have occurred. New, robust diagnostic assessment tools and computerized treatment methods designed to enhance children's WM functioning have also been developed. The assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the language difficulties in SLI should consider the potential influence of WM. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 78 EP 94 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/09-0028) PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 622OR UT WOS:000279673600007 PM 19948760 ER PT J AU Fraas, MR Calvert, M AF Fraas, Michael R. Calvert, Margaret TI The Use of Narratives to Identify Characteristics Leading to a Productive Life Following Acquired Brain Injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acquired brain injury; narrative stories; identity; quality of life; community integration ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; COMPREHENSIVE DAY TREATMENT; SELF-CONCEPT; HEAD-INJURY; COMMUNITY; STROKE; REHABILITATION; PERSPECTIVE; LIMITATIONS; RECOVERY AB Purpose: To determine the factors leading to successful recovery and productive lifestyles after acquired brain injury (ABI). Method: Qualitative investigation examined semistructured interviews of 31 survivors of ABI. Thematic analysis followed a phenomenological approach and revealed 4 major themes and 28 subthemes in the interviews. Four participants stood out as exemplars of the themes embodied by all the participants in this investigation. Quotes from each are used to highlight the prevailing themes. Results: The following 4 major themes emerged from the interviews: development of social support networks, grief and coping strategies, acceptance of the injury and redefinition of self, and empowerment. Conclusions: The issues raised in these interviews may serve to inspire other survivors and provide them with hope and motivation as they progress through the recovery process. Suggestions on how clinicians can help to facilitate this process are discussed. C1 [Fraas, Michael R.; Calvert, Margaret] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fraas, MR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, 151 Hewitt Hall,4 Lib Way, Durham, NH 03824 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0008) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 515OA UT WOS:000271480500003 PM 19638485 ER PT J AU Calculator, SN Black, T AF Calculator, Stephen N. Black, Tibbany TI Validation of an Inventory of Best Practices in the Provision of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Services to Students With Severe Disabilities in General Education Classrooms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative communication; inclusion; best practices ID SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INCLUSIVE EDUCATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PROMOTING ACCESS; CURRICULUM; MODEL; AAC; PERSPECTIVES AB To compile and then validate a set of evidence-based best practices related to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and its role in fostering the inclusion of students with severe disabilities in general education classrooms and other inclusive settings. Method: A comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to AAC and inclusive education for students with severe disabilities in inclusive classrooms resulted in an inventory of possible best practices. Reliability testing was conducted to verify levels of evidence assigned to each source and corresponding practice. Practices were reviewed and validated by a panel of 8 experts. Statistical analysis revealed a high level of internal consistency across items composing the inventory. Results: An inventory of 91 practices, each assigned to 1 of 8 predetermined categories, was uncovered. Themes arising in experts' comments related to items in the inventory are discussed. Conclusions: Possible uses of the inventory are discussed along with suggestions for future research. C1 [Calculator, Stephen N.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Durham, NH 03824 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0065) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 515OA UT WOS:000271480500004 PM 19638486 ER PT J AU McCauley, RJ Strand, E Lof, GL Schooling, T Frymark, T AF McCauley, Rebecca J. Strand, Edythe Lof, Gregory L. Schooling, Tracy Frymark, Tobi TI Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises on Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oral motor treatment; evidence-based systematic review; speech disorders ID PALATAL PLATE THERAPY; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ARTICULATION; DYSARTHRIA; DISORDERS; EFFICACY; EPILOGUE AB Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current evidence for the use of oral motor exercises (OMEs) on speech (i.e., speech physiology, speech production, and functional speech outcomes) as a means of supporting further research and clinicians' use of evidence-based practice. Method: The peer-reviewed literature from 1960 to 2007 was searched for articles examining the use of OMEs to affect speech physiology, production, or functional outcomes (i.e., intelligibility). Articles that met selection criteria were appraised by 2 reviewers and vetted by a 3rd for methodological quality, then characterized as efficacy or exploratory studies. Results: Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria; of these, 8 included data relevant to the effects of OMEs on speech physiology, 8 on speech production, and 8 on functional speech outcomes. Considerable variation was noted in the participants, interventions, and treatment schedules. The critical appraisals identified significant weaknesses in almost all studies. Conclusions: Insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of OMEs to produce effects on speech was found in the research literature. Discussion is largely confined to a consideration of the need for more well-designed studies using well-described participant groups and alternative bases for evidence-based practice. C1 [Schooling, Tracy] Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc, Natl Ctr Evidence Based Practice Commun Disorders, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [McCauley, Rebecca J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Strand, Edythe] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Strand, Edythe] Mayo Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Lof, Gregory L.] MGH Inst Hlth Profess, Boston, MA USA. RP Schooling, T (reprint author), Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc, Natl Ctr Evidence Based Practice Commun Disorders, 2200 Res Blvd 245, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 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M., 1984, ASSESSMENT INTELLIGI Yorkston KM, 2007, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V15, pXI Yorkston KM, 2003, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V11, pXIII NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/09-0006) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 515OA UT WOS:000271480500005 PM 19638484 ER PT J AU Clark, H Lazarus, C Arvedson, J Schooling, T Frymark, T AF Clark, Heather Lazarus, Cathy Arvedson, Joan Schooling, Tracy Frymark, Tobi TI Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Swallowing and Neural Activation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dysphagia; neuromuscular electrical stimulation; evidence-based systematic review; oral motor exercises ID PHARYNGEAL DYSPHAGIA; ORAL-STIMULATION; STROKE; THERAPY; MANAGEMENT; DISORDERS; INJURY; REST AB Purpose: To systematically review the literature examining the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on swallowing and neural activation. The review was conducted as part of a series examining the effects of oral motor exercises (OMEs) on speech, swallowing, and neural activation. Method: A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 1960 to 2007. All studies meeting the exclusion/inclusion criteria were appraised for quality and categorized as efficacy or exploratory research based on predetermined criteria. Results: Out of 899 citations initially identified for the broad review of OMEs, 14 articles relating to NMES qualified for inclusion. Most of the studies (10/14) were considered exploratory research, and many had significant methodological limitations. Conclusions: This systematic review reveals that surface NMES to the neck has been most extensively studied with promising findings, yet high-quality controlled trials are needed to provide evidence of efficacy. Surface NMES to the palate, faucial pillars, and pharynx has been explored in Phase I research, but no evidence of efficacy is currently available. Intramuscular NMES has been investigated in a single Phase I exploratory study. Additional research is needed to document the effects of such protocols on swallowing performance. C1 [Schooling, Tracy] Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc, Natl Ctr Evidence Based Practice Commun Disorders, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Clark, Heather] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Lazarus, Cathy] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Arvedson, Joan] Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Schooling, T (reprint author), Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc, Natl Ctr Evidence Based Practice Commun Disorders, 2200 Res Blvd 245, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0088) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 515OA UT WOS:000271480500006 PM 19726568 ER PT J AU Loeb, DF Gillam, RB Hoffman, L Brandel, J Marquis, J AF Loeb, Diane Frome Gillam, Ronald B. Hoffman, LaVae Brandel, Jayne Marquis, Janet TI The Effects of Fast ForWord Language on the Phonemic Awareness and Reading Skills of School-Age Children With Language Impairments and Poor Reading Skills SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fast ForWord Language; specific language impairment; phonological awareness; word reading; evidence-based intervention ID TEMPORAL PROCESSING DEFICITS; ACOUSTICALLY MODIFIED SPEECH; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; DISABILITIES; DIFFICULTIES; INSTRUCTION; EFFICACY AB Purpose: To examine the efficacy of Fast ForWord Language (FFW-L) and 2 other interventions for improving the phonemic awareness and reading skills of children with specific language impairment with concurrent 'poor reading skills. Method: A total of 103 children (age 6;0 to 8;11 [years;months]) with language impairment and poor reading skills participated. The children received either FFW-L computerized intervention, a computer-assisted language intervention (CALI), an individualized language intervention (ILI), or an attention control (AC) computer program. Results: The children in the FFW-L, CALI, and ILI conditions made significantly greater gains in blending sounds in words compared with the AC group at immediate posttest. Long-term gains 6 months after treatment were not significant but yielded a medium effect size for blending sounds in words. None of the interventions led to significant changes in reading skills. Conclusion: The improvement in phonemic awareness, but not reading, in the FFW-L, CALI, and ILI interventions limits their use with children who have language impairment and poor reading skills. Similar results across treatment conditions suggest that acoustically modified speech was not a necessary component for improving phonemic awareness. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 376 EP 387 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0067) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 515OA UT WOS:000271480500007 PM 19564439 ER PT J AU Teoh, AP Chin, SB AF Teoh, Amy P. Chin, Steven B. TI Transcribing the Speech of Children With Cochlear Implants: Clinical Application of Narrow Phonetic Transcriptions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cochlear implants; speech; phonology; phonetic transcription ID INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT; DISORDERED SPEECH; PEDIATRIC USERS; ARTICULATION AB Purpose: The phonological systems of children with cochlear implants may include segment inventories that contain both target and nontarget speech sounds. These children may not consistently follow phonological rules of the target language. These issues present a challenge for the clinical speech-language pathologist who uses phonetic transcriptions to evaluate speech production skills and to develop a plan of care. The purposes of this tutorial are to (a) identify issues associated with phonetic transcriptions of the speech of children with cochlear implants and (b) discuss implications for assessment. Method: Narrow transcription data from an ongoing, longitudinal research study were catalogued and reviewed. Study participants had at least 5 years of cochlear implant experience and used spoken American English as a primary means of communication. In this tutorial, selected phonetic symbols and phonetic phenomena are reviewed. Conclusions: A set of principles for phonetic transcriptions is proposed. Narrow phonetic transcriptions that include all segment possibilities in the International Phonetic Alphabet and extensions for disordered speech are needed to capture the subtleties of the speech of children with cochlear implants. Narrow transcriptions also may play a key role in planning treatment. C1 [Teoh, Amy P.; Chin, Steven B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Teoh, AP (reprint author), 2397 Hopkins Farm Court, Browns Summit, NC 27214 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 388 EP 401 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0076) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 515OA UT WOS:000271480500008 PM 19880945 ER PT J AU Hidecker, MJC Jones, RS Imig, DR Villarruel, FA AF Hidecker, Mary Jo Cooley Jones, Rebecca S. Imig, David R. Villarruel, Francisco A. TI Using Family Paradigms to Improve Evidence-Based Practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; augmentative and alternative communication; family-centered practices ID IMPLEMENTATION; MEDICINE; PARENTS AB Purpose: Evidence-based practice (EBP) describes clinical decision making using research, clinical experience, and client values. For family-centered practices, the client's family is integral to this process. This article proposes that using family paradigms, a family science framework, may help elicit and understand client/family values within family-centered EBP. Method: This article describes the family paradigms framework: 4 classic paradigms of "closed," "random," "open," and "synchronous." Its applicability to family-centered EBP is proposed using augmentative and alternative communication examples. Results: A family-centered approach to EBP requires families to be an integral part of clinical decision making, but some families may need assistance in enumerating their views and values. Family paradigms (which consider how a family uses its resources of time, space, energy, and material in the pursuit of its goals of control, affect, meaning, and content) may be a way to elicit family values and preferences relevant to clinical decisions. Conclusions: Family and client values can beincorporated throughout the EBP steps. Considering family paradigms may increase awareness and understanding of how families views of their goals and resources affect clinical decisions. Further research is needed into both the processes and effectiveness of using family paradigms to conduct family-centered EBP. C1 [Hidecker, Mary Jo Cooley; Imig, David R.; Villarruel, Francisco A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hidecker, MJC (reprint author), Univ Cent Arkansas, Speech & Language Pathol Dept, Box 4985, Conway, AR 72035 USA. EM mjchidecker@uca.edu RI Binger, Cathy/C-5922-2009 CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2005, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2004, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI Angelo D. H., 2000, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V16, P37, DOI 10.1080/07434610012331278894 Bamm EL, 2008, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V89, P1618, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.12.034 Beukelman D., 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3rd CALCULATOR SN, 1991, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V7, P204, DOI 10.1080/07434619112331275903 Constantine L. 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E., 2007, EVIDENCE BASED COMMU, V1, P48, DOI 10.1080/17489530701228272 Straus SE, 2005, EVIDENCE BASED MED P SWEENEY LA, 1999, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, P231 TOULIATOS J, 1999, HDB FAMILY MEASUREME VANBIERVLIET A, 1999, FAMILIES CULTURES AA VILLARRUEL FA, 1995, M CHALLENGE LINGUIST, V6, P103 Ward M, 1997, FAM RELAT, V46, P257, DOI 10.2307/585123 ZANGARI C, 1997, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, P235 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0011) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 479YD UT WOS:000268697300002 PM 19641196 ER PT J AU Sharp, HM Shega, JW AF Sharp, Helen M. Shega, Joseph W. TI Feeding Tube Placement in Patients With Advanced Dementia: The Beliefs and Practice Patterns of Speech-Language Pathologists SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nutrition and hydration; ethics; end-of-life care; quality of life; professional practices ID PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; SEVERE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; DECISION-MAKING; CARE; NUTRITION; PEG; END; PERSPECTIVE; ATTITUDES AB Purpose: To describe the beliefs and practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) about the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) among patients with advanced dementia and dysphagia. Method: A survey was mailed to a geographically stratified random sample of 1,050 medical SLPs. Results: The response rate was 57%, and 326 surveys met inclusion criteria. Fifty-six percent of SLPs recommended PEG for a patient with advanced dementia and dysphagia. Contrary to the evidence, many respondents believed that PEG improves nutritional status and increases survival. Relatively few SLPs believed that PEG improved patients' functional status or quality of life. Patient factors (e.g., age or prognosis) were more often identified as influences on recommendations for PEG than were extrinsic factors (e.g., cost). Nearly 40% believed that PEG was the standard of care, while 15% believed it should be. Very few SLPs (11 %) would want a PEG themselves. Perceived standard of care was significantly related to both geographic region and population density (p < .05), but self-reported practices were not. Conclusions: Discrepancies between SLPs' beliefs, the literature, and self-reported practices were observed. The findings suggest the need to connect the evidence base to clinical practice and to include SLPs in local and national discussions about end-of-life care protocols. C1 [Sharp, Helen M.] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0013) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 479YD UT WOS:000268697300003 PM 19106205 ER PT J AU Thistle, JJ Wilkinson, K AF Thistle, Jennifer J. Wilkinson, Krista TI The Effects of Color Cues on Typically Developing Preschoolers' Speed of Locating a Target Line Drawing: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Design SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aided symbols; visual processing; visual search; symbol identification ID AAC TECHNOLOGIES; DIRECT SELECTION; TERM-MEMORY; RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; IMPAIRMENT; LAYOUTS; SYMBOLS; SURFACE; VISION AB Purpose: This research examined how the presence of color in relation to a target within an augmentative and alternative communication array influenced the speed with which typically developing preschoolers located a target line drawing. Method: Fifteen children over the age of 4 years (from 4;2 [years;months] to 5;4) and 15 children under the age of 4 years (2;10-3;11) participated. Participants were asked to find a target line drawing of foods (e.g., banana and tomato) among an array of 12. The reactiontime of locating the target was measured across 4 conditions in which the foreground color and the background color of the line drawing were manipulated. Results: For all participants, line drawings featuring foreground color provided greater advantages in the speed of locating the target compared with drawings featuring only background color. Younger participants demonstrated faster reaction times when color was limited to the foreground. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider incorporating color in the foreground of the line drawing when constructing visual displays. Targets that contain only background color but no fore-ground color appear to have a negative effect on the speed with which younger children can locate a target. Further research is needed to determine the effects in children with disabilities. C1 [Thistle, Jennifer J.; Wilkinson, Krista] Emerson Coll, Boston, MA 02116 USA. RP Thistle, JJ (reprint author), Emerson Coll, Boston, MA 02116 USA. 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M., 2004, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V20, P123, DOI 10.1080/07434610410001699717 Wilkinson KM, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P123, DOI 10.1080/07434610500483620 WURM LH, 1993, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V19, P899, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.19.4.899 Xu YD, 2002, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V28, P458, DOI 10.1037//0096-1523.28.2.458 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0029) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 479YD UT WOS:000268697300004 PM 19332524 ER PT J AU Nippold, MA Mansfield, TC Billow, JL Tomblin, JB AF Nippold, Marilyn A. Mansfield, Tracy C. Billow, Jesse L. Tomblin, J. Bruce TI Syntactic Development in Adolescents With a History of Language Impairments: A Follow-Up Investigation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescents; language impairment; complex syntax; language sampling ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; EXPOSITORY DISCOURSE; LEARNING DISABILITIES; COMPLEX SYNTAX; PRESCHOOLERS; OUTCOMES; ADULTS; SKILLS; SLI AB Purpose: Syntactic development in adolescents was examined using a spoken discourse task and standardized testing. The primary goal was to determine whether adolescents with a history of language impairments would differ from those with a history of typical language development (TLD). This is a companion study to one that examined these same adolescents 2 years earlier (M. A. Nippold, T. C, Mansfield, J. L. Billow, & J. B. Tomblin, 2008). Method: The participants were 15-year-old adolescents with a history of specific language impairment (SLI; n = 102), nonspecific language impairment (NLI; n = 77), or TLD (n = 247). A sample of spoken discourse was elicited using a Peer Conflict Resolution (PCR) task and analyzed for mean length of T-unit, clausal density, and subordinate clause use. In addition, 2 subtests from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Third Edition (E. Semel, E. H. Wiig, & W. A. Secord, 1995), Concepts and Directions and Recalling Sentences, were administered. Results: On the PCR task, the TLD group outperformed the SLI and NLI groups on mean length of T-unit, clausal density, and nominal clause use, and the TLD group outperformed the NLI group on relative clause use. On the standardized testing, the TLD group outperformed the SLI and NLI groups, and the SLI group outperformed the NLI group. Correlation coefficients calculated between the nonstandardized and standardized measures of syntax were statistically significant and positive. Conclusions: Speech-language pathologists may wish to employ the PCR task to examine syntactic development in adolescents as a supplement to standardized testing. C1 [Nippold, Marilyn A.] Univ Oregon, Coll Educ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Tomblin, J. Bruce] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Nippold, MA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Coll Educ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM nippold@uoregon.edu RI Koshnick, Damian/A-8588-2012 CR ARAM DM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P232 Beitchman JH, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P804, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199606000-00021 Berman R. A., 2004, LANGUAGE DEV CHILDHO BERMAN RA, 2002, WRITTEN LANGUAGE LIT, V0005 Bishop DVM, 2005, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P25, DOI 10.1348/026151004X20685 Brinton B, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P927 Brinton B., 1993, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V24, P194 Chomsky N., 1965, ASPECTS THEORY SYNTA Cohen J., 1969, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA Conti-Ramsden G, 2008, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V51, P70, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/005) CREWS F, 1977, RANDOM HOUSE HDB CRYSTAL D, 1996, REDISCOVER GRAMMAR D Culatta B., 1983, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V14, P66 Diessel Holger, 2004, ACQUISITION COMPLEX Eisenberg S. 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A., 2007, LATER LANGUAGE DEV S Nippold MA, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P1048, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/073) Nippold MA, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P356, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0049) NIPPOLD MA, EXPOSITORY IN PRESS Nippold MA, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P179, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/022) Paul R., 2007, LANGUAGE DISORDERS I Quirk R., 1973, CONCISE GRAMMAR CONT SCHICKEDANZ JA, 2000, UNDERSTANDING CHILDR Scott CM, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P324 SELMAN RL, 1986, DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P450, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.22.4.450 Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Snowling M, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P587, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099005752 STEPHENS DB, 1985, WATER RESOUR RES, V21, P45, DOI 10.1029/WR021i001p00045 Stothard SE, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P407 Tomblin JB, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P1245 VERHOEVEN L, 2002, WRITTEN LANGUAGE LIT, V0005 Ward-Lonergan JM, 1999, J LEARN DISABIL, V32, P213, DOI 10.1177/002221949903200303 Wechsler D., 1989, WPPSI R MANUAL WECHS NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0022) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 479YD UT WOS:000268697300005 PM 19106210 ER PT J AU O'Neil-Pirozzi, TM AF O'Neil-Pirozzi, Therese M. TI Feasibility and Benefit of Parent Participation in a Program Emphasizing Preschool Child Language Development While Homeless SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parents; preschool children; homeless people; language ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MOTHERS; LOW-INCOME; DAY-CARE; READING INTERVENTION; EMERGENT LITERACY; BOOK; IMPAIRMENT; STRATEGIES; TODDLERS; CONTEXT AB Purpose: This exploratory study examined the feasibility of homeless parents' participation in an intervention to increase use of facilitating language strategies during interactions with their preschool children while residing in family homeless shelters. This study also examined the intervention's impact on the parents' use of facilitating language strategies, regardless of parent performance on a single-word receptive vocabulary test. Method: Using a prospective, pretest/posttest comparison group design, 12 parents were randomly assigned to a 4-session experimental group training emphasizing use of facilitating language utterances with children following vocabulary testing. Four parents were randomly assigned to a control group intervention. Results: It was feasible for parents to participate in the intervention. Before the intervention, individual experimental group parents with poor test performance demonstrated relatively high use of facilitating language utterances. After the intervention, the experimental group increased use of facilitating language utterances during interactions with their children. Conclusions: This exploratory study provides initial evidence that it is feasible for parents to participate in, and benefit from, a brief language-based group intervention while residing in family homeless shelters. Further study of language-based interventions for these at-risk families and of the possible impact of parent language functioning on intervention benefit is needed. C1 [O'Neil-Pirozzi, Therese M.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP O'Neil-Pirozzi, TM (reprint author), NE Univ Speech Language Pathol & Audiol, 20 Parklawn Rd, W Roxbury, MA 02132 USA. EM t.oneil-pirozzi@neu.edu CR ANDERSONYOCKEL J, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P583 BANYARD VL, 1995, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V65, P479, DOI 10.1037/h0079667 Banyard VL, 1995, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V23, P871, DOI 10.1007/BF02507019 Baxendale J, 2003, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V38, P397, DOI 10.1080/1368282031000121651 Blom-Hoffman J., 2006, J APPL SCH PSYCHOL, V23, P117 Bloom L, 1978, LANGUAGE DEV LANGUAG Cross T. G., 1977, TALKING CHILDREN LAN, P151 Delaney EM, 2001, BEHAV DISORDERS, V26, P93 Dickinson D., 2001, BEGINNING LIT LANGUA Dunn LM, 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA *FED INT FOR CHILD, 2007, AM CHILDR KEY NAT IN Fey ME, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P3, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/048) FLACK M, 1997, ANGUS CAT GEWIRTZMAN R, 1987, CHILD WELFARE, V66, P237 Girolametto L, 2007, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V38, P72, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2007/007) Girolametto L, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P364 Girolametto L, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P299, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/076) Girolametto L., 2006, TREATMENT LANGUAGE D, P77 Hammer CS, 2000, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V9, P126 Hammer CS, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1219 Hancock TB, 2006, TREATMENT LANGUAGE D, P203 HEATH S, 1982, LANG SOC, V2, P49 Heath S. B., 1983, WAYS WORDS Hoff E, 2002, HDB PARENTING, V2, P231 Hoff E, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P1368, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00612 HUTTENLOCHER J, 1991, DEV PSYCHOL, V27, P236, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.236 LASKY EZ, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P7 Lonigan CJ, 1998, EARLY CHILD RES Q, V13, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2006(99)80038-6 LOWE E, 2002, STATUS REPORT HUNGER Main M., 1974, EFFECT INFANT ITS CA, P49 Neuman SB, 2001, READ RES QUART, V36, P8, DOI 10.1598/RRQ.36.1.1 OBRIEN M, 1987, J CHILD LANG, V14, P269 O'Neil-Pirozzi TM, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P278, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/026) O'Neil-Pirozzi TM, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P229, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/069) REESE E, 2003, READING BOOKS CHILDR, P37 Reese E, 1999, DEV PSYCHOL, V35, P20, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.20 Rescorla Leslie, 1993, Seminars in Speech and Language, V14, P264, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064176 RILEY L, 1997, MOUSE MESS Risley T. R., 1995, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC Robey RR, 1998, APHASIOLOGY, V12, P787, DOI 10.1080/02687039808249573 Sigel I. E., 1984, DEV ORAL WRITTEN LAN, P71 SNOW CE, 1982, LANGUAGE CHILDREN RE, P53 SNOW CE, 1977, J CHILD LANG, V4, P1 SORSBY AJ, 1991, J CHILD LANG, V18, P373 Spaulding TJ, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V37, P61, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2006/007) Tabors P., 2001, BEGINNING LITERACY L, P111 Tannock R., 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU, P49 *US C MAYORS, 2003, STAT REP HUNGG HOM A VALDEZMENCHACA MC, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P1106, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.28.6.1106 van Kleeck A, 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P67 van Kleeck A, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P85, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/009) Vygotsky Lev Semyonovitch, 1978, MIND SOC DEV HIGHER Weinreb LF, 2006, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V96, P1444, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.069310 Whitehurst G. J., 2001, HDB EARLY LITERACY R, P11 WHITEHURST GJ, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P679, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.5.679 WHITEHURST GJ, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P552, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.552 WHITMAN BY, 1990, SOC WORK, V35, P516 Zevenberger A. A., 2003, READING BOOKS CHILDR, P177 Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 252 EP 263 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0006) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 479YD UT WOS:000268697300006 PM 19106208 ER PT J AU Langevin, M Packman, A Onslow, M AF Langevin, Marilyn Packman, Ann Onslow, Mark TI Peer Responses to Stuttering in the Preschool Setting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering; child; preschool; peer responses; interpersonal relations ID CONFLICT-RESOLUTION; LONG-TERM; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; PLAY; VICTIMIZATION; RELIABILITY; AGGRESSION; FRIENDSHIP; SCALE AB Purpose: This study investigated peer responses to preschoolers' stuttering in preschool and sought to determine whether specific characteristics of participants' stuttering patterns elicited negative peer responses. Method: Four outdoor free-play sessions of 4 preschoolers age 3-4 years who stutter were videotaped. Stutters were identified on transcripts of the play sessions. Peer responses to stuttered utterances were judged to be negative or neutral/positive. Thereafter, participants' stuttering behaviors, durations of stutters, and judgments of the meaningfulness of peer-directed stuttered utterances were analyzed. Results: Between 71.4% and 100% of peer responses were judged to be neutral/positive. In the negative responses across 3 participants, peers were observed to react with confusion or to interrupt, mock, walk away from, or ignore the stuttered utterances. Utterances that elicited negative responses were typically meaningless and contained stutters that were behaviorally complex and/or of longer duration. Other social interaction difficulties also were observed-for example, difficulty leading peers in play, participating in pretend play, and resolving conflicts. Conclusions: Results indicate that the majority of peer responses to stuttered utterances were neutral/positive; however, results also indicate that stuttering has the potential to elicit negative peer responses and affect other social interactions in preschool. C1 [Langevin, Marilyn; Packman, Ann; Onslow, Mark] Univ Sydney, Australian Stuttering Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Langevin, M (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Inst Stuttering Treatment & Res, Fac Rehabil Med, 1500 8215-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada. EM marilyn.langevin@ualberta.ca CR ANDREWS G, 1984, NATURE TREATMENT STU, P1 Arora C.M.J., 1994, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V10, P155, DOI 10.1080/0266736940100304 Blood GW, 2007, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V104, P1060, DOI 10.2466/PMS.104.4.1060-1066 Langevin M, 2004, EVDIENCE-BASED TREATMENT OF STUTTERING: EMPIRICAL BASES AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, P139 Bukowski W. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/07-0087) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 479YD UT WOS:000268697300007 PM 19332523 ER PT J AU Skarakis-Doyle, E Campbell, W Dempsey, L AF Skarakis-Doyle, Elizabeth Campbell, Wenonah Dempsey, Lynn TI Identification of Children With Language Impairment: Investigating the Classification Accuracy of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, Level III SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parent report; language assessment; language impairment ID PARENT-REPORT MEASURE; AT-RISK INFANTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; VOCABULARY; CONCURRENT; SKILLS; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Purpose: This study tested the accuracy with which the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, Level III (CDI-III), a parent report measure of language ability, discriminated children with language impairment from those developing language typically. Method: Parents of 58 children, 49 with typically developing language (age 30 to 42 months) and 9 with language impairment (age 31 to 45 months) completed the CDI-III, a 2-page questionnaire that includes 100 vocabulary items, 12 sentence pairs, and 12 questions regarding linguistic concepts., Results: A discriminant analysis indicated that the CD-III total score together with age classified children into language status groups with 96.6% accuracy overall. The corresponding likelihood ratios supported this strong level of accuracy, although precision may not be as high as indicated by broad confidence intervals. Conclusions: Results of this study contribute to the accumulating evidence on the types of valid inferences that may be made from the CDI-III, specifically its classification accuracy. Further research should continue to investigate classification accuracy in larger samples with broader maternal education levels and with different types of language impairments. Additional research should also investigate the classification accuracy when the CDI-III is used in combination with other tests. C1 [Skarakis-Doyle, Elizabeth] Univ Western Ontario, Sch Commun Sci & Disorders, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada. RP Skarakis-Doyle, E (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Sch Commun Sci & Disorders, London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada. 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TI Evaluation of a Deductive Procedure to Teach Grammatical Inflections to Children With Language Impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE child language intervention; language impairment; school-age children ID ENGLISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; AGREEMENT; TENSE; MORPHOLOGY; EXPLICIT; MORPHEME; SPEECH; ACQUISITION AB Purpose: To evaluate the learning effects of a deductive language-teaching procedure when teaching a novel gender agreement verb inflection to children with language impairment. Method: Thirty-two 6-8-year-old children with language impairment were randomly assigned to either a deductive (N = 16) or an inductive (N = 16) treatment group. In the deductive treatment, the examiner presented a rule guiding the novel inflection to be learned as well as models of the inflection. In the inductive treatment, only models of the verb inflection were presented. Learning was assessed in 3 different production contexts during each of 4 treatment sessions. Results: Significantly more participants in the deductive group than the inductive group acquired the novel morpheme based on a teaching probe (110 vs. 3), generalization probe (10 vs. 3), and maintenance probe (7 vs. 2). Task performance was not significantly influenced by language ability or nonverbal intelligence. Conclusions: The deductive teaching procedure was found to be efficacious when teaching a novel grammatical inflection. However, this effect was limited because treatment gains varied across participants, testing contexts, and sessions. Future studies should continue to examine the efficacy of deductive procedures when integrated into traditional implicit approaches for children with language impairment. C1 [Finestack, Lizbeth H.; Fey, Marc E.] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS USA. 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K., 1989, ANAL QUANTITATIVE BE SWISHER L, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P168 Tomblin JB, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1284 Tomblin JB, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P1245 Tomblin JB, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P1283, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/100) Tyler AA, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P1077, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/085) NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0041) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 479YD UT WOS:000268697300009 PM 19332525 ER PT J AU Leonard, LB AF Leonard, Laurence B. TI Is Expressive Language Disorder an Accurate Diagnostic Category? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expressive language disorder; specific language impairment; language disorders ID ENGLISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN; PRODUCTION OPERATIONS; 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; MEMORY DEFICITS; WORKING-MEMORY; IMPAIRMENT; COMPREHENSION; TENSE; CLASSIFICATION; SPEECH AB Purpose: To propose that the diagnostic category of "expressive language disorder" as distinct from a disorder of both expressive and receptive language might not be accurate. Method: Evidence that casts doubt on a pure form of this disorder is reviewed from several sources, including the literature on genetic findings, theories of language impairments, and the outcomes of late talkers with expressive language delays. Areas of language that are problematic in production but not readily amenable to comprehension testing are also discussed. Conclusions: The notion of expressive language disorder has been formalized in classification systems and is implicit if not explicit in the organization of many standardized tests. However, a close inspection of the evidence suggests that deficits in language expression are typically accompanied by limitations in language knowledge or difficulties processing language input. For this reason, the diagnostic category of expressive language disorder should be used with considerable caution. This view has implications for both research and clinical practice. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Leonard, LB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, 500 Oval Dr,Heavilon Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. 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H., 2004, CLIN EVALUATION LANG WILSON BC, 1986, BRAIN LANG, V27, P281, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(86)90021-0 WOLFUS B, 1980, BRAIN LANG, V10, P152, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(80)90046-2 World Health Organization, 2005, INT STAT CLASS DIS R Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0064) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 442UB UT WOS:000265865000002 PM 19029534 ER PT J AU Kempster, GB Gerratt, BR Abbott, KV Barkmeier-Kraemer, J Hillman, RE AF Kempster, Gail B. Gerratt, Bruce R. Abbott, Katherine Verdolini Barkmeier-Kraemer, Julie Hillman, Robert E. TI Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice: Development of a Standardized Clinical Protocol SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice; voice; voice assessment ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; QUALITY; RELIABILITY; SCALE; GRBAS AB Purpose: This article presents the development of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) following a consensus conference on perceptual voice quality measurement sponsored by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Special Interest Division 3, Voice and Voice Disorders. The CAPE-V protocol and recording form were designed to promote a standardized approach to evaluating and documenting auditory-perceptual judgments of vocal quality. Method: A summary of the consensus conference proceedings and the factors considered by the authors in developing this instrument are included. Conclusion: The CAPE-V form and instructions, included as appendices to this article, enable clinicians to document perceived voice quality deviations following a standard (i.e., consistent and specified) protocol. C1 [Kempster, Gail B.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Commun Disorders & Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Gerratt, Bruce R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Abbott, Katherine Verdolini] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Barkmeier-Kraemer, Julie] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hillman, Robert E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kempster, GB (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Commun Disorders & Sci, 1653 W Congress Pkwy,203 Senn, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. 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K., 1987, VOICE PROBLEMS CHILD ZRAICK R, 2007, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Zwicker E, 1999, PSYCHOACOUSTICS FACT NR 30 TC 108 Z9 113 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0017) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 442UB UT WOS:000265865000003 PM 18930908 ER PT J AU Narayana, S Jacks, A Robin, DA Poizner, H Zhang, W Franklin, C Liotti, M Vogel, D Fox, PT AF Narayana, Shalini Jacks, Adam Robin, Donald A. Poizner, Howard Zhang, Wei Franklin, Crystal Liotti, Mario Vogel, Deanie Fox, Peter T. TI A Noninvasive Imaging Approach to Understanding Speech Changes Following Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; neuroimaging; deep brain stimulation; transcranial magnetic stimulation ID SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS STIMULATION; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; BILATERAL STIMULATION; PALLIDOTOMY SURGERY; NETWORK MODULATION; MOTOR CONTROL; ORAL CONTROL; DYSARTHRIA; DISORDER; LANGUAGE AB Purpose: To explore the use of noninvasive functional imaging and "virtual" lesion techniques to study the neural mechanisms underlying motor speech disorders in Parkinson's disease. Here, we report the use of positron emission tomography (PET) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explain exacerbated speech impairment following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Method: Perceptual and acoustic speech measures, as well as cerebral blood flow during speech as measured by PET, were obtained with STN-DBS on and off. TMS was applied to a region in the speech motor network found to be abnormally active during DBS. Speech disruption by TMS was compared both perceptually and acoustically with speech produced with DBS on. Results: Speech production was perceptually inferior and acoustically less contrastive during left STN stimulation compared to no stimulation. Increased neural activity in left dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) was observed during IDBS on. "Virtual" lesioning of this region resulted in speech characterized by decreased speech segment duration, increased pause duration, and decreased intelligibility. Conclusions: This case report provides evidence that impaired speech production accompanying STN-DBS may result from unintended activation of PMd. Clinical application of functional imaging and TMS may lead to optimizing the delivery of STN-DBS to improve outcomes for speech production as well as general motor abilities. C1 [Narayana, Shalini; Jacks, Adam; Robin, Donald A.; Zhang, Wei; Franklin, Crystal; Fox, Peter T.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Res Imaging Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Robin, Donald A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Honors Coll, San Antonio, TX USA. [Poizner, Howard] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Liotti, Mario] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Fox, Peter T.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Vogel, Deanie] Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Narayana, S (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Res Imaging Ctr, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr MSC 6240, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 146 EP 161 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0004) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 442UB UT WOS:000265865000005 PM 19029533 ER PT J AU Watson, PJ Schlauch, RS AF Watson, Peter J. Schlauch, Robert S. TI Fundamental Frequency Variation With an Electrolarynx Improves Speech Understanding: A Case Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intelligibility; electrolarynx; F0 variability ID SENTENCE LEVEL; INTELLIGIBILITY; REHABILITATION; ESOPHAGEAL; PERCEPTION; CONTOURS; HEARING; NOISE AB Purpose: This study-examined the effect of fundamental frequency (F0) variation on the intelligibility of speech in an alaryngeal talker who used an electrolarynx (EL). Method: One experienced alaryngeal talker produced variable F0 and a constant F0 with his EL as he read sentences aloud. As a control, a group of sentences with variable F0 was flattened at a constant F0. Twenty listeners heard these sentences in background noise and wrote down what they heard. Results: Speech understanding was on average 14% better with variable F0 controlled by the talker than the sentences produced with a constant F0 and the control sentences resynthesized with flattened F0. Conclusions: Variable F0 contributes to speech understanding in noise. Because speech produced by an EL is considered to have poorer intelligibility in relation to other alaryngeal methods, training alaryngeal talkers to use variable F0 may prove to be of significant benefit for communication for those who use electrolarynges. C1 [Watson, Peter J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Watson, PJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, 164 Pillsbury Dr,Shevlin 115, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM pjwatson@umn.edu CR Bess F. 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PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0025) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 442UB UT WOS:000265865000006 PM 19106204 ER PT J AU Lovelace, S Stewart, SR AF Lovelace, Sherri Stewart, Sharon R. TI Effects of Robust Vocabulary Instruction and Multicultural Text on the Development of Word Knowledge Among African American Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cultural and linguistic diversity; vocabulary; storybooks; African American; word knowledge ID READING-COMPREHENSION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AT-RISK; ACQUISITION; LANGUAGE; INTERVENTION; STORYBOOKS; KINDERGARTNERS; PRESCHOOLERS; EXPERIENCES AB Purpose: To examine the effect of a systematic vocabulary instructional technique in African American 2nd-grade children with below average vocabulary skills. An additional goal was to examine the role of book type in the retention of novel vocabulary words. Method: Using an adapted alternating treatments design, storybooks were used as a source for contextualizing vocabulary words in the context of robust vocabulary training. Five children's productive definitions were used to assess developing word knowledge using a 4-stage continuum ranging from no knowledge to full concept knowledge. Results: Superior word learning for instruction words in comparison with control words replicated across children provided evidence of behavior change that was attributable to robust vocabulary instruction. Gains in word learning were maintained 2 weeks following conclusion of the study. Use of storybooks that displayed sociocultural images and experiences that were similar to versus different from their own did not have a reliable effect on word learning among these African American children. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the potential impact of robust vocabulary instruction for facilitating vocabulary development in children with below average vocabulary skills. Analysis of the results indicates that the use of the African American book was not a potent influence in facilitating retention of words. C1 [Lovelace, Sherri] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Stewart, Sharon R.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Lovelace, S (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, 106 Rose St, Jonesboro, AR USA. EM slovelace@astate.edu CR Anderson R. C., 1983, ADV READING LANGUAGE, V2, P231 Apthorp HS, 2006, J EDUC RES, V100, P67, DOI 10.3200/JOER.100.2.67-79 Baker S. 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M, 2006, CONTEXTUALIZED LANGU, P95 Washington JA, 1999, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V30, P75 WHITEHURST GJ, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P552, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.552 Wolfram W, 1999, DIALECTS SCH COMMUNI WRIGHT RL, 1983, J NEGRO EDUC, V52, P3, DOI 10.2307/2294743 NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0023) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 442UB UT WOS:000265865000007 PM 19106209 ER PT J AU Hester, EJ Stevens-Ratchford, R AF Hester, Eva Jackson Stevens-Ratchford, Regena TI Health Literacy and the Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health literacy; research; assessment; intervention ID MANAGED CARE ORGANIZATION; OLDER-ADULTS; MEDICARE ENROLLEES; COGNITIVE DECLINE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; COMMUNICATION; PEOPLE; INFORMATION; APHASIA; COMPREHENSION AB Purpose: This article reviews concepts of health literacy-and discusses the role of speech-language pathologists in improving the health literacy of individuals with and without communication disorders. Method: A literature review was completed of health literacy definitions, concepts, and health literacy assessment and intervention studies with various populations. A literature review was also conducted regarding health literacy or related studies in the field of speech-language pathology. Conclusion: There is a paucity of information available on health literacy within the field of speech-language pathology. Suggestions are offered regarding increasing health literacy research and intervention by speech-language pathologists. C1 [Hester, Eva Jackson; Stevens-Ratchford, Regena] Towson Univ, Towson, MD 21214 USA. RP Hester, EJ (reprint author), Towson Univ, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21214 USA. EM ehester@towson.edu CR Parker RM, 1999, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V281, P552 Aleligay A, 2008, APHASIOLOGY, V22, P383, DOI 10.1080/02687030701415872 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2008, HLTH LIT [Anonymous], HLTH PEOPL 2010 Baker DW, 2000, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V55, pS368 Baker DW, 2002, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V92, P1278, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1278 Baker DW, 1999, PATIENT EDUC COUNS, V38, P33, DOI 10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00116-5 Bennett IM, 2003, FAM MED, V35, P585 Benson JG, 2002, GERONTOLOGY, V48, P93 CARISVERHALLEN W, 1999, J ADV NURS, V5, P1106 Champley J., 2008, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V29, P131, DOI 10.1177/1525740108315365 Chew LD, 2004, FAM MED, V36, P588 Cooper L. 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A., 2004, HDB LANGUAGE LIT DEV, P3 Street Jr R. L., 2003, HDB COMMUNICATION SO, P909 Tran AN, 2004, PATIENT EDUC COUNS, V52, P113, DOI 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00002-8 Tzourio C, 1999, NEUROLOGY, V53, P1948 UKRAINETZ T, 2005, CONTEXTUALIZED LANGU Williams Mark V., 1995, JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), V274, P1677, DOI 10.1001/jama.274.21.1677 Williams MV, 2002, FAM MED, V34, P383 Worrall L, 2005, APHASIOLOGY, V19, P923, DOI 10.1080/02687030544000137 1999, JAMA HLTH LIT LACKIN NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 EI 1558-9110 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 180 EP 191 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0005) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 442UB UT WOS:000265865000008 PM 19332527 ER PT J AU Horton-Ikard, R Munoz, ML Thomas-Tate, S Keller-Bell, Y AF Horton-Ikard, RaMonda Munoz, Maria L. Thomas-Tate, Shurita Keller-Bell, Yolanda TI Establishing a Pedagogical Framework for the Multicultural Course in Communication Sciences and Disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multicultural course; pedagogy; training ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN PRESCHOOLERS; COUNSELING COMPETENCES; CULTURAL COMPETENCE; LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT; BILINGUAL-CHILDREN; ATTITUDES; SPANISH; INTERVENTION; LITERACY; TODDLERS AB Purpose: To provide an overview of a model for teaching a foundational course in multicultural (MC) issues and to demonstrate how it can be modified for use in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) by integrating 3 primary dimensions of cultural competence: awareness, knowledge, and skills. Method: This tutorial begins by establishing the need for a basic foundational course in MC issues for CSD. Next, the authors describe a framework for MC instruction developed in the field of clinical counseling. Finally, the framework is modified and applied to the implementation of an MC course in CSD. Conclusion: The MC course in CSD can provide a useful foundation for facilitating the cultural competence of students in university training programs that have infused MC material across the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's 9 content areas. C1 [Horton-Ikard, RaMonda; Thomas-Tate, Shurita] Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Munoz, Maria L.] Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Keller-Bell, Yolanda] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Horton-Ikard, R (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, 407 Reg Rehabil Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM rhorton2@fsu.edu CR ABREU J, 2001, COUNS PSYCHOL, V29, P482 Alexander-Snow M., 2004, NEW DIRECTIONS TEACH, V99, P21 *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 1991, ASHA, V33, P39 *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 1998, STUD PROF WHO SPEAK AMATRANO I, 2002, ANN M E ED RES ASS S American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1985, CLIN MAN COMM HAND M American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005, CULT COMP American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004, KNOWL SKILLS NEED SP American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1983, SOC DIAL American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005, 2005 STAND IMPL PROC Arthur N., 2001, CANADIAN J COUNSELIN, V35, P36 BARONA A, 1990, CHILDREN RISK POVERT, P187 BOND RF, 1985, HDB ENDOTOXIN PATHOP, V2, P36 Brown SP, 1996, J COUNS DEV, V74, P510 CHEN C, 1996, AM BEHAV SCI, V40, P212 Clark Christine, 2002, MULTICULTURAL PERSPE, V4, P37, DOI 10.1207/S15327892MCP0403_7 Coll CG, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1891, DOI 10.2307/1131600 Constantine MG, 2000, J COUNS PSYCHOL, V47, P155, DOI 10.1037//0022-0167.47.2.155 Craig HK, 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P59, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2002/007) Craig HK, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P366 Day J., 1996, US BUREAU CENSUS CUR, P25 Deal K. 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B., 1983, TOP LANG DISORD, V3, P35 LESTER S, 2000, ASSESSMENT EVALUATIO, V24, P407 Losen D. J., 2002, RACIAL INEQUALITY SP MICHAELS S, 1981, LANG SOC, V10, P423 Mio JS, 2003, J MULTICULT COUNS D, V31, P12 Munoz ML, 1999, BRAIN LANG, V66, P249, DOI 10.1006/brln.1998.2021 Nieto S., 2004, AFFIRMING DIVERSITY O'Grady C., 2000, INTEGRATING SERVICE O'Hanlon L., 2005, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V26, P178, DOI 10.1177/15257401050260030601 Oetting JB, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P505, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/040) PEARSON BZ, 1993, LANG LEARN, V43, P93, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1993.tb00174.x PENA E, 1992, J SPEC EDUC, V26, P269 Gutierrez-Clellen VF, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P212, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/019) PONTEROTTO JG, 1995, J MULTICULT COUNS D, V23, P11 Pope-Davis D. B., 1995, HDB MULTICULTURAL CO, P287 Pope-Davis D. B., 1997, MULTICULTURAL COUNSE POPEDAVIS DB, 1994, J COUNS DEV, V72, P651 Restrepo M. A., 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P88 Restrepo MA, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1398 Restrepo MA, 2001, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V10, P382, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/032) Rhodes R. L., 2005, ASSESSING CULTURALLY Ridley C. R., 1997, MULTICULTURAL COUNSE, P131 RIDLEY CR, 1994, COUNS PSYCHOL, V22, P227, DOI 10.1177/0011000094222001 Ridley CR, 2001, COUNS PSYCHOL, V29, P822, DOI 10.1177/0011000001296003 Roberts P. M., 2002, APHASIOLOGY, V16, P635, DOI DOI 10.1080/02687030244000220 Roseberry-McKibbon C., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P77 Saenz T. I., 2003, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V24, P184, DOI 10.1177/15257401030240040401 STOCKMAN I, 2003, PERSPECTIVE WHAT MUL STOCKMAN I, 1995, WEB DUB LECT SER GRA STOCKMAN I, 2003, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Stockman I. J., 2004, ASHA LEADER, V20, P6 SUE D, 2003, HDB RES MULTICULTURA, P813 Sue DW, 2001, COUNS PSYCHOL, V29, P790, DOI 10.1177/0011000001296002 SUE DW, 1992, J COUNS DEV, V70, P477 SUE DW, 1999, CULTURAL DIVERSITY C, P15 TAYLOR O, 1986, TREATMENT COMMUNICAT TAYLOR OL, 1994, CROSS CULTURAL PERSP, P93 Toporek RL, 2001, J MULTICULT COUNS D, V29, P13 UMOTO J, 2000, HDB CROSS CULTURAL N, P169 WATAMORI TS, 1976, J COMMUN DISORD, V9, P157, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(76)90007-1 WATAMORI TS, 1978, BRAIN LANG, V6, P127, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(78)90052-4 WOLFRAM W, 1994, CROSS CULTURAL PERSP, P106 YOUNG RL, 2001, MULTICULTURAL PERSPE, V3, P9, DOI 10.1207/S15327892MCP0303_3 NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0086) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 442UB UT WOS:000265865000009 PM 19106206 ER PT J AU Geller, E Foley, GM AF Geller, Elaine Foley, Gilbert M. TI Expanding the "Ports of Entry" for Speech-Language Pathologists: A Relational and Reflective Model for Clinical Practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mental health; relationship-based learning; attachment theory; reflective functioning AB Purpose: To outline an expanded framework for clinical practice in speech-language pathology. This framework broadens the focus on discipline-specific knowledge and infuses mental health constructs within the study of communication sciences and disorders, with the objective of expanding the potential "ports or points of entry" (D., Stern, 1995) for clinical intervention with young children who are language impaired. Method: Specific mental health constructs are highlighted in this article. These include relationship-based learning, attachment theory, working dyadically (the client is the child and parent), reflective practice, transference-countertransference, and the use of self. Each construct is explored as to the way it has been applied in traditional and contemporary models of clinical practice. Conclusion: The underlying premise in this framework is that working from a relationally based and reflective perspective augments change and growth in both client and parent(s). The challenge is for speech-language pathologists to embed mental health constructs within their discipline-specific expertise. This leads to paying attention to both observable aspects of clients' behaviors as well as their internal affective states. C1 [Geller, Elaine] Long Isl Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Foley, Gilbert M.] Yeshiva Univ, New York, NY 10033 USA. RP Geller, E (reprint author), Long Isl Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 1 Univ Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM egeller@liu.edu CR Bowlby J, 1988, SECURE BASE PARENT C Bowlby J, 1969, ATTACHMENT Bruschweiler-Stern N., 1989, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V10, P142 Costa G., 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P113 EGGBEER L, 1994, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V7, P53 FLASHER L, 2004, COUNSELING SKILLS SP Foley G. M., 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P3 Foley G. M., 1994, ZERO 3, V14, P19 Geller E., 2006, BROADENING POR UNPUB Geller E, 2009, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V18, P22, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0053) Girolametto L., 2006, TREATMENT LANGUAGE D, P77 Greenspan S. I., 2006, INFANT EARLY CHILDHO HEFFRON MC, 1999, ZERO 3, V20, P15 Heffron MC, 2005, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V18, P323 Holland AL, 1998, APHASIOLOGY, V12, P844, DOI 10.1080/02687039808249578 KADERAVEK JN, 2004, CONT ISSUES COMMUNIC, V31, P153 Kalmanson B., 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P245 KLEIN HB, 1999, INTERVENTION PLANNIN Lahey M., 1988, LANGUAGE DISORDERS L Lieberman AE, 2004, TREATING PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION, P97 MacDonald J. D., 2004, COMMUNICATING PARTNE McDonough SC, 2004, TREATING PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION, P79 Norman-Murch T, 2005, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V18, P308 Norman-Murch T, 1996, ZERO 3, V17, P16 PAWL JH, 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P191 Prizant B., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P193 Prizant BM, 2006, SCERTS MODEL COMPREH RILEY J, 2002, CONT ISSUES COMMUNIC, V29, P6 Sameroff AJ, 2004, TREATING PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION, P3 Schon D., 1983, REFLECTIVE PRACTITIO Schon DA, 1987, ED REFLECTIVE PRACTI Seligman S., 1993, WAIMH NEWS, V1, P1 Shahmoon-Shanok R., 2000, WAIMH HDB INFANT MEN, V2, P34 Siegel D. J., 2003, PARENTING INSIDE OUT Slade A., 2002, ZERO 3, V6, P10 Sroufe L. A, 1989, RELATIONSHIP DISTURB, P70 Stern D., 1995, MOTHERHOOD CONSTELLA Stern DN, 2004, TREATING PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION, P29 WINNICOTT DW, 1960, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V41, P585 YUDKOVITZ E, 1994, P NEW YORK STAT SPEE, P1 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 4 EP 21 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0054) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400002 PM 18845696 ER PT J AU Geller, E Foley, GM AF Geller, Elaine Foley, Gilbert M. TI Broadening the "Ports of Entry" for Speech-Language Pathologists: A Relational and Reflective Model for Clinical Supervision SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mental health; supervision; adult cognitive development; relationship-based learning ID WORKING ALLIANCE; SELF AB Purpose: To offer a framework for clinical supervision in speech-language pathology that embeds a mental health perspective within the study of communication sciences and disorders. Method: Key mental health constructs are examined as to how they are applied in traditional versus relational and reflective supervision models. Comparisons between traditional and relational and reflective approaches are outlined, with reference to each mental health construct and the developmental level of the supervisee. Three stages of supervisee development are proposed based on research from various disciplines, including nursing, psychology, speech-language pathology, social work, and education. Each developmental stage is characterized by shifts or changes in the supervisee's underlying assumptions, beliefs, and patterns of behavior. Conclusion: This article makes the case that both the cognitive and affective dimensions of the supervisor-supervisee relationship need to be addressed without minimizing the necessary development of discipline-specific expertise. The developmental stages outlined in this paradigm can be used to understand supervisees' patterns of change and growth over time, as well as to create optimal learning environments that match their developmental level and knowledge base. C1 [Geller, Elaine] Long Isl Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Foley, Gilbert M.] Yeshiva Univ, New York, NY 10033 USA. RP Geller, E (reprint author), Long Isl Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 1 Univ Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM egeller@liu.edu CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2008, CLIN SUP SPEECH LANG Anderson J. L., 1988, SUPERVISORY PROCESS Bertacchi J., 1992, LEARNING SUPERVISION, P132 BORDIN ES, 1983, COUNS PSYCHOL, V11, P35, DOI 10.1177/0011000083111007 Bowlby J, 1988, SECURE BASE PARENT C BRASSEUR J, 1989, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V20, P274 Bruschweiler-Stern N., 1989, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V10, P142 CLARKELEWIS S, 2005, ANN M COUNC AC PROGR Costa G., 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P113 *COUNC CLIN CERT A, 2005, MEMB CERT HDB AM SPE Dowling S., 2001, SUPERVISION STRATEGI Fivaz-Depeursinge E, 2004, TREATING PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION, P123 Foley G. M., 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P3 Foley G. M., 1994, ZERO 3, V14, P19 Fonagy P., 1991, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V13, P200, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355 Geller E., 2006, BROADENING POR UNPUB Geller E, 2001, CLIN SUPERVISOR, V20, P191 Geller E, 2009, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V18, P4, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0054) Heffron MC, 2005, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V18, P323 Kalmanson B., 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P245 KLEIN HB, 1999, INTERVENTION PLANNIN Ladany N, 1999, J COUNS DEV, V77, P447 Luterman D., 2006, ASHA LEADER, V11, P8 Luterman D. M., 2006, ASHA LEADER, V11, P33 McAllister L., 2005, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V7, P138, DOI 10.1080/14417040500181239 MCCREA E, 2003, SUPERVISION PROCESS MOSES N, 1996, J COMMUN DISORD, V20, P19 Norman-Murch T, 2005, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V18, P308 Norman-Murch T, 1996, ZERO 3, V17, P16 PAWL JH, 2006, MENTAL HLTH EARLY IN, P191 Perry William, 1999, FORMS ETHICAL INTELL PICKERING M, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V49, P189 RASSI J, 1978, SUPERVISION AUDIOLOG Sameroff AJ, 2004, TREATING PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION, P3 Schon D., 1983, REFLECTIVE PRACTITIO Schon DA, 1987, ED REFLECTIVE PRACTI Seligman S., 1993, WAIMH NEWS, V1, P1 Shahmoon-Shanok R., 2005, HDB TRAINING PRACTIC, P402 SHAPIRO D, 1987, J OHIO SPEECH HEARIN, P78 Siegel D. J., 2003, PARENTING INSIDE OUT Spence SH, 2001, BEHAV CHANGE, V18, P135, DOI 10.1375/bech.18.3.135 Stern D., 1995, MOTHERHOOD CONSTELLA Stern DN, 2004, TREATING PARENT-INFANT RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION, P29 Stoltenberg C. D., 1998, IDM SUPERVISION INTE STOLTENBERG CD, 2005, AM PSYCHOL, P857 TREMMEL R, 1993, HARVARD EDUC REV, V63, P434 Tronick EZ, 1998, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V19, P290, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199823)19:3<290::AID-IMHJ4>3.0.CO;2-Q WARD LM, 1965, ASHA 0407, P103 WEATHERSTON D, 2002, CASE STUDIES INFANT, P1 WIEDER S, 1992, LEARNING SUPERVISION, P100 WINNICOTT DW, 1960, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V41, P585 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 22 EP 41 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0053) PG 20 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400003 PM 18845697 ER PT J AU Miller, B Guitar, B AF Miller, Barbara Guitar, Barry TI Long-Term Outcome of the Lidcombe Program for Early Stuttering Intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lidcombe Program; stuttering treatment outcome; predictors of treatment outcome ID PREDICTING TREATMENT TIME; RECOVERY; CHILDREN; PERSISTENCE; TRIAL AB Purpose: To-report long-term outcomes of the first 15 preschool children treated with the Lidcombe Program by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who were inexperienced with the program and independent of the program developers. Research questions were: Would the treatment have a similar outcome with inexperienced SLPs compared to outcomes when implemented by the developers? Is treatment duration associated with pretreatment measures? Is long-term treatment outcome affected by variables associated with natural recovery? Method: Fifteen preschool children who completed the Lidcombe Program were assessed prior to treatment and at least 12 months following treatment. Pretreatment data were obtained from archived files; follow-up data were obtained from interviews and recordings completed after the study had been planned. Results: Measures of stuttering indicated significant changes from pretreatment to follow-up in percentage of syllables stuttered and scores on the Stuttering Severity Instrument, Third Edition. Pretreatment severity was significantly correlated with treatment time. Handedness was the only client characteristic that appeared to be related to long-term treatment outcome. Conclusions: The treatment produced significant long-term changes in children's speech, even when administered by SLPs newly trained in the Lidcombe Program. Treatment results appear to be influenced by pretreatment stuttering severity. C1 [Miller, Barbara; Guitar, Barry] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Guitar, B (reprint author), Univ Vermont, 400 Pomeroy Hall,489 Main St, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM barry.guitar@uvm.edu CR Ambrose NG, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P567 Andrews G., 1964, SYNDROME STUTTERING ANDREWS G, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P138 BLOODSTEIN A, 1995, HDB STUTTERING Brosch S, 1999, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V47, P71, DOI 10.1016/S0165-5876(98)00178-5 CURLEE RF, 1999, STUTTERING RELATED D, P1 GREGORY H, 1969, ASSESSMENT RESULTS S Guitar B, 2006, STUTTERING INTEGRATE Harris LJ, 1988, BRAIN LATERALIZATION, P289 Harrison E, 2004, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V39, P257, DOI 10.1080/13682820310001644551 GUITAR B, 1976, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V19, P590 Jones M, 2005, BRIT MED J, V331, P659, DOI 10.1136/bmj.38520.451840.E0 Jones M, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1440 Kingston M, 2003, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V38, P165, DOI 10.1080/1368282031000062882 Onslow M, 2003, LIDCOMBE PROGRAM EAR Onslow M., 1997, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V6, P51 ONSLOW M, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V55, P405 ONSLOW M, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1244 Riley G., 1994, STUTTERING SEVERITY Rousseau I, 2007, J COMMUN DISORD, V40, P382, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.10.002 SEIDER RA, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P482 Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Starkweather C. W., 1990, STUTTERING PREVENTIO STARKWEATHER CW, 1993, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V2, P51 Yairi E, 1996, J COMMUN DISORD, V29, P51, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(95)00051-8 Yairi E, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1097 YARUSS JS, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V27, P1 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/06-0069) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400004 PM 18845699 ER PT J AU Dada, S Alant, E AF Dada, Shakila Alant, Erna TI The Effect of Aided Language Stimulation on Vocabulary Acquisition in Children With Little or No Functional Speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative communication; augmented input; aided language stimulation; vocabulary acquisition; graphic symbols ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; SYMBOL COMPREHENSION; AUGMENTING LANGUAGE; YOUTH; PRESCHOOLERS; MODERATE; SYSTEM AB Purpose: To describe the nature and frequency of the aided language stimulation program and determine the effects of a 3-week-long aided language stimulation program on the vocabulary acquisition skills of children with little or no functional speech (LNFS). Method: Four children participated in this single-subject, multiple-probe study across activities. The aided language stimulation program comprised 3 activities: arts and crafts, food preparation, and story time activity. Each activity was repeated over the duration of 5 subsequent sessions. Eight target vocabulary items were taught within each activity. The acquisition of all 24 target items was probed throughout the duration of the 3-week intervention period. Results: The frequency and nature of the aided language stimulation provided met the criterion of being used 70% of the time and providing aided language stimulation with an 80:20 ratio of statements to questions. The results indicated that all 4 participants acquired the target vocabulary items. There were, however, variations in the rate of acquisition. Conclusions: This study explores the impact of aided language stimulation on vocabulary acquisition in children. The most important clinical implication of this study is that a 3-week intervention program in aided language stimulation was sufficient to facilitate the comprehension of at least 24 vocabulary items in 4 children with LNFS. C1 [Dada, Shakila; Alant, Erna] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Augmentat & Alternat Commun, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Alant, E (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Ctr Augmentat & Alternat Commun, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM ealant@gmail.com CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1985, ASHA, V27, P49 BASIL C, 1996, EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, P270 Beukelman D., 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3rd Beukelman D., 1988, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V4, P104, DOI 10.1080/07434618812331274687 Beukelman D. R., 1998, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA Binger C, 2007, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V23, P30, DOI 10.1080/07434610600807470 Bricker D., 1992, ACTIVITY BASED APPRO Bruno J, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P300, DOI 10.1080/07434610600768318 BURD L, 1988, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V19, P371 Cafiero J., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P179, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600306 Calculator S., 1988, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V4, P94, DOI 10.1080/07434618812331274677 CALCULATOR SN, 1991, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V7, P204, DOI 10.1080/07434619112331275903 DADA S, 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, P300 DADA S, 2004, THESIS U PRETORIA PR DADA S, 2006, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V33, P424 DALEY A, 1993, GOLDILOCKS 3 BEARS Drager KDR, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P112, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/012) Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA ELDER P, 1994, BIRM AL SE AUGM ALT Franklin K., 1996, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V12, P63, DOI 10.1080/07434619612331277518 GOOSSENS C, 2000, 9 BIENN C ISAAC WASH Goossens C., 1989, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V5, P14, DOI 10.1080/07434618912331274926 GOOSSENS C, 1992, AL SE AUG ALT COMM C GROVE N, 1997, ISAAC B, V50, P1 Harris MD, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P155, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/016) HORNER RD, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-189 HUNTBERG M, 1996, THESIS U NEBRASKA LI Johnson D. W., 1984, CIRCLES LEARNING COO Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI Light J, 1999, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V15, P13, DOI 10.1080/07434619912331278535 Light J., 1991, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V7, P186, DOI 10.1080/07434619112331275893 MAYERJOHNSON R, 1985, PICTURE COMMUNICATIO MERVIS CB, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1646, DOI 10.2307/1131285 NELSON N W, 1992, AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication), V8, P3, DOI 10.1080/07434619212331276003 OXLEY J, 1999, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, P62 PAUL R, 1990, TOP LANG DISORD, V10, P63 Reynell J., 1985, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE Romski M., 1997, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V13, P172, DOI 10.1080/07434619712331277988 Romski M. A., 2003, COMMUNICATIVE COMPET, P147 Romski M. A., 1996, BREAKING SPEECH BARR ROMSKI MA, 1988, NSSLHA J, V15, P61 ROMSKI MA, 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU, V1, P113 Romski MA, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P391 ROMSKI MA, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P617 ROMSKI MA, 1993, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V9, P281, DOI 10.1080/07434619312331276701 ROMSKI MA, 1996, 7 BIENN C INT SOC AA ROMSKI MA, 1993, COMMUNICATION LANGUA, V2, P85 ROTH FP, 1989, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V5, P162 Schlosser R. W., 2003, EFFICACY AUGMENTATIV Schweigert P., 2000, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V16, P61, DOI DOI 10.1080/07434610012331278914 Sevcik R. A., 1991, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V7, P161, DOI 10.1080/0963828050077804 Sevcik R. A., 1986, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V2, P160, DOI 10.1080/07434618612331273980 SEVCIK RA, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P902 SEVCIK RA, 1997, COMMUNICATION LANGUA, P187 SMITH M, 1998, THESIS TRINITY COLL SMITH M, 1996, EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, P119 von Tetzchner S., 2003, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA VONTETZCHNER S, 1996, EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, P19 Vygotsky Lev Semyonovitch, 1978, MIND SOC DEV HIGHER Watkins R V, 2000, Semin Speech Lang, V21, P235, DOI 10.1055/s-2000-13197 Yorkston K. M., 1988, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V4, P189, DOI [10.1080/07434618812331274807, DOI 10.1080/07434618812331274807] NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 50 EP 64 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0018) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400005 PM 19106207 ER PT J AU Doeltgen, SH Witte, U Gumbley, F Huckabee, ML AF Doeltgen, Sebastian H. Witte, Ulrike Gumbley, Freya Huckabee, Maggie-Lee TI Evaluation of Manometric Measures During Tongue-Hold Swallows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deglutition; manometry; biomechanics; tongue-hold maneuver ID PHARYNGEAL; PRESSURES; SIZE AB Purpose: Based on visual inspection, prior research documented increased movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall in healthy volunteers during tongue-hold swallows. This manometric study investigated the immediate effects of the tongue-hold maneuver on pharyngeal peak pressure generation, duration of pressure generation, and pressure slope measurements in healthy volunteers. Method: Pharyngeal pressures from 40 young, healthy individuals (mean age = 25.8 years, gender equally distributed) were recorded at 3 locations: oropharynx, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES), during normal control and tongue-hold swallows. Measures of peak amplitude, duration, and slope of pressure generation were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Tongue-hold swallows produced lower pharyngeal peak pressure and shorter pharyngeal pressure durations compared to control swallows. Further, tongue-hold swallows produced lower UES relaxation pressures. Between sensors, peak pressure was lower and pressure slopes were steeper in the hypopharynx compared to the oropharynx. Several gender-specific differences were found for pharyngeal peak pressure, pressure duration, and pressure slopes. Conclusions: Reduced amplitude and duration of pharyngeal peak pressure is likely a result of decreased base of tongue retraction during tongue-hold swallows. Central clinical considerations and future research directions are discussed in this article. C1 [Doeltgen, Sebastian H.] Van der Veer Inst Parkinsons & Brain Res, Swallowing Rehabil Res Lab, Christchurch, New Zealand. Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Doeltgen, SH (reprint author), Van der Veer Inst Parkinsons & Brain Res, Swallowing Rehabil Res Lab, 66 Stewart St, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM shd14@student.canterbury.ac.nz CR BROOKS LJ, 1992, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V146, P1394 Bulow M, 1999, DYSPHAGIA, V14, P67, DOI 10.1007/PL00009589 Castell J. A., 1993, Dysphagia, V8, P270, DOI 10.1007/BF01354550 Clark HM, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P400, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/086) Crow HC, 1996, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V51, pM247 Fujiu M, 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P24 Fujiu M, 1996, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V5, P23 Hiss SG, 2005, DYSPHAGIA, V20, P149, DOI 10.1007/s00455-005-0008-y Huckabee ML, 2005, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V86, P2144, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.05.005 JACOB P, 1989, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V97, P1469 Lazarus C, 2002, FOLIA PHONIATR LOGO, V54, P171, DOI 10.1159/000063192 Martin SE, 1997, EUR RESPIR J, V10, P2087, DOI 10.1183/09031936.97.10092087 MCCONNEL FMS, 1988, LARYNGOSCOPE, V98, P71 MILLER AJ, 1982, PHYSIOL REV, V62, P129 Shaker R, 1997, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V272, pG1518 Youmans SR, 2006, DYSPHAGIA, V21, P102, DOI 10.1007/s00455-006-9013-z ZEMLIN WR, 1998, SPEECH HEARING SCI NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/06-0061) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400006 PM 18845700 ER PT J AU Daniels, SK Schroeder, MF DeGeorge, PC Corey, DM Foundas, AL Rosenbek, JC AF Daniels, Stephanie K. Schroeder, Mae Fern DeGeorge, Pamela C. Corey, David M. Foundas, Anne L. Rosenbek, John C. TI Defining and Measuring Dysphagia Following Stroke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deglutition disorders; dysphagia; stroke; videofluoroscopy ID PENETRATION-ASPIRATION SCALE; OLDER-ADULTS; BOLUS FLOW; PHARYNGEAL; INITIATION; RECOVERY; SWALLOWS; CORTEX AB Purpose: To continue the development of a quantified, standard method to differentiate individuals with stroke and dysphagia from individuals without dysphagia. Method: Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) were completed on a group of participants with acute stroke (n = 42) and healthy age-matched individuals (n = 25). Calibrated liquid volumes of 3, 5, 10, and 20 ml were administered during the VFSS. Six measures in 3 domains of bolus flow (timing, direction, and clearance) were measured. Values of these measures obtained from the control group were used to classify dysphagia within the participants. Results: The use of a single measure or single liquid volumes to classify dysphagia did not distinguish between healthy adults and individuals following stroke with and without dysphagia. Abnormality on more than 1 measure across multiple volumes appears to be a more robust method in defining dysphagia for liquids. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the definition of dysphagia is critical in determining whether persons are classified with disordered swallowing. The definition is dependent on materials and measures evaluated. Each measure provides independent aspects to the evaluation. Determining the level of importance of each depends on the purpose of the evaluation. C1 [Daniels, Stephanie K.] Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Daniels, Stephanie K.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Schroeder, Mae Fern; DeGeorge, Pamela C.] Southeast Louisiana Vet Hlth Care Syst, New Orleans, LA USA. [Corey, David M.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Foundas, Anne L.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Rosenbek, John C.] Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Rosenbek, John C.] VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Daniels, SK (reprint author), Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, Rehab Res 153,2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0040) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400007 PM 18930911 ER PT J AU Gillam, SL Fargo, JD Robertson, KSC AF Gillam, Sandra Laing Fargo, Jamison D. Robertson, Kelli St. Clair TI Comprehension of Expository Text: Insights Gained From Think-Aloud Data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comprehension; expository text; school-age children ID READING-COMPREHENSION; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; WORKING-MEMORY; CHILDREN; STUDENTS; INSTRUCTION; READERS; DISABILITIES; INFERENCES; PROTOCOLS AB Purpose: To examine the kinds of explicit and implicit statements generated by school-age children with and without language impairments during comprehension of expository texts and to determine the relationship of these statements to comprehension performance. Method: Forty 4th-grade children with and without language impairments participated in individual think-aloud sessions (verbalizing thoughts aloud). During the sessions, children were asked to listen to expository passages 1 sentence at a time, make comments after each sentence, and then answer questions and recall the passages. The comments or verbal protocols that children generated during the think-aloud sessions were transcribed and analyzed. The relationship of verbal protocols to comprehension performance was evaluated. Results: Findings suggested that the ability to paraphrase passages was closely related to measures of expository text comprehension. Conclusions: The use of data obtained during think-aloud sessions may bp useful to supplement information gained from traditional measures of comprehension for children with and without language impairments. C1 [Gillam, Sandra Laing; Fargo, Jamison D.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Robertson, Kelli St. Clair] Champ Partners Rehabil, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP Gillam, SL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, 1000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. 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B., 1984, PARAPHRASING STRATEG Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Silliman ER, 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P265 Singer M, 1997, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V24, P199 SPACHE G, 1967, JUNIOR COLL ADULT RE, P178 Stein NR, 1979, NEW DIRECTIONS DISCO, P53 Stromso HI, 2003, COGNITION INSTRUCT, V21, P113, DOI 10.1207/S1532690XCI2102_01 STRONG CJ, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P95 SUH S, 1989, THESIS U CHICAGO Tomblin JB, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1284 Trabasso T., 1996, 1 R RIGHT ALL CHILDR, P160 Trabasso T, 1996, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V21, P255 van Kleeck A, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P85, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/009) 1998, SPECTRUM READING DRA NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 82 EP 94 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0074) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400008 ER PT J AU Crais, ER Watson, LR Baranek, GT AF Crais, Elizabeth R. Watson, Linda R. Baranek, Grace T. TI Use of Gesture Development in Profiling Children's Prelinguistic Communication Skills SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prelinguistic communication; gesture development; gesture assessment ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; JOINT ATTENTION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; 2ND YEAR; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; EARLY RECOGNITION AB Purpose: Comparing children's skills across and within domains of development has become a standard in providing early intervention services. Profiling a child's strengths and challenges can help in making decisions regarding eligibility, diagnosis, and intervention. Profiling is particularly important for children who are not yet talking, due to the variability in production skills and the lack of guidelines as to which children are "at risk" for communication deficits versus those who are "late talkers." One area underutilized in profiling is gesture development, despite the fact that research has indicated that the amount and type of gesture use can help in early identification and is predictive of later language. Method: To guide practicing professionals and researchers in using gesture development to profile children's communication skills, this article provides an overview of the types of gestures and their development, describes assessment methods and tools to document gesture development, pinpoints behaviors and factors important in identifying children with disabilities, and ends with brief examples of using profiling in assessment and intervention planning. Conclusions: Gesture use should be an important component in profiling children's communication skills, and this type of profiling can enhance both the assessment and intervention process. C1 [Crais, Elizabeth R.; Watson, Linda R.; Baranek, Grace T.] Univ N Carolina, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Crais, ER (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, CB 7190, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0041) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 408VE UT WOS:000263462400009 PM 19029535 ER PT J AU Koufman, JA Block, C AF Koufman, Jamie A. Block, Christie TI Differential Diagnosis of Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stridor; paradoxical vocal fold movement; paradoxical vocal cord movement; vocal cord dysfunction ID IRRITABLE LARYNX SYNDROME; CORD DYSFUNCTION; LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX; GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; MOTION; ASTHMA; COUGH; LARYNGOSPASM; DYSTONIA; DISORDER AB Purpose: To present the differential diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) and its distinguishing features. Methods: The authors provide an overview of PVFM by drawing from 30 years of clinical and research experience, and relating that experience to literature in this area. Conclusion: PVFM is characterized by inappropriate adduction of the vocal folds during inspiration. PVFM is an uncommon and sometimes confusing cause of airway obstruction. The resultant obstruction may be intermittent or continuous, mild or severe. Most patients with PVFM have a specific etiology-inflammatory, neurological, neoplastic, iatrogenic, or psychological-that influences type of treatment and outcome. C1 [Koufman, Jamie A.] Voice Inst New York, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Koufman, Jamie A.] New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. [Block, Christie] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Koufman, JA (reprint author), Voice Inst New York, 200 W 57th St,Suite 1203, New York, NY 10019 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0014) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 372MO UT WOS:000260905900003 PM 18840701 ER PT J AU Donovan, NJ Kendall, DL Young, ME Rosenbek, JC AF Donovan, Neila J. Kendall, Diane L. Young, Mary Ellen Rosenbek, John C. TI The Communicative Effectiveness Survey: Preliminary Evidence of Construct Validity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication; participation; outcome measures; dysarthria; International Classification of Functioning; Disability and Health ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SEVERELY DYSARTHRIC SPEECH; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; STIMULUS COHESION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LINGUISTIC CUES; INTELLIGIBILITY; DISORDERS; STROKE; CLASSIFICATION AB Purpose: To provide preliminary evidence of the construct validity of the Communicative Effectiveness Survey (CES) for individuals with dysarthria and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: In a prospective, quasi-experimental design, 25 participants each were assigned to 3 groups (N = 75): PD and dysarthria, non-PD and no dysarthria, and PD significant others (SOs). Mean CES ratings were used to test for significant differences between the PD and non-PD group, and PD and SO rating of PD's communicative effectiveness. Multiple linear regression tested for significant predictors of CES ratings for PD group only using sentence intelligibility and spontaneous speech intelligibility scores as predictor variables. Results: The PD group rated their CES significantly lower than did the non-PD group. The PD group rated their CES significantly higher than their SOs rated them. Neither speech intelligibility score was a significant predictor of CES ratings. In follow-up analysis, the Hoehn and Yahr PD staging accounted for 47% of the variability in CES ratings for the PD group participants. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence of the CES's construct validity. Clinicians and researchers who assess and treat individuals with PD may consider adding an additional assessment to the traditional clinical measures (i.e., speech intelligibility) by obtaining a measure of communicative effectiveness. 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M., 1999, MANAGEMENT MOTOR SPE YORKSTON KM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P296 Yorkston KM, 2007, J COMMUN DISORD, V40, P433, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.10.006 Yorkston KM, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, pS46 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 335 EP 347 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0010) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 372MO UT WOS:000260905900004 PM 18957572 ER PT J AU Watson, PJ Schlauch, RS AF Watson, Peter J. Schlauch, Robert S. TI The Effect of Fundamental Frequency on the Intelligibility of Speech With Flattened Intonation Contours SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intelligibility; speech disorders; F0; background noise ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; VOWEL IDENTIFICATION; LISTENING CONDITIONS; SENTENCE LEVEL; PERCEPTION; DYSARTHRIA; LANGUAGE; MODEL; PITCH; SPEAKERS AB Purpose: To examine the effect of fundamental frequency (F0) on the intelligibility of speech with flattened F0 contours in noise. Method: Participants listened to sentences produced by 2 female talkers in white noise. The listening conditions included the unmodified, original sentences and sentences with resynthesized F0 that reflected the average low F0, the median F0, and the average high F0 of each talkers productions. Results: The sentences with flattened F0 contours yielded poorer intelligibility than the unmodified ones, but the sentences with flattened F0 did not produce equivalent performance. The sentences with F0 contours flattened at the average low F0 yielded better performance than sentences at the median F0. The sentences with F0 flattened at the average high F0 yielded poorer performance than the sentences flattened at the median F0. Conclusions: F0 height accounted for only a small amount of the drop in speech understanding in speech with a flattened F0 in healthy talkers. Although this study used healthy talkers, the findings suggest that clinicians should focus on having clients produce speech with naturally varying F0; F0 height is a secondary factor in the drop in intelligibility seen in monotone speech for female talkers. C1 [Watson, Peter J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Watson, PJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, 164 Pillsbury Dr SE,Shevlin 115, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM pjwatson@umn.edu CR ASSMANN P, 2002, 7 INT C SPOK LANG PR ASSMANN P, 2003, 15 INT C PHON SCI BA Assmann PF, 2005, J ACOUST SOC AM, V117, P886, DOI 10.1121/1.1852549 Binns C, 2007, J ACOUST SOC AM, V122, P1765, DOI 10.1121/1.2751394 Boersma P., 2002, PRAAT SYSTEM DOING P Bunton K, 2001, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V15, P181 CANTER GJ, 1963, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V28, P221 CANTER GJ, 1965, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V30, P44 Cutler A, 1997, LANG SPEECH, V40, P141 DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P462 de Cheveigne A, 1999, J ACOUST SOC AM, V105, P3497, DOI 10.1121/1.424675 DEGIOVANNI J, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P1121 Diehl RL, 1996, J PHONETICS, V24, P187, DOI 10.1006/jpho.1996.0011 Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Eadie TL, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P189, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/065) GLASBERG BR, 1990, HEARING RES, V47, P103, DOI 10.1016/0378-5955(90)90170-T Hedrick MS, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P1012, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/075) HILLENBRAND J, 1995, J ACOUST SOC AM, V97, P3099, DOI 10.1121/1.411872 HILLENBRAND J, 1993, J ACOUST SOC AM, V94, P668, DOI 10.1121/1.406884 Hillenbrand JM, 1999, J ACOUST SOC AM, V105, P3509, DOI 10.1121/1.424676 HILLENBRAND JM, 2003, J ACOUST SOC AM, V114, P2338 Hillenbrand JM, 2003, J ACOUST SOC AM, V113, P1044, DOI 10.1121/1.1513647 Hollien H, 1997, J ACOUST SOC AM, V102, P2984, DOI 10.1121/1.420353 Holmes RJ, 2000, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V35, P407 HORII Y, 1981, FOLIA PHONIATR, V33, P227 ILLES J, 1988, BRAIN LANG, V33, P146, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(88)90059-4 KALIKOW DN, 1977, J ACOUST SOC AM, V61, P1337, DOI 10.1121/1.381436 Katz WF, 2001, J PHONETICS, V29, P23, DOI 10.1006/jpho.2000.0135 Kent RD, 2003, J COMMUN DISORD, V36, P281, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00016-9 KENT RD, 1982, BRAIN LANG, V15, P259, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(82)90060-8 KLATT D, 1982, AC SPEECH SIGN PROC Kluender K. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0048) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 372MO UT WOS:000260905900005 PM 18840699 ER PT J AU Nippold, MA Mansfield, TC Billow, JL Tomblin, JB AF Nippold, Marilyn A. Mansfield, Tracy C. Billow, Jesse L. Tomblin, J. Bruce TI Expository Discourse in Adolescents With Language Impairments: Examining Syntactic Development SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Afasic International Symposium CY APR, 2007 CL Warwick, ENGLAND DE adolescents; language impairment; complex syntax; expository discourse ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; LEARNING DISABILITIES AB Purpose: This study examined syntactic development in a large cohort of adolescents. At kindergarten, each participant had been identified as having specific language impairment (SLI), nonspecific language impairment (NLI), or typical language development (TLD). Method : The participants (n = 444) had a mean age of 13;11 (years;months; range = 12;1 0- 15;5). Language samples were elicited in 2 genres, conversational and expository, and analyzed for mean length of T-unit and subordinate clause production. Results: Mean length of T-unit and the use of nominal, relative, and adverbial clauses were greater during the expository task than the conversational task for all groups. Thus, even the SLI and NLI groups produced longer sentences containing greater amounts of subordination when speaking in the expository genre than in the conversational genre. No group differences were revealed by the conversational task. However, on the expository task, the TLD group outperformed both the SLI and NLI groups on mean length of T-unit, and the TLD group outperformed the NLI group on relative clause use. Conclusions: Speech-language pathologists may wish to employ expository discourse tasks rather than conversational tasks to examine syntactic development in adolescents. C1 [Nippold, Marilyn A.] Univ Oregon, Coll Educ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Tomblin, J. Bruce] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Nippold, MA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Coll Educ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM nipppld@uoregon.edu CR BERMAN RA, 2002, WRITTEN LANGUAGE LIT, V0005 Bishop DVM, 2005, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P25, DOI 10.1348/026151004X20685 Bliss Lynn, 2002, DISCOURSE IMPAIRMENT Cohen J., 1969, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA CREWS F, 1977, RANDOM HOUSE HDB Culatta B., 1983, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V14, P66 Eisenberg S. 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M., 1995, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO, P435 Scott CM, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P324 Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd STRONG W, 1986, ERIC CLEAR READ COMP Tomblin JB, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P1245 TYACK D, 1977, LANGUAGE SAMPLING AN VERHOEVEN L, 2002, WRITTEN LANGUAGE LIT, V0005 Ward-Lonergan JM, 1999, J LEARN DISABIL, V32, P213, DOI 10.1177/002221949903200303 Wechsler D., 1989, WPPSI R MANUAL WECHS Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 356 EP 366 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0049) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 372MO UT WOS:000260905900006 PM 18840698 ER PT J AU Bonilha, HS Deliyski, DD Gerlach, TT AF Bonilha, Heather Shaw Deliyski, Dimitar D. Gerlach, Terri Treman TI Phase Asymmetries in Normophonic Speakers: Visual Judgments and Objective Findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Symposium of the Voice-Foundation CY JUN, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA DE voice assessment; stroboscopy; high-speed videoendoscopy; kymography; symmetry; vocal fold vibration ID VOCAL FOLD VIBRATION; HIGH-SPEED VIDEOENDOSCOPY; LARYNGEAL ASYMMETRY; VOICE QUALITY; VIDEOKYMOGRAPHY; STROBOSCOPY; INSTRUMENT; SINGERS AB Purpose: To ascertain the amount of phase asymmetry of the vocal fold vibration in normophonic speakers via visualization techniques and compare findings for habitual and pressed phonations. Method: Fifty-two normophonic speakers underwent stroboscopy and high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV). The HSV images were further processed into 4 visual displays: HSV playbacks, digital kymography (DKG) playbacks, mucosal wave kymography playbacks, and static kymographic images of the medial line from the DKG playback. Two types of phase asymmetries, lef-tright and anterior-posterior, were rated on a scale from 1 to 5. Objective measures of left-right phase asymmetry were,obtained. Results: The majority of normophonic speakers (81%) were noted to display anterior-posterior asymmetry; however, 66% of those were characterized as mild. Seventy-nine percent of participants were noted to display left-right asymmetry; however, 72% of those were mild. A moderate relationship between the objective measures and subjective ratings was found. Conclusions: Most normophonic speakers exhibit mild left-right and anterior-posterior asymmetries for both habitual and pressed phonations. Asymmetries were noted more often during habitual than pressed phonations, and when visualized by HSV and kymography than stroboscopy. Differences between objective measures and visual judgments support the need to quantify vocal fold vibratory features. C1 [Bonilha, Heather Shaw; Deliyski, Dimitar D.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Gerlach, Terri Treman] Charlotte Eye Ear Nose & Throat Associates, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Bonilha, HS (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, 1621 Greene St,6th Floor, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0059) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 372MO UT WOS:000260905900007 PM 18840697 ER PT J AU Marshall, RC Karow, CM AF Marshall, Robert C. Karow, Colleen M. TI Update on a Clinical Measure for the Assessment of Problem Solving SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE problem solving; executive functions; clinical measures ID BRAIN-INJURY; OLD-AGE; ADULTS; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES; CLASSIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS; MIDDLE; TASK AB Purpose: The Rapid Assessment of Problem Solving test (RAPS) is a clinical measure of problem solving based on the 20 Questions Test. This article updates clinicians on the RAPS, addresses questions raised about the test in an earlier article (R. C. Marshall, C. M. Karow, C. Morelli, K. Iden, & J. Dixon, 2003a), and discusses the clinical utility of the RAPS. Method: The RAPS was administered to 373 normal adults. Tests were analyzed to assess the impact of demographic, psychometric, and other factors on performance on the RAPS. To determine the effects of strategy selection on test scores, participants were assigned to novel, category-focused, or mixed strategy groups based on the types of first questions asked. Results: Normal participants exhibited a range of performance levels on the RAPS. Participants in the novel strategy group performed significantly better than the participants in 2 other strategy groups. Conclusions: The RAPS is a clinically useful tool to examine problem solving that is easy to administer and to score. Findings suggest clinicians can use the RAPS with greater confidence than was the case 4 years ago. The RAPS is now part of the public domain and may be used by clinicians to assess clients' problem-solving deficits. C1 [Marshall, Robert C.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Karow, Colleen M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Marshall, RC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, 120F CTW,900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM rcmarsh@uky.edu CR Allen G. J., 1976, COMMUNITY PSYCHOL SC AULT RL, 1973, CHILD DEV, V44, P259 Babbage DR, 2001, BRAIN INJURY, V15, P673, DOI 10.1080/02699050010025740 BADDELEY A, 1992, SCIENCE, V255, P559 Borkowski JH, 1996, ATTENTION MEMORY EXE, P235 BROOKSHIRE RH, 1978, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V43, P437 Burgess PW, 1998, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V4, P547 Carroll J. B., 1993, HUMAN COGNITIVE ABIL Cicerone KD, 2000, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V81, P1596, DOI 10.1053/apmr.2000.19240 CORNELIUS SW, 1987, PSYCHOL AGING, V2, P144, DOI 10.1037//0882-7974.2.2.144 Cummings J. 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PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/07-0071) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 372MO UT WOS:000260905900008 PM 18845695 ER PT J AU Kiran, S Johnson, L AF Kiran, Swathi Johnson, Lauren TI Semantic Complexity in Treatment of Naming Deficits in Aphasia: Evidence From Well-Defined Categories SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; semantic complexity; typicality; well-defined categories ID NATURAL CATEGORIES; TYPICALITY; RETRIEVAL; SPEAKERS; THERAPY; ANOMIA; MIGHT; TIME AB Purpose: Our previous work on manipulating typicality of category exemplars during treatment of naming deficits has shown that training atypical examples generalizes to untrained typical examples but not vice versa. In contrast to natural categories that consist of fuzzy boundaries, well-defined categories (e.g., shapes) have rigid category boundaries. Whether these categories illustrate typicality effects similar to natural categories is under debate. The present study addressed this question in the context of treatment for naming deficits in aphasia. Methods: Using a single-subject experiment design, 3 participants with aphasia received a, semantic feature treatment to improve naming of either typical or atypical items of shapes, while generalization was tested to untrained items of the category. Results: For 2 of the 3 participants, training naming of atypical examples of shapes resulted in improved naming of untrained typical examples. Training typical examples in 1 participant did not improve naming of atypical examples. All 3 participants, however, showed weak acquisition trends. 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E., 1981, CATEGORIES CONCEPTS Stanczak L, 2006, APHASIOLOGY, V20, P374, DOI 10.1080/02687030600587631 Thompson CK, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P30, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/005) Thompson CK, 2006, J COMMUN DISORD, V39, P266, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.02.003 TRYON WW, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P423, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-423 Wambaugh JL, 2001, APHASIOLOGY, V15, P933 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 389 EP 400 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/06-0085) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 372MO UT WOS:000260905900009 PM 18845698 ER PT J AU Reichle, J Dropik, PL Alden-Anderson, E Haley, T AF Reichle, Joe Dropik, Patricia L. Alden-Anderson, Elizabeth Haley, Tom TI Teaching a young child with autism to request assistance conditionally: A preliminary study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; children; intervention; communication; conditional discrimination; generalized requesting ID FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; RESPONSE EFFICIENCY; REINFORCEMENT; ACQUISITION; BEHAVIORS; MAND AB Purpose: Investigators taught a 5-year-old boy with autistic disorder and severe language delay to conditionally use requests for assistance. Method: A within-participant multiple-probe design across 3 functional tasks was implemented in order to evaluate the child's acquisition and conditional use of requests for assistance during intervention with each task. Results: Results indicated initial acquisition of requests for assistance followed by a brief period of overgeneralization. As independence in completing a task increased, requests for assistance correspondingly decreased. The participant's conditional use of requests for assistance and independent task completion were sustained across time. Conclusion: This study highlights the need to assess conditional use of newly taught communicative behavior. C1 [Reichle, Joe] Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Haley, Tom] Minnesota Autism Ctr, Minnetonka, MN USA. RP Reichle, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM reich001@umn.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Drasgow E, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P357, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-357 Hernstein RJ, 1961, J EXPT ANAL BEHAVIOR, V4, P267 HORNER RD, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-189 HORNER RH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P719, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-719 HORNER RH, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P91 Kelley ME, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P59, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-59 LIM L, 1998, J BEHAV ED, V8, P81 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 McCarthy D., 1988, MATCHING LAW RES REV MULLEN EM, 1997, MANUAL MULLEN SCALES O'Neill R., 1993, COMMUNICATIVE ALTERN, P205 Reichle J., 2002, EXEMPLARY PRACTICES, P157 Reichle J, 2004, DISABIL REHABIL, V26, P1255, DOI 10.1080/09638280412331280262 Reichle J, 1999, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V30, P324 Reichle J, 1999, CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS AND SEVERE DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, P237 REICHLE J, 2002, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V25, P47 Reimers T. M., 1988, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V14, P7 Richman DM, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P73, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-73 Schlosser R. W., 2002, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V18, P36, DOI 10.1080/714043395 Shirley MJ, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P93, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-93 Sigafoos J, 1998, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V10, P133, DOI 10.1023/A:1022813315683 SPARROW S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BA WACKER DP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417 Winborn L, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P295, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-295 Worsdell AS, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P167, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-167 Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/022) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 334DB UT WOS:000258201400003 PM 18663108 ER PT J AU Stockman, IJ Boult, J Robinson, GC AF Stockman, Ida J. Boult, Johanna Robinson, Gregory C. TI Multicultural/multilingual instruction in educational programs: A survey of perceived faculty practices and outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE faculty; multicultural/multilingual; issues; curricular infusion ID COMFORT AB Purpose: To describe the instructional strategies reported for multicultural/multilingual issues (MMI) education at programs in speech-language pathology and audiology and the perceived ease and effectiveness of doing so. Method: A 49-item questionnaire elicited anonymous responses from administrators, faculty, and teaching clinical supervisors at educational programs accredited by the American SpeechLanguage-Hearing Association in the United States. The data were provided by 731 respondents from 79.6% of 231 accredited U.S. programs. They included instructors who taught courses dedicated to MMI and those who did not. Results: Respondents were generally committed to multicultural instruction, but they varied in their reported instructional practices and perceived levels of preparedness, effectiveness, and needs. General curricular infusion without an MMI-dedicated course was the most common instructional model used. Students were judged to be at least modestly prepared to deal with diversity issues as a result of their multicultural instruction, although current instructional approaches were not viewed as optimal. More positive outcomes were reported by instructors of MMI-dedicated than MMI-nondedicated courses. Conclusion: The instructional models and strategies used for MMI education vary, and programs are challenged by multiple issues in complying with the mandate for MMI curricular infusion. C1 [Stockman, Ida J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Oyer Speech & Hearing Clin, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Boult, Johanna] Univ Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. [Robinson, Gregory C.] Univ Arkansas, Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Stockman, IJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Oyer Speech & Hearing Clin, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM stockma1@msu.edu CR ALLAN R, 2004, HDB RES MULTICULTURA, P763 *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 1987, MULT PROF ED COMM DI *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2003, KNOWL SKILLS ACQ KAS *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2004, STAND ACCR GRAD ED P Banks J., 1994, MULTIETHNIC ED THEOR, V3rd BANKS JA, 1989, MULTICULTURAL ED ISS, P189 Battle D. E., 2002, COMMUNICATION DISORD, P3 Berent G., 2006, HDB BILINGUALISM, P312, DOI 10.1002/9780470756997.ch12 BOSWELL S, 2004, ASHA LEADER, V9, P1 CAMPBELL LR, 1992, HOWARD J COMMUNICATI, V3, P163 Cheng L, 2001, FOLIA PHONIATR LOGO, V53, P121, DOI 10.1159/000052666 CLANEY D, 1989, J COUNS DEV, V67, P449 Clark Christine, 2002, MULTICULTURAL PERSPE, V4, P37, DOI 10.1207/S15327892MCP0403_7 Cochran-Smith M., 2004, HDB RES MULTICULTURA, P931 COLE L, 1990, MULTICULTURAL LITERA Coleman TJ, 2000, CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS IN CULTURALLY DIVERSE CHILDREN, P3 Dilworth M. E., 1998, BEING RESPONSIVE CUL, P39 FEARN K, 1997, PROPOSED KNOWLEDGE S FIGUERO P, 2004, HDB RES MULTICULTURA, P778 GALLAVAN NP, 2000, EQUITY EXCELLENCE ED, V33, P5, DOI 10.1080/1066568000330302 Gay G., 1997, PEABODY J EDUC, V22, P150, DOI 10.1207/s15327930pje7201_8 Kea C. D., 2002, MULTICULTURAL PERSPE, V4, P18, DOI 10.1207/S15327892MCP0401_4 Ladson-Billings G., 1999, TEACHING LEARNING PR, P86 LEVEY S, 2004, PERSPECTIVES ISSUES, V7, P2, DOI 10.1044/ihe7.2.2 McCarthy L., 2003, MULTICULTURAL PERSPE, V5, P46, DOI 10.1207/S15327892MCP0504_11 Morey A. I., 2000, HIGHER ED EUROPE, V25, P25, DOI DOI 10.1080/03797720050002170 PAYNE JC, 1997, ADULT NEUROGENIC LAN Pope RL, 2005, J COLL STUDENT DEV, V46, P679, DOI 10.1353/csd.2005.0065 SCREEN R, 1994, MULTICULTURAL PERSPE Sleeter CE, 2001, J TEACH EDUC, V52, P94, DOI 10.1177/0022487101052002002 SLEETER CE, 1989, TEACH TEACH EDUC, V5, P189, DOI 10.1016/0742-051X(89)90003-6 *SOC SCI DAT AN NE, 2000, CENS SCOP Sogunro O. A., 2001, MULTICULTURAL PERSPE, V3, P19, DOI 10.1207/S15327892MCP0303_5 STOCKMAN IJ, 2004, ASHA LEADER, V9, P620 Talbot D. M., 2006, NATL ASS STUDENT PER, V33, P163 Talbot DM, 1997, J COLL STUDENT DEV, V38, P278 WALLACE GL, 1997, MULTICULTURAL NEUROG, P115 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 241 EP 264 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/023) PG 24 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 334DB UT WOS:000258201400004 PM 18663109 ER PT J AU Ward, E Agius, E Solley, M Cornwell, P Jones, C AF Ward, Elizabeth Agius, Emma Solley, Maura Cornwell, Petrea Jones, Claire TI Preparation, clinical support, and confidence of speech-language pathologists managing clients with a tracheostomy in Australia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tracheostomy; speech pathology; confidence; clinical support; training ID MANAGEMENT; DYSPHAGIA; TEAMWORK; PATIENT AB Purpose: To describe the preparation and training, clinical support, and confidence of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in relation to tracheostomy client care in Australia. Method: A survey was sent to 90 SLPs involved in tracheostomy management across Australia. The survey contained questions relating to preparation and training, clinical support, and confidence. Results: The response rate was high (76%). The majority of SLPs were pursuing a range of professional development activities, had clinical support available, and,felt confident providing care of clients with tracheostomies. Despite these findings, 45% of SLPs were not up-to-date with evidence-based practice, less than 30% were knowledgeable of the advances in tracheostomy tube technology, and only 16% felt they worked as part of an optimal team. Only half were confident and had clinical support for managing clients who were ventilated. Most (88%) believed additional training opportunities would be beneficial. Conclusions: The current data highlight. issues for health care facilities and education providers to address regarding the training and support needs of SLPs providing tracheostomy client care. C1 [Ward, Elizabeth] Univ Queensland, Div Speech Pathol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Solley, Maura; Cornwell, Petrea] Princess Alexandra Hosp, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia. RP Ward, E (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Div Speech Pathol, Therapies Bldg, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM liz.ward@uq.edu.au RI Ward, Elizabeth/F-9652-2010 OI Ward, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2680-8978 CR Alreck P.I., 2004, SURVEY RES HDB Brener L., 2003, ASIA PACIFIC J SPEEC, V8, P36 CHOATE K, 2003, AUSTR NURSING J, V10, P1 COWLEY RS, 1994, J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB, V9, P32 Davidson E, 2003, EME TEC ADV PACK, V1, P15 Davis LA, 2004, DYSPHAGIA, V19, P7, DOI 10.1007/s00455-003-0017-7 Day T, 2002, J ADV NURS, V39, P35, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02240.x Dikeman KJ, 2003, COMMUNICATION SWALLO Fink A., 2003, MANAGE ANAL INTERPRE Firth-Cozens J, 2001, QUAL HEALTH CARE, V10, P26 Goldsmith T, 2000, INT ANESTHESIOL CLIN, V38, P219, DOI 10.1097/00004311-200007000-00013 HALES P, 2004, TRACHEOSTOMY MULTIPR, P187 Hauck KA, 1999, TOP GERIATR REHABIL, V15, P56 Heafield S, 1999, HOSP MED, V60, P261 Higgins DM, 1997, HEART LUNG, V26, P215, DOI 10.1016/S0147-9563(97)90058-3 HUGHSON J, 2000, AUSTRALASIAN J NEURO, V13, P12 HYLAND P, 2003, NATURE NURTURE KNOWL, P29 KASPER CL, 1996, RESP CARE, V41, P37 Lewis T, 2005, Nurs Stand, V19, P33 Mangione TW, 1995, MAIL SURVEYS IMPROVI Manley SB, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P171 Melvin C, 2001, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V9, P129 Murray K A, 1998, AACN Clin Issues, V9, P416, DOI 10.1097/00044067-199808000-00010 Norwood MGA, 2004, POSTGRAD MED J, V80, P478, DOI 10.1136/pgmj.2003.016956 Reilly S., 2004, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V6, P113, DOI 10.1080/14417040410001708549 Risser DT, 1999, ANN EMERG MED, V34, P373, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70134-4 Russell C., 2004, TRACHEOSTOMY MULTIPR SHADDEN B, 1997, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V5, P37 *SPEECH PATH AUSTR, 2001, COMP BAS OCC STAND S *SPEECH PATH AUSTR, 1996, TRACH TUB MAN POS PA Speech Pathology Australia, 2005, TRACH MAN POS PAP Ward E, 2007, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V15, P7 Woodnorth GH, 2004, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V35, P363, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2004/035) NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/024) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 334DB UT WOS:000258201400005 PM 18663110 ER PT J AU Puranik, CS Lombardino, LJ Altmann, LJP AF Puranik, Cynthia S. Lombardino, Linda J. Altmann, Lori J. P. TI Assessing the microstructure of written language using a retelling paradigm SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expository writing; microstructural elements of writing; school-age language; writing; writing assessment; writing development ID LEARNING-DISABLED STUDENTS; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; STORY COMPOSITION SKILLS; READING-COMPREHENSION; DEVELOPMENTAL SKILLS; WORKING-MEMORY; EFFECT SIZE; DISABILITIES; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS AB Purpose: The primary goal of this study was to document the progression of the microstructural elements of written language in children at 4 grade levels. The secondary purpose was to ascertain whether the variables selected for examination. could be classified into valid categories that reflect the multidimensional nature of writing. Method: Written language samples were collected and transcribed from 120 children in Grades 3 through 6 using an expository text-retelling paradigm. Nine variables at various levels of language were analyzed. Results: Using a text-retelling paradigm, measures of productivity (e.g., total number of words and ideas) improved steadily with age, whereas measures of complexity (e.g., mean length of T-unit) did not. Results for measures of accuracy (e.g., spelling and writing conventions) were mixed, with some showing improvement across grades. Grade 3 students showed consistently. poorer performance than students in Grades 4, 5, and 6. Grade 4 students showed poorer performance than students in Grades 5 and 6. Exploratory factor analysis suggests that writing can be represented by 3 factors: Productivity, Complexity, and Accuracy. Conclusions: Clinicians can use this multidimensional scheme for examining writing skills using text-retelling formats with children from Grades 3 through 6. 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PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/012) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100002 PM 18448599 ER PT J AU Nicholas, JG Geers, AE AF Nicholas, Johanna G. Geers, Ann E. TI Expected test scores for preschoolers with a cochlear, implant who use. spoken language SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cochlear implants; spoken language; preschool children; assessment; deaf ID HEARING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN; PROFOUNDLY DEAF-CHILDREN; PARENT REPORT MEASURE; RESIDUAL HEARING; COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; SPEECH RECOGNITION; READING-SKILLS; AGE; PERFORMANCE; VOCABULARY AB Purpose: The major purpose of this study was to provide information about expected spoken language skills of preschool-age children who are deaf and who use a cochlear implant. A goal was to provide "benchmarks" against which those skills could be compared, for a given age at implantation. We also examined whether parent-completed checklists of children's language were correlated with results of standardized language tests and whether scores increased linearly with decreasing age of implantation and increasing duration of cochlear implant use. Method: Participants were a nationwide sample of 76 children who were deaf and orally educated and who received an implant by 38 months of age. Formal language tests were administered at age 4.5 years. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) instrument was completed by parents when children were ages 3.5 and 4.5 years. Results: Based on regression analyses, expected scores for each age at implant were provided for 2 commonly administered language tests at 4.5 years of age and CDI subscale scores at 3.5 and 4.5 years. Concurrent test scores were significantly correlated on all measures. A linear relation was found that predicted increasing test scores with younger ages at implantation for all scales administered. Conclusions: While the expected scores reported here should not be considered as normative data, they are benchmarks that may be useful for evaluating spoken language progress of children with cochlear implants who are enrolled in spoken language-based programs. C1 [Nicholas, Johanna G.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Geers, Ann E.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX USA. [Geers, Ann E.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Nicholas, JG (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Box 8115,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/013) PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100003 PM 18448600 ER PT J AU Lewis, C Packman, A Onslow, M Simpson, JM Jones, M AF Lewis, Christine Packman, Ann Onslow, Mark Simpson, Judy M. Jones, Mark TI A phase II trial of telehealth delivery of the Lidicombe Program of early, stuttering intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE telehealth; Lidcombe Program; stuttering; early intervention ID SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY; PREDICTING TREATMENT TIME; LIDCOMBE PROGRAM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TELEMEDICINE; TECHNOLOGY; COMMUNICATION; DISORDERS AB Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth delivery of the Lidcombe Program of Early Stuttering Intervention, compared with a control group, and to determine the number of children who could be regarded as "responders." Method: A speech-language pathologist provided telehealth delivery of the Lidcombe Program during telephone consultations with parents in their homes, remote from the clinic. The study design was an open plan, parallel group, randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment. Children in the no-treatment control group who were still stuttering after 9 months then received the same treatment. The primary outcome measure was frequency of stuttering, gathered from audiotape recordings of participants' conversational speech in everyday, non-treatment situations, before and after treatment. Results: Analysis of covariance showed a 73% decrease in frequency of stuttering at 9 months after randomization in the treatment group, as compared with the control group (95% confidence interval = 25%-90%, p =.02). Measures of treatment time showed that telehealth delivery of the Lidcombe Program requires around 3 times more resources than standard presentation. Conclusions: Telehealth delivery of the Liclcombe Program is an efficacious treatment for preschool children who cannot receive the standard, clinic-based Lidcombe Program. Avenues for improving efficiency are considered. C1 [Lewis, Christine; Packman, Ann; Onslow, Mark; Simpson, Judy M.] Univ Sydney, Australian Stuttering Res Ctr, Fac Hlth Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. [Jones, Mark] Univ Queensland, Queensland Clin Trials Ctr, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia. [Jones, Mark] Princess Alexandra Hosp, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia. RP Onslow, M (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Australian Stuttering Res Ctr, Fac Hlth Sci, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM m.onslow@usyd.edu.au CR Balas EA, 1997, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V278, P152, DOI 10.1001/jama.278.2.152 Chua R, 2001, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V70, P273 Daponte BO, 1999, J HUM RESOUR, V34, P612, DOI 10.2307/146382 FITCH JL, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P335 Girolametto L. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/014) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100004 PM 18448601 ER PT J AU Scott, KA Roberts, JA Krakow, R AF Scott, Kathleen A. Roberts, Jenny A. Krakow, Rena TI Oral and written language development of children adopted from China SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reading impairment; language impairment; school-age children; international adoption; literacy ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION; LEARNING DISABILITIES; SPOKEN; ADJUSTMENT; PREVALENCE; POLICY; BRAIN; OLD; 2ND AB Purpose: The sharp increase in the number of international adoptions in the United States has prompted a heightened interest in the language development of internationally adopted children. Although recent studies have investigated the early language development of adoptees, little is known about the school-age language and literacy skills of internationally adopted children. The focus of this study was the oral and written language skills of school-age adoptees from China. Method: The participants were 24 children between the ages of 7;0 (years;months) and 8;8. Oral and written language skills were assessed using standardized measures and a narrative retell task. Results: As a group, the majority of children exhibited scores in the average to above average range for all oral and written standardized language measures. Narrative analysis indicated that an increase in the number of grammatical errors was moderately correlated with lower reading comprehension scores. Age at adoption was negatively correlated with several measures, including a narrative measure of grammatical errors per T-unit. Conclusion: These findings provide an encouraging outlook on the oral and written language outcomes of internationally adopted children from China through the early elementary grades. Moreover, these findings support earlier research that speaks to the resiliency and robustness of language acquisition abilities in children. C1 [Roberts, Jenny A.] Hofstra Univ, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. [Scott, Kathleen A.; Krakow, Rena] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Scott, KA (reprint author), Hofstra Univ, 108 Davison Hall, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. EM kathleen.scott@hofstra.edu CR ANDRESEN ILK, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P427, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00877.x Geren Joy, 2005, Seminars in Speech and Language, V26, P44, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-864215 BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V57, P289 Bishop D. V. 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S. Department of State, 2006, IMM VIS ISS ORPH COM Wagner R., 1999, COMPREHENSIVE TEST P Wickes K. L., 1996, INT J ADV COUNS, V19, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF00114788 Wilkinson G.S., 1993, WIDE RANGE ACHIEVEME, V3 Windsor J, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1322 Woodcock R. W., 1997, WOODCOCK DIAGNOSTIC Zeanah CH, 2003, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V15, P885, DOI 10.1017/S0954579403000452 NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/015) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100005 PM 18448602 ER PT J AU Rider, JD Wright, HH Marshall, RC Page, JL AF Rider, Jill Davis Wright, Heather Harris Marshall, Robert C. Page, Judith L. TI Using semantic feature analysis to improve contextual discourse in adults with aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; word retrieval; treatment; discourse ID NAMING DISORDERS; FLUENT APHASIA; THERAPY; COMPLEXITY; SYSTEM AB Purpose: Semantic feature analysis (SFA) was used to determine whether training contextually related words would improve the discourse of individuals with nonfluent aphasia in preselected contexts. Method: A modified multiple-probes-across-behaviors design was used to train target words using SFA in 3 adults with nonfluent aphasia. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up sessions obtained language samples for the preselected contexts. Contexts included 4 story retellings and 4 procedure explanations. Results: All participants improved naming ability for treated words. No generalization to untrained items was found. Within discourse samples, participants increased number of target words produced from pretreatment to posttreatment sessions but did not increase lexical diversity across samples. Participants maintained performance on standardized measures from the beginning to the end of the study. Conclusions: Results support and extend previous research by indicating that SFA improves confrontational naming ability and may benefit word retrieval in discourse production of closed-set contexts. C1 [Wright, Heather Harris] Arizona State Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rider, Jill Davis; Marshall, Robert C.; Page, Judith L.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Wright, HH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, POB 870102, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 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K., 1989, ANAL QUANTITATIVE BE MASSARO M, 1994, CLIN APHASIOL, V22, P245 TRIPODI T, 1994, PRIMER 1 SUBJECT DES TRYON WW, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P423, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-423 WEBBER T, 2003, WEBBERS JUMBO ARTICU Wright HH, 2003, APHASIOLOGY, V17, P443, DOI 10.1080/0268703044000166 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 21 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/016) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100006 PM 18448603 ER PT J AU Rousseau, I Onslow, M Packman, A AF Rousseau, Isabelle Onslow, Mark Packman, Ann TI Comparisons of audio and audiovisual measures of stuttering frequency and severity in preschool-age children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering severity; stutter count; stuttered syllables; audiovisual measures ID INTENSIVE TREATMENT PROGRAM; FLUENCY SHAPING PROGRAM; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; ADAPTATION; JUDGMENTS; ADULTS; LOCUS AB Purpose: To determine whether measures of stuttering frequency and measures of overall stuttering severity in preschoolers differ when made from audio-only recordings compared with audiovisual recordings. Method: Four blinded speech-language pathologists who had extensive experience with pre-schoolers who stutter measured stuttering frequency and rated overall severity from audio-only and audiovisual recordings of 36 preschool children who were stuttering. Stuttering frequency (percentage of syllables stuttered [%SS]) was based on counts of perceptually unambiguous stutterings, made in real time, and overall severity was measured using a 9-point rating scale. Results: Stuttering frequency was statistically significantly lower by around 20% when made from audio-only recordings. This was found to be directly attributable to differences in the counts of stuttered syllables, rather than to differences in the total numbers of syllables spoken. No significant differences were found between recording modalities for the ratings of overall severity. Correlations between %SS scores in the 2 modalities and severity rating scores in the 2 modalities were high, indicating that observers agreed on data trends across speech samples. Conclusions: Measures of %SS made from audio-only recordings may underestimate stuttering frequency in preschoolers. Although audio-only %SS measures may underestimate stuttering frequency at the start of a clinical trial to a clinically significant extent, posttreatment scores at or below 1.0%SS are, likely to underestimate by 0.2%SS or less, which is clinically insignificant. C1 [Rousseau, Isabelle; Onslow, Mark; Packman, Ann] Univ Sydney, Australian Stuttering Res Ctr, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. [Packman, Ann] Univ Queensland, Queensland Clin Trials Ctr, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Onslow, M (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Australian Stuttering Res Ctr, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. EM m.onstow@usyd.edu.au CR ADAMS JC, 1977, NEUROSCIENCE, V2, P141, DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(77)90074-4 ADAMS MR, 1980, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V1, P289, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1095206 Block S., 2004, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V6, P100, DOI 10.1080/14417040410001708521 Block S, 2005, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V40, P455, DOI 10.1080/03093640500088161 BLOODSTEIN, 1970, BRIT J DISORDERS COM, V5, P30 BOBERG E, 1981, MAINTENANCE FLUENCY, P71 BOBERG E, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1050 Boberg E., 1985, COMPREHENSIVE STUTTE Bray MA, 1998, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V27, P587 Bray MA, 2001, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V30, P135 BUDD KS, 1986, BEHAV THER, V17, P538, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(86)80093-4 DENIL LF, 1995, J FLUENCY DISORD, V20, P345, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(95)00024-2 Druce T, 1997, J FLUENCY DISORD, V22, P169, DOI 10.1016/S0094-730X(97)00005-3 Elliott AJ, 1998, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V29, P289, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7916(98)00034-2 Harrison E., 1999, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P31 Hewat S, 2006, DISABIL REHABIL, V28, P33, DOI 10.1080/09638280500165245 Huinck WJ, 2006, J FLUENCY DISORD, V31, P43, DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2005.12.001 Johnson W., 1959, ONSET STUTTERING RES KULLY D, 1999, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V12, P291 Langevin M., 1993, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V17, P158 Lewis C, 2008, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V17, P139, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/014) MADISON LS, 1986, J GENET PSYCHOL, V147, P233 MALLARD AR, 1982, J FLUENCY DISORD, V7, P287, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(82)90014-6 MARTIN RR, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P521 Onslow M, 2003, LIDCOMBE PROGRAM EAR ONSLOW M, 2007, ASIA PACIFIC J SPEEC, V10, P15 Panico J, 2005, J FLUENCY DISORD, V30, P65, DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2005.01.003 PERKINS WH, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P734 ROUSSEAU L, 2007, J COMMUN DISORD, V40, P382 SCHWARTZ D, 1977, J FLUENCY DISORD, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(77)90003-1 Teesson K, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P1009, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/078) Wenker RB, 1996, J FLUENCY DISORD, V21, P147, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(95)00110-S WILLIAMS DE, 1963, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V6, P91 Wilson L, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P81, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/009) NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/017) PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100007 PM 18448604 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, K Carlin, M Thistle, J AF Wilkinson, Krista Carlin, Michael Thistle, Jennifer TI The role of color cues in facilitating accurate and rapid location of aided symbols by children with and without down syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aided symbols; visual processing; visual search; symbol identification ID STIMULUS OVER-SELECTIVITY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VISUAL-SEARCH; INDIVIDUALS; ATTENTION; RECOGNITION AB Purpose: This research examined how the color distribution of symbols within a visual aided augmentative and alternative communication array influenced the speed and accuracy with which participants with and without Down syndrome located a target picture symbol. Method: Eight typically developing children below the age of 4 years, 8 typically developing children over the age of 4 years, and 10 children with Down syndrome participated. Participants were asked to find a target line drawing among an array of 12. Line drawings represented either foods (e.g., grapes, cherries), clothing (e.g., a red shirt, a yellow shirt), or activities (e.g., soccer, swimming). In one condition, symbols that shared a color were clustered together, creating a subgroup within which to search. In another condition, symbols that shared a color were distributed across the display, allowing each to appear individually. Dependent measures were accuracy and speed of finding the target symbol. Results: Clustering same-color symbols facilitated the speed of locating the target for all participants, and facilitated search accuracy in the younger preschool children and participants with Down syndrome. These effects held when targets were foods, clothing, or activities. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the internal color of visual symbols when constructing aided symbol displays, at least for children with Down syndrome. Further research is needed on a number of dimensions, however, including visual processing in other etiological categories, the role of background color, and the relation of color to other stimulus dimensions. C1 [Wilkinson, Krista; Thistle, Jennifer] Emerson Coll, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Wilkinson, Krista; Carlin, Michael] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. RP Wilkinson, K (reprint author), Emerson Coll, 120 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM krista-wilkinson@emerson.edu CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2007, SCOP PRACT SPEECH LA Atkinson J, 2001, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V43, P330, DOI 10.1017/S0012162201000615 Bailey B.R., 1994, REVIEW, V26, P101 Beukelman D., 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3rd Beukelman D., 1991, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V7, P2, DOI 10.1080/07434619112331275633 Carlin MT, 1995, INTELLIGENCE, V21, P175, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(95)90025-X Carlin MT, 2002, AM J MENT RETARD, V107, P237, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0237:GVSIIW>2.0.CO;2 CARTER DE, 1978, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V29, P565, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1978.29-565 Chapman RS, 2000, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V6, P84, DOI 10.1002/1098-2779(2000)6:2<84::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-P Crain S., 1987, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3, P77, DOI 10.1080/07434618712331274309 Drager KDR, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P298, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/024) Dube W. V., 1991, EXPT ANAL HUMAN BEHA, V9, P28 Dunn L. M., 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA, V3rd Dykens E. M., 2000, GENETICS MENTAL RETA GERGENFURTNER KR, 2003, NATURE REV NEUROSCIE, V4, P563 GERSTEN RM, 1980, J SPEC EDUC, V14, P47 GOOSSENS C, 1994, ENG PRESCHOOL ENV IN Goossens C., 1989, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V5, P14, DOI 10.1080/07434618912331274926 Hanna A, 1996, MEM COGNITION, V24, P322, DOI 10.3758/BF03213296 Happe F, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P5, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 Huguenin NH, 2004, RES DEV DISABIL, V25, P155, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.01.001 Jagaroo V, 2008, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V24, P29, DOI 10.1080/07434610701390673 Kamhi AG, 1998, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V29, P35 KAPTEIN NA, 1995, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V21, P1053, DOI 10.1037//0096-1523.21.5.1053 Lalo E, 2003, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V20, P134 Lattal K. A., 1998, HDB RES METHODS HUMA Liss M, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P155, DOI 10.1177/1362361306062021 LITROWNIK AJ, 1978, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V87, P554, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.87.5.554 Mayer-Johnson R, 1992, PICTURE COMMUNICATIO MCFADD E, 2008, THESIS EMERSON COLL MCILVANE WJ, 1992, INT REV RES MENT RET, V1, P55 MCILVANE WJ, 1993, COMMUNICATION LANGUA, V2, P242 McNaughton D., 1989, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V5, P35, DOI 10.1080/07434618912331274946 MILLER J, 1995, DOWN SYNDROME LIVING, P115 Mills J. T., 1988, Proceedings of the Japanese Association of Mycotoxicology, P167 Parnes P., 1985, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V1, P74, DOI DOI 10.1080/07434618512331273561 Pelphrey KA, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P249, DOI 10.1023/A:1016374617369 POOCK GK, 1992, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V18, P287 Romski M. A., 2003, COMMUNICATIVE COMPET, P147 Romski M. A., 1996, BREAKING SPEECH BARR Schulz MF, 2003, PSYCHOL SCI, V14, P26, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.01414 Spence I, 2006, PSYCHOL SCI, V17, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01656.x Stephenson J, 2007, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V23, P44, DOI 10.1080/07434610600924457 THISTLE JJ, 2008, EFFECTS BACK GROUND van Splunder J, 2004, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V111, P1457, DOI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.12.051 Vicari S, 2005, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V47, P305, DOI 10.1017/S0012162205000599 Wainwright JA, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P423, DOI 10.1007/BF02172827 WILHELM H, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V81, P26 Wilkinson K. M., 2004, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V20, P123, DOI 10.1080/07434610410001699717 Wilkinson KM, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P123, DOI 10.1080/07434610500483620 Wilkinson KM, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P242, DOI 10.1080/07434610600650375 Wilkinson KM, 2005, AM J MENT RETARD, V110, P71, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110<71:DAMONW>2.0.CO;2 Wilkinson KM, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P58, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20133 WURM LH, 1993, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V19, P899, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.19.4.899 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/018) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100008 PM 18448605 ER PT J AU McCabe, A Bliss, L Barra, G Bennett, M AF McCabe, Allyssa Bliss, Lynn Barra, Gabriela Bennett, MariBeth TI Comparison of personal versus fictional narratives of children with language impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; language disorders; assessment; narrative ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; STORY STRUCTURE; NONDISABLED CHILDREN; POOR READERS; DISCOURSE; COMPREHENSION; ABILITIES; INTERVENTION; PROPOSITIONS; PERSPECTIVE AB Purpose: Personal narratives are common in children's conversations, recommended as the appropriate genre for early writing by educators, and part of many high-stakes tests, possibly because they tend to be better formed than fictional narratives. However, current practice in the field of speech-language pathology employs fictional narratives in assessment, intervention, and study of children with impaired language development. This article explored performance on personal versus fictional narratives by children with language. impairment (LI), hypothesizing that performance on the former would be better and a minimal relationship between performances in the 2 genres. Method: Twenty-seven children age 7;0-9;9 (years;months) with LI orally produced personal and fictional narratives (responses to a wordless picture book). Narratives were analyzed by raters blind to experimental hypotheses using high-point analysis and an analysis derived from scoring of a high-stakes composition for 4th grade. Results: High-point ratings of personal significantly exceeded those of fictional narratives. Disproportionate fictional stories did not meet minimal narrative criteria. However, more personal narratives than would be expected by chance did. 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E., 1998, PREVENTING READING D Snyder LE, 2002, TOP LANG DISORD, V22, P1 Stein N., 1979, NEW DIRECTIONS DISCO, V2, P53 Strong C. J., 1998, STRONG NARRATIVE ASS Swanson LA, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P131, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/014) WEAVER PA, 1982, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V5, P225 Westby C. E., 1999, LANGUAGE READING DIS, P154 NR 87 TC 22 Z9 23 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 194 EP 206 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/019) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 295OZ UT WOS:000255485100009 PM 18448606 ER PT J AU Cherney, LR Halper, AS Holland, AL Cole, R AF Cherney, Leora R. Halper, Anita S. Holland, Audrey L. Cole, Ron TI Computerized script training for aphasia: Preliminary results SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; rehabilitation; computer treatment; script training ID CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES; COMPREHENSION; KNOWLEDGE; EFFICACY; REHABILITATION; METAANALYSIS; RECOGNITION; DISCOURSE; ADULTS; MODEL AB Purpose: This article describes computer software that was developed specifically for training conversational scripts and illustrates its use with 3 individuals with aphasia. Method: Three participants with chronic aphasia (Broca's, Wernicke's, and anomic) were assessed before and after 9 weeks of a computer script training program. For each participant, 3 individualized scripts were developed, recorded on the software, and practiced sequentially at home. Weekly meetings with the speech-language pathologist occurred to monitor practice and assess progress. Baseline and posttreatment scripts were audiotaped, transcribed, and compared to the target scripts for content, grammatical productivity, and rate of production of scrip-trelated words. Interviews with the person with aphasia and his or her significant other were conducted at the conclusion of treatment. Results: All measures (content, grammatical productivity, and rate of production of scrip-trelated words) improved for each participant on every script. Two participants gained more than 5 points on the Aphasia Quotient of the Western Aphasia Battery. Five positive themes were consistently identified from the exit interviews-increased verbal communication, improvements in other modalities and situations, communication changes noticed by others, increased confidence, and satisfaction with the software. Conclusion: Computer-based script training potentially may be an effective intervention for persons with chronic aphasia. C1 [Cherney, Leora R.; Halper, Anita S.] Rehabil Inst Chicago, Aphasia Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Cherney, Leora R.; Halper, Anita S.] Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Holland, Audrey L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cole, Ron] Mentor Interact, Boulder, CO USA. [Cole, Ron] Boulder Language Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cherney, LR (reprint author), Rehabil Inst Chicago, Aphasia Res Ctr, 345 E Super St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/003) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 260OQ UT WOS:000253020000003 PM 18230811 ER PT J AU Dropik, PL Reichle, J AF Dropik, Patricia L. Reichle, Joe TI Comparison of accuracy and efficiency of directed scanning and group-item scanning for augmentative communication selection techniques with typically developing preschoolers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative communication; children; scanning; directed scanning; group-item scanning AB Purpose: Directed scanning and group-item scanning both represent options for increased scanning efficiency. This investigation compared accuracy and speed of selection with preschoolers using each scanning method. The study's purpose was to describe performance characteristics of typically developing children and to provide a reliable assessment protocol to evaluate scanning skills. Method: Investigators examined within-participant performance on an identity match in g-to-sample task using directed and group-item scanning with 13 typically developing preschoolers. Children selected line-drawn symbols from a 36-symbol display configured for each scanning method. Results: Children were more accurate using directed than group-item scanning. They required a greater number of cursor movements to accurately select symbols with group-item than with directed scanning; however, no differences in actual selection time were apparent. Further analyses comparing performance using group-item scanning for selections requiring either a low or a high number of cursor movements revealed no differences in children's accuracy or efficiency. Conclusions: Children were more accurate using directed scanning to select target symbols. However, directed scanning did not afford a relative advantage in children's selection efficiency compared with group-item scanning. Performance using group-item scanning does not appear to be affected by requisite cursor movements for selection. Limitations and educational implications are discussed. C1 [Dropik, Patricia L.; Reichle, Joe] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Dropik, PL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 115 Shevlin Hill, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM reich001@umn.edu CR ALLEN HF, 1957, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V44, P38 Beukelman D. R., 1998, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA DOWDEN P, 2002, EXEMPLARY PRACTICES, P395 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT Glennen S., 1997, HDB AUGMENTATIVE ALT HORN EM, 1996, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V12, P23, DOI 10.1080/07434619612331277448 Howell D. C., 1997, STAT METHODS PSYCHOL KULIKOWSKI S, 1986, SCANNING DATA TYPES MIZUKO M, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P43 Mizuko M., 1994, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V10, P237, DOI 10.1080/07434619412331276940 PETERSEN K, 2000, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V16, P27, DOI 10.1080/07434610012331278884 Ratcliff A., 1994, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V10, P67, DOI 10.1080/07434619412331276770 Reichle J., 1991, IMPLEMENTING AUGMENT Reichle J., 2000, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V16, P154, DOI 10.1080/07434610012331279014 Szeto A. Y. J., 1993, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V9, P229, DOI 10.1080/07434619312331276651 TREVIRANUS J, 2003, COMMUNICATIVE COMPET, P199 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/004) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 260OQ UT WOS:000253020000004 PM 18230812 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, A Koul, R Lloyd, LL AF Ratcliff, Ann Koul, Rajinder Lloyd, Lyle L. TI Preparation in augmentative and alternative communication: An update for speech-language pathology training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preprofessional training; augmentative and alternative communication ID AAC AB Purpose: To report on data from the current survey about academic and clinical education in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), as well as to compare these findings with earlier surveys in an attempt to identify any changes being made as programs in the United States implement the new certification standards of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association in the area of speech-language pathology. Method: A survey was sent to all speech-language pathology training programs in the United States via e-mail directed to program directors or faculty teaching in AAC. Results: A total of 168 surveys were returned, for a return rate of 57.93%. Seventy-three percent of the respondents had a separate course in AAC, and 80% indicated AAC content was infused in other courses. Conclusions: Academic preparation in AAC, while varying across academic programs, has in general increased over the past decade. Data also suggested a continuing critical need for more academic and clinical preparation in this area. C1 [Ratcliff, Ann] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Koul, Rajinder] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Lloyd, Lyle L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ratcliff, A (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/005) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 260OQ UT WOS:000253020000005 PM 18230813 ER PT J AU Heinemann, AW AF Heinemann, Allen W. TI State-of-the-science symposium on postacute rehabilitation: Setting a research agenda and developing an evidence base for practice and public policy - Executive summary SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health policy; outcome and process; assessment (health care); outcomes research; rehabilitation AB Purpose: The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Measuring Rehabilitation Outcomes and Effectiveness along with academic, professional, provider, and accreclitor organizations sponsored a symposium with the aim of serving as a catalyst for expanded research on postacute care (PAC) rehabilitation. The goals were to describe the state of our knowledge regarding utilization, organization, and outcomes of postacute rehabilitation settings, identify methodological and measurement challenges, foster the exchange of ideas among stakeholders, and identify researchable questions. Method: The symposium was organized around 4 themes: (a) the need for improved measurement of rehabilitation variables and methods to collect and analyze this information, (b) factors that influence access to rehabilitation care, (c) similarities and differences in services across PAC settings, and (d) effectiveness of rehabilitation services. Results: Key themes included the need for improved measures, particularly of case-mix factors and treatment ingredients; the need for a uniform and coherent system of PAC; the need to attend to under- and overutilization of rehabilitation services; the need for cooperation among stakeholders to advance an eff ectiveness research agenda; and the desire to develop payment policies that are based on research evidence. Conclusions: The symposium articles appear in the November 2007 issue of Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. C1 Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Rehabil Outcomes Res, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Heinemann, AW (reprint author), Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Rehabil Outcomes Res, 345 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM a-heinemann@northwestem.edu RI Heinemann, Allen /K-6283-2012 OI Heinemann, Allen /0000-0003-2782-7326 CR Bettger JAP, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1526, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.768 Buntin MB, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1488, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.023 Chan L, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1522, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.05.032 Clohan DB, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1535, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.022 Duncan PW, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1482, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.118 GAGE B, 2007, STAT SCI S POST AC R Johnston MV, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1505, DOI 10.1016/j.apinr.2007.08.117 Kane RL, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1500, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.015 Kaplan SJ, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1494, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.112 Medicare Payment Advisory Committee, 2006, DAT BOOK HEALTHC SPE *NAT I CHILD HLTH, 2005, WORKSH DEV RES AG AP Ottenbacher KJ, 2007, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V88, P1513, DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.76l NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/034) PG 5 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 233CQ UT WOS:000251068400002 PM 17971490 ER PT J AU Marshall, RC Wright, HH AF Marshall, Robert C. Wright, Heather Harris TI Developing a clinician-friendly aphasia test SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; test; managed care ID FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION; IMPAIRMENT; RECOVERY; INDEX AB Purpose: The Kentucky Aphasia Test (KAT) is an objective measure of language functioning for persons with aphasia. This article describes materials, administration, and scoring of the KAT; presents the rationale for development of test items; reports information from a pilot study; and discusses the role of the KAT in aphasia assessment. Method: The KAT has 3 parallel test batteries, KAT-1, KAT-2, and KAT-3. Each battery contains the same orientation test and 6 subtests, each with 10 items, assessing expressive and receptive language functions. Subtests for KAT-1, KAT-2, and KAT-3 systematically increase in difficulty so that it is possible to assess individuals with severe, moderate, and mild aphasia, respectively. The KAT was administered to 38 participants with aphasia and 31 non-braindamaged (NBD) participants. Results: Results with the KAT clearly differentiated the language performance of individuals with and without aphasia. NBD participants made few errors, and overall scores on the test for individuals with aphasia were rarely within 1 SD of the NBD group. Performance of the participants with aphasia administered KAT-1, KAT-2, and KAT-3 suggested that the 3 versions of the test represent a hierarchy of difficulty. Conclusions: The KAT remains in its early stages of development. However, it does appear to meet the requirements for a "clinician-friendly" aphasia test and, as such, offers a rapid, convenient means of obtaining an objective score to determine changes in language functioning during the early postonset period. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Rehabil Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Marshall, RC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Rehabil Sci, 900 S Limestone CTW 124F, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 295 EP 315 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/035) PG 21 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 233CQ UT WOS:000251068400003 PM 17971491 ER PT J AU Sander, AM Nakase-Richardson, R Constaninidou, F Wertheimer, J Paul, DR AF Sander, Angelle M. Nakase-Richardson, Risa Constaninidou, Fofi Wertheimer, Jeffrey Paul, Diane R. TI Memory assessment on an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team: a theoretically based framework SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; VERBAL-LEARNING TEST; WORKING-MEMORY; FRONTAL-LOBE; BRAIN-INJURY; TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; AMNESIC PATIENTS; ACQUISITION; IMPAIRMENT; RETENTION AB Purpose: To describe a cognitive neuroscience model of memory that can be used to guide assessment and promote consistent terminology among members of the rehabilitation team, and to relate the model to frequently used assessment measures. Method: Description of a model of memory, description of how frequently used memory measures relate to the model, and presentation of case studies to exemplify the application of the model to the clinical assessment of memory. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 316 EP 330 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/036) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 233CQ UT WOS:000251068400004 PM 17971492 ER PT J AU Blake, ML AF Blake, Margaret Lehman TI Perspectives on treatment for communication deficits associated with right hemisphere brain damage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; neurogenic speech and language; cognitive-communication; disorders; stroke ID DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION IMPAIRMENT; COGNITIVE RESOURCES HYPOTHESIS; PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE DISORDERS; 2 CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES; EFNS TASK-FORCE; AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION; INFERENCE GENERATION; STORY COMPREHENSION; TEXT COMPREHENSION; SELF-AWARENESS AB Purpose: To describe the current treatment research for communication (prosodic, discourse, and pragmatic) deficits associated with right hemisphere brain damage and to provide suggestions for treatment selection given the paucity of evidence specifically for this population. Method: The discussion covers (a) clinical decision processes and evidence-based practice; (b) a review of right hemisphere communication deficits and existing treatment studies; (c) accounts of right hemisphere function, right hemisphere deficits, and theoretically motivated treatments; and (d) a guide for exploring and selecting treatments based on deficits rather than etiology. Conclusions: Controlled treatment studies for communication deficits specifically for adults with right hemisphere brain damage are limited to aprosoclia. For other communication deficits, clinicians may select treatments based on current theories of right hemisphere function and right hemisphere deficits, and/or treatments developed for other etiologies for which deficits are similar to those associated with right hemisphere damage. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Clin Res Ctr 100, Houston, TX 77204 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/037) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 233CQ UT WOS:000251068400005 PM 17971493 ER PT J AU Ramsberger, G Marie, B AF Ramsberger, Gail Marie, Basem TI Self-administered cued naming therapy: A single-participant investigation of a computer-based therapy program replicated in four cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; naming; treatment; treatment intensity; computers ID APHASIA THERAPY; REHABILITATION; DISORDERS; INTERVENTIONS; EFFICACY; ANOMIA; ADULTS AB Purpose: This study examined the benefits of a self-administered, clinician-guided, computer-based, cued naming therapy. Results of intense and nonintense treatment schedules were compared. Method: A single-participant design with multiple baselines across behaviors and varied treatment intensity for 2 trained lists was replicated over 4 participants. Two lists of words were treated sequentially. The same methods and equal numbers of treatment sessions were used, but the number of sessions per week differed across word lists: nonintense (2/week) or intense (5/week). Probes of performance on both word lists were carried out to examine acquisition, maintenance, and generalization. Results: There was strong evidence of improved naming (acquisition) of trained words in 3 of the participants regardless of treatment intensity. There was strong evidence of maintenance for 1 participant and moderate evidence for the remaining 3 participants. Evidence of generalization to untrained words was weak. Conclusions: Results suggest that self-administered, computer-based, cued naming therapy using a common mixed-cue protocol may be beneficial to a wide range of persons with aphasia regardless of treatment schedule. If results are replicated with a larger sample, treatments such as this may be a low-cost supplement or extension to traditional aphasia therapy. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ramsberger, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, UCB 409, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/038) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 233CQ UT WOS:000251068400006 PM 17971494 ER PT J AU Pinborough-Zimmerman, J Satterfield, R Miller, J Bilder, D Hossain, S McMahon, W AF Pinborough-Zimmerman, Judith Satterfield, Robert Miller, Judith Bilder, Deborah Hossain, Shaheen McMahon, William TI Communication disorders: Prevalence and comorbid intellectual disability, autism, and emotional/behavioral disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication disorders; speech; disorders; language impairment; mental health; conditions; autism spectrum disorders ID LANGUAGE DISORDERS; ADMINISTRATIVE PREVALENCE; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; SPEECH; DELAY; IMPAIRMENT; AGE AB Purpose: To determine a population-based estimate of communication disorders (CDs) in children; the co-occurrence of intellectual disability (ID), autism, and emotional/behavioral disorders; and the impact of these conditions on the prevalence of CDs. Method: Surveillance targeted 8-year-olds born in 1994 residing in 2002 in the 3 most populous counties in Utah (n = 26,315). A multiple-source record review was conducted at all major health and educational facilities. Results: A total of 1,667 children met the criteria of CD. The prevalence of CD was estimated to be 63.4 per 1,000 8-year-olds (95% confidence interval = 60.4-66.2). The ratio of boys to girls was 1.8:1. Four percent of the CD cases were identified with an ID and 3.7% with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adjusting the CD prevalence to exclude ASD and/or ID cases significantly affected the CD prevalence rate. Other frequently co-occurring emotional /behavioral disorders with CD were attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and conduct disorder. Conclusions: Findings affirm that CDs and co-occurring mental health conditions are a major educational and public health concern. C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. 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Hepburn, Susan TI Pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting for Autism Research CY JUN 01-03, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA DE pragmatics; assessment; autism; spectrum disorders; Williams syndrome ID COMMUNICATION-CHECKLIST DIFFERENTIATE; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; DOWNS-SYNDROME; IMPAIRMENT; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS; TODDLERS; BEHAVIOR; SPEAKERS; MIND AB Purpose: To describe and compare the pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASID) and Williams syndrome (WS) on a standardized measure to determine whether a standard pragmatics tool can differentiate between 2 groups of children with opposing social presentations and pragmatic language difficulties. Method: Twenty-two parents of school-age children with ASD, 21 parents of school-age children with WS, and 19 parents of school-age typically developing children rated their child on the Children's Communication Checklist-Second Edition (CCC-2; D. Bishop, 2003), a standardized pragmatic language assessment tool. Results: Both clinical groups demonstrated impairment in overall communication and pragmatic language functioning, but children with WS performed significantly befteron overall pragmatic language functioning, and the magnitude of the effect was medium. Profile examination revealed equivalent performances between ASD and WS on most CCC-2 subscales; however, significantly better performances on the Coherence, Stereotyped Language, Nonverbal Communication, and Social Relations subscales were observed in WS. Conclusions: The CCC-2 appears to provide an effective means to identify and characterize pragmatic language difficulties using a standardized approach in children with ASD and WS. C1 Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Philofsky, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Box C268-30, Denver, CO 80262 USA. EM amy.philofsky@uchsc.edu CR Adams C., 2005, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V21, P227, DOI DOI 10.1191/0265659005CT2900A American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2006, GUID SPEECH LANG PAT Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 Bellugi U., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P367, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400005782 Berko-Gleason J., 2005, DEV LANGUAGE Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Bishop D. V. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 368 EP 380 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/040) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 233CQ UT WOS:000251068400008 PM 17971496 ER PT J AU Horton-Ikard, R Weismer, SE AF Horton-Ikard, RaMonda Weismer, Susan Ellis TI A preliminary examination of vocabulary and word learning in African American toddlers from middle and low socioeconomic status homes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vocabulary; African American; toddlers; fast mapping ID LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; TEST-III; PERFORMANCE; IMPAIRMENT; INTERVENTION; FAMILIES; SKILLS; INPUT AB Purpose: This study examined the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the early lexical performance of African American children. Method: Thirty African American toddlers (30 to 40 months old) from low-SES (n = 15) and middle-SES (n = 15) backgrounds participated in the study. Their lexical-semantic performance was examined on 2 norm-referenced standardized tests of vocabulary, a measure of lexical diversity (number of different words) derived from language samples, and a fast mapping task that examined novel word learning. Results: Toddlers from low-SES homes performed significantly poorer than those from middle-SES homes on standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary tests and on the number of different words used in spontaneous speech. No significant SES group differences were observed in their ability to learn novel word meanings on a fast mapping task. Conclusion: The influence of socioeconomic background on African American children's lexical semantic tasks varies with the type of measure used. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Reg Rehabil Ctr 407, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Horton-Ikard, R (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Reg Rehabil Ctr 407, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. 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R., 1995, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC Robertson SB, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1234 Stockman I., 1999, LANG ACQUIS, P61 Stockman IJ, 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P340 STOELGAMMON C, 1991, TOP LANG DISORD, V11, P21 Tabachnick B.G., 1996, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V2nd Templin M. C., 1957, I CHILD WELFARE MONO, V26 Thomas-Tate S, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V37, P143 Washington JA, 1999, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V30, P75 WATKINS RV, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P1349 Weismer SE, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P177 WEISMER SE, 2001, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Williams K. T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/041) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 233CQ UT WOS:000251068400009 PM 17971497 ER PT J AU Spillers, CS AF Spillers, Cindy S. TI An existential framework for understanding the counseling needs of clients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE counseling; grieving; existentialism; clinical issues ID LONELINESS AB Purpose: To offer an existential framework for understanding some of the emotional and grieving issues that can accompany communication disorders. Method: A narrative review of selected existential psychology literature is provided. I. Yalom's (1980, 1986) model is used as a foundation to explore the 4 existential issues of death, freedom/responsibility, loneliness, and meaninglessness. This model is then applied to communication disorders based on the work of D. Luterman (1984, 2001). These 4 existential issues are juxtaposed with K. Moses' (1989) model of the grief response, which includes denial, anxiety, fear, depression, anger, and guilt. Suggestions for responding within one's scope of practice are provided. Conclusion: Combined, existential and grieving models can offer clinicians new insight into clients' loss resolution work. This inner work constitutes a spiritual journey that may parallel the journey through therapy and rehabilitation. The case is made that attending to these issues can enhance long-term outcomes of treatment. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Spillers, CS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 221 Bohannon Hall,1207 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM cspiller@d.umn.edu CR BECK AT, 1995, COGNITIVE THERAPY DE Blair RG, 2004, J MENTAL HLTH COUNSE, V26, P333 BRAMMER LM, 2003, HELPING RELATIONSHIP Breitbart W, 2004, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V49, P366 Chodron P., 2005, PLACES SCARE YOU GUI Cooper D. E., 1990, EXISTENTIALISM Coward D. D., 2000, EXPLORING EXISTENTIA, P157 Crowe T., 1997, APPL COUNSELING SPEE Egan G., 2002, SKILLED HELPER ELLIS A, 1977, HDB RATIONAL EMOTIVE, P11 EMERICK L, 1988, Seminars in Speech and Language, V9, P257, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1082470 ENCINA GB, 2006, EMPATHIC APPROACH LI Faiver C. F., 2001, EXPLORATIONS COUNSEL FEIFEL H, 1969, EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLO, P58 FLASHER L, 2004, COUNSELING SKILLS SP Frankl V., 1959, MANS SEARCH MEANING FRANKL VE, 1986, DOCTOR SOUL FROMMREICHMANN F, 1980, ANATOMY LONELINESS, P338 HARTOG J, 1980, ANATOMY LONELINESS, P1 Kubler-Ross E, 1969, DEATH DYING Kushner H.S., 1981, BAD THINGS HAPPEN GO LINDBERGH AM, 1975, GIFTS SEA LUTERMAN D, 1984, COUNSELING COMMUNICA Luterman D. 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S, 1973, LONELINESS EXPERIENC WYATT CS, 2003, EXISTENTIALISM PRIME YALOM I, 1986, LOVES EXECUTIONER Young-Eisendrath P., 1996, GIFTS SUFFERING Young-Eisendrath P., 2000, PSYCHOL MATURE SPIRI NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/024) PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300002 PM 17666545 ER PT J AU Duffy, JR Peach, RK Strand, EA AF Duffy, Joseph R. Peach, Richard K. Strand, Edythe A. TI Progressive apraxia of speech as a sign of motor neuron disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Motor Speech CY MAR, 2006 CL Austin, TX DE apraxia of speech; motor neuron disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; NONFLUENT APHASIA; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; DEGENERATION; TOMOGRAPHY; IMPAIRMENT; COGNITION; LANGUAGE; ATROPHY AB Purpose: To document and describe in detail the occurrence of apraxia of speech (AOS) in a group of individuals with a diagnosis of motor neuron disease (MND). Method: Seven individuals with MND and AOS were identified from among 80 patients with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and AOS (J. R. Duffy, 2006). The history, presenting complaints, neurological findings, and speech-language findings were documented for each case. Results: Spastic or mixed spastic-flaccid dysarthria was present in all 7 cases. The AOS was judged as worse than the dysarthria in 4 cases. Nonverbal oral apraxia was eventually present in all cases. Aphasia was present in 2 cases and equivocally present in another 2. Dementia was present in 1 case and equivocally present in 2. Conclusions: AOS can occur in MND, typically also with dysarthria, but not invariably with aphasia or other cognitive deficits. Thus, a diagnosis of MND does not preclude the presence of AOS. More importantly, MND should be a diagnostic consideration when AOS is a prominent sign of degenerative disease. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Div Speech Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Duffy, JR (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Div Speech Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. 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M., 1999, MANAGEMENT MOTOR SPE Yoshida M, 2004, NEUROPATHOLOGY, V24, P87, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2003.00544.x NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/025) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300003 PM 17666546 ER PT J AU Haskill, AM Tyler, AA AF Haskill, Allison M. Tyler, Ann A. TI A comparison of linguistic profiles in subgroups of children with specific language impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preschoolers; morphosyntax; speech-language impairment ID GRAMMATICAL MORPHOLOGY; 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PHONOLOGY; SLI; SPEECH; DEFICITS; SYNTAX; TENSE AB Purpose: To compare morphosyntactic skills of preschoolers in different subgroups of language impairment. Method: Eighty-three children participated in this study. They represented 4 groups: (a) language impairment-only, (b) speech-language impairment with minimal or no final cluster reduction/consonant deletion, (c) speech-language impairment with frequent final cluster reduction/consonant deletion, and (d) a no-impairment control group. Group performance was compared for finite and nonfinite morpheme production and sentence structure. Results: Children in the language impairment-only group had significantly higher performance than children in both speech-language impairment subgroups, even when errors that could be attributed to final consonant deletion/cluster reduction were taken into account. The language impairment-only and control groups' performance was similar for finite and nonfinite morpheme production, and both groups produced nonfinite plurals with significantly higher accuracy than finite third person singular forms. The language impairment-only group had significantly higher accuracy for both plural and third person singular relative to the group with speech-language impairment characterized by infrequent final cluster reduction/consonant deletion. Conclusions: Children with speech-language impairment generally had poorer morphosyntactic skills than peers who had language deficits and age-appropriate speech skills. Final consonant and final cluster production skills alone did not account for group differences. Clinically, the findings suggest that it is important to assess carefully the speech skills, including final cluster production skills, of preschoolers who have language deficits and language skills of preschoolers who have speech sound disorders. C1 Augustana Coll, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Haskill, AM (reprint author), Augustana Coll, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Brodahl Bldg,639 38th St, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. EM allisonhaskill@augustana.edu CR Aguilar-Mediavilla EM, 2002, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V16, P573, DOI 10.1080/02699200210148394 GATHERCOLE SE, 1990, J MEM LANG, V29, P336, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(90)90004-J Bankson N. W., 1990, BANKSON BERNTHAL TES Bedore LM, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1185 Beers M., 1992, SCANDINAVIAN J LOGOP, V17, P9 Bernhardt B., 2000, WORKBOOK NONLINEAR P BISHOP DVM, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P156 Bortolini U, 2000, J COMMUN DISORD, V33, P131, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(99)00028-3 Botting N, 2004, CLASSIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDERS: THEORETICAL ISSUES AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS, P23 Brown Roger, 1973, 1 LANGUAGE BURGEMIESTER B, 1972, COLUMBIA MENTAL MATU Chapman R., 2000, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Chiat S, 2001, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V16, P113, DOI 10.1080/01690960042000012 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd COHEN J, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P155, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 ContiRamsden G, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P765 Conti-Ramsden G, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P741, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00770 Conti-Ramsden G, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1195 DAY A, 1986, GOOD DOG CARL Dollaghan CA, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P464, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/037) Dunn LM, 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Fudala J. B., 2001, ARIZONA ARTICULATION GERKEN LA, 1991, J MEM LANG, V30, P431, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(91)90015-C Goffman L, 2000, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V9, P151 GOPNIK M, 1991, COGNITION, V39, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90058-C HASKILL A, 2001, MONTHS MORPHEMES Hayiou-Thomas ME, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P1347, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/101) Howe M, 1992, TRANSCRIPTION CODING Hsieh L, 1999, J CHILD LANG, V26, P531, DOI 10.1017/S030500099900392X Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B Kline R. B., 2004, SIGNIFICANCE TESTING Leonard LB, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P678 LEONARD LB, 1998, CHILDREN SPECIFIC LA MARSHALL C, 2003, INTERACTIONS MORPHOL Marshall CR, 2006, COGNITION, V100, P302, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.06.001 NETTELBLADT U, 1992, SPECIFIC SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN : CORRELATES, CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES, P138 PAUL R, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P536 Pinker S., 1984, LANGUAGE LEARNABILIT Rapin I, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LANG, P155 RICE ML, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P850 RICE ML, 1999, NEURODEVELOPMENTAL D, P331 Rice ML, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1239 Rvachew S, 2005, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V29, P83 SCARBOROUGH HS, 1990, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V11, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400008262 SHRIBERG LD, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1100 Shriberg LD, 1998, EXPLORING SPEECH LAN, P73 Snow D, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1171 STARK RE, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P114 STEMBERGER JP, 2002, PHONOLOGY MORPHOLOGY TOLBERT LC, 2004, FINAL CLUSTER DEV 3 Tomblin JB, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1284 van der Lely H., 2004, VARIATION UNIVERSALS, P117 van Daal J, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P1411, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/105) van der Lely HKJ, 2005, TRENDS COGN SCI, V9, P53, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.002 Watkins R., 1994, SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IM Wexler K., 2001, RICE WEXLER TEST EAR Wiig E. H., 1992, CLIN EVALUATION LANG WOLFUS B, 1980, BRAIN LANG, V10, P152, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(80)90046-2 NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/026) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300004 PM 17666547 ER PT J AU Keintz, CK Bunton, K Hoit, JD AF Keintz, Connie K. Bunton, Kate Hoit, Jeannette D. TI Influence of visual information on the intelligibility of dysarthric speech SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; auditory-visual cues; speech perception; listener experience ID SENTENCE INTELLIGIBILITY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CEREBRAL-PALSY; STRATEGIES; HEARING AB Purpose: To examine the influence of visual information on speech intelligibility for a group of speakers with dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease. Method: Eight speakers with Parkinson's disease and dysarthria were recorded while they read sentences. Speakers performed a concurrent manual task to facilitate typical speech production. Twenty listeners (10 experienced and 10 inexperienced) transcribed sentences while watching and listening to videotapes of the speakers (auditory-visual mode) and while only listening to the speakers (auditory-only mode). Results: Significant main effects were found for both presentation mode and speaker. Auditory-visual scores were significantly higher than auditory-only scores for the 3 speakers with the lowest intelligibility scores. No significant difference was found between the 2 listener groups. Conclusions: The findings suggest that clinicians should consider both auditory-visual and auditory-only intelligibility measures in speakers with Parkinson's disease to determine the most effective strategies aimed at evaluation and treatment of speech intelligibility decrements. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Keintz, CK (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 777 Glades Rd,POB 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM ckeintz@fau.edu CR *AB SYST, 2004, AD PREM PRO COMP SOF American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1997, GUID AUD SCREEN ANSEL BA, 1985, THESIS U WISCONSIN M Aronson AE, 1990, CLIN VOICE DISORDERS BARKMEIER JM, 1988, INTELLIGIBILITY DYSA Bench J., 1979, SPEECH HEARING TESTS BERRY RA, 1975, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V40, P915 BEUKELMAN DR, 1980, J COMMUN DISORD, V13, P33, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(80)90019-2 BUNTON K, 2006, C MOT SPEECH AUST TX DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P462 DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P246 De Feo A. B., 1983, CLIN DYSARTHRIA, P165 Dromey C, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P1234, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/096) Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE DUFFY JR, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V17, P631 Enderby P. M., 1983, FRENCHAY DYSARTHRIA Garcia JM, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P750 Ho AK, 2002, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V24, P36, DOI 10.1076/jcen.24.1.36.972 HUBBARD DJ, 1980, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V23, P909 HUNTER L, 1991, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V26, P163 Hustad KC, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P198, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/066) Hustad KC, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P462, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/038) Kahneman D., 1973, ATTENTION EFFORT KALIKOW DN, 1977, J ACOUST SOC AM, V61, P1339 Kent R. D., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P81 KENT RD, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P482 Lidestam B, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P835, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/059) LINDBLOM B, 1990, AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication), V6, P220, DOI 10.1080/07434619012331275504 MACLEOD A, 1990, British Journal of Audiology, V24, P29, DOI 10.3109/03005369009077840 Massaro D. W., 1987, SPEECH PERCEPTION EY MENKE EO, 1983, J COMMUN DISORD, V16, P175 MEYERSON MD, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P357 MONSEN RB, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P286 Morrell CH, 1996, J ACOUST SOC AM, V100, P1949, DOI 10.1121/1.417906 Morris ME, 1996, BRAIN, V119, P551, DOI 10.1093/brain/119.2.551 NEELY KK, 1956, J ACOUST SOC AM, V28, P1275, DOI 10.1121/1.1908620 Nelsen MA, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P158 Oliveira RM, 1998, MOVEMENT DISORD, V13, P422, DOI 10.1002/mds.870130309 O'Neill JJ, 1954, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V19, P429 PLATT LJ, 1980, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V23, P28 Rosen S, 1982, Br J Audiol, V16, P245, DOI 10.3109/03005368209081469 Rosenblum LD, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1159 SARNO MARTHA TAYLOR, 1968, ARCH PHYS MED REHABIL, V49, P269 SIEGENTHALER BM, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V34, P58 SUMBY WH, 1954, J ACOUST SOC AM, V26, P212, DOI 10.1121/1.1907309 Summerfield A. Q., 1987, HEARING EYE PSYCHOL, P3 TIKOFSKY RS, 1964, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V7, P325 VONBERG S, 2005, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Weismer G., 1984, DYSARTHRIAS PHYSL AC, P101 Wickens C. D., 1984, VARIETIES ATTENTION, P63 Yorkston K. M., 1981, ASSESSMENT INTELLIGI Yorkston K. M., 1996, SENTENCE INTELLIGIBI YORKSTON KM, 1980, J COMMUN DISORD, V13, P15, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(80)90018-0 YORKSTON KM, 1978, J COMMUN DISORD, V11, P499, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(78)90024-2 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/027) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300005 PM 17666548 ER PT J AU Hayward, DV Gillam, RB Lien, P AF Hayward, Denyse V. Gillam, Ronald B. Lien, Phuong TI Retelling a script-based story: Do children with and without language impairments focus on script and story elements? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE script-based story retell; language impairment; children ID CAUSAL RELATIONS; NARRATIVES; SCHOOL; STATEMENTS; EVENTS; RECALL AB Purpose: The script frameworks model (R. Schank, 1975) and causal network model (T. Trabasso & L. Sperry, 1985) were used to assess script-based story retellings of children with and without language impairments (LI). When retelling scripts and stories, children developing typically include (a) more obligatory than optional elements, with few temporal sequencing errors, and (b) story elements having several versus few causal connections to other story elements. The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with LI demonstrated a similar pattern of recall. Method: A script-based story retell was collected from 22 children with LI and 22 age-matched peers (AM). Retells were analyzed for inclusion of obligatory and optional elements, elements with high and low causal connectivity, and temporal sequencing accuracy. Results: Retells from both groups contained more obligatory elements and elements with high causal connectivity. However, groups differed on the specific elements included. Conclusions: Children in the AM group appeared to utilize script and causal connectivity elements when retelling a script-based story. Children in the LI group appeared to focus more on script elements than causal connectivity. Their deficiencies may reflect difficulties with flexible application of scripts and accessing relevant knowledge, and/or generalized difficulties organizing information and extracting patterns. C1 Univ Alberta, Canadian Ctr Res Literacy, Edmonton, AB T5G 2E5, Canada. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Round Rock Independent Sch Dist, Austin, TX USA. RP Hayward, DV (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Canadian Ctr Res Literacy, Educ S 646, Edmonton, AB T5G 2E5, Canada. EM dhayward@worldgate.ca CR Abelson R., 1977, SCRIPTS PLANS GOALS ABELSON RP, 1981, AM PSYCHOL, V36, P715, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.36.7.715 BLACK JB, 1980, POETICS, V9, P223, DOI 10.1016/0304-422X(80)90021-2 Bruner J. S., 1990, ACTS MEANING Chapman R., 2000, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd CONSTABLE C, 1986, EVENT KNOWLEDGE STRU, P205 CRAIS ER, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P50 Engel S., 1995, STORIES CHILDREN TEL FIVUSH R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1697, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00412.x FIVUSH R, 2002, REPRESENTATION MEMOR, P53 Gillam R. B., 2004, TEST NARRATIVE LANGU Graesser AC, 1985, STRUCTURES PROCEDURE HAYWARD D, 2003, THESIS U ALBERTA EDM HAYWARD D, 2002, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Hudson J, 1991, DEV NARRATIVE STRUCT, P89 Hudson J. A., 1986, EVENT KNOWLEDGE STRU, P97 Justice LM, 2006, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V15, P177, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/017) KADARAVEK JN, 2004, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V26, P37 Kaufman A., 2005, KAUFMAN BRIEF INTELL Loban W., 1976, LANGUAGE DEV KINDERG Mayer M., 1969, FROG YOU MCCARTNEY KA, 1981, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V4, P59 Naremore R, 1995, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO Naremore RC, 1997, TOP LANG DISORD, V18, P16 Nelson K., 1986, EVENT KNOWLEDGE STRU, P21 Nelson K., 1981, ADV DEV PSYCHOL, VI, P131 Nelson K, 1986, EVENT KNOWLEDGE STRU, P1 NELSON K, 1996, LANGUAGE COGNITION E Newcomer P, 1997, TEST LANGUAGE DEV PR OMANSON RC, 1982, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V21, P326, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90648-X OMANSON RC, 1982, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V5, P195 PACE AJ, 1984, ORIGINS GROWTH COMMU, P268 Schank RC, 1975, REPRESENTATION UNDER, P237 SCHNEIDER P, 2004, MEASURING REFERRING Schneider P., 2003, EDMONTON NARRATIVE N Seidman S., 1986, EVENT KNOWLEDGE STRU, P161 SLACKMAN E, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P329 Slackman E. A., 1986, EVENT KNOWLEDGE STRU, P71 Slackman E. A., 1986, EVENT KNOWLEDGE STRU, P47 Stein N., 1979, NEW DIRECTIONS DISCO, V2, P53 Strong C. J., 1998, STRONG NARRATIVE ASS STRONG CJ, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P95 TRABASSO T, 1989, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V12, P1 TRABASSO T, 1985, J MEM LANG, V24, P612, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(85)90049-X TRABASSO T, 1985, J MEM LANG, V24, P595, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(85)90048-8 Trabasso T., 1994, RELATING EVENTS NARR, P85 Trabasso T., 1984, LEARNING COMPREHENSI, P83 Ukrainetz TA, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P1363, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/095) VANDENBROEK P, 1988, J MEM LANG, V27, P1, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(88)90045-9 van den Broek P., 1994, HDB PSYCHOLINGUISTIC, P539 VANDENBROEK P, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P286, DOI 10.2307/1130976 VANDENBROEK P, 1986, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V9, P1 WOLFMAN C, 1997, J SPEC EDUC, V30, P439 WOLFMAN C, 1991, J SPEC EDUC, V25, P135 Wright HH, 2001, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V10, P308, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/027) YOUNG MA, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P644 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/028) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300006 PM 17666549 ER PT J AU Skahan, SM Watson, M Lof, GL AF Skahan, Sarah M. Watson, Maggie Lof, Gregory L. TI Speech-language pathologists' assessment practices for children with suspected speech sound disorders: Results of a national survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE articulation/phonological assessment; standardized testing; english language learners ID PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; EVALUATING ARTICULATION; PRESCHOOLERS; PERSPECTIVES; CLOCK AB Purpose: This study examined assessment procedures used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when assessing children suspected of having speech sound disorders (SSD). This national survey also determined the information participants obtained from clients' speech samples, evaluation of non-native English speakers, and time spent on assessment. Method: One thousand surveys were mailed to a randomly selected group of SLPs, self-identified as having worked with children with SSD. A total of 333 (33%) surveys were returned. Results: The assessment tasks most frequently used included administering a commercial test, estimating intelligibility, assessing stimulability, and conducting a hearing screening. The amount of time dedicated to assessment activities (e.g., administering formal tests, contacting parents) varied across participants and was significantly related to years of experience but not caseload size. Most participants reported using informal assessment procedures, or English-only standardized tests, when evaluating non-native English speakers. Conclusions: Most participants provided assessments that met federal guidelines to qualify children for special education services; however, additional assessment may be needed to create comprehensive treatment plans for their clients. These results provide a unique perspective on the assessment of children suspected of having SSD and should be helpful to SLPs as they examine their own assessment practices. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. MGH Inst Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Skahan, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1901 4th Ave, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM maggie.watson@uwsp.edu RI Pos de Mina, Sonia/I-8230-2014 OI Pos de Mina, Sonia/0000-0002-4791-8076 CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2004, 2004 SCH SURV REP CA *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 1998, SUPP PERS AUD POS ST Bankson N. 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L., 2003, SPEECH DISORDERS RES Williams AL, 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P259, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2002/030) Williams AL, 2005, TOP LANG DISORD, V25, P231 Yavas M, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P49 Zipoli RP, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P208, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/021) NR 57 TC 29 Z9 32 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 246 EP 259 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/029) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300007 PM 17666550 ER PT J AU Rvachew, S AF Rvachew, Susan TI Phonolgical processing and reading in children with speech sound disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech sound disorders; reading disability; speech perception; phonological awareness ID PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS INTERVENTION; SPOKEN LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; LITERACY SKILLS; DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; FOLLOW-UP; 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PERCEPTION DEFICITS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PHONEMIC AWARENESS; DISCRIMINATION AB Purpose: To examine the relationship between phonological processing skills prior to kindergarten entry and reading skills at the end of 1st grade, in children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Method: The participants were 17 children with SSD and poor phonological processing skills (SSD-low PP), 16 children with SSD and good phonological processing skills (SSD-high PP), and 35 children with typical speech who were first assessed during their prekindergarten year using measures of phonological processing (i.e., speech perception, rime awareness, and onset awareness tests), speech production, receptive and expressive language, and phonological awareness skills. This assessment was repeated when the children were completing 1st grade. The Test of Word Reading Efficiency was also conducted at that time. First-grade sight word and nonword reading performance was compared across these groups. Results: At the end of 1st grade, the SSD-low PP group achieved significantly lower nonword decoding scores than the SSD-high PP and typical speech groups. The 2 SSD groups demonstrated similarly good receptive language skills and similarly poor articulation skills at that time, however. No between-group differences in sight word reading were observed. All but 1 child (in the SSD-low PP group) obtained reading scores that were within normal limits. Conclusion: Weaknesses in phonological processing were stable for the SSD-low PP subgroup over a 2-year period. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A8, Canada. RP Rvachew, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, 1266 Pine Ave W, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A8, Canada. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 260 EP 270 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/030) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300008 PM 17666551 ER PT J AU Kummerer, SE Lopez-Reyna, NA Hughes, MT AF Kummerer, Sharon E. Lopez-Reyna, Norma A. Hughes, Marie Tejero TI Mexican immigrant mothers' perceptions of their children's communication disabilities, emergent literacy development, and speech-language therapy program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mexican immigrants; mothers' beliefs; language disorders; emergent literacy; early intervention; speech-language therapy ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; AMERICAN; BELIEFS; EXPERIENCES; IMPAIRMENT; EDUCATION; VALIDITY; SKILLS AB Purpose: This qualitative study explored mothers' perceptions of their children's communication disabilities, emergent literacy development, and speech-language therapy programs. Method: Participants were 14 Mexican immigrant mothers and their children (age 17-47 months) who were receiving center-based services from an early childhood intervention program, located in a large urban city in the Midwestern United States. Mother interviews composed the primary source of data. A secondary source of data included children's therapy files and log notes. Following the analysis of interviews through the constant comparative method, grounded theory was generated. Results: The majority of mothers perceived their children as exhibiting a communication delay. Causal attributions were diverse and generally medical in nature (i.e., ear infections, seizures) or due to familial factors (i.e., family history and heredity, lack of extended family). Overall, mothers seemed more focused on their children's speech intelligibility and/or expressive language in comparison to emergent literacy abilities. Conclusions: To promote culturally responsive intervention, mothers recommended that professionals speak Spanish, provide information about the therapy process, and use existing techniques with Mexican immigrant families. C1 Schwab Rehabil Hosp, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Kummerer, SE (reprint author), Schwab Rehabil Hosp, 1401 S Calif Blvd, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. EM skummel@uic.edu CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2005, HIGHL TRENDS ASHA ME American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004, KNOWL SKILLS NEED SP American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2001, ROL RESP SPEECH LANG Anfara V. A., 2002, ED RES, V31, P28, DOI DOI 10.3102/0013189X031007028 August D., 2006, DEV LITERACY 2 LANGU Booth C. L., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P625 Brinton B, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P165, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/063) Catts HW, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P38, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/004) Chapman R. S., 1978, SPEECH LANGUAGE LAB, P308 Charmaz K, 2005, SAGE HDB QUALITATIVE, P507 Crowley C. 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PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/031) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 200PC UT WOS:000248774300009 PM 17666552 ER PT J AU Spielman, J Ramig, LO Mahler, L Halpern, A Gavin, WJ AF Spielman, Jennifer Ramig, Lorraine O. Mahler, Leslie Halpern, Angela Gavin, William J. TI Effects of an extended version of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment on voice and speech in Parkinson's disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson's disease; clinical research; voice treatment; dysarthria ID TREATMENT LSVT(R); MUSCLE-ACTIVITY; DYSARTHRIA; INDIVIDUALS; THERAPY; BRADYKINESIA; DIMENSIONS; TELEHEALTH; PLASTICITY; HYPOPHONIA AB Purpose: The present study examined vocal SPL, voice handicap, and speech characteristics in Parkinson's disease (PD) following an extended version of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), to help determine whether current treatment dosages can be altered without compromising clinical outcomes. Method: Twelve participants with idiopathic PD received the extended treatment version (LSVT-X), similar to LSVT except that it wets administered twice a week in 1-hr sessions over 8 weeks and required substantially more home practice. Recordings were made in a sound-treated booth immediately before and after treatment, and again 6 months later. Vocal SPL was measured for 4 different tasks and compared with data from a previous study, in which participants with PD received traditional LSVT 4 times a week for 4 weeks. Listener ratings were conducted with audio samples from both studies, using sentence pairs from a standard passage. LSVT-X participants completed the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) before each set of recordings. Results: Participants receiving LSVT-X significantly increased vocal SPL by 8 dB after treatment and maintained increased vocal SPL by 72 dB at 6 months. VHI scores improved for 25% of the LSVT-X participants following treatment, and listener ratings indicated audible improvement in speech. Conclusions: LSVT-X successfully increased vocal SPL (which was consistent with improvements following traditional LSVT), decreased perceived voice handicap, and improved functional speech in individuals with PD. Further large-scale research is required to truly establish LSVT-X efficacy. C1 Natl Ctr Voice & Speech, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Spielman, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Voice & Speech, 1101 13th St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/014) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300002 PM 17456888 ER PT J AU Lewis, BA Freebairn, LA Hansen, AJ Miscimarra, L Iyengar, SK Taylor, HG AF Lewis, Barbara A. Freebairn, Lisa A. Hansen, Amy J. Miscimarra, Lara Iyengar, Sudha K. Taylor, H. Gerry TI Speech and language skills of parents of children with speech sound disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech sound disorders; phonology; genetics; familial aggregation ID 28-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; MODERATE PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER; FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE; ELICITED SLIPS; OUTCOMES; TONGUE; DIFFICULTIES; ADOLESCENCE AB Purpose: This study compared parents with histories of speech sound disorders (SSD) to parents without known histories on measures of speech sound production, phonological processing, language, reading, and spelling. Familial aggregation for speech and language disorders was also examined. Method: The participants were 147 parents of children with SSD (58 fathers and 89 mothers) who were directly tested and interviewed for family history of disorders. Results: Thirty-six parents (18 mothers and 18 fathers) reported enrollment in speech therapy as children for SSD. Parents with a history of speech therapy obtained lower scores on the Multisyllabic Word Repetition, Nonword Repetition, and Tongue Twister tasks than parents without such histories. These parents also had poorer reading, spelling, and receptive language skills. Parents with histories of SSD and additional language impairments (LI) performed worse than parents with isolated SSD on all measures except Pig Latin and oral motor skills. Familial aggregation for SSD and Ll was supported. In addition, the likelihood of SSD in a family member increased by a factor of 1.9 over rates of SSD found in individuals without additional family members with SSD, and the odds of LI increased by a factor of 4.1 over rates of LI found in individuals without additional family members with LI for each additional family member with SSD or LI, respectively. Conclusions: The results documented both residual effects in adulthood of childhood SSD and familial aggregation for SSD. These residual difficulties do not appear to affect educational and occupational outcomes. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Lewis, BA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Behav Pediat & Psychol 6038,11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM bxl@po.cwru.edu CR ARAM DM, 1989, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V18, P487 BAARS BJ, 1975, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V14, P382, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80017-X Bankson N. 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C., 1994, TEST WRITTEN SPELLIN Leitao S, 2004, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V39, P245, DOI 10.1080/13682820310001619478 LEWIS BA, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P586 Lewis B. A., 1993, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V2, P38 Lewis BA, 2000, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V33, P433, DOI 10.1177/002221940003300504 LEWIS BA, 1993, BEHAV GENET, V23, P201 Lewis BA, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P77 LEWIS BA, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V32, P713 LIANG KY, 1986, BIOMETRIKA, V73, P13, DOI 10.1093/biomet/73.1.13 MOTLEY MT, 1982, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V21, P578, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90791-5 Nathan L, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P377, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/031) Nathan L, 2004, BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL, V74, P173, DOI 10.1348/000709904773839824 Newcomer P, 1997, TEST LANGUAGE DEV PR PENNINGTON BF, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1753, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03564.x ROBBINS J, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P271 Semel E., 1987, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Shriberg L. D., 1986, PEPPER PROGRAMS EXAM Smith SD, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P1057, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01534.x SNOWLING MJ, 1985, CHILDRENS WRITTEN LA Stein CM, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V74, P283, DOI 10.1086/381562 Stothard SE, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P407 Wechsler D., 1989, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WEINER PS, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V39, P202 Woodcock R., 1987, WOODCOCK READING MAS Young AR, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P635, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00052 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 15 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/015) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300003 PM 17456889 ER PT J AU DeThorne, LS Channell, RW AF DeThorne, Laura S. Channell, Ron W. TI Clinician-child interactions: Adjustments in linguistic complexity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language disorders; expressive language assessment; elementary school pupils ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; LEXICAL DIVERSITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; GRAMMATICAL COMPLEXITY; SPONTANEOUS SPEECH; UTTERANCE LENGTH; MEAN LENGTH; FACILITATION; TODDLERS; INPUT AB Purpose: This pilot study examined the extent and nature of associations in the linguistic complexity used by child and clinician within conversational interactions. Method: Correlation analyses focused on semantic and morphosyntactic language sample measures from an experienced speech-language clinician and 29 children with language impairment. Results: Positive associations emerged between a variety of child and clinician measures, even when the effect of child age was removed. The most robust effect related to clinician adjustments in both morphosyntactic complexity and vocabulary diversity associated with differences in children's developmental sentence scores. Conclusions: Within a conversational exchange, the clinician in this study made significant adjustments in her linguistic complexity that were due, at least in part, to the linguistic complexity used by the children with whom she was interacting. Associations were similar to adjustments reported in prior studies of parent and teacher interactions with children with differing language abilities. However, the extent to which these findings generalize to other clinicians needs to be examined. Results from the present study challenge clinicians to dedicate conscious thought toward how their linguistic input should be structured, taking into consideration both the goal of the interaction and each child's profile of linguistic strengths and weaknesses. Directions for future research are also provided. C1 Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP DeThorne, LS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 901 S 6th St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM lauras@uiuc.edu CR Beals D. 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R., 1995, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC Robertson SB, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1234 Roid G., 1997, LEITER INT PERFORMAN Rondal J. A., 1985, ADULT CHILD INTERACT ROSENBERG S, 1987, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V8, P19, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400000047 SCARBOROUGH HS, 1991, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V12, P23, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000936X Schwartz S, 1996, NEW LANGUAGE TOYS TE Smith M, 1993, NEW DIR CHILD ADOLES, V61, P67 Ukrainetz T. A., 2002, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V18, P59, DOI DOI 10.1191/0265659002CT227OA WATKINS RV, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P1349 Weizman ZO, 2001, DEV PSYCHOL, V37, P265, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.37.2.265 WHITEHURST GJ, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P690, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.5.690 Wright HH, 2003, APHASIOLOGY, V17, P443, DOI 10.1080/0268703044000166 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/016) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300004 PM 17456890 ER PT J AU Adler-Bock, M Bernhardt, BM Gick, B Bacsfalvi, P AF Adler-Bock, Marcy Bernhardt, Barbara May Gick, Bryan Bacsfalvi, Penelope TI The use of ultrasound in remediation of North American English vertical bar r vertical bar in 2 adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; remediation of /r/; residual articulation disorder ID PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; SPEECH; MISARTICULATION; SPEAKERS; VOWELS; YOUNG AB Purpose: Ultrasound can provide images of the tongue during speech production. The present study set out to examine the potential utility of ultrasound in remediation of North American English /r/. Method: The participants were 2 Canadian English-speaking adolescents who had not yet acquired /r/. The study included an initial period without ultrasound and 13 treatment sessions, each 1 hr long, using ultrasound. Speech samples were recorded at screening and immediately before and after treatment. Samples were analyzed acoustically and with listener judgments. Ultrasound images were obtained before, during, and after the treatment period. Results: Three speech-language pathologists unfamiliar with the participants rated significantly more posttreatment tokens as accurate [r]s in single words and some phrases. Acoustic analyses showed an expected lowering of,the third formant after treatment. A qualitative observation of posttreatment ultrasound images for accurate [r] tokens showed tongue shapes to be more similar to those of typical adults than had been observed before treatment. Participants needed continued practice of their newly acquired skills in sentences and conversation. Conclusion: Two-dimensional dynamic ultrasound appears to have potential utility for remediation of /r/ in speakers with residual /r/ impairment. Further research is needed with larger numbers of participants to establish the relative efficacy of ultrasound in treatment. C1 Univ British Columbia, Sch Audiol & Speech Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Bernhardt, BM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Audiol & Speech Sci, 5804 Fairview Ave, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM marcy.adler-bock@vch.ca; bernharb@interchange.ubc.ca CR Alwan A, 1997, J ACOUST SOC AM, V101, P1078, DOI 10.1121/1.417972 Bernhardt B., 2005, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V29, P169 Bernhardt B, 2005, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V19, P605, DOI 10.1080/02699200500114028 Bernhardt B, 2003, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V17, P199, DOI 10.1080/0269920031000071451 Bernhardt B. H., 1998, HDB PHONOLOGICAL DEV Bernthal J. 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J., 2001, COMPUTERIZED ARTICUL MCCAULEY RJ, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V30, P114 McGowan RS, 2004, J ACOUST SOC AM, V115, P871, DOI 10.1121/1.1642624 MODHA G, 2006, UNPUB COURSE CHANGE RUSCELLO DM, 1995, J COMMUN DISORD, V28, P331, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(95)00060-8 RUSCELLO DM, 1995, J COMMUN DISORD, V28, P279, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(95)00058-X Ruscello Dennis M., 1993, Seminars in Speech and Language, V14, P106, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064163 RUSCELLO DM, 1984, SPEECH DISORDERS CHI, P129 RUSCELLO DM, 1979, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V44, P504 Schmidt R. A., 1982, MOTOR CONTROL LEARNI Shriberg L. D., 2001, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V15, P631 Shriberg L. D., 1980, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V11, P102 SHRIBERG LD, 1975, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V40, P92 Shuster L. I., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P37 Shuster L. I., 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P29 Stone M., 1997, HDB PHONETIC SCI, P11 Stone M, 1996, J ACOUST SOC AM, V99, P3728, DOI 10.1121/1.414969 Westbury JR, 1998, SPEECH COMMUN, V26, P203, DOI 10.1016/S0167-6393(98)00058-2 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 20 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/017) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300005 PM 17456891 ER PT J AU Daniels, SK Schroeder, MF DeGeorge, PC Corey, DM Rosenbek, JC AF Daniels, Stephanie K. Schroeder, Mae Fern DeGeorge, Pamela C. Corey, David M. Rosenbek, John C. TI Effects of verbal cue on bolus flow during swallowing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deglutition; dysphagia; cued swallows; Penetration-Aspiration Scale; videofluoroscopy ID CEREBRAL CORTICAL REPRESENTATION; PENETRATION-ASPIRATION SCALE; NORMAL ADULTS; HUMANS; STROKE; WOMEN AB Purpose: To examine the effects of verbal cuing to initiate swallowing on bolus flow measures in healthy adults. Method: Videofluoroscopic examinations were completed in 12 healthy older adults (median age = 69 years) as they swallowed 5 ml of self-administered liquid barium in 2 conditions: verbally cued and noncued swallows. In the cued condition, participants held the liquid in their mouths until instructed to swallow. In the noncued condition, participants swallowed in their usual manner. Results: Verbal cue affected bolus position at onset of timing measures, thereby influencing duration. The bolus was positioned more posterior in the oral cavity at onset of oral transit for cued as compared with noncued. swallows. The leading edge of the bolus at onset of the pharyngeal swallow was more superior in the pharynx for cued as compared with noncued swallows. Durations of the cued swallows were significantly shorter than for noncued swallows for all timing measures. Bolus direction scores were not significantly different between conditions. Conclusions: Findings suggest that swallowing is altered by the use of verbal cues to initiate swallowing in healthy adults. Determining whether shorter durations with implementation of verbal cues are evident in individuals with dysphagia and whether effects are beneficial or deleterious requires continued research. C1 SE Louisiana Vet Healthcare Syst, New Orleans, LA USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Daniels, SK (reprint author), Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM stephanie.daniels@va.gov CR Chi-Fishman G, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1481 Cook I J, 1989, Dysphagia, V4, P8, DOI 10.1007/BF02407397 DANIELS SK, 2001, DYSPHAGIA, V16, P76 Daniels SK, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P33, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/004) Daniels SK, 2006, J REHABIL RES DEV, V43, P347, DOI 10.1682/JRRD.2005.01.0024 DODDS WJ, 1990, AM J ROENTGENOL, V154, P965 Dua KS, 1997, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V112, P73, DOI 10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70221-X Hiiemae KM, 1999, DYSPHAGIA, V14, P31, DOI 10.1007/PL00009582 Kern MK, 2001, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V280, pG354 LARZELERE RE, 1977, PSYCHOL BULL, V84, P557, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.84.3.557 Lazarus CL, 1996, LARYNGOSCOPE, V106, P1157, DOI 10.1097/00005537-199609000-00021 LOF G L, 1990, Dysphagia, V4, P236, DOI 10.1007/BF02407271 Logemann J, 1998, EVALUATION TREATMENT, V2nd Logemann JA, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P434, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/034) Martin RE, 2001, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V85, P938 MARTINHARRIS B, IN PRESS J SPEECH LA Martin-Harris B, 2005, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V133, P234, DOI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.03.059 Mosier K, 1999, LARYNGOSCOPE, V109, P1417, DOI 10.1097/00005537-199909000-00011 PALMER J B, 1992, Dysphagia, V7, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02493469 Rademaker AW, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P275 Robbins J, 1999, DYSPHAGIA, V14, P228, DOI 10.1007/PL00009610 ROBBINS J, 1992, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V103, P823 ROBBINS JA, 1993, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V74, P1295, DOI 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90082-L Rosenbek JC, 1996, DYSPHAGIA, V11, P93, DOI 10.1007/BF00417897 Toogood JA, 2005, EXP BRAIN RES, V161, P81, DOI 10.1007/s00221-004-2048-1 Tracy J F, 1989, Dysphagia, V4, P90, DOI 10.1007/BF02407151 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/018) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300006 PM 17456892 ER PT J AU Stierwalt, JAG Youmans, SR AF Stierwalt, Julie A. G. Youmans, Scott R. TI Tongue measures in individuals with normal and impaired swallowing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tongue function; tongue strength and endurance; dysphagia ID STRENGTH; FORCE; VISCOSITY; ENDURANCE; EXERCISE; VOLUME AB Purpose: This investigation sought to add to the extant literature on measures of normal tongue function, to provide information on measures of tongue function in a group of individuals with oral phase dysphagia, and to provide a comparison of these 2 groups matched for age and gender. Method: The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument was utilized to measure tongue function (strength and endurance) in a group of individuals with normal (N = 200) and impaired (N = 50) swallowing. The peak measure of 3 encouraged trials was recorded as participants' strength, and 50% of their peak was sustained as long as possible for endurance. Results: Results for the control group supported previous investigations wherein greater tongue strength was found in males than in females and in the youngest versus oldest groups. The experimental group demonstrated a similar trend in strength for gender. When matched for age and gender, the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower strength. Significant differences were not revealed on measures of tongue endurance. Conclusions: We were able to extend the normative database on tongue function and document reduced tongue strength in a group of individuals with dysphagia. The findings provide evidence that in this group, tongue weakness coincided with signs of dysphagia, adding justification for tongue-strengthening protocols. C1 Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Long Isl Univ, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Stierwalt, JAG (reprint author), Florida State Univ, 325 Reg Rehab Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM julie.stierwalt@comm.fsu.edu CR Adamo ML, 2006, AGEING RES REV, V5, P310, DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2006.05.001 CLARK HC, 2004, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Clark HM, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P40, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/051) Colodny N, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P61, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/008) Cornwell Petrea L, 2003, Pediatr Rehabil, V6, P67, DOI 10.1080/1363849031000139289 Crow HC, 1996, J GERONTOL, V51A, P247 Garcia JM, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P4, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/003) Goozée J V, 2001, Logoped Phoniatr Vocol, V26, P51 Groher ME, 1997, DYSPHAGIA DIAGNOSIS KAYS S, 2006, DYSPH RES SOC ANN C Lazarus CL, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1011 Logemann J, 1998, EVALUATION TREATMENT, V2nd Logemann JA, 2005, DYSPHAGIA, V20, P139, DOI 10.1007/s00455-005-0005-1 LUSCHEI ES, 1991, DYSARTHRIA AND APRAXIA OF SPEECH, P3 Macaluso A, 2004, EUR J APPL PHYSIOL, V91, P450, DOI 10.1007/s00421-003-0991-3 Miller JL, 1996, DYSPHAGIA, V11, P117, DOI 10.1007/BF00417901 Nicosia MA, 2000, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V55, P634 POUDEROUX P, 1995, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V108, P1418, DOI 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90690-8 Robbins J, 2005, J AM GERIATR SOC, V53, P1483, DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53467.x Robbins J., 1995, J GERONTOL, V50, P257 ROBIN DA, 1991, DYSARTHRIA AND APRAXIA OF SPEECH, P173 ROBIN DA, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P1239 ROBINOVITCH SN, 1991, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V72, P38 Solomon NP, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P584, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/045) STIERWALT JAG, 2002, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Theodoros D G, 1998, Pediatr Rehabil, V2, P107 Thompson E. C., 1995, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V3, P27 YOUMANS SR, 2002, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Youmans SR, 2006, DYSPHAGIA, V21, P102, DOI 10.1007/s00455-006-9013-z NR 29 TC 49 Z9 51 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/019) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300007 PM 17456893 ER PT J AU Kohler, CT Bahr, RH Silliman, ER Bryant, JB Apel, K Wilkinson, LC AF Kohler, Candida T. Bahr, Ruth Huntley Silliman, Elaine R. Bryant, Judith Becker Apel, Kenn Wilkinson, Louise C. TI African American English dialect and performance on nonword spelling and phonemic awareness tasks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Reading-Association-Invitational CY 2006 CL Columbia, SC SP Int Reading Assoc Invitat DE dialect; African American English; nonword spelling; phonological processing ID PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS; CONSONANT CLUSTERS; VERNACULAR ENGLISH; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; ACHIEVEMENT; CONTEXTS; SKILLS; WORDS; READ AB Purpose: To evaluate the role of dialect on phonemic awareness and nonword spelling tasks These tasks were selected for their reliance on phonological and orthographic processing, which may be influenced by dialect use. Method: Eighty typically developing African American children in Grades 1 and 3 were first screened for dialect use and then completed a standardized test of phonological processing and a nonword spelling measure. The influence of dialect was analyzed in both experimental tasks, followed by a qualitative analysis of dialect use in nonword spellings. Results: Dialect density measures based solely on the use of African American English (AAE) phonological features explained few differences in phonological processing scores. In contrast, correlations indicated that children with higher dialect densities produced more nonword spelling errors influenced by AAE, an effect most evident in Grade 3. Qualitative analyses revealed AAE phonological features occurring in many of the misspelled nonwords. Conclusion: After Grade 2, nonword spelling may be more sensitive to the effects of dialect variation than are phonemic awareness tasks. It is suggested that spelling may be a more sensitive clinical indicator of difficulties in integrating the phonological and orthographic information needed for fluent decoding skill. C1 Univ S Florida, Commun Sci & Disorders, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Bahr, RH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Commun Sci & Disorders, 4202 E Fowler Ave,PCD 1017, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM rbahr@cas.usf.edu RI Silliman, Elaine/A-6809-2009 CR Bailey Guy, 1998, AFRICAN AM ENGLISH S, P85 Berninger VW, 2006, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V29, P61, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2901_5 BRUCK M, 1990, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V50, P156, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(90)90037-9 CASSAR M, 2004, HDB LANGUAGE LIT DEV, P627 Castles A, 2004, COGNITION, V91, P77, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(03)00164-1 Charity AH, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1340, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00744.x Craig HK, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P623, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/049) Deacon SH, 2006, J CHILD LANG, V33, P401, DOI 10.1017/S0305000906007409 Ehri L. C., 1997, LEARNING SPELL RES T, P237 Foorman BR, 2005, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V38, P494, DOI 10.1177/00222194050380060401 Foorman BR, 2006, CONTEMP EDUC PSYCHOL, V31, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.11.003 GILLAM RB, 2004, LANGUAGE LIT LEARNIN, P63 Hogan TP, 2005, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V36, P285, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2005/029) HUNT CEL, 1970, J NUCL MATER, V35, P134, DOI 10.1016/0022-3115(70)90040-1 Jackson N. E, 2001, ROUTES READING SUCCE, V1st Labov W., 1972, LANGUAGE INNER CITY MILLER JF, 1999, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Nagy W, 2006, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V98, P134, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.98.1.134 Oetting JB, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P207, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/018) Oetting JB, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P505, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/040) Perfetti C. A., 1997, LEARNING SPELL RES T, P21 POLLACK K, 2000, U MEMPH RES S MEMPH Reece C, 2001, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V22, P139, DOI 10.1017/S0142716401002016 Ross S, 2004, COGNITIVE DEV, V19, P417, DOI 10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.05.001 Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Silliman ER, 2002, SPEAKING , READING, AND WRITING IN CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE LEARNING DISABILITIES: NEW PARADIGMS IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, P109 Silliman ER, 2006, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V29, P93, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2901_6 SILLIMAN ER, 2001, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L SIMONS H, 1976, RES TEACH ENGL, V4, P339 Sligh AC, 2003, CONTEMP EDUC PSYCHOL, V28, P205, DOI 10.1016/S0361-476X(02)00013-9 Stockman I., 1996, COMMUNICATION DEV DI, P117 TEMPLETON S, 2004, LANGUAGE LIT LEARNIN, P273 Thomas-Tate S, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P182, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/018) Thompson CA, 2004, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V35, P269, DOI 10.1044/0161-12461(2004/025) Torgesen J. K., 1994, TEST PHONOLOGICAL AW Treiman R, 2000, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V21, P183, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400002022 TREIMAN R, 2003, HDB CHILDRENS LIT, P31 Treiman R, 1998, READING AND SPELLING, P371 Treiman R, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01937.x Treiman R, 2005, BL HBK DEV PSYCHOL, P120, DOI 10.1002/9780470757642.ch7 TREIMAN R, 1995, COGNITION, V55, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)00638-2 Treiman R, 2004, PSYCHON B REV, V11, P338, DOI 10.3758/BF03196580 Treiman R., 2006, HDB ORTHOGRAPHY LITE, P581 Treiman R., 2001, HDB LINGUISTICS, P664 Treiman R, 2000, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V26, P1423, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.26.6.1423 Trudgill Peter, 1999, DIALECTS ENGLAND U. S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics, 2002, COND ED 2002 Wagner R., 1999, COMPREHENSIVE TEST P Washington J. A., 2001, LEARNING DISABILITIE, V16, P213, DOI 10.1111/0938-8982.00021 Washington JA, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1115 Wolfram W., 1998, AM ENGLISH NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/020) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300008 PM 17456894 ER PT J AU Dworzynski, K Remington, A Rijsdijk, F Howell, P Plomin, R AF Dworzynski, Katharina Remington, Anna Rijsdijk, Fruehling Howell, Peter Plomin, Robert TI Genetic etiology in cases of recovered and persistent stuttering in an unselected, longitudinal sample of young twins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Speech Motor Control Conference CY JUN, 2006 CL Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS DE stuttering; twins; longitudinal sample ID CHILDHOOD AB Purpose: The contribution of genetic factors in the persistence of and early recovery from stuttering was assessed. Method: Data from the Twins Early Development Study were employed. Parental reports regarding stuttering were collected at ages 2, 3, 4, and 7 years, and were used to classify speakers into recovered and persistent groups. Of 12,892 children with at least 2 ratings, 950 children had recovered and 135 persisted in their stutter. Results: Logistic regressions showed that the rating at age 2 was not predictive of later stuttering, whereas ratings at ages 3 and 4 were. Concordance rates were consistently higher for monozygotic than for dizygotic twin pairs (with the exception of girls at age 3). At 3, 4, and 7 years, the liability to stuttering was highly heritable (h2 estimates of between .58 and .66). Heritability for the recovered and persistent groups was also high but did not differ from each other. Conclusion: Stuttering appears to be a disorder that has high heritability and little shared environment effect in early childhood and for recovered and persistent groups of children, by age 7. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed. C1 UCL, Dept Psychol, London WC1E 6BT, England. Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Howell, P (reprint author), UCL, Dept Psychol, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM p.howell@ucl.ac.uk RI Rijsdijk, Fruhling/B-4191-2011; Plomin, Robert/B-8911-2008 CR Ambrose NG, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P567 AMBROSE NG, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P701 ANDREWS G, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P1034 BEHAR LB, 1977, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V5, P265, DOI 10.1007/BF00913697 Bishop EG, 2003, INTELLIGENCE, V31, P31, DOI 10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00112-5 Bloodstein O, 1995, HDB STUTTERING, V5th COOPER EB, 1972, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V15, P632 COX N J, 1984, Genetic Epidemiology, V1, P245, DOI 10.1002/gepi.1370010304 Felsenfeld S, 2002, J COMMUN DISORD, V35, P329, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(02)00088-6 Felsenfeld S, 2000, BEHAV GENET, V30, P359, DOI 10.1023/A:1002765620208 HOWIE PM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V24, P317 McGue M., 1993, NATURE NURTURE PSYCH, P59, DOI DOI 10.1037/10131-003 NEALE MC, 2002, MX STAT MODELING Ooki S, 2005, TWIN RES HUM GENET, V8, P69, DOI 10.1375/twin.8.1.69 Peters T. J., 1991, STUTTERING INTEGRATE PLOMIN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01655.x PLOMIN R, 2002, CURRENT PAEDIAT, V12, P419, DOI 10.1054/cupe.2002.0320 Price T S, 2000, Twin Res, V3, P129, DOI 10.1375/136905200320565391 Rijsdijk Frühling V, 2002, Brief Bioinform, V3, P119, DOI 10.1093/bib/3.2.119 Rutter M., 2006, GENES BEHAV NATURE N Shugart YY, 2004, AM J MED GENET A, V124A, P133, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.20347 Trouton A, 2002, TWIN RES, V5, P444, DOI 10.1375/136905202320906255 Viswanath N, 2004, HUM BIOL, V76, P401, DOI 10.1353/hub.2004.0050 Wingate M., 2002, FDN STUTTERING YAIRI E, 1996, J COMMUN DISORD, V29, P53 Yairi E, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1097 Yairi E., 2005, EARLY CHILDHOOD STUT NR 27 TC 33 Z9 37 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/021) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300009 PM 17456895 ER PT J AU Nippold, MA Mansfield, TC Billow, JL AF Nippold, Marilyn A. Mansfield, Tracy C. Billow, Jesse L. TI Peer conflict explanations in clhildren, adolescents, and adults: Examining the development of complex syntax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Speech-Language-Hearing-Association CY NOV 18-20, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc DE expository discourse; later language development; typical development ID LANGUAGE-LEARNING DISABILITIES; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; EXPOSITORY DISCOURSE AB Purpose: Expository discourse, the use of language to convey information, requires facility with complex syntax. Although expository discourse is often employed in school and work settings, little is known about its development in children, adolescents, and adults. Hence, it is difficult to evaluate this genre in students who have language disorders. This study examined syntactic complexity in expository discourse in an effort to begin to establish a normative database. Method: Speakers with typical development whose mean ages were 11, 17, and 25 years old (n = 60) participated in a peer conflict resolution (PCR) task designed to elicit expository discourse. The results were compared with an additional measure of expository discourse, the favorite game or sport (FGS) task, reported in a previous study that included these same participants (M. A. Nippold, L. J. Hesketh, J. K. Duthie, & T. C. Mansfield, 2005). Results: The PCR task elicited expository discourse from speakers in all 3 groups. Older speakers packed more information into their utterances than did younger ones, and the PCR task elicited greater syntactic complexity than did the FGS task. Conclusions: The PCR task is potentially a useful tool for examining expository discourse. Research is needed to expand the database and administer the task to clinical groups. C1 Univ Oregon, Coll Educ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Nippold, MA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Coll Educ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM nippold@uoregon.edu CR Bates E., 2003, FRONTIERS BIOL BRAIN, P241 BERMAN RA, 2002, WRITTEN LANGUAGE LIT, V0005 Bliss Lynn, 2002, DISCOURSE IMPAIRMENT Brown R., 1973, 1 LANGUAGE EARLY STA Cohen J., 1969, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA CREWS F, 1977, RANDOM HOUSE HDB CRYSTAL D, 1996, REDISCOVER GRAMMAR Evans Julia L., 1999, Seminars in Speech and Language, V20, P101, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064012 Gillam R. B., 2004, TEST NARRATIVE LANGU Gillam RB, 1999, TOP LANG DISORD, V20, P33 Hay E, 2005, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V14, P324, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/031) HUNT CEL, 1970, J NUCL MATER, V35, P134, DOI 10.1016/0022-3115(70)90040-1 Leadholm B. J., 1992, LANGUAGE SAMPLE ANAL Lee L. L., 1974, DEV SENTENCE ANAL GR Loban W., 1976, LANGUAGE DEV KINDERG Mansfield T. C., 2005, 10 INT C STUD CHILD MAYO P, 1994, SCRIPTING SOCIAL COM Meline T., 1997, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V6, P33 Miller J.F., 1981, ASSESSING LANGUAGE P MILLER JF, 2003, SALT SYSTEMATIC ANAL Nippold M. A., 2007, LATER LANGUAGE DEV S Nippold M. A., 1993, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V24, P21 Nippold MA, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P1048, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/073) NIPPOLD MA, 2005, 26 ANN S RES CHILD L NIPPOLD MA, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P108 Paul R., 2001, LANGUAGE DISORDERS I Paul R., 1981, ASSESSING LANGUAGE P, P36 Quirk R., 1973, CONCISE GRAMMAR CONT SANTROCK JW, 1996, ADOLESCENCE Scott C. M., 1988, LATER LANGUAGE DEV A, P49 Scott CM, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P324 SELMAN RL, 1986, DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P450, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.22.4.450 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 2005, DEV LANGUAGE, P148 TYACK D, 1977, LANGUAGE SAMPLING AN VERHOEVEN L, 2002, WRITTEN LANGUAGE LIT, V0005 WALKER HM, 1994, TOP LANG DISORD, V14, P70 Ward-Lonergan JM, 1999, J LEARN DISABIL, V32, P213, DOI 10.1177/002221949903200303 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/022) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 167NV UT WOS:000246459300010 PM 17456896 ER PT J AU Thompson, CK AF Thompson, Cynthia K. TI Complexity in language learning and treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE treatment; complexity; generalization ID APHASIA; ACQUISITION; NETWORKS; DEFICITS AB Purpose: To introduce a Clinical Forum focused on the Complexity Account of Treatment Efficacy (C. K. Thompson, L. P. Shapiro, S. Kiran, & J. Sobecks, 2003), a counterintuitive but effective approach for treating language disorders. This approach espouses training complex structures to promote generalized improvement of simpler, linguistically related structures. Three articles are included, addressing complexity in treatment of phonology, lexical-semantics, and syntax. Method: Complexity hierarchies based on models of normal language representation and processing are discussed in each language domain. In addition, each article presents single-subject controlled experimental studies examining the complexity effect. By counterbalancing treatment of complex and simple structures across participants, acquisition and generalization patterns are examined as they emerge. Results: In all language domains, cascading generalization occurs from more to less complex structures; however, the opposite pattern is rarely seen. The results are robust, with replication within and across participants. Conclusions: The construct of complexity appears to be a general principle that is relevant to treating a range of language disorders in both children and adults. While challenging the long-standing clinical notion that treatment should begin with simple structures, mounting evidence points toward the facilitative effects of using more complex structures as a starting point for treatment. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Thompson, CK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 2240 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/002) PG 3 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 154VL UT WOS:000245535800002 PM 17329670 ER PT J AU Kiran, S AF Kiran, Swathi TI Complexity in the treatment of naming deficits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia; semantic complexity; treatment ID WORD MATCHING TASKS; SEMANTIC MEMORY; CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE; DISTRIBUTED ACCOUNT; CATEGORY EXEMPLARS; APHASIA; DISORDERS; THERAPY; REPRESENTATIONS; VERIFICATION AB Purpose: This article discusses a novel approach for treatment of lexical retrieval deficits in aphasia in which treatment begins with complex, rather than simple, lexical stimuli. This treatment considers the semantic complexity of items within semantic categories, with a focus on their featural detail. Method and Results: Previous work on training items within animate categories (S. Kiran & C. K. Thompson, 2003b) and preliminary work aimed at items within inanimate categories are discussed in this article. Both these studies indicate that training atypical category items that entail features inherent in the category prototype as well as distinctive features that are not characteristic of the category prototype results in generalization to untrained typical examples which entail only features consistent with the category prototype. Conversely, training typical examples does not result in generalization to untrained atypical examples. In this article, it is argued that atypical items are more complex than typical items within a category, and a theoretical framework for this dimension of semantic complexity is discussed. Then, evidence from treatment studies that support this complexity hierarchy is presented. Potential patient- and stimulus-specific factors that may influence the success of this treatment approach are also discussed. Conclusions: The applications of semantic complexity to treatment of additional semantic categories and functional applications of this approach are proposed. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kiran, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, CMA 7-206, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/004) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 154VL UT WOS:000245535800004 PM 17329672 ER PT J AU Thompson, CK Shapiro, LP AF Thompson, Cynthia K. Shapiro, Lewis P. TI Complexity in treatment of syntactic deficits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphasia treatment; complexity; generalization ID TREE PRUNING HYPOTHESIS; BRAIN-DAMAGED SUBJECTS; SENTENCE PRODUCTION; AGRAMMATIC APHASIA; WH-MOVEMENT; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; LEXICAL ORGANIZATION; QUESTION PRODUCTION; MAPPING THERAPY; VERB PRODUCTION AB Purpose: This article addresses complexity in the context of treatment for sentence structural impairments in agrammatic aphasia, with emphasis on noncanonical sentences involving linguistic movement and their related counterparts. Extensions of the complexity effect to recovery of canonical sentences also are discussed, stressing the linguistic properties of verbs as well as grammatical morphology in building complexity hierarchies. Method: A number of variables to consider in developing complexity hierarchies in the syntactic domain are addressed, and a series of studies using single-subject controlled experimental analysis are discussed. Results: Findings across studies show that training complex sentences results in improvement of simpler structures when, and only when, the underlying linguistic properties are shared by both. The opposite approach, training simple structures first and building to more complex ones, does not provide the full benefit of treatment, in that little or no generalization occurs across structures. Conclusion: Using complex language material as a starting point for treatment of sentence structural deficits in aphasia results in cascading generalization to simpler, linguistically related material and expands spontaneous language production in many language-disordered adults with aphasia.,Clinicians are, therefore, urged to adopt this approach in clinical practice, even though it is counterintuitive and departs significantly from conventional treatment methods. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Thompson, CK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 2240 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/005) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 154VL UT WOS:000245535800005 PM 17329673 ER PT J AU Byrd, CT Conture, EG Ohde, RN AF Byrd, Courtney T. Conture, Edward G. Ohde, Ralph N. TI Phonological priming in young children who stutter: Holistic versus incremental processing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; stuttering; phonology; holistic; incremental ID SPOKEN WORD RECOGNITION; VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT; 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; NONWORD REPETITION; SPEECH; PERCEPTION; DISFLUENCY; SIMILARITY; DISORDERS; ABILITIES AB Purpose: To investigate the holistic versus incremental phonological encoding processes of young children who stutter (CWS; N = 26) and age- and gender-matched children who do not stutter (CWNS; N = 26) via a picture-naming auditory priming paradigm. Method: Children named pictures during 3 auditory priming conditions: neutral, holistic, and incremental. Speech reaction time (SRT) was measured from the onset of picture presentation to the onset of participant response. Results: CWNS shifted from being significantly faster in the holistic priming condition to being significantly faster in the incremental priming condition from 3 to 5 years of age. In contrast, the majority of 3- and 5-year-old CWS continued to exhibit faster SRT in the holistic than the incremental condition. Conclusion: CWS are delayed in making the developmental shift in phonological encoding from holistic to incremental processing, a delay that may contribute to their difficulties establishing fluent speech. C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Byrd, CT (reprint author), 10627 Floral Pk Dr, Austin, TX 78759 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/006) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 154VL UT WOS:000245535800006 PM 17329674 ER PT J AU Thal, D DesJardin, JL Eisenberg, LS AF Thal, Donna DesJardin, Jean L. Eisenberg, Laurie S. TI Validity of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories for measuring language abilities in children with cochlear implants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cochlear implants; validity of parent report; language development ID PROFOUNDLY DEAF-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENT SURVEY LDS; LATE-TALKING TODDLERS; PARENT REPORT MEASURE; HARD-OF-HEARING; VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY; LATE TALKERS; GESTURE; INFANTS AB Purpose: To examine the validity of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) for measuring language abilities in children with profound hearing loss who are using cochlear implants. Method: Twenty-four children with cochlear implants and their mothers participated in this study. Children ranged in age from 32 months to 86 months (the majority were 32 to 66 months old). The number of months postimplantation. ranged from 3 to 60 (the majority were around 24 months). Mothers completed the CDI before behavioral testing. Behavioral measures included the Reynell Developmental Language Scales and measures of vocabulary and grammar from a spontaneous language sample. Results: Both the Words and Gestures and the Words and Sentences forms of the CDI were shown excellent validity for this sample of children, if they had language that was in the range measured by the instrument. Correlations with behavioral measures ranged from .41 to .93 and were comparable to those reported for children with typical development. Conclusions: The CDI forms are valid tools to use with children who are using cochlear implants and who are in the early stages of language development, even if they are older than the norming sample. Age-equivalence may be obtained if children score below the median for the oldest age norms. They may also be used to describe the language of children who are not at ceiling. Specific recommendations for interventionists are provided. C1 San Diego State Univ, Sch Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Dev Psycholinguist Lab, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. House Ear Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Thal, D (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Sch Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Dev Psycholinguist Lab, 6330 Alvarado Court,Suite 231, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. EM dthal@mail.sdsu.edu CR Bates E., 1988, 1 WORDS GRAMMAR INDI Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS CO BATES E, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P1004, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.25.6.1004 Bates E, 1997, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V13, P447 BATES E, 1995, HDB CHILD LANGUAGE, P275 Berman R. 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PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/007) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 154VL UT WOS:000245535800007 PM 17329675 ER PT J AU Eadie, TL Yorkston, KM Klasner, ER Dudgeon, BJ Deitz, JC Baylor, CR Miller, RM Amtmann, D AF Eadie, Tanya L. Yorkston, Kathryn M. Klasner, Estelle R. Dudgeon, Brian J. Deitz, Jean C. Baylor, Carolyn R. Miller, Robert M. Amtmann, Dagmar TI Measuring communicative participation: A review of self-report instruments in speech-language pathology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication; participation; outcome measures; International Classification of Functioning; disability and health ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; DISABILITY OUTCOMES RESEARCH; VOICE SYMPTOM SCALE; INTERNATIONAL-CLASSIFICATION; HANDICAP; HEALTH; STROKE; IMPACT; ICF; REHABILITATION AB Purpose: To assess the adequacy of self-report instruments in speech-language pathology for measuring a construct called communicative participation. Method: Six instruments were evaluated relative to (a) the construct measured, (b) the relevance of individual items to communicative participation, and (c) their psychometric properties. Results: No instrument exclusively measured communicative participation. Twenty-six percent (n = 34) of all items (N= 132) across the reviewed instruments were consistent with communicative participation. The majority (76%) of the 34 items were associated with general communication, while the remaining 24% of the items were associated with communication at work, during leisure, or for establishing relationships. Instruments varied relative to psychometric properties. Conclusions: No existing self-report instruments in speech-language pathology were found to be solely dedicated to measuring communicative participation. Developing an instrument for measuring communicative participation is essential for meeting the requirements of our scope of practice. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Eadie, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, 1417 NE 42nd St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/030) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 114DI UT WOS:000242646500004 PM 17102143 ER PT J AU Bothe, AK Davidow, JH Bramlett, RE Franic, DM Ingham, RJ AF Bothe, Anne K. Davidow, Jason H. Bramlett, Robin E. Franic, Duska M. Ingham, Roger J. TI Stuttering treatment research 1970-2005: II. Systematic review incorporating trial quality assessment of pharmacological approaches SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering; evidence-based practice; systematic review; pharmacology; treatment outcomes ID SPEECH DISFLUENCIES; TREATMENT EFFICACY; HALOPERIDOL; CHILDREN; CLOMIPRAMINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; DESIPRAMINE; RISPERIDONE; ADOLESCENTS; CLONIDINE AB Purpose: To complete a systematic review, incorporating trial quality assessment, of published research about pharmacological treatments for stuttering. Goals included the identification of treatment recommendations and research needs based on the available high-quality evidence. Method: Multiple readers reviewed 31 articles published between 1970 and 2005, using a written data extraction instrument developed as a synthesis of existing standards and recommendations. Articles were then assessed using 5 methodological criteria and 4 outcomes criteria, also developed from previously published recommendations. Results: None of the 31 articles met more than 3 of the 5 methodological criteria (M = 1.74). Four articles provided data to support a claim of short-term improvement in social, emotional, or cognitive variables. One article provided data to show that stuttering frequency was reduced to less than 5%, and 4 additional articles provided data to show that stuttering may have been reduced by at least half. Among the articles that met the trial quality inclusion criterion for the second stage of this review, none provided uncomplicated positive reports. Conclusions: None of the pharmacological agents tested for stuttering have been shown in methodologically sound reports to improve stuttering frequency to below 5%, to reduce stuttering by at least half, or to improve relevant social, emotional, or cognitive variables. These findings raise questions about the logic supporting the continued use of current pharmacological agents for stuttering. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bothe, AK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, 556 Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/032) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 114DI UT WOS:000242646500006 PM 17102145 ER PT J AU Brady, N Skinner, D Roberts, J Hennon, E AF Brady, Nancy Skinner, Debra Roberts, Joanne Hennon, Elizabeth TI Communication in young children with fragile X syndrome: A qualitative study of mothers' perspectives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragile X; communication disorders; parents; preschool children; qualitative research analysis ID BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; LANGUAGE; MALES; INTERVENTION; AUTISM; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENTS; EXPERIENCES; SYMPTOMS AB Purpose: To provide descriptive and qualitative information about communication in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and about how families react to and accommodate communication differences in their children. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with 55 mothers of young children with FXS. Interviewers asked mothers to describe their children's communication, strategies they used to help promote their children's communication, communication-related frustrations, their expectations for their children, and the roles that they perceive for themselves. Results: Over half the children were nonverbal and learning to communicate with augmentative and alternative communication. Mothers reported using strategies that were developmentally appropriate and recommended by early childhood experts, such as reading and talking to their children. Many mothers identified challenges faced in helping their child to communicate, and some cited difficulty obtaining speech-language services as a challenge. Mothers identified their roles as caregiver, teacher, therapist, and advocate. Conclusions: The perspectives offered by mothers are valuable because they indicate how children with FXS communicate in natural contexts. Information about mothers' expectations and roles may help clinicians to be sensitive to variables that will affect working with young children and their families. C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Brady, N (reprint author), Univ Kansas, 1052 Dole,1000 Sunnyside Dr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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L., 2001, COMMUNICATION DISORD, V22, P135, DOI 10.1177/152574010102200303 Woods JJ, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P180, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/015) Yoder PJ, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P1158, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/094) NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/033) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 114DI UT WOS:000242646500007 PM 17102146 ER PT J AU Crais, ER Roy, VP Free, K AF Crais, Elizabeth R. Roy, Vicky Poston Free, Karen TI Parents' and professionals' perceptions of the implementation of family-centered practices in child assessments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE family-centered services; child assessment; early intervention services; family and professional perceptions; evidence-based practices ID EARLY INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SATISFACTION; VALIDITY; SERVICES; PERSPECTIVES; OUTCOMES AB Purpose: To determine the degree to which early intervention professionals and families agreed on whether specific family-centered practices were implemented in specific child assessments,and which practices were viewed as important to include in future child assessments. Method: A self-rating instrument was used to survey 134 early intervention professionals (across a variety of disciplines) and 58 family members in triads (2 professionals and 1 family member for each assessment) after they had participated together in a child assessment. Participants were asked to identify across 41 family-centered practices whether the practice was implemented (actual practice) and would be important to include in future assessments (ideal practice). Results: Agreement between families and professionals and between professionals was high for both actual practices (69% and 78%, respectively) and ideal practices (82% and 8.4%, respectively). Some practices were frequently implemented, whereas others were seldom implemented. Both professionals and families viewed most of the practices as ideal. However, an implementation gap was seen on almost half of the practices between what families and professionals viewed as actually implemented and what was ideal implementation. Conclusions: Although a number of family-centered practices were implemented in the child assessments studied, the results pinpointed specific practices that professionals and families agreed should be changed. The results can serve as a guide for enhancing the implementation of, and continued investigation into, family-centered practices in child assessment and can add key information toward the identification of evidence-based practices. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Crais, ER (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, CB 7190, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM bcrais@med.unc.edu CR ABLEBOONE H, 1990, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V10, P100 *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2004, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI Bailey DB, 1998, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V64, P313 BAILEY DB, 1992, IMPLEMENTING FAMILY BAILEY DB, 1992, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V58, P298 BAILEY DB, 1991, FAMILY ORIENTATION C BAILEY DB, 1990, J SPEC EDUC, V23, P423 Barrera I, 2002, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V22, P103, DOI 10.1177/02711214020220020501 Bauman KJ, 2003, ED ATTAINMENT 2000 C BLOCH J, 1989, SOCIAL WORK ED JUL, P226 Boone H. 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PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/034) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 114DI UT WOS:000242646500008 PM 17102147 ER PT J AU Yoder, PJ AF Yoder, Paul J. TI Predicting lexical density growth rate in young children with autism spectrum disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; spoken language; predictors ID JOINT ATTENTION; FOLLOW-UP; COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOLERS; PROGNOSIS; DEFICITS; LEVEL; PLAY AB Purpose: The purpose of this longitudinal correlational study was to test whether an environmental variable and 4 child variables predicted growth rate of number of different nonimitative words used (i.e., lexical density). Method: Thirty-five young (age range 21-54 months) children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who were initially nonverbal or low verbal participated in the study. Lexical density was measured at 3 times: at entry into the study as well as 6 months and 12 months after entry into the study. Growth curve analysis was used to test the associations. The predictive value of the putative predictors in the model was tested after controlling for initial expressive language impairment. Results: Initial frequency of intentional communication and diversity of object play were predictors of lexical density growth above and beyond initial expressive language impairment (both pseudo R(2)S =.14). Conclusions: Intentional communication and diversity of object play may represent important prelinguistic goals for young children with ASD. These skills not only have been shown to be malleable through treatment, but they also provide a context for linguistic input from others that may facilitate language development. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Yoder, PJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM paul.yoder@vanderbilt.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 Baldwin DA, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1915, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01835.x Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS CO, P33 BATES E, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P1004, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.25.6.1004 Bono MA, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P495, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2545-x Bretherton I., 1992, SOCIAL REFERENCING S, P57 BRUNER JS, 1975, COGNITION, V3, P255, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(74)90012-2 Bryk A. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 378 EP 388 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/035) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 114DI UT WOS:000242646500009 PM 17102148 ER PT J AU Behrman, A AF Behrman, Alison TI Facilitating behavioral change in voice therapy: The relevance of motivational interviewing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE voice therapy; compliance; adherence; Motivational Interviewing; voice disorders ID CLIENT COMMITMENT; MODEL; METAANALYSIS; DISORDERS; DYSPHONIA; ADHERENCE; EFFICACY; OUTCOMES; NODULES; PATIENT AB Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present an exploration of some of the issues surrounding adherence to vocal behavioral change in voice therapy within the context of Motivational Interviewing (MI) and to explore MI's potential for integration into voice therapy (MI-adapted voice therapy). MI is a style of interpersonal communication in which resistance is minimized through the use of skillful listening in a directive, constructive discussion about behavior change. The goal of MI-adapted voice therapy is to enhance patient adherence to vocal behavioral change. Method: A narrative review of the literature is presented, together with the experiences of the author with 10 adult patients with voice disorders who participated in MI-adapted voice therapy. Results: It is shown that the principles of MI can be applied throughout the therapy program. Points of resistance to vocal behavioral change that were common across many patients appeared to be addressed appropriately by specific MI dialogue strategies. Conclusions: It is concluded that MI-adapted voice therapy holds promise as an approach to address patient adherence to vocal behavioral change. However, research is necessary to define the efficacy of this approach and the factors associated with its efficacy. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/020) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200002 PM 16896171 ER PT J AU Liss, JM Krein-Jones, K Wszolek, ZK Caviness, JN AF Liss, Julie M. Krein-Jones, Kari Wszolek, Zbigniew K. Caviness, John N. TI Speech characteristics of patients with pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration and their application to presymptornatic detection in at-risk relatives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dysarthria; pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration; dementia ID AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT PARKINSONISM; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; PPND FAMILY; DEMENTIA; MUTATION; DISEASE; TREMOR; VOICE AB Purpose: This report describes the speech characteristics of individuals with a neurodegenerative syndrome called pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) and examines the speech samples of at-risk, but asymptomatic, relatives for possible preclinical detection. Method: Speech samples of 9 members of a PPND kindred were subjected to perceptual characterization. Speech deterioration patterns were reported for 2 participants followed longitudinally at 6-month intervals. Cross-sectional findings were reported for 3 participants at various stages of disease. Longitudinal and cross-sectional findings were used to guide the examination of 4 at-risk, but asymptomatic, participants. Results: Results revealed a progressive mixed dysarthria with hypokinetic, spastic, and flaccid features. It was characterized primarily by vocal tremor and high-frequency vocal flutter, speaking rate abnormalities most often in the direction of slowing, and a tendency toward monopitch. Dysarthria progression was marked by exacerbation and increasing severity of early features, progressive decrease in spontaneous speech output, verbal perseverations, and eventual mutism. Results for at-risk participants revealed preclinical speech abnormalities that preceded other motor signs. Speech results were examined in light of available autopsy findings for site of lesion associations. Conclusion: The dysarthria of PPND is an early harbinger of disease onset. It has a mixed presentation, with hypokinetic, spastic, and flaccid features. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Motor Speech Disorders Lab, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Mayo Clin, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Mayo Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Liss, JM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Motor Speech Disorders Lab, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM julie.liss@asu.edu CR ARONSON AE, 1992, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V101, P511 Boutsen FR, 1998, NEUROMOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS, P157 Caviness JN, 2003, PARKINSONISM RELAT D, V9, P151, DOI 10.1016/S1353-8020(02)00034-2 DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P462 Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Elemetrics Kay, 1993, MULT VOIC PROGR MDVP Fahn S, 1987, RECENT DEV PARKINSON, V2, P153 Fairbanks G, 1960, VOICE ARTICULATION D Ferman TJ, 2003, PARKINSONISM RELAT D, V9, P265, DOI 10.1016/S1353-8020(02)00098-6 FOLSTEIN MF, 1975, J PSYCHIAT RES, V12, P189, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 Frattali C, 2003, EUR J NEUROL, V10, P103, DOI 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00545.x Harel BT, 2004, J NEUROLINGUIST, V17, P439, DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2004.06.001 LOGEMANN JA, 1978, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V43, P47 LUDLOW CL, 1987, BRAIN LANG, V32, P195, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(87)90124-6 MILENKOVIC P, 1992, CSPEECH VERSION 4 CO Milenkovic P, 2004, TF32 COMPUTER SOFTWA Quinn N, 1989, J NEUROL NEUROSURG S, V52, P78, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.52.Suppl.78 Reed LA, 1998, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V57, P588, DOI 10.1097/00005072-199806000-00006 Silbergleit AK, 1997, J VOICE, V11, P222, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80081-1 Wszolek ZK, 1998, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V107, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0013-4694(98)00064-9 WSZOLEK ZK, 1993, PARKINSONIAN SYNDROM, P297 WSZOLEK ZK, 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P312, DOI 10.1002/ana.410320303 WSZOLEK ZK, 2001, MAPPING PROGR ALZHEI, V30, P517 Wszolek ZK, 2001, MOVEMENT DISORD, V16, P756, DOI 10.1002/mds.1131 Yorkston K. M., 1981, ASSESSMENT INTELLIGI NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/021) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200003 PM 16896172 ER PT J AU Kouri, TA Selle, CA Riley, SA AF Kouri, Theresa A. Selle, Carrie A. Riley, Sarah A. TI Comparison of meaning and graphophonemic feedback strategies for guided reading instruction of children with language delays SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language impaired children; literacy instruction; guided reading; feedback cues; oral reading cues ID LEARNING-DISABILITIES; CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK; COMPREHENSION; STUDENTS; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; OUTCOMES; READERS AB Purpose: Guided reading is a common practice recommended for children in the early stages of literacy development. While experts agree that oral reading facilitates literacy skills, controversy exists concerning which corrective feedback strategies are most effective. The purpose of this study was to compare feedback procedures stemming from 2 different theoretical perspectives on literacy development. Method: Fourteen children with specific language impairment (SLI) and 21 with typically developing language read aloud 2 stories to an adult examiner who presented corrective feedback prompts when reading miscues (errors) occurred. One type of feedback based on whole language principles emphasized meaning aspects of a text. The other type consisted of graphophonemic (GP) word-decoding strategies. Before reading, participants were provided instruction on 5 key words taken from each story text. This instruction emphasized either meaning or GP aspects of specific key words. Story comprehension questions followed readings. Results: Findings indicated that more miscued words were corrected overall through the use of GP feedback cues; however, some meaning-based instructional advantages were indicated for key word identifications for children with SLI. Higher story comprehension scores were yielded in the GP condition for both groups. Conclusions: Both meaning-based and phonemic key word reviews, prior to oral reading, appear to be effective strategies for children with SLI. The use of GP word-decoding cues may be more effective than meaning-based cues for facilitating correction of reading miscues during children's oral readings. Further research findings are discussed along with clinical implications for using corrective feedback procedures. C1 Univ No Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. St Alexius Med Ctr, Bismark, MD USA. Grant Wood Area Educ Agcy, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. RP Kouri, TA (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, CAC 233, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. EM theresa.kouri@uni.edu CR Adams M. J., 1990, BEGINNING READ THINK Afflerbach P., 2002, S FORESMAN READING BERGERON BS, 1990, J READING BEHAV, V22, P301 Brown L., 1997, TEST NONVERBAL INTEL BYRNE B, 1991, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V83, P451, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.83.4.451 Carver RP, 1990, READING RATE REV RES Chapman J. W., 2001, SCI STUD READ, V5, P141, DOI 10.1207/S1532799Xssr0502_2 Clay M., 1991, BECOMING LIT CONSTRU Clay M, 1993, READING RECOVERY GUI Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Crowe LK, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P16, DOI 10.1044/10580-0360(2003/049) Fey M., 1986, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO FLEISHER LS, 1983, LEARN DISABILITY Q, V6, P146, DOI 10.2307/1510792 FOORMAN BR, 1991, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V83, P456, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.456 Fountas I. C., 1996, GUIDED READING GOOD GERSTEN R, 1993, REM SPEC EDUC, V14, P5 Goodman K., 1993, PHONICS PHACTS Goodman K S., 1967, J READING SPECIALIST, V4, P126, DOI DOI 10.1080/19388076709556976 Gough P. B., 1983, EYE MOVEMENTS READIN, P203 GROSSEN B, 1997, SYNTHESIS RES READIN Harris T. L., 1995, LIT DICT VOCABULARY JOHNSON DD, 1984, TEACHING READING VOC KAMHI A, 1999, LANGUAGE READING DIS Kamhi Alan G., 2001, Seminars in Speech and Language, V22, P175, DOI 10.1055/s-2001-16144 Liberman I. Y., 1979, THEORY PRACTICE EARL, V2, P109 Mastropieri MA, 1997, REM SPEC EDUC, V18, P197 MCCOY KM, 1986, READ TEACH, V39, P548 MENDENHALL W, 1999, INTRO PROBABILITY ST MEYER LA, 1982, READ RES QUART, V17, P544, DOI 10.2307/747570 National Reading Panel, 2000, TEACH CHILDR READ EV NICHOLSON T, 1991, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V83, P444, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.444 NORRIS JA, 1988, READ TEACH, V41, P668 PANY D, 1988, J LEARN DISABIL, V21, P546 PANY D, 1981, J READING BEHAV, V13, P131 PANY D, 1982, LEARN DISABILITY Q, V5, P202, DOI 10.2307/1510288 Pinnell G. S., 1998, WORD MATTERS TEACHIN Pressley Michael, 2002, READING INSTRUCTION ROUTMAN R, 1991, INVITATIONS CHANGING Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Shankweiler D., 1999, SCI STUD READ, V3, P69, DOI DOI 10.1207/S1532799XSSR0301_4 Share DL, 1995, ISSUES ED CONTRIBUTI, V1, P1 Smith F., 1997, READING NONSENSE SMITH F, 1999, LANG ARTS, V77, P150 Snow CE, 1999, TOP LANG DISORD, V20, P48 Stanovich K. E., 1994, READ TEACH, V47, P280 Swanson HL, 1999, J LEARN DISABIL, V32, P504, DOI 10.1177/002221949903200605 TORGESEN JK, 2003, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Torgesen JK, 2001, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V34, P33, DOI 10.1177/002221940103400104 VELLUTINO FR, 1991, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V83, P437, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.437 Wagner R., 1999, COMPREHENSIVE TEST P WEAVER C, 1994, UNDERSTANDING WHOLE NR 51 TC 3 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 236 EP 246 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/022) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200004 PM 16896173 ER PT J AU Pena, ED Spaulding, TJ Plante, E AF Pena, Elizabeth D. Spaulding, Tammie J. Plante, Elena TI The composition of normative groups and diagnostic decision making: Shooting ourselves in the foot SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; assessment; classification; language impairment ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; GRAMMATICAL MORPHOLOGY; NARRATIVE DISCOURSE; REPETITION; DISORDERS; TESTS AB Purpose: The normative group of a norm-referenced test is intended to provide a basis for interpreting test scores. However, the composition of the normative group may facilitate or impede different types of diagnostic interpretations. This article considers who should be included in a normative sample and how-this decision must be made relative to the purpose for which a test is intended. Method: The way in which the composition of the normative sample affects classification accuracy is demonstrated through a test review followed by a simulation study. The test review examined the descriptions of the normative group in a sample of 32 child language tests. The mean performance reported in the test manual for the sample of language impaired children was compared with the sample's norms, which either included or excluded children with language impairment. For the simulation, 2 contrasting normative procedures were modeled. The first procedure included a mixed group of representative cases (language impaired and normal cases). The second procedure excluded the language impaired cases from the norm. Results: Both the data obtained from test manuals and the data simulation based on population characteristics supported our claim that use of mixed normative groups decreases the ability to accurately identify language impairment. Tests that used mixed norms had smaller differences between the normative and language impaired groups in comparison with tests that excluded children with impairment within the normative sample. The simulation demonstrated mixed norms that lowered the group mean and increased the standard deviation, resulting in decreased classification accuracy. Conclusions: When the purpose of testing is to identify children with impaired language skills, including children with language impairment in the normative sample can reduce identification accuracy. C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pena, ED (reprint author), Univ Texas, 2504-A Whitis,Room 7-214, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lizp@mail.utexas.edu CR American Educational Research Association American Psychological Association & National Council on Measurement in Education, 1999, STAND ED PSYCH TEST BARRETT M, 1992, LISTENING TEST Bedore LM, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1185 Bernstein HG, 2005, PROTEAS BIOL DIS, V3, P1, DOI 10.1007/0-387-23101-3_1 BLANK M, 2003, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE A BLODGETT EG, 1987, ANAL LANGUAGE LEARNI Boehm A. E., 2001, BOEHM TEST BASIC CON Botting N, 2002, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V18, P1, DOI 10.1191/0265659002ct224oa Bowers L., 2002, TEST SEMANTIC SKILLS Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1999, TEST AUDITORY COMPRE Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1995, ORAL WRITTEN LANGUAG Carrow-Woolfolk E, 1999, COMPREHENSIVE ASSESS Carrow-Woolfolk E, 1996, ORAL WRITTEN LANGUAG Catts HW, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P38, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/004) Dollaghan C, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1136 Dollaghan CA, 2004, J COMMUN DISORD, V37, P391, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.002 Dunn LM, 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Fey ME, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P1301, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/098) Gillam R. B., 2004, TEST NARRATIVE LANGU Hammill D., 1996, TEST WRITTEN LANGUAG HAMMILL DD, 1997, TEST LANGUAGE DEV IN Hresko W. 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B., 1986, TEST PRAGMATIC SKILL Simkin Z, 2001, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V36, P395 Spaulding TJ, 2006, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V37, P61, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2006/007) Thorum A., 1986, FULLERTON LANGUAGE T Tomblin JB, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1284 Tomblin JB, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P1245 URWIN S, 1988, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V14, P127, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1988.tb00569.x WALLACE G, 2002, COMPREHENSIVE RECEPT Wexler K., 2001, RICE WEXLER TEST EAR Wiig E. H., 1992, TEST WORD KNOWLEDGE Wiig E. H., 1992, CLIN EVALUATION LANG WIIG EH, 1989, TEST LANGUAGE COMPRE Williams K. T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR ZACHMAN L, 1989, WORD TEST ADOLESCENT Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th NR 56 TC 21 Z9 22 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/023) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200005 PM 16896174 ER PT J AU Blake, ML AF Blake, Margaret Lehman TI Clinical relevance of discourse characteristics after right hemisphere brain damage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stroke; language expression; discourse analysis ID MINI-MENTAL-STATE; WORKING-MEMORY; ADULTS; LANGUAGE; AGE; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; STROKE; OLD AB Purpose: Discourse characteristics of adults with right hemisphere brain damage are similar to those reported for healthy older adults, prompting the question of whether changes are due to neurological lesions or normal aging processes. The clinical relevance of potential differences across groups was examined through ratings by speech-language pathologists. Method: A thinking-out-loud task was used to elicit discourse from 8 individuals with right brain damage and 8 healthy older adults. Speech-language pathologists rated discourse transcripts on content and quantity variables and then classified them as belonging to a participant with or without brain damage. Subjective ratings were validated against corroborating measures. Results: Discourse produced by adults with right brain damage was rated as more tangential and egocentric than that from healthy older adults. Extreme verbosity or paucity of speech was attributed to people with right brain damage. One third of the speech-language pathologists accurately classified discourse samples according to group, whereas the others displayed biases toward one group or the other. Conclusions: Tangentiality, egocentrism, and extremes of quantity are clinically relevant characteristics of discourse produced by adults with right brain damage. Speech-language pathologists must be aware of potential biases that influence their perception of "normal" discourse production. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Commun Disorders, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Blake, ML (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Commun Disorders, 4505 Cullen Blvd,100 Clin Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM mtblake@uh.edu CR Arbuckle T. Y., 1993, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V48, pP225 Blake M. 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S., 2001, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO, P809 MYERS PS, 1994, CLIN APHASIOL, V22, P25 MYERS PS, 1999, RIGHT HEMISPHERE DIS MYERS PS, 1979, CLIN AP C P MINN MN, V9, P38 NORTH AJ, 1986, INT J AGING HUM DEV, V23, P267, DOI 10.2190/BPF0-2BWD-BGNQ-HWCW OLSON Gary M., 1984, NEW METHODS READING, P253 SHADDEN BB, 1995, TOP LANG DISORD, V15, P75 SHEWAN CM, 1988, J COMMUN DISORD, V21, P139, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(88)90002-0 SKA B, 1996, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V20, P101 Tompkins CA, 1995, RIGHT HEMISPHERE COM TOMPKINS CA, 1993, CLIN APHASIOLOGY, V21, P113 TOMPKINS CA, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P896 TRUPE EH, 1985, CLIN APHASIOLOGY, V15, P83 Ulatowska HK, 1998, APHASIOLOGY, V12, P619, DOI 10.1080/02687039808249562 URYASE D, 1991, CLIN APHASIOLOGY, V19, P125 WAPNER W, 1981, BRAIN LANG, V14, P15, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(81)90061-4 Wilson B. A., 1987, BEHAV INATTENTION TE NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 255 EP 267 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200006 ER PT J AU Hustad, KC AF Hustad, Katherine C. TI A closer look at transcription intelligibility for speakers with dysarthria: Evaluation of scoring paradigms and linguistic errors made by listeners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech intelligibility; speech perception; dysarthria; cerebral palsy ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; SPEECH SUPPLEMENTATION; ATAXIC DYSARTHRIA; STIMULUS COHESION; HEARING; CLEAR; CUES AB Purpose: This study addressed the effects of 3 different paradigms for scoring orthographic transcriptions of dysarthric speech on intelligibility scores. The study also examined whether there were differences in transcription accuracy among words from different linguistic classes. Method: Speech samples were collected from 12 speakers with dysarthria of varying severity. Twelve different listeners made orthographic transcriptions of each speaker, for a total of 144 listeners. Transcriptions were scored using 3 different paradigms: total word phonemic match, informational word phonemic match, and informational word semantic match. Transcriptions were also coded into 3 linguistic categories: content words, modifiers, and functors. The number of words that each listener transcribed correctly within each category was tallied. Results: There were significant differences among the 3 scoring paradigms. However, the magnitude of differences was relatively small. In addition, listeners transcribed functor words more accurately than content words or modifiers. They also transcribed free morphemes more accurately than bound morphemes. Conclusions: The specific scoring paradigm that clinicians employ for measuring speech intelligibility appears to be relatively inconsequential as long as consistent procedures are used. Analyses of the kinds of words that listeners transcribe correctly suggest that interventions focusing on listener processing strategies should be considered for enhancing intelligibility of speakers with chronic dysarthria. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hustad, KC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 475 Waisman Ctr,1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM kchustad@wisc.edu CR ANSEL BM, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P296 Beukelman DR, 2002, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V10, P237 Garcia JM, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1282 GROSJEAN F, 1987, SPOKEN WORD RECOGNIT, P135 Howell D. C., 2002, STAT METHODS PSYCHOL, V5th Howell DC, 2004, FUNDAMENTAL STAT BEH Hustad K. C., 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P1 Hustad KC, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P497, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/039) HUSTAD KC, 2003, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, P41 Hustad KC, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P462, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/038) Hustad KC, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P545, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/043) Kirk RR, 1995, EXPT DESIGN PROCEDUR Liss JM, 2002, J ACOUST SOC AM, V112, P3022, DOI 10.1121/1.1515793 Liss JM, 1998, J ACOUST SOC AM, V104, P2457, DOI 10.1121/1.423753 Liss JM, 2000, J ACOUST SOC AM, V107, P3415, DOI 10.1121/1.429412 Liu HM, 2005, J ACOUST SOC AM, V117, P3879, DOI 10.1121/1.1898623 Marascuilo L. A., 1983, MULTIVARIATE STAT SO Marascuilo LA, 1988, STAT METHODS SOCIAL MONSEN RB, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V48, P286 MONSEN RB, 1978, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V21, P197 PICHENY MA, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V29, P434 PLATT LJ, 1980, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V23, P41 *SON FDN, 2002, SOUND FORG 6 0 COMP TIKOFSKY RS, 1964, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V7, P325 Turner GS, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P769 Yorkston K. M., 1999, MANAGEMENT MOTOR SPE YORKSTON KM, 1980, J COMMUN DISORD, V13, P15, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(80)90018-0 YORKSTON KM, 1978, J COMMUN DISORD, V11, P499, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(78)90024-2 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/025) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200007 PM 16896176 ER PT J AU O'Neil-Pirozzi, TM AF O'Neil-Pirozzi, Therese M. TI Comparison of context-based interaction patterns of mothers who are homeless with their preschool children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mothers; preschool children; language; homeless people ID ACCELERATING LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY DELAYS; LOW-INCOME FAMILIES; DAY-CARE; FOLLOW-UP; LOW-SES; SPEECH; INTERVENTION; TODDLERS; PARENTS AB Purpose: The primary purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the influence of context on interaction patterns used by mothers who are homeless with their preschool children during book-reading and game-playing activities. The impact of mothers' previously determined language functioning on their contextual use of facilitating language utterances was also examined. Method: Using a prospective, nonrandomized, comparison group design, mothers read a book and played a game with their preschool children. Facilitating language utterances produced by the mothers in 16 mother-child dyads during each activity were analyzed. Results: Regardless of their language functioning, no significant contextual differences in percentage use of facilitating language utterances were found across mothers., Overall maternal use of facilitating utterances was less than 50%. Across both contexts, mothers used few different types of facilitating language utterances. Conclusions: This exploratory study provides initial evidence of overall consistency of facilitating language utterance use by mothers who are homeless during interactions with their preschool children across contexts, regardless of maternal language functioning. This study provides an initial framework for future research investigating the interactions of families who are homeless and discusses possible language interventions for these at-risk families. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Speech Language Pathol & Audiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP O'Neil-Pirozzi, TM (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Speech Language Pathol & Audiol, 103 Forsyth Bldg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM t.oneil-pirozzi@neu.edu CR Arnold D. S., 1994, BRIDGES LIT CHILDREN, P103 BASSUK E, 1987, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V57, P279 BASSUK EL, 1993, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V63, P340, DOI 10.1037/h0079443 Better Homes Fund, 1999, HOM CHILDR AM NEW OU BLOMHOFFMAN J, IN PRESS J APPL SCH Bloom L, 1978, LANGUAGE DEV LANGUAG CAMPBELL FA, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P684, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00777.x Cross T. G., 1977, TALKING CHILDREN LAN, P151 Dollaghan CA, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1432 Dunst C. J., 1993, BUILDING EVALUATING EDWARDS PA, 1989, RISK MAKERS RISK TAK, P222 FARRAN DC, 1982, LANGUAGE CHILDREN RE, P19 Fey ME, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P273 GAG W, 1956, MILLIONS CATS GEWIRTZMAN R, 1987, CHILD WELFARE, V66, P237 Girolametto L, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P364 Girolametto L, 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P155 Girolametto L, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1274 HEATH S, 1982, LANG SOC, V2, P49 Heath S. B., 1983, WAYS WORDS HESS RD, 1965, CHILD DEV, V36, P869, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1965.tb05345.x Hockenberger EH, 1999, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V19, P15, DOI 10.1177/027112149901900102 Justice LM, 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P17, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2002/003) Kaiser A. P., 1996, PEABODY J EDUC, V71, P66 Kaiser AP, 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, P63 Kaiser AP, 1996, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V16, P375 LASKY EZ, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P7 Levene H., 1960, CONTRIBUTIONS PROBAB, V1, P278 NINIO A, 1980, CHILD DEV, V51, P587, DOI 10.2307/1129299 Nittrouer S, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1059 OBRIEN M, 1987, J CHILD LANG, V14, P269 O'Neil-Pirozzi TM, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P229, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/069) Purcell-Gates V., 1995, OTHER PEOPLES WORDS Rescorla Leslie, 1993, Seminars in Speech and Language, V14, P264, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064176 Reynolds AJ, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P2339, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.18.2339 Risley T. R., 1995, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC ROSEBERRYMCKIBB.C, 2001, ASHA LEADER ONLINE Sigel I. E., 1984, DEV ORAL WRITTEN LAN, P71 Snow C. E., 1977, TALKING CHILDREN LAN, P31 SNOW CE, 1982, LANGUAGE CHILDREN RE, P53 SNOW CE, 1976, J PSYCHOLINGUIST RES, V5, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01067944 SORSBY AJ, 1991, J CHILD LANG, V18, P373 Tabors P., 2001, BEGINNING LITERACY L, P111 Tannock R., 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU, P49 *US C MAYORS, 2003, STAT REP HUNG HOM AM U.S. Census Bureau, 2001, CURR POP REP SER US VALDEZMENCHACA MC, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P1106, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.28.6.1106 van Kleeck A, 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P175, DOI 10.1044/1058/0360(2002/017) WHITEHURST GJ, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P679, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.5.679 WHITEHURST GJ, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P552, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.552 WHITMAN BY, 1990, SOC WORK, V35, P516 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/026) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200008 PM 16896177 ER PT J AU Smith, AB Roberts, J Smith, SL Locke, JL Bennett, J AF Smith, Allan B. Roberts, Jenny Smith, Susan Lambrecht Locke, John L. Bennett, Jane TI Reduced speaking rate as an early predictor of reading disability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infants; toddlers; written comprehension disorders; articulation ID DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; ARTICULATION RATE; PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; CHILDREN; SPEECH; DEFICITS; LITERACY; RETARDATION; SKILL AB Purpose: This study evaluated whether developmental reading disability could be predicted in children at the age of 30 months, according to 3 measures of speech production: speaking rate, articulation rate, and the proportion of speaking time allocated to pausing. Method: Speech samples of 18 children at high risk and 10 children at low risk for reading disability were recorded at 30 months of age. High risk was determined by history of reading disability in at least 1 of the child's parents. In grade school, a reading evaluation identified 9 children within the high-risk group as having reading disability and 9 children as not having reading disability. The 10 children at low risk for reading disability tested negative for reading disability. Results: Children with reading disability showed a significantly slower speaking rate than children at high risk without reading disability. Children with reading disability allocated significantly more time to pausing, as compared with the other groups. Articulation rate did not differ significantly across groups. Conclusions: Speaking rate and the proportion of pausing time to speaking time may provide an early indication of reading outcome in children at high risk for reading disability. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Hofstra Univ, Hempstead, NY 11550 USA. CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Smith, AB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 5724 Dunn Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM allan.b.smith@umit.maine.edu CR Baken RJ, 2000, CLIN MEASUREMENT SPE Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BISHOP DVM, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P1027, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00844.x BODER E, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P663 BRADLEY L, 1983, NATURE, V301, P419, DOI 10.1038/301419a0 BRADY S, 1989, LANG SPEECH, V32, P109 Brady SA, 1997, FOUNDATIONS OF READING ACQUISITION AND DYSLEXIA, P21 Butterworth B. L, 1980, LANGUAGE PRODUCTION, P155 Byrne B, 2002, ANN DYSLEXIA, V52, P49 Catts H., 1999, SCI STUD READ, V3, P331, DOI DOI 10.1207/S1532799XSSR0304_2 CATTS HW, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P422 CATTS HW, 1986, J LEARN DISABIL, V19, P504 DENCKLA MB, 1976, BRAIN LANG, V3, P1, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(76)90001-8 DENCKLA MB, 1976, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V14, P471, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(76)90075-0 Elbro C, 1998, READ RES QUART, V33, P36, DOI 10.1598/RRQ.33.1.3 Elliott C. D., 1990, DIFFERENTIAL ABILITI Fawcett Angela J, 2002, Dyslexia, V8, P189, DOI 10.1002/dys.222 Fawcett A. J., 1996, DYSLEXIA SCREENING T FAWCETT AJ, 1995, J MOTOR BEHAV, V27, P235 Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT Flipsen P, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P100, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/008) Gallagher A, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P203, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00601 Hall KD, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1367 HASELAGER GJT, 1991, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V5, P53, DOI 10.3109/02699209108985502 JASTAK M, 1984, WIDE RANGE ACHIEVEME Joanisse MF, 2000, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V77, P30, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1999.2553 Kamhi A. G., 2005, LANGUAGE READING DIS Karlsen B., 1984, STANFORD DIAGNOSTIC KENT RD, 1980, J PHONETICS, V8, P157 KOWAL S, 1975, J PSYCHOLINGUIST RES, V4, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01066926 Larrivee LS, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P118 LEVELT W, 1989, SPEAKING INTENTION A Locke JL, 1997, DYSLEXIA: BIOLOGY, COGNITION AND INTERVENTION, P72 LOVETT MW, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P234, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03503.x LOVETT MW, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P163 LUST B, 1996, LANG SPEECH & COMMUN, P55 Lyytinen H, 1997, DYSLEXIA: BIOLOGY, COGNITION AND INTERVENTION, P97 MACWHINNEY B, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P978, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01256.x Miles T. R, 1993, DYSLEXIA PATTERN DIF MILLER JL, 1984, PHONETICA, V41, P215 Nicolson R, 2001, Trends Neurosci, V24, P515, DOI 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01923-8 NICOLSON RI, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P159, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90013-A Olofsson A, 1999, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V32, P464, DOI 10.1177/002221949903200512 Orton S. T., 1937, READING WRITING SPEE PENNINGTON BF, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V266, P1527, DOI 10.1001/jama.266.11.1527 Pindzola R. H., 1989, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V20, P133 Ramus F, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P712, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00157 Rispoli M, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P1131, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/089) Rispoli M, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P818, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/064) RUTTER M, 1975, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V16, P181, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1975.tb01269.x SCARBOROUGH HS, 1991, READ WRIT, V3, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF00354959 SCARBOROUGH HS, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1728, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03562.x Shriberg L. D., 1986, PEPPER PROGRAMS EXAM Smith A, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P18 SMITH SL, 2004, DISS ABSTR INT, V64, P4657 SNOWLING MJ, 1981, PSYCHOL RES-PSYCH FO, V43, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF00309831 Speece DL, 1999, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V20, P167 Stackhouse J., 1997, CHILDRENS SPEECH LIT STANOVICH KE, 1988, J LEARN DISABIL, V21, P590 STANOVICH KE, 1986, READ RES QUART, V21, P360, DOI 10.1598/RRQ.21.4.1 Torgesen J.K., 1998, AM ED SPR, P1 WALKER JF, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P4 Watson CS, 2003, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V36, P165, DOI 10.1177/002221940303600209 Wiederholt J. L., 1992, GRAY ORAL READING TE Wolf M, 1997, FOUNDATIONS OF READING ACQUISITION AND DYSLEXIA, P67 Wolf M, 2000, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V33, P387, DOI 10.1177/002221940003300409 Wolf M., 1999, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V91, P1, DOI [10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.415, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.91.3.415] WOLF M, 1986, BRAIN LANG, V27, P360, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(86)90025-8 WOLFF PH, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V33, P281 WOLFF PH, 1984, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V22, P587, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(84)90023-X Woodcock R., 1987, WOODCOCK READING MAS YOPP H, 1988, READING RES Q, V23, P160 NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/027) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 079ZU UT WOS:000240217200009 PM 16896178 ER PT J AU Marshall, RC Freed, DB AF Marshall, RC Freed, DB TI The personalized cueing method: From the laboratory to the clinic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE personalized cueing; naming deficits; aphasia; durability ID SUBORDINATE CATEGORY NAMES; APHASIC SUBJECTS; NAMING DISORDERS; THERAPY; REHABILITATION; FACILITATION; DEFICITS; MODEL; REPLICATION; IMPAIRMENT AB Purpose: The personalized cueing method is a novel procedure for treating naming deficits of persons with aphasia that is relatively unfamiliar to most speech-language pathologists. The goal of this article is to introduce the personalized cueing method to clinicians so that it might be expanded and improved upon. It is also hoped that this article will promote further research in the treatment of naming deficits of clients with aphasia. Method: This clinical focus article (a) describes the origins of the personalized cueing method, the steps involved in creating personalized cues, and training and assessment procedures used with the personalized cueing method; (b) summarizes the published research supporting the use of the personalized cueing method; and (c) highlights some of the clinical advantages of this novel naming treatment for clients and clinicians. Results: Research with the personalized cueing method indicates that durability (long-term naming accuracy) for items trained with the personalized cueing method exceeds that for items trained with phonological cueing and other methods. It further shows that as the stimuli used to train naming in the personalized cueing experiments have become more realistic, durability of personalized cueing has increased. Conclusion: Personalized cueing is a parsimonious approach for treatment of naming deficits of persons with aphasia that has shown positive treatment effects in 8-12 training sessions. C1 Univ Kentucky, Coll Hlth Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Marshall, RC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Hlth Sci, Room 120F-CTW,900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/011) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500002 PM 16782683 ER PT J AU Drager, KDR Postal, VJ Carrolus, L Castellano, M Gagliano, C Glynn, J AF Drager, Kathryn D. R. Postal, Valerie J. Carrolus, Leanne Castellano, Megan Gagliano, Christine Glynn, Jennifer TI The effect of aided language modeling on symbol comprehension and production in 2 preschoolers with autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aided language modeling; intervention; autism; augmentative and alternative communication; symbols; comprehension; production ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; ACQUISITION; MODERATE; YOUTH AB Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of an instructional procedure called aided language modeling (ALM) on symbol comprehension and expression in 2 preschool children with autism who used few words functionally. ALM consists of engaging the child in interactive play activities and providing models of use of augmentative and alternative communication symbols during play. Method: A multiple-baseline design across sets of symbol vocabulary was used with 2 children who had autism. Four vocabulary items were taught in each of 3 legs of the design, for each child. Results: Both participants demonstrated increased symbol comprehension and elicited symbol production. In addition, both participants demonstrated that symbol comprehension and symbol production could be maintained. For both children, performance on symbol production lagged behind rate of responses on symbol comprehension. Conclusions: The current research presents preliminary evidence that a modeling intervention may be effective in increasing symbol comprehension and production, and may be an appropriate intervention strategy for some preschoolers with autism. Future research should continue to investigate this strategy and its effects on functional communication. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cent Susquehanna Intermediate Unit, Lewisburg, PA USA. RP Drager, KDR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 110 Moore Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kdd5@psu.edu CR Alpert C. L., 1985, TEACHING FUNCTIONAL, P123 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bondy A. 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A., 1996, BREAKING SPEECH BARR Romski MA, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P391 Rumbaugh DM, 1977, LANGUAGE LEARNING CH SCHLOSSER R, 1996, 4 INT SOC AUGM ALT C Schlosser RW, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P537, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-537 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Schuler A. L., 1981, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V12, P246 SEVCIK RA, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P902 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 Wood LA, 1998, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V14, P261, DOI 10.1080/07434619812331278436 NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 112 EP 125 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/012) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500003 PM 16782684 ER PT J AU Davidow, JH Bothe, AK Bramlett, RE AF Davidow, JH Bothe, AK Bramlett, RE TI The stuttering treatment research evaluation and assessment tool (STREAT): Evaluating treatment research as part of evidence-based practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering; evidence-based practice; treatment outcomes; critical appraisal ID REGULATED-BREATHING METHOD; PROLONGED-SPEECH TREATMENT; CLINICAL-OUTCOME RESEARCH; METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; INFORMATION MASTER; TREATMENT EFFICACY; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; TIME-OUT; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Purpose: This article presents, and explains the issues behind, the Stuttering Treatment Research Evaluation and Assessment Tool (STREAT), an instrument created to assist clinicians, researchers, students, and other readers in the process of critically appraising reports of stuttering treatment research. Method: The STREAT was developed by combining and reorganizing previously published recommendations about the design and conduct of stuttering treatment research. Conclusions: If evidence-based practice is to be widely adopted as the basis for stuttering assessment and treatment, procedures must be developed and distributed that will allow students, clinicians, and other readers without specialized knowledge of research design to critically appraise treatment research reports. The STREAT is intended to be such an instrument: It represents the consensus of previous methodological recommendations; it is consistent with and complements existing recommendations in evidence-based medicine and in the broader science of treatment outcome evaluation; and it is formatted into a single instrument for ease of use. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bothe, AK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, 565 Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM abothe@uga.edu CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2005, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI ANDREWS G, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P138 APEL K, 2003, ASHA LEADER 0909, P6 BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Bloodstein O, 1995, HDB STUTTERING, V5th Bloodstein O., 1981, HDB STUTTERING BOBERG E, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1050 Bothe A. K., 2004, EVIDENCE BASED TREAT BOTHE AK, 2005, UNPUB STUTTERING TRE Bothe AK, 2003, J FLUENCY DISORD, V28, P247, DOI 10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00042-1 Chambless DL, 1998, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V66, P7, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.66.1.7 Cochrane A. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 126 EP 141 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/013) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500004 PM 16782685 ER PT J AU Miller, CA AF Miller, Carol A. TI Developmental relationships between language and theory of mind SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cognition; normal language development; language disorders; autism spectrum disorders ID FALSE BELIEF TASK; JOINT ATTENTION; SOCIAL COGNITION; MENTAL STATE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CHILDRENS KNOWLEDGE; SPEAKING CHILDREN; PEOPLES FEELINGS; AUTISM; PERFORMANCE AB Purpose: This tutorial is intended to inform readers about the development of theory of mind (understanding of mental states) and to discuss relationships between theory of mind and language development. Method: A narrative review of selected literature on language and theory of mind is presented. Theory of mind is defined, and commonly used measures of theory of mind are described. Developmental relationships between language and theory of mind in typical and atypical populations are discussed. Literature-based suggestions for clinical assessment and intervention are provided, using a hypothetical case study. Conclusions: The article serves as an introduction to current research about language and theory of mind, and emphasizes their interdependence in development. Implications of the relationships between theory of mind and language development for language assessment and intervention are discussed, and an argument is made that taking theory of mind into account will help clinicians enhance children's communication and language development. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 142 EP 154 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/014) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500005 PM 16782686 ER PT J AU Drager, KDR Clark-Serpentine, EA Johnson, KE Roeser, JL AF Drager, KDR Clark-Serpentine, EA Johnson, KE Roeser, JL TI Accuracy of repetition of digitized and synthesized speech for young children in background noise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative and alternative; communication; digitized speech; synthesized speech; intelligibility; children ID SYNTHETIC SPEECH; INTELLIGIBILITY; PERCEPTION; RULE; COMPREHENSION; SENTENCES; ENGLISH; MEMORY AB Purpose: The present study investigated the intelligibility of digitized and synthesized speech output in background noise for children 3-5 years old. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there was a difference in the intelligibility (ability to repeat) of 3 types of speech output (digitized, DECTalk synthesized, and MacinTalk synthesized) in single words and sentences, presented within and out of context. Method: The dependent variable was speech intelligibility (number of individual words repeated correctly). The study used a mixed-model design. Ninety typically developing children (3-5 years old) were assigned to each of 3 speech type conditions. Participants were asked to repeat 20 words and 10 short sentences. Half of the stimuli were preceded by contextual information (topic cue), and half were presented without any context. Results: Young children have difficulty accurately repeating some digitized and synthesized messages in background noise. Overall, the older children (4- and 5-year-olds) performed better than the 3-year-old children. Increasing information through context or longer messages (i.e., sentences) did facilitate intelligibility overall, although there was a statistically significant Message Length x Context x Speech Type interaction. Conclusions: For 3-5-year-olds, the intelligibility of single words is very low (55%-77%). The intelligibility of sentences is higher, but the sole use of sentences for communication is problematic. Contextual information facilitates intelligibility and is a promising approach for ensuring effective communication. Future research is needed to improve the intelligibility of speech output at the single word level in order to maximize the benefits of speech output. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Drager, KDR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 110 Moore Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/015) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500006 PM 16782687 ER PT J AU Rvachew, S AF Rvachew, S TI Longitudinal predictors of implicit phonological awareness skills SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech disorders; speech perception; phonological disorders; articulation; phonological awareness ID SHARED-READING INTERVENTION; SPEECH SOUND DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PHONEMIC AWARENESS; LITERACY SKILLS; METAPHONOLOGICAL INTERVENTION; LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; NONWORD REPETITION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal predictive relationships among variables that may contribute to poor phonological awareness skills in preschool-age children with speech-sound disorders. Method: Forty-seven children with speech-sound disorders were assessed during the spring of their prekindergarten year and again at the end of their kindergarten year. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine relationships among the children's prekindergarten and kindergarten performance on measures of speech perception, vocabulary, articulation, and phonological awareness skills in order to verify a proposed developmental ordering of these variables during this 1-year period. Results: Prekindergarten speech perception skills and receptive vocabulary size each explained unique variance in phonological awareness at the end of kindergarten. Prekindergarten articulation abilities did not predict unique variance in phonological awareness a year later. Prekindergarten speech perception skills also explained unique variance in articulation skills at the end of kindergarten. Conclusions: Maximizing children's vocabulary and speech perception skills before they begin school may be an important strategy for ensuring that children with speech-sound disorders begin school with age-appropriate speech and phonological awareness abilities. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A8, Canada. RP Rvachew, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, 1266 Pine Ave W, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A8, Canada. EM susan.rvachew@mcgill.ca CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2001, ASHA S, V21, P17 Anthony JL, 2002, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V82, P65, DOI 10.1006/jecp.2002.2677 *AVAAZ INN, 1994, SPEECH ASS INT LEARN Beckman ME, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P240, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00139 Bernhardt B, 2005, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V40, P1, DOI 10.1080/136828204100016S6004 BIRD J, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P446 BLISHEN BR, 1987, CAN REV SOC ANTHROP, V24, P465 BROEN PA, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V26, P601 Brown C., 1997, FOCUS PHONOLOGICAL A, P67 Callan DE, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P721 Carroll JM, 2003, DEV PSYCHOL, V39, P913, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.39.5.913 Castiglioni-Spalten ML, 2003, SCI STUD READ, V7, P25, DOI 10.1207/S1532799XSSR0701_03 CHANEY C, 1992, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V13, P485, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400005774 Cooper DH, 2002, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V23, P399, DOI 10.1017/S0142716402003053 Dickinson DK, 2003, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V95, P465, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.95.3.465 Dunn LM, 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Edwards J, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P231, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/018) Edwards J, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P169 Ehri LC, 2001, READ RES QUART, V36, P250, DOI 10.1598/RRQ.36.3.2 Fowler A, 1991, SR105106 HASK LAB, P53 Foy JG, 2001, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V22, P301, DOI 10.1017/S0142716401003022 Garlock VM, 2001, J MEM LANG, V45, P468, DOI 10.1006/jmla.2000.2784 Gillon GT, 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P126 Gillon GT, 2005, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V36, P308, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2005/031) Girolametto L, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P299, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/076) Girolametto L, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1274 Goldman R, 2000, GOLDMAN FRISTOE TEST GRAWBURG M, 2006, UNPUB PHONOLOGICAL A Harm MW, 2003, SCI STUD READ, V7, P155, DOI 10.1207/S1532799XSSR0702_3 Hesketh A, 2000, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V35, P337 Jamieson Donald G., 1992, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V16, P201 Joanisse MF, 2000, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V77, P30, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1999.2553 Larrivee LS, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P118 Lonigan CJ, 1998, EARLY CHILD RES Q, V13, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2006(99)80038-6 Lonigan CJ, 2000, DEV PSYCHOL, V36, P596, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.36.5.596 Major EM, 1998, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V33, P413 Manis FR, 1997, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V66, P211, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1997.2383 MCBRIDECHANG C, 1995, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V87, P179, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.87.2.179 Metsala JL, 1998, WORD RECOGNITION IN BEGINNING LITERACY, P89 Metsala JL, 1999, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V91, P3, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.91.1.3 Munson B, 2005, TOP LANG DISORD, V25, P190 Munson B, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P61, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/006) Nathan L, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P377, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/031) Nittrouer S, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1059 Nittrouer S, 2005, J COMMUN DISORD, V38, P29, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.03.006 Olofsson A, 1999, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V32, P464, DOI 10.1177/002221949903200512 Raitano NA, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P821, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00275.x Rvachew S, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P463, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/092) Rvachew S, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P250, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/026) RVACHEW S, 2006, UNPUB CHARACTERISTIC Rvachew S, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P74, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/006) RVACHEW S, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P193 RVACHEW S, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P347 Senechal M, 2002, CHILD DEV, V73, P445, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00417 Silven M, 2002, COGNITIVE DEV, V17, P1133, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2014(02)00093-X Snowling M, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P587, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099005752 Stanovich K. E., 2000, PROGR UNDERSTANDING Storch SA, 2002, DEV PSYCHOL, V38, P934, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.38.6.934 Studdert-Kennedy M., 1987, LANGUAGE PERCEPTION, P67 STUDDERTKENNEDY M, 2002, MIRROR NEURONS EVOLU, V42, P207 VIHMAN MM, 2003, 15 INT C PHON SCI BA Walley A. C., 2003, READING WRITING INTE, V16, P5, DOI DOI 10.1023/A:1021789804977 Webster PE, 1997, J LEARN DISABIL, V30, P365 WEBSTER PE, 1992, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V23, P176 Werker J., 2005, LANGUAGE LEARNING DE, V1, P197, DOI DOI 10.1080/15475441.2005.9684216 Wise BW, 1999, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V72, P271, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1999.2490 Zevenbergen AA, 2003, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0193-3973(03)00021-2 NR 67 TC 25 Z9 27 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/016) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500007 PM 16782688 ER PT J AU Justice, LM Bowles, RP Kaderavek, JN Ukrainetz, TA Eisenberg, SL Gillam, RB AF Justice, LM Bowles, RP Kaderavek, JN Ukrainetz, TA Eisenberg, SL Gillam, RB TI The index of narrative microstructure: A clinical tool for analyzing school-age children's narrative performances SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narrative development; narrative assessment; language assessment; school-age language ID LITERATE LANGUAGE FEATURES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ENGLISH; ORAL NARRATIVES; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; FICTIONAL NARRATIVES; ACHIEVING CHILDREN; LEXICAL DIVERSITY; SPOKEN NARRATIVES; FACTOR SCORES; DISCOURSE AB Purpose: This research was conducted to develop a clinical tool-the Index of Narrative Microstructure (INMIS)-that would parsimoniously account for important microstructural aspects of narrative production for school-age children. The study provides field test age- and grade-based INMIS values to aid clinicians in making normative judgments about microstructural aspects of pupils' narrative performance. Method: Narrative samples using a single-picture elicitation context were collected from 250 children age 5-12 years and then transcribed and segmented into T-units. A T-unit consists of a single main clause and any dependent constituents. The narrative transcripts were then coded and analyzed to document a comprehensive set of microstructural indices. Results: Factor analysis indicated that narrative microstructure consisted of 2 moderately related factors. The Productivity factor primarily comprised measures of word output, lexical diversity, and T-unit output. The Complexity factor comprised measures of syntactic organization, with mean length of T-units in words and proportion of complex T-units loading most strongly. Principal components analysis was used to provide a linear combination of 8 variables to approximate the 2 factors. Formulas for calculating a student's performance on the 2 factors using 8 narrative measures are provided. Conclusions: This study provided a method for professionals to calculate INMIS scores for narrative Productivity and Complexity for comparison against field test data for age (5- to 12-year-old) or grade (kindergarten to Grade 6) groupings. INMIS scores complement other tools in evaluating a child's narrative performance specifically and language abilities more generally. C1 Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Presch Language & Literacy Lab, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Justice, LM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Presch Language & Literacy Lab, Box 400873, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM ljustice@virginia.edu RI Koshnick, Damian/A-8588-2012 CR ATKINS CP, 1982, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V13, P33 BALTAXE CAM, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01046399 BLOOM L, 1980, J CHILD LANG, V7, P235 BOCK JK, 1982, PSYCHOL REV, V89, P1, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.89.1.1 Boudreau DM, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P249 Brown R., 1973, 1 LANGUAGE EARLY STA Chapman R., 2000, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Chapman RS, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P861 Clancy Patricia, 1976, PAPERS REPORTS CHILD, V12, P71 COPMANN KSP, 1994, J PSYCHOLINGUISTIC R, V23, P196 Craig HK, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P366 CRYSTAL D, 1987, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V1, P7 Curenton SM, 2004, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V35, P240, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2004/023) Dickinson D., 1993, DEV LANGUAGE, P369 Eisenberg S, 1997, J PSYCHOLINGUIST RES, V26, P519, DOI 10.1023/A:1025075714023 EVANS JL, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P343 Ezell H., 2002, SYNTAX HDB EVERYTHIN FEAGANS L, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1727, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00415.x Gillam R. 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K., 2000, LEARNING DISABILITIE, V15, P55, DOI [DOI 10.1207/SLDRP1501_6, 10.1207/sldrp1501_6] Ukrainetz TA, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P1363, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/095) *US DOE, 2006, 2003 READ ASS *US DOE, 2003, 2006017 US DOE vanderLely HKJ, 1997, J CHILD LANG, V24, P221, DOI 10.1017/S0305000996002966 *VIRG DEP ED, 2003, ENGL STAND LEARN CUR Washington JA, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1115 WATKINS RV, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P1349 WREN CT, 1985, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V16, P83 NR 75 TC 39 Z9 42 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/017) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500008 PM 16782689 ER PT J AU McLeod, S Searl, J AF McLeod, S Searl, J TI Adaptation to an electropalatograph palate: Acoustic, impressionistic, and perceptual data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE speech disorders; articulation; instrumental assessment; dentistry; palate ID ENGLISH CONSONANTS; ARTIFICIAL PALATE; SPEECH ADAPTATION; CLEFT-PALATE; TONGUE; CONTACT; DISORDERS; ADOLESCENTS; EPG; COMPENSATION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate adaptation to the electropalatograph (EPG) from the perspective of consonant acoustics, listener perceptions, and speaker ratings. Method: Seven adults with typical speech wore an EPG and pseudo-EPG palate over 2 days and produced syllables, read a passage, counted, and rated their adaptation to the palate. Consonant acoustics, listener ratings, and speaker ratings were analyzed. Results: The spectral mean for the burst (/t/) and frication (/s/) was reduced for the first 60-120 min of wearing the pseudo-EPG palate. Temporal features (stop gap, frication, and syllable duration) were unaffected by wearing the pseudo-EPG palate. The EPG palate had a similar effect on consonant acoustics as the pseudo-EPG palate. Expert listener ratings indicated minimal to no change in speech naturalness or distortion from the pseudo-EPG or EPG palate. The sounds /t integral, d(3), integral, s, z, 3/ were most likely to be affected. Speaker self-ratings related to oral comfort, speech, tongue movement, appearance, and oral sensation were negatively affected by the presence of the palatal devices. Conclusions: Speakers detected a substantial difference when wearing a palatal device, but the effects on speech were minimal based on listener ratings. Spectral features of consonants were initially affected, although adaptation occurred. Wearing an EPG or pseudo-EPG palate for approximately 2 hr results in relatively normal-sounding speech with acoustic features similar to a no-palate condition. C1 Charles Sturt Univ, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP McLeod, S (reprint author), Charles Sturt Univ, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. 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J., 1997, INSTRUMENTAL CLIN PH, P149, DOI 10.1002/9780470699119.ch6 HARDCASTLE WJ, 1991, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V26, P41 Hartelius L, 2000, FOLIA PHONIATR LOGO, V52, P228, DOI 10.1159/000021538 HICKEY J, 1992, CLIN SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P80 Howard S, 2004, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V18, P313, DOI 10.1080/02699200410001701314 HOWARD SJ, 1998, CLIN PHONETICS LINGU, P157 KLATT D, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V17, P51 MARTIN RR, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V49, P53 McAuliffe MJ, 2006, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V20, P1, DOI 10.1080/02699200400001044 McAuliffe MJ, 2005, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V13, P149 McAuliffe MJ, 2003, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V17, P43, DOI 10.1080/0269920021000066846 MCFARLAND DH, 1995, J ACOUST SOC AM, V97, P1865, DOI 10.1121/1.412060 McFarland DH, 1996, J ACOUST SOC AM, V100, P1093, DOI 10.1121/1.416286 McLeod S, 2006, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V20, P99, DOI 10.1080/0269920040026496 McLeod S, 2006, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V20, P51, DOI 10.1080/02699200400021331 MOORHOUSE B, 2000, THESIS TROBE U MELBO O'Brian S, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P503, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/041) Pantelemidou V, 2003, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V17, P383, DOI 10.1080/0269920031000079958 Roberts A., 2005, P 2005 SPEECH PATH A, P104 RUSSELL A, 2000, OPEN WIDE SEARL J, IN PRESS LOGOPEDICS Searl JP, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P1444, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/112) Siegel S., 1988, NONPARAMETRIC STAT B Stokes S. F., 1998, ASIA PACIFIC J LANGU, V3, P69 Stone M, 1996, J ACOUST SOC AM, V99, P3728, DOI 10.1121/1.414969 SUZUKI N, 1981, INT J ORAL MAXILLOF, V10, P299 *SYNTR SOFTW, 2002, COOL ED PRO VERS 2 0 Tabain M, 2001, LANG SPEECH, V44, P57 Tjaden K, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P1358 WOOD S, 1997, THESIS QUEEN MARGARE Yiu EML, 2004, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V18, P211, DOI 10.1080/0269920042000193599 YUEN I, 2005, 4 INT EPG S ED SCOTL NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/018) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 047GT UT WOS:000237868500009 PM 16782690 ER PT J AU Frontera, WR Fuhrer, MJ Jette, AM Chan, L Cooper, RA Duncan, PW Kemp, JD Ottenbacher, KJ Peckham, PH Roth, EJ Tate, DG AF Frontera, WR Fuhrer, MJ Jette, AM Chan, L Cooper, RA Duncan, PW Kemp, JD Ottenbacher, KJ Peckham, PH Roth, EJ Tate, DG TI Rehabilitation medicine summit: Building research capacity (executive summary) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The general objective of the "Rehabilitation Medicine Summit: Building Research Capacity" was to advance and promote research in medical rehabilitation by making recommendations to expand research capacity. The 5 elements of research capacity that guided the discussions were (a) researchers; (b) research culture, environment, and infrastructure; (c) funding; (d) partnerships; and (e) metrics. The 100 participants included representatives of professional organizations, consumer groups, academic departments, researchers, governmental funding agencies, and the private sector. The small group discussions and plenary sessions generated an array of problems, possible solutions, and recommended actions. A postsummit, multiorganizational initiative is called for to pursue the agendas outlined in this report. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Powers Pyles Sutter & Verville PC, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Inst Rehabil, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Frontera, WR (reprint author), Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, 125 Nashua St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM wfrontera@partners.org CR BRANDT E, 1977, ENABLING AM ASSESSIN TROSTLE J, 1992, SOC SCI MED, V35, P1321, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90035-O World Health Organisation, 2001, INT CLASS FUNCT DIS NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/002) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 027PZ UT WOS:000236428800002 PM 16533088 ER PT J AU Hixon, TJ Hoit, JD AF Hixon, TJ Hoit, JD TI A clinical method for the detection and quantification of quick respiratory hyperkinesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tics; chorea; myoclonus; tremor; neuromotor speech and/or voice disorders ID FREQUENCY; SPEECH; CHEST; LUNG AB Purpose: Quick respiratory hyperkinesia can be difficult to detect with the naked eye. A clinical method is described for the detection and quantification of quick respiratory hyperkinesia. Method: Flow at the airway opening is sensed during spontaneous apnea (rest), voluntary breath holding (postural fixation), and voluntary volume displacement (intentional movement). The method is designed to reveal quick respiratory hyperkinesia independent of the function of the larynx and/or upper airway. Theory underlying the method is discussed, and a protocol is offered for clinical use. Conclusions: This method may be useful to neurologists, pulmonologists, and speech-language pathologists. Because it depends on nonspeech observations, its application to speech and/or voice production must be inferred. C1 Univ Arizona, Inst Neurogen Commun Disorders, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hixon, TJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Inst Neurogen Commun Disorders, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, POB 210071, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM hixon@u.arizona.edu CR DUBOIS AB, 1956, J APPL PHYSIOL, V8, P587 GRIMBY G, 1968, J CLIN INVEST, V47, P1455, DOI 10.1172/JCI105837 Hixon T. J., 1972, AM SPEECH HEARING AS, V7, P68 HIXON TJ, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V16, P78 HIXON TJ, 1971, J ACOUST SOC AM, V49, P105, DOI 10.1121/1.1975555 Hixon TJ, 2005, EVALUATION MANAGEMEN HOIT JD, 1995, J VOICE, V9, P341, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80196-1 PESLIN R, 1971, Bulletin de Physio-Pathologie Respiratoire, V7, P173 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/003) PG 5 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 027PZ UT WOS:000236428800003 PM 16533089 ER PT J AU Sawyer, J Yairi, E AF Sawyer, J Yairi, E TI The effect of sample size on the assessment of stuttering severity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering measurement; speech sample size; stuttering distribution ID YOUNG STUTTERERS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SPEECH; DISFLUENCIES; COMPLEXITY; LENGTH; BEHAVIORS; VARIABILITY; 4-YEAR-OLD AB The relationships between the length of the speech sample and the resulting disfluency data in 20 stuttering children who exhibited a wide range of disfluency levels were investigated. Specifically, the study examined whether the relative number of stuttering-like disfluencies (SLID) per 100 syllables, as well as the length of disfluencies (number of iterations per disfluent event), varied systematically across 4 consecutive, 300-syllable sections in the same speech sample. The difference in the number of SLID per 100 syllables between the early and later sections of the speech sample was statistically significant. In addition, the length of the speech sample had a critical influence on the identification of stuttering in children exhibiting relatively low levels of disfluency. Also, when a 20% difference in the number of SLID per 100 syllables was taken as a criterion, 50% of the children exhibited upward shifts in continuous speech samples that were longer than 300 syllables (i.e., 600, 900, and 1,200 syllables). Results indicated that, in general, group means for SLID grew larger as the sample size increased. The length of disfluent events did not significantly differ as the sample size increased; however, there were large differences for some children. Implications for clinicians and investigators are discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sawyer, J (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, 204 Fairchild Hall, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM jsawyer@ilstu.edu CR ADAMS JC, 1977, NEUROSCIENCE, V2, P141, DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(77)90074-4 Ambrose NG, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P895 Conture E., 2001, STUTTERING ITS NATUR Conture E. G., 1990, STUTTERING, V2nd CONTURE EG, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1041 CONTURE EG, 1997, NATURE TREATMENT STU, P239 Cooper E. B., 1985, COOPER PERSONALIZED CORDES AK, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P779 Costello J. M., 1984, NATURE TREATMENT STU, P303 CURLEE R, 1980, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V1, P277, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1095205 CURLEE RF, 1999, STUTTERING RELATED D, P1 GAINES ND, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P37 GORDON P, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P43 GREGORY HH, 1993, STUTTERING RELATED D, P23 GUTIERREZ JL, 1995, NATL STUDENT SPEECH, V22, P29 HUBBARD CP, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P228 Ingham JC, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P753 INGHAM RJ, 1981, J FLUENCY DISORD, V6, P135, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(81)90011-5 Johnson W., 1959, ONSET STUTTERING Johnson W., 1963, DIAGNOSTIC METHODS S Lahey M., 1988, LANGUAGE DISORDERS L LASALLE LR, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P965 LOGAN KJ, 1995, J FLUENCY DISORD, V20, P35, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(94)00008-H Lund N.J., 1993, ASSESSING CHILDRENS MACDONAL.JD, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V16, P691 MARTIN RR, 1972, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V15, P743 MARTIN RR, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V46, P59 MEYERS SC, 1986, J FLUENCY DISORD, V11, P293, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(86)90017-3 Miller J. F., 1996, SALT SYSTEMATIC ANAL Nelson-Gray R. O., 1999, SCI PRACTITIONER RES, P353 ONSLOW M, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V55, P405 ONSLOW M, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P79 Pellowski MW, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P20, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/002) PINDZOLA RH, 1987, STUTTERING INTERVENT RATNER NB, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P278 RILEY G, 1984, STUTTERING PREDICTIO Riley G., 1994, STUTTERING SEVERITY RILEY GD, 1972, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V37, P314 SAWYER J, 2003, AM SPEECH LANG HEAR SCHWARTZ HD, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P62 SCHWARTZ HD, 1990, J FLUENCY DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(90)90034-P SILVERMAN E, 1971, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V33, P101 Van Riper C., 1971, NATURE STUTTERING Van Riper C., 1982, NATURE STUTTERING WEXLER KB, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P229 WILLIAMS DE, 1978, DIAGNOSTIC METHODS S, P409 Wingate M., 1976, STUTTERING THEORY TR YAIRI E, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P154 Yairi E., 1997, NATURE TREATMENT STU, P49 Yairi E, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1097 Yairi E., 2005, EARLY CHILDHOOD STUT Yairi E., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P82 Yairi E, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P402 Yaruss J. S., 1997, CONT ISSUES COMMUNIC, V24, P33 Yaruss JS, 1997, J FLUENCY DISORD, V22, P187, DOI 10.1016/S0094-730X(97)00009-0 Yaruss JS, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P329 YOUNG MA, 1962, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V5, P256 ZEBROWSKI PM, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P483 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 17 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/005) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 027PZ UT WOS:000236428800005 PM 16533091 ER PT J AU Hill, AJ Theodoros, DG Russell, TG Cahill, LM Ward, EC Clark, KM AF Hill, AJ Theodoros, DG Russell, TG Cahill, LM Ward, EC Clark, KM TI An Internet-based telerehabilitation system for the assessment of motor speech disorders: A pilot study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE telepractice; rehabilitation; assessment; speech disorders ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; BRAIN-INJURY; RELIABILITY; TELEHEALTH; AGREEMENT; HYPERNASALITY; TECHNOLOGY; THERAPY; RATINGS AB Purpose: This pilot study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of an Internet-based telerehabilitation application for the assessment of motor speech disorders in adults with acquired neurological impairment. Method: Using a counterbalanced, repeated measures research design, 2 speech-language pathologists assessed 19 speakers with dysarthria on a battery of perceptual assessments. The assessments included a 19-item version of the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA; P. Enderby, 1983), the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (K. M. Yorkston & D. R. Beukelman, 1981), perceptual analysis of a speech sample, and an overall rating of severity of the dysarthria. One assessment was conducted in the traditional face-to-face manner, whereas the other assessment was conducted using an online, custom-built telerehabilitation application. This application enabled real-time videoconferencing at 128 kb/s and the transfer of store-and-forward audio and video data between the speaker and speech-language pathologist sites. The assessment methods were compared using the J.M.Bland and D.G.Altman (1986, 1999) limits-of-agreement method and percentage level of agreement between the 2 methods. Results: Measurements of severity of dysarthria, percentage intelligibility in sentences, and most perceptual ratings made in the telerehabilitation environment were found to fall within the clinically acceptable criteria. However, several ratings on the FDA were not comparable between the environments, and explanations for these results were explored. Conclusions: The online assessment of motor speech disorders using an Internet-based telerehabilitation system is feasible. This study suggests that with additional refinement of the technology and assessment protocols, reliable assessment of motor speech disorders over the Internet is possible. Future research methods are outlined. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Speech Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Princess Alexandra Hosp, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. RP Hill, AJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Speech Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM a.hill@shrs.uq.edu.au RI Theodoros, Deborah/F-1362-2010; Russell, Trevor/F-6888-2010; Ward, Elizabeth/F-9652-2010; Hill, Anne/F-4106-2010; Cahill, Louise/C-7919-2012 OI Ward, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2680-8978; CR Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2004, MEAS KNOWL BAS EC SO Bland JM, 1999, STAT METHODS MED RES, V8, P135, DOI 10.1191/096228099673819272 Brennan DM, 2004, TELEMED J E-HEALTH, V10, P147, DOI 10.1089/1530562041641237 CHENERY HJ, 1998, DYSARTHRIA PHYSL APP, P36 Darley F.L, 1975, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Duffy JR, 1997, MAYO CLIN PROC, V72, P1116 Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Enderby P. M., 1983, FRENCHAY DYSARTHRIA Farrell A, 2005, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V48, P5, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/002) Fitzgerald FJ, 1987, AUSTR J HUMAN COMMUN, V15, P15 HAYES JM, 2003, MICROSOFT NETMEETING Hill A, 2002, J TELEMED TELECARE, V8, P187, DOI 10.1258/135763302320272158 KARNELL MP, 1995, CLEFT PALATE-CRAN J, V32, P145, DOI 10.1597/1545-1569(1995)032<0145:NDOHAT>2.3.CO;2 KEARNS KP, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P131 KREIMAN J, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P21 LLOYD R, 2004, AUSTR ONLINE AUSTR A Loh PK, 2004, INTERN MED J, V34, P239, DOI 10.1111/j.1444-0903.2004.00531.x Ludlow C. L., 1983, DYSARTHRIAS PHYSL AC, P163 BLAND JM, 1986, LANCET, V1, P307 Mashima PA, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P432, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/089) McHenry MA, 1999, BRAIN INJURY, V13, P281, DOI 10.1080/026990599121656 Ricker JH, 2002, J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB, V17, P242, DOI 10.1097/00001199-200206000-00005 Rosen MJ, 2004, TELEMED J E-HEALTH, V10, P115, DOI 10.1089/tmj.2004.10.115 Russell TG, 2003, MANUAL THER, V8, P242, DOI 10.1016/S1356-689X(03)00016-X Russell TG, 2002, J TELEMED TELECARE, V8, P50, DOI 10.1258/13576330260440853 SHEARD C, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P285 THEODOROS D, 1993, BRAIN INJURY, V7, P59, DOI 10.3109/02699059309008157 THEODOROS DG, 1995, BRAIN INJURY, V9, P671, DOI 10.3109/02699059509008225 Torsney K, 2003, NEUROREHABILITATION, V18, P183 Werts R, 1987, CLIN APHASIOLOGY, V17, P117 WERTZ RT, 1992, APHASIOLOGY, V6, P195, DOI 10.1080/02687039208248591 Yorkston K. M., 1981, ASSESSMENT INTELLIGI Yorkston K. M., 1988, CLIN MANAGEMENT DYSA NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/006) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 027PZ UT WOS:000236428800006 PM 16533092 ER PT J AU Meadan, H Halle, JW Watkins, RV Chadsey, JG AF Meadan, H Halle, JW Watkins, RV Chadsey, JG TI Examining communication repairs of 2 young children with autism spectrum disorder: The influence of the environment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonverbal language; autism; communication repair ID PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; CONVERSATIONAL REPAIR; CONTINGENT QUERIES; RESPONSES; REQUESTS; DISABILITIES; LANGUAGE; ADULTS; CLARIFICATION; STRATEGIES AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the repair strategies of 2 young children with autism spectrum disorder from an environmental rather than a developmental perspective. Method: A scripted protocol that included opportunities for requests and repair was followed. The environmental variables investigated were activity type (e.g., puzzle, shapes, book) and breakdown type (i.e., request for clarification, wrong response, and ignore). The sessions were videotaped, and each child's behavior was coded. Results: The results revealed that (a) both participants repaired the majority (70%) of their unsuccessful initial requests and (b) the repair strategies varied across children, activities, and breakdowns. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the 2 young children with autism and limited expressive language discriminated among environmental variables (i.e., type of activity and type of breakdown). The participants modified their repair topographies to correspond to changes in the environment. The findings from this study off er ways to enhance assessment and intervention of early communication. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Special Educ, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Meadan, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Special Educ, 288 Educ Bldg,1310 S 6th St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM meadanka@uiuc.edu CR ABBEDUTO L, 2002, PROMOTING SOCIAL COM, P27 Alexander Dianne, 1997, Seminars in Speech and Language, V18, P197, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064073 ALEXANDER D, 1994, THESIS FLORIDA STATE ANSELMI D, 1986, J CHILD LANG, V13, P135 Brady N. C., 2002, EXEMPLARY PRACTICES, P323 BRADY NC, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P1334 BRINTON B, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V29, P75 BRINTON B, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1087 BRINTON B, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P370 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 CIRRIN FM, 1985, MENT RETARD, V23, P52 DRASGOW E, 2005, 2005 ANN CONV ASS BE Drasgow E, 2001, RES DEV DISABIL, V22, P125, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00062-2 GALLAGHER TM, 1977, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V20, P303 GOLINKOFF RM, 1986, J CHILD LANG, V13, P455 Halle J, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P43, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/006) HALLE J, 1999, INT C ASS PERS SEV H HALLE J, 2005, 2005 ANN CONV ASS BE Keen D, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.07.002 Keen D., 2003, INT J DISABIL DEV ED, V50, P53, DOI 10.1080/1034912032000053331 MCLEAN JE, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P294 Newborg J., 1984, BATTELLE DEV INVENTO PAUL R, 1984, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V5, P349, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400005221 Reichle J, 1999, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V30, P324 SCHEGLOFF EA, 1977, LANGUAGE, V53, P361, DOI 10.2307/413107 SCUDDER RR, 1992, MENT RETARD, V30, P277 Sigafoos J., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P152, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600303 TOMASELLO M, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P359 TOMASELLO M, 1990, J CHILD LANG, V17, P115 Wetherby A., 1993, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Wetherby A. M., 1998, TRANSITIONS PRELINGU, P135 WILCOX JM, 1980, CHILD DEV, V51, P1120 Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/007) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 027PZ UT WOS:000236428800007 PM 16533093 ER PT J AU Farinella, KA Hixon, TJ Hoit, JD Story, BH Jones, PA AF Farinella, KA Hixon, TJ Hoit, JD Story, BH Jones, PA TI Listener perception of respiratory-induced voice tremor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forced oscillation; simulated respiratory hyperkinesia ID VOCAL TREMOR AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relation of respiratory oscillation to the perception of voice tremor. Method: Forced oscillation of the respiratory system was used to simulate variations in alveolar pressure such as are characteristic of voice tremor of respiratory origin. Five healthy men served as speakers, and 6 clinically experienced women served as listeners. Speakers produced utterances while forced sinusoidal pressure changes were applied to the surface of the respiratory system. Utterances included vowels and sentences produced using usual loudness, pitch, quality, and rate, and vowels produced using different loudness, pitch, and quality. Perceptual tasks included detection threshold for voice tremor and pair comparison judgments in which listeners identified the sample with the greater magnitude of voice tremor. Results: The mean detection threshold for voice tremor was 1.37 cmH(2)O (SD = 0.47) for vowel utterances and 2.16 cmH(2)O (SD = 1.52) for sentence utterances. Tremor magnitude was judged to be different for vowel and sentence utterances, but not for different vowels. Results revealed differential effects for loudness, pitch, and quality. Conclusions: These findings offer implications for the evaluation and management of voice tremor of respiratory causation. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Farinella, KA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, POB 210071, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kaf@u.arizona.edu CR ARONSON AE, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P52 Aronson AE, 1990, CLIN VOICE DISORDERS ARONSON AE, 1992, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V101, P511 BROWN JR, 1963, NEUROLOGY, V13, P520 Dromey C, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P879, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/071) Duffy J.R, 2005, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE Fairbanks G., 1940, VOICE ARTICULATION D Finnegan EM, 2003, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V129, P313 Gamboa J, 1998, J VOICE, V12, P444, DOI 10.1016/S0892-1997(98)80053-2 Hachinski V C, 1975, Can J Neurol Sci, V2, P195 HIXON T, 2006, J SPEECH LANGAUGE PA, V15, P15 HIXON T, 1970, UNPUB STUDY INFLUENC Hixon T. 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PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/008) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 027PZ UT WOS:000236428800008 PM 16533094 ER PT J AU van Kleeck, A Vander Woude, J Hammett, L AF van Kleeck, A Vander Woude, J Hammett, L TI Fostering literal and inferential language skills in head start preschoolers with language impairment using scripted book-sharing discussions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE storybook sharing; intervention; inferencing; language disorders in children; preschoolers ID PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS INTERVENTION; READING-COMPREHENSION; CHILDREN; DIFFICULTIES; INSTRUCTION; CLASSROOM; BENEFITS; EFFICACY; THINKING; PARENTS AB Purpose: Preschoolers with language impairment have difficulties with both literal and inferential language, both of which are critical to later reading comprehension. Because these children are known to be at risk for later reading comprehension difficulties, it is important to design and test interventions that foster both literal and inferential language skills. Using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design, we investigated whether an 8-week, one-on-one book-sharing intervention would improve both the literal and inferential language skills of Head Start preschoolers with language impairments. Method: Thirty children were randomly assigned to either a control group that received no intervention or to a treatment group that received twice-weekly 15-min sessions in which adults read books and asked both literal and inferential questions about the books using scripts that were embedded throughout the text. Treatment and control groups were compared using pre- and posttest scores on 2 measures of literal and 1 measure of inferential language skill. Results: Significant group differences, and medium to large effect sizes, were found between pre- and posttest scores for all 3 measures. Conclusions: These findings suggest that book sharing with embedded questions that target both literal and inferential language skills can result in gains on both types of language in this population. Future studies with larger number of children are needed to corroborate these findings. C1 Univ Texas, Callier Ctr Commun Disorders, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Calvin Coll, Grand Rapids, MI 49506 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP van Kleeck, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Callier Ctr Commun Disorders, 1966 Inwood Rd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. EM annevk@utdallas.edu CR ANDERSON RC, 1975, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V7, P167, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(75)90008-0 ARMSTRONG M, 2000, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L ARNOLD DH, 1994, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V86, P235, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.86.2.235 Asch F., 1987, MOONCAKE ASCH F, 1990, SKYFIRE BAUGH F, 2001, J RES ED, V11, P120 Bishop D., 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P1027 Blank M., 1978, LANGUAGE LEARNING PR BLANK M, 2003, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE A BLANK M, 1978, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE A Bradshaw ML, 1998, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V29, P85 BRANSFOR.JD, 1971, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V2, P331, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(71)90019-3 Brown R, 1996, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V88, P18, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.88.1.18 Burgemeister B., 1972, COLUMBIA MENTAL MATU Caccamise D, 2005, TOP LANG DISORD, V25, P5 Cain K, 2003, J CHILD LANG, V30, P681, DOI 10.1017/S0305000903005713 Catts H. W., 1999, LANGUAGE READING DIS Catts HW, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P1142, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/093) CATTS HW, 2000, LOPOPEDICS PHONIATRI, V25, P38 Cohen J., 1977, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA Crain-Thoreson C, 1999, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V19, P28, DOI 10.1177/027112149901900103 Dale PS, 1996, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V16, P213 DICKINSON DK, 1992, EARLY CHILDHOOD RES, V0007 Dunn L. M., 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA, V3rd Evans MA, 1997, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V18, P243, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400010468 Ewers C. 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E., 1984, DEV ORAL WRITTEN LAN, P71 Storch SA, 2002, DEV PSYCHOL, V38, P934, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.38.6.934 TRABASSO T, 1985, J MEM LANG, V24, P612, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(85)90049-X Underwood T., 2004, ADOLESCENT LITERACY, P35 Van Dijk T. A., 1983, STRATEGIES DISCOURSE VANDERWOUDE J, 2000, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L VANDERWOUDE J, 1998, THESIS WAYNE STATE U van Kleeck A, 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P175, DOI 10.1044/1058/0360(2002/017) VANKLEECK A, 1998, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L van Kleeck A, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P65 VANKLEECK A, 2003, READING BOOKS CHILDR, P58 van Kleeck A, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P1261 Werner E. O. H., 1983, SPELT 2 STRUCTURED P Westby C, 2004, FOLIA PHONIATR LOGO, V56, P254, DOI 10.1159/000078345 WHITEHURST GJ, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P552, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.552 NR 73 TC 56 Z9 59 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/009) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 027PZ UT WOS:000236428800009 PM 16533095 ER PT J AU Einarsdottir, J Ingham, RJ AF Einarsdottir, J Ingham, RJ TI Have disfluency-type measures contributed to the understanding and treatment of developmental stuttering? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering; disfluency types; measurement; validity ID BEHAVIORAL-DATA LANGUAGE; SPEECH DISFLUENCIES; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; YOUNG-CHILDREN; REAL-TIME; AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION; STANDARD DEFINITION; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; 2-STAGE PROCEDURE; FLUENCY AB Purpose: This article critically reviews evidence to determine whether the use of disfluency typologies, such as syllable repetitions or prolongations, has assisted the understanding or treatment of developmental stuttering. Consideration is given to whether there is a need for a fundamental shift in the basis for constructing measures of stuttering behavior. Method: The history of using specific types of disfluencies to assess stuttering, including more recent developments such as counts of stuttering-like disfluencies, is reviewed. The focus is on studies that have investigated the validity and reliability of these perceptually based assessment methods. Conclusion: The evidence from use of disfluency-type measures shows that the behavioral difference between stuttering and normally fluent speakers is solely related to the amount of observable stuttering; the differences are only partially realized within disfluency-type measures. Indeed, because disfluency-type measures show poor reliability and conflate stuttered and nonstuttered speech, they have only limited heuristic value for research and provide no obvious benefits for clinicians. At best, they should be regarded as imprecise descriptors of observable stuttering and not a fundamental measure of stuttering. A recommended solution to the problematic history of verbal-based definitions of stuttering behavior is continued development and investigation of exemplar-based definition and measurement. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Ingham, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. 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S., 1997, CONT ISSUES COMMUNIC, V24, P33 Yaruss JS, 1998, J FLUENCY DISORD, V23, P137, DOI 10.1016/S0094-730X(98)00003-5 Yaruss JS, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P25 Yaruss JS, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P62 Zackheim CT, 2003, J FLUENCY DISORD, V28, P115, DOI 10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00007-X ZEBROWSKI PM, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P483 ZEBROWSKI PM, 2002, MANUAL STUTTERING IN NR 92 TC 16 Z9 16 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 260 EP 273 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/026) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 998JA UT WOS:000234313400002 PM 16396610 ER PT J AU Leahy, MM AF Leahy, MM TI Changing perspectives for practice in stuttering: Echoes from a Celtic past, when wordlessness was entitled to time SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stuttering; sociological approaches; Ireland ID INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION; CHILDREN; THERAPY; CONSEQUENCES; STEREOTYPE; DISABILITY; DISORDERS; FLUENCY; RELAPSE; SPEECH AB Changing perspectives for practice in stuttering therapy are informed by the changes in knowledge, social values, and belief systems of a society. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; World Health Organization, 2001) has a sociological emphasis with a focus on the ability and functioning of the person, and it is currently fostering changes in perspectives for working with those who stutter. These perspectives are reflected in Irish social mores in the 7th and 8th centuries, when social and legal codes enshrined the rights of people with speech disabilities in law and recognized the dignity and integrity of people with such disabilities. The society of the time showed awareness and acceptance of people with disabilities, and it provided the supports to enable their participation in society. To a large extent, these principles contrast with the predominantly impairment-based focus that has been the heritage of the speech-language pathology profession in the 20th century. In order to review changing emphases in stuttering therapy and to consider applications of a sociological approach to stuttering, an outline of historical perspectives of the profession of speech-language pathology is presented. The evolution of the ICF is also outlined, moving from an impairment-based focus to a more sociological perspective. Both perspectives provide a historical context for consideration of approaches to working with stuttering, reflecting the ICF and echoing principles that were practiced in an ancient Celtic society. C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Clin Speech & Language Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Leahy, MM (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Clin Speech & Language Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. 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O., 1980, J NATL STUDENT SPEEC, V10, P88 St Louis K O, 1993, ASHA, V35, P23 STARKWEATHER W, 1990, STUTTERING PREVENTIO STARKWEATHER WC, 1987, FLUENCY STUTTERING Stewart T, 1996, J FLUENCY DISORD, V21, P33, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(95)00043-7 Stewart T, 2004, J FLUENCY DISORD, V29, P95, DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.11.001 Van Riper C., 1971, NATURE STUTTERING Van Riper C., 1982, NATURE STUTTERING Van Riper C., 1973, TREATMENT STUTTERING WEBSTER R, 1975, PRECISION FLUENCY SH White M., 1990, NARRATIVE MEANS THER Wollock J., 1997, NOBLEST ANIMATE MOTI World Health Organization, 1980, INT CLASSIFICATION I World Health Organization, 2001, INT CLASSIFICATION F Wyllie J., 1894, DISORDERS SPEECH Yaruss JS, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P249 Yaruss JS, 2004, J COMMUN DISORD, V37, P35, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00052-2 YARUSS JS, 2004, THEORY RES THERAPY F, P237 ZEVIN SJ, 1974, ENCY TALMUDICA, V2 NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/027) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 998JA UT WOS:000234313400003 PM 16396611 ER PT J AU Seery, CH AF Seery, CH TI Differential diagnosis of stuttering for forensic purposes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluency; stuttering; malingering; forensic assessment ID ADULT ONSET; SPEECH; VERIFICATION; WORDS AB Purpose: This case study demonstrates the application of an assessment protocol for differential diagnosis of psychogenic stuttering, neurogenic stuttering, developmental stuttering, and malingering. Method: A male in his late 30s, accused of armed robbery, was evaluated for stuttering at the request of his defense attorney. The speech assessment included 4 main sections: collection of speech samples, observation in multiple speaking conditions, evaluation of communication attitudes, and consideration of case history and background information. Results: The defendant stuttered severely in all speaking conditions. He demonstrated typical stuttering loci and consistency, but no adaptation. Communication attitudes were typical of people who stutter, but steady, direct eye contact was atypical. His statements about his speech conflicted with reports of outside witnesses. Conclusions: Characteristics were consistent with developmental stuttering and partial malingering. Both psychogenic and neurogenic forms of stuttering were suspected, but mixed results were largely unsupportive. Valuable protocol elements included speech sampling under multiple speaking conditions, careful examination of case history information, and indirect tests of malingering. Further knowledge and research are warranted to improve processes of differential diagnoses among subtypes of developmental, psychogenic, and neurogenic forms of stuttering as well as malingering. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Seery, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, POB 413,Enderis Hall 873, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM cseery@uwm.edu CR ADAMS MR, 1980, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V23, P457 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDREWS G, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V39, P312 ANDREWS G, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P208 Barber V, 1939, J SPEECH DISORD, V4, P371 BATTEN W, 1997, EFFECTS LIPPED LIPPE Bloodstein O, 1995, HDB STUTTERING, V5th Bloodstein O, 1950, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V15, P29 BLOODSTEIN O, 1988, J FLUENCY DISORD, V13, P83, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(88)90029-0 Bloodstein ON, 1944, J SPEECH DISORD, V9, P161 Brown SF, 1937, J SPEECH DISORD, V2, P207 CULATTA R, 1995, STUTTERING THERAPY I Curlee R. F., 1999, STUTTERING RELATED D, P269 Curlee R. F., 1999, STUTTERING RELATED D, P255 FRANK A, 1971, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V14, P519 Guitar B., 1998, STUTTERING INTEGRATE Howell P, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P345 INGHAM RJ, 1979, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V22, P784 Johnson W, 1937, J SPEECH DISORD, V2, P105 JOHNSON W, 1955, STUTTERING CHILDREN Johnson W, 1937, J SPEECH DISORD, V2, P17 MAHR G, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P283 Morrison J., 1995, DSM 4 MADE EASY CLIN MOWRER DE, 1991, J FLUENCY DISORD, V16, P55, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(91)90035-B PERKINS W, 1976, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V19, P509 RESNICK PJ, 1993, ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT, V30, P93 Riley G., 1994, STUTTERING SEVERITY ROTH CR, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P634 SEIDEL A, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V16, P62 Shapiro D, 1999, STUTTERING INTERVENT Sherman D, 1952, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V17, P316 SHIRKEY EA, 1987, J FLUENCY DISORD, V12, P197, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(87)90026-X Silverman F. H., 2004, STUTTERING OTHER FLU Van Riper C., 1971, NATURE STUTTERING WINGATE ME, 1964, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V29, P484 Wingate M., 1988, STRUCTURE STUTTERING Wingate M., 1976, STUTTERING THEORY TR WINGATE ME, 1979, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V22, P604 Yairi E., 2005, EARLY CHILDHOOD STUT NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 284 EP 297 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/028) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 998JA UT WOS:000234313400004 PM 16396612 ER PT J AU Flipsen, P Hammer, JB Yost, KM AF Flipsen, P Hammer, JB Yost, KM TI Measuring severity of involvement in speech delay: Segmental and whole-word measures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE percentage of consonants correct; phonological mean length of utterance; tin standard ID PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY; EXTENSIONS AB Purpose: This study examined whether any of a series of segmental and whole-word measures of articulatory competence captured more of the variance in impressionistic ratings of severity of involvement in speech delay. It also examined whether knowing the age of the child affected severity ratings. Method: Ten very experienced speech-language pathologists rated severity of involvement from conversational speech samples obtained from 17 children with delayed speech. The ratings were then correlated with the candidate measures. The ratings by those who knew the ages of the children were also compared with the ratings by those who did not. Results: The severity ratings showed considerable variability. Ratings from 6 clinicians who largely agreed with each other (a "tin standard" group) were significantly associated with several of the candidate measures. Clinicians appeared to pay attention to number, type, and consistency of errors when rating severity. They also attended to both segmental and whole-word levels. Knowledge of the children's ages did not appear to affect the ratings. Conclusions: The observed variability in the severity ratings raises significant questions about their usefulness. Objective measures such as some of those examined herein offer potential as more valid and reliable severity indexes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Flipsen, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, 425 S Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pflipsen@utk.edu CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2004, EV BAS PRACT COMM DI American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2000, GUID ROL RESP SCH BA AUSTIN D, 1997, LIFESPAN REF DATA 10 Bankson N. W., 1990, BANKSON BERNTHAL TES Bauman-Waengler J., 2004, ARTICULATORY PHONOLO Bernthal J. E., 2004, ARTICULATION PHONOLO Blamey P, 2001, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V15, P363, DOI 10.1080/02699200010017823 Brown Roger, 1973, 1 LANGUAGE DOLLAGHAN C, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1051 DOLLAGHAN CA, 2003, P 2002 CHILDH APR SP, P231 Dollaghan CA, 2004, J COMMUN DISORD, V37, P391, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.002 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Edwards M., 1983, PHONOLOGY APPL COMMU Elbert M., 1986, HDB CLIN PHONOLOGY Fldiss JL, 1986, DESIGN ANAL CLIN EXP Flipsen P, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P100, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/008) Forrest K, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P187 Fudala J. B., 2000, ARIZONA ARTICULATION GANTZ BJ, 1994, AM J OTOL, V15, P1 Garrett K., 1992, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V23, P48 GIERUT J, 1985, THESIS U INDIANA BLO Gruber FA, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P448 Guyatt GH, 2000, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V284, P1290, DOI 10.1001/jama.284.10.1290 Hodson B. W., 1986, ASSESSMENT PHONOLOGI Ingram D, 2002, J CHILD LANG, V29, P713, DOI 10.1017/S0305000902005275 Ingram D, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P271, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/024) Johnson CA, 2004, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V13, P55, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2004/007) Kent R. D., 1996, DISORDERS MOTOR SPEE, P145 KENT RD, 1996, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, P223 KHAN LM, 2001, PPW INTELLIGIBILITY Lindblom B., 1992, PHONOLOGICAL DEV MOD, P131 Marascuilo LA, 1988, STAT METHODS SOCIAL McCabe R. B., 1973, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V4, P13 Pamplona C, 2005, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V69, P351, DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.10.012 Pena-Brooks A., 2000, ASSESSMENT TREATMENT Persson C, 2003, J COMMUN DISORD, V36, P13, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(02)00133-8 Rafaat S., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P39 Schmitt L. S., 1983, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V14, P210 SCHRIBERG LD, 2001, PEPPER PROGRAMS EXAM SCHRIBERG LD, 1982, CLIN PHONETICS SCHRIBERG LD, 1982, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P256 SECORD W, 1981, TEST MINIMAL ARTICUL Sherman D, 1955, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V20, P352 Shriberg L. D., 1986, PEPPER PROGRAMS EXAM Shriberg LD, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P708 SHRIBERG LD, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1100 Shriberg LD, 1998, EXPLORING SPEECH LAN, P73 SHRIBERG LD, 1991, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V5, P225, DOI 10.3109/02699209108986113 Shriberg LD, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P723 Stoel-Gammon C, 1992, PHONOLOGICAL DEV MOD, P439 *TENN ASS AUD SPEE, 2005, SPEECH SOUND PROD SE Tyler AA, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P289, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/075) Tyler AA, 2002, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V33, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2002/005) Williams AL, 2000, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V9, P289 WOLK L, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P906 Yiu EML, 2004, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V18, P211, DOI 10.1080/0269920042000193599 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 17 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 298 EP 312 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/029) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 998JA UT WOS:000234313400005 PM 16396613 ER PT J AU Jacobson, PF Schwartz, RG AF Jacobson, PF Schwartz, RG TI English past tense use in bilingual children with language impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language impairment; bilingualism; English past tense; second language acquisition ID SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN; DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT; ACQUISITION; MORPHOLOGY; SLI; MORPHEME; 2ND-LANGUAGE; SKILLS; BIAS; AGE AB Grammatical measures that distinguish language differences from language disorders in bilingual children are scarce. This study examined English past tense morphology in sequential bilingual Spanish/English-speaking children, age 7;0-9;0 (years;months). Twelve bilingual children with language impairment (LI) or history of LI and 15 typically developing (TD) bilingual children participated. Thirty-six instances of the past tense including regular, irregular, and novel verbs were examined using an elicited production task. By examining English past tense morphology in sequential bilinguals, we uncovered similarities and differences in the error patterns of TD children and children with LI. The groups differed in the overall accuracy of past tense use according to verb type, as well as the characteristic error patterns. Children with LI performed lower than their TD peers on all verb categories, with an interaction between verb type and group. TD children were better at producing regular verbs and exhibited more productive errors (e.g., overregularization). Conversely, children with LI performed relatively better on irregular verbs and poorest on novel verbs, and they exhibited more nonproductive errors (e.g., bare stem verbs). The results have important clinical implications for the assessment of morphological productivity in Spanish-speaking children who are learning English sequentially. C1 St Johns Univ, Dept Speech Commun Sci & Theatre, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Jacobson, PF (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Dept Speech Commun Sci & Theatre, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. EM jacobsop@stjohns.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anderson RT, 2001, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V36, P1 ANDERSON RT, 2001, INT J BILINGUALISM, V8, P377 Bedore LM, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P905, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/072) BELLAIRE S, 1994, J COMMUN DISORD, V27, P265, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(94)90017-5 BERKO J, 1958, WORD, V14, P150 Brown R., 1973, 1 LANGUAGE EARLY STA Bryk A. 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F., 1996, ASSESSMENT COMMUNICA, V6, P29 GUTIERREZCLELLE.VF, 2004, UNPUB VALIDATION BIL HALL WS, 1984, SPOKEN WORDS EFFECT Hammer CS, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P20, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/003) HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1975, UNPUB 4 FACTOR INDEX Hopkins WA, 2002, NEW VIEW STAT EFFECT JACOBSON PF, 2002, THESIS CITY U NEW YO JOANISSE M, 2002, 9 INT C STUD CHILD L Kamhi A. G., 2005, LANGUAGE READING DIS Kohnert K, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/061) Leonard L. B., 1992, LANG ACQUIS, V2, P151, DOI 10.1207/s15327817la0202_2 LEONARD LB, 1998, CHILDREN SPECIFIC LA Leonard LB, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P741 Livert D, 2001, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V36, P155, DOI 10.1207/S15327906MBR3602_02 Maratsos M, 2000, J CHILD LANG, V27, P183, DOI 10.1017/S0305000999004067 MARCHMAN VA, 1994, J CHILD LANG, V21, P339 Marchman VA, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P206 MARCUS GF, 1992, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V57, pR5 Marton K, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P1138, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/089) MILLER J, 2003, ANN C AM SPEECH LANG Munoz ML, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P332, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/027) Oetting J., 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1241 Oetting JB, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P62 Oetting JB, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P207, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/018) Owens R., 2001, LANGUAGE DEV Paradis J, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P113, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/009) Paradis J, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P834 PEARSON BZ, 1993, LANG LEARN, V43, P93, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1993.tb00174.x Pena E, 2001, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V10, P138, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/014) Gutierrez-Clellen VF, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P212, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/019) PERROZI J, 1992, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V23, P348 Restrepo M. A., 2004, BILINGUAL LANGUAGE D, P213 RESTREPO MA, 2000, J CHILDRENS COMMUNIC, V21, P66 Restrepo MA, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1398 Rice ML, 2003, LANGUAGE COMPETENCE ACROSS POPULATIONS, P63 Rice ML, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1126 RICE ML, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P850 Rice ML, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1239 ROSEBERRY CA, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P596 SACKET DL, 2000, EVIDENCE BASED MED SANTIAGO R, 1994, INTERDEPENDENCE LING SCARBOROUGH HS, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V33, P70 SHIPLEY KG, 1991, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V22, P125 SMITHLOCK KM, 1995, ANN DYSLEXIA, V45, P163 U. S. Census Bureau, 2001, STAT ABSTR US Ullman MT, 1999, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V20, P51 UMBREL VM, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P1012 van der Lely HKJ, 2001, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V16, P177 WANG R, 1997, EFFECTS NATIVE LANGU NR 68 TC 20 Z9 21 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/030) PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 998JA UT WOS:000234313400006 PM 16396614 ER PT J AU Hay, E Moran, C AF Hay, E Moran, C TI Discourse formulation in children with closed head injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narrative and expository discourse; closed head injury; children ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; VERBAL WORKING-MEMORY; LANGUAGE-LEARNING DISABILITIES; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EXPOSITORY DISCOURSE; IMPAIRMENT; CAPACITY; PERFORMANCE AB In this study, narrative and expository discourse-retelling abilities were compared in 9 children with closed head injury (CHI) age 9;5-15;3 (years;months) and 9 typically developing age-matched peers. Narrative and expository retellings were analyzed according to language variables (i.e., number of words, number of T-units, and sentential complexity) and information variables (i.e., number of propositions, number of episodic structure elements, and number of global structure elements). A measure of participants' ability to generate a story moral or aim was also taken. The children with CHI differed significantly from their age-matched peers across language and information domains and in their ability to formulate a moral or aim in both the expository and narrative retellings. In addition, differences across genre were found with performance on narrative tasks superior to performance on expository tasks. The exception was that it was easier for participants to generate an aim for the expository passage than a story moral for the narrative passage. The results are discussed relative to a working memory theory of impairment following CHI. Future directions for research are proposed. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Commun Disorders, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Moran, C (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Commun Disorders, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM catherine.moran@canterbury.ac.nz CR Biddle KR, 1996, J COMMUN DISORD, V29, P447, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(95)00038-0 Carpenter P. A., 1994, HDB PSYCHOLINGUISTIC, P1075 Chapman S. B., 1997, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V6, P66 Chapman S. B., 1997, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V6, P50 Chapman SB, 1998, BRAIN LANG, V61, P420, DOI 10.1006/brln.1997.1885 CHAPMAN SB, 1992, BRAIN LANG, V43, P42, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(92)90020-F Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Cowan N, 1996, TOP LANG DISORD, V17, P1 DANEMAN M, 1980, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V19, P450, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6 Dollaghan C, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1136 Dunn L. 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W., 1965, GRAMMATICAL STRUCTUR JORDAN F M, 1992, Brain Injury, V6, P39, DOI 10.3109/02699059209008120 JORDAN F M, 1990, Brain Injury, V4, P147, DOI 10.3109/02699059009026159 JORDAN F M, 1990, Brain Injury, V4, P27, DOI 10.3109/02699059009026145 Jordan FM, 1996, BRAIN INJURY, V10, P729, DOI 10.1080/026990596123990 JORDAN FM, 1995, APHASIOLOGY, V9, P23, DOI 10.1080/02687039508248686 JORDAN FM, 1996, APHASIOLOGY, V10, P166 JORDAN FM, 1994, BRAIN INJURY, V8, P501, DOI 10.3109/02699059409151002 Just MA, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P773, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.103.4.773 KING J, 1991, J MEM LANG, V30, P580, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(91)90027-H Larson V., 1995, LANGUAGE DISORDERS O Montgomery JW, 1996, TOP LANG DISORD, V17, P19 Montgomery JW, 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P77, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2002/009) Moran C, 2005, BRAIN INJURY, V19, P743, DOI 10.1080/02699050500110199 NELSON N, 1993, CHILDHOOD LANGUAGE NIPPOLD M, 2003, EXPOSITORY DISCOURS Nippold MA, 2000, TOP LANG DISORD, V20, P15 PAUL R, 1995, LANGUAGE DISORDERS Scott CM, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P324 SEMEL W, 1997, CLIN EVALUATION LANG STEVENS T, 2003, REV PLAYSTATION GAME STEWART SR, 1985, COMMUNICATION SKILLS, P341 Tate RL, 1998, AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL, V22, P419, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1998.tb01406.x Ulatowska H. K., 1994, DISCOURSE ANAL APPL, P29 WARDLONERGAN JM, 1909, J LEARNING DISABILIT, V32, P213 Weismer SE, 1996, TOP LANG DISORD, V17, P33 WESTERVELD M, 2001, NZ J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V56, P5 Windsor J, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1322 Yekovich F. R., 1990, INFERENCES TEXT COMP, P259 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 14 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 324 EP 336 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/031) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 998JA UT WOS:000234313400007 PM 16396615 ER PT J AU Odekar, A Hallowell, B AF Odekar, A Hallowell, B TI Comparison of alternatives to multidimensional scoring in the assessment of language comprehension in aphasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multidimensional scoring; Revised Token Test; assessment ID SELF-CORRECTION AB Purpose: Multidimensional scoring methods yield valuable information about communication abilities. However, issues of training demands for valid and reliable scoring, especially in current service delivery contexts, may preclude common usage. Alternatives to multidimensional scoring were investigated in a sample of adults with aphasia. Method: One alternative method involved modified multidimensional scoring; the others incorporated correct/incorrect scoring. The scores for the 3 alternative methods were derived from the scores obtained using the traditional multidimensional method. Revised Token Test scores obtained using the traditional multidimensional method were collected from 10 participants with aphasia. These scores were manipulated to yield 3 additional sets of scores corresponding to the alternative methods. Results: There were no significant differences between the traditional multidimensional method and 1 of the correct/incorrect methods. Significant differences were found between traditional multidimensional scoring and each of the other 2 methods. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that simpler scoring systems might yield similar data to traditional multidimensional scoring. If simpler alternative methods yield similar results, using alternative scoring methods with published tests based on multidimensional scoring will help expand their use in everyday clinical practice. C1 Ohio Univ, Sch Hearing Speech & Language Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Odekar, A (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Sch Hearing Speech & Language Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/032) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 998JA UT WOS:000234313400008 PM 16396616 ER PT J AU Bird, EKR Cleave, P Trudeau, N Thordardottir, E Sutton, A Thorpe, A AF Bird, EKR Cleave, P Trudeau, N Thordardottir, E Sutton, A Thorpe, A TI The language abilities of bilingual children with Down syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilingualism; Down syndrome; language development; language disorders ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; VOCABULARY ACQUISITION; ADOLESCENTS; IMPAIRMENT; INDIVIDUALS; SKILLS; COMPREHENSION; AWARENESS AB Children with Down syndrome (DS) have cognitive disabilities resulting from trisomy 21. Language-learning difficulties, especially expressive language problems, are an important component of the phenotype of this population. Many individuals with DS are born into bilingual environments. To date, however, there is almost no information available regarding the capacity of these individuals to acquire more than 1 language. The present study compared the language abilities of 8 children with DS being raised bilingually with those of 3 control groups matched on developmental level: monolingual children with DS (n = 14), monolingual typically developing (TD) children (n = 18), and bilingual TD children (n = 11). All children had at least 100 words in their productive vocabularies but a mean length of utterance of less than 3.5. The bilingual children spoke English and 1 other language and were either balanced bilinguals or English-dominant. English testing was completed for all children using the following: the Preschool Language Scale, Third Edition; language sampling; and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). Bilingual children were also tested in the second language using a vocabulary comprehension test, the CDI, and language sampling. Results provided evidence of a similar profile of language abilities in bilingual children as has been documented for monolingual children with DS. There was no evidence of a detrimental effect of bilingualism. That is, the bilingual children with DS scored at least as well on all English tests as their monolingual DS counterparts. Nonetheless, there was considerable diversity in the second-language abilities demonstrated by these individuals with DS. Clinical implications are addressed. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Sch Human Commun Disorders, Halifax, NS B3H 1R2, Canada. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Hop St Justine, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Bird, EKR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Sch Human Commun Disorders, 5599 Fenwick St, Halifax, NS B3H 1R2, Canada. EM rainbird@dal.ca CR Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Bialystok E., 2001, BILINGUALISM DEV LAN BRUCK M, 1995, J CHILD LANG, V22, P307 BRUCK M, 1982, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V3, P45, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000415X Bruck M, 1997, FOUNDATIONS OF READING ACQUISITION AND DYSLEXIA, P145 CARDOSOMARTINS C, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V90, P177 BIRD EKR, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1369 Chapman R. S., 1995, HDB CHILD LANGUAGE, P641 CHAPMAN RS, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1106 Chapman RS, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P861 Chapman RS, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P340 CHAPMAN RS, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V55, P761 CLEMENTSBAARTMA.J, 1995, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V19, P103 Crago M., 1997, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V21, P223 CRAGO MB, 1996, GENETICS LANGUAGE Cromdal J, 1999, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V20, P1 Crutchley A, 1997, EUR J DISORDER COMM, V32, P267 CUMMINS J, 1979, REV EDUC RES, V49, P222, DOI 10.3102/00346543049002222 De Houwer A., 1999, 2 MORE LANGUAGES EAR Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Dunn L. M., 1993, ECHELLE VOCABULAIRE Ellis Weismer S., 1997, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V13, P215, DOI DOI 10.1177/026565909701300301 ERICKSON JG, 1983, BILINGUAL EXCEPTIONA, P3 Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT FOWLER A. E., 1990, CHILDREN DOWN SYNDRO, P302, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511581786.010 Hakansson G, 2003, LINGUISTICS, V41, P255, DOI 10.1515/ling.2003.009 Hesketh LJ, 1998, AM J MENT RETARD, V103, P288, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(1998)103<0288:VUBIWD>2.0.CO;2 Holland A., 1986, TREATMENT COMMUNICAT, P49 Jacobson PF, 2002, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V23, P23, DOI 10.1017/S0142716402000024 Jarrold C, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P531, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/042) Jordaan H, 2001, FOLIA PHONIATR LOGO, V53, P153, DOI 10.1159/000052670 Miller J., 1993, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Mills J. T., 1988, Proceedings of the Japanese Association of Mycotoxicology, P167 MILLER JF, 1992, PROCESSES LANGUAGE A, P202 MUNDY P, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P157 Nicoladis E., 1997, P 21 ANN BOST U C LA, P422 NICOLADIS E, 1997, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V0021 OLLER JW, 1983, BILINGUAL EXCEPTIONA, P69 PACHECO R, 1983, BILINGUAL EXCEPTIONA, P233 Paradis J, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P113, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/009) PAYAN RM, 1989, BILINGUAL SPECIAL ED, P125 Pearson B. Z., 1998, INT J BILINGUAL, V2, P347, DOI [10.1177/136700699800200305, DOI 10.1177/136700699800200305] PEARSON BZ, 1993, LANG LEARN, V43, P93, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1993.tb00174.x Perozzi JA, 1992, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V23, P348 RESTREPO MA, 2000, J CHILDRENS COMMUNIC, V21, P66 Risley T. R., 1995, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC Romaine S., 1996, HDB 2 LANGUAGE ACQUI, P571, DOI 10.1016/B978-012589042-7/50019-0 Seung HK, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P609 TERVOORT BT, 1979, J CHILD LANG, V6, P159 THORDARDOTTIR E, 2002, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Thordardottir ET, 2002, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V23, P163, DOI 10.1017/S0142716402002016 Thorndike R. L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL TRUDEAU N, 1999, J SPEECH LANGUAGE PA, V23, P61 VALLAR G, 1993, CORTEX, V29, P467 van Kleeck A., 1994, LANGUAGE LEARNING DI, P53 VAUGHNCOOKE FB, 1986, TREATMENT COMMUNICAT, P23 Woll B., 1996, J DEAF STUD DEAF EDU, V1, P271 Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 58 TC 24 Z9 26 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/019) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 022WB UT WOS:000236085700003 PM 16229670 ER PT J AU Paslawski, T Duffy, JR Vernino, S AF Paslawski, T Duffy, JR Vernino, S TI Speech and language findings associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; dysarthria; brain disorders; ataxia ID NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROMES; DISORDERS AB Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is an autoimmune disease that can be associated with cancer of the breast, lung, and ovary. The clinical presentation of PCD commonly includes ataxia, visual disturbances, and dysarthria. The speech disturbances associated with PCD have not been well characterized, despite general acceptance that dysarthria is often part of the initial presentation. A retrospective study was conducted of the speech, language, and swallowing concerns of patients with PCD evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, between 1990 and 2001. Prospective speech and language assessments were then conducted with 5 patients who had PCD. While ataxic dysarthria was the most common speech diagnosis, a spastic component was recognized frequently enough to suggest that the subacute (days to weeks) emergence and progression of an ataxic or mixed ataxic-spastic dysarthria in the setting of a more diffuse cerebellar ataxia should raise suspicions about PCD and justify further investigation of a possible immune-related etiology. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Educ Psychol & Special Educ, Saskatoon, SK S71 0X1, Canada. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Texas SW, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Paslawski, T (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Educ Psychol & Special Educ, 28 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S71 0X1, Canada. EM teresa.paslawski@usask.ca CR BALOH RW, 1995, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V112, P125, DOI 10.1016/S0194-5998(95)70311-X DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P462 DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P246 Darnell RB, 2003, NEW ENGL J MED, V349, P1543, DOI 10.1056/NEJMra023009 Duffy J.R, 1995, MOTOR SPEECH DISORDE HAMMACK JE, 1990, MAYO CLIN PROC, V65, P1423 Liblau R, 1998, ANN MED INTERNE, V149, P512 Marien P, 2001, ACTA NEUROL BELG, V101, P96 Nath U, 1997, J CLIN PATHOL, V50, P975, DOI 10.1136/jcp.50.12.975 Silveri MC, 2000, J NEUROLINGUIST, V13, P129, DOI 10.1016/S0911-6044(00)00008-7 Sutton I, 2002, CLIN SCI, V102, P475, DOI 10.1042/CS20010121 Vernino S, 2000, ANN NEUROL, V47, P297, DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3<297::AID-ANA4>3.0.CO;2-4 Vernino S, 2004, NEURO-ONCOLOGY, V6, P55, DOI 10.1215/S1152.8517.03.0039.5 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/020) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 022WB UT WOS:000236085700004 PM 16229671 ER PT J AU Zipoli, RP Kennedy, M AF Zipoli, RP Kennedy, M TI Evidence-based practice among speech-language pathologists: Attitudes, utilization, and barriers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; research; speech-language pathology; practice issues; clinical fellowship ID EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; PERCEPTIONS; THERAPISTS; CLINICIAN AB A total of 240 speech-language pathologists responded to a questionnaire examining attitudes toward and use of research and evidence-based practice (EBP). Perceived barriers to EBP were also explored. Positive attitudes toward research and EBP were reported. Attitudes were predicted by exposure to research and EBP practice during graduate training and the clinical fellowship year (CFY). Clinical experience and opinions of colleagues were used to guide decision making more frequently than research studies or clinical practice guidelines. Only exposure to research and EBP during the CFY predicted use of evidence-based resources. Respondents reported a decline in exposure to research and EBP as they moved from graduate training into the CFY. A lack of time was perceived as a barrier to EBP. C1 So Connecticut State Univ, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. RP Zipoli, RP (reprint author), 36 Nelson Dr, Burlington, CT 06013 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 208 EP 220 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/021) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 022WB UT WOS:000236085700005 PM 16229672 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JM Yorkston, KM Shumway-Cook, A Ciol, MA Dudgeon, BJ Chan, L AF Hoffman, JM Yorkston, KM Shumway-Cook, A Ciol, MA Dudgeon, BJ Chan, L TI Effect of communication disability on satisfaction with health care: A survey of Medicare beneficiaries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication disorder; adults; Medicare ID HEARING-LOSS; PEOPLE; IMPAIRMENT; COMMUNITY; QUALITY; PATIENT AB Purpose: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries reporting a communication disability and the relationship between that disability and dissatisfaction with medical care. Method: A total of 12,769 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey respondents age 65 and older in 2001 were categorized by level of communication disability. Sampling weights were used to make inferences about the entire Medicare population. Results: Over 16 million beneficiaries reported a communication disability. Hearing problems were most commonly reported (41.99%). The association between dissatisfaction and communication disability was statistically significant (p <= 05) for 8 of 10 items. Conclusions: Prevalence of dissatisfaction among those with a communication disability varied, ranging from 3.43% to 19.34%. Respondents with a communication disability reported much more dissatisfaction when compared with those respondents without a communication disability. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hoffman, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jeanneh@u.washington.edu CR Adler G S, 1994, Health Care Financ Rev, V15, P153 *AM SP EECH LANG H, 2004, INC PREV SPEECH VOIC Burgio LD, 2001, GERONTOLOGIST, V41, P449 Campbell V A, 1999, MMWR CDC Surveill Summ, V48, P131 CHAPEY R, 2000, ASHA LEADER, P4 Crews JE, 2004, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V94, P823, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.94.5.823 Gomez MI, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P1201, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/093) Bergbom-Engberg I, 1993, Intensive Crit Care Nurs, V9, P40, DOI 10.1016/0964-3397(93)90008-L Hemsley B, 2001, J ADV NURS, V35, P827, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01920.x HIRSCH FM, 2000, NEUROGENIC COMMUNICA, P35 Hosmer Jr DW, 1989, APPL LOGISTIC REGRES Hupcey Judith E, 2004, J Gerontol Nurs, V30, P37 Iezzoni LI, 2002, INT J QUAL HEALTH C, V14, P369, DOI 10.1093/intqhc/14.5.369 Iezzoni LI, 2003, ARCH INTERN MED, V163, P2085, DOI 10.1001/archinte.163.17.2085 Jha A, 2002, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V83, P1335, DOI 10.1053/apmr.2002.33986 Keller BK, 1999, J AM GERIATR SOC, V47, P1319 Kish Leslie, 1995, SURVEY SAMPLING Lawthers AG, 2003, INT J QUAL HEALTH C, V15, P287, DOI 10.1093/intqhc/mzg048 Maggi S, 1998, J AM GERIATR SOC, V46, P1069 MANDEL E, 1997, PATIENT CARE, V31, P55 *NAT I NEUR DIS ST, 2005, PARK DIS HOP RES Okamoto M, 2004, INT J AUDIOL, V43, P54, DOI 10.1080/14992020400050008 Reuben DB, 1998, J AM GERIATR SOC, V46, P1008 ROTHMAN ML, 1991, MED CARE, V29, P115, DOI 10.1097/00005650-199102000-00004 Ruben RJ, 2000, LARYNGOSCOPE, V110, P241, DOI 10.1097/00005537-200002010-00010 Todorov A, 2000, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V90, P1248, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.90.8.1248 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/022) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 022WB UT WOS:000236085700006 PM 16229673 ER PT J AU Masterson, JJ Bernhardt, BH Hofheinz, MK AF Masterson, JJ Bernhardt, BH Hofheinz, MK TI A comparison of single words and conversational speech in phonological evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phonological sampling; single words; conversational speech ID ARTICULATORY RESPONSES; LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT; CONNECTED SPEECH; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to compare conversational speech samples with single-word samples that were partially tailored to the participants' individual phonological profiles, using aspects of nonlinear phonological frameworks as a basis for evaluation. Method: There were 20 participants in the study, ranging in age from 3;0 to 10;5 (years;months). The Computerized Articulation and Phonology Evaluation System (J. J. Masterson & B. Bernhardt, 2001) was used to elicit single-word productions. Results: Both group and individual comparisons indicated very few differences in accuracy or treatment ramifications. The time required to elicit and transcribe the conversational samples was typically 3 times greater than the time required for the single-word task. The single-word task elicited more of the English-language targets. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that a single-word task tailored to some extent to the client's phonological system gives sufficient and representative information for phonological evaluation. A brief conversational sample remains useful for examining prosody, intelligibility, and other aspects of language, and as a check on the representativeness of the single-word sample. C1 SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Natl HealthCare, Murfreesboro, TN USA. RP Masterson, JJ (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM juliemasterson@missouristate.edu CR Andrews N., 1986, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V17, P187 Bernard CP, 2001, APPL COMPUT HARMON A, V11, P32, DOI 10.1006/acha.2000.0341 Bernhardt B., 2000, WORKBOOK NONLINEAR P Bernhardt BH, 2001, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V32, P18, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/002) BERNTHAL JE, 1989, J CHILDHOOD COMMUNIC, V12, P137 Bleile K, 2002, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V11, P243, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2002/026) Browman C. P., 1995, PRODUCING SPEECH CON, P19 Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1999, TEST AUDITORY COMPRE DUBOIS EM, 1978, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V43, P295 DYSON AT, 1987, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V17, P187 FAIRCLOTH MA, 1970, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V35, P51 Fey M. 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PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/023) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 022WB UT WOS:000236085700007 PM 16229674 ER PT J AU Lattermann, C Shenker, RC Thordardottir, E AF Lattermann, C Shenker, RC Thordardottir, E TI Progression of language complexity during treatment with the Lidcombe Program for early stuttering intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lidcombe Program; linguistic complexity; utterance length; lexical diversity; fluency development ID CONVERSATIONAL UTTERANCES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISFLUENCY; LINGUISTIC PERFORMANCE; GRAMMATICAL COMPLEXITY; EMERGING GRAMMAR; YOUNG STUTTERERS; CHILDREN; SPEECH; TIME; FLUENCY AB The Lidcombe Program is an operant treatment for early stuttering. Outcomes indicate that the program is effective; however, the underlying mechanisms leading to a successful reduction of stuttering remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fluency achieved with the Lidcombe Program was accompanied by concomitant reduction of utterance length and decreases in linguistic complexity. Standardized language tests were administered pretreatment to 4 male preschool children. Spontaneous language samples were taken 2 weeks prior to treatment, at Weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12 during treatment, and 6 months after the onset of treatment. Samples were analyzed for mean length of utterance (MLU), percentage of simple and complex sentences, number of different words (NDW), and percentage of syllables stuttered. Analysis revealed that all participants presented with language skills in the average and above average range. The children achieved an increase in stutter-free speech accompanied by increases in MLU, percentage of complex sentences, and NDW. For these preschool children who stutter, improved stutter-free speech during treatment with the program appeared to be achieved without a decrease in linguistic complexity. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Montreal Fluency Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Lattermann, C (reprint author), Woehrdstr 1, D-93059 Regensburg, Germany. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/024) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 022WB UT WOS:000236085700008 PM 16229675 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, S AF Eisenberg, S TI When conversation is not enough: Assessing infinitival complements through elicitation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language assessment; elicited production; complex sentences ID LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; AGE AB Children with language impairment have been found to show limited usage of infinitival complements, one of the earliest complex sentence types to emerge and a significant form in school-age language. Children's production of infinitival complements in conversation is not sufficient to tell us what they know about this form. This article describes a story completion procedure for eliciting infinitival complements. The procedure includes 2 situational contexts requiring different infinitive sentence forms and a variety of verbs with which infinitival complements can be produced. The child's response includes both production of an utterance to complete each story and then an acting out of the meaning of that utterance. This enables the examiner to look not only at the forms produced by the child but also at the relationship between form and meaning. C1 Montclair State Coll, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RP Eisenberg, S (reprint author), Montclair State Coll, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/011) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CY UT WOS:000232284000002 PM 15989385 ER PT J AU Wright, HH Shisler, RJ AF Wright, HH Shisler, RJ TI Working memory in aphasia: Theory, measures, and clinical implications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Convention of the American-Speech-Language-Hearing-Association CY NOV 13-15, 2003 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Speech Language Hearing Assoc DE aphasia; working memory; memory measures ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; WORD-LENGTH; SYNTACTIC COMPREHENSION; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; BRAIN ACTIVATION; MILD APHASIA; TASK AB Recently, researchers have suggested that deficits in working memory capacity contribute to language-processing difficulties observed in individuals with aphasia (e.g., I. Caspari, S. Parkinson, L. LaPointe, & R. Katz, 1998; R. A. Downey et al., 2004; N. Friedmann & A. Gvion, 2003; H. H. Wright, M. Newhoff, R. Downey, & S. Austermann, 2003). A theoretical framework of working memory can aid in our understanding of a disrupted system (e.g., after stroke) and how this relates to language comprehension and production. Additionally, understanding the theoretical basis of working memory is important for the measurement and treatment of working memory. The literature indicates that future investigations of measurement and treatment of working memory are warranted in order to determine the role of working memory in language processing. C1 Univ Kentucky, Div Commun Disorders, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wright, HH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Div Commun Disorders, CHS Bldg,900 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. 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PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/012) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CY UT WOS:000232284000003 PM 15989386 ER PT J AU Craig, HK Washington, JA Thompson, CA AF Craig, HK Washington, JA Thompson, CA TI Oral language expectations for African American children in grades 1 through 5 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African American; language; minorities; assessment ID VERBAL INTERACTION; COMPREHENSION; PRESCHOOLERS; PERFORMANCES; DISCOURSE; STUDENTS AB Reference profiles for characterizing the language abilities of elementary-grade African American students are important for assessment and instructional planning. H. K. Craig and J. A. Washington (2002) reported performance for 100 typically developing preschoolers and kindergartners on 5 traditional language measures: mean length of communication units, amount of complex syntax production, number of different spoken words, responses to wh-questions, and understanding of active/passive sentence construction. The present study reports performances on the same measures for 295 typically developing African American children in the 1st through 5th grades. Findings revealed increasing performance scores with increasing grades on 4 of the tasks. A ceiling effect was evident on the task that assessed comprehension of active and passive voice. Gender, socioeconomic status, and community influenced the values in systematic ways, and responses to requests for information varied relative to vocabulary skill. These measures are recommended for inclusion in culturally fair assessment protocols designed to characterize the language abilities of elementary-grade African American students. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Craig, HK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM hkc@umich.edu CR ARAM DM, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P549 Bauer DJ, 2002, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V23, P313, DOI 10.1017/S0142716402003016 Bloom L, 1978, LANGUAGE DEV LANGUAG Bracken B. A., 1986, BRACKEN CONCEPT DEV Brown R., 1973, 1 LANGUAGE EARLY STA CHERRY L, 1975, CHILD DEV, V46, P532 CHERRY L, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P278, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.12.4.278 Craig H. K., 1992, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V23, P329 Craig H. 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M., 1988, LATER LANGUAGE DEV A, P49 Scott CM, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P324 Seymour H., 2003, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIO Shriberg LD, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P708 STEVENSON HW, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P508, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02796.x Templin M., 1957, CERTAIN LANGUAGE SKI THOMASTATE SR, 2005, PERFORMANCES AFRICAN Tomblin JB, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1284 TYACK D, 1977, J CHILD LANG, V4, P211 *USDA, 2004, SCH MEALS PROGR INC Van Den Broek P., 2000, READING MEANING FOST, P1 WASHINGTON JA, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P816 Washington JA, 1999, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V30, P75 Washington JA, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P618 WATKINS RV, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P1349 Williams K. T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/013) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CY UT WOS:000232284000004 PM 15989387 ER PT J AU Swanson, LA Fey, ME Mills, CE Hood, LS AF Swanson, LA Fey, ME Mills, CE Hood, LS TI Use of narrative-based language intervention with children who have specific language impairment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narrative; intervention; story composition; specific language impairment; children ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; WORKING-MEMORY; NONWORD REPETITION; STORY GRAMMAR; COMPREHENSION; FACILITATION; DISORDER; STUDENTS; STRATEGY; SPOKEN AB Ten 7-8-year-old children with specific language impairment participated in a 6-week program of narrative-based language intervention (NBLI) in an effort to evaluate NBLI's feasibility. Each intervention session targeted story content as well as story and sentence form using story retell and generation tasks. Eight children achieved the clinically significant improvement criterion from pre- and post-test comparisons of at least 1.45 points on a narrative quality (NQ) rating (p < .013). Throughout the NBLI program, the children were informally observed to show increased self-confidence in their narrative production skills. Nearly all children preferred story generation activities over story retell tasks, while story retell tasks were favored over sentence imitation drills. Pre- and post-test comparisons for number of different words, developmental sentence score, and a sentence imitation task were nonsignificant. This indicated no further evidence of positive outcomes for NBLI. Based on the significant findings for NQ, NBLI is worthy of further investigation. Modifications to enhance its ability to produce positive gains are discussed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Audiol & Speech Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Natl Hlth Care, Murfreesboro, TN USA. RP Swanson, LA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Audiol & Speech Pathol, 578 S Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lswanson@utk.edu CR Baddeley A, 2000, TRENDS COGN SCI, V4, P417, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2 Baddeley A, 2003, J COMMUN DISORD, V36, P189, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00019-4 BAGGETT P, 1979, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V18, P333, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(79)90191-9 BOTVIN GJ, 1977, DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P377, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.13.4.377 Chapman R., 2000, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Dollaghan C, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1136 Weismer SE, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P865 Fey M., 1986, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO Fey M., 1997, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V6, P22 FEY ME, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P141 Fey ME, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P3, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/048) Fey ME, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P1301, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/098) Gillam R., 1995, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO, P145 Gillam R. 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O., 2000, ORAL SPEECH MECH SCR STRONG CJ, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P95 Ukrainetz TA, 1998, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V29, P197 NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/014) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CY UT WOS:000232284000005 PM 15989388 ER PT J AU Rescorla, L Ratner, NB Jusczyk, P Jusczyk, AM AF Rescorla, L Ratner, NB Jusczyk, P Jusczyk, AM TI Concurrent validity of the Language Development Survey: Associations with the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Language Development Survey; Communicative Development Inventories; Words and Sentences; concurrent validity; language screening; toddler language development ID DEVELOPMENT SURVEY LDS; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY; INCOME FAMILIES; TODDLERS; DELAY; VOCABULARY; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN; SPEECH; DIFFICULTIES AB This study examined the concurrent validity of the Language Development Survey (LDS), a 310-word parent report screening tool for language delay in toddlers, by testing its associations with the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences (CDI:WS), a 680-word parent report instrument. Participants were 239 toddlers 23-25 months of age. The correlation between total vocabulary score on the 2 instruments was .95, and correlations across comparable semantic categories ranged from .84 to .94. The correlation between the LDS and the CDI:WS for mean length of phrases calculated on 3 examples of the child's longest and best phrases was .90. Both instruments demonstrated that parents reported higher vocabulary and mean phrase length scores for girls. The study indicates that information obtained from the LIDS about rank ordering of toddlers in terms of their reported vocabulary and mean length of phrases is equivalent to that obtained from the longer CDI:WS. C1 Bryn Mawr Coll, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rescorla, L (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. EM lrescorl@brynmawr.edu CR Achenbach T. 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R., 1995, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC Tallal P., 1988, LEARNING DISABILITIE, P181 THAL D, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P604 Tsao FM, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1067, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00726.x WHITEHURST GJ, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01210.x NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/016) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CY UT WOS:000232284000007 PM 15989390 ER PT J AU Garcia, JM Chambers, E Molander, M AF Garcia, JM Chambers, E Molander, M TI Thickened liquids: Practice patterns of speech-language pathologists SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet modification; swallowing treatment; thickened liquids ID BOLUS CONSISTENCY; STROKE PATIENTS; DYSPHAGIA; VISCOSITY; MANAGEMENT; VIDEOFLUOROSCOPY; VOLUME; ADULT; DIETS; TASTE AB This study surveyed the practice patterns of speech-language pathologists in their use of thickened liquids for patients with swallowing difficulties. A 25-item Internet survey about thickened liquids was posted via an e-mail list to members of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Division 13, Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia). Responses of 145 professionals who primarily manage adult dysphagia are reported. Although the majority affirmed that thickening thin liquids was an effective intervention strategy, opinions about effectiveness were more favorable for nectar-thick versus honey-like and spoon-thick consistencies. Respondents also acknowledged that their patients had little liking for thickened liquids. Results highlight issues related to products and staff training, as well as perceptions concerning the factors that might affect patients' acceptance of and compliance with use of the products. C1 Kansas State Univ, Program Commun Sci & Disorders, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Garcia, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Program Commun Sci & Disorders, 303 Justin, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jgarcia@humec.ksu.edu CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2004, BACKGR INF STAND IMP BISCH EM, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1041 BOYLE MA, 2003, COMMUNITY NUTR ACTIO BROWN A, 1998, CONSULTANT DIETITIAN, V23, P2 Castellanos VH, 2004, J AM DIET ASSOC, V104, P1222, DOI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.05.203 Cichero JAY, 2000, DYSPHAGIA, V15, P188, DOI 10.1007/s004550000027 Crary MA, 2003, INTRO ADULT SWALLOWI DiMatteo M R, 1994, JAMA, V271, P83, DOI 10.1001/jama.271.1.79 Ekberg O, 2002, DYSPHAGIA, V17, P139, DOI 10.1007/s00455-001-0113-5 Glassburn DL, 1998, DYSPHAGIA, V13, P218, DOI 10.1007/PL00009575 Goulding R, 2000, CLIN REHABIL, V14, P119, DOI 10.1191/026921500667340586 Hamlet S, 1996, DYSPHAGIA, V11, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF00385799 Kuhlemeier KV, 2001, DYSPHAGIA, V16, P119, DOI 10.1007/s004550011003 LAZARUS CL, 1993, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V74, P1066, DOI 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90063-G LEITER AE, 1996, J MED SPEECH-LANG PA, V4, P289 Logemann J, 1998, EVALUATION TREATMENT, V2nd Lotong V, 2003, J FOOD SCI, V68, P1537, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09680.x Low J, 2001, DYSPHAGIA, V16, P123, DOI 10.1007/s004550011002 Macqueen CE, 2003, DYSPHAGIA, V18, P46, DOI 10.1007/s00455-002-0084-1 Martino R, 2004, DYSPHAGIA, V19, P165, DOI 10.1007/s00455-004-0004-7 MCCULLOUGH GH, 2004, STANDARDIZING DYSPHA McCullough GH, 1999, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V8, P149 Mills RH, 1999, NUTR CLIN PRACT, V14, pS52 O'GARA J A, 1990, Dysphagia, V4, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF02407267 Pelletier C., 1999, MANAGEMENT ADULT NEU Pelletier CA, 2003, FOOD QUAL PREFER, V14, P595, DOI 10.1016/S0950-3293(02)00153-2 Pelletier CA, 1997, DYSPHAGIA, V12, P74, DOI 10.1007/PL00009522 Penman JP, 1998, J HUM NUTR DIET, V11, P51, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-277X.1998.00079.x Reimers-Neils Lynn, 1994, Dysphagia, V9, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF00714596 Robbins J, 2002, AM SPEECH LANGUAGE H, P16 Smith CH, 1997, DYSPHAGIA, V12, P68, DOI 10.1007/PL00009521 Steele CM, 2003, DYSPHAGIA, V18, P182, DOI 10.1007/s00455-002-0104-1 Steele CM, 2004, DYSPHAGIA, V19, P192, DOI 10.1007/s00455-004-0006-5 Whelan K, 2001, CLIN NUTR, V20, P423, DOI 10.1054/clnu.2001.0467 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/003) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CW UT WOS:000232283800002 PM 15962843 ER PT J AU de Rivera, C Girolametto, L Greenberg, J Weitzman, E AF de Rivera, C Girolametto, L Greenberg, J Weitzman, E TI Children's responses to educators' questions in day care play groups SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preschool children; child care; educators; language development; service provision models ID PRESCHOOLERS; DISABILITIES; TODDLERS; SPEECH AB An exploratory study examined adults' questions to small groups of children to determine how questions influenced their response rate and complexity of response. Thirteen educators of toddlers and 13 educators of preschoolers were videotaped during free-play. Both groups of educators used an equivalent frequency of open-ended and closed questions, but the preschool educators used more topic-continuing questions. Consistent with their developmental level, preschoolers responded more frequently than toddlers. Toddlers demonstrated few effects of question type. In contrast, preschoolers used more multiword utterances following open-ended questions and topic-continuing questions. Implications for in-service education for staff of early childhood settings include increasing the use of both open-ended and topic-continuing questions. C1 Univ Toronto, Grad Dept Speech Language Pathol, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. Hanen Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Girolametto, L (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Grad Dept Speech Language Pathol, Room 160,500 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. EM l.girolametto@utoronto.ca CR Bohannon J. N., 1997, DEV LANGUAGE, P259 CICOGNANI E, 1988, EUROPEAN J PSYCHOL E, V3, P303 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Crago MB, 1997, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V28, P245 Girolametto L, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1101 Girolametto L, 2000, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V31, P154 Girolametto L, 2002, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V33, P268, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2002/022) HONIG A S, 1982, Early Child Development and Care, V9, P19, DOI 10.1080/0300443820090102 Johnston JR, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P156, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/014) KAISER AP, 1990, ANN M DIV EARL CHILD Mahoney G. H., 1986, T INTERVENTION PROGR Marinac JV, 2000, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V16, P181, DOI 10.1191/026565900671757680 McCabe JR, 1996, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V20, P329 MILLER JF, 1998, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG OBRIEN M, 1995, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V15, P148 OLSENFULEROL, 1983, J CHILD LANGUAGE, V10, P223 Paul-Brown D., 2001, EARLY CHILDHOOD INCL, P433 PELLEGRINO MLM, 1990, J CHILD LANG, V17, P101 Pine JM, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P807 Richards B. J., 1994, INPUT INTERACTION LA, P74 ROCISSANO L, 1984, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V30, P11 SACKETT CP, 1978, OBSERVING BEHAV, V2 SCHAFFER HR, 1984, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V2, P33 van Kleeck A, 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P67 Weitzman E, 2002, LEARNING LANGUAGE LO Wittmer D. S., 1991, EARLY CHILD DEV CARE, V68, P141, DOI 10.1080/0300443910680113 WOOD H, 1983, EDUC REV, V35, P149, DOI 10.1080/0013191830350206 YODER PJ, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V33, P563 YODER PJ, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P193 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/04) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CW UT WOS:000232283800003 PM 15962844 ER PT J AU Steele, CM van Lieshout, PHHM AF Steele, CM van Lieshout, PHHM TI Does barium influence tongue behaviors during swallowing? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swallowing; dysphagia; videofluoroscopy; barium; tongue ID SPEECH MOVEMENTS; BOLUS VOLUME; ELECTROMAGNETIC ARTICULOGRAPHY; VOCAL-TRACT; DYSPHAGIA; VISCOSITY; SOUNDS; STABILITY; LIQUID AB The validity of videofluoroscopic swallowing assessments rests on the understanding that thin, nectar-, honey-, and spoon-thick radiopaque liquids resemble nonopaque liquids, both in their consistency and in the variations in swallowing that they elicit. Tongue movements during sequential swallows of opaque and nonopaque liquids were studied in 8 healthy participants in 2 age groups (< 30 years, > 50 years) using electromagnetic midsagittal articulography. Differences included smaller sip size, longer oropharyngeal transit times, and greater variability in tongue movement patterns with opaque liquids compared to nonopaque liquids, but effect sizes for these differences were small. Transit times were significantly longer for older participants than younger participants. We recommend matching radiopaque bolus size in videofluoroscopy to the patient's habitually preferred sip mass for comparator nonopaque liquids. C1 Toronto Rehabil Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Steele, CM (reprint author), Toronto Rehabil Inst, 550 Univ Ave,801, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. EM steele.catriona@torontorehab.on.ca RI van Lieshout, Pascal/A-1371-2008 OI van Lieshout, Pascal/0000-0001-8139-8900 CR Adnerhill I, 1989, Dysphagia, V4, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02407395 *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 2004, ASHA S, V24, P178 BISCH EM, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P1041 Bourne MC, 1982, FOOD TEXTURE VISCOSI, P199 Byrd D, 1999, P 14 INT C PHON SCI, P627 Chi-Fishman G, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1481 Chi-Fishman G, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P771 Chi-Fishman G, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P457, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/036) Cichero JAY, 1998, DYSPHAGIA, V13, P39, DOI 10.1007/PL00009548 Cichero JAY, 2002, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V111, P623 Cichero JAY, 2002, DYSPHAGIA, V17, P40, DOI 10.1007/s00455-001-0100-X Daniels SK, 2001, DYSPHAGIA, V16, P176, DOI 10.1007/s00455-001-0061-0 DANTAS RO, 1990, AM J PHYSIOL, V258, pG675 DANTAS RO, 1989, AM J ROENTGENOL, V153, P1191 Dunlap WP, 1996, PSYCHOL METHODS, V1, P170, DOI 10.1037//1082-989X.1.2.170 ENGELKE W, 1989, DEUT ZAHNAERZTL Z, V44, P618 Hamlet S, 1996, DYSPHAGIA, V11, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF00385799 Hamlet S L, 1988, Dysphagia, V3, P65, DOI 10.1007/BF02412421 Hamlet S L, 1989, Dysphagia, V4, P136, DOI 10.1007/BF02408036 HAMLET SL, 1990, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V99, P749 Hasegawa-Johnson M, 1998, J ACOUST SOC AM, V104, P2529, DOI 10.1121/1.423775 Hintze J., 2001, NUMBER CRUNCHER STAT KAHRILAS PJ, 1993, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V104, P152 Kotrlik J. W., 2003, Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, V21 LAZARUS CL, 1993, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V74, P1066, DOI 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90063-G Levine TR, 2002, HUM COMMUN RES, V28, P612, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00828.x LI M, 1992, Dysphagia, V7, P17, DOI 10.1007/BF02493417 LOF G L, 1990, Dysphagia, V4, P236, DOI 10.1007/BF02407271 Logemann JA, 1997, EVALUATION TREATMENT LOGEMANN JA, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P556 Logemann JA, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P1264 MARTIN R. E., 1991, THESIS U WISCONSIN M MILLS RH, 2000, EVALUATION DYSPHAGIA, P103 *MRC CAN NAT SCI E, 1998, TRIC POL STAT ETH CO MUNHALL KG, 1985, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V11, P457, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.11.4.457 PALMER J B, 1992, Dysphagia, V7, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02493469 Pelletier CA, 2003, DYSPHAGIA, V18, P231, DOI 10.1007/s00455-003-0013-y PERLMAN AL, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P579 Perlman AL, 2000, DYSPHAGIA, V15, P89 POUDEROUX P, 1995, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V108, P1418, DOI 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90690-8 Rao V. N. M., 1992, VISCOELASTIC PROPERT, P3 Robbins J, 2002, AM SPEECH LANGUAGE H, P16 SCHONLE PW, 1987, BRAIN LANG, V31, P26, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(87)90058-7 SMITH A, 1995, EXP BRAIN RES, V104, P493 Smith A, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P277 Sonies B C, 1992, Clin Geriatr Med, V8, P569 Sonies B C, 1988, Dysphagia, V3, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02406274 SONIES BC, 1984, J GERONTOL, V39, P279 Steele CM, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P342, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/027) Steele CM, 2003, DYSPHAGIA, V18, P182, DOI 10.1007/s00455-002-0104-1 STEELE CM, 2003, THESIS U TORONTO TOR Stevens J., 2002, APPL MULTIVARIATE ST Stone M, 1986, Dysphagia, V1, P78, DOI 10.1007/BF02407118 Tasko SM, 2002, DYSPHAGIA, V17, P126, DOI 10.1007/s00455-001-0112-6 TREFFNER PJ, 2003, HUMAN MOVEMENT SCI, V21, P641 Tung M. A., 1995, INGREDIENT INTERACTI, P45 van Lieshout P., 2004, SPEECH MOTOR CONTROL, P51 VANLIESHOUT PHH, 1994, APPL METHODS INSTRUM, P62 van Lieshout PHHM, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P5, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/001) Westbury JR, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/052) WESTBURY JR, 1994, J ACOUST SOC AM, V95, P2271, DOI 10.1121/1.408638 Wright RER, 1998, DYSPHAGIA, V13, P113, DOI 10.1007/PL00009554 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/005) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CW UT WOS:000232283800004 PM 15962845 ER PT J AU Heilmann, J Weismer, SE Evans, J Hollar, C AF Heilmann, J Weismer, SE Evans, J Hollar, C TI Utility of the MacArthur-Bates communicative development inventory in identifying language abilities of late-talking and typically developing toddlers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE language assessment; late talkers; Communicative Development Inventory; concurrent validity; language expression ID PARENT REPORT MEASURE; CHILD LANGUAGE; VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT; NONWORD REPETITION; SYMBOLIC PLAY; DOWN-SYNDROME; LATE TALKERS; IMPAIRMENT; VALIDITY; SKILLS AB The present study investigated the validity of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) for a group of toddlers 30 months of age. Study 1 examined the concurrent validity of the CDI for a group of 38 late talkers. Significant correlations were found between the CDI and direct measures of language abilities. Study 2 used likelihood ratio analysis to determine how well the CDI sorted 100 toddlers (38 late talkers and 62 children with a history of normal language development) according to language status based on direct assessment measures. The analyses showed that the CDI was effective in identifying children with low language skills up to the 11th percentile and in identifying children with normal language skills above the 49th percentile. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Heilmann, J (reprint author), 1975 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjheilmann@wisc.edu CR BATES E, 1994, J CHILD LANG, V21, P85 Bauer DJ, 2002, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V23, P313, DOI 10.1017/S0142716402003016 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V57, P289 Caselli MC, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1125 Chilosi AM, 2001, J CHILD NEUROL, V16, P309, DOI 10.1177/088307380101600502 DALE PS, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P565 Dale PS, 2000, J CHILD LANG, V27, P619, DOI 10.1017/S0305000900004281 DALE PS, 1989, J CHILD LANG, V16, P239 Dollaghan C, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P1136 Weismer SE, 2000, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V43, P865 Ellis Weismer S., 2000, SPEECH LANGUAGE IMPA, P157 Weismer SE, 2002, TOP LANG DISORD, V22, P15 FARRAR MJ, 2002, FIRST LANGUAGE, V22, P197 Feldman HM, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P310, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00146 Feldman HM, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P273, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/022) Fenson L, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P323, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00147 FEY M, 2003, S RES CHILD LANG DIS FRANKENBURG WK, 1992, DENVER, V2 Fudala J. B., 2000, ARIZONA ARTICULATION GershkoffStowe L, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01966.x Girolametto L, 2001, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V10, P358, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2001/030) Girolametto L, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P1274 Harris NGS, 1997, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V13, P345 Hick R., 2002, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V18, P165, DOI 10.1191/0265659002ct233oa Lyytinen P, 2003, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V36, P74, DOI 10.1177/00222194030360010901 MARCHMAN VA, 1994, J CHILD LANG, V21, P339 Miller J., 2002, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG MILLER JF, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P1037 PAUL R, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P592 Paul R., 2001, LANGUAGE DISORDERS I Paul R., 1996, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V5, P5 RESCORLA L, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P1290 Richards Brian J., 1997, QUANTIFYING LEXICAL ROBBINS J, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P271 Robertson SB, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1234 Sackett D, 1991, CLIN EPIDEMIOLOGY BA, V2nd TAPE T, 2003, AREA ROC CURVE THAL D, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P604 Thal DJ, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P482 Thal DJ, 1997, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V13, P239 Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL WEISMER SE, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P852 WHITEHURST GJ, 1991, TOP LANG DISORD, V11, P55 Yoshinaga-Itano C, 1998, VOLTA REV, V100, P135 Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 46 TC 44 Z9 44 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/006) PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CW UT WOS:000232283800005 PM 15966111 ER PT J AU Schneider, P Dube, RV AF Schneider, P Dube, RV TI Story presentation effects on children's retell content SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; language assessment; discourse analysis; story grammar; narratives ID LANGUAGE-DISORDERED CHILDREN; NARRATIVE DISCOURSE; COMPREHENSION; 4-YEAR-OLDS; IMPAIRMENT; ABILITIES; COHESION; SKILLS AB This study investigated the possibility that the amount of content children include in their stories is affected by how stories are presented. Simple stories were presented to kindergarten and Grade 2 children in 3 conditions: orally (oral only), pictorially (pictures only), and combined oral and pictures. The kindergarteners recalled more content in the combined condition than in pictures only. The 2nd graders recalled more content in the oral only and combined conditions than in pictures only. The grades differed in both conditions involving oral presentation, but not in the pictures only condition. Thus, children in both grades provided more story information when they retold a story presented orally than when they told the story from pictures alone. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada. Toronto Dist Sch Board, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Schneider, P (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, 2-70 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada. EM phyllis.schneider@ualberta.ca CR BISHOP DVM, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P156 BLISHEN BR, 1987, CAN REV SOC ANTHROP, V24, P465 Fazio BB, 1996, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V39, P611 GOLDMAN SR, 1986, J MEM LANG, V25, P401, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(86)90034-3 Hadley PA, 1998, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V29, P132 HEDBERG NL, 1986, TOP LANG DISORD, V7, P58 Hickmann M., 1993, 1 LANGUAGE, V13, P169, DOI 10.1177/014272379301303802 Hughes D., 1997, GUIDE NARRATIVE LANG KLECANAKER JS, 1985, TOP LANG DISORD, V5, P46 LILES BZ, 1985, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V28, P123 LILES BZ, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V30, P185 LILES BZ, 1985, J COMMUN DISORD, V18, P409, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(85)90030-9 LILES BZ, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P415 MACLACHLAN BG, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V53, P2 Manhardt J, 2002, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V23, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0142716402000012 Mayer M., 1977, OOPS MERRITT DD, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V30, P539 Miller J., 2002, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG PAUL R, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P592 RICE ML, 1989, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L RIPICH DN, 1988, J LEARN DISABIL, V21, P165 ROTH FP, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P8 SCHNEIDER P, 1997, 1 LANGUAGE, V5, P283 SCHNEIDER P, 2001, ANN CONV AM SPEECH L Schneider P., 1996, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V5, P86 Stein N., 1979, NEW DIRECTIONS DISCO, V2, P53 Stein N. L., 1997, NARRATIVE DEV 6 APPR, P5 Stein N. L., 1984, LEARNING COMPREHENSI, P113 STEIN NL, 1988, CHILD LANGUAGE READE, P272 Strong C. J., 1998, STRONG NARRATIVE ASS NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/007) PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CW UT WOS:000232283800006 PM 15962846 ER PT J AU Colodny, N AF Colodny, N TI Dysphagic independent feeders' justifications for noncompliance with recommendations by a speech-language pathologist SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dysphagia; noncompliance; coping; defense mechanisms; social-cognitive transition model ID COPING STRATEGIES; CANCER-PATIENTS; OUTCOMES AB The purpose of this study was to examine the various ways in which independent-feeding patients with dysphagia justified their noncompliance with swallowing recommendations suggested by a speech-language pathologist (SLP). Sixty-three independent-feeding dysphagia patients between the ages of 65 and 100 years who had been identified by the SLP or staff as noncompliant with SLP recommendations were interviewed about their reasons for noncompliance. Reasons were classified into 8 categories: (a) denial of a swallowing problem, (b) dissatisfaction with the preparations such as thickened liquids or pureed foods, (c) assuming a calculated risk for noncompliant behaviors, (d) rationalizing their noncompliance in the face of contradictory evidence, (e) minimization of the severity of their problem, (f) verbal accommodation while maintaining noncompliance, (g) projection of blame toward the SLP, and (h) deflection of noncompliance by referring to an external authority. Reasons for noncompliance were discussed in light of theory and research on denial, coping mechanisms, and the social-cognitive transition model. Implications were drawn for SLP practice in dealing with noncompliant independent-feeding patients with dysphagia. C1 St Johns Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Speech Commun Sci & Theater, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. RP Colodny, N (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Speech Commun Sci & Theater, St Johns Hall 344,8000 Utopia Turnpike, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/008) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CW UT WOS:000232283800007 PM 15962847 ER PT J AU Klein, HB AF Klein, HB TI Reduplication revisited: Functions, constraints, repairs, and clinical implications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phonological development; prosodic forms; reduplication; phonological constraints ID CHILD PHONOLOGY; WORD; PRONUNCIATION; STRATEGIES; CONSONANTS; PATTERNS AB This case study considers the phonological forms of early lexical items produced by 1 normally developing boy, from 19 to 22 months of age, who began to produce all monosyllabic words as bisyllabic. 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J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2005/009) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 970CW UT WOS:000232283800008 PM 15962848 ER EF