FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jones, I McDonald, L AF Jones, Ian McDonald, Liz TI Living with uncertainty: antidepressants and pregnancy SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; RISK AB There have been a large number of studies in recent years reporting on the reproductive safety of antidepressant medication. Some studies, but not all, have reported an association of antidepressant exposure in pregnancy and the subsequent development of autism spectrum disorders. It remains difficult to know whether the modest increase in risk is due to the medication, to the mood disorder itself, or to other confounding factors. For any individual woman the decision to commence or continue antidepressant medication in pregnancy must be made after a full consideration of the potential risks and benefits of all options, including non-pharmacological treatments. In making these difficult decisions it is important to recognise that episodes of severe psychiatric illness may have very serious negative consequences for the woman, her baby and her family, and these must be weighed against what is known about the risks of taking medication. C1 [Jones, Ian; McDonald, Liz] Royal Coll Psychiatrists, Sect Perinatal Psychiat, London, England. [Jones, Ian] Cardiff Univ, Natl Ctr Mental Hlth, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, S Glam, Wales. [McDonald, Liz] East London NHS Fdn Trust, London, England. RP Jones, I (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Natl Ctr Mental Hlth, Hadyn Ellis Bldg,Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, S Glam, Wales. 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J. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 205 IS 2 BP 103 EP 104 DI 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141713 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM7CR UT WOS:000340022800005 PM 25252318 ER PT J AU Feldman, R Golan, O Hirschler-Guttenberg, Y Ostfeld-Etzion, S Zagoory-Sharon, O AF Feldman, Ruth Golan, Ofer Hirschler-Guttenberg, Yael Ostfeld-Etzion, Sharon Zagoory-Sharon, Orna TI Parent child interaction and oxytocin production in pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR GENE OXTR; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; SYNCHRONY; COGNITION; BEHAVIOR AB Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with genetic risk on the oxytocin,system, suggesting oxytocin involvement in ASD; yet oxytocin functioning in young children with ASD is unknown. Aims To assess baseline oxytocin in pre-schoolers with ASD and test whether oxytocin production may be enhanced by parent-child contact. Method Forty pre-schoolers with high-functioning ASD were matched with 40. typically developing controls. Two home visits included an identical 45-minute social battery once with the mother and once with the father. Four saliva oxytocin samples were collected from each parent and the child during each visit. Results Children with ASD had lower baseline oxytocin. Following 20 mm of parent-child interactions, oxytocin normalised and remained high during social contact. Fifteen. minutes after contact, oxytocin fell to baseline. Oxytocin correlated with parent-child social synchrony in both groups. Conclusions Oxytocin dysfunction in ASD is observed in early childhood. The quick improvement in oxytocin production following parent-child contact underscores the malleability of the system and charts future directions for attachment-based behavioural and pharmacological interventions. C1 [Feldman, Ruth; Golan, Ofer; Hirschler-Guttenberg, Yael; Ostfeld-Etzion, Sharon; Zagoory-Sharon, Orna] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Feldman, Ruth; Golan, Ofer; Hirschler-Guttenberg, Yael; Ostfeld-Etzion, Sharon; Zagoory-Sharon, Orna] Bar Ilan Univ, Gonda Brain Sci Ctr, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Feldman, R (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM feldman@mail.biu.ac.il FU German-Israeli Science Foundation [1114-101.4/2010]; Irving B. Harris Foundation; US-Israeli Bi-National Science Foundation; Association for Children at Risk, Israel FX The study was supported by the German-Israeli Science Foundation (1114-101.4/2010), the Irving B. Harris Foundation, the US-Israeli Bi-National Science Foundation, and the Association for Children at Risk, Israel. 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J. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 205 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.137513 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM7CR UT WOS:000340022800007 PM 24855128 ER PT J AU Kwon, DY Zhou, ZL AF Kwon, Deborah Y. Zhou, Zhaolan TI Trapping MBD5 to understand 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome SO EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AB Despite genetic evidence implicating MBD5 as the only overlapping gene between various 2q23.1 microdeletions, the function of MBD5 and its causality to 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome, a disorder characterized by developmental delay and autistic features, has yet to be determined. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Camarena etal generate an Mbd5 gene-trap mouse model and show for the first time that mice with reduced MBD5 expression develop behavioral abnormalities with neuronal function deficits, mimicking symptoms in 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome, thus supporting a causal role for MBD5 haploinsufficiency in the disorder. C1 [Kwon, Deborah Y.; Zhou, Zhaolan] Univ Penn, Dept Genet, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kwon, DY (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Genet, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 8 BP 993 EP 994 DI 10.15252/emmm.201404324 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA AN2LN UT WOS:000340416800001 PM 25001217 ER PT J AU Camarena, V Cao, L Abad, C Abrams, A Toledo, Y Araki, K Araki, M Walz, K Young, JI AF Camarena, Vladimir Cao, Lei Abad, Clemer Abrams, Alexander Toledo, Yaima Araki, Kimi Araki, Masatake Walz, Katherina Young, Juan I. TI Disruption of Mbd5 in mice causes neuronal functional deficits and neurobehavioral abnormalities consistent with 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome SO EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; intellectual disability; MBD5; mouse model ID IMPAIRED SOCIAL-INTERACTION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; BINDING DOMAIN; MOUSE MODELS; GENE; FEATURES; MUTATIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, motor delay, autistic-like behaviors, and a distinctive craniofacial phenotype. All patients carry a partial or total deletion of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 5 (MBD5), suggesting that haploinsufficiency of this gene is responsible for the phenotype. To confirm this hypothesis and to examine the role of MBD5 in vivo, we have generated and characterized an Mbd5 gene-trap mouse model. Our study indicates that the Mbd5(+/GT) mouse model recapitulates most of the hallmark phenotypes observed in 2q23.1 deletion carriers including abnormal social behavior, cognitive impairment, and motor and craniofacial abnormalities. In addition, neuronal cultures uncovered a deficiency in neurite outgrowth. These findings support a causal role of MBD5 in 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome and suggest a role for MBD5 in neuronal processes. The Mbd5(+/GT) mouse model will advance our understanding of the abnormal brain development underlying the emergence of 2q23.1 deletion-associated behavioral and cognitive symptoms. C1 [Camarena, Vladimir; Cao, Lei; Abrams, Alexander; Toledo, Yaima; Walz, Katherina; Young, Juan I.] Univ Miami, Dept Human Genet, John T Macdonald Fdn, Miami, FL USA. [Abad, Clemer; Walz, Katherina; Young, Juan I.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Araki, Kimi; Araki, Masatake] Kumamoto Univ, Inst Resource Dev & Anal, Kumamoto, Japan. RP Young, JI (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Human Genet, John T Macdonald Fdn, Miami, FL USA. EM jyoung3@med.miami.edu FU Le Jerome Lejeune Foundation FX We thank Alison Castle for technical assistance. This study was supported in part by Le Jerome Lejeune Foundation. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1003 EP 1015 DI 10.15252/emmm.201404044 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA AN2LN UT WOS:000340416800003 PM 25001218 ER PT J AU Busquets-Garcia, A Maldonado, R Ozaita, A AF Busquets-Garcia, Arnau Maldonado, Rafael Ozaita, Andres TI New insights into the molecular pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome and therapeutic perspectives from the animal model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Fragile X syndrome; mGluR5; Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Endocannabinoid system; CB1 cannabinoid receptor; Intellectual disability; Anxiety; Epilepsy; Nociception ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MOUSE MODEL; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM; AUDIOGENIC-SEIZURES AB Fragile X syndrome is the most common monogenetic form of intellectual disability and is a leading cause of autism. This syndrome is produced by the reduced transcription of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene, and it is characterized by a range of symptoms heterogeneously expressed in patients such as cognitive impairment, seizure susceptibility, altered pain sensitivity and anxiety. The recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved have opened novel potential therapeutic approaches identified in preclinical rodent models as a necessary preliminary step for the subsequent evaluation in patients. Among those possible therapeutic approaches, the modulation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling or the GABA receptor signaling have focused most of the attention. New findings in the animal models open other possible therapeutic approaches such as the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway or the endocannabinoid system. This review summarizes the emerging data recently obtained in preclinical models of fragile X syndrome supporting these new therapeutic perspectives. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Busquets-Garcia, Arnau; Maldonado, Rafael; Ozaita, Andres] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Ciencies Expt & Salut, Barcelona 08003, Spain. RP Ozaita, A (reprint author), Univ Pompeu Fabra, Fac Ciencies Salut & Vida, Lab Neurofarmacol, Parc Recerca Biomed Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain. EM andres.ozaita@upf.edu RI Maldonado, Rafael/F-5657-2014 OI Maldonado, Rafael/0000-0002-4359-8773 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura; "Investments for the future" Programme IdEx Bordeaux, French National Research Agency [ANR-10-IDEX-03-02]; FRAXA Research Foundation; Jerome Lejeune Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [BFU2012-33500, SAF2011-29864]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [RD06/0001/0001]; PLANE (Plan Espanol para el Estimulo de la Economia y el Empleo); Generalitat de Catalunya [SGR-2009-00731]; ICREA (Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats) Academia FX AB-G was recipient of a predoctoral fellowship (Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura) and supported by "Investments for the future" Programme IdEx Bordeaux (ANR-10-IDEX-03-02, French National Research Agency). Related research on the subject was supported by grants from FRAXA Research Foundation (A.O.), Jerome Lejeune Foundation (A.O.), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (#BFU2012-33500 to A.O., #SAF2011-29864 to R.M.); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD06/0001/0001 to R.M.); PLANE (Plan Espanol para el Estimulo de la Economia y el Empleo); Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR-2009-00731 to R.M.); ICREA (Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats) Academia to R.M. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.004 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AN1KE UT WOS:000340340400015 PM 24831882 ER PT J AU Wei, HG Alberts, I Li, XH AF Wei, Hongen Alberts, Ian Li, Xiaohong TI The apoptotic perspective of autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Apoptosis; Protein; Signaling pathway; Mechanism ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; HEPATOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; MET TYROSINE KINASE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; C-MET; NEURONAL APOPTOSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive behavior and restricted interests. The normal brain development during fetal brain development and the first year of life is critical to the behaviors and cognitions in adulthood. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an important mechanism that determines the size and shape of the brain and regulates the proper wiring of developing neuronal networks. Pathological activation of apoptotic death pathways under pathological conditions may lead to neuroanatomic abnormalities and possibly to developmental disabilities. It has been demonstrated a possible association between neural cell death and autism. Here, the abnormal apoptosis found in autism from postmortem and animal studies was reviewed and the possible mechanism was discussed. (C) 2014 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wei, Hongen] Shanxi Med Univ, Shanxi Prov Peoples Hosp, Cent Lab, Taiyuan 030012, Peoples R China. [Alberts, Ian] CUNY, LaGuardia CC, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 11101 USA. [Li, Xiaohong] NY State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Neurochem, New York, NY 10314 USA. RP Wei, HG (reprint author), Shanxi Med Univ, Shanxi Prov Peoples Hosp, Cent Lab, 29 Shuangta Rd, Taiyuan 030012, Peoples R China. EM hongenwei@gmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [81201061]; Shanxi Scholarship Council of China [2013-124]; Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi [2013021036-2] FX This work was supported by grants to H. Wei from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81201061), Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2013-124) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi (No. 2013021036-2). 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.04.004 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN1JW UT WOS:000340339600003 PM 24798024 ER PT J AU Knoth, IS Vannasing, P Major, P Michaud, JL Lippe, S AF Knoth, Inga Sophia Vannasing, Phetsamone Major, Philippe Michaud, Jacques L. Lippe, Sarah TI Alterations of visual and auditory evoked potentials in fragile X syndrome SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragile X syndrome; Intellectual disability; Autism; Sensory information processing; Auditory evoked potential; Visual evoked potential ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; AUTISM; INHIBITION; MATURATION; DISORDERS; FIELDS; ADULTS; ALPHA AB Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenic form of intellectual disability and one of the few known monogenic causes of autism. It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 ('Fragile X Mental Retardation 1') gene, which prevents expression of the 'Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein' (FMRP). In FXS, the absence of FMRP leads to altered structural and functional development of the synapse, while preventing activity-based synapse maturation and synaptic pruning, which are essential for normal brain development and cognitive development. Possible impairments in information processing can be non-invasively investigated using electrophysiology. Methods: We compared auditory (AEP) and visual (VEP) evoked potentials in twelve adolescents and young adults (10-22 years) affected by FXS to healthy controls matched by chronological age (N = 12) and developmental age of cognitive functioning (N = 9; 5-7 years), using analysis of variance. Results: In the visual modality, the N70 and N2 amplitude have been found increased in FXS in comparison. to the chronological, but not the developmental control group at occipital sites, whereas in the auditory modality N1, P2 and N2 amplitude as well as N2 latency have been found increased in FXS, relative to both chronological and developmental control groups at mid-central sites. Conclusions: The AEP/VEP profile suggests disruptions in sensory processing specific to FXS that exceed immaturity of physiological activity. In addition, the auditory modality seems to be more affected than the visual modality. Results are discussed in light of possible underlying neuronal mechanisms, including deficits in synaptic pruning and neuronal inhibition that might account for a hyperreactive nervous system in FXS. (C) 2014 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Knoth, Inga Sophia; Vannasing, Phetsamone; Major, Philippe; Michaud, Jacques L.; Lippe, Sarah] Univ Montreal, CHU Ste Justine, Mother & Child Univ Hosp Ctr, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. [Knoth, Inga Sophia; Lippe, Sarah] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. [Knoth, Inga Sophia; Lippe, Sarah] Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Neuropsychol & Cognit, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. RP Knoth, IS (reprint author), Univ Montreal, CHU Ste Justine, Mother & Child Univ Hosp Ctr, Res Ctr, 3175 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. EM Inga.Knoth@umontreal.ca FU Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada [12112] FX This research was supported by a Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada grant to Sarah Lippe 12112. We thank Domitille Malfait for carrying out the neuropsychological evaluation of most of the patients and Patricia Laniel and Maude Joannette for their help in the acquisition of EEG data. We thank language editor J. Arthur White for significantly revising the manuscript. 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.003 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN1JW UT WOS:000340339600013 PM 24875778 ER PT J AU Barak, N Deutsch, D Shapiro, A Gordon, G Assa, E Oram, T Yizhar, O Ahissar, E Kimchi, T AF Barak, N. Deutsch, D. Shapiro, A. Gordon, G. Assa, E. Oram, T. Yizhar, O. Ahissar, E. Kimchi, T. TI High resolution analysis of sniffing-whisking patterns during object-approach in autism-related mouse models SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience C1 [Barak, N.; Deutsch, D.; Shapiro, A.; Gordon, G.; Assa, E.; Oram, T.; Yizhar, O.; Ahissar, E.; Kimchi, T.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-7610001 Rehovot, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000020 ER PT J AU Dinstein, I AF Dinstein, I TI Studying the anatomy and neurophysiology of autism SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000088 ER PT J AU Eisen, A Frumin, I Rozenkrantz, L Weissbrod, A Yoran-Hegesh, R Zachor, D Sobel, N AF Eisen, A. Frumin, I Rozenkrantz, L. Weissbrod, A. Yoran-Hegesh, R. Zachor, D. Sobel, N. TI Altered chemosignaling in young adults with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience C1 [Eisen, A.; Frumin, I; Rozenkrantz, L.; Weissbrod, A.; Sobel, N.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Zachor, D.] Asaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Autism Ctr, Zerifin, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S39 EP S40 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000097 ER PT J AU Haar, S Berman, S Behrmann, M Dinstein, I AF Haar, S. Berman, S. Behrmann, M. Dinstein, I TI Anatomical MRI findings in autism are likely to be of low clinical and scientific significance SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience C1 [Haar, S.; Dinstein, I] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Haar, S.; Berman, S.; Dinstein, I] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Zlotowski Ctr Neurosci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Berman, S.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Ind Engn & Management, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Behrmann, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Dinstein, I] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Psychol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000151 ER PT J AU Kay, M Wagner, S AF Kay, M. Wagner, S. TI Analysis of social behavior deficits in a rat model of autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience C1 [Kay, M.; Wagner, S.] Univ Haifa, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S67 EP S68 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000175 ER PT J AU Kipnis, J AF Kipnis, J. TI Microglia and other tissue resident macrophages in tissue maintenance: phagocytic activity and autism SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience C1 [Kipnis, J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Neurosci, Ctr Brain Immunol & Glia BIG, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S70 EP S70 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000183 ER PT J AU Rozenkrantz, L Heller, I Plotkin, A Weissbrod, A Zachor, D Sobel, N AF Rozenkrantz, L. Heller, I Plotkin, A. Weissbrod, A. Zachor, D. Sobel, N. TI An altered olfactory profile in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience C1 [Rozenkrantz, L.; Heller, I; Plotkin, A.; Weissbrod, A.; Sobel, N.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Zachor, D.] Autism Ctr, Asaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Zerifin, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S108 EP S109 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000288 ER PT J AU Valtorta, F Benfenati, F AF Valtorta, F. Benfenati, F. TI The synapsins: from organization of synaptic terminals to epilepsy, autism and intellectual disability SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Israel-Society-for-Neuroscience (ISFN) / 2nd Bi National Italy-Israel Neuroscience Meeting CY DEC 14-17, 2013 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Israel Soc Neuroscience C1 [Valtorta, F.] San Raffaele Vita Salute Univ, Milan, Italy. [Valtorta, F.] Ist Sci San Raffaele, Div Neurosci, I-20132 Milan, Italy. [Benfenati, F.] Italian Inst Technol, Genoa, Italy. [Benfenati, F.] Univ Genoa, Sch Med, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0895-8696 EI 1559-1166 J9 J MOL NEUROSCI JI J. Mol. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 SU 1 BP S127 EP S127 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN3GN UT WOS:000340474000340 ER PT J AU Gringras, P Green, D Wright, B Rush, C Sparrowhawk, M Pratt, K Allgar, V Hooke, N Moore, D Zaiwalla, Z Wiggs, L AF Gringras, Paul Green, Dido Wright, Barry Rush, Carla Sparrowhawk, Masako Pratt, Karen Allgar, Victoria Hooke, Naomi Moore, Danielle Zaiwalla, Zenobia Wiggs, Luci TI Weighted Blankets and Sleep in Autistic Children-A Randomized Controlled Trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; severe sleep problems; weighted blankets; total sleep time; children ID DISORDERS; MELATONIN AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a weighted-blanket intervention in treating severe sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: This phase III trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design. Participants were aged between 5 years and 16 years 10 months, with a confirmed ASD diagnosis and severe sleep problems, refractory to community-based interventions. The interventions were either a commercially available weighted blanket or otherwise identical usual weight blanket (control), introduced at bedtime; each was used for a 2-week period before crossover to the other blanket. Primary outcome was total sleep time (TST) recorded by actigraphy over each 2-week period. Secondary outcomes included actigraphically recorded sleep-onset latency, sleep efficiency, assessments of child behavior, family functioning, and adverse events. Sleep was also measured by using parent-report diaries. RESULTS: Seventy-three children were randomized and analysis conducted on 67 children who completed the study. Using objective measures, the weighted blanket, compared with the control blanket, did not increase TST as measured by actigraphy and adjusted for baseline TST. There were no group differences in any other objective or subjective measure of sleep, including behavioral outcomes. On subjective preference measures, parents and children favored the weighted blanket. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a weighted blanket did not help children with ASD sleep for a longer period of time, fall asleep significantly faster, or wake less often. However, the weighted blanket was favored by children and parents, and blankets were well tolerated over this period. C1 [Gringras, Paul; Rush, Carla; Pratt, Karen] St Thomas Hosp, Evelina Childrens Hosp, London SE1 7EH, England. [Green, Dido] Oxford Brookes Univ, Ctr Rehabil, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Sparrowhawk, Masako; Allgar, Victoria; Wiggs, Luci] Oxford Brookes Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. [Wright, Barry; Hooke, Naomi; Moore, Danielle] Lime Trees Child & Family Unit, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Zaiwalla, Zenobia] John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Gringras, P (reprint author), St Thomas Hosp, Evelina Childrens Hosp, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, England. EM paul.gringras@gstt.nhs.uk FU Research Autism; Waterloo Foundation; Baily Thomas Charitable Foundation FX Supported by Research Autism, the Waterloo Foundation, and the Baily Thomas Charitable Foundation. CR Aman M., 1986, ABERRANT BEHAV CHECK Aman M., 1994, ABERRANT BEHAV CHECK Ayres A. 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Das, Lopamudra Raaen, Laura Smith, Alexandria Chari, Ramya Newberry, Sydne Shanman, Roberta Perry, Tanja Goetz, Matthew Bidwell Gidengil, Courtney TI Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization of US Children: A Systematic Review SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE evidence-based medicine; vaccine/immunization; infectious disease ID HUMAN ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; CONJUGATE VACCINE; DOUBLE-BLIND; DATALINK PROJECT; HEALTHY INFANTS; UNITED-STATES; THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; POSTMARKETING EVALUATION AB BACKGROUND: Concerns about vaccine safety have led some parents to decline recommended vaccination of their children, leading to the resurgence of diseases. Reassurance of vaccine safety remains critical for population health. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the safety of routine vaccines recommended for children in the United States. METHODS: Data sources included PubMed, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices statements, package inserts, existing reviews, manufacturer information packets, and the 2011 Institute of Medicine consensus report on vaccine safety. We augmented the Institute of Medicine report with more recent studies and increased the scope to include more vaccines. Only studies that used active surveillance and had a control mechanism were included. Formulations not used in the United States were excluded. Adverse events and patient and vaccine characteristics were abstracted. Adverse event collection and reporting was evaluated by using the McHarm scale. We were unable to pool results. Strength of evidence was rated as high, moderate, low, or insufficient. RESULTS: Of 20 478 titles identified, 67 were included. Strength of evidence was high for measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) vaccine and febrile seizures; the varicella vaccine was associated with complications in immunodeficient individuals. There is strong evidence that MMR vaccine is not associated with autism. There is moderate evidence that rotavirus vaccines are associated with intussusception. Limitations of the study include that the majority of studies did not investigate or identify risk factors for AEs; and the severity of AEs was inconsistently reported. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence that some vaccines are associated with serious AEs; however, these events are extremely rare and must be weighed against the protective benefits that vaccines provide. C1 [Maglione, Margaret A.; Das, Lopamudra; Raaen, Laura; Smith, Alexandria; Chari, Ramya; Newberry, Sydne; Shanman, Roberta; Perry, Tanja; Gidengil, Courtney] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Goetz, Matthew Bidwell] Univ Calif Los Angeles, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Goetz, Matthew Bidwell] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gidengil, Courtney] Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. 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10.1542/peds.2014-1079 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AN0HS UT WOS:000340266000059 PM 25086160 ER PT J AU Dykens, EM Fisher, MH Taylor, JL Lambert, W Miodrag, N AF Dykens, Elisabeth M. Fisher, Marisa H. Taylor, Julie Lounds Lambert, Warren Miodrag, Nancy TI Reducing Distress in Mothers of Children With Autism and Other Disabilities: A Randomized Trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; developmental disabilities; maternal stress and mental health; mindfulness based stress reduction; positive psychology ID POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY INTERVENTIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; PARENTING STRESS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; MENTAL-HEALTH; METAANALYSIS; MINDFULNESS; VALIDATION AB BACKGROUND: Compared with other parents, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder or other neurodevelopmental disabilities experience more stress, illness, and psychiatric problems. Although the cumulative stress and disease burden of these mothers is exceptionally high, and associated with poorer outcomes in children, policies and practices primarily serve the identified child with disabilities. METHODS: A total of 243 mothers of children with disabilities were consented and randomized into either Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (mindfulness practice) or Positive Adult Development (positive psychology practice). Well-trained, supervised peer mentors led 6 weeks of group treatments in 1.5-hour weekly sessions, assessing mothers 6 times before, during, and up to 6 months after treatment. Mothers had children with autism (65%) or other disabilities (35%). At baseline, 85% of this community sample had significantly elevated stress, 48% were clinically depressed, and 41% had anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Using slopes-as-outcomes, mixed random effects models, both treatments led to significant reductions in stress, depression, and anxiety, and improved sleep and life satisfaction, with large effects in depression and anxiety. Mothers in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction versus Positive Adult Development had greater improvements in anxiety, depression, sleep, and well-being. Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder improved less in anxiety, but did not otherwise differ from their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies are warranted on how trained mentors and professionals can address the unmet mental health needs of mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Doing so improves maternal wellbeing and furthers their long-term caregiving of children with complex developmental, physical, and behavioral needs. C1 [Dykens, Elisabeth M.; Fisher, Marisa H.; Taylor, Julie Lounds; Lambert, Warren] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.; Fisher, Marisa H.; Taylor, Julie Lounds; Lambert, Warren] Vanderbilt Univ, Univ Ctr Excellence Dev Disabil, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.; Taylor, Julie Lounds] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Miodrag, Nancy] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Child & Adolescent Dev, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Dykens, EM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, 1 Magnolia Circle,Peabody Box 40, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM Elisabeth.dykens@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [5RC1AT005612]; NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P30HD015052]; NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1TR000445]; National Institute of Mental Health [K01MH92598]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine grant 5RC1AT005612 to the first author, and used core research services provided by NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant P30HD015052 to the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences award UL1TR000445 to Vanderbilt University. Dr Taylor's participation was supported by K01MH92598, National Institute of Mental Health. 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D., 2003, APPL LONGITUDINAL DA Tang YY, 2013, SOC COGN AFFECT NEUR, V8, P1, DOI 10.1093/scan/nss104 Taylor JL, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1411, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1375-x Wickramaratne P, 2011, AM J PSYCHIAT, V168, P593, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10010032 NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 134 IS 2 BP E454 EP E463 DI 10.1542/peds.2013-3164 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AN0HS UT WOS:000340266000017 PM 25049350 ER PT J AU Cheak-Zamora, NC Farmer, JE Mayfield, WA Clark, MJ Marvin, AR Law, JK Law, PA AF Cheak-Zamora, Nancy C. Farmer, Janet E. Mayfield, Wayne A. Clark, Mary J. Marvin, Alison R. Law, J. Kiely Law, Paul A. TI Health Care Transition Services for Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; adolescence; health care services; health care transition ID UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; MEDICAL HOME; UNMET NEEDS; DSM-IV; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; FAMILY; PERSPECTIVES; INDIVIDUALS AB Objective: Little is known about accessibility to health care transition (HCT) services (HCT) for youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study examined how often youth with ASD receive HCT services and how access varied by individual, family, and health system characteristics. Method: Questionnaires were completed by 101 parents of youth with ASD (ages 12-17 years) enrolled in a national online autism registry. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to examine a composite HCT variable and its components. Results: Fewer than 15% of youth received HCT services. Although 41% received at least 1 HCT discussion, only 3% received all 3. One-quarter had a discussion with their health care provider about transitioning to an adult provider, adult health care needs, or insurance retention, and 31% of providers encouraged youth to take on more responsibilities. Most caregivers reported not needing 1 or more of the discussions. Results varied significantly when the sample was divided by age, with older youth more likely to have received transition services than younger adolescents. Conclusions: These findings indicate a significant disparity in access to HCT services for youth with ASD. Further research is needed to understand this disparity and develop interventions to improve HCT both for youth with ASD and those with other disabling health conditions. Additionally, many caregivers do not recognize the importance of HCT services. Education and training for caregivers, youth, and providers is essential to ensure all parties are working together to address transition issues early and often. C1 [Cheak-Zamora, Nancy C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Farmer, Janet E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Psychol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mayfield, Wayne A.] Univ Missouri, Off Social & Econ Data Anal, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Clark, Mary J.] Univ Missouri, Atkins Wellness Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Marvin, Alison R.; Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cheak-Zamora, NC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 510 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. 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Psychol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1037/a0036725 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AN2RH UT WOS:000340432500011 PM 25019309 ER PT J AU Telias, M Ben-Yosef, D AF Telias, Michael Ben-Yosef, Dalit TI Modeling Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells SO STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Human pluripotent stem cells; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Disease models; Neural differentiation; Electrophysiology ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; LESCH-NYHAN-SYNDROME; PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS; IPSC-DERIVED NEURONS; DOWN-SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME; IN-VITRO AB Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are impairments that affect the development and growth of the brain and the central nervous system during embryonic and early postnatal life. Genetically manipulated animals have contributed greatly to the advancement of ND research, but many of them differ considerably from the human phenotype. Cellular in vitro models are also valuable, but the availability of human neuronal cells is limited and their lifespan in culture is short. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, comprise a powerful tool for studying developmentally regulated diseases, including NDs. We reviewed all recent studies in which hPSCs were used as in vitro models for diseases and syndromes characterized by impairment of neurogenesis or synaptogenesis leading to intellectual disability and delayed neurodevelopment. We analyzed their methodology and results, focusing on the data obtained following in vitro neural differentiation and gene expression and profiling of the derived neurons. Electrophysiological recording of action potentials, synaptic currents and response to neurotransmitters is pivotal for validation of the neuronal fate as well as for assessing phenotypic dysfunctions linked to the disease in question. We therefore focused on the studies which included electrophysiological recordings on the in vitro-derived neurons. Finally, we addressed specific issues that are critical for the advancement of this area of research, specifically in providing a reliable human pre-clinical research model and drug screening platform. C1 [Telias, Michael; Ben-Yosef, Dalit] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med,Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Racine IVF Unit,Lis Matern Hosp, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Ben-Yosef, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med,Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Racine IVF Unit,Lis Matern Hosp, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM dalitb@tlvmc.gov.il FU NNE-Teva scholarship; Tel-Aviv Medical Center FX We thank Prof. Menahem Segal from the Department of Neurobiology at Weizmann Institute of Science, and Dr. Mira Malcov and Dr. Yael Kalma from the Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab at Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, for critical reading of the manuscript. Esther Eshkol is thanked for editorial assistance. This study was supported by NNE-Teva scholarship (M. Telias) and Tel-Aviv Medical Center (D. Ben-Yosef). 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Rep. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 494 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s12015-014-9507-2 PG 18 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AN3SZ UT WOS:000340510300005 PM 24728983 ER PT J AU Balestrieri, E Pitzianti, M Matteucci, C D'Agati, E Sorrentino, R Baratta, A Caterina, R Zenobi, R Curatolo, P Garaci, E Sinibaldi-Vallebona, P Pasini, A AF Balestrieri, Emanuela Pitzianti, Mariabernarda Matteucci, Claudia D'Agati, Elisa Sorrentino, Roberta Baratta, Antonia Caterina, Rosa Zenobi, Rossella Curatolo, Paolo Garaci, Enrico Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Paola Pasini, Augusto TI Human endogenous retroviruses and ADHD SO WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Human endogenous retrovirus; HERV-H; ADHD; neurodevelopmental diseases; peripheral blood mononuclear cells ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RISK-FACTORS; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; GENE; DISCORDANCE; COMORBIDITY; SYMPTOMS AB Objectives. Several lines of evidences suggest that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are implicated in the development of many complex diseases with a multifactorial aetiology and a strong heritability, such as neurological and psychiatric diseases. Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from a complex interaction of environmental, biological and genetic factors. Our aim was to analyse the expression levels of three HERV families (HERV-H, K and W) in patients with ADHD. Methods. The expression of retroviral mRNAs from the three HERV families was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 patients with ADHD and 30 healthy controls by quantitative RT-PCR. Results. The expression levels of HERV-H are significantly higher in patients with ADHD compared to healthy controls, while there are no differences in the expression levels of HERV-K and W. Conclusions. Since the ADHD aetiology is due to a complex interaction of environmental, biological and genetic factors, HERVs may represent one link among these factors and clinical phenotype of ADHD. A future confirmation of HERV-H overexpression in a larger number of ADHD patients will make possible to identify it as a new parameter for this clinical condition, also contributing to deepen the study on the role of HERVs in the neurodevelopment diseases. C1 [Balestrieri, Emanuela; Matteucci, Claudia; Sorrentino, Roberta; Zenobi, Rossella; Garaci, Enrico; Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Paola] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Surg, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Pitzianti, Mariabernarda; D'Agati, Elisa; Baratta, Antonia; Caterina, Rosa; Curatolo, Paolo; Pasini, Augusto] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Unit Child Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neurosci, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Pasini, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Unit Child Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neurosci, Viale Oxford 81, I-00133 Rome, Italy. 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Biol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.3109/15622975.2013.862345 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AN3GM UT WOS:000340473900009 PM 24286278 ER PT J AU von Morgenstern, SB Becker, I Sinzig, J AF von Morgenstern, Sophie Beyer Becker, Ingrid Sinzig, Judith TI Improvement of facial affect recognition in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder under methylphenidate SO ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA LA English DT Article DE ADHD; affect recognition; facial affect recognition; methylphenidate ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS; ENDOPHENOTYPE CONCEPT; ADHD; DOPAMINE; AUTISM; MIND; GENE; PREVALENCE AB Introduction and Hypothesis: Some authors draw a connection between the dopaminergic pathways and emotional perception. The present study is based on that association and addresses the question whether methylphenidate and the resulting amelioration of the disturbed dopamine metabolism lead to an improvement of the facial affect recognition abilities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A computer test was conducted on 21 participants, aged 7-14 years and with a diagnosis of ADHD - some with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder - conducted the FEFA (Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect), a computer test to examine their facial affect recognition abilities. It consists of two subtests, one with faces and one with eye pairs. All participants were tested in a double-blind cross-over study, once under placebo and once under methylphenidate. Results and Discussion: The collected data showed that methylphenidate leads to amelioration of facial affect recognition abilities, but not on a significant level. Reasons for missing significance may be the small sample size or the fact that there exists some overlapping in cerebral connections and metabolic pathways of the site of action of methylphenidate and the affected dopaminergic areas in ADHD. However, consistent with the endophenotype concept, certain gene locations of the dopaminergic metabolism as both an aetiological factor for ADHD and the deficient facial affect recognition abilities with these individuals were considered. Consulting current literature they were found to be not concordant. Therefore, we conclude that the lacking significance of the methylphenidate affect on facial affect recognition is based on this fact. C1 [von Morgenstern, Sophie Beyer] Childrens Hosp Dritter Orden, Dept Paediat Surg, Munich, Germany. [Becker, Ingrid] Univ Cologne, Inst Med Stat Informat & Epidemiol, Munich, Germany. [Sinzig, Judith] LVR Hosp Bonn, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bonn, Germany. RP von Morgenstern, SB (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 77 IS 8 BP 434 EP 435 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AN1LR UT WOS:000340345700012 ER PT J AU Kyriakopoulou, V Vatansever, D Elkommos, S Dawson, S McGuinness, A Allsop, J Molnar, Z Hajnal, J Rutherford, M AF Kyriakopoulou, Vanessa Vatansever, Deniz Elkommos, Samia Dawson, Sarah McGuinness, Amy Allsop, Joanna Molnar, Zoltan Hajnal, Joseph Rutherford, Mary TI Cortical Overgrowth in Fetuses With Isolated Ventriculomegaly SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE brain; development; magnetic resonance imaging ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; IN-UTERO; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH-PATTERNS; HUMAN NEOCORTEX; FETAL; CHILDREN; AUTISM; CORTEX; VOLUME AB Mild cerebral ventricular enlargement is associated with schizophrenia, autism, epilepsy, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Fetal ventriculomegaly is the most common central nervous system (CNS) abnormality affecting 1% of fetuses and is associated with cognitive, language, and behavioral impairments in childhood. Neurodevelopmental outcome is partially predictable by the 2-dimensional size of the ventricles in the absence of other abnormalities. We hypothesized that isolated fetal ventriculomegaly is a marker of altered brain development characterized by relative overgrowth and aimed to quantify brain growth using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly. Fetal brain MRI (1.5 T) was performed in 60 normal fetuses and 65 with isolated ventriculomegaly, across a gestational age range of 22-38 weeks. Volumetric analysis of the ventricles and supratentorial brain structures was performed on 3-dimensional reconstructed datasets. Fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly had increased brain parenchyma volumes when compared with the control cohort (9.6%, P < 0.0001) with enlargement restricted to the cortical gray matter (17.2%, P = 0.002). The extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid and third and fourth ventricles were also enlarged. White matter, basal ganglia, and thalamic volumes were not significantly different between cohorts. The presence of relative cortical overgrowth in fetuses with ventriculomegaly may represent the neurobiological substrate for cognitive, language, and behavioral deficits in these children. C1 [Kyriakopoulou, Vanessa; Allsop, Joanna; Hajnal, Joseph; Rutherford, Mary] Kings Coll London, St Thomas Hosp, Ctr Developing Brain Perinatal Imaging & Hlth, London SE1 7EH, England. [Kyriakopoulou, Vanessa; Vatansever, Deniz; Elkommos, Samia; Dawson, Sarah; McGuinness, Amy; Allsop, Joanna; Hajnal, Joseph; Rutherford, Mary] Kings Coll London, Hammersmith Hosp, Ctr Developing Brain, London SE1 7EH, England. [Molnar, Zoltan] Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford, England. RP Rutherford, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, St Thomas Hosp, Ctr Developing Brain Perinatal Imaging & Hlth, 1st Floor South Wing, London SE1 7EH, England. EM mary.rutherford@kcl.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council (UK); Biomedical Research Centre FX This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (UK) and the Biomedical Research Centre. 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Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP 232 EP 247 DI 10.3109/10408363.2014.901291 PG 16 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA AN0FN UT WOS:000340259400003 PM 24813330 ER PT J AU King, G Chiarello, L AF King, Gillian Chiarello, Lisa TI Family-Centered Care for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Conceptual and Practical Considerations to Advance Care and Practice SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review DE family-centered care; disability; childhood; service delivery; pediatric neurology ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HEALTH-CARE; PEDIATRIC REHABILITATION; OCCUPATIONAL-THERAPY; AMERICAN-ACADEMY; SERVICE DELIVERY; INTERVENTION; DISABILITIES; PARENTS; PERSPECTIVES AB This article focuses on conceptual and practical considerations in family-centered care for children with cerebral palsy and their families. In the last 5 years, there have been important advances in our understanding of the components of family-centered care, and initial attempts to understand the client change processes at play. Recent research elaborates on family-centered care by delving into aspects of family-provider partnership, and applying family-centered principles to organizational service delivery to bring about organizational cultures of family-centered care. Recent research has also begun to consider mediators of client change, and new practice models have been proposed that embrace family-centered principles and illustrate the "art" of practice. Future research directions are discussed, including explorations of causal relationships between family-centered care principles, elements of caregiving practice, client change processes, and child and family outcomes. The meaning of the recent literature for pediatric neurology practice is considered. 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Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 8 SI SI BP 1046 EP 1054 DI 10.1177/0883073814533009 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA AM8ZG UT WOS:000340167900014 PM 24810084 ER PT J AU Spotorno, N Noveck, IA AF Spotorno, Nicola Noveck, Ira A. TI When Is Irony Effortful? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE attitude ascription; language processing; mindreading ID SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; AUTISM; MIND; METAANALYSIS; COGNITION; CONTEXT; SAMPLE; BRAIN; SAID AB Whereas some studies indicate that ironic- as opposed to literal - readings of utterances take longer to process, others indicate that the 2 are processed at comparable speeds. We propose that mindreading processes are at least partly responsible for the mixed results, as we present 3 experiments that include stories having a target utterance with either an Ironic or Literal reading. Experiment 1 replicates earlier findings (Spotorno, Koun, Prado, Van Der Henst, & Noveck, 2012) showing that ironic readings take longer than literal ones when fillers include decoys, stories that call for an ironic remark but present a banal utterance instead and thus diffuse participants' expectations for irony. Starting with Experiment 2, decoys are removed, leading to effects that are arguably revealing of Theory of Mind processes. One is an Early-Late effect, which occurs when ironic utterances are read as readily as literal ones in the 2nd half of an experimental session, creating "mixed" results in the laboratory. In Experiment 3, we further added antecedents before a critical event so that, later, the target utterance would be echoing an explicitly stated thought and would facilitate irony comprehension (Gibbs, 1986; Sperber & Wilson, 1981). Results reveal an Early-Late effect here, too. Further evidence of Theory of Mind activity follows from analyses of participants' Social Skill subscale scores in the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, & Clubley, 2001). Socially inclined participants are more likely than the socially disinclined to use a story's negative event to portend the arrival of an irony; in contrast, socially disinclined participants appear more reactive than the socially inclined to explicit antecedents. C1 [Spotorno, Nicola; Noveck, Ira A.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, L2C2, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Noveck, Ira A.] CRFJ, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Spotorno, N (reprint author), Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Penn Frontotemporal Degenerat Ctr, 3 West Gates,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Exp. Psychol.-Gen. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1649 EP 1665 DI 10.1037/a0036630 PG 17 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AN0TF UT WOS:000340296200017 PM 24773194 ER PT J AU Green, S Caplan, B Baker, B AF Green, S. Caplan, B. Baker, B. TI Maternal supportive and interfering control as predictors of adaptive and social development in children with and without developmental delays SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE control; developmental disabilities; interference; parenting ID BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PARENTING STRESS; COMPETENCE; DIRECTIVENESS; LANGUAGE; INFANTS; MOTHERS; AUTISM AB Background Parents of children with developmental delays (DD) have been found to use more controlling behaviour with their children than parents of children with typical development (TD). While controlling behaviour is related to poorer developmental outcomes in TD children, there is little research on how it predicts outcomes in DD children. Furthermore, existing research tends to use inconsistent or non-specific definitions of controlling behaviour, often combining parent control which follows the child's goal (e. g. supportive direction) and that which interferes with the child's goal (e. g. interference). Methods Participants were 200 mother-child dyads observed at child age 3, with follow-up assessments of adaptive behaviour and social skills administered at child ages 5 and 6, respectively. We coded the frequency of both types of controlling behaviour based on mothers' interactions with their children with TD (n = 113) or DD (n = 87) at age 3. Results Mothers in the DD group used more interfering but not more supportive directive acts compared to mothers in the TD group. Adaptive behaviour was assessed at child age 5 and social skills were assessed at age 6. Higher frequency of supportive directive acts predicted better adaptive functioning for the TD group and better social skills for the DD group. Higher frequency of interfering acts predicted lower adaptive and social skills for children with DD but not with TD. Conclusions Results are discussed in terms of the differential developmental needs of children with and without DD as well as implications for early intervention. C1 [Green, S.; Caplan, B.; Baker, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. RP Green, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. EM shulamite@ucla.edu CR Achenbach T. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 58 IS 8 BP 691 EP 703 DI 10.1111/jir.12064 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM7ZI UT WOS:000340087100001 PM 23865770 ER PT J AU Janes, E Riby, DM Rodgers, J AF Janes, E. Riby, D. M. Rodgers, J. TI Exploring the prevalence and phenomenology of repetitive behaviours and abnormal sensory processing in children with Williams Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE repetitive and restricted behaviours; sensory processing abnormalities; Williams Syndrome ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HYPERACUSIS; INTERVIEW; PHENOTYPE; ANXIETY; ADULTS; FEARS AB Background A small amount of research with individuals who have Williams Syndrome (WS) suggests that children with the condition may be vulnerable to sensory processing abnormalities and present with repetitive and restricted behaviours. Methods Parents of 21 children with WS aged 6-15 years completed a semi-structured interview designed to elicit the form, frequency, impact and developmental course of a range of sensory processing abnormalities and repetitive behaviours. Results Findings indicate that sensory processing difficulties are predominantly characterised by hypersensitivities, particularly in relation to vestibular, auditory, gustatory and proprioceptive functioning. Parents also reported the presence of a range of restricted and repetitive behaviours, which were often associated with their child's sensory symptoms. Conclusions This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of sensory functioning and repetitive behaviours in WS. It also highlights the need for a multidisciplinary assessment of the difficulties experienced by children with the disorder. C1 [Janes, E.; Rodgers, J.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Riby, D. M.] Univ Durham, Sch Psychol, Durham, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Rodgers, J (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ridley Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM jacqui.rodgers@newcastle.ac.uk CR Baker AEZ, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P867, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0459-0 Ben-Sasson A, 2008, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V49, P817, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01899.x Blomberg S, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P668, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.09.002 Bogdashina O, 2003, SENSORY PERCEPTUAL I Chen YH, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P635, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0663-6 Davies M, 1998, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V172, P273, DOI 10.1192/bjp.172.3.273 Dilts C V, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P126 Dunn W, 1999, SENSORY PROFILE USER Dykens EM, 2003, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V23, P291, DOI 10.1207/S15326942DN231&2_13 Gabriels R. L., 2005, U COL DENV HLTH SCI Gabriels RL, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P169, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.05.003 Gallo FJ, 2008, RES DEV DISABIL, V29, P567, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.09.003 GOSCH A, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V53, P335, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320530406 Honey E, 2012, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V6, P757, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.10.011 Janes E. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 58 IS 8 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1111/jir.12086 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AM7ZI UT WOS:000340087100005 PM 23962322 ER PT J AU Jamal, W Das, S Oprescu, IA Maharatna, K Apicella, F Sicca, F AF Jamal, Wasifa Das, Saptarshi Oprescu, Ioana-Anastasia Maharatna, Koushik Apicella, Fabio Sicca, Federico TI Classification of autism spectrum disorder using supervised learning of brain connectivity measures extracted from synchrostates SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder (ASD); brain connectivity; complex network; classification; synchrostate ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; EEG; SYNCHRONIZATION; CORTEX AB Objective. The paper investigates the presence of autism using the functional brain connectivity measures derived from electro-encephalogram (EEG) of children during face perception tasks. Approach. Phase synchronized patterns from 128-channel EEG signals are obtained for typical children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The phase synchronized states or synchrostates temporally switch amongst themselves as an underlying process for the completion of a particular cognitive task. We used 12 subjects in each group (ASD and typical) for analyzing their EEG while processing fearful, happy and neutral faces. The minimal and maximally occurring synchrostates for each subject are chosen for extraction of brain connectivity features, which are used for classification between these two groups of subjects. Among different supervised learning techniques, we here explored the discriminant analysis and support vector machine both with polynomial kernels for the classification task. Main results. The leave one out cross-validation of the classification algorithm gives 94.7% accuracy as the best performance with corresponding sensitivity and specificity values as 85.7% and 100% respectively. Significance. The proposed method gives high classification accuracies and outperforms other contemporary research results. The effectiveness of the proposed method for classification of autistic and typical children suggests the possibility of using it on a larger population to validate it for clinical practice. C1 [Jamal, Wasifa; Das, Saptarshi; Oprescu, Ioana-Anastasia; Maharatna, Koushik] Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Apicella, Fabio; Sicca, Federico] IRCCS Stella Maris Fdn, Pisa, Calambrone, Italy. RP Jamal, W (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM wj4g08@ecs.soton.ac.uk; sd2a11@ecs.soton.ac.uk; io1g10@ecs.soton.ac.uk; km3@ecs.soton.ac.uk; fabio.apicella@fsm.unipi.it; fsicca@fsm.unipi.it FU EU - MICHELANGELO project [288241] FX The work presented in this paper was supported by FP7 EU funded MICHELANGELO project, Grant Agreement #288241. URL: www.michelangelo-project.eu/. We are grateful to Professor Filippo Muratori for his valuable suggestions on this paper. 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Neural Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 AR 046019 DI 10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046019 PG 19 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM7KS UT WOS:000340046500019 PM 24981017 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, KA Fletcher, K Corrow, S das Nair, R Barton, JJS Yonas, A Duchaine, B AF Dalrymple, Kirsten A. Fletcher, Kimberley Corrow, Sherryse das Nair, Roshan Barton, Jason J. S. Yonas, Albert Duchaine, Brad TI "A room full of strangers every day": The psychosocial impact of developmental prosopagnosia on children and their families SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Children; Developmental prosopagnosia; Face recognition; Psychosocial; Social development; Thematic analysis ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM QUOTIENT; CONGENITAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; FACE RECOGNITION; VERSION AB Objective: Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia ('face blindness') have severe face recognition difficulties due to a failure to develop the necessary visual mechanisms for recognizing faces. These difficulties occur in the absence of brain damage and despite normal low-level vision and intellect. Adults with developmental prosopagnosia report serious personal and emotional consequences from their inability to recognize faces, but little is known about the psychosocial consequences in childhood. Given the importance of face recognition in daily life, and the potential for unique social consequences of impaired face recognition in childhood, we sought to evaluate the impact of developmental prosopagnosia on children and their families. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 8 children with developmental prosopagnosia and their parents. A battery of face recognition tests was used to confirm the face recognition impairment reported by the parents of each child. We used thematic analysis to develop common themes among the psychosocial experiences of the children and their parents. Results: Three themes were developed from the child reports: 1) awareness of their difficulties, 2) coping strategies, such as using non-facial cues to identify others, and 3) social implications, such as discomfort in, and avoidance of, social situations. These themes were paralleled by the parent reports and highlight the unique social and practical challenges associated with childhood developmental prosopagnosia. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a need for increased awareness and treatment of developmental prosopagnosia to help these children manage their face recognition difficulties and to promote their social and emotional wellbeing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dalrymple, Kirsten A.; Duchaine, Brad] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Dalrymple, Kirsten A.] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England. [Fletcher, Kimberley; Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Neurol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Fletcher, Kimberley; Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Fletcher, Kimberley; Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Corrow, Sherryse; Yonas, Albert] Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [das Nair, Roshan] Univ Nottingham, Div Rehabil & Ageing, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Dalrymple, KA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, 51 East River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kad@umn.edu RI Barton, Jason/A-6362-2012 FU Economic and Social Research Council (UK) [RES-062-23-2426]; CIHR operating grant [MOP-102567]; Eva O. Miller Fellowship; Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship through the graduate school of the University of Minnesota; Canada Research Chair grant [950-228984]; Marianne Koerner Chair in Brain Diseases FX KAD and BD were supported by an Economic and Social Research Council (UK) grant (RES-062-23-2426) to BD. KF was supported through a CIHR operating grant (MOP-102567) to JJSB. SC was supported by the Eva O. Miller Fellowship and the Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship through the graduate school of the University of Minnesota. JJSB was supported by a Canada Research Chair grant (950-228984) and the Marianne Koerner Chair in Brain Diseases. We would like to thank all the children and families for their candid responses to our interview questions and for inviting us into their homes for lengthy assessments. 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While tissue-specific distribution and transcriptional regulation of several DMD mRNA isoforms has been well characterized, the post-transcriptional regulation of dystrophin synthesis is not well understood. Here, we utilize qRTPCR and a quantitative dual-luciferase reporter assay to examine the effects of isoform specific DMD 5' UTRs and the highly conserved DMD 3' UTR on mRNA abundance and translational control of gene expression in C2C12 cells. The 5' UTRs were shown to initiate translation with low efficiency in both myoblasts and myotubes. Whereas, two large highly conserved elements in the 3' UTR, which overlap the previously described Lemaire A and D regions, increase mRNA levels and enhance translation upon differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. The results presented here implicate an important role for DMD UTRs in dystrophin expression and delineate the cis-acting elements required for the myotube-specific regulation of steady-state mRNA levels and translational enhancer activity found in the DMD 3' UTR. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larsen, C. Aaron; Howard, Michael T.] Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Howard, MT (reprint author), Eccles Inst Human Genet, Room 7110,15 N 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM mhoward@genetics.utah.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NS083884] FX We thank Chris Anderson and Norma Wills for technical assistance, and Drs. Kevin Flanigan (Ohio State University) and Robert Weiss (University of Utah) for comments and suggestions on this work. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health NS083884 to MTH. 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Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 8 BP 693 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.05.006 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN1BH UT WOS:000340317200007 PM 24928536 ER PT J AU Cheng, TL Qiu, ZL AF Cheng, Tian-Lin Qiu, Zilong TI MeCP2: multifaceted roles in gene regulation and neural development SO NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE MeCP2; Rett syndrome; central nervous system; gene expression regulation; post-translational modification; post-transcriptional regulation; glia ID CPG-BINDING PROTEIN; RETT-SYNDROME PHENOTYPES; DNA METHYLATION; MOUSE MODEL; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; CHROMOSOMAL PROTEIN; BDNF TRANSCRIPTION; DENDRITIC GROWTH; NONCODING RNAS AB Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a classic methylated-DNA-binding protein, dysfunctions of which lead to various neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. Initially recognized as a transcriptional repressor, MeCP2 has been studied extensively and its functions have been expanded dramatically in the past two decades. Recently, it was found to be involved in gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. MeCP2 represses nuclear microRNA processing by interacting directly with the Drosha/DGCR8 complex. In addition to its multifaceted functions, MeCP2 is remarkably modulated by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and acetylation, providing more regulatory dimensions to its functions. The role of MeCP2 in the central nervous system has been studied extensively, from neurons to glia. Future investigations combining molecular, cellular, and physiological methods are necessary for defining the roles of MeCP2 in the brain and developing efficient treatments for MeCP2-related brain disorders. C1 [Cheng, Tian-Lin; Qiu, Zilong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Neurosci, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. RP Cheng, TL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Neurosci, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. EM tlcheng@ion.ac.cn FU National Basic Research Development Program of China [2011CBA00400]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science, China [XDB02050400] FX This review was supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2011CBA00400), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science, China (XDB02050400). 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E. Rucker, J. J. H. Kavanagh, D. H. Guipponi, M. Perroud, N. Bondolfi, G. Domenici, E. Evans, D. M. Hausers, J. Henigsberg, N. Jerman, B. Maier, W. Mors, O. O'Donovan, M. Peters, T. J. Placentino, A. Rietschel, M. Souery, D. Aitchison, K. J. Craig, I. Farmer, A. Wendland, J. R. Malafosse, A. Lewis, G. Kapur, S. McGuffin, P. Uher, R. TI Copy number variants and therapeutic response to antidepressant medication in major depressive disorder SO PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antidepressant; copy number variants; major depressive disorder; psychiatry; treatment response; 15q13.3 ID HIDDEN-MARKOV MODEL; SNP GENOTYPING DATA; DE-NOVO CNVS; BIPOLAR-DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; DUPLICATIONS; ASSOCIATION; DELETIONS AB It would be beneficial to find genetic predictors of antidepressant response to help personalise treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including MDD, but their role in antidepressant response has yet to be investigated. CNV data were available for 1565 individuals with MDD from the NEWMEDS (Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia) consortium with prospective data on treatment outcome with either a serotonergic or noradrenergic antidepressant. No association was seen between the presence of CNV (rare or common), the overall number of CNVs or genomic CNV 'burden' and antidepressant response. Specific CNVs were nominally associated with antidepressant response, including 15q13.3 duplications and exonic NRXN1 deletions. These were associated with poor response to antidepressants. Overall burden of CNVs is unlikely to contribute to personalising antidepressant treatment. Specific CNVs associated with antidepressant treatment require replication and further study to confirm their role in the therapeutic action of antidepressant. C1 [Tansey, K. E.; Rucker, J. J. H.; Aitchison, K. J.; Craig, I.; Farmer, A.; Kapur, S.; McGuffin, P.; Uher, R.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Kavanagh, D. H.; O'Donovan, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychol Med & Neurol, MRC,Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Guipponi, M.; Malafosse, A.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Genet Med & Labs, Geneva, Switzerland. [Perroud, N.; Bondolfi, G.; Malafosse, A.] Univ Geneva, Dept Psychiat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Perroud, N.; Bondolfi, G.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Mental Hlth & Psychiat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Domenici, E.] F Hoffmann La Roche & Co Ltd, Pharma Res & Early Dev, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. [Evans, D. M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, MRC CAiTE Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England. [Hausers, J.] Poznan Univ Med Sci, Lab Psychiat Genet, Poznan, Poland. [Henigsberg, N.] Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Croatian Inst Brain Res, Zagreb 41001, Croatia. [Jerman, B.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Mol & Biomed Sci, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Jerman, B.] Inst Publ Hlth Republ Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Maier, W.] Univ Bonn, Dept Psychiat, Bonn, Germany. [Mors, O.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Res Dept P, Risskov, Denmark. [Peters, T. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Clin Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Placentino, A.] Spedali Civili Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Psychiat Unit 23, Brescia, Italy. [Placentino, A.] Ctr San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Biol Psychiat Unit, Brescia, Italy. [Rietschel, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Genet Epidemiol Psychiat, Heidelberg, Germany. [Souery, D.] Univ Libre Brussels, Erasme Acad Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Brussels, Belgium. [Aitchison, K. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Psychiat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Wendland, J. R.] Pfizer, Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lewis, G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England. [Uher, R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Psychiat, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Tansey, KE (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, P080,16 De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM katherine.tansey@kcl.ac.uk RI Tansey, Katherine/B-1033-2013; Aitchison, Katherine/G-4476-2013; Lewis, Glyn/E-9944-2012 OI Tansey, Katherine/0000-0002-9663-3376; Aitchison, Katherine/0000-0002-1107-3024; Lewis, Glyn/0000-0001-5205-8245 FU Wellcome Trust [086635]; Innovative Medicine Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI-JU) [115008]; European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA); European Union; European Commission, EC [LSHB-CT-2003-503428]; UK National Institute for Health Research of the Department of Health; UK Medical Research Council (MRC, UK); GlaxoSmithKline [G0701420]; Medical Research Council (MRC, UK); Mental Health Research Network; Canada Research Chair program; Wyeth-Lederle; Bristol-Myers-Squibb; Sanofi Aventis FX The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The research leading to these results has received support from the Innovative Medicine Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI-JU) under Grant agreement no. 115008 of which resources are composed of European Union and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) in-kind contribution and financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). EFPIA members Pfizer, Glaxo Smith Kline and F. Hoffmann La-Roche have contributed work and samples to the project presented here. GENDEP was funded by the European Commission Framework 6 grant, EC Contract Ref.: LSHB-CT-2003-503428. Lundbeck provided nortriptyline and escitalopram for the GENDEP study. GlaxoSmithKline and the UK National Institute for Health Research of the Department of Health contributed to the funding of the sample collection at the Institute of Psychiatry, London. GENDEP genotyping was funded by a joint grant from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC, UK) and GlaxoSmithKline (G0701420). GenPod was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC, UK) and supported by the Mental Health Research Network. GODS study was partly supported by external funding provided by the Swiss branches of the following pharmaceutical companies: GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth-Lederle, Bristol-Myers-Squibb and Sanofi Aventis. RU is supported by the Canada Research Chair program (http://www.chairs-chaires.gc.ca/). JR was supported by a fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (086635). 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Here we argue that understanding how brains change across development requires understanding the interplay between behavior and brain networks: changing bodies and activities modify the statistics of inputs to the brain; these changing inputs mold brain networks; and these networks, in turn, promote further change in behavior and input. C1 [Byrge, Lisa; Sporns, Olaf; Smith, Linda B.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Byrge, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM lbyrge@indiana.edu FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training Program in the Dynamics of Brain-Body-Environment Systems at Indiana University; J.S. McDonnell Foundation; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R01HD28675, R21HD068475] FX L.B. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training Program in the Dynamics of Brain-Body-Environment Systems at Indiana University. O.S. was supported by the J.S. McDonnell Foundation. L.B.S. was supported in part by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grants R01HD28675 and R21HD068475. The authors thank Gregory Kohn and Dan Kennedy for valuable feedback. 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SCI. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 18 IS 8 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.010 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AN1EH UT WOS:000340325000006 PM 24862251 ER PT J AU Paylor, B Longstaff, H Rossi, F Illes, J AF Paylor, Ben Longstaff, Holly Rossi, Fabio Illes, Judy TI Collision or convergence? Beliefs and politics in neuroscience discovery, ethics, and intervention SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE neurological disease; health policy; public opinion; Terri Schiavo; Gulf War syndrome; MMR vaccine; autism; chronic cerebrospinal vascular insufficiency (CCSVI); multiple sclerosis; Stamina Foundation ID SCIENCE AB Discovery and interventions for neurological disorders have a unique capacity to galvanize public opinion over issues of access, human rights, decision making, and the definition of disease. Here we highlight five cases where beliefs and politics prevailed over evidence and ethics. We examine lessons from them about the communication of risk and the power of public influence on science, society, and policy. C1 [Paylor, Ben; Rossi, Fabio] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Biomed Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Longstaff, Holly; Illes, Judy] Univ British Columbia Hosp, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Natl Core Neuroeth, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada. RP Illes, J (reprint author), Univ British Columbia Hosp, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Natl Core Neuroeth, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada. EM jilles@mail.ubc.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Stem Cell Network; MS Society of Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute FX JI is Canada Research Chair in Neuroethics. This work is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Stem Cell Network, the MS Society of Canada and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 37 IS 8 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.tins.2014.06.001 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN0VU UT WOS:000340302900001 PM 25086860 ER PT J AU Baecker, T Mangus, K Pfaender, S Chhabra, R Boeckers, TM Grabrucker, AM AF Baecker, Tanja Mangus, Katharina Pfaender, Stefanie Chhabra, Resham Boeckers, Tobias M. Grabrucker, Andreas M. TI Loss of COMMD1 and copper overload disrupt zinc homeostasis and influence an autism-associated pathway at glutamatergic synapses SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE ProSAP; ASD; Shank3; Shank2; COMMD1; Zn2+; Synapse; PSD; Cu2+ ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; MUTUAL ANTAGONISM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; DE-NOVO; SHANK3; METALLOTHIONEIN; MUTATIONS; GENE AB Recent studies suggest that synaptic pathology in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might be caused by the disruption of a signaling pathway at excitatory glutamatergic synapses, which can be influenced by environmental factors. Some factors, such as prenatal zinc deficiency, dysfunction of metallothioneins as well as deletion of COMMD1, all affect brain metal-ion homeostasis and have been associated with ASD. Given that COMMD1 regulates copper levels and that copper and zinc have antagonistic properties, here, we followed the idea that copper overload might induce a local zinc deficiency affecting key players of a putative ASD pathway such as ProSAP/Shank proteins as reported before. Our results show that increased copper levels indeed interfere with intracellular zinc concentrations and affect synaptic ProSAP/Shank levels, which similarly are altered by manipulation of copper and zinc levels through overexpression and knockdown of COMMD1. In line with this, acute and prenatal copper overload lead to local zinc deficiencies in mice. Pups exposed to prenatal copper overload furthermore show a reduction in ProSAP/Shank protein levels in the brain as well as a decreased NMDAR subunit 1 concentration. 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CR Torjesen Ingrid, 2014, BMJ, V349, pg4835, DOI 10.1136/bmj.g4835 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1756-1833 J9 BMJ-BRIT MED J JI BMJ-British Medical Journal PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 349 AR g4989 DI 10.1136/bmj.g4989 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AM5OF UT WOS:000339909000009 ER PT J AU Harvey, L Boksa, P AF Harvey, Louise Boksa, Patricia TI Additive effects of maternal iron deficiency and prenatal immune activation on adult behaviors in rat offspring SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Prenatal infection; Maternal immune activation; Maternal iron deficiency; Behavior; Schizophrenia; Autism; Maternal diet ID NEUROCHEMICAL PROFILE; VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS; BACTERIAL-ENDOTOXIN; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREGNANCY; INFECTION; MICE; ALTERS; ANEMIA AB Both iron deficiency (ID) and infection are common during pregnancy and studies have described altered brain development in offspring as a result of these individual maternal exposures. Given their high global incidence, these two insults may occur simultaneously during pregnancy. We recently described a rat model which pairs dietary ID during pregnancy and prenatal immune activation. Pregnant rats were placed on iron sufficient (IS) or ID diets from embryonic day 2 (E2) until postnatal day 7, and administered the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline on E15/16. In this model, LPS administration on E15 caused greater induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in ID dams compared to IS dams. This suggested that the combination of prenatal immune activation on a background of maternal ID might have more adverse neurodevelopmental consequences for the offspring than exposure to either insult alone. In this study we used this model to determine whether combined exposure to maternal ID and prenatal immune activation interact to affect juvenile and adult behaviors in the offspring. We assessed behaviors relevant to deficits in humans or animals that have been associated with exposure to either maternal ID or prenatal immune activation alone. Adult offspring from ID dams displayed significant deficits in pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle and in passive avoidance learning, together with increases in cytochrome oxidase immunohistochemistry, a marker of metabolic activity, in the ventral hippocampus immediately after passive avoidance testing. Offspring from LPS treated dams showed a significant increase in social behavior with unfamiliar rats, and subtle locomotor changes during exploration in an open field and in response to amphetamine. Surprisingly, there was no interaction between effects of the two insults on the behaviors assessed, and few observed alterations in juvenile behavior. Our findings show that long-term effects of maternal ID and prenatal LPS were additive, such that offspring exposed to both insults displayed more adult behavioral abnormalities than offspring exposed to one alone. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harvey, Louise; Boksa, Patricia] McGill Univ, Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Dept Psychiat, Verdun, PQ H4H IR3, Canada. RP Boksa, P (reprint author), McGill Univ, Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Dept Psychiat, 6875 Salle Blvd, Verdun, PQ H4H IR3, Canada. EM patricia.boksa@mcgill.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research FX We would like to thank Ying Zhang for technical assistance with the cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and Dominique Nouel for technical assistance with brain collection. This work was supported financially by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 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Immun. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 40 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.005 PG 11 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL9JW UT WOS:000339458400004 PM 24930842 ER PT J AU Giovanoli, S Weber, L Meyer, U AF Giovanoli, Sandra Weber, Liz Meyer, Urs TI Single and combined effects of prenatal immune activation and peripubertal stress on parvalbumin and reelin expression in the hippocampal formation SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Animal model; Autism; Cytokines; GABA; Infection; Inflammation; Stress; Schizophrenia ID BIPOLAR DISORDER; ANIMAL-MODEL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; DYSREGULATION; INTERNEURONS; PREGNANCY; MICE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; INFLAMMATION AB Exposure to prenatal infection and traumatizing experiences in peripubertal life are two environmental risk factors for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Modeling the cumulative neuronal impact of these factors in a translational animal model has led to the recent identification of pathological interactions between these environmental adversities in the development of adult brain dysfunctions. The present study explored the consequences of combined prenatal immune challenge and peripubertal stress on discrete cellular abnormalities in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system of the hippocampus. Pregnant mice were treated with the viral mimetic poly(I:C) (=polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic add) or control solution, and offspring born to poly(I:C)-exposed or control mothers were then left undisturbed or subjected to unpredictable sub-chronic stress during peripubertal development. Stereological estimations of parvalbumin-expressing cells revealed a significant reduction of these GABAergic interneurons in the ventral dentate gyrus of adult offspring exposed to combined immune activation and stress. Single exposure to either environmental factor was insufficient to cause similar neuropathology. We further found that peripubertal stress exerted opposite effects on reelin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal cornu ammonis (CA) region of the hippocampus, with stress increasing and decreasing reelin expression in control offspring and prenatally immune challenged animals, respectively. The present data suggest that the combination of two environmental risk factors, which have each been implicated in the etiology of major neuropsychiatric disease, induces significant but restricted neuropathological effects on hippocampal GABAergic cell populations known to be affected in brain disorders with neurodevelopmental components. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Giovanoli, Sandra; Weber, Liz; Meyer, Urs] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Physiol & Behav Lab, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. 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The aim of this study was to examine maternal traits related to Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and their possible association with child mistreatment. Maternal PDD and ADHD were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire (N = 846) during mid-pregnancy using the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The mothers completed another questionnaire on child mistreatment when the offspring was approximately 18 months of age. The associations between maternal PDD and ADHD traits and child mistreatment score were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for covariates. Mothers who exhibited stronger PDD traits showed significantly higher child mistreatment score, even after adjustment for maternal characteristics at baseline and ADHD traits. At the same time, ADHD traits were significantly associated with child mistreatment after adjustment of covariates, although the association became non-significant after adjustment of PDD traits. Mothers who showed PDD and ADHD traits during pregnancy were more likely to mistreat their children. It is essential to educate mothers with such traits with appropriate, easy-to-follow childcare instructions, preferably in simple language combined with pictorial aids. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujiwara, Takeo] Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kasahara, Mari] Komagino Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. [Tsujii, Hiromi; Okuyama, Makiko] Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Psychosocial Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Fujiwara, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1283 EP 1289 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.04.007 PG 7 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA AM4YV UT WOS:000339863000001 PM 24813254 ER PT J AU Yau, VM Green, PG Alaimo, CP Yoshida, CK LUtsky, M Windham, GC Delorenze, G Kharrazi, M Grether, JK Croen, LA AF Yau, Vincent M. Green, Peter G. Alaimo, Christopher P. Yoshida, Cathleen K. LUtsky, Marta Windham, Gayle C. Delorenze, Gerald Kharrazi, Martin Grether, Judith K. Croen, Lisa A. TI Prenatal and neonatal peripheral blood mercury levels and autism spectrum disorders SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Mercury; Pregnancy; Developmental delay; Intellectual disability ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FISH CONSUMPTION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; URINARY PORPHYRINS; INORGANIC MERCURY; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT AB Background: Prenatal and early-life exposures to mercury have been hypothesized to be associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Objectives: This study investigated the association between ASDs and levels of total mercury measured in maternal serum from mid-pregnancy and infant blood shortly after birth. Methods: The study sample was drawn from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) Study. Three groups of children who were born in Orange County, CA in 2000-2001 were identified: children with ASD (n=84), children with intellectual disability or developmental delay (DD) (n=49), and general population controls (GP) (n=159). Maternal serum specimens and newborn bloodspots were retrieved from the California Department of Public Health prenatal and newborn screening specimen archives. Blood mercury levels were measured in maternal serum samples using mass spectrometer and in infant bloodspots with a 213 nm laser. Results: Maternal serum and infant blood mercury levels were significantly correlated among all study groups (all correlations > 0.38, p < 0.01). Adjusted logistic regression models showed no significant associations between ASD and log transformed mercury levels in maternal serum samples (ASD vs. GP: OR [95% CI]=0.96 [0.49-1.90]; ASD vs. DD: OR [95% CI]=2.56 [0.89-7.39]). Results for mercury levels in newborn blood samples were similar (ASD vs. GP: OR [95% CI]=1.18 [0.71-1.95]; ASD vs. DD: OR [95% CI]=1.96 [0.75-5.14]). Conclusions: Results indicate that levels of total mercury in serum collected from mothers during mid-pregnancy and from newborn bloodspots were not significantly associated with risk of ASD, though additional studies with greater sample size and covariate measurement are needed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yau, Vincent M.; Yoshida, Cathleen K.; LUtsky, Marta; Delorenze, Gerald; Croen, Lisa A.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Green, Peter G.; Alaimo, Christopher P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Windham, Gayle C.; Grether, Judith K.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. [Kharrazi, Martin] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Genet Dis Screening Program, Richmond, CA USA. RP Croen, LA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Autism Res Program, 2000 Broadway Oakland, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Lisa.A.Croen@kp.org FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01-MH72565]; National Alliance for Autism Research [824/LC/01-201-004-00-00]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program [8RT-0115] FX Funding was provided by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH72565, L. Croen, PI), the National Alliance for Autism Research (824/LC/01-201-004-00-00, L. Croen, PI), and the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (8RT-0115, M. Kharrazi, PI). We thank Ron Torres for DNA amplification; Jack Collins, Roxana Odouli and Tiffany Wong for project coordination; Julie Ruedaflores for record review and abstraction; Meredith Anderson and Daniel Najjar for assistance with data management and analysis; and Steve Graham and Debbie Hildebrandt for record linkage and specimen retrieval. 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Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 133 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.034 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AM2UI UT WOS:000339705900038 PM 24981828 ER PT J AU Suckling, J Henty, J Ecker, C Deoni, SC Lombardo, MV Baron-Cohen, S Jezzard, P Barnes, A Chakrabarti, B Ooi, C Lai, MC Williams, SC Murphy, DGM Bullmore, ET AF Suckling, John Henty, Julian Ecker, Christine Deoni, Sean C. Lombardo, Michael V. Baron-Cohen, Simon Jezzard, Peter Barnes, Anna Chakrabarti, Bhismadev Ooi, Cinly Lai, Meng-Chuan Williams, Steven C. Murphy, Declan G. M. Bullmore, Edward T. CA MRC AIMS Consortium TI Are Power Calculations Useful? A Multicentre Neuroimaging Study SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE power calculations; neuroimaging; multicentre ID STATISTICAL POWER; FUNCTIONAL MRI; BRAIN; AUTISM; REGISTRATION; VARIANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY; BEHAVIOR; ANATOMY; IMAGES AB There are now many reports of imaging experiments with small cohorts of typical participants that precede large-scale, often multicentre studies of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Data from these calibration experiments are sufficient to make estimates of statistical power and predictions of sample size and minimum observable effect sizes. In this technical note, we suggest how previously reported voxel-based power calculations can support decision making in the design, execution and analysis of cross-sectional multicentre imaging studies. The choice of MRI acquisition sequence, distribution of recruitment across acquisition centres, and changes to the registration method applied during data analysis are considered as examples. The consequences of modification are explored in quantitative terms by assessing the impact on sample size for a fixed effect size and detectable effect size for a fixed sample size. The calibration experiment dataset used for illustration was a precursor to the now complete Medical Research Council Autism Imaging Multicentre Study (MRC-AIMS). Validation of the voxel-based power calculations is made by comparing the predicted values from the calibration experiment with those observed in MRC-AIMS. The effect of non-linear mappings during image registration to a standard stereotactic space on the prediction is explored with reference to the amount of local deformation. In summary, power calculations offer a validated, quantitative means of making informed choices on important factors that influence the outcome of studies that consume significant resources. (C) 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Suckling, John; Henty, Julian; Ooi, Cinly; Bullmore, Edward T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England. [Suckling, John; Ooi, Cinly; Bullmore, Edward T.] Univ Cambridge, Behav & Clin Neurosci Inst, Cambridge, England. [Suckling, John; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Bullmore, Edward T.] Cambridge & Peterborough Fdn NHS Trust, Cambridge, England. [Ecker, Christine; Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Sackler Inst Translat Neurodev, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Ecker, Christine; Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Deoni, Sean C.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Lombardo, Michael V.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Lai, Meng-Chuan] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Jezzard, Peter] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, Oxford, England. [Barnes, Anna] Univ Coll London Hosp, Inst Nucl Med, London, England. [Chakrabarti, Bhismadev] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neurodynam, Reading, Berks, England. [Williams, Steven C.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Ctr Neuroimaging Sci, London, England. [Bullmore, Edward T.] Addenbrookes Hosp, GlaxoSmithKline Ltd, Clin Unit Cambridge, Cambridge, England. RP Suckling, J (reprint author), Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Herchel Smith Bldg,Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, England. EM js369@cam.ac.uk RI Williams, Steve/D-6979-2011; Ecker, Christine/E-5194-2010 FU Medical Research Council, United Kingdom [G0400061]; Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Wellcome Trust; Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research FX Contract grant sponsor: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; Contract grant number: G0400061; Contract grant sponsors: Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Wellcome Trust; Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research CR Brown CH, 2009, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V30, P1, DOI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100223 Brown GG, 2011, NEUROIMAGE, V54, P2163, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.076 Costafreda SG, 2007, J MAGN RESON IMAGING, V26, P1122, DOI 10.1002/jmri.21118 Deoni SCL, 2008, NEUROIMAGE, V40, P662, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.052 Deoni SCL, 2007, J MAGN RESON IMAGING, V26, P1106, DOI 10.1002/jmri.21130 Ecker C, 2012, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V69, P195, DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1251 Ecker C, 2013, JAMA PSYCHIAT, V70, P59, DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.265 Gountouna VE, 2010, NEUROIMAGE, V49, P552, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.026 Hoenig JM, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, P493 Jenkinson M, 2002, NEUROIMAGE, V17, P825, DOI 10.1006/nimg.2002.1132 Klein A, 2009, NEUROIMAGE, V46, P786, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.037 Lenth RV, 2001, AM STAT, V55, P187, DOI 10.1198/000313001317098149 Lenth RV, 2007, J ANIM SCI, V85, pE24, DOI 10.2527/jas.2006-449 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Magnotta VA, 2006, J DIGIT IMAGING, V19, P140, DOI 10.1007/s10278-006-0264-x Miller F, 2005, BIOMETRICS, V61, P355, DOI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00315.x Pinheiro J. 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Brain Mapp. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 3569 EP 3577 DI 10.1002/hbm.22465 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AL8YV UT WOS:000339426700001 PM 24644267 ER PT J AU Verly, M Verhoeven, J Zink, I Mantini, D Van Oudenhove, L Lagae, L Sunaert, S Rommel, N AF Verly, Marjolein Verhoeven, Judith Zink, Inge Mantini, Dante Van Oudenhove, Lukas Lagae, Lieven Sunaert, Stefan Rommel, Nathalie TI Structural and Functional Underconnectivity as a Negative Predictor for Language in Autism SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; diffusion tensor imaging; language impairment; arcuate fascicle; functional MRI ID CEREBRAL WHITE-MATTER; HUMAN BRAIN; ARCUATE FASCICULUS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; FRONTAL-CORTEX; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; CONNECTIVITY MRI; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; CROSSING FIBERS; IN-VIVO AB The development of language, social interaction, and communicative skills are remarkably different in the child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Atypical brain connectivity has frequently been reported in this patient population. However, the interplay between their brain connectivity and language performance remains largely understudied. Using diffusion tensor imaging tractography and resting-state fMRI, the authors explored the structural and functional connectivity of the language network and its relation to the language profile in a group of healthy control subjects (N = 25) and a group of children with ASD (N = 17). The authors hypothesized that in children with ASD, a neural connectivity deficit of the language network can be related to the observed abnormal language function. They found an absence of the right-hemispheric arcuate fascicle (AF) in 28% (7/25) of the healthy control children and in 59% (10/17) of the children with ASD. In contrast to healthy control children, the absence of the right-hemispheric AF in children with autism was related to a lower language performance as indicated by a lower verbal IQ, lower scores on the Pea-body Picture Vocabulary Test, and lower language scores on the Dutch version of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-4NL). In addition, through iterative fMRI data analyses, the language impairment of children with ASD could be linked to a marked loss of intrahemispheric functional connectivity between inferior frontal and superior temporal regions, known as the cortical language network. Both structural and functional underconnectivity patterns coincide and are related to an abnormal language function in children with ASD. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Verly, Marjolein; Zink, Inge; Rommel, Nathalie] Katholieke Univ Leuven, ExpORL, Dept Neurosci, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Verhoeven, Judith; Lagae, Lieven] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Leuven, Belgium. [Mantini, Dante] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. [Mantini, Dante] ETH, Dept Hlth Sci & Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Mantini, Dante] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Neurosci, Lab Neurophysiol & Psychophysiol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Van Oudenhove, Lukas] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Translat Res Ctr Gastrointestinal Disorders TARGI, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Van Oudenhove, Lukas] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Psychiat Ctr, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Sunaert, Stefan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Leuven, Belgium. RP Verly, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, ExpORL, Dept Neurosci, Herestr 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. EM marjolein.verly@med.kuleuven.be RI Rommel, Nathalie/D-6721-2014 FU Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, FWO, Belgium [G.0354.06]; Research Council of the University of Leuven [IDO/08/013]; IUAP-KUL FX Contract grant sponsor: Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, FWO, Belgium; Contract grant number: G.0354.06; Contract grant sponsor: Research Council of the University of Leuven; Contract grant number: IDO/08/013; Contract grant sponsor: IUAP-KUL. 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Brain Mapp. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 3602 EP 3615 DI 10.1002/hbm.22424 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AL8YV UT WOS:000339426700004 PM 24375710 ER PT J AU Nair, A Keown, CL Datko, M Shih, P Keehn, B Muller, RA AF Nair, Aarti Keown, Christopher L. Datko, Michael Shih, Patricia Keehn, Brandon Mueller, Ralph-Axel TI Impact of Methodological Variables on Functional Connectivity Findings in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE functional connectivity; fMRI; autism; resting state; region of interest; temporal filtering; task regression ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; RESTING HUMAN BRAIN; CORTICAL UNDERCONNECTIVITY; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; VISUAL-CORTEX; GLOBAL SIGNAL; MOTOR TASK; STATE AB Growing evidence suggests that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves abnormalities of multiple functional networks. Neuroimaging studies of ASD have therefore increasingly focused on connectivity. Many functional connectivity (fcMRI) studies have reported network underconnectivity in children and adults with ASD. However, there are notable inconsistencies, with some studies reporting overconnectivity. A previous literature survey suggested that a few methodological factors play a crucial role in differential fcMRI outcomes. Using three ASD data sets (two task-related, one resting state) from 54 ASD and 51 typically developing (TD) participants (ages 9-18 years), we examined the impact of four methodological factors: type of pipeline (co-activation vs. intrinsic analysis, related to temporal filtering and removal of task-related effects), seed selection, field of view (whole brain vs. limited ROIs), and dataset. Significant effects were found for type of pipeline, field of view, and dataset. Notably, for each dataset results ranging from robust underconnectivity to robust overconnectivity were detected, depending on the type of pipeline, with intrinsic fcMRI analyses (low bandpass filter and task regressor) predominantly yielding overconnectivity in ASD, but co-activation analyses (no low bandpass filter or task removal) mostly generating underconnectivity findings. These results suggest that methodological variables have dramatic impact on group differences reported in fcMRI studies. Improved awareness of their implications appears indispensible in fcMRI studies when inferences about "underconnectivity" or "overconnectivity" in ASD are made. In the absence of a gold standard for functional connectivity, the combination of different methodological approaches promises a more comprehensive understanding of connectivity in ASD. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Nair, Aarti; Keown, Christopher L.; Datko, Michael; Shih, Patricia; Keehn, Brandon; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Nair, Aarti; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Nair, Aarti; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Keown, Christopher L.; Datko, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. 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Brain Mapp. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 4035 EP 4048 DI 10.1002/hbm.22456 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AL8YV UT WOS:000339426700035 PM 24452854 ER PT J AU Ben-David, E Shohat, S Shifman, S AF Ben-David, Eyal Shohat, Shahar Shifman, Sagiv TI Allelic expression analysis in the brain suggests a role for heterogeneous insults affecting epigenetic processes in autism spectrum disorders SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; MONOALLELIC EXPRESSION; IMPRINTED GENES; RETT-SYNDROME; MOUSE-BRAIN; PATTERNS; UBE3A; NEUROBIOLOGY; CONNECTIVITY AB Monoallelic expression, including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation and random monoallelic expression of autosomal genes are epigenetic phenomena. Genes that are expressed in a monoallelic way may be more vulnerable to genetic or epigenetic mutations. Thus, comprehensive exploration of monoallelic expression in human brains may shed light on complex brain disorders. Autism-related disorders are known to be associated with imprinted genes on chromosome 15. However, it is not clear whether other imprinted regions or other types of monoallelic expression are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we performed a genome-wide survey of allele expression imbalance (AEI) in the human brain using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in 18 individuals with ASD and 15 controls. Individuals with ASD had the most extreme number of monoallelic expressed SNPs in both the autosomes and the X chromosome. In two cases that were studied in detail, the monoallelic expression was confined to specific brain region or cell type. Using these data, we were also able to define the allelic expression status of known imprinted genes in the human brain and to identify abnormal imprinting in an individual with ASD. Lastly, we developed an analysis of individual-level expression, focusing on the difference of each individual from the mean. We found that individuals with ASD had more genes that were up- or down-regulated in an individual-specific manner. We also identified pathways perturbed in specific individuals. These results underline the heterogeneity in gene regulation in ASD, at the level of both allelic and total expression. C1 [Ben-David, Eyal; Shohat, Shahar; Shifman, Sagiv] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, Inst Life Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Shifman, S (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, Inst Life Sci, Edmond J Safra campus, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM sagiv@vms.huji.ac.il FU National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel; Legacy Heritage Fund program of the Israel Science Foundation [1998/08]; Israel Science Foundation [688/12]; Dennis Weatherstone Pre-doctoral Fellowship from Autism Speaks [8595] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel, the Legacy Heritage Fund program of the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 1998/08), and Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 688/12). E. B. D. is supported by the Dennis Weatherstone Pre-doctoral Fellowship from Autism Speaks (grant no. 8595). 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TI Coping and Psychological Adjustment Among Mothers of Children with ASD: An Accelerated Longitudinal Study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Coping; Stress; Psychological adjustment; Autism spectrum disorders; ASD; Mothers ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MULTILEVEL MODELING APPROACH; PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY; BEHAVIOR RATING FORM; DOUBLE ABCX MODEL; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; STRESS PROLIFERATION AB Utilizing a cohort sequential design and multilevel modeling on a sample of 113 mothers, the effects of four coping strategies (engagement, disengagement, distraction, and cognitive reframing) on multiple measures of maternal adjustment were assessed over a 7 years period when children with autism spectrum disorders in the study were approximately 7-14 years old. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1793 EP 1807 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2079-9 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400001 PM 24599424 ER PT J AU Jensen, CM Steinhausen, HC Lauritsen, MB AF Jensen, Christina Mohr Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph Lauritsen, Marlene Briciet TI Time Trends Over 16 Years in Incidence-Rates of Autism Spectrum Disorders Across the Lifespan Based on Nationwide Danish Register Data SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Autism; Incidence; Time-trend ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OLMSTED COUNTY; BIRTH COHORTS; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; AGE; CALIFORNIA; MINNESOTA AB This study investigated time trends and associated factors of incidence rates of diagnosed autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across the lifespan from 1995 to 2010, using data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Registry. First time diagnosis of childhood autism, atypical autism, Asperger's syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder-unspecified (PDD-NOS) were identified, incidence rates were calculated, and data were fitted using non-linear least squares methods. A total of 14.997 patients were identified and incidence rates for ASD increased from 9.0 to 38.6 per 100,000 person years during the 16-year period. The increases were most pronounced in females, adolescents, adults, and patients with Asperger's syndrome and PDD-NOS. C1 [Jensen, Christina Mohr; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Lauritsen, Marlene Briciet] Aalborg Univ Hosp, Res Unit Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Aalborg Psychiat Hosp, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. [Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph] Univ Basel, Inst Psychol, Basel, Switzerland. [Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph] Univ Zurich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Zurich, Switzerland. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1808 EP 1818 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2053-6 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400002 PM 24554161 ER PT J AU Harper-Hill, K Copland, D Arnott, W AF Harper-Hill, Keely Copland, David Arnott, Wendy TI Efficiency of Lexical Access in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Does Modality Matter? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Children; Language; Semantic priming; Retrospective semantic matching; Attention; Visual support; Autism spectrum disorders ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LARGE SET; ADULTS; DECISION; SPEECH; WORDS; COMPREHENSION; MEMORY AB The provision of visual support to individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is widely recommended. We explored one mechanism underlying the use of visual supports: efficiency of language processing. Two groups of children, one with and one without an ASD, participated. 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TI Downregulation of GABA(A) Receptor Protein Subunits alpha 6, beta 2, delta, epsilon, gamma 2, theta, and rho 2 in Superior Frontal Cortex of Subjects with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; GABA; Brain; GABR alpha 6; Frontal cortex; GABR beta 2 ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RAT-BRAIN; CHROMOSOME 15Q11-Q13; SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION; POSTMORTEM BRAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION AB We measured protein and mRNA levels for nine gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor subunits in three brain regions (cerebellum, superior frontal cortex, and parietal cortex) in subjects with autism versus matched controls. We observed changes in mRNA for a number of GABA(A) and GABA(B) subunits and overall reduced protein expression for GABA(A) receptor alpha 6 (GABR alpha 6), GABA(A) receptor beta 2 (GABR beta 2), GABA(A) receptor delta (GABR delta), GABA(A) receptor epsilon (GABR epsilon), GABA(A) receptor gamma 2 (GABR gamma 2), GABA(A) receptor theta (GABR theta), and GABA(A) receptor rho 2 (GABR rho 2) in superior frontal cortex from subjects with autism. Our data demonstrate systematic changes in GABA(A&B) subunit expression in brains of subjects with autism, which may help explain the presence of cognitive abnormalities in subjects with autism. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.] Univ Minnesota, Div Neurosci Res, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurosci, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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This study investigated pro-social behaviour in students scoring high and low on the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), using a novel scenario task: 'Above and Beyond'. Each scenario involved an opportunity to behave pro-socially, and thus required balancing the needs of a character against participants' own interests. High AQ participants both generated responses and selected courses of action that were less pro-social than those of the low AQ group. For actions of low pro-social value they gave higher self-satisfaction ratings; conversely, they gave lower self-satisfaction ratings for high pro-social actions. The implications for everyday functioning are considered for those with high autistic traits. C1 [Jameel, Leila; Vyas, Karishma; Bellesi, Giulia; Roberts, Victoria; Channon, Shelley] Univ Coll London, Dept Cognit Perceptual & Brain Sci, Bedford WC1E 6BT, England. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1846 EP 1858 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2056-3 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400005 PM 24522968 ER PT J AU Hathorn, C Alateeqi, N Graham, C O'Hare, A AF Hathorn, Claire Alateeqi, Nahed Graham, Catriona O'Hare, Anne TI Impact of Adherence to Best Practice Guidelines on the Diagnostic and Assessment Services for Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Guidelines; Autism spectrum disorder; ASD specific history; Observational instruments; Paediatric medical training ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; PREVALENCE; AGE; POPULATION; QUALITY; UTILITY; RATES AB Despite their range and complexity, adherence to Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guideline for the diagnosis and assessment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was shown to be high within child development and specialist diagnostic clinics serving a geographical cohort of children diagnosed under the age of 7 years. A retrospective analysis of comprehensive clinical notes demonstrated that the recommended discretionary use of structured history instruments was increased after medical training (p = 0.003). 56 % (51/90) of children received the diagnosis of ASD at their initial specialist appointment. 51 % underwent the recommended discretionary structured observational instrument. This further assessment was more likely to be required for older children in the reaudited group (p = 0.001). The implications for service capacity planning when delivering best practice recommendations are discussed. C1 [Hathorn, Claire] Royal Hosp Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Alateeqi, Nahed; O'Hare, Anne] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Clin Sci Child Life & Hlth, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Graham, Catriona] Wellcome Trust Clin Res Facil, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1859 EP 1866 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2057-2 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400006 PM 24573334 ER PT J AU Mavropoulou, S Sideridis, GD AF Mavropoulou, Sophia Sideridis, Georgios D. TI Knowledge of Autism and Attitudes of Children Towards Their Partially Integrated Peers with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Peers; Partial integration; Knowledge; Attitudes; Empathy ID COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS; BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS; SEVERE DISABILITIES; STUDENTS ATTITUDES; GENERAL-EDUCATION; CONTACT THEORY; EMPATHY SCALE; PLACEMENT; PROGRAMS; YOUTH AB This study aimed to measure the effects of contact with integrated students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) on the knowledge, attitudes and empathy of children (n = 224) from grades 4-6. 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E., 1988, ATTITUDES PERSONS DI, P262 NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1867 EP 1885 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2059-0 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400007 PM 24535575 ER PT J AU Lahera, G Boada, L Pousa, E Mirapeix, I Moron-Nozaleda, G Marinas, L Gisbert, L Pamias, M Parellada, M AF Lahera, G. Boada, L. Pousa, E. Mirapeix, I. Moron-Nozaleda, G. Marinas, L. Gisbert, L. Pamias, M. Parellada, M. TI Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC): Spanish Validation SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Social cognition; Theory of mind; Autism; Asperger syndrome; MASC ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; BELIEF TASK-PERFORMANCE; PSYCHIATRY SCIP-S; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REVISED VERSION; NORMAL ADULTS; MIND; CHILDREN AB We present the Spanish validation of the "Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition" instrument (MASC-SP). We recruited 22 adolescents and young adults with Asperger syndrome and 26 participants with typical development. The MASC-SP and three other social cognition instruments (Ekman Pictures of Facial Affect test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and Happ,aEuro (TM) s Strange Stories) were administered to both groups. Individuals with Asperger syndrome had significantly lower scores in all measures of social cognition. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1886 EP 1896 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2061-6 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400008 PM 24522969 ER PT J AU Lanning, BA Baier, MEM Ivey-Hatz, J Krenek, N Tubbs, JD AF Lanning, Beth A. Baier, Margaret E. Matyastik Ivey-Hatz, Julie Krenek, Nancy Tubbs, Jack D. TI Effects of Equine Assisted Activities on Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Equine assisted activities and therapies; Quality of life; Therapeutic horseback riding ID GENERIC CORE SCALES; SOCIAL-SKILLS; CHILDREN; METAANALYSIS; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; INTERVENTIONS; PSYCHOTHERAPY AB Quality of life assessments were used in this study to determine the behavioral changes of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who participated in equine assisted activities. Behavioral changes of children with ASD participating in 9 weeks of equines assisted activities (EAA) (N = 10) were compared to behavioral changes of children who participated in a non-equine intervention (N = 8). Parents noted significant improvements in their child's physical, emotional and social functioning following the first 6 weeks of EAA. The children participating in the non-equine program also demonstrated improvement in behavior, but to a lesser degree. The favorable outcome of this study lends support for continuation of programs utilizing EAA in the treatment of children with ASD. C1 [Lanning, Beth A.] Baylor Univ, Hlth Human Performance & Recreat Dept, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Baier, Margaret E. Matyastik] Baylor Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Ivey-Hatz, Julie] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Krenek, Nancy] ROCK, Georgetown, TX USA. [Tubbs, Jack D.] Baylor Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1897 EP 1907 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2062-5 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400009 PM 24526337 ER PT J AU Zaidman-Zait, A Mirenda, P Duku, E Szatmari, P Georgiades, S Volden, J Zwaigenbaum, L Vaillancourt, T Bryson, S Smith, I Fombonne, E Roberts, W Waddell, C Thompson, A AF Zaidman-Zait, Anat Mirenda, Pat Duku, Eric Szatmari, Peter Georgiades, Stelios Volden, Joanne Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Vaillancourt, Tracy Bryson, Susan Smith, Isabel Fombonne, Eric Roberts, Wendy Waddell, Charlotte Thompson, Ann CA Pathways ASD Study Team TI Examination of Bidirectional Relationships Between Parent Stress and Two Types of Problem Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Parenting stress; Externalizing behavior; Internalizing behavior ID INDEX-SHORT FORM; STONES TRIPLE-P; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; MOTHERS; IMPACT; DISABILITIES AB Path analysis within a structural equation modeling framework was employed to examine the relationships between two types of parent stress and children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors over a 4-year period, in a sample of 184 mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1908 EP 1917 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2064-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400010 PM 24550079 ER PT J AU Kulage, KM Smaldone, AM Cohn, EG AF Kulage, Kristine M. Smaldone, Arlene M. Cohn, Elizabeth G. TI How Will DSM-5 Affect Autism Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE DSM-5; Autism spectrum disorder; PDD-NOS; Diagnosis; Public health policy ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IV-TR; PROPOSED DSM-5; CHILDREN; CRITERIA; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; TODDLERS AB We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5 on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explore policy implications. We identified 418 studies; 14 met inclusion criteria. Studies consistently reported decreases in ASD diagnosis (range 7.3-68.4 %) using DSM-5 criteria. There were statistically significant pooled decreases in ASD [31 % (20-44), p = 0.006] and DSM-IV-TR subgroups of Autistic disorder [22 % (16-29), p < 0.001] and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) [70 % (55-82), p = 0.01]; however, Asperger's disorder pooled decrease was not significant [70 % (26-94), p = 0.38]. DSM-5 will likely decrease the number of individuals diagnosed with ASD, particularly the PDD-NOS subgroup. Research is needed on policies regarding services for individuals lacking diagnosis but requiring assistance. C1 [Kulage, Kristine M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Kulage, Kristine M.] Columbia Univ, Off Scholarship & Res Dev, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Smaldone, Arlene M.; Cohn, Elizabeth G.] Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Kulage, KM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Off Scholarship & Res Dev, Sch Nursing, 630 West 168th St,Box 6, New York, NY 10032 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1918 EP 1932 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2065-2 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400011 PM 24531932 ER PT J AU Hoefman, R Payakachat, N van Exel, J Kuhlthau, K Kovacs, E Pyne, J Tilford, JM AF Hoefman, Renske Payakachat, Nalin van Exel, Job Kuhlthau, Karen Kovacs, Erica Pyne, Jeffrey Tilford, J. Mick TI Caring for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parents' Quality of Life: Application of the CarerQol SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Family caregiving; Subjective burden; Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); Quality of life; CarerQol; Construct validation ID INFORMAL CARE; CAREGIVER BURDEN; STRESS PROLIFERATION; ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS; DEPRESSED MOOD; MENTAL-HEALTH; IMPACT; FAMILY; ASD; INSTRUMENT AB This study describes the impact of caregiving on parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Secondly, we investigate construct validation of the care-related quality of life instrument (CarerQol) measuring impact of caregiving. Primary caregivers of children with ASDs were included. Many parents experienced considerable problems combining daily activities with care, had financial problems or suffered from depressive mood. Validity tests showed that a higher impact of caring on the CarerQol was positively associated with higher subjective burden and lower family quality of life. Most of the associations between CarerQol scores and background characteristics confirmed previous research. The CarerQol validly measures the impact of caregiving for children with ASDs on caregivers in our sample. The CarerQol may therefore be useful for including parent outcomes in research on ASDs. C1 [Hoefman, Renske; van Exel, Job] Erasmus Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Payakachat, Nalin] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Div Pharmaceut Evaluat & Policy, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kovacs, Erica] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Pyne, Jeffrey] Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Ctr Mental Hlth Outcomes Res, Little Rock, AR USA. [Tilford, J. Mick] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Hoefman, R (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1933 EP 1945 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2066-1 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400012 PM 24577786 ER PT J AU Medeiros, K Winsler, A AF Medeiros, Kristen Winsler, Adam TI Parent-Child Gesture Use During Problem Solving in Autistic Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Gesture; Receptive communication; Parent-child interaction ID JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INFANT INTERACTION; INTERVENTION; SKILLS; BEHAVIORS AB This study examined the relationship between child language skills and parent and child gestures of 58 youths with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Frequencies and rates of total gesture use as well as five categories of gestures (deictic, conventional, beat, iconic, and metaphoric) were reliably coded during the collaborative Tower of Hanoi task. Children with ASD had lower Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores and gestured less and at lower rates compared to typically developing children. Gesture use was unrelated to vocabulary for typically developing children, but positively associated with vocabulary for those with ASD. Demographic correlates of gesturing differed by group. Gesture may be a point of communication intervention for families with children with ASD. C1 [Medeiros, Kristen] SUNY Coll New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Winsler, Adam] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Medeiros, K (reprint author), SUNY Coll New Paltz, 600 Hawk Dr,JFT 306, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. 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TI Age Related Differences of Executive Functioning Problems in Everyday Life of Children and Adolescents in the Autism Spectrum SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Autism severity; Behavioral Rating Inventory Executive Functions (BRIEF); Development; Executive functioning ID BEHAVIOR RATING INVENTORY; LATENT-VARIABLE ANALYSIS; SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MULTIPLE CASE SERIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CENTRAL COHERENCE; LATE CHILDHOOD; REAL-WORLD AB Numerous studies investigated executive functioning (EF) problems in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using laboratory EF tasks. As laboratory task performances often differ from real life observations, the current study focused on EF in everyday life of 118 children and adolescents with ASD (6-18 years). We investigated age-related and individual differences in EF problems as reported by parents on the Behavioral Rating Inventory Executive Functions (BRIEF: Gioia et al. in Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odesse 2000), and examined the association with autism severity. Inhibition problems were mostly found in the youngest group (6- to 8-year-olds), whereas problems with planning where more evident for 12- to 14-year-olds as compared to 9- to 11-year-olds. In a subsample of participants meeting the ADOS ASD cut-off criteria the age related differences in planning were absent, while problems with cognitive flexibility were less apparent in 15- to 18-year-olds, compared to 9- to 11-, and 12- to 14-year olds. EF problems surpassing the clinical cutoff were only observed in 20 % (planning) to 51 % (cognitive flexibility) of the children and adolescents, and no relation was found with ASD symptom severity. This underlines the heterogeneous nature of ASD. C1 [van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Autism Clin, Res & Dev, NL-6865 XZ Doorwerth, Netherlands. [van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol Brain & Cognit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van den Bergh, Sanne F. W. M.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Dutch Autism & ADHD Res Ctr dArc, NL-1018 XA Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Scheeren, Anke M.; Begeer, Sander; Koot, Hans M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Dev Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Scheeren, Anke M.; Begeer, Sander; Koot, Hans M.] ARA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Scheeren, Anke M.; Begeer, Sander; Koot, Hans M.] EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Begeer, Sander] Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Geurts, Hilde M.] Cognit Sci Ctr Amsterdam, NL-1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Geurts, HM (reprint author), Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Autism Clin, Res & Dev, Houtsniplaan 1, NL-6865 XZ Doorwerth, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1959 EP 1971 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2071-4 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400014 PM 24562693 ER PT J AU Filipe, MG Frota, S Castro, SL Vicente, SG AF Filipe, Marisa G. Frota, Sonia Castro, Sao Luis Vicente, Selene G. TI Atypical Prosody in Asperger Syndrome: Perceptual and Acoustic Measurements SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Atypical prosody; Autism spectrum disorders; Intonation ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTOMATED VOCAL ANALYSIS; LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REVISED VERSION; CHILDREN; INTONATION; SPEECH; ADOLESCENTS AB It is known that individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS) may show no problems with regard to what is said (e.g., lexical content) but tend to have difficulties in how utterances are produced, i.e., they may show prosodic impairments. In the present study, we focus on the use of prosodic features to express grammatical meaning. Specifically, we explored the sentence type difference between statements and questions that is conveyed by intonation, using perceptual and acoustic measurements. Children aged 8 and 9 years with AS (n = 12) were matched according to age and nonverbal intelligence with typically developing peers (n = 17). Although children with AS could produce categorically accurate prosodic patterns, their prosodic contours were perceived as odd by adult listeners, and acoustic measurements showed alterations in duration and pitch. Additionally, children with AS had greater variability in fundamental frequency contours compared to typically developing peers. C1 [Filipe, Marisa G.; Castro, Sao Luis; Vicente, Selene G.] Univ Porto, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, Speech Lab, P-4200135 Oporto, Portugal. [Frota, Sonia] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Linguist, P-1600214 Lisbon, Portugal. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1972 EP 1981 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2073-2 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400015 PM 24590408 ER PT J AU Zainal, H Magiati, I Tan, JWL Sung, M Fung, DSS Howlin, P AF Zainal, Hani Magiati, Iliana Tan, Julianne Wen-Li Sung, Min Fung, Daniel S. S. Howlin, Patricia TI A Preliminary Investigation of the Spence Children's Anxiety Parent Scale as a Screening Tool for Anxiety in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Anxiety; Assessment; Screening; Psychometric; Measurement ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH AB Despite high rates of clinically elevated anxiety difficulties in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), very few studies have systematically examined the usefulness of commonly used caregiver report anxiety screening tools with this population. This study investigated the use of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent version (SCAS-P) as a screening tool for anxiety disorders when compared to a standardized DSM-IV-TR-based clinical interview, the Kiddie-Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Thirty-two caregivers of youth with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (mean age 10.3 years) attending a specialist autism school participated in this study. They first completed the SCAS-P, a measure of adaptive functioning and a checklist of other emotional and behavioral difficulties. They were then interviewed with the K-SADS-PL. Internal consistency for the SCAS Total score was .88, but Cronbach's alphas were <.70 in three of the six SCAS-P subscales. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the SCAS-P against K-SADS diagnosis were .75, .71, .27, and .95, respectively. All values were >.70, except for the PPV. Evidence of convergent validity between the SCAS-P, K-SADS-PL and DBC anxiety subscale was also found. The high false positive rates notwithstanding, the preliminary data of acceptable to excellent sensitivity, specificity and NPV values tentatively suggest that the SCAS-P may be useful for screening non-help seeking young people with ASD for elevated anxiety symptoms. Further replication in larger studies is needed and ways in which the SCAS-P could be further developed and investigated for use with youth with ASD are discussed. C1 [Zainal, Hani; Magiati, Iliana; Tan, Julianne Wen-Li] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117570, Singapore. [Sung, Min; Fung, Daniel S. S.] Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Buangkok, Singapore. [Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, Fac Hlth Sci, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1982 EP 1994 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2075-0 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400016 PM 24573336 ER PT J AU Zainal, H Magiati, I Tan, JWL Sung, M Fung, DSS Howlin, P AF Zainal, Hani Magiati, Iliana Tan, Julianne Wen-Li Sung, Min Fung, Daniel S. S. Howlin, Patricia TI A Preliminary Investigation of the Spence Children's Anxiety Parent Scale as a Screening Tool for Anxiety in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (vol 44, pg 1982, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Zainal, Hani; Magiati, Iliana; Tan, Julianne Wen-Li] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117570, Singapore. [Sung, Min; Fung, Daniel S. S.] Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Buangkok, Singapore. [Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Magiati, I (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, AS4,9 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore. EM psyim@nus.edu.sg CR Zainal H, 2014, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V44, P1982, DOI 10.1007/s10803-014-2075-0 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1995 EP 1995 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2090-1 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400017 ER PT J AU Hus, V Lord, C AF Hus, Vanessa Lord, Catherine TI The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Module 4: Revised Algorithm and Standardized Severity Scores SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; Adults; Severity ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADULTS; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVIEW; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN; AVERAGE; SCALE; IQ AB The recently published Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2) includes revised diagnostic algorithms and standardized severity scores for modules used to assess younger children. A revised algorithm and severity scores are not yet available for Module 4, used with verbally fluent adults. The current study revises the Module 4 algorithm and calibrates raw overall and domain totals to provide metrics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom severity. Sensitivity and specificity of the revised Module 4 algorithm exceeded 80 % in the overall sample. Module 4 calibrated severity scores provide quantitative estimates of ASD symptom severity that are relatively independent of participant characteristics. These efforts increase comparability of ADOS scores across modules and should facilitate efforts to examine symptom trajectories from toddler to adulthood. C1 [Hus, Vanessa; Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hus, Vanessa; Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hus, V (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1996 EP 2012 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2080-3 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400018 PM 24590409 ER PT J AU Frazier, TW Thompson, L Youngstrom, EA Law, P Hardan, AY Eng, C Morris, N AF Frazier, Thomas W. Thompson, Lee Youngstrom, Eric A. Law, Paul Hardan, Antonio Y. Eng, Charis Morris, Nathan TI A Twin Study of Heritable and Shared Environmental Contributions to Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Twins; Genetic; Heritability; Environment; Diagnosis ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION ANALYSIS; COPY-NUMBER-VARIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENERAL-POPULATION; GENETIC ETIOLOGY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PATERNAL AGE; RISK-FACTORS; TRAITS AB The present study examined genetic and shared environment contributions to quantitatively-measured autism symptoms and categorically-defined autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants included 568 twins from the Interactive Autism Network. Autism symptoms were obtained using the Social Communication Questionnaire and Social Responsiveness Scale. Categorically-defined ASD was based on clinical diagnoses. DeFries-Fulker and liability threshold models examined etiologic influences. Very high heritability was observed for extreme autism symptom levels (). Extreme levels of social and repetitive behavior symptoms were strongly influenced by common genetic factors. Heritability of categorically-defined ASD diagnosis was comparatively low (.21, 95 % CI 0.15-0.28). High heritability of extreme autism symptom levels confirms previous observations of strong genetic influences on autism. Future studies will require large, carefully ascertained family pedigrees and quantitative symptom measurements. C1 [Frazier, Thomas W.] Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Frazier, Thomas W.; Eng, Charis] Cleveland Clin, Genom Med Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Thompson, Lee] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Youngstrom, Eric A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Law, Paul] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, Paul] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Interact Autism Network, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Eng, Charis] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Morris, Nathan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Frazier, TW (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. 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Further research is necessary to accurately differentiate high ability students with ASD from those without the disorder, and thus decrease the risk of misdiagnosis. The purpose of the present study is to provide an empirical account of the intellectual, adaptive, and psychosocial functioning of high ability youth with and without ASD utilizing a group study design. Forty youth with high cognitive ability and ASD and a control group of 41 youth with high cognitive ability and no psychological diagnosis were included in the study. In comparison to the control group, the ASD group showed poorer functioning on measures of processing speed, adaptive skills, and broad psychological functioning, as perceived by parents and teachers. These findings have significant implications for diagnosing ASD among those with high ability, and the development of related psychological and educational interventions to address talent domains and areas of concern. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2026 EP 2040 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2082-1 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400020 PM 24584434 ER PT J AU McGillivray, JA Evert, HT AF McGillivray, J. A. Evert, H. T. TI Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Program Shows Potential in Reducing Symptoms of Depression and Stress Among Young People with ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; CBT intervention; Group; Anxiety; Depression; Stress; Negative and anxious self talk ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ANXIETY DISORDERS; SELF-STATEMENTS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; YOUTH; CBT AB We examined the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered in groups on the reduction of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in young people on the autism spectrum. Utilising a quasi-experimental design, comparisons were made between individuals allocated to a group intervention program and individuals allocated to a waitlist. Following the intervention program, participants who were initially symptomatic reported significantly lower depression and stress scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in comparison to individuals on the waitlist. There was no significant change in anxiety related symptoms. The benefits were maintained at 3 and 9 month follow-up. Our findings demonstrate the potential of CBT in a small group setting for assisting young people with ASD who have symptoms of depression and stress. C1 [McGillivray, J. A.; Evert, H. T.] Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Mental Hlth & Wellbeing Res, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. RP McGillivray, JA (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Ctr Mental Hlth & Wellbeing Res, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2041 EP 2051 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2087-9 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400021 PM 24634065 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Yan, TT Du, YS Liu, XH AF Zhang, Wei Yan, Ting-ting Du, Ya-song Liu, Xiao-hong TI Brief Report: Effects of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Group-Work on Promoting Post-traumatic Growth of Mothers Who Have a Child with ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Mothers; Post-traumatic growth; Solution-focused brief therapy; Group counseling ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS; OPTIMISM AB The study evaluated the impact of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) group-work on the post-traumatic growth (PTG) of mothers who have a child with ASD. A quasi-experimental design was used in which 43 mothers participated. 18 mothers in 2 SFBT groups (n = 9 in each group) received a 6-session SFBT group therapy while 25 mothers in a control group received no treatment. The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory was used to measure the PTG levels of the participants at baseline, post-treatment and 6-month follow-up assessments. Mothers who attended SFBT group-work reported higher PTG scores both at post-treatment (t = 4.065, p = .001) and 6-month follow-up (t = 2.980, p = .006) assessments. Further investigations to prove whether SFBT in groups can increase the positivity of clients would promote the use of SFBT. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Yan, Ting-ting; Liu, Xiao-hong] Second Mil Med Univ, Sch Nursing, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Du, Ya-song] Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Liu, XH (reprint author), Second Mil Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. 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Vivanti, Giacomo Dissanayake, Cheryl TI Brief Report: Evidence for Normative Resting-State Physiology in Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Resting-state physiology; Autism; Pupillometry; Baseline; Eye-tracking; Autonomic nervous system ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTONOMIC RESPONSES; PUPIL SIZE; CHILDREN; REACTIVITY; LANGUAGE; AROUSAL; FACES AB Although the conception of autism as a disorder of abnormal resting-state physiology has a long history, the evidence remains mixed. Using state-of-the-art eye-tracking pupillometry, resting-state (tonic) pupil size was measured in children with and without autism. No group differences in tonic pupil size were found, and tonic pupil size was not related to age or cognitive ability in either group, and nor was it related to autistic symptoms. 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TI Brief Report: Generalisation of Word-Picture Relations in Children with Autism and Typically Developing Children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Words; Understanding pictures; Generalisation; Shape bias; Colour ID DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE; SHAPE AB We investigated whether low-functioning children with autism generalise labels from colour photographs based on sameness of shape, colour, or both. Children with autism and language-matched controls were taught novel words paired with photographs of unfamiliar objects, and then sorted pictures and objects into two buckets according to whether or not they were also referents of the newly-learned labels. Stimuli matched depicted referents on shape and/or colour. Children with autism extended labels to items that matched depicted objects on shape and colour, but also frequently generalised to items that matched on only shape or colour. 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[Hadjikhani, Nouchine] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [Bourgeron, Thomas] Inst Pasteur, Human Genet & Cognit Funct Unit, Paris, France. [Neville, Brian] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Neurosci Unit, London WC1N 3LU, England. [Neville, Brian] Young Epilepsy, Lingfield RH7 6PW, Surrey, England. [Taylor, David] Univ Manchester, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Minnis, Helen; Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Glasgow, Inst Hlth & Wellbeing, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Gillberg, Christopher] UCL Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 3LU, England. RP Fernell, E (reprint author), Gothenburg Univ, Sahlgrenska Acad, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2084 EP 2085 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2054-5 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AM3DN UT WOS:000339732400030 ER PT J AU McGrath, LM Yu, DM Marshall, C Davis, LK Thiruvahindrapuram, B Li, BB Cappi, C Gerber, G Wolf, A Schroeder, FA Osiecki, L O'Dushlaine, C Kirby, A Illmann, C Haddad, S Gallagher, P Fagerness, JA Barr, CL Bellodi, L Benarroch, F Bienvenu, OJ Black, DW Bloch, MH Bruun, RD Budman, CL Camarena, B Cath, DC Cavallini, MC Chouinard, S Coric, V Cullen, B Delorme, R Denys, D Derks, EM Dion, Y Rosario, MC Eapen, V Evans, P Falkai, P Fernandez, TV Garrido, H Geller, D Grabe, HJ Grados, MA Greenberg, BD Gross-Tsur, V Gruenblatt, E Heiman, GA Hemmings, SMJ Herrera, LD Hounie, AG Jankovic, J Kennedy, JL King, RA Kurlan, R Lanzagorta, N Leboyer, M Leckman, JF Lennertz, L Lochner, C Lowe, TL Lyon, GJ Macciardi, F Maier, W McCracken, JT McMahon, W Murphy, DL Naarden, AL Neale, BM Nurmi, E Pakstis, AJ Pato, MT Pato, CN Piacentini, J Pittenger, C Pollak, Y Reus, VI Richter, MA Riddle, M Robertson, MM Rosenberg, D Rouleau, GA Ruhrmann, S Sampaio, AS Samuels, J Sandor, P Sheppard, B Singer, HS Smit, JH Stein, DJ Tischrield, JA Vallada, H Veenstra-VanderWeele, J Walitza, S Wang, Y Wendfand, JR Shugart, YY Miguel, EC Nicolini, H Oostra, BA Moessner, R Wagner, M Ruiz-Linares, A Heutink, P Nestadt, G Freimer, N Petryshen, T Posthuma, D Jenike, MA Cox, NJ Hanna, GL Brentani, H Scherer, SW Arnold, PD Stewart, SE Mathews, CA Knowles, JA Cook, EH Pauls, DL Wang, K Scharf, JM AF McGrath, Lauren M. Yu, Dongmei Marshall, Christian Davis, Lea K. Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma Li, Bingbin Cappi, Carolina Gerber, Gloria Wolf, Aaron Schroeder, Frederick A. Osiecki, Lisa O'Dushlaine, Colm Kirby, Andrew Illmann, Cornelia Haddad, Stephen Gallagher, Patience Fagerness, Jesen A. Barr, Cathy L. Bellodi, Laura Benarroch, Fortu Bienvenu, O. Joseph Black, Donald W. Bloch, Michael H. Bruun, Ruth D. Budman, Cathy L. Camarena, Beatriz Cath, Danielle C. Cavallini, Maria C. Chouinard, Sylvain Coric, Vladimir Cullen, Bernadette Delorme, Richard Denys, Damiaan Derks, Eske M. Dion, Yves Rosario, Maria C. Eapen, Valsama Evans, Patrick Falkai, Peter Fernandez, Thomas V. Garrido, Helena Geller, Daniel Grabe, Hans J. Grados, Marco A. Greenberg, Benjamin D. Gross-Tsur, Varda Gruenblatt, Edna Heiman, Gary A. Hemmings, Sian M. J. Herrera, Luis D. Hounie, Ana G. Jankovic, Joseph Kennedy, James L. King, Robert A. Kurlan, Roger Lanzagorta, Nuria Leboyer, Marion Leckman, James F. Lennertz, Leonhard Lochner, Christine Lowe, Thomas L. Lyon, Gholson J. Macciardi, Fabio Maier, Wolfgang McCracken, James T. McMahon, William Murphy, Dennis L. Naarden, Allan L. Neale, Benjamin M. Nurmi, Erika Pakstis, Andrew J. Pato, Michele T. Pato, Carlos N. Piacentini, John Pittenger, Christopher Pollak, Yehuda Reus, Victor I. Richter, Margaret A. Riddle, Mark Robertson, Mary M. Rosenberg, David Rouleau, Guy A. Ruhrmann, Stephan Sampaio, Aline S. Samuels, Jack Sandor, Paul Sheppard, Brooke Singer, Harvey S. Smit, Jan H. Stein, Dan J. Tischrield, Jay A. Vallada, Homero Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy Walitza, Susanne Wang, Ying Wendfand, Jens R. Shugart, Yin Yao Miguel, Euripedes C. Nicolini, Humberto Oostra, Ben A. Moessner, Rainald Wagner, Michael Ruiz-Linares, Andres Heutink, Peter Nestadt, Gerald Freimer, Nelson Petryshen, Tracey Posthuma, Danielle Jenike, Michael A. Cox, Nancy J. Hanna, Gregory L. Brentani, Helena Scherer, Stephen W. Arnold, Paul D. Stewart, S. Evelyn Mathews, Carol A. Knowles, James A. Cook, Edwin H. Pauls, David L. Wang, Kai Scharf, Jeremiah M. TI Copy Number Variation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Tourette syndrome; obsessive-compulsive disorder; copy number variation; genetics; 16p13.11 ID RARE CHROMOSOMAL DELETIONS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DE-NOVO CNVS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; 16P13.11 PREDISPOSE; VARIANTS; DUPLICATIONS; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; GENETICS AB Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (<1%) copy number variants (CNVs) in OCD and the largest genome-wide CNV analysis in TS to date. Method: The primary analyses used a cross-disorder design for 2,699 case patients (1,613 ascertained for OCD, 1,086 ascertained for TS) and 1,789 controls. Parental data facilitated a de novo analysis in 348 OCD trios. Results: Although no global CNV burden was detected in the cross-disorder analysis or in secondary, disease-specific analyses, there was a 3.3-fold increased burden of large deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (p = .09). Half of these neurodevelopmental deletions were located in a single locus, 16p13.11 (5 case patient deletions: 0 control deletions, p = .08 in the current study, p = .025 compared to published controls). Three 16p13.11 deletions were confirmed de novo, providing further support for the etiological significance of this region. The overall OCD de novo rate was 1.4%, which is intermediate between published rates in controls (0.7%) and in individuals with autism or schizophrenia (2-4%). Conclusion: Several converging lines of evidence implicate 16p13.11 deletions in OCD, with weaker evidence for a role in TS. The trend toward increased overall neurodevelopmental CNV burden in TS and OCD suggests that deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders may also contribute to these phenotypes. C1 [Haddad, Stephen; Fagerness, Jesen A.; Petryshen, Tracey] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Stewart, S. Evelyn] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [McGrath, Lauren M.] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Scharf, Jeremiah M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McGrath, Lauren M.; O'Dushlaine, Colm; Neale, Benjamin M.] Harvard Brood Inst, Boston, MA USA. [Marshall, Christian; Barr, Cathy L.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Marshall, Christian; Barr, Cathy L.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Schroeder, Frederick A.; Barr, Cathy L.] Univ Hlth Network, Toronto Western Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kennedy, James L.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Davis, Lea K.; Evans, Patrick] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vallada, Homero; Miguel, Euripedes C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Med School, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bellodi, Laura] Univ Vita Salute Son Raffaele, Milan, Italy. [Benarroch, Fortu] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Bienvenu, O. Joseph; Cullen, Bernadette; Grados, Marco A.; Samuels, Jack; Singer, Harvey S.; Nestadt, Gerald] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Black, Donald W.] Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. [Bloch, Michael H.; Coric, Vladimir; Fernandez, Thomas V.; Leckman, James F.; Pakstis, Andrew J.; Pittenger, Christopher] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Bruun, Ruth D.; Budman, Cathy L.] North Shore Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, New Hyde Pk, NY USA. [Budman, Cathy L.] Hofstra Univ, Sch Med, Hempstead, NY USA. [Bruun, Ruth D.] NYU, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Camarena, Beatriz] Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente Muniz, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Cath, Danielle C.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cath, Danielle C.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Smit, Jan H.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cavallini, Maria C.] Osped San Raffoe, Milan, Italy. [Chouinard, Sylvain; Dion, Yves] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Delorme, Richard; Leboyer, Marion] Robert Debre Univ Hosp, Paris, France. [Delorme, Richard; Dion, Yves] French Notional Sci Fdn, Creteil, France. [Delorme, Richard] Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Inst Mondor Rech Biomed, Creteil, France. [Denys, Damiaan] Netherlands Inst Neurosci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Denys, Damiaan; Derks, Eske M.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sampaio, Aline S.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sampaio, Aline S.] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Eapen, Valsama] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Falkai, Peter] Univ Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Garrido, Helena] Hosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Garrido, Helena] Clin Herrera Amighetti, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Grabe, Hans J.] Univ Med Greifswald, Greifswold, Germany. [Greenberg, Benjamin D.] Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. [Gross-Tsur, Varda; Pollak, Yehuda] Shoare Zedek Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. [Gruenblatt, Edna] Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Walitza, Susanne] Univ Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany. [Heiman, Gary A.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway Township, NJ USA. [Jankovic, Joseph] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kurlan, Roger] Atlant Neurosci Inst, Summit, NJ USA. [Lanzagorta, Nuria] Corracci Med Grp, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Lennertz, Leonhard; Maier, Wolfgang; Wagner, Michael] Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [Hemmings, Sian M. J.] Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Lowe, Thomas L.; Sheppard, Brooke] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Lyon, Gholson J.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [McCracken, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Freimer, Nelson] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Freimer, Nelson] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA USA. [McMahon, William] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Murphy, Dennis L.; Wendfand, Jens R.] NIMH, Intramural Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Naarden, Allan L.] Med City Dallas Hosp, Dallas, TX USA. [Pato, Michele T.; Pato, Carlos N.; Wang, Ying] Zilkho Neurogenet Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Richter, Margaret A.] Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. [Robertson, Mary M.] UCL, London, England. [Rosenberg, David] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Rosenberg, David] Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. [Rouleau, Guy A.] Montreal Neurol Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Ruhrmann, Stephan] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Smit, Jan H.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stein, Dan J.] Univ Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa. [Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Oostra, Ben A.] Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Heutink, Peter] German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Bonn, Germany. [Heutink, Peter] VU Med Ctr Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Posthuma, Danielle] VU Amsterdam & Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Hanna, Gregory L.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cook, Edwin H.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Scharf, JM (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM ischarf@partners.org RI Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Stewart, Evelyn/K-6961-2014; Vallada, Homero/D-1333-2014; Nurmi, Erika/P-4627-2014; Stein, Dan/A-1752-2008 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Vallada, Homero/0000-0001-5123-8295; Nurmi, Erika/0000-0003-4893-8957; Stein, Dan/0000-0001-7218-7810 FU David Judah Fund; Tourette Syndrome Association; International OCD Foundation; National Institutes of Health [TSA International Consortium for Genetics] [U01NS40024, R01NS16648, R01MH079489, MH073250, K23MH085057, T32MH16259, NS037484, P30NS062691, K20MH01065, R01MH58376, R01MH092293]; American Recovery and Re-investment Act (ARRA) awards [NS40024-07S1, NS16648-29S1]; New Jersey Center for Tourette Syndrome and Associated Disorders; German Research Foundation (DFG) [Fa 241/6-1]; Ontario Mental Health Foundation; NIH Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI) [U01 HG004422]; Gene Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) under GEI; NIH GEI [U01HG004438]; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; NIH contract "High throughput genotyping for studying the genetic contributions to human disease" [HHSN268200782096C]; [T32MH018268] FX This work was supported by grants from the David Judah Fund, the Tourette Syndrome Association, the International OCD Foundation, and National Institutes of Health (U01NS40024: [D.L.P./J.M.S/TSA International Consortium for Genetics]; R01NS16648, R01MH079489, and MH073250 [D.L.P.]; K23MH085057 [J.M.S.]; T32MH16259 [L.M.M.]; NS037484 and P30NS062691 [N.B.F.]; K20MH01065 and R01MH58376 (G.L.H.); R01MH092293 [G.A.H./R.A.K./J.A.T.]). Support also came from American Recovery and Re-investment Act (ARRA) awards NS40024-07S1 and NS16648-29S1 (D.L.P.). This work was also supported by grants from the New Jersey Center for Tourette Syndrome and Associated Disorders, the German Research Foundation (Fa 241/6-1; DFG), the Ontario Mental Health Foundation (M.A.R. and J.L.K.), and T32MH018268 (J.F.L.). Funding support for the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE) was provided through the NIH Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI; U01 HG004422). SAGE is 1 of the genome-wide association studies funded as part of the Gene Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) under GEI. Assistance with phenotype harmonization and genotype cleaning, as well as with general study coordination, was provided by the GENEVA Coordinating Center (U01 HG004446). Assistance with data cleaning was provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Support for collection of datasets and samples was provided by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; U10M008401), the Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND; P01 CA089392), and the Family Study of Cocaine Dependence (FSCD; R01 DA013423). Funding support for genotyping, which was performed at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research, was provided by the NIH GEI (U01HG004438), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the NIH contract "High throughput genotyping for studying the genetic contributions to human disease" (HHSN268200782096C) The datasets used for the analyses described in this manuscript were obtained from dbGaP at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nlh.gov/projects/gap/cgibin/study.cgi?study_id=phs00 0092.vl.pl through dbGaP accession number phs000092.vl p None of the funding agencies for this protect had any influence on the design or conduct of the study; the management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 IS 8 BP 931 EP 931 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.06.001 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA AM5WY UT WOS:000339932900019 ER PT J AU Grove, R Baillie, A Allison, C Baron-Cohen, S Hoekstra, RA AF Grove, Rachel Baillie, Andrew Allison, Carrie Baron-Cohen, Simon Hoekstra, Rosa A. TI The latent structure of cognitive and emotional empathy in individuals with autism, first-degree relatives and typical individuals SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Empathy; autism; broader autism phenotype; factor analysis ID SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MALE BRAIN THEORY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; FAMILY-HISTORY; NORMAL ADULTS; FIT INDEXES; VALIDITY; MIND AB Background: Empathy is a vital component for social understanding involving the ability to recognise emotion (cognitive empathy) and provide an appropriate affective response (emotional empathy). Autism spectrum conditions have been described as disorders of empathy. First-degree relatives may show some mild traits of the autism spectrum, the broader autism phenotype (BAP). Whether both cognitive and emotional empathy, rather than cognitive empathy alone, are impaired in autism and the BAP is still under debate. Moreover the association between various aspects of empathy is unclear. This study aims to examine the relationship between different components of empathy across individuals with varying levels of genetic vulnerability to autism. Methods: Factor analyses utilising questionnaire and performance-based task data were implemented among individuals with autism, parents of a child with autism and controls. The relationship between performance-based tasks and behavioural measures of empathy was also explored. Results: A four-factor model including cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, social skills and a performance-based factor fitted the data best irrespective of genetic vulnerability. Individuals with autism displayed impairment on all four factors, with parents showing intermediate difficulties. Performance-based measures of empathy were related in almost equal magnitude to cognitive and emotional empathy latent factors and the social skills factor. Conclusions: This study suggests individuals with autism have difficulties with multiple facets of empathy, while parents show intermediate impairments, providing evidence for a quantitative BAP. Impaired scores on performance-based measures of empathy, often thought to be pure measures of cognitive empathy, were also related to much wider empathy difficulties than impairments in cognitive empathy alone. C1 [Grove, Rachel; Baillie, Andrew] Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Emot Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Hoekstra, Rosa A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Baron-Cohen, Simon] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, CLASS Clin, Cambridge, England. [Hoekstra, Rosa A.] Open Univ, Fac Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Grove, R (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Emot Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM rachel.grove@mq.edu.au FU Medical Research Council (UK); National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) [1017041] FX Acknowledgements We thank the individuals who participated in the study. This work was conducted in association with the NIHR CLAHRC for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. We acknowledge support from the Medical Research Council (UK) (program grant to SB-C). RG was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Postgraduate Scholarship (#1017041). 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Autism PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 42 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-42 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM6KY UT WOS:000339975000001 PM 25101164 ER PT J AU Robinson, EB Howrigan, D Yang, J Ripke, S Anttila, V Duncan, LE Jostins, L Barrett, JC Medland, SE MacArthur, DG Breen, G O'Donovan, MC Wray, NR Devlin, B Daly, MJ Visscher, PM Sullivan, PF Neale, BM AF Robinson, E. B. Howrigan, D. Yang, J. Ripke, S. Anttila, V. Duncan, L. E. Jostins, L. Barrett, J. C. Medland, S. E. MacArthur, D. G. Breen, G. O'Donovan, M. C. Wray, N. R. Devlin, B. Daly, M. J. Visscher, P. M. Sullivan, P. F. Neale, B. M. TI Response to 'Predicting the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder using gene pathway analysis' SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID ASSOCIATION; VARIANTS C1 [Robinson, E. B.; Howrigan, D.; Ripke, S.; Anttila, V.; MacArthur, D. G.; Daly, M. J.; Neale, B. M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Analyt & Translat Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Robinson, E. B.; Howrigan, D.; Ripke, S.; Anttila, V.; MacArthur, D. G.; Daly, M. J.; Neale, B. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Robinson, E. B.; Howrigan, D.; Ripke, S.; Anttila, V.; MacArthur, D. G.; Daly, M. J.; Neale, B. M.] Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Med & Populat Genet Program, Cambridge, MA USA. [Yang, J.; Wray, N. R.; Visscher, P. M.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Ripke, S.; Anttila, V.; Daly, M. J.; Neale, B. M.] Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Stanley Ctr Psychiat Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Duncan, L. E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Duncan, L. E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Duncan, L. E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jostins, L.; Barrett, J. C.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. [Medland, S. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 859 EP 861 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.125 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM7IR UT WOS:000340040200005 PM 24145379 ER PT J AU Ladd-Acosta, C Hansen, KD Briem, E Fallin, MD Kaufmann, WE Feinberg, AP AF Ladd-Acosta, C. Hansen, K. D. Briem, E. Fallin, M. D. Kaufmann, W. E. Feinberg, A. P. TI Common DNA methylation alterations in multiple brain regions in autism SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; brain; DNA methylation; epigenome; 450 k ID PAROXYSMAL KINESIGENIC DYSKINESIA; FAMILIAL INFANTILE CONVULSIONS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; CPG ISLAND SHORES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; FUNCTIONAL VARIANTS; WIDE ASSOCIATION; MUTATIONS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are increasingly common neurodevelopmental disorders defined clinically by a triad of features including impairment in social interaction, impairment in communication in social situations and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests, with considerable phenotypic heterogeneity among individuals. Although heritability estimates for ASD are high, conventional genetic-based efforts to identify genes involved in ASD have yielded only few reproducible candidate genes that account for only a small proportion of ASDs. There is mounting evidence to suggest environmental and epigenetic factors play a stronger role in the etiology of ASD than previously thought. To begin to understand the contribution of epigenetics to ASD, we have examined DNA methylation (DNAm) in a pilot study of postmortem brain tissue from 19 autism cases and 21 unrelated controls, among three brain regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum. We measured over 485 000 CpG loci across a diverse set of functionally relevant genomic regions using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and identified four genome-wide significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using a bump hunting approach and a permutation-based multiple testing correction method. We replicated 3/4 DMRs identified in our genome-wide screen in a different set of samples and across different brain regions. The DMRs identified in this study represent suggestive evidence for commonly altered methylation sites in ASD and provide several promising new candidate genes. C1 [Ladd-Acosta, C.; Fallin, M. D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ladd-Acosta, C.; Hansen, K. D.; Briem, E.; Fallin, M. D.; Feinberg, A. P.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Inst Basic Biomed Sci, Ctr Epigenet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Hansen, K. D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hansen, K. D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Med Genet, Baltimore, MD USA. [Briem, E.; Feinberg, A. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, W. E.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Feinberg, AP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Inst Basic Biomed Sci, Ctr Epigenet, 855N Wolfe St,Rangos 570, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM afeinberg@jhu.edu FU US National Institutes of Health Centers of Excellence in Genomic Science [5P50HG003233]; Department of Defense (CDMRP) [AR080125] FX We thank Daniel Geschwind and Neelroop Parikshak for sharing the PFC and TC samples, obtained from the Autism Tissue Program (ATP) of Autism Speaks, for these analyses. In addition, we would also like to thank the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at The University of Maryland for providing brain samples from the CBL brain region. This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health Centers of Excellence in Genomic Science, 5P50HG003233 to APF and Department of Defense (CDMRP) AR080125 to APF and WEK. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 862 EP 871 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.114 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM7IR UT WOS:000340040200006 PM 23999529 ER PT J AU Kenny, EM Cormican, P Furlong, S Kenny, EHG Fahey, C Kelleher, E Ennis, S Tropea, D Anney, R Corvin, P Donohoe, G Gallagher, L Gill, M Morris, DW AF Kenny, E. M. Cormican, P. Furlong, S. Kenny, E. Heron G. Fahey, C. Kelleher, E. Ennis, S. Tropea, D. Anney, R. Corvin, P. Donohoe, G. Gallagher, L. Gill, M. Morris, D. W. TI Excess of rare novel loss-of-function variants in synaptic genes in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; loss-of-function; mutation; schizophrenia; sequencing; synapse ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; RECURRENT REARRANGEMENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; TYROSINE KINASE; NMDA RECEPTORS; RISK-FACTOR AB Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders that may share an underlying pathology suggested by shared genetic risk variants. We sequenced the exonic regions of 215 genes in 147 ASD cases, 273 SZ cases and 287 controls, to identify rare risk mutations. Genes were primarily selected for their function in the synapse and were categorized as: (1) Neurexin and Neuroligin Interacting Proteins, (2) Post-synaptic Glutamate Receptor Complexes, (3) Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, (4) DISC1 and Interactors and (5) Functional and Positional Candidates. Thirty-one novel loss-of-function (LoF) variants that are predicted to severely disrupt protein-coding sequence were detected among 2 861 rare variants. We found an excess of LoF variants in the combined cases compared with controls (P = 0.02). This effect was stronger when analysis was limited to singleton LoF variants (P = 0.0007) and the excess was present in both SZ (P = 0.002) and ASD (P = 0.001). As an individual gene category, Neurexin and Neuroligin Interacting Proteins carried an excess of LoF variants in cases compared with controls (P = 0.05). A de novo nonsense variant in GRIN2B was identified in an ASD case adding to the growing evidence that this is an important risk gene for the disorder. These data support synapse formation and maintenance as key molecular mechanisms for SZ and ASD. C1 [Kenny, E. M.; Cormican, P.; Furlong, S.; Kenny, E. Heron G.; Fahey, C.; Kelleher, E.; Tropea, D.; Anney, R.; Corvin, P.; Donohoe, G.; Gallagher, L.; Gill, M.; Morris, D. W.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Inst Mol Med, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Ennis, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Med & Med Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Morris, DW (reprint author), St James Hosp, Inst Mol Med, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Room 0-80, Dublin 8, Ireland. EM derek.morris@tcd.ie FU Health Research Board (HRB Ireland) [HRA/2009/45]; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [08/IN.1/B1916]; SFI [07/RFP/GEN/F327/EC07]; HRB 4-Year PhD Programme in Molecular Medicine at TCD; Trinity Centre for High Performance Computing; Health Research Board (Ireland) FX We sincerely thank all patients who contributed to this study and all staff who facilitated their involvement. Funding for this study was provided by the Health Research Board (HRB Ireland; HRA/2009/45) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI; 08/IN.1/B1916). Next-generation sequencing was performed in TrinSeq (Trinity Genome Sequencing Laboratory; http://www.medicine.tcd.ie/sequencing), a core facility funded by SFI under Grant No. [07/RFP/GEN/F327/EC07] to Dr Morris. Ms Furlong's PhD studentship is funded by the HRB 4-Year PhD Programme in Molecular Medicine at TCD. We acknowledge use of the Trinity Biobank control sample and support from the Trinity Centre for High Performance Computing. This work was supported by grant funding from the Health Research Board (Ireland). 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We observed the appearance of bipolar disorder (BD) in a patient with a previously reported case of TS, who is one of the very few patients to survive childhood. This is most interesting because the common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) most highly associated with BD is rs1006737, which we show here is a cis-expression quantitative trait locus for CACNA1C in human cerebellum, and the risk allele (A) is associated with decreased expression. To combine the CACNA1C perturbations in the presence of BD in this patient and in patients with the common CACNA1C SNP risk allele, we would propose that either increase or decrease in calcium influx in excitable cells can be associated with BD. In treatment of BD with calcium channel blocking drugs, we would predict better response in patients without the risk allele, because they have increased CACNA1C expression. C1 [Gershon, E. S.; Grennan, K.; Busnello, J.; Badner, J. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 19 IS 8 BP 890 EP 894 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.107 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AM7IR UT WOS:000340040200009 PM 23979604 ER PT J AU Gauglerl, T Klei, L Sanders, SJ Bodea, CA Goldberg, AP Lee, AB Mahajan, ML Manaa, D Pawitan, YD Reichert, J Ripke, S Sandin, S Sklar, P Svantesson, O Reichenberg, A Hultman, CM Devlin, B Roeder, K Buxbaum, JD AF Gauglerl, Trent Klei, Lambertus Sanders, Stephan J. Bodea, Corneliu A. Goldberg, Arthur P. Lee, Ann B. Mahajan, Milind Manaa, Dina Pawitan, Yudi Reichert, Jennifer Ripke, Stephan Sandin, Sven Sklar, Pamela Svantesson, Oscar Reichenberg, Abraham Hultman, Christina M. Devlin, Bernie Roeder, Kathryn Buxbaum, Joseph D. TI Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HERITABILITY; VARIANTS; REVEALS; LOCI AB A key component of genetic architecture is the allelic spectrum influencing trait variability. For autism spectrum disorder (herein termed autism), the nature of the allelic spectrum is uncertain. Individual risk-associated genes have been identified from rare variation, especially de novo mutations(1-8). From this evidence, one might conclude that rare variation dominates the allelic spectrum in autism, yet recent studies show that common variation, individually of small effect, has substantial impact en masse(9,10). At issue is how much of an impact relative to rare variation this common variation has. Using a unique epidemiological sample from Sweden, new methods that distinguish total narrow-sense heritability from that due to common variation and synthesis of results from other studies, we reach several conclusions about autism's genetic architecture: its narrow-sense heritability is similar to 52.4%, with most due to common variation, and rare de novo mutations contribute substantially to individual liability, yet their contribution to variance in liability, 2.6%, is modest compared to that for heritable variation. C1 [Gauglerl, Trent; Bodea, Corneliu A.; Lee, Ann B.; Roeder, Kathryn] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Klei, Lambertus; Devlin, Bernie] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Sanders, Stephan J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA USA. [Sanders, Stephan J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT USA. [Goldberg, Arthur P.; Reichert, Jennifer; Reichenberg, Abraham; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY USA. [Goldberg, Arthur P.; Reichert, Jennifer; Sklar, Pamela; Reichenberg, Abraham; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Goldberg, Arthur P.; Sklar, Pamela] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Icahn Inst Genom & Multiscale Biol, New York, NY USA. [Mahajan, Milind; Manaa, Dina; Sklar, Pamela; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY USA. [Pawitan, Yudi; Sandin, Sven; Svantesson, Oscar; Hultman, Christina M.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. [Ripke, Stephan] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA USA. [Sklar, Pamela; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Friedman Brain Inst, New York, NY USA. [Sklar, Pamela] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Div Psychiat Gen, New York, NY USA. [Reichenberg, Abraham] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. [Roeder, Kathryn] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ray & Stephanie Lane Ctr Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mindich Child Hlth & Dev Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Roeder, K (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM roeder@stat.cmu.edu; joseph.buxbaum@mssm.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [MH057881, MH097849]; NIMH [MH095034, MH077139]; US NIH [HD055751, HD055782, HD055784, HD35465, MH52708, MH55284, MH57881, MH061009, MH06359, MH066673, MH080647, MH081754, MH66766, NS026630, NSO42165, NSO49261]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France; Autism Speaks, UK; Canada Foundation for Innovation/Ontario Innovation Trust; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany [Po 255/17-4]; European Community's Sixth Framework Programme AUTISM MOLGEN; Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Portugal; Fondation de France; Fondation FondaMental, France; Fondation Orange, France; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, France; Fundacao pars a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal; Hospital for Sick Children Foundation; University of Toronto, Canada; INSERM, France; Institut Pasteur, France; Italian Ministry of Health [181]; John P. Hussman Foundation, USA; McLaughlin Centre, Canada; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [Rubicon 825.06.031]; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences [TMF/DA/5801]; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, Canada; Seaver Foundation, USA; Swedish Science Council; Centre for Applied Genomics, Canada; Utah Autism Foundation, USA; Wellcome Trust, UK [075491/Z/04]; Division of Aging Biology and the Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging FX This study was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grants MH057881 and MH097849 and also in part through the computational resources and staff expertise provided by the Scientific Computing Facility at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. We thank the Mount Sinai Genomics Core Facility for carrying out Illumina bead array genotyping. We thank D. Cutler, M. Daly and S. Purcell for comments on the manuscript and M. Daly and P. Sullivan for facilitating access to control samples, collected and genotyped by M. Daly, C.M.H., P.S. and P. Sullivan with support from NIMH grants MH095034 and MH077139. We also thank the nurses, A.-K. Sundberg and A.-B. Holmgren, for their hard work in collecting the samples. AGP: We used data from the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium Whole-Genome Association and Copy Number Variation Study of over 2,600 parent-offspring trios (database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) study phs000267.v4.p2). Funding for AGP was provided from the US NIH (HD055751, HD055782, HD055784, HD35465, MH52708, MH55284, MH57881, MH061009, MH06359, MH066673, MH080647, MH081754, MH66766, NS026630, NSO42165 and NSO49261); the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France; Autism Speaks, UK; the Canada Foundation for Innovation/Ontario Innovation Trust; grant Po 255/17-4 from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany; the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme AUTISM MOLGEN; Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Portugal; Fondation de France; Fondation FondaMental, France; Fondation Orange, France; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, France; Fundacao pars a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal; The Hospital for Sick Children Foundation and the University of Toronto, Canada; INSERM, France; Institut Pasteur, France; Convention 181 of 19.10.2001 from the Italian Ministry of Health; the John P. Hussman Foundation, USA; the McLaughlin Centre, Canada; Rubicon 825.06.031 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; TMF/DA/5801 from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, Canada; the Seaver Foundation, USA; the Swedish Science Council; the Centre for Applied Genomics, Canada; the Utah Autism Foundation, USA; and Core award 075491/Z/04 from the Wellcome Trust, UK. Genotype and phenotype data were obtained from dbGaP, as provided by AGP study investigators. HealthABC: These controls were obtained from dbGaP. Funding support for the CIDR Visceral Adiposity Study (dbGaP study phs000169.v1.p1) was provided through the Division of Aging Biology and the Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging. The CIDR Visceral Adiposity Study includes a GWAS funded as part of the Division of Aging Biology and the Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging. Assistance with phenotype harmonization and genotype cleaning, as well as with general study coordination, was provided by Health ABC study investigators. This manuscript reflects the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the US NIH. 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In this paper, we describe design principles for smart objects to support the object discrimination training and present several example prototypes. First, we present the design and implementation of "Things that think" (T3), a smart device that converts traditional objects into smart objects that promote interactivity with a playful and engaging interaction, and are capable of the automatic recording of students' progress. Then, we present four T3 smart objects assembled in a board. The results of a 7-week deployment study of the use of such smart objects in three classrooms of students with autism (n = 25, 7 teachers and 18 students with autism) demonstrate T3 smart objects reduce the workload of teachers, ease the record-keeping and increase its reliability, and reduce students' behavioral problems while improving their cognitive efficacy. We close discussing directions for future work. C1 [Escobedo, Lizbeth; Ibarra, Catalina] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Hernandez, Jehu] Softek, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Alvelais, Mariana] Cetys Univ, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. [Tentori, Monica] Ctr Sci Res & Higher Educ CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Escobedo, L (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. EM lescobedo@uabc.edu.mx; catalina.ibarra@uabc.edu.mx; jehu.hdez@gmail.com; marina.alvelais@cetys.mx; mtentori@cicese.mx FU Lizbeth Escobedo's CONACYT fellowship; Catalina Ibarra's CONACYT fellowships; UCMexus Grant [634-237]; CONACYT Grant [10256] FX We thank to Pasitos A. C. for their support. This work was funded through Lizbeth Escobedo's and Catalina Ibarra's CONACYT fellowships and through the UCMexus Grant #634-237 and CONACYT Grant #10256. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 18 IS 6 SI SI BP 1485 EP 1497 DI 10.1007/s00779-013-0750-3 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA AM5IW UT WOS:000339891900018 ER PT J AU Warreyn, P Van der Paelt, S Roeyers, H AF Warreyn, Petra Van der Paelt, Sara Roeyers, Herbert TI Social-communicative abilities as treatment goals for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: the importance of imitation, joint attention, and play SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; OF-THE-LITERATURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRETEND PLAY; LANGUAGE; INTERVENTION; PREDICTORS; TODDLERS; INFANTS; SKILLS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder with a lifelong impact on multiple domains of functioning. Often, a diagnosis is possible by 3 years of age. Given the benefits of early intervention, it is advisable to start treatment as soon as possible after the diagnosis has been made. Among other factors, early intervention should focus on social-communicative abilities such as imitation, joint attention, and play. In this review, the typical developmental course and functions of these social-communicative abilities are described, and the problems young children with ASD experience in this domain. In addition, different approaches to promoting these abilities are explained. The authors recommend the inclusion of imitation, joint attention, and play as treatment goals in community settings for children with ASD. C1 [Warreyn, Petra; Van der Paelt, Sara; Roeyers, Herbert] Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Warreyn, P (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Res Grp Dev Disorders, H Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Petra.Warreyn@ugent.be FU ESF COST Action Enhancing the Scientific Study of Early Autism (ESSEA) [BM1004] FX The work of Herbert Roeyers and Petra Warreyn was supported by the ESF COST Action BM1004 Enhancing the Scientific Study of Early Autism (ESSEA). The authors have stated that they had no interests that might be perceived as posing a conflict or bias. 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J., 1999, PLAY IMAGINATION CHI Young GS, 2011, DEV PSYCHOL, V47, P1565, DOI 10.1037/a0025418 NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-1622 EI 1469-8749 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 56 IS 8 BP 712 EP 716 DI 10.1111/dmcn.12455 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA AL9VB UT WOS:000339489500008 PM 24713028 ER PT J AU Halldner, L Tillander, A Lundholm, C Boman, M Langstrom, N Larsson, H Lichtenstein, P AF Halldner, Linda Tillander, Annika Lundholm, Cecilia Boman, Marcus Langstrom, Niklas Larsson, Henrik Lichtenstein, Paul TI Relative immaturity and ADHD: findings from nationwide registers, parent- and self-reports SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; child development; pharmacotherapy; epidemiological studies ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; TELEPHONE INTERVIEW; AUTISM-TICS; A-TAC; AGE; BIRTH; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB Background: We addressed if immaturity relative to peers reflected in birth month increases the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We linked nationwide Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers and used prospective cohort and nested case-control designs to study 6-69 year-old individuals in Sweden from July 2005 to December 2009 (Cohort 1). Cohort 1 included 56,263 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or ever used prescribed ADHD-specific medication. Complementary population-representative cohorts provided DSM-IV ADHD symptom ratings; parent-reported for 10,760 9-year-old twins born 1995-2000 from the CATSS study (Cohort 2) and self-reported for 6,970 adult twins age 20-47 years born 1959-1970 from the STAGE study (Cohort 3). We calculated odds ratios (OR:s) for ADHD across age for individuals born in November/December compared to January/February (Cohort 1). ADHD symptoms in Cohorts 2 and 3 were studied as a function of calendar birth month. Results: ADHD diagnoses and medication treatment were both significantly more common in individuals born in November/December versus January/February; peaking at ages 6 (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5-2.2) and 7 years (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8) in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, respectively. We found no corresponding differences in parent-or self-reported ADHD symptoms by calendar birth month. Conclusion: Relative immaturity compared to class mates might contribute to ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy despite absence of parallel findings in reported ADHD symptom loads by relative immaturity. Increased clinical awareness of this phenomenon may be warranted to decrease risk for imprecise diagnostics and treatment. We speculate that flexibility regarding age at school start according to individual maturity could reduce developmentally inappropriate demands on children and improve the precision of ADHD diagnostic practice and pharmacological treatment. C1 [Halldner, Linda; Tillander, Annika; Lundholm, Cecilia; Boman, Marcus; Langstrom, Niklas; Larsson, Henrik; Lichtenstein, Paul] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. [Halldner, Linda] Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Inst Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, SE-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Halldner, L (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, CAP, Barn & Ungdomspsykiatriskt Forskningsctr, Gavlegatan 22B,Plan 8, SE-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda.halldner@ki.se FU Swedish Research Council [2010-3184]; Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND) FX This study was supported in part from Swedish Research Council (2010-3184) and Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND). The authors declare that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 55 IS 8 BP 897 EP 904 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12229 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AL8JO UT WOS:000339384700007 PM 24673585 ER PT J AU Corbett, BA Swain, DM Newsom, C Wang, L Song, Y Edgerton, D AF Corbett, Blythe A. Swain, Deanna M. Newsom, Cassandra Wang, Lily Song, Yanna Edgerton, Dale TI Biobehavioral profiles of arousal and social motivation in autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; cortisol; play; stress; social; interaction; behavior ID SALIVARY CORTISOL; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; PUBERTAL STATUS; CHILDREN; STRESS; PLAY; SKILLS; COMMUNICATION; VALIDITY; INTERVENTIONS AB Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are impaired in social communication and interaction with peers, which may reflect diminished social motivation. Many children with ASD show enhanced stress when playing with other children. This study investigated social and stress profiles of children with ASD during play. Methods: We utilized a peer interaction paradigm in a natural playground setting with 66 unmedicated, prepubertal, children aged 8-12 years [38 with ASD, 28 with typical development (TD)]. Salivary cortisol was collected before and after a 20-min playground interaction that was divided into periods of free and solicited play facilitated by a confederate child. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, mixed effects models, and Spearman correlations to assess the between-group differences in social and stress functioning, identify stress responders, and explore associations between variables, respectively. Results: There were no differences between the groups during unsolicited free play; however, during solicited play by the confederate, significant differences emerged such that children with ASD engaged in fewer verbal interactions and more self-play than the TD group. Regarding physiological arousal, children with ASD as a group showed relatively higher cortisol in response to social play; however, there was a broad range of responses. Moreover, those with the highest cortisol levels engaged in less social communication. Conclusions: The social interaction of children with ASD can be facilitated by peer solicitation; however, it may be accompanied by increased stress. The children with ASD that have the highest level of cortisol show less social motivation; yet, it is unclear if it reflects an underlying state of heightened arousal or enhanced reactivity to social engagement, or both. C1 [Corbett, Blythe A.; Newsom, Cassandra] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Corbett, Blythe A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Corbett, Blythe A.; Swain, Deanna M.; Newsom, Cassandra; Wang, Lily] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Wang, Lily; Song, Yanna] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Edgerton, Dale] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Corbett, BA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, PMB 40,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM blythe.corbett@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH085717]; National Institute of Child Development Grant [P30 HD15052]; NIH [DK059637, DK020593] FX The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health R01 MH085717 awarded to Blythe Corbett and a National Institute of Child Development Grant P30 HD15052 to Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (VKC). The authors thank Eric Allen (VUMC Hormone Assay and Analytical Services Core, supported by NIH grants DK059637 and DK020593) for validation and completion of the cortisol assays. The authors have declared that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 55 IS 8 BP 924 EP 934 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12184 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AL8JO UT WOS:000339384700010 PM 24329926 ER PT J AU Ausderau, KK Furlong, M Sideris, J Bulluck, J Little, LM Watson, LR Boyd, BA Belger, A Dickie, VA Baranek, GT AF Ausderau, Karla K. Furlong, Melissa Sideris, John Bulluck, John Little, Lauren M. Watson, Linda R. Boyd, Brian A. Belger, Aysenil Dickie, Virginia A. Baranek, Grace T. TI Sensory subtypes in children with autism spectrum disorder: latent profile transition analysis using a national survey of sensory features SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Children; autism; sensory; latent profile transition analysis; subtypes ID DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; EXPERIENCES QUESTIONNAIRE; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; OVER-RESPONSIVITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PATTERNS; INTERVENTIONS; POTENTIALS; PERCEPTION AB Background: Sensory features are highly prevalent and heterogeneous among children with ASD. There is a need to identify homogenous groups of children with ASD based on sensory features (i.e. sensory subtypes) to inform research and treatment. Methods: Sensory subtypes and their stability over 1 year were identified through latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) among a national sample of children with ASD. Data were collected from caregivers of children with ASD ages 2-12 years at two time points (Time 1 N = 1294; Time 2 N = 884). Results: Four sensory subtypes (Mild; Sensitive-Distressed; Attenuated-Preoccupied; Extreme-Mixed) were identified, which were supported by fit indices from the LPTA as well as current theoretical models that inform clinical practice. The Mild and Extreme-Mixed subtypes reflected quantitatively different sensory profiles, while the Sensitive-Distressed and Attenuated-Preoccupied subtypes reflected qualitatively different profiles. Further, subtypes reflected differential child (i.e. gender, developmental age, chronological age, autism severity) and family (i.e. income, mother's education) characteristics. Ninety-one percent of participants remained stable in their subtypes over 1 year. Conclusions: Characterizing the nature of homogenous sensory subtypes may facilitate assessment and intervention, as well as potentially inform biological mechanisms. C1 [Ausderau, Karla K.; Furlong, Melissa; Bulluck, John; Little, Lauren M.; Watson, Linda R.; Boyd, Brian A.; Dickie, Virginia A.; Baranek, Grace T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ausderau, Karla K.] Univ Wisconsin, Occupat Therapy Program, Dept Kinesiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sideris, John] Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Belger, Aysenil] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ausderau, KK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Med Sci Ctr 3195, Dept Kinesiol, Occupat Therapy Program, 1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kausderau@wisc.edu FU National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (ARRA Supplement) [A10-0589, R01-HD42168]; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center Autism Subject Registry at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [P30-HD03110] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (ARRA Supplement A10-0589; R01-HD42168) and The Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center Autism Subject Registry at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (P30-HD03110). The authors thank the families that participated in the study as well as the research team at the Sensory Experiences Project. They also thank Aaron Thompson at University of Missouri for sharing his expertise regarding latent profile transition analysis. They thank the Interactive Autism Network (IAN) Project at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Research Registry, and the multiple other autism organizations who assisted in recruitment. All authors have declared that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. CR Allison PD, 2001, MISSING DATA American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012, PEDIATRICS, V129, P1186, DOI [10.1542/peds.2012-0876, DOI 10.1542/PEDS.2012-0876] American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Ausderau K., 2013, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, P1 Baranek G. 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Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2014 VL 55 IS 8 BP 935 EP 944 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12219 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AL8JO UT WOS:000339384700011 PM 25039572 ER PT J AU Wolff, JJ Botteron, KN Dager, SR Elison, JT Estes, AM Gu, HB Hazlett, HC Pandey, J Paterson, SJ Schultz, RT Zwaigenbaum, L Piven, J AF Wolff, Jason J. Botteron, Kelly N. Dager, Stephen R. Elison, Jed T. Estes, Annette M. Gu, Hongbin Hazlett, Heather C. Pandey, Juhi Paterson, Sarah J. Schultz, Robert T. Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Piven, Joseph CA IBIS Network TI Longitudinal patterns of repetitive behavior in toddlers with autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; repetitive behavior; high-risk siblings ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; STEREOTYPED MOVEMENTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SIBLINGS; INFANTS; AGE; INDIVIDUALS; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; SAMPLE AB Background: Recent evidence suggests that restricted and repetitive behaviors may differentiate children who develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by late infancy. How these core symptoms manifest early in life, particularly among infants at high risk for the disorder, is not well characterized. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal parent-report data (Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised) were collected for 190 high-risk toddlers and 60 low-risk controls from 12 to 24 months of age. Forty-one high-risk children were classified with ASD at age 2. Profiles of repetitive behavior were compared between groups using generalized estimating equations. Results: Longitudinal profiles for children diagnosed with ASD differed significantly from high-and low-risk children without the disorder on all measures of repetitive behavior. High-risk toddlers without ASD were intermediate to low risk and ASD positive counterparts. Toddlers with ASD showed significantly higher rates of repetitive behavior across subtypes at the 12-month time point. Repetitive behaviors were significantly correlated with adaptive behavior and socialization scores among children with ASD at 24 months of age, but were largely unrelated to measures of general cognitive ability. Conclusions: These findings suggest that as early as 12 months of age, a broad range of repetitive behaviors are highly elevated in children who go on to develop ASD. While some degree of repetitive behavior is elemental to typical early development, the extent of these behaviors among children who develop ASD appears highly atypical. C1 [Wolff, Jason J.; Hazlett, Heather C.; Piven, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gu, Hongbin; Hazlett, Heather C.; Piven, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Botteron, Kelly N.] Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO USA. [Dager, Stephen R.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elison, Jed T.] CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Estes, Annette M.] Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pandey, Juhi; Paterson, Sarah J.; Schultz, Robert T.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Wolff, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, CB 3367, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jason.wolff@cidd.unc.edu RI Pike, Bruce/K-5562-2014 OI Pike, Bruce/0000-0001-8924-683X FU NIH [R01-HD055741, HD055741-S1, K01-MN101653, P30-HD03110]; Autism Speaks; Simons Foundation; IBIS Network is an NIH FX This study was supported by grants from NIH (R01-HD055741, HD055741-S1, K01-MN101653, & P30-HD03110), Autism Speaks, and the Simons Foundation. The authors thank 'The Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS) Network' families for participating in this research. IBIS Network is an NIH funded Autism Center of Excellence project and consists of a consortium of seven universities in the United States and Canada. Clinical Sites: University of North Carolina: J. Piven (IBIS Network PI), H. C. Hazlett, J. C. Chappell; University of Washington: S. Dager, A. Estes, D. Shaw; Washington University: K. Botteron, R. McKinstry, J. Constantino, J. Pruett; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: R. Schultz, S. Paterson; University of Alberta: L. Zwaigenbaum; Data Coordinating Center: Montreal Neurological Institute: A. C. Evans, D. L. Collins, G. B. Pike, P. Kostopolous, S. Das; Image Processing Core: University of Utah: G. Gerig; University of North Carolina: M. Styner; Statistical Analysis Core: University of North Carolina: H. Gu; Genetics Analysis Core: University of North Carolina: P. Sullivan, F. Wright. All authors have declared that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. 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[Chuang, H. C.; Hsueh, Y. P.] Natl Def Med Ctr, Grad Inst Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3042 EI 1471-4159 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 130 SU 1 SI SI MA YIC01-3 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL9VZ UT WOS:000339492800054 ER PT J AU Godavarthi, SK Sharma, A Jana, NR AF Godavarthi, Swetha K. Sharma, Ankit Jana, Nihar Ranjan TI Reversal of reduced parvalbumin neurons in hippocampus and amygdala of Angelman syndrome model mice by chronic treatment of fluoxetine SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE angelman syndrome; anxiety; chronic stress; fluoxetine; parvalbumin ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE MODEL; INTERNEURONS; EXPRESSION; ANXIETY; DEFICITS; PROTEIN AB Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by autism, intellectual disability and motor disturbances. The disease is primarily caused by the loss of function of maternally inherited UBE3A. Ube3a maternal-deficient mice recapitulates many essential feature of AS. These AS mice have been shown to be under chronic stress and exhibits anxiety-like behaviour because of defective glucocorticoid receptor signalling. Here, we demonstrate that chronic stress in these mice could lead to down-regulation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala from early post-natal days. Down-regulation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons number could be because of decrease in the expression of parvalbumin in these neurons. We also find that treatment with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, results in restoration of impaired glucocorticoid signalling, elevated serum corticosterone level, parvalbumin-positive interneurons and anxiety-like behaviours. Our findings suggest that impaired glucocorticod signalling in hippocampus and amygdala of AS mice is critical for the decrease in parvalbumin interneurons number, emergence of anxiety and other behavioural deficits and highlights the importance of fluoxetine in the recovery of these abnormalities. C1 [Godavarthi, Swetha K.; Sharma, Ankit; Jana, Nihar Ranjan] Natl Brain Res Ctr, Cellular & Mol Neurosci Lab, Manesar, Gurgaon, India. RP Jana, NR (reprint author), Natl Brain Res Ctr, Cellular & Mol Neurosci Lab, Manesar, Gurgaon, India. EM nihar@nbrc.ac.in FU Department of Biotechnology [BT/HRD/34/18/2008] FX This work was supported by the core grant from the Department of Biotechnology to the National Brain Research Centre, Government of India. NRJ is a recipient of National Bioscience Award for Career Development from Department of Biotechnology (BT/HRD/34/18/2008). 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Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 130 IS 3 BP 444 EP 454 DI 10.1111/jnc.12726 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL9RU UT WOS:000339479200011 PM 24678582 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI ASSESSING BABIES' RISK OF AUTISM AND ADHD SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD AUG PY 2014 VL 27 IS 8 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AM1ZH UT WOS:000339647300015 ER PT J AU Doers, ME Musser, MT Nichol, R Berndt, ER Baker, M Gomez, TM Zhang, SC Abbeduto, L Bhattacharyya, A AF Doers, Matthew E. Musser, Michael T. Nichol, Robert Berndt, Erich R. Baker, Mei Gomez, Timothy M. Zhang, Su-Chun Abbeduto, Leonard Bhattacharyya, Anita TI iPSC-Derived Forebrain Neurons from FXS Individuals Show Defects in Initial Neurite Outgrowth SO STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; FMR1 MESSENGER-RNA; DIRECTED DIFFERENTIATION; NEURAL DIFFERENTIATION; CGG EXPANSIONS; FULL MUTATION; GENE; EXPRESSION AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and is closely linked with autism. The genetic basis of FXS is an expansion of CGG repeats in the 5 -untranslated region of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome leading to the loss of expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The cause of FXS has been known for over 20 years, yet the full molecular and cellular consequences of this mutation remain unclear. Although mouse and fly models have provided significant understanding of this disorder and its effects on the central nervous system, insight from human studies is limited. We have created human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from fibroblasts obtained from individuals with FXS to enable in vitro modeling of the human disease. Three young boys with FXS who came from a well-characterized cohort representative of the range of affectedness typical for the syndrome were recruited to aid in linking cellular and behavioral phenotypes. The FMR1 mutation is preserved during the reprogramming of patient fibroblasts to iPSCs. Mosaicism of the CGG repeat length in one of the patient's fibroblasts allowed for the generation of isogenic lines with differing CGG repeat lengths from the same patient. FXS forebrain neurons were differentiated from these iPSCs and display defective neurite initiation and extension. These cells provide a well-characterized resource to examine potential neuronal deficits caused by FXS as well as the function of FMRP in human neurons. C1 [Doers, Matthew E.; Musser, Michael T.; Berndt, Erich R.; Zhang, Su-Chun; Abbeduto, Leonard; Bhattacharyya, Anita] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Nichol, Robert; Gomez, Timothy M.; Zhang, Su-Chun] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Neurosci Training Program, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Nichol, Robert; Gomez, Timothy M.; Zhang, Su-Chun] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Baker, Mei] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pediat, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Baker, Mei] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baker, Mei] Newborn Screening Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Zhang, Su-Chun] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Neurol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 623, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM bhattacharyy@waisman.wisc.edu FU National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [UL1TR000427]; FRAXA Research Foundation Grant; NIH [R01 HD054764, R01 NS41564]; Heckrodt Family Foundation Grant; NIH-NICHD [P30 HD03352] FX The authors thank Xinyu Zhao and members of the Waisman Center Fragile X Focus Group for helpful discussions. We thank Xiaoqing Zhang, Jianfeng Lu, and Yingnan Yin in the Waisman Center iPSC core for reprogramming services. We also thank Jason P. Weick for assistance with neuronal differentiation and Anne Antkins and Rebecca Reese for technical assistance. The project was supported by grant UL1TR000427 to the University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research by the National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (A.B.), a FRAXA Research Foundation Grant (A.B.), NIH R01 HD054764 (L.A.) and NIH R01 NS41564 (T.M.G.). This work was also funded in part by a Heckrodt Family Foundation Grant to the Waisman Center and a core grant from the NIH-NICHD (P30 HD03352). 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PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 23 IS 15 BP 1777 EP 1787 DI 10.1089/scd.2014.0030 PG 11 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA AL7MK UT WOS:000339317700007 PM 24654675 ER PT J AU Reiter, J Rosen, D AF Reiter, Joel Rosen, Dennis TI The diagnosis and management of common sleep disorders in adolescents SO CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE delayed sleep-phase syndrome; insufficient sleep; narcolepsy; obstructive sleep apnea; sleep hygiene ID APNEA; DURATION; CHILDREN; NARCOLEPSY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TECHNOLOGY; PATTERNS; CAFFEINE; RISK AB Purpose of review Sleep problems in adolescents are very common and negatively impact the quality of their health and lives, yet often go undiagnosed. This review is meant to familiarize pediatricians with some of the more commonly encountered sleep disorders in this age group, and to review their diagnosis and management. Recent findings Recent findings reinforce the ubiquity of insufficient and poor-quality sleep in teens and their consequences on physical and mental health, cognition, and behavior. Increasing use of technology by teens, especially at night, plays a growing role in this. Parentally set bedtimes can be effective in increasing the sleep duration, thereby diminishing the consequences of insufficient sleep. Parasomnias, common in early childhood, usually diminish with the transition into adolescence. An almost 10-fold increase in the incidence of narcolepsy has been reported following the use of one type of vaccination against influenza H1N1 in Europe. 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Particularly, the purpose of this study was to examine what husbands and wives with children with autism in contrast to couples with children who are typically developing identify as helpful to maintaining their marriages. Concept mapping methodology was used for this research study. Couples with children with autism and couples with children who are typically developing participated in telephone interviews and then grouped and rated the statements generated from their interviews. Groupings were translated into pictorial maps showing relationships and patterns. Couples with children with autism shared common perceptions about factors that help to keep their marriages strong: communication and shared foundational ideas about marriage. Communication was a cluster for all groups of husbands and wives. Only mothers of children with autism identified time for self-care as a distinct cluster. C1 [Ramisch, Julie L.] No Illinois Univ, Sch Family Consumer & Nutr Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. 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Child Fam. Stud. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 975 EP 988 DI 10.1007/s10826-013-9753-y PG 14 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Family Studies; Psychology; Psychiatry GA AL4PM UT WOS:000339114900003 ER PT J AU Kaluzna-Czaplinska, J Zurawicz, E Jozwik, J AF Kaluzna-Czaplinska, Joanna Zurawicz, Ewa Jozwik, Jagoda TI Chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry for the determination of organic acids in the study of autism SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Chromatographic methods; Mass spectrometry; Organic acids; Autism ID HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; METHYLMALONIC ACID; VANILLYLMANDELIC ACID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PEDIATRIC POPULATION; URINARY-EXCRETION; CHILDREN; HVA AB Chromatographic methods find application in the diagnostics and prognosis of diseases. They are used in finding new biomarkers, which may result in early medical intervention. Early diagnosis and intervention are especially important in the case of diseases of unknown etiology. One of these is autism. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe impairment in reciprocal social interaction and communication and a pattern of repetitive or stereotyped behavior. Organic acids are intermediate metabolites of all major groups of organic cellular components and can play a role in the pathogenesis of autism. This review presents information about abnormal levels of some organic acids observed in the urine of children with autism and determination of acids with the use of chromatographic techniques. 342 literature sources on frequency (2005-2012) of the use of chromatographic methods in the determination of organic compounds in various body fluids were searched. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 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Chromatogr. B PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 964 SI SI BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.026 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AL2SZ UT WOS:000338977000012 PM 24210941 ER PT J AU O'Neill, K LeCouteur, A AF O'Neill, Katherine LeCouteur, Amanda TI Naming the problem: a membership categorization analysis study of family therapy SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY LA English DT Article DE membership categorization analysis; family therapy; high-functioning autism; school exclusion ID DISCOURSE ANALYSIS; REFLECTIONS AB Discursive research has examined family therapy as a process of collaboratively negotiating a preferable account of the problem. The present study uses membership categorization analysis to examine how this process occurs in a sequence of family therapy sessions with the family of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with high-functioning autism and experiencing conflict with his school. The analysis focuses on the deployment of the membership categorization device 'disability' in the construction of the problem and the use of the devices 'family' and 'stages-of-life' to construct a new, problem-dissolving account. Conclusions are drawn about the potential usefulness of recategorization via naturally occurring membership categorization devices in constructing solutions in family therapy. C1 [O'Neill, Katherine] New England Medicare Local, Inverell, NSW 2360, Australia. [LeCouteur, Amanda] Univ Adelaide, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Psychol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), New England Medicare Local, 20 Chester St, Inverell, NSW 2360, Australia. EM koneill@live.com.au CR ANDERSON H, 1988, FAM PROCESS, V27, P371, DOI 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1988.00371.x Avdi E, 2005, PSYCHOL PSYCHOTHER-T, V78, P493, DOI 10.1348/147608305X52586 Avdi E, 2000, J Health Psychol, V5, P241, DOI 10.1177/135910530000500214 Baker C., 2000, CULTURE TEXT DISCOUR, P99 Baker C. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 3 BP 268 EP 286 DI 10.1111/1467-6427.12008 PG 19 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA AL6YI UT WOS:000339279300005 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Faucett, WA Smith-Packard, B Wagner, M Williams, MS AF Williams, Janet L. Faucett, W. Andrew Smith-Packard, Bethanny Wagner, Monisa Williams, Marc S. TI An Assessment of Time Involved in Pre-test Case Review and Counseling for a Whole Genome Sequencing Clinical Research Program SO JOURNAL OF GENETIC COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE Whole genome sequencing; Time study; Electronic health record; Genetic counseling; Intellectual disability ID EXOME AB Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is being used for evaluation of individuals with undiagnosed disease of suspected genetic origin. Implementing WGS into clinical practice will place an increased burden upon care teams with regard to pre-test patient education and counseling about results. To quantitate the time needed for appropriate pre-test evaluation of participants in WGS testing, we documented the time spent by our clinical research group on various activities related to program preparation, participant screening, and consent prior to WGS. Participants were children or young adults with autism, intellectual or developmental disability, and/or congenital anomalies, who have remained undiagnosed despite previous evaluation, and their biologic parents. Results showed that significant time was spent in securing allocation of clinical research space to counsel participants and families, and in acquisition and review of participant's medical records. Pre-enrollment chart review identified two individuals with existing diagnoses resulting in savings of $30,000 for the genome sequencing alone, as well as saving hours of personnel time for genome interpretation and communication of WGS results. New WGS programs should plan for costs associated with additional pre-test administrative planning and patient evaluation time that will be required to provide high quality care. C1 [Williams, Janet L.; Faucett, W. Andrew; Smith-Packard, Bethanny; Wagner, Monisa; Williams, Marc S.] Geisinger Hlth Syst, Genom Med Inst, Danville, PA 17822 USA. RP Williams, JL (reprint author), Geisinger Hlth Syst, Genom Med Inst, 100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17822 USA. EM jlwilliams3@geisinger.edu FU IRB approved program "Whole Genome Sequencing for Undiagnosed Children" FX This work was funded with internal Geisinger Health System research funding for the IRB approved program "Whole Genome Sequencing for Undiagnosed Children." We are grateful for the vision articulated by David Ledbetter, W. Andrew Faucett, and Judith Argon in challenging the leadership to fund exploratory use of WGS. We would like to thank the genome workgroup and the program oversight committee for their invaluable contribution. We would like to thank Sandy M. Field for her editorial assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. We are particularly grateful to the study participants who agreed to embark on this journey into the use of whole genome sequencing in undiagnosed children. CR Baars MJH, 2005, GENET MED, V7, P605, DOI 10.1097/01.gim.000oi82895.28432.c7 Bensend T. A., 2013, J GENETIC COUNSELING Bick D, 2011, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V23, P594, DOI 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32834b20ec Giardiello FM, 1997, NEW ENGL J MED, V336, P823, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199703203361202 Need AC, 2012, J MED GENET, V49, P353, DOI 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100819 Plon SE, 2011, GENET MED, V13, P148, DOI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e318207f564 Tabor HK, 2012, AM J MED GENET A, V158A, P1310, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.35328 Worthey E., 2012, BMC P S6, V6, P011 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-7700 EI 1573-3599 J9 J GENET COUNS JI J. Genet. Couns. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 4 BP 516 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s10897-014-9697-4 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AL8FV UT WOS:000339374400010 PM 24573557 ER PT J AU Asaro-Saddler, K Bak, N AF Asaro-Saddler, Kristie Bak, Nicole TI Persuasive Writing and Self-Regulation Training for Writers With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; writing instruction; self-regulation ID LEARNING-DISABLED STUDENTS; STRUGGLING YOUNG WRITERS; STRATEGY-DEVELOPMENT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; PLANNING INSTRUCTION; DISABILITIES; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PERFORMANCE AB In this single-subject study, we examined the effects of a persuasive writing and self-regulation strategy on the writing of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Six children with ASD worked in pairs to learn a mnemonic-based strategy for planning and writing a persuasive essay using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) approach. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1177/0022466912474101 PG 14 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AL2AJ UT WOS:000338927900002 ER PT J AU Regan, K Berkeley, S Hughes, M Kirby, S AF Regan, Kelley Berkeley, Sheri Hughes, Melissa Kirby, Suzanne TI Effects of Computer-Assisted Instruction for Struggling Elementary Readers With Disabilities SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE computer-assisted instruction; word recognition; reading; direct instruction ID LEARNING-DISABILITIES; READING-ACHIEVEMENT; STUDENTS; TECHNOLOGY; INTERVENTIONS; COMPREHENSION; FLUENCY; AUTISM; SKILLS; RISK AB Despite a lack of conclusive evidence, many researchers in the field view computer-assisted instruction (CAI) as an opportunity for improved instruction for students with disabilities. This study examined the effects of a CAI program, Lexia Strategies for Older Students (SOS) T on the word recognition skills of four, upper elementary students with mild disabilities. This study used a multiple-probe design across three targeted reading skill conditions per student. Findings revealed that some students were able to meet mastery of basic word reading skills with Lexia SOS alone, while others needed additional direct instruction. Student perceptions of Lexia SOS were positive. Results have particular implications for instruction in classrooms beyond the primary grades (K-3) when the focus of the curriculum shifts away from basic decoding instruction. Directions for future research are discussed. C1 [Regan, Kelley; Berkeley, Sheri; Hughes, Melissa; Kirby, Suzanne] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Regan, K (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Finley Bldg,Room 213,4400 Univ Dr,MS 1F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. 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O., 2005, J SPECIAL ED TECHNOL, V20, P5 Walker A., 2008, READING PSYCHOL, V29, P266, DOI 10.1080/02702710801982019 Wanzek J, 2010, READ WRIT, V23, P889, DOI 10.1007/s11145-009-9179-5 Wells J., 2006, INTERNET ACCESS US P What Works Clearinghouse, 2009, LEX READ NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-4669 EI 1538-4764 J9 J SPEC EDUC JI J. Spec. Educ. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 106 EP 119 DI 10.1177/0022466913497261 PG 14 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA AL2AJ UT WOS:000338927900003 ER PT J AU Becker, JAJ Clesse, D Spiegelhalter, C Schwab, Y Le Merrer, J Kieffer, BL AF Becker, Jerome A. J. Clesse, Daniel Spiegelhalter, Coralie Schwab, Yannick Le Merrer, Julie Kieffer, Brigitte L. TI Autistic-Like Syndrome in Mu Opioid Receptor Null Mice is Relieved by Facilitated mGluR4 Activity SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL REJECTION; BASAL GANGLIA; GENE OPRM1; REWARD; BEHAVIOR; MOUSE; CHILDREN; OXYTOCIN AB The etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) remains largely unknown. Identifying vulnerability genes for autism represents a major challenge in the field and allows the development of animal models for translational research. Mice lacking the mu opioid receptor gene (Oprm1(-/-)) were recently proposed as a monogenic mouse model of autism, based on severe deficits in social behavior and communication skills. We confirm this hypothesis by showing that adult Oprm1(-/-) animals recapitulate core and multiple comorbid behavioral symptoms of autism and also display anatomical, neurochemical, and genetic landmarks of the disease. Chronic facilitation of mGluR4 signaling, which we identified as a novel pharmacological target in ASDs in these mice, was more efficient in alleviating behavioral deficits than the reference molecule risperidone. Altogether, our data provide first evidence that disrupted mu opioid receptor signaling is sufficient to trigger a comprehensive autistic syndrome, maybe through blunted social reward processes, and this mouse model opens promising avenues for therapeutic innovation. C1 [Becker, Jerome A. J.; Le Merrer, Julie; Kieffer, Brigitte L.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM,UMR 7104,U 964, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire,Dept Med Trans, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Clesse, Daniel] CNRS, Inst Neurosci Cellulaires & Integrat, Dept Neurobiol Rythmes, UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France. [Spiegelhalter, Coralie; Schwab, Yannick] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Imaging Ctr,U 964, INSERM,Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire,UMR 710, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. RP Kieffer, BL (reprint author), Inst Biol Mol & Cellulaire, Dept Neuro Biol & Genet, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM briki@igbmc.fr FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM); Universite de Strasbourg; Fondation Universite de Strasbourg - Pierre Fabre Laboratories; National Institutes of Health (NIAAA) [16658]; National Institutes of Health (NIDA) [005010] FX This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), and Universite de Strasbourg. JLM acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship from the Fondation Universite de Strasbourg, generously funded by Pierre Fabre Laboratories. We thank the National Institutes of Health (NIAAA no. 16658 and NIDA no. 005010) for financial support. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 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PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0893-133X EI 1740-634X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2049 EP 2060 DI 10.1038/npp.2014.59 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA AL5ML UT WOS:000339177800002 PM 24619243 ER PT J AU Scheele, D Kendrick, KM Khouri, C Kretzer, E Schlafer, TE Stoffel-Wagner, B Gunturkun, O Maier, W Hurlemann, R AF Scheele, Dirk Kendrick, Keith M. Khouri, Christoph Kretzer, Elisa Schlaefer, Thomas E. Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit Guentuerkuen, Onur Maier, Wolfgang Hurlemann, Rene TI An Oxytocin-Induced Facilitation of Neural and Emotional Responses to Social Touch Correlates Inversely with Autism Traits SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CINGULATE CORTEX; PLASMA OXYTOCIN; INSULAR CORTEX; REWARD SYSTEM; HUMAN BRAIN; PLEASANT; HUMANS; EXPOSURE; MALES AB Social communication through touch and mutual grooming can convey highly salient socio-emotional signals and has been shown to involve the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) in several species. Less is known about the modulatory influence of OXT on the neural and emotional responses to human interpersonal touch. The present randomized placebo (PLC)-controlled within-subject pharmaco-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was designed to test the hypothesis that a single intranasal dose of synthetic OXT (24 IU) would facilitate both neural and emotional responses to interpersonal touch in a context-(female vs male touch) and trait( autistic trait load) specific manner. Specifically, the experimental rationale was to manipulate the reward value of interpersonal touch independent of the intensity and type of actual cutaneous stimulation administered. Thus, 40 heterosexual males believed that they were touched by either a man or a woman, although in fact an identical pattern of touch was always given by the same female experimenter blind to condition type. Our results show that OXT increased the perceived pleasantness of female, but not male touch, and associated neural responses in insula, precuneus, orbitofrontal, and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, the behavioral and neural effects of OXT were negatively correlated with autistic-like traits. Taken together, this is the first study to show that the perceived hedonic value of human heterosexual interpersonal touch is facilitated by OXT in men, but that its behavioral and neural effects in this context are blunted in individuals with autistic traits. C1 [Scheele, Dirk; Khouri, Christoph; Kretzer, Elisa; Schlaefer, Thomas E.; Maier, Wolfgang; Hurlemann, Rene] Univ Bonn, Dept Psychiat, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. [Scheele, Dirk; Khouri, Christoph; Kretzer, Elisa; Hurlemann, Rene] Univ Bonn, Div Med Psychol, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. [Kendrick, Keith M.] UESTC, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Key Lab Neuroinformat, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Schlaefer, Thomas E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schlaefer, Thomas E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit] Univ Bonn, Dept Clin Chem & Clin Pharmacol, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. [Guentuerkuen, Onur] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Biopsychol, Bochum, Germany. [Maier, Wolfgang] German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis DZNE, Bonn, Germany. RP Hurlemann, R (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Dept Psychiat, Sigmund Freud Str 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. EM renehurlemann@me.com RI Hurlemann, Rene/G-4164-2012 OI Hurlemann, Rene/0000-0003-2628-565X FU Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWFT); University of Bonn; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91132720] FX RH was supported by a Starting Independent Researcher Grant ('NEMO-Neuromodulation of Emotion') jointly provided by the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWFT) and the University of Bonn. KMK was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grant (91132720). 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Zhang, Fengyu Decot, Heather Weinberger, Daniel R. Law, Amanda J. TI Identification of Candidate Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in NRXN1 Related to Antipsychotic Treatment Response in Patients with Schizophrenia SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS; CLOZAPINE RESPONSE; GENETIC-VARIATION; NICOTINE DEPENDENCE; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; ASSOCIATION; DELETIONS; DISORDERS; PHARMACOGENETICS; RECEPTORS AB Neurexins are presynaptic neuronal adhesion molecules that interact with postsynaptic neuroligins to form an inter-synaptic complex required for synaptic specification and efficient neurotransmission. Deletions and point mutations in the neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene are associated with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, intellectual disability, epilepsy, developmental delay, and schizophrenia. Recently, small nucleotide polymorphisms in NRXN1 have been associated with antipsychotic drug response in patients with schizophrenia. Based on previous suggestive evidence of an impact on clozapine response in patients with schizophrenia, we conducted an association study of NRXN1 polymorphisms (rs12467557 and rs10490162) with antipsychotic treatment response in 54 patients with schizophrenia in a double blind, placebo-controlled NIMH inpatient crossover trial and examined for association with risk for schizophrenia in independent case-control and family-based clinical cohorts. Pharmacogenetic analysis in the placebo controlled trial revealed significant association of rs12467557and rs10490162 with drug response, whereby individuals homozygous for the A allele, at either SNP, showed significant improvement in positive symptoms, general psychopathology, thought disturbance, and negative symptoms, whereas patients carrying the G allele showed no overall response. Although we did not find evidence of the same NRXN1 SNPs being associated with results of the NIMH sponsored CATIE trial, other SNPs showed weakly positive signals. The family and case-control analyses for schizophrenia risk were negative. Our results provide confirmatory evidence of genetically determined differences in drug response in patients with schizophrenia related to NRXN1 variation. Furthermore, these findings potentially implicate NRXN1 in the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs. C1 [Jenkins, Aaron; Apud, Jose A.; Decot, Heather] NIMH, Clin Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognit & Psychosis Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jenkins, Aaron] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Lexington, KY USA. [Zhang, Fengyu; Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Lieber Inst Brain Dev, Baltimore, MD USA. [Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, Amanda J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Weinberger, Daniel R.; Law, Amanda J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Sch Med, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Law, AJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Mailstop 8344,RC1 North,RM 8101, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM amanda.law@ucdenver.edu FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by funds from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health. We thank Bhaskar Kolachana for genotyping of the NIMH samples. 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TI The involvement of serotonin polymorphisms in autistic spectrum symptomatology SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ASD; cognitive impairment; 5-HT2A; 5-HT2B; 5-HT4; 5-HT6; serotonin ID 5-HT2A RECEPTOR-BINDING; EPISODIC MEMORY; DISORDERS; ASSOCIATION; COMMUNICATION; VARIANTS; SYSTEM AB Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly inherited developmental syndromes, resulting from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. To date, only a limited number of genetic variants have been discovered with respect to autism, and their contribution to the development of the disorder has not been clearly determined. Investigation of specific autistic symptomatology may improve the chances of identifying related genes and may help to better understand these disorders. Materials and methods We investigated the contribution of 80 genetic variants in 15 serotonin genes to ASD phenotypes [intelligence quotation (IQ), intellectual disability (ID) and language onset delay (LD)] in a cohort of 141 children and young adults (121 male patients and 20 female patients, average age 14.5 +/- 5.1 years). Results Two polymorphisms in the HTR2B gene, rs10194776 and rs16827801, were associated with IQ (P = 0.0004 and 0.003, respectively), ID (P = 0.02 and 0.03) and LD (P = 0.04 and 0.004). Nominal associations were also detected between the ASD phenotypes investigated and 5-HT2A, 5-HT4 and 5-HT6 genetic variants. Conclusion Our study provides evidence of the contribution of serotonergic variants to IQ, ID and LD in ASD patients. (C) 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Hervas, Amaia; Romaris, Patricia; Salgado, Marta; Balmana, Noemi; Guijarro, Silvina] Univ Barcelona, Dept Child Psychiat, Barcelona 08221, Spain. [Cormand, Bru; Arranz, Maria J.] Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona 08221, Spain. [Toma, Claudio] Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, Barcelona 08221, Spain. [Cormand, Bru] IBUB, Barcelona, Spain. [Toma, Claudio; Cormand, Bru] Vall dHebron Res Inst VHIR, Biomed Network Res Ctr Rare Dis CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain. [Ribases, Marta] Vall dHebron Res Inst VHIR, Psychiat Genet Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Bayes, Monica] Hosp St Joan de Deu, CNAG, Barcelona, Spain. [Maristany, Marta] Hosp St Joan de Deu, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain. [Arranz, Maria J.] Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain. [Arranz, Maria J.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Neurosci, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Arranz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Fundacio Docencia & Recerca Mutua Terrassa, C St Antoni 19, Barcelona 08221, Spain. EM maria.arranz@kcl.ac.uk RI Toma, Claudio/L-7853-2014 OI Toma, Claudio/0000-0003-3901-7507 FU Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; European Union [PIEF-GA-2009-254930]; Fundacio La Marato de TV3 [092010]; Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz; Minsterio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain [SAF2012-33484]; Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR [2009SGR00971] FX M.R. is a recipient of a Miguel de Servet contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain' and C.T. was supported by the European Union (Marie Curie, PIEF-GA-2009-254930). Financial support was received from 'Fundacio La Marato de TV3' (092010), 'Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz', 'Minsterio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain' (SAF2012-33484) and 'Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR' (2009SGR00971). 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Genet. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000034 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL2BM UT WOS:000338930800003 PM 24887447 ER PT J AU Baghdadli, A Pry, R Michelon, C Rattaz, C AF Baghdadli, Amaria Pry, Rene Michelon, Cecile Rattaz, Cecile TI Impact of autism in adolescents on parental quality of life SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Parental quality of life; Autism spectrum disorders; Risk factors; Adolescents; Cohort ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; STRESS; INTERVENTION; CAREGIVERS; PROGRAM; DISEASE; ADULTS; AGE AB To study the impact of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) on parental quality of life (QoL) at adolescence using the parental-developmental disorders-quality of life scale (Par-DD-QoL). One hundred and fifty-two mothers of adolescents with ASD completed Par-DD-QoL. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1859 EP 1868 DI 10.1007/s11136-014-0635-6 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AL6YU UT WOS:000339280700019 PM 24504623 ER PT J AU Domellof, E Hedlund, L Odman, P AF Domellof, Erik Hedlund, Ludmilla Odman, Pia TI Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with functional disabilities in a northern Swedish county SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Children; Disability; Health-related quality of life; EQ-5D-Y ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; EQ-5D; DETERMINANTS AB Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) studies in children and adolescents with disabilities tend to report lower self-reported health than in the typical population. However, reports are not always consistent and HRQoL appears to vary depending on diagnosis, cultural setting and clinical context. The aim of this study was to explore HRQoL in children and adolescents with various disabilities in Vasterbotten County, Sweden. A total of 175 children and adolescents [57 girls, 118 boys; mean age 11.7 years (range 7-17 years)] divided into four different diagnostic groups (intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, movement disorders and hearing disabilities) participated in the study. The EuroQol Five Dimensions Health Questionnaire, Youth version (EQ-5D-Y) was used as HRQoL measure. Significant differences in various EQ-5D-Y dimensions between the different diagnostic groups were found, but no differences in overall health status. HRQoL in children and adolescents with hearing disabilities was found similar to the typical child population in Sweden whereas children and adolescents with other diagnoses reported evidently more problems. Findings suggest that there is an increased risk for children with functional disabilities other than hearing disabilities in northern Sweden to experience difficulties in various health domains and lowered general health. C1 [Domellof, Erik; Hedlund, Ludmilla] Umea Univ, Dept Psychol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Domellof, Erik] Kolbacken Child Rehabil Ctr, Umea, Sweden. [Odman, Pia] Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Linkoping, Sweden. RP Domellof, E (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Psychol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM erik.domellof@psy.umu.se FU Umea University FX This study was supported by a young researcher award from Umea University to the first author. We thank the children and their families for participating. 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TI Etiologies underlying sex differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; Sex differences; Increased male incidence; Sex chromosome; Genomic imprinting; X-inactivation; Testosterone; Prenatal stress; Maternal immune activation; Gene-environment interaction ID X-CHROMOSOME-INACTIVATION; LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HUMAN Y-CHROMOSOME AB The male predominance of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is one of the best-known, and at the same time, one of the least understood characteristics of these disorders. In this paper we review genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and environmental mechanisms underlying this male preponderance. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.006 PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL2UC UT WOS:000338980000002 PM 24705124 ER PT J AU Davies, W AF Davies, William TI Sex differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Candidate genetic and endocrine mechanisms SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Autism; Basal ganglia; Imprinted gene; Mouse; Rat; Sex chromosome; Sry; Steroid sulfatase; Testosterone; Thalamus ID SEROTONIN 2C RECEPTOR; STEROID SULFATASE DEFICIENCY; ORIGIN ALLELIC EXPRESSION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HAN CHINESE SUBJECTS; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-A; X-LINKED ICHTHYOSIS; FINGER LENGTH RATIO AB Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition characterised by severe inattention, pathological impulsivity and hyperactivity; it is relatively common affecting up to 6% of children, and is associated with a risk of long-term adverse educational and social consequences. Males are considerably more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females; the course of the disorder and its associated co-morbidities also appear to be sensitive to sex. Here, I discuss fundamental biological (genetic and endocrine) mechanisms that have been shown to, or could theoretically, contribute towards these sexually dimorphic phenomena. Greater understanding of how and why the sexes differ with respect to ADHD vulnerability should allow us to identify and characterise novel protective and risk factors for the disorder, and should ultimately facilitate improved diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Davies, William] Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Neurosci & Mental Hlth Res Inst, Behav Genet Grp, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Davies, William] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Davies, William] Cardiff Univ, MRC, Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, S Glam, Wales. 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TI Development of a Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting for Children with Autism (VIPP-AUTI) SO ATTACHMENT & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE autism; sensitive parenting; parent-child interaction; early intervention; video-feedback ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; JOINT ATTENTION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ATTACHMENT; PREVALENCE; COMMUNICATION AB In this paper we describe the development and content of Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting for Children with Autism (VIPP-AUTI). VIPP-AUTI is an adapted version of the evidence-based intervention VIPP. The lack of social responsiveness in children with autism often lowers the quality of the parent-child interaction. A wide range of early interventions exist to cope with the disorder. The majority of early interventions for children with autism focus on their deficits of (social) skills, but the number of evidence-based interventions to improve early parent-child interaction patterns is limited. The aim of VIPP-AUTI is to enhance parental sensitivity to children's autistic characteristics, in order to improve child developmental outcome by increased parental support. C1 [Poslawsky, Irina E.; De Jonge, Maretha V.; Van Engeland, Herman] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Div Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Naber, Fabienne B. A.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.] Leiden Univ, Ctr Child & Family Studies, Leiden, Netherlands. [Naber, Fabienne B. A.] Erasmus Univ, Sch Pedag & Educ Sci, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Poslawsky, IE (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Div Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Hum. Dev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1080/14616734.2014.912487 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AK9CS UT WOS:000338725700004 PM 24972103 ER PT J AU Miyachi, T Nakai, A Tani, I Ohnishi, M Nakajima, S Tsuchiya, KJ Matsumoto, K Tsujii, M AF Miyachi, Taishi Nakai, Akio Tani, Iori Ohnishi, Masafumi Nakajima, Shunji Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Matsumoto, Kaori Tsujii, Masatsugu TI Evaluation of Motor Coordination in Boys with High-Functioning Pervasive Developmental Disorder Using the Japanese Version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE High-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (HFPDD); Developmental coordination disorder (DCD); Developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCDQ); Motor coordination dysfunction; Autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R); Questionnaire ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; CLUMSINESS; METAANALYSIS; IMPAIRMENTS; ADOLESCENTS; PERCEPTIONS; RELIABILITY AB Children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (HFPDD) often have motor coordination dysfunction. However, there is no assessment tool for screening developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in Japan, which makes it difficult to evaluate the actual motor impairments of children with HFPDD. We evaluated the motor coordination function of 54 school-age boys with HFPDD using the Japanese version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-J). We subsequently assessed the relationship between DCDQ-J scores and the results of the Japanese version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) of 48 boys. The total and subscale DCDQ-J scores of the boys with HFPDD were significantly lower than the population means in the same grade: 37.0 % were below 2 standard deviations for the total score, 38.9 % for control during movement, 26.0 % for fine motor/handwriting, and 37.0 % for general coordination. Furthermore, the scores of Qualitative Abnormalities in Communication in the ADI-R were negatively correlated with control during movement, fine motor/handwriting, and total scores in the DCDQ-J. This study is the first to show Japanese children with HFPDD frequently exhibit considerably poor motor coordination according to the DCDQ-J. The screening or assessment of motor dysfunction in HFPDD using assessment tools such as the DCDQ could aid the development of interventions for these underestimated problems in Japan. C1 [Miyachi, Taishi] Nagoya Cent Rehabil Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Nakai, Akio] Hyogo Childrens Sleep & Dev Med Res Ctr, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512181, Japan. [Tani, Iori] Tokai Gakuen Univ, Sch Humanities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Ohnishi, Masafumi] Univ Fukui, Fac Educ & Reg Studies, Fukui 910, Japan. [Nakajima, Shunji; Tsuchiya, Kenji J.; Matsumoto, Kaori] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s10882-014-9377-1 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AK9XZ UT WOS:000338783200003 ER PT J AU Meadan, H Stoner, JB Angell, ME Daczewitz, ME Cheema, J Rugutt, JK AF Meadan, Hedda Stoner, Julia B. Angell, Maureen E. Daczewitz, Marcus E. Cheema, Jehanzeb Rugutt, John K. TI Do You See a Difference? Evaluating Outcomes of a Parent-Implemented Intervention SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Social validity; Social-communication skills; Parent-implemented intervention ID SOCIAL VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; VALIDATION; LANGUAGE; AUTISM AB The Parent-Implemented Communication Strategies (PiCS) project resulted in the development of an intervention package aimed at enhancing the social communication skills of young children with disabilities and limited expressive language. While the outcomes of the PiCS project seem to be positive, a thorough and comprehensive assessment of social validity was warranted. Wolf (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 203-214, 1978) contended that interventions should be assessed not only for effectiveness but also for social validity. This study of social validity addressed the question, "Was the PiCS project socially valid from an expert perspective?" Our expert evaluators were recruited from three groups: (a) parents of young children with disabilities, (b) early childhood special education teachers, and (c) speech language pathologists who worked with young children with disabilities. Each evaluator viewed video clips of parent-child interactions from pre- and post-intervention sessions, in random order, and completed a questionnaire about parent and child behaviors. The overall findings provided support for the social validity of the PiCS project. 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TI Teaching Parents of Children with Autism to Evaluate Interventions SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Evaluation; Autism; Parent education; Empirically validated interventions; Complementary and alternative interventions; Evidenced based practices ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMPLEMENTARY; STRESS; PERCEPTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; EDUCATION; FAMILIES; SPEECH AB Children with autism are participating in a variety of interventions that are believed to be effective by their parents; however, a majority of these interventions are not empirically supported. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a parent education program to teach parents of children with autism to evaluate their child's interventions. Parents' acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of evaluation behaviors were examined. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 451 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s10882-014-9374-4 PG 22 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AK9XZ UT WOS:000338783200006 ER PT J AU McCahill, J Healy, O Lydon, S Ramey, D AF McCahill, John Healy, Olive Lydon, Sinead Ramey, Devon TI Training Educational Staff in Functional Behavioral Assessment: A Systematic Review SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review DE Functional behavioral assessment; Functional analysis; Staff training; Teacher training; Challenging behavior ID SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; INTERVENTION; TEACHERS; ACQUISITION; SETTINGS; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Interventions for challenging behavior are more likely to be effective when based on the results of a functional behavioral assessment. Research to date suggests that staff members in educational settings may not have the requisite levels of expertise or support to implement behavioral assessment procedures and design corresponding behavior support plans. The current review sought to examine the nature and effectiveness of Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) training described in the literature. Twenty-five studies were examined in relation to type of FBA method used, training procedure, behavioral function and intervention outcome. Training was provided in indirect, observational and experimental functional assessment procedures. Video modeling, lectures, feedback and written protocols were some commonly used training procedures. Interventions derived from results of these assessments were used in twelve studies to treat problem behavior. Social validity and treatment integrity outcomes across all studies are reported. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed along with directions for future research. C1 [McCahill, John; Healy, Olive; Lydon, Sinead] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Ramey, Devon] SW Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Healy, O (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM olive.healy@tcd.ie CR Bergloff H., 2007, J INT ASS SPECIAL ED, V8, P31 Bessette KK, 2007, BEHAV DISORDERS, V32, P192 BIJOU SW, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P175, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-175 Bloom SE, 2013, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V46, P208, DOI 10.1002/jaba.21 Call N. A., 2012, BEHAV INTERVENT, V27, P236 Campbell JM, 2003, RES DEV DISABIL, V24, P120, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(03)00014-3 Cipani E, 2011, FUNCTIONAL BEHAV ASS Clark D., 1999, PREVENTING SCH FAILU, V43, P140 Couvillon M. A., 2009, EMOTIONAL BEHAV DIFF, V14, P215 Crimmins D. B., 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P99 Delfs C. 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P., 2010, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V33, P23 Witt JC, 2004, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V33, P363 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1056-263X EI 1573-3580 J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 479 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s10882-014-9378-0 PG 27 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AK9XZ UT WOS:000338783200008 ER PT J AU Cevikaslan, A Evans, DW Dedeoglu, C Kalaca, S Yazgan, Y AF Cevikaslan, Ahmet Evans, David W. Dedeoglu, Ceyda Kalaca, Sibel Yazgan, Yanki TI A Cross-Sectional Survey of Repetitive Behaviors and Restricted Interests in A Typically Developing Turkish Child Population SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Compulsive-like behavior; Ritualistic behavior; Repetitive behavior; Restricted interest; Childhood Routines Inventory ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RITUALS; SYMPTOMS; INFANTS; ASSOCIATION; INSIGHTS; PHOBIAS; NUMBER AB This study examined compulsive-like behaviors (CLBs) which are higher-order types of Repetitive Behaviors And Restricted Interests (RBRIs) in typically developing children in Turkey. Caregivers of 1,204 children between 8 and 72 months were interviewed with Childhood Routines Inventory (CRI) by trained interviewers in a cross-sectional survey. Factor analysis of the CRI revealed two factor structures comprising "just right behaviors" and "repetitive/sensory sensitivity behaviors". CLB frequency peaked at 2-4 years with declines after age four. In contrast to the previous CRI studies reporting no gender difference, CLBs were more common in males in 12-23 and 48-59 month age groups on both total CLB frequency and repetitive/sensory sensitivity behaviors. Also ages of onsets for CRI items were somewhat later than reported in other samples. Our findings supported the findings of the previous CRI studies while also revealing new perspectives in need of further investigation. C1 [Cevikaslan, Ahmet; Yazgan, Yanki] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Istanbul, Turkey. [Evans, David W.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Psychol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Evans, David W.] Geisinger Bucknell Autism & Dev Med Ctr, Lewisburg, PA USA. [Dedeoglu, Ceyda] Bogazici Univ, Dept Psychol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Kalaca, Sibel] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Dept, Istanbul, Turkey. [Yazgan, Yanki] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP Yazgan, Y (reprint author), Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Gullu Sokak,4,Ic Levent, Istanbul, Turkey. 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TI VMI-VI and BG-II KOPPITZ-2 for Youth With HFASDs and Typical Youth SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE motor skills; visual-motor; Bender-Gestalt-II; KOPPITZ-2; Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration-6th ed.; high-functioning autism spectrum disorders ID BENDER-GESTALT-II; MOTOR; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; ADJUSTMENT AB The visual-motor skills of 90 youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASDs) and 51 typically developing (TD) youth were assessed using the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Sixth Edition (VMI-VI) and Koppitz Developmental Scoring System for the Bender-Gestalt Test-Second Edition (KOPPITZ-2). Within-group comparisons (for both samples) yielded substantive mean differences between the KOPPITZ-2 composite and VMI-VI composite, Visual Perception and Motor Coordination sections of the VMI-VI, and VMI-VI composite and either VMI-VI supplemental tests. Between-group differences were assessed in a matched subsample of 33 participants from each group. The HFASD group scored significantly lower than the TD group on test sections requiring greater motor ability (i.e., VMI-VI composite, VMI-VI Motor Coordination, KOPPITZ-2 composite, and Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor Test-Second Edition [BG-II]). Correlations between the KOPPITZ-2 composite and VMI-VI composite were .56 for the HFASD and .36 for the TD samples. C1 [McDonald, Christin A.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Columbus, OH USA. [Volker, Martin A.; Lee, Gloria K.; Lipinski, Alanna M.; Dua, Elissa H.; Bain, Fabienne; Nelson, Andrew T.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lopata, Christopher; Thomeer, Marcus L.] Canisius Coll, Buffalo, NY 14208 USA. [Toomey, Jennifer A.; Schiavo, Audrey M.] Summit Educ Resources, Getzville, NY USA. RP McDonald, CA (reprint author), Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, 187 W Schrock Rd, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. 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TI Learning by observation in children with autism spectrum disorder SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; imitation; observational learning; sequential learning ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; WORKING-MEMORY; IMITATION IMPAIRMENTS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; COGNITIVE CONTROL; SOCIAL COGNITION; BASAL GANGLIA; MOTOR; DYSFUNCTION; FMRI AB Background. Observing another person performing a complex action accelerates the observer's acquisition of the same action and limits the time-consuming process of learning by trial and error. Learning by observation requires specific skills such as attending, imitating and understanding contingencies. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit deficits in these skills. Method. The performance of 20 ASD children was compared with that of a group of typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological age (CA), IQ and gender on tasks of learning of a visuomotor sequence by observation or by trial and error. Acquiring the correct sequence involved three phases: a detection phase (DP), in which participants discovered the correct sequence and learned how to perform the task; an exercise phase (EP), in which they reproduced the sequence until performance was error free; and an automatization phase (AP), in which by repeating the error-free sequence they became accurate and speedy. Results. In the DP, ASD children were impaired in detecting a sequence by trial and error only when the task was proposed as first, whereas they were as efficient as TD children in detecting a sequence by observation. In the EP, ASD children were as efficient as TD children. In the AP, ASD children were impaired in automatizing the sequence. Although the positive effect of learning by observation was evident, ASD children made a high number of imitative errors, indicating marked tendencies to hyperimitate. Conclusions. These findings demonstrate the imitative abilities of ASD children although the presence of imitative errors indicates an impairment in the control of imitative behaviours. C1 [Foti, F.; Petrosini, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Foti, F.; Petrosini, L.] IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. [Mazzone, L.; Menghini, D.; De Peppo, L.; Postorino, V.; Valeri, G.; Vicari, S.] Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, Child Neuropsychiat Unit, Dept Neurosci, Rome, Italy. [Federico, F.; Baumgartner, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Dev & Social Psychol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Foti, F (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, Via Marsi 78, I-00185 Rome, Italy. 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However, there have been few attempts to investigate what physiological parameters may be associated with this elevated rate of anxiety. Therefore, this study investigated the physiological correlates of anxiety in ASD, with a focus on whether measures of heart rate and cortisol responsiveness to psychosocial stress differentiate those participants with ASD with and without a co-occurring anxiety disorder. A total of 75 male participants aged 10-16 years with normal intellectual ability underwent a psychosocial stress test. The participants included healthy controls (n = 23), ASD only (ASD; n = 20) and ASD with a comorbid anxiety disorder (ASDanx; n = 32). Heart rate, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol were compared by fitting a piecewise regression model to examine baseline levels and change over time within and between the rest, stress and recovery phases of the stress test. The ASDanx group had different response patterns from both the ASD and control groups. The ASDanx group was characterized by a blunted cortisol and heart rate response to psychosocial stress. Furthermore, in the ASDanx group, reduced heart rate and cortisol responsiveness were significantly related to increased anxiety symptoms. This is the first study to report a possible physiological basis for co-occurring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with ASD. It is possible that a non-adaptive physiological response to psychosocial stress may be related to the high prevalence of co-occurring anxiety disorders in people with ASD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hollocks, Matthew J.; Simonoff, Emily] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London SE5 8AF, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. [Papadopoulos, Andrew S.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol Med, London SE5 8AF, England. [Khondoker, Mizanur] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Simonoff, Emily] Biomed Res Ctr Mental Hlth, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Hollocks, MJ (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, POB 85,16 De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM matthew.hollocks@kcl.ac.uk RI Khondoker, Mizanur/A-9860-2011 FU Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) in Mental Health [PCCKASA]; South London and Maudsley Charitable Funds FX This project was supported by the Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) in Mental Health, code: PCCKASA.Funding for equipment and saliva analyses was provided by a grant from the South London and Maudsley Charitable Funds. 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Townsend, J. Trauner, D. TI Dyspraxia, motor function and visual-motor integration in autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Dyspraxia; Motor; Visual-motor integration; Eye movement; Cerebellum ID DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BASAL GANGLIA; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INTERNAL-MODELS; EYE-MOVEMENTS; CEREBELLUM AB This project assessed dyspraxia in high-functioning school aged children with autism with a focus on Ideational Praxis. We examined the association of specific underlying motor function including eye movement with ideational dyspraxia (sequences of skilled movements) as well as the possible role of visual-motor integration in dyspraxia. We found that compared to IQ-, sex- and age-matched typically developing children, the children with autism performed significantly worse on: Ideational and Buccofacial praxis; a broad range of motor tests, including measures of simple motor skill, timing and accuracy of saccadic eye movements and motor coordination; and tests of visual-motor integration. Impairments in individual children with autism were heterogeneous in nature, although when we examined the praxis data as a function of a qualitative measure representing motor timing, we found that children with poor motor timing performed worse on all praxis categories and had slower and less accurate eye movements while those with regular timing performed as well as typical children on those same tasks. Our data provide evidence that both motor function and visual-motor integration contribute to dyspraxia. We suggest that dyspraxia in autism involves cerebellar mechanisms of movement control and the integration of these mechanisms with cortical networks implicated in praxis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chukoskie, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zinni, M.; Townsend, J.; Trauner, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Townsend, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC-0959, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jtownsend@ucsd.edu FU NIH [2 T35 HL 7491-31]; NINDS [P50-NS22343, R21-NS070296]; NSF [SMA 1041755] FX This study was funded by the NIH 2 T35 HL 7491-31 (MM), NINDS P50-NS22343 (DT), NINDS R21-NS070296 (JT) and NSF SMA 1041755 TDLC Science of Learning Center (LC). 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Brain Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 269 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.011 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AJ7GY UT WOS:000337866400014 PM 24742861 ER PT J AU Zhang-James, Y Yang, L Middleton, FA Yang, LN Patak, J Faraone, SV AF Zhang-James, Yanli Yang, Li Middleton, Frank A. Yang, Lina Patak, Jameson Faraone, Stephen V. TI Autism-related behavioral phenotypes in an inbred rat substrain SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WKY; Substrain; Social interaction; Ultrasonic vocalization; Inbred rat ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RAT; MICE MUS-MUSCULUS; ANIMAL-MODEL; ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RODENT MODELS; WKY RATS; CHILDREN; DEPRESSION; ATTENTION AB Behavioral and genetic differences among Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats from different vendors and different breeders have long been observed, but generally overlooked. In our prior work, we found that two closely related WKY substrains, the WKY/NCrl and WKY/NHsd rats, differ in a small percentage of their genome which appeared to be highly enriched for autism risk genes. Although both substrains have been used widely in studies of hypertension, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression, they have not been tested for any autism-related behavioral phenotypes. Furthermore, these two substrains have often been used interchangeably in previous studies; no study has systematically examined the phenotypic differences that could be attributed by their small yet potentially meaningful genetic differences. In this paper we compared these two substrains on a battery of neurobehavioral tests. Although two substrains were similar in locomotor activity, WKY/NCrl rats were significantly different from WKY/NHsd rats in the elevated plus maze test, as well as measures of social interaction and ultrasonic vocalization. These strains were also compared with Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, a common outbred strain, and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), an inbred rat model for ADHD and hypertension, which were derived from the same ancestor strain as the WKY strains. Our behavioral findings suggest that WKY/NCrl rats may be useful as a model autism spectrum disorders due to their lower social interest, lower ultrasonic vocalization and higher anxiety levels when WKY/NHsd rats are used as the control strain. Given the small genetic difference between the two inbred substrains, future studies to identify the exact gene and sequence variants that differ between the two may be useful for identifying the genetic mechanisms underlying these behaviors. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang-James, Yanli; Middleton, Frank A.; Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Middleton, Frank A.; Yang, Lina; Patak, Jameson; Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Yang, Li] Peking Univ, Hosp 6, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Faraone, SV (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM Zhangy@upstate.edu; yangli_pkuimh@bjmu.edu.cn; middletf@upstate.edu; yanglin@upstate.edu; patakj@upstate.edu; sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org FU NIH [R01MH066877]; NARSAD Young Investigator Award FX We thank Dr. Valerie Bolivar for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by NIH Grant R01MH066877 to Dr. Stephen Faraone and a NARSAD Young Investigator Award to Dr. Yanli Zhang-James. 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Background: FC involves a therapist (or facilitator) supporting the hand of a person with autism while a message is typed on a letter board. FC is widely acknowledged to be a pseudoscientific, unsafe, and unethical treatment for people with autism. RPM is a more recent intervention for people with autism that involves the facilitator holding and moving the letter board while the individual with autism moves their own hand. Those who espouse the perceived benefits of FC and RPM make strikingly similar claims of hidden intelligence and extraordinary communication abilities in people with autism following treatment. Conclusion: Clients, proponents, and practitioners of RPM should demand scientific validation of RPM in order to ensure the safety of people with disabilities that are involved with RPM. C1 [Tostanoski, Amy; Lang, Russell; Raulston, Tracy; Carnett, Amarie] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Clin Autism Res Evaluat & Support, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. 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Neurorehabil. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.3109/17518423.2013.783139 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA AJ8JK UT WOS:000337949100009 PM 23870013 ER PT J AU Langmaid, RA Papadopoulos, N Johnson, BP Phillips, JG Rinehart, NJ AF Langmaid, Rebecca A. Papadopoulos, Nicole Johnson, Beth P. Phillips, James G. Rinehart, Nicole J. TI Handwriting in Children With ADHD SO JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ADHD; fine motor control ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MOTOR COORDINATION; ATTENTION; METHYLPHENIDATE; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; DISEASE; FINE AB Objective: Children with ADHD-combined type (ADHD-CT) display fine and gross motor problems, often expressed as handwriting difficulties. This study aimed to kinematically characterize the handwriting of children with ADHD using a cursive letter l's task. Method: In all, 28 boys (7-12 years), 14 ADHD-CT and 14 typically developing (TD), without developmental coordination disorder (DCD) or comorbid autism, wrote a series of four cursive letter l's using a graphics tablet and stylus. Results: Children with ADHD-CT had more inconsistent writing size than did TD controls. In addition, ADHD-CT symptom severity, specifically inattention, predicted poorer handwriting outcomes. Conclusion: In a sample of children with ADHD-CT who do not have DCD or autism, subtle handwriting differences were evident. It was concluded that handwriting might be impaired in children with ADHD in a manner dependent on symptom severity. This may reflect reports of underlying motor impairment in ADHD. C1 [Langmaid, Rebecca A.; Papadopoulos, Nicole; Johnson, Beth P.; Phillips, James G.; Rinehart, Nicole J.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Rinehart, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, 270 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, Vic, Australia. EM nicole.rinehart@monash.edu FU National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC); Monash University [436609, APP1004387] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: The funding for this research was provided in part by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Monash University [Project Grant 436609; Project Grant APP1004387]. 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Ma, Monica TI False positives with visual analysis for nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs and ABAB designs: Preliminary findings SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE AB designs; ABAB designs; False positives; Nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs; Reversal designs; Single-subject designs ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; ACQUISITION; TECHNOLOGY; CONCURRENT; AUTISM; ADULTS; SKILLS AB This study evaluated the probability of generating false positives with three-tier nonconcurrent multiple baseline (NMBL) designs and ABAB designs. For Experiment 1, we generated four sets of three-tier NMBL design graphs. The first, second, and third sets consisted of fixed A-phase data points for all three tiers at 0%, 25% and 50%, respectively, and randomly generated data points in the B phases. The fourth set consisted of randomly generated data points in the A and B phases for all three tiers. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 933 EP 943 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.009 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600001 ER PT J AU Matsuda, S Yamamoto, J AF Matsuda, Soichiro Yamamoto, Junichi TI Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Facial expressions; Autism; Matching-to-sample; Socio-emotional situations; Emotion recognition ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AFFECTIVE PROSODY; BASIC EMOTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; PEOPLE; FACES AB Difficulties in understanding others' emotions have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Many methodologies for evaluating the emotion recognition can be analyzed by matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures. When using movies of socio-emotional situations as sample stimuli, children with ASD have been found to have difficulties in understanding them. Furthermore, there are few intervention studies that have targeted understanding of socio-emotional situations in children with ASD. The present study examined whether two young children with ASD can acquire the relationships between movies of socio-emotional situations and pictures of facial expressions through computer-based MTS training. The movies of situations and pictures of facial expressions represented happy, surprised, angry and sad emotions. The child with ASD was required to select the picture of facial expression when presented with the movie of socio-emotional situations as a sample stimulus, and if so, whether these skills can be generalized to untrained stimuli. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.010 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600002 ER PT J AU Goldin, RL Matson, JL Konst, MJ Adams, HL AF Goldin, Rachel L. Matson, Johnny L. Konst, Matthew J. Adams, Hilary L. TI A comparison of children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Atypical development; BASC-2 ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; FEEDING PROBLEMS; TRAITS BISCUIT; INFANT SCREEN; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SYMPTOMS AB The present study examined the use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) in discerning 151 children and adolescents 12-16 years of age with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from atypically and typically developing children and adolescents. Scores on the BASC-2 composites (i.e., externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, behavior symptom index [BSI], adaptive behaviors) and subscales (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression, conduct problems, anxiety, depression, somatization, atypicality, withdrawal, attention, adaptability, social skills, leadership, activities of daily living, functional communication) were compared between children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development. With the exception of aggression, somatization, and internalizing behaviors, participants with ASD were significantly more impaired than typically developing participants in all other composites and subscales. In comparison to atypically developing participants, the scores of participants with ASD evinced more impairment for BSI and its subscales, with the exception of attention, and the adaptive behavior composite and its subscales, with the exception of adaptability. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.005 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600003 ER PT J AU Dolev, S Oppenheim, D Koren-Karie, N Yirmiya, N AF Dolev, Smadar Oppenheim, David Koren-Karie, Nina Yirmiya, Nurit TI Early attachment and maternal insightfulness predict educational placement of children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Educational placement; Maternal insightfulness; Attachment ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; SEVERE DISABILITIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MOTHERS INSIGHTFULNESS; INTERNAL EXPERIENCE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PARENTS; SENSITIVITY; INFANTS AB We examined whether mothers' insightfulness - their capacity to "see things from the child's point of view" - and children's attachment, both assessed during the preschool years, are associated with the educational placement of children with ASD in middle childhood and early adolescence beyond the prediction offered by children's IQ and interactive competence. 39 boys with autism and their mothers participated. We assessed mothers' insightfulness, and children's attachment to their mothers, their intelligence and their interactional competencies. The results supported our hypothesis. The emotional quality of the relationship between the children and their mothers during the preschool age, as reflected in the mothers' insightfulness and the children's attachment security, predicted children's educational placement in inclusive programs 4.5 and 8.5 years later, over and above the prediction offered by children's IQ and their interactive competence. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dolev, Smadar] Oranim Coll Educ, Early Childhood Dept, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. [Oppenheim, David; Koren-Karie, Nina] Ctr Study Child Dev, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. [Yirmiya, Nurit] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Dolev, S (reprint author), Oranim Coll Educ, Early Childhood Dept, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. 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Jang, Jina TI Conceptualizing skills that are most critical in diagnosing autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Core symptoms; Autism; Differential diagnosis; DSM-5 ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DSM-IV-TR; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; FEEDING PROBLEMS; INFANT SCREEN; PDD-NOS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a broad but heterogeneous group of symptoms. This factor has resulted in a debate as to whether the disorder is a unitary construct or a group of related disorders with a similar symptom presentation. Additionally, some core symptoms are seen in other developmental disabilities such as intellectual disability. This review covers these and related issues in the context of what symptoms are most critical for diagnosing ASD and distinguishing it from other developmental disabilities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.; Jang, Jina] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jang, JN (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 968 EP 973 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.011 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600005 ER PT J AU Chiang, HM Wineman, I AF Chiang, Hsu-Min Wineman, Immanuel TI Factors associated with quality of life in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A review of literature SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorder; ASD; Quality of life; Adults; Children; Outcomes ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ADULTS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; COMMUNICATION; DISABILITIES; POPULATION; EMPLOYMENT AB This review study was conducted to synthesize the existing research on the level of quality of life (QoL) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the factors associated with their QoL. A total of 16 studies were included for this review. This study found that (a) the majority of the individuals with ASD had poor QoL; (b) behavior problems and leisure activities were associated with the QoL of the majority of adults with ASD; (c) autism severity, age, behavior problems, social skills, adaptive behavior, education, and comorbid psychiatric conditions were associated with the QoL of the majority of children with ASD. These findings may provide critical information to parents/caregivers of individuals with ASD and practitioners providing services to them. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chiang, Hsu-Min; Wineman, Immanuel] Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, Hlth & Behav Studies Special Educ Program, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Chiang, HM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, Hlth & Behav Studies Special Educ Program, Box 223,525 W120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 974 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.003 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600006 ER PT J AU Makinen, L Loukusa, S Leinonen, E Moilanen, I Ebeling, H Kunnari, S AF Makinen, Leena Loukusa, Soile Leinonen, Eeva Moilanen, Irma Ebeling, Hanna Kunnari, Sari TI Characteristics of narrative language in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Finnish SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Comprehension; Linguistic structure; Narratives; Pragmatics; Referencing ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COHERENCE ACCOUNT; NORMAL-CHILDREN; STORY RECALL; ABILITY; COMMUNICATION; IMPAIRMENT; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; COMPREHENSION AB This study examined linguistic and pragmatic aspects of narrative abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which have not been studied thoroughly and not at all in Finnish. Sixteen five- to ten-year-old Finnish high-functioning children with ASD (mean age 7;7 years) and 16 age-matched typically developing children (mean age 7;5 years) participated in this study. Children's picture-based narrations were analyzed for narrative productivity, syntactic complexity, referential accuracy, event content, use of additional and extraneous information, mental state expressions, and narrative comprehension. Several linguistic- and pragmatic-based measures were used in order to gain a comprehensive picture of strengths and weaknesses that children with ASD might show in storytelling. The use of linguistic structure, referential accuracy and mental state expressions was similar between the groups. However, children with ASD showed difficulties in establishing informative story content, making inferences from story events and an ability not to include extraneous information into their stories. Therefore, the problems seen in their narrative language use can be described as being related to pragmatic aspects of narration. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Makinen, Leena; Loukusa, Soile; Kunnari, Sari] Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities Logoped, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Makinen, Leena; Loukusa, Soile; Kunnari, Sari] Univ Oulu, Child Language Res Ctr, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Leinonen, Eeva] Univ Wollongong, Sch Psychol, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Moilanen, Irma; Ebeling, Hanna] Univ Hosp Oulu, Inst Clin Med, Dept Child Psychiat, Oulu 90029, Finland. RP Makinen, L (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities Logoped, POB 1000, Oulu 90014, Finland. EM leena.makinen@oulu.fi; soile.loukusa@oulu.fi; leinonen@uow.edu.au; irma.moilanen@oulu.fi; hanna.ebeling@oulu.fi; sari.kunnari@oulu.fi CR American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGNOSTIC AND STATI Arnold JE, 2009, COGNITION, V110, P131, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.10.016 Astington J. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 8 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.001 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AJ8UF UT WOS:000337982600007 ER PT J AU Tanaka, JW Quim, PC Xu, BY Maynard, K Huxtable, N Lee, K Pascalis, O AF Tanaka, James W. Quim, Paul C. Xu, Buyun Maynard, Kim Huxtable, Natalie Lee, Kang Pascalis, Olivier TI The effects of information type (features vs. configuration) and location (eyes vs. mouth) on the development of face perception SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Face recognition; Face perception; Configural processing; Featural processing; Face strategies ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; FACIAL FEATURES; PROCESSING DEVELOPS; NEWBORNS PREFERENCE; SPATIAL RELATIONS; EARLY MATURITY; RECOGNITION; INVERSION; PROSOPAGNOSIA; SENSITIVITY AB The goal of the current study was to investigate the development of face processing strategies in a perceptual discrimination task. Children (7-12 years of age) and young adults were administered the Face Dimensions Task. In the Face Dimensions Task, participants were asked to judge whether two simultaneously presented faces were the "same" or "different". For the "same" trials, the two faces were identical. 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Cult. Geogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 504 EP 524 DI 10.1080/14649365.2014.898781 PG 21 WC Geography SC Geography GA AJ3TK UT WOS:000337590100002 ER PT J AU Brosnan, M Hollinworth, M Antoniadou, K Lewton, M AF Brosnan, Mark Hollinworth, Melissa Antoniadou, Konstantina Lewton, Marcus TI Is Empathizing intuitive and Systemizing deliberative? SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Empathizing; Systemizing; E-S theory; Intuition; Deliberation; Dual process theory ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; MALE BRAIN THEORY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EMOTION RECOGNITION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; DECISION-MAKING; ADULTS AB This is the first study to explore the relationship between Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) theory that provides an account of sex differences in human cognition and dual process theories of cognition. 68 Undergraduates undertook both performance and self-report assessments of Empathizing, intuition, Systemizing and deliberation. A fast (500 ms) and slow (5000 ms) version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET) was included to explore the effects of rapid presentation on emotional stimuli. Consistent with E-S theory, sex differences were found in Empathizing (favouring females) and Systemizing (favouring males). Females were also found to be more intuitive and males more deliberative for performance, but not self-report, assessments of intuition and deliberation. Empathizing significantly positively correlated with intuition and negatively with deliberation. Conversely. Systemizing significantly positively correlated with deliberation and negatively with intuition (trend). This pattern was replicated in a study of 65 participants from the general population. The exception was the RMET which had no significant sex differences or correlates (fast or slow). The implications for considering both dual process theories of cognition and E-S theory are discussed, with a focus upon the implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder and psychosis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brosnan, Mark; Hollinworth, Melissa; Lewton, Marcus] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Antoniadou, Konstantina] Maastricht Univ, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. 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Ricketts, Jessie Charman, Tony Lindsay, Geoff TI Exploring writing products in students with language impairments and autism spectrum disorders SO LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE Written text production; Language impairment; ASD; Transcription; Text generation ID CURRICULUM-BASED MEASURES; MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS; WRITTEN LANGUAGE; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; WORKING-MEMORY; ORAL LANGUAGE; AGE-CHILDREN; EXPRESSION; SKILLS; INSTRUCTION AB Oral language skills scaffold written text production; students with oral language difficulties often experience writing problems. The current study examines the ways in which oral language problems experienced by students with language impairment (LI) and students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) impact on their production of written text. One hundred and fifty seven participants (M-age = 10;2) with LI or ASD completed standardized measures of oral language, transcription, working memory, and nonverbal ability and produced a written narrative text assessed for productivity, grammatical accuracy, and quality. Measures of transcription, productivity, and grammatical accuracy, but not text quality, were poorer for students with LI. Transcription skills accounted for the majority of variance in the writing of the LI cohort. For the ASD cohort, handwriting, oral language and autism symptomatology were significant predictors. When students with ASD also experienced language problems, their performance was equivalent to that observed in the LI cohort. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dockrell, Julie E.] Univ London, Inst Educ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Ricketts, Jessie] Univ Reading, Inst Educ, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. 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PD AUG PY 2014 VL 32 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.01.008 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Educational SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA AG0NJ UT WOS:000335111900008 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Gadea, ML Tripicchio, P Rattazzi, A Baez, S Marino, J Roca, M Manes, F Ibanez, A AF Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria Tripicchio, Paula Rattazzi, Alexia Baez, Sandra Marino, Julian Roca, Maria Manes, Facundo Ibanez, Agustin TI Inter-individual cognitive variability in children with Asperger's syndrome SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE individual variability; fluid intelligence; theory of mind; executive functions; Asperger's syndrome ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; OSTERRIETH COMPLEX FIGURE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; FRONTAL-LOBE LESIONS; MULTIPLE CASE SERIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FLUID INTELLIGENCE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; DISEMBEDDING PERFORMANCE; PARIETAL CORTEX AB Multiple studies have tried to establish the distinctive profile of individuals with Asperger's syndrome (AS). However, recent reports suggest that adults with AS feature heterogeneous cognitive profiles. The present study explores inter-individual variability in children with AS through group comparison and multiple case series analysis. All participants completed an extended battery including measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence, executive functions, theory of mind, and classical neuropsychological tests. Significant group differences were found in theory of mind and other domains related to global information processing. However, the AS group showed high inter-individual variability (both sub- and supra-normal performance) on most cognitive tasks. Furthermore, high fluid intelligence correlated with less general cognitive impairment, high cognitive flexibility, and speed of motor processing. In light of these findings, we propose that children with AS are characterized by a distinct, uneven pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. C1 [Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria; Tripicchio, Paula; Rattazzi, Alexia; Baez, Sandra; Roca, Maria; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Favaloro Univ, Inst Cognit Neurol, Lab Expt Psychol & Neurosci, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria; Baez, Sandra; Roca, Maria; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Natl Sci & Tech Res Council, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria; Baez, Sandra; Roca, Maria; Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Diego Portales Univ, UDP INECO Fdn Core Neurosci, Santiago, Chile. [Baez, Sandra] Univ Catolica Argentina, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Marino, Julian] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Psicol, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Manes, Facundo; Ibanez, Agustin] Univ Autonoma Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia. RP Ibanez, A (reprint author), Favaloro Univ, Inst Cognit Neurol, Lab Expt Psychol & Neurosci, Pacheco de Melo 1854-60 C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM aibanez@ineco.org.ar FU CONICET; CONICYT/FONDECYT Regular [1130920, 1140114]; FONCyT-PICT [2012-0412, 2012-1309]; INECO Foundation; Fiat Foundation FX This work was partially supported by grants from CONICET, CONICYT/FONDECYT Regular (1130920 and 1140114), FONCyT-PICT 2012-0412, FONCyT-PICT 2012-1309, the INECO Foundation, and Fiat Foundation. The authors thank Asociacion Asperger Argentina, Ernesto Walhberg, and Sofia Peluffo for helping with the patient recruitment process. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD JUL 31 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 575 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00575 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AN5CM UT WOS:000340606900001 PM 25132817 ER PT J AU Dore, AS Okrasa, K Patel, JC Serrano-Vega, M Bennett, K Cooke, RM Errey, JC Jazayeri, A Khan, S Tehan, B Weir, M Wiggin, GR Marshall, FH AF Dore, Andrew S. Okrasa, Krzysztof Patel, Jayesh C. Serrano-Vega, Maria Bennett, Kirstie Cooke, Robert M. Errey, James C. Jazayeri, Ali Khan, Samir Tehan, Ben Weir, Malcolm Wiggin, Giselle R. Marshall, Fiona H. TI Structure of class C GPCR metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 transmembrane domain SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS; HEPTAHELICAL DOMAIN; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING POCKETS; CONFORMATION; ACTIVATION; FAMILY; THERMOSTABILIZATION AB Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate. 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Potash, James B. McCombie, W. Richard Zandi, Peter P. TI Validation and assessment of variant calling pipelines for next-generation sequencing SO HUMAN GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Variant calling pipelines; Next-generation sequencing; Exome sequencing ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXOME; TOOL; CANCER; INDIVIDUALS; ASSOCIATION; CONCORDANCE; DISCOVERY; FRAMEWORK AB Background: The processing and analysis of the large scale data generated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) experiments is challenging and is a burgeoning area of new methods development. Several new bioinformatics tools have been developed for calling sequence variants from NGS data. Here, we validate the variant calling of these tools and compare their relative accuracy to determine which data processing pipeline is optimal. Results: We developed a unified pipeline for processing NGS data that encompasses four modules: mapping, filtering, realignment and recalibration, and variant calling. We processed 130 subjects from an ongoing whole exome sequencing study through this pipeline. To evaluate the accuracy of each module, we conducted a series of comparisons between the single nucleotide variant (SNV) calls from the NGS data and either gold-standard Sanger sequencing on a total of 700 variants or array genotyping data on a total of 9,935 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. A head to head comparison showed that Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) provided more accurate calls than SAMtools (positive predictive value of 92.55% vs. 80.35%, respectively). Realignment of mapped reads and recalibration of base quality scores before SNV calling proved to be crucial to accurate variant calling. GATK HaplotypeCaller algorithm for variant calling outperformed the UnifiedGenotype algorithm. We also showed a relationship between mapping quality, read depth and allele balance, and SNV call accuracy. However, if best practices are used in data processing, then additional filtering based on these metrics provides little gains and accuracies of >99% are achievable. Conclusions: Our findings will help to determine the best approach for processing NGS data to confidently call variants for downstream analyses. To enable others to implement and replicate our results, all of our codes are freely available at http://metamoodics.org/wes. C1 [Pirooznia, Mehdi; Goes, Fernando S.; Zandi, Peter P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kramer, Melissa; Parla, Jennifer; McCombie, W. Richard] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Stanley Inst Cognit Genom, Woodbury, NY 11797 USA. [Potash, James B.] Univ Iowa, Sch Med, Carver Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [McCombie, W. Richard] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Watson Sch Biol Sci, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Zandi, Peter P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Zandi, PP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM pzandi@jhsph.edu FU NIH [R01MH087979, R01MH087992, K01MH093809] FX This project is supported by the NIH funding from R01MH087979 (JBP), R01MH087992 (WRM), and K01MH093809 (MP). 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Genomics PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 14 DI 10.1186/1479-7364-8-14 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AN9YB UT WOS:000340964300001 PM 25078893 ER PT J AU Lozano, R Hagerman, RJ Duyzend, M Budimirovic, DB Eichler, EE Tassone, F AF Lozano, Reymundo Hagerman, Randi J. Duyzend, Michael Budimirovic, Dejan B. Eichler, Evan E. Tassone, Flora TI Genomic studies in fragile X premutation carriers SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Premutation; FMR1 gene; Autism; Second hit; ASD; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Neurological disorders ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; FMR1 MESSENGER-RNA; TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; EXPANDED ALLELES; GENE; AUTISM; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM AB Background: The FMR1 premutation is defined as having 55 to 200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1). The clinical involvement has been well characterized for fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). The behavior/psychiatric and other neurological manifestations remain to be specified as well as the molecular mechanisms that will explain the phenotypic variability observed in individuals with the FMR1 premutation. Methods: Here we describe a small pilot study of copy number variants (CNVs) in 56 participants with a premutation ranging from 55 to 192 repeats. The participants were divided into four different clinical groups for the analysis: those with behavioral problems but no autism spectrum disorder (ASD); those with ASD but without neurological problems; those with ASD and neurological problems including seizures; and those with neurological problems without ASD. Results: We found 12 rare CNVs (eight duplications and four deletions) in 11 cases (19.6%) that were not found in approximately 8,000 controls. Three of them were at 10q26 and two at Xp22.3, with small areas of overlap. The CNVs were more commonly identified in individuals with neurological involvement and ASD. Conclusions: The frequencies were not statistically significant across the groups. There were no significant differences in the psychometric and behavior scores among all groups. Further studies are necessary to determine the frequency of second genetic hits in individuals with the FMR1 premutation; however, these preliminary results suggest that genomic studies can be useful in understanding the molecular etiology of clinical involvement in premutation carriers with ASD and neurological involvement. C1 [Lozano, Reymundo; Hagerman, Randi J.; Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Lozano, Reymundo; Hagerman, Randi J.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Duyzend, Michael; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Budimirovic, Dejan B.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Lozano, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM reymundo.lozano@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu RI Budimirovic, Dejan/O-7885-2014 OI Budimirovic, Dejan/0000-0001-7263-5134 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [HD02274, HD036071] FX We would like to thank Gary Latham, Aia E Jonch, Andrea Schneider, Melanie Rothfuss, Kirin Basuta and Cristina Lozano for useful discussion. This work was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grants HD02274, and HD036071. This work is dedicated to the memory of Matteo. 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Although genetic studies have been carried out in this field, none of the genes identified have led to an explanation of the underlying causes. Here, we have investigated molecular alterations by proteomic profiling of post mortem brain samples from autism patients and controls. The analysis focussed on prefrontal cortex and cerebellum as previous studies have found that these two brain regions are structurally and functionally connected, and they have been implicated in autism. Methods: Post mortem prefrontal cortex and cerebellum samples from autism patients and matched controls were analysed using selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM-MS). The main objective was to identify significantly altered proteins and biological pathways and to compare these across these two brain regions. Results: Targeted SRM-MS resulted in identification of altered levels of proteins related to myelination, synaptic vesicle regulation and energy metabolism. This showed decreased levels of the immature astrocyte marker vimentin in both brain regions, suggesting a decrease in astrocyte precursor cells. Also, decreased levels of proteins associated with myelination and increased synaptic and energy-related proteins were found in the prefrontal cortex, indicative of increased synaptic connectivity. Finally, opposite directional changes were found for myelination and synaptic proteins in the cerebellum. Conclusion: These findings suggest altered structural and/or functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in autism patients, as shown by opposite effects on proteins involved in myelination and synaptic function. Further investigation of these findings could help to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying autism relating to brain connectivity, with the ultimate aim of facilitating novel therapeutic approaches. C1 [Broek, Jantine A. 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Autism PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 41 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-41 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO2MX UT WOS:000341158700002 PM 25126406 ER PT J AU Vasu, MM Anitha, A Thanseem, I Suzuki, K Yamada, K Takahashi, T Wakuda, T Iwata, K Tsujii, M Sugiyama, T Mori, N AF Vasu, Mahesh Mundalil Anitha, Ayyappan Thanseem, Ismail Suzuki, Katsuaki Yamada, Kohei Takahashi, Taro Wakuda, Tomoyasu Iwata, Keiko Tsujii, Masatsugu Sugiyama, Toshirou Mori, Norio TI Serum microRNA profiles in children with autism SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; microRNA; complementary DNA; microarray; quantitative PCR ID LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXPRESSION PROFILES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; GENE; DISEASES; DYSREGULATION; INDIVIDUALS; CANCER; CORTEX AB Background: As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the transcriptional networks of the developing human brain. Circulating miRNAs in the serum and plasma are remarkably stable and are suggested to have promise as noninvasive biomarkers for neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the serum expression profiles of neurologically relevant miRNAs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple deficits in communication, social interaction and behavior. Methods: Total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from the serum samples of 55 individuals with ASD and 55 age-and sex-matched control subjects, and the mature miRNAs were selectively converted into cDNA. Initially, the expression of 125 mature miRNAs was compared between pooled control and ASD samples. The differential expression of 14 miRNAs was further validated by SYBR Green quantitative PCR of individual samples. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs. The target genes and pathways of miRNAs were predicted using DIANA mirPath software. Results: Thirteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in ASD individuals compared to the controls. MiR-151a-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-320a, miR-328, miR-433, miR-489, miR-572, and miR-663a were downregulated, while miR-101-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-195-5p, and miR-19b-3p were upregulated. Five miRNAs showed good predictive power for distinguishing individuals with ASD. The target genes of these miRNAs were enriched in several crucial neurological pathways. Conclusions: This is the first study of serum miRNAs in ASD individuals. The results suggest that a set of serum miRNAs might serve as a possible noninvasive biomarker for ASD. C1 [Vasu, Mahesh Mundalil; Thanseem, Ismail; Suzuki, Katsuaki; Takahashi, Taro; Wakuda, Tomoyasu; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Higashi Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Anitha, Ayyappan; Yamada, Kohei; Tsujii, Masatsugu; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Higashi Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Iwata, Keiko] Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Fukui 9101193, Japan. [Tsujii, Masatsugu] Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Toyota 4700393, Japan. [Sugiyama, Toshirou] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Higashi Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. RP Suzuki, K (reprint author), Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Higashi Ku, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. EM k-suzuki@hama-med.ac.jp FU Takeda Science Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX We thank Mses. Mika Oyaizu and Tae Takahashi for their technical assistance. This work was supported by the Takeda Science Foundation. It was also supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for 'Integrated Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders' carried out under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. None of these funding sources played any role in the design and conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. 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In fact, hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment is now included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. However, there are children with sensory processing differences who do not meet an ASD diagnosis but do show atypical sensory behaviors to the same or greater degree as ASD children. We previously demonstrated that children with Sensory Processing Disorders (SPD) have impaired white matter microstructure, and that this white matter microstructural pathology correlates with atypical sensory behavior. In this study, we use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber tractography to evaluate the structural connectivity of specific white matter tracts in boys with ASD (n = 15) and boys with SPD (n = 16), relative to typically developing children (n = 23). We define white matter tracts using probabilistic streamline tractography and assess the strength of tract connectivity using mean fractional anisotropy. Both the SPD and ASD cohorts demonstrate decreased connectivity relative to controls in parieto-occipital tracts involved in sensory perception and multisensory integration. However, the ASD group alone shows impaired connectivity, relative to controls, in temporal tracts thought to subserve social-emotional processing. In addition to these group difference analyses, we take a dimensional approach to assessing the relationship between white matter connectivity and participant function. These correlational analyses reveal significant associations of white matter connectivity with auditory processing, working memory, social skills, and inattention across our three study groups. These findings help elucidate the roles of specific neural circuits in neurodevelopmental disorders, and begin to explore the dimensional relationship between critical cognitive functions and structural connectivity across affected and unaffected children. C1 [Chang, Yi-Shin; Owen, Julia P.; Mukherjee, Pratik] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Desai, Shivani S.; Hill, Susanna S.; Arnett, Anne B.; Harris, Julia; Marco, Elysa J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. RP Marco, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM marcoe@neuropeds.ucsf.edu FU Wallace Research Foundation; Gates Family Foundation; Holcombe Kawaja Family Foundation; Simons Foundation; NIH [R01 NS060776, K23 MH083890, KL2 RR024130] FX This work was funded by grants from the Wallace Research Foundation, the Gates Family Foundation and the Holcombe Kawaja Family Foundation. EJM, JPO and PM acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation. PM also acknowledges support from NIH R01 NS060776. EJM has received support from NIH K23 MH083890 and KL2 RR024130. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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This account is mechanistic in the sense that it offers a mechanism whereby asymmetrical components of structure are related to specific functional biases yielding testable predictions, rather than the generalization that "bigger is better" for any given function. Face processing provides a test case it is the opposite of language, being dominant in the right hemisphere. Consistent with the bias for holistic, configural processing of faces, the minicolumns in the right-hemisphere fusiform gyrus are thinner than in the left hemisphere, which is associated with featural processing. Again, this asymmetry is not found in chimpanzees. The difference between hemispheres may also be seen in terms of processing speed, facilitated by asymmetric myelination of white matter tracts (Anderson etal., 1999 found that axons of the left posterior superior temporal lobe were more thickly myelinated). By cross-referencing the differences between the active fields of the two hemispheres, via tracts such as the corpus callosum, the relationship of local features to global features may be encoded. The emergent hierarchy of features within features is a recursive structure that may functionally contribute to generativity the ability to perceive and express layers of structure and their relations to each other. The inference is that recursive generativity, an essential component of language, reflects an interaction between processing biases that may be traceable in the microstructure of the cerebral cortex. Minicolumn organization in the PT and the prefrontal cortex has been found to correlate with cognitive scores in humans. Altered minicolumn organization is also observed in neuropsychiatric disorders including autism and schizophrenia. 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TI Emerging role of the KCNT1 Slack channel in intellectual disability SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Slack; KCNT1; intellectual disability; Fragile X syndrome; epilepsy ID MIGRATING PARTIAL SEIZURES; INFANTILE EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; FRONTAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNELS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; K-NA CHANNELS; SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX INVITRO; FAMILIAL OHTAHARA SYNDROME; OLIVARY-DENTATE DYSPLASIA AB The sodium-activated potassium K-Na channels Slack and Slick are encoded by KCNT1 and KCNT2, respectively. These channels are found in neurons throughout the brain, and are responsible for a delayed outward current termed /(KNa). These currents integrate into shaping neuronal excitability, as well as adaptation in response to maintained stimulation. Abnormal Slack channel activity may play a role in Fragile X syndrome, the most common cause for intellectual disability and inherited autism. Slack channels interact directly with the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and /(KNa) is reduced in animal models of Fragile X syndrome that lack FMRP. Human Slack mutations that alter channel activity can also lead to intellectual disability, as has been found for several childhood epileptic disorders. Ongoing research is elucidating the relationship between mutant Slack channel activity, development of early onset epilepsies and intellectual impairment. This review describes the emerging role of Slack channels in intellectual disability, coupled with an overview of the physiological role of neuronal (/KNa) currents. C1 [Kaczmarek, Leonard K.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kaczmarek, Leonard K.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kaczmarek, LK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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[Rabaneda, Luis G.; Robles-Lanuza, Estefania; Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose Luis; Scholl, Francisco G.] Univ Seville, Dept Fisiol Med & Biofis, Seville 41013, Spain. [Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose Luis] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedade Meurodegenerat, Seville 41013, Spain. RP Scholl, FG (reprint author), Univ Seville, CSIC, Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS, Ave Manuel Siurot S-N, Seville 41013, Spain. EM fgs@us.es RI Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose/B-7165-2013 OI Nieto-Gonzalez, Jose/0000-0003-1757-4951 FU NEURONERANET (EUHF-AUTISM) [PIM2010ERN-0070]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI111058]; Junta de Andalucia [P11-CVI-7599]; V Plan Propio de Investigacion (Universidad de Sevilla); Juan de la Cierva MINECO contract FX Research at the F.G.S. lab was funded by grants from NEURONERANET (EUHF-AUTISM, PIM2010ERN-0070), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI111058), and Junta de Andalucia (P11-CVI-7599). We thank Dr. Leon Lagnado (University of Sussex) for the generous gift of the sypHy construct, Dr. Oscar Pintado for pronuclear injection, Dr. Angel Barco for helpful advice with bitransgenic mice, and Dr. Maria Luz Montesinos and Itziar Benito for assistance with some behavioral tests. Technical assistance during the generation of transgenic mice was provided by Maria Luisa Pecero. The authors wish to thank Drs. Rafael Fernandez-Chacon and Amalia Martinez-Mir for support and critical reading of the manuscript. E. R-L received a fellowship from V Plan Propio de Investigacion (Universidad de Sevilla), and J.L.N.-G is a recipient of a Juan de la Cierva MINECO contract. Part of the study was performed at CITIUS (Universidad de Sevilla). 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Pillai, Anilkumar TI TrkB interacts with ErbB4 and regulates NRG1-induced NR2B phosphorylation in cortical neurons before synaptogenesis SO CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING LA English DT Article DE NRG1; BDNF; TrkB; Neurons; Synapse; NR2B ID RAT VISUAL-CORTEX; NMDA RECEPTOR; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; BDNF; EXPRESSION; NEUREGULIN-1; CELLS AB Background: Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and NMDARs play important roles in various neuronal functions including neural development. NMDARs also promote many cellular events such as proliferation and survival of neuroblasts before synapse formation. Although many recent studies have indicated that NRG1 regulates NMDAR function in cortical neurons, the effect of NRG1 on NMDAR activation before synapse formation is not well studied. Results: NRG1 induces activation of NMDAR subunit NR2B, and tropomyosin- related kinase receptor B (TrkB), the receptor for BDNF via activation of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) in immature primary cortical neurons. Our data using TrkB inhibitor (K252a), TrkB siRNA and TrkB-/- neurons demonstrated that TrkB inhibition suppresses NRG1-induced NR2B activation in neurons. We found that NRG1 stimulation leads to GABA(A) receptor-mediated TrkB activation. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligase assay showed that TrkB interacts with ErbB4 (NRG1 receptor) and the TrkB-ErbB4 interaction was increased following NRG1 treatment. A significant reduction in TrkB-ErbB4 interaction was observed in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. We found significant increase in released BDNF levels following NRG1 treatment, which was inhibited by ErbB4 inhibitor, AG1478. In addition, pretreatment with BDNF neutralizing antibody, but not control IgG abolished NRG1- induced increases in phospho-TrkB and phospho-NR2B levels. Moreover, studies using TrkB mutants showed that intercellular domain of TrkB is necessary for TrkB-ErbB4 interaction and NR2B activation. Conclusions: BDNF/TrkB signaling plays an important role in the NRG1- stimulated NR2B regulation. These findings could be of relevance to many neurodevelopmental disorders, as NRG1 and BDNF signaling pathways have been implicated in autism and schizophrenia. C1 [Pandya, Chirayu D.; Pillai, Anilkumar] Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Psychiat & Hlth Behav, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. RP Pillai, A (reprint author), Georgia Regents Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Psychiat & Hlth Behav, 997 St Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. EM apillai@gru.edu FU NINDS/NIH; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; Department of Veteran Affairs FX We thank Dr. Chao (New York University School of Medicine, New York) for the phospho-TrkB antibody and Dr. Maruyama (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan) for the TrkB constructs. The authors are thankful to Dr. Rohrer (Medical University of South Carolina, SC) for the TrkB knockout mice. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Human Brain and Spinal Fluid Resource Center, VA West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90073 which is supported by NINDS/NIH, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and Department of Veteran Affairs. 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C1 [Zhao, Haiyan; Kim, Yoonju; Park, Joohyun; Park, Daehun; Lee, Sang-Eun; Chang, Iree; Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Sci, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Zhao, Haiyan; Kim, Yoonju; Park, Joohyun; Park, Daehun; Lee, Sang-Eun; Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Biomembrane Plast Res Ctr, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Kim, Yoonju; Park, Joohyun; Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Neurosci Res Inst, Med Res Ctr, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Chang, Sunghoe] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Biomax Inst, Seoul 110799, South Korea. RP Chang, S (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, 309 Biomed Sci Bldg,28 Yeongeon Dong, Seoul 110799, South Korea. EM sunghoe@snu.ac.kr FU Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center - National Research Foundation of Korea [20100029395] FX This work was supported by the Biomembrane Plasticity Research Center funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant 20100029395 to S.C.). 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We used animated average faces to examine the ability of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to perceive facial motion. Participants completed increasingly difficult tasks involving the discrimination of (1) sequences of facial motion, (2) the identity of individuals based on their facial motion and (3) the gender of individuals. Stimuli were presented in both upright and upside-down orientations to test for the difference in inversion effects often found when comparing ASD with controls in face perception. The ASD group's performance was impaired relative to the control group in all three tasks and unlike the control group, the individuals with ASD failed to show an inversion effect. These results point to a deficit in facial biological motion processing in people with autism, which we suggest is linked to deficits in lower level motion processing we have previously reported. 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PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 784 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00784 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AL8NV UT WOS:000339396900001 PM 25101040 ER PT J AU Iijima, K Ota, K AF Iijima, Kazuki Ota, Koji TI How (not) to draw philosophical implications from the cognitive nature of concepts: the case of intentionality SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental philosophy; normativism; descriptivism; Knobe effect; intentionality; theory of mind ID MORAL RESPONSIBILITY; ORDINARY LANGUAGE; FOLK INTUITIONS; AUTISM; JUDGMENT; MIND AB Philosophers have often appealed to intuitive judgments in various thought experiments to support or reject particular theses. Experimental philosophy is an emerging discipline that examines the cognitive nature of such intuitive judgments. In this paper, we assess the methodological and epistemological status of experimental philosophy. We focus on the Knobe effect, in which our intuitive judgment of the intentionality of an action seems to depend on the perceived moral status of that action. The debate on the philosophical implications of the Knobe effect has been framed in terms of the distinction between the competence and performance of the concept of intentionality. Some scholars seem to suggest that the Knobe effect reflects the competence (or otherwise, the performance error) of the concept of intentionality. However, we argue that these notions are purely functional and thus do not have philosophical implications, without assuming normativism, which we see as problematic in a psychological methodology. Finally, focusing on the gap between competence and rationality, we suggest future directions for experimental philosophy. C1 [Iijima, Kazuki] Tamagawa Univ, Brain Sci Inst, Machida, Tokyo 1948610, Japan. [Iijima, Kazuki] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. 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Psychol. PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 799 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00799 PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AL8NO UT WOS:000339396200001 PM 25101045 ER PT J AU Albertini, B Di Sabatino, M Melegari, C Passerini, N AF Albertini, Beatrice Di Sabatino, Marcello Melegari, Cecilia Passerini, Nadia TI Formulating SLMs as oral pulsatile system for potential delivery of melatonin to pediatric population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE Melatonin; Solid-lipid microparticles; Spray congealing; Oral pediatric formulation; Dose flexibility; Stability in food ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE MELATONIN; CHILDREN; SLEEP; DISORDERS; AUTISM; MEDICINES; ATOMIZER; ENHANCE AB The formulation development of melatonin (MLT) for infants and children with neurodevelopmental difficulties was fully investigated. This population have a higher prevalence of sleep disorders and present special challenges for drug administration and swallowing. To solve these issues, solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) were designed to obtain an oral flexible dosage form constituted by GRAS excipients and a free flow pulsatile delivery system for MLT, able to maintain its release through 8 h. Three groups of SLMs were produced by spray congealing and characterized as regards particle size, morphology, flowability, solid state, drug content and release behavior. The SLMs manipulation with milk and yogurt and the MLT stability in these foods were also investigated. Microparticles with different excipient composition were selected to obtain a pulsatile release pattern over 8 h. The final delivery platform displayed a prompt release from group I SLMs together with a lag phase of groups II and III SLMs, followed by a repeated MLT release from group II and a prolonged MLT release related to the last group. 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J. Pharm. PD JUL 20 PY 2014 VL 469 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.055 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AH9TZ UT WOS:000336487500009 PM 24768728 ER PT J AU Fan, YT Cheng, YW AF Fan, Yang-Teng Cheng, Yawei TI Atypical Mismatch Negativity in Response to Emotional Voices in People with Autism Spectrum Conditions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; BRAIN POTENTIALS; CHILDREN; SPEECH; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; DISCRIMINATION; DISORDER AB Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are characterized by heterogeneous impairments of social reciprocity and sensory processing. Voices, similar to faces, convey socially relevant information. Whether voice processing is selectively impaired remains undetermined. This study involved recording mismatch negativity (MMN) while presenting emotionally spoken syllables dada and acoustically matched nonvocal sounds to 20 subjects with ASC and 20 healthy matched controls. The people with ASC exhibited no MMN response to emotional syllables and reduced MMN to nonvocal sounds, indicating general impairments of affective voice and acoustic discrimination. Weaker angry MMN amplitudes were associated with more autistic traits. Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed that angry MMN amplitudes yielded a value of 0.88 (p<.001). The results suggest that people with ASC may process emotional voices in an atypical fashion already at the automatic stage. This processing abnormality can facilitate diagnosing ASC and enable social deficits in people with ASC to be predicted. C1 [Fan, Yang-Teng; Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Fan, Yang-Teng; Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Brain Res Ctr, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ Hosp, Dept Rehabil, Yilan, Taiwan. [Cheng, Yawei] Taipei City Hosp, Dept Res & Educ, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Cheng, YW (reprint author), Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. EM ywcheng2@ym.edu.tw FU Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 103-2401-H-010-003-MY3]; National Yang-Ming University Hospital [RD2014-003]; Health Department of Taipei City Government [10301-62-009]; Ministry of Education (Aim for the Top University Plan) FX The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 103-2401-H-010-003-MY3), National Yang-Ming University Hospital (RD2014-003), Health Department of Taipei City Government (10301-62-009), and Ministry of Education (Aim for the Top University Plan). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prosodic phrasing; contrastive discourse status; theory of mind; social interaction; attribution of knowledge; schizophrenia; French ID SOCIAL COGNITION; MIND DEFICITS; PEOPLE; POOR; METAANALYSIS; RECOGNITION; ATTRIBUTION; PERCEPTION; LANGUAGE; AUTISM AB Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) often display social cognition disorders, including Theory of Mind (ToM) impairments and communication disruptions. Thought language disorders appear to be primarily a disruption of pragmatics, SZ can also experience difficulties at other linguistic levels including the prosodic one. Here, using an interactive paradigm, we showed that SZ individuals did not use prosodic phrasing to encode the contrastive status of discourse referents in French. We used a semi-spontaneous task to elicit noun-adjective pairs in which the noun in the second noun-adjective fragment was identical to the noun in the first fragment (e.g., BONBONS marron "brown candies" vs. BONBONS violets "purple candies") or could contrast with it (e.g., BOUGIES violettes "purple candles" vs. BONBONS violets "purple candies"). We found that healthy controls parsed the target noun in the second noun-adjective fragment separately from the color adjective, to warn their interlocutor that this noun constituted a contrastive entity (e.g., BOUGIES violettes followed by [BONBONS] [violets]) compared to when it referred to the same object as in the first fragment (e.g., BONBONS marron followed by [BONBONS violets]). On the contrary, SZ individuals did not use prosodic phrasing to encode contrastive status of target nouns. In addition, SZ's difficulties to use prosody of contrast were correlated to their score in a classical ToM task (i.e., the hinting task). 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PD JUL 18 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 755 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00755 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AL4QY UT WOS:000339118800001 PM 25101025 ER PT J AU Bernier, R Golzio, C Xiong, B Stessman, HA Coe, BP Penn, O Witherspoon, K Gerdts, J Baker, C Vulto-van Silfhout, AT Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, JH Fichera, M Bosco, P Buono, S Alberti, A Failla, P Peeters, H Steyaert, J Vissers, LELM Francescatto, L Mefford, HC Rosenfeld, JA Bakken, T O'Roak, BJ Pawlus, M Moon, R Shendure, J Amaral, DG Lein, E Rankin, J Romano, C de Vries, BBA Katsanis, N Eichler, EE AF Bernier, Raphael Golzio, Christelle Xiong, Bo Stessman, Holly A. Coe, Bradley P. Penn, Osnat Witherspoon, Kali Gerdts, Jennifer Baker, Carl Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T. Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, Janneke H. Fichera, Marco Bosco, Paolo Buono, Serafino Alberti, Antonino Failla, Pinella Peeters, Hilde Steyaert, Jean Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M. Francescatto, Ludmila Mefford, Heather C. Rosenfeld, Jill A. Bakken, Trygve O'Roak, Brian J. Pawlus, Matthew Moon, Randall Shendure, Jay Amaral, David G. Lein, Ed Rankin, Julia Romano, Corrado de Vries, Bert B. A. Katsanis, Nicholas Eichler, Evan E. TI Disruptive CHD8 Mutations Define a Subtype of Autism Early in Development SO CELL LA English DT Article ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHARGE-SYNDROME; HEART-DISEASE; GENE; ZEBRAFISH; ABNORMALITIES; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disease in which efforts to define subtypes behaviorally have met with limited success. Hypothesizing that genetically based subtype identification may prove more productive, we resequenced the ASD-associated gene CHD8 in 3,730 children with developmental delay or ASD. We identified a total of 15 independent mutations; no truncating events were identified in 8,792 controls, including 2,289 unaffected siblings. In addition to a high likelihood of an ASD diagnosis among patients bearing CHD8 mutations, characteristics enriched in this group included macrocephaly, distinct faces, and gastrointestinal complaints. chd8 disruption in zebrafish recapitulates features of the human phenotype, including increased head size as a result of expansion of the forebrain/midbrain and impairment of gastrointestinal motility due to a reduction in postmitotic enteric neurons. Our findings indicate that CHD8 disruptions define a distinct ASD subtype and reveal unexpected comorbidities between brain development and enteric innervation. C1 [Bernier, Raphael; Gerdts, Jennifer] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Golzio, Christelle; Francescatto, Ludmila; Katsanis, Nicholas] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Dis Modeling, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Xiong, Bo; Coe, Bradley P.; Penn, Osnat; Witherspoon, Kali; Baker, Carl; Shendure, Jay; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T.; Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, Janneke H.; de Vries, Bert B. A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Fichera, Marco; Bosco, Paolo; Buono, Serafino; Alberti, Antonino; Failla, Pinella; Romano, Corrado] IRCCS Associaz Oasi Maria Santissima, I-94018 Troina, Italy. [Fichera, Marco] Univ Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Peeters, Hilde] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Peeters, Hilde; Steyaert, Jean] Leuven Autism Res LAuRes, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Acad Hosp Maastricht, Dept Clin Genet, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Res Inst Growth & Dev GROW, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Mefford, Heather C.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rosenfeld, Jill A.] PerkinElmer Inc, Signature Genom Labs, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. [Bakken, Trygve] Allen Inst Brain Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [O'Roak, Brian J.] OHSU, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Pawlus, Matthew; Moon, Randall] Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Autism Phenome Project, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Rankin, Julia] Peninsula Clin Genet Serv, Exeter EX1 2ED, Devon, England. [Eichler, Evan E.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eichler, EE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM eee@gs.washington.edu RI Romano, Corrado/B-9695-2008; Xiong, Bo/M-3605-2014; Vissers, Lisenka/A-2598-2015 OI Romano, Corrado/0000-0003-1049-0683; FU Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) [303241]; NIH/NIMH [R01MH101221]; SFARI [239983]; NIH [P50MH094268]; NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from BBRF; European Commission; GENCODYS [241995]; Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZON-MW) [917-86-319, 912-12-109] FX This work was supported by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) 303241 and NIH/NIMH R01MH101221 to E.E.E.; by SFARI 239983 and NIH P50MH094268 to N.K.; by a NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from BBRF to C.G.; and by the European Commission: GENCODYS grant 241995 under FP7 and the Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZON-MW grants 917-86-319 and 912-12-109) to B.B.A.d.V. E.E.E. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and is on the scientific advisory board for DNAnexus, Inc. N.K. is a Distinguished Brumley Professor. We thank all of the families at the participating Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) sites, as well as the principal investigators (A. Beaudet, R. Bernier, J. Constantino, E. Cook, E. Fombonne, D. Geschwind, E. Hanson, D. Grice, A. Klin, R. Kochel, D. Ledbetter, C. Lord, C. Martin, D. Martin, R. Maxim, J. Miles, O. Ousley, K. Pelphrey, B. Peterson, J. Piggot, C. Saulnier, M. State, W. Stone, J. Sutcliffe, C. Walsh, Z. Warren, and E. Wijsman). We are grateful to D. Raible and H. S. Zimmermann for providing zebrafish resources and for helpful discussions, to T. Brown for help with manuscript preparation, and to J. Huddleston and M. Malig for sequencing support. 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Microarray studies and, more recently, exome sequencing have demonstrated the importance of de novo copy number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in ID, but the majority of cases remain undiagnosed(3-6). Here we applied whole-genome sequencing to 50 patients with severe ID and their unaffected parents. All patients included had not received a molecular diagnosis after extensive genetic prescreening, including microarray-based CNV studies and exome sequencing. Notwithstanding this prescreening, 84 de novo SNVs affecting the coding region were identified, which showed a statistically significant enrichment of loss-of-function mutations as well as an enrichment for genes previously implicated in ID-related disorders. In addition, we identified eight de novo CNVs, including single-exon and intra-exonic deletions, as well as interchromosomal duplications. These CNVs affected known ID genes more frequently than expected. On the basis of diagnostic interpretation of all de novo variants, a conclusive genetic diagnosis was reached in 20 patients. Together with one compound heterozygous CNV causing disease in a recessive mode, this results in a diagnostic yield of 42% in this extensively studied cohort, and 62% as a cumulative estimate in an unselected cohort. These results suggest that de novo SNVs and CNVs affecting the coding region are a major cause of severe ID. Genome sequencing can be applied as a single genetic test to reliably identify and characterize the comprehensive spectrum of genetic variation, providing a genetic diagnosis in the majority of patients with severe ID. C1 [Gilissen, Christian; Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y.; Thung, Djie Tjwan; van de Vorst, Maartje; van Bon, Bregje W. M.; Willemsen, Marjolein H.; Kwint, Michael; Janssen, Irene M.; Hoischen, Alexander; Schenck, Annette; Bo, Tan; Pfundt, Rolph; Yntema, Helger G.; de Vries, Bert B. A.; Kleefstra, Tjitske; Brunner, Han G.; Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M.; Veltman, Joris A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Radboud Inst Mol Life Sci, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Gilissen, Christian; Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y.; Thung, Djie Tjwan; van de Vorst, Maartje; van Bon, Bregje W. M.; Willemsen, Marjolein H.; Kwint, Michael; Janssen, Irene M.; Hoischen, Alexander; Schenck, Annette; Bo, Tan; Pfundt, Rolph; Yntema, Helger G.; de Vries, Bert B. A.; Kleefstra, Tjitske; Brunner, Han G.; Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M.; Veltman, Joris A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Ctr Neurosci, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Leach, Richard; Klein, Robert; Tearle, Rick] Complete Genom Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bo, Tan] Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Med Genet, Changsha 410078, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Gilissen, Christian; Brunner, Han G.; Veltman, Joris A.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, NL-6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Veltman, JA (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Radboud Inst Mol Life Sci, Dept Human Genet, Geert Grootepl 10, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM joris.veltman@radboudumc.nl RI Kleefstra, Tjitske/G-2619-2012; Brunner, Han/C-9928-2013; Vissers, Lisenka/A-2598-2015; Veltman, Joris/F-5128-2010 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [912-12-109, 916-14-043, 916-12-095, 907-00-365, SH-271-13]; European Research Council (ERC) [DENOVO 281964] FX We thank R. Drmanac, K. Albers, J. Goeman, D. Lugtenberg and P. N. Robinson for useful discussions, and M. Steehouwer, P. de Vries and W. Nillesen for technical support. This work was in part financially supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (912-12-109 to J. A. V., A. S. and B.B.A.d.V., 916-14-043 to C. G., 916-12-095 to A. H., 907-00-365 to T. K. and SH-271-13 to C. G. and J. A. V.) and the European Research Council (ERC Starting grant DENOVO 281964 to J.A.V.). 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Ecological validity; Executive functions; Multitask tests; Neuropsychological assessment; Predictive validity ID ACQUIRED BRAIN-INJURY; FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; SELF-REGULATION; SAMPLE; REHABILITATION; INTEGRATION; DISORDER; DEFICITS; AUTISM; TESTS AB Evaluation of executive functions is a major issue of neuropsychological assessment, due to the role displayed by these on a cognitive, behavioural and emotional level, and the implication of these functions in daily life functioning. In order to perform a reliable assessment, the strategy traditionally followed for the evaluation of executive functions has been their atomization in different cognitive subprocesses, which is useful in a clinical or a research context. However, in clinical practice it is frequently artificial to disintegrate a global and complex cognitive process, such as executive functions, in a variety of related components; thus, tests designed according to these theoretical processes have low value in clinical procedures (diagnosis, rehabilitation design) due to their poor correspondence with the subject's or patient's clinical reality. The aims of the present work are to revise the concept of ecological validity applied to the evaluation of executive functions, and to perform a critical review of executive functions assessment by means of multitask paradigms as a way to increase the ecological validity and predictive value of the subject's functional performance. After a historical journey around the (low) ecological validity of single-task tests, and the bet in favour of a multitask paradigm for the evaluation of executive functions, up-to-date existing multitask tests are presented meticulously (with their respective advantages and disadvantages). Finally, concrete recommendations about how to develop multitask tests in the future are presented, attending to concrete parameters related to the context, tasks, objectives, rules and scoring. C1 [Bombin-Gonzalez, Igor; Cifuentes-Rodriguez, Alicia] Fdn Reintegra, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. [Luna-Lario, Pilar; Tirapu-Ustarroz, Javier] Fdn Argibide, Navarra, Spain. [Cardas-Ibanez, Jaione] Univ Publ Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Climent-Martinez, Gema; Diaz-Orueta, Unai] Nesplora Technol & Behav, Donostia San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain. RP Diaz-Orueta, U (reprint author), Dept I D Nesplora SL, 54,Planta 0,Of 13, E-20009 San Sebastian, Spain. 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Neurologia PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 59 IS 2 BP 77 EP 87 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM5JJ UT WOS:000339893300005 PM 25005319 ER PT J AU Allsop, SA Vander Weele, CM Wichmann, R Tye, KM AF Allsop, Stephen A. Vander Weele, Caitlin M. Wichmann, Romy Tye, Kay M. TI Optogenetic insights on the relationship between anxiety-related behaviors and social deficits SO FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE social deficits; optogenetics; basolateral maygdala; ventral hippocampus; mouse models of affective disorders; social interaction; autism ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MONKEYS MACACA-MULATTA; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; PARTNER-PREFERENCE FORMATION; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS DOPAMINE; MALE PRAIRIE VOLES; ANIMAL-MODELS; VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; CONDITIONED FEAR AB Many psychiatric illnesses are characterized by deficits in the social domain. For example, there is a high rate of co-morbidity between autism spectrum disorders and anxiety disorders. However, the common neural circuit mechanisms by which social deficits and other psychiatric disease states, such as anxiety, are co-expressed remains unclear. Here, we review optogenetic investigations of neural circuits in animal models of anxiety-related behaviors and social behaviors and discuss the important role of the amygdala in mediating aspects of these behaviors. In particular, we focus on recent evidence that projections from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) modulate anxiety-related behaviors and also alter social interaction. Understanding how this circuit influences both social behavior and anxiety may provide a mechanistic explanation for the pathogenesis of social anxiety disorder, as well as the prevalence of patients co-diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, elucidating how circuits that modulate social behavior also mediate other complex emotional states will lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which social deficits are expressed in psychiatric disease. C1 [Allsop, Stephen A.; Vander Weele, Caitlin M.; Wichmann, Romy; Tye, Kay M.] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Allsop, Stephen A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Tye, KM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Bldg Room 46-6263, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kaytye@mit.edu FU BCS department; Picower Institute; PIIF Funds from the JPB Foundation; Whitehall Foundation; Klingenstein Foundation; Whitehead Career Development Professorship; NARSAD; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NIH [DP2-DK-102256-01]; NIMH [R01-MH102441-01]; Henry E Singleton Fund; NIGMS [T32(GM007484)]; NWO Rubicon Program; Simons Center for the Social Brain FX We thank Ada C. Felix-Ortiz for thoughtful comments on this manuscript as well as for the use of illustrations. We thank the BCS department and the Picower Institute for support, as well as funding to Kay M. Tye from the PIIF Funds from the JPB Foundation, Whitehall Foundation, Klingenstein Foundation, Whitehead Career Development Professorship, NARSAD Young Investigator Award, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, NIH New Innovator Award (DP2-DK-102256-01), and NIMH (R01-MH102441-01). We would also like to thank the BCS department for funding support through the Jeffrey ('76) And Nancy Halis Fellowship and the Henry E Singleton (1940) Fund (Stephen A. Allsop) in addition to the NIGMS T32(GM007484) (Caitlin M. Vander Weele). Lastly, we would also like to thank the NWO Rubicon Program and Simons Center for the Social Brain for funding support (Romy Wichmann). 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Behav. Neurosci. PD JUL 16 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 241 DI 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00241 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL3JL UT WOS:000339023300001 PM 25076878 ER PT J AU Plon, M AF Plon, Michel TI GENESIS OF AUTISM SO QUINZAINE LITTERAIRE LA French DT Book Review CR THOMAS MC, GENESES AUTISME NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU QUINZAINE LITTERAIRE PI PARIS PA 135 RUE SAINT-MARTIN, 75194 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0048-6493 J9 QUINZAINE LITTERAIRE JI Quinz. Litt. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 IS 1108 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Literature SC Literature GA CB2ZU UT WOS:000349498000031 ER PT J AU Gebauer, L Skewes, J Westphael, G Heaton, P Vuust, P AF Gebauer, Line Skewes, Joshua Westphael, Gitte Heaton, Pamela Vuust, Peter TI Intact brain processing of musical emotions in autism spectrum disorder, but more cognitive load and arousal in happy vs. sad music SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; music; emotion; fMRI ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES; CHILDREN; FACE; ALEXITHYMIA; RECOGNITION; EXPERIENCE AB Music is a potent source for eliciting emotions, but not everybody experience emotions in the same way. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties with social and emotional cognition. Impairments in emotion recognition are widely studied in ASD, and have been associated with atypical brain activation in response to emotional expressions in faces and speech. Whether these impairments and atypical brain responses generalize to other domains, such as emotional processing of music, is less clear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural correlates of emotion recognition in music in high-functioning adults with ASD and neurotypical adults. Both groups engaged similar neural networks during processing of emotional music, and individuals with ASD rated emotional music comparable to the group of neurotypical individuals. However, in the ASD group, increased activity in response to happy compared to sad music was observed in dorsolateral prefrontal regions and in the rolandic operculum/insula, and we propose that this reflects increased cognitive processing and physiological arousal in response to emotional musical stimuli in this group. C1 [Gebauer, Line; Skewes, Joshua; Westphael, Gitte; Vuust, Peter] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, Dept Clin Med, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Gebauer, Line] Aarhus Univ, Interacting Minds Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Heaton, Pamela] Goldsmiths Univ London, Dept Psychol, London, England. [Vuust, Peter] Royal Acad Mus, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Gebauer, L (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, Dept Clin Med, Noerrebrogade 44,Build 10G,5th Floor, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM gebauer@pet.auh.dk FU Lundbeck Foundation [R32-A2846] FX This work was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation (R32-A2846 to Line Gebauer). 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TI The neural correlates of visuo-spatial working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder: effects of cognitive load SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Working memory; Autism spectrum disorder; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Executive function; Cognitive load; Frontal lobe; Parietal lobe ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DORSAL VISUAL PATHWAY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; LEARNING-DIFFICULTIES; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; GREY-MATTER; BRAIN; DEFICITS; FMRI AB Background: Research on the neural bases of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has shown that working memory (WM) difficulties are associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. However, cognitive load impacts these findings, and no studies have examined the relation between WM load and neural underpinnings in children with ASD. Thus, the current study determined the effects of cognitive load on WM, using a visuo-spatial WM capacity task in children with and without ASD with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: We used fMRI and a 1-back colour matching task (CMT) task with four levels of difficulty to compare the cortical activation patterns associated with WM in children (7-13 years old) with high functioning autism (N = 19) and matched controls (N = 17) across cognitive load. Results: Performance on CMT was comparable between groups, with the exception of one difficulty level. Using linear trend analyses, the control group showed increasing activation as a function of difficulty level in frontal and parietal lobes, particularly between the highest difficulty levels, and decreasing activation as a function of difficulty level in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri. In contrast, children with ASD showed increasing activation only in posterior brain regions and decreasing activation in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri, as a function of difficulty level. Significant differences were found in the precuneus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial premotor cortex, where control children showed greater positive linear relations between cortical activity and task difficulty level, particularly at the highest difficulty levels, but children with ASD did not show these trends. Conclusions: Children with ASD showed differences in activation in the frontal and parietal lobes-both critical substrates for visuo-spatial WM. Our data suggest that children with ASD rely mainly on posterior brain regions associated with visual and lower level processing, whereas controls showed activity in frontal lobes related to the classic WM network. Findings will help guide future work by localizing areas of vulnerability to developmental disturbances. C1 [Vogan, Vanessa M.; Morgan, Benjamin R.; Lee, Wayne; Powell, Tamara L.; Smith, Mary Lou; Taylor, Margot J.] Hosp Sick Children, Diagnost Imaging & Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Vogan, Vanessa M.; Taylor, Margot J.] Univ Toronto, Ontario Inst Studies Educ, Dept Appl Psychol & Human Dev, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada. [Smith, Mary Lou; Taylor, Margot J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada. RP Vogan, VM (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Diagnost Imaging & Res Inst, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM vanessa.vogan@sickkids.ca FU Crescent School in Toronto; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-106582] FX The authors would like to thank all of the families and children for their support and participation. We would also like to thank Rina Goukon for her assistance with participant recruitment and data collection. Many thanks to Rachel Leung and Becky Baatjes for administering the ADOS-R and ADOS-2 and Dr. Jessica Brian for reviewing all assessments. Sincere thanks to our MRI technicians, Ruth Weiss and Tammy Rayner, for all their support in data acquisition. The authors would also like to thank Marie Arsalidou for developing the CMT task and allowing us to use it. Lastly, thanks to Crescent School in Toronto for their support and participation in this project. This research was funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-106582) and preliminary analyses of these data were presented as a poster at the International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR) 2013. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 6 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1866-1955-6-19 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL6ZU UT WOS:000339283400001 PM 25057329 ER PT J AU Alessi, DR Zhang, JW Khanna, A Hochdorfer, T Shang, YZ Kahle, KT AF Alessi, Dario R. Zhang, Jinwei Khanna, Arjun Hochdoerfer, Thomas Shang, Yuze Kahle, Kristopher T. TI The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 pathway: Master regulator of cation-chloride cotransporters SO SCIENCE SIGNALING LA English DT Review ID K-CL COTRANSPORT; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; FAMILIAL HYPERKALEMIC HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM TYPE-II; BLOOD-PRESSURE REGULATION; DISEASE-CAUSING MUTATIONS; KELCH-LIKE 3; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; PROTEIN-KINASES AB The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 kinase complex is composed of the kinases WNK (with no lysine) and SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) or the SPAK homolog OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1). The WNK family senses changes in intracellular Cl-concentration, extracellular osmolarity, and cell volume and transduces this information to sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) cotransporters [collectively referred to as CCCs (cation-chloride cotransporters)] and ion channels to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis and affect cellular morphology and behavior. Several genes encoding proteins in this pathway are mutated in human disease, and the cotransporters are targets of commonly used drugs. WNKs stimulate the kinases SPAK and OSR1, which directly phosphorylate and stimulate Cl--importing, Na+-driven CCCs or inhibit the Cl--extruding, K+-driven CCCs. These coordinated and reciprocal actions on the CCCs are triggered by an interaction between RFXV/I motifs within the WNKs and CCCs and a conserved carboxyl-terminal docking domain in SPAK and OSR1. This interaction site represents a potentially druggable node that could be more effective than targeting the cotransporters directly. In the kidney, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition decreases epithelial NaCl reabsorption and K+ secretion to lower blood pressure while maintaining serum K+. In neurons, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition could facilitate Cl-extrusion and promote gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition. Such drugs could have efficacy as K+-sparing blood pressure-lowering agents in essential hypertension, nonaddictive analgesics in neuropathic pain, and promoters of GABAergic inhibition in diseases associated with neuronal hyperactivity, such as epilepsy, spasticity, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and autism. C1 [Alessi, Dario R.; Zhang, Jinwei; Hochdoerfer, Thomas] Univ Dundee, Coll Life Sci, MRC Prot Phosphorylat & Ubiquitylat Unit, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. [Khanna, Arjun; Kahle, Kristopher T.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Khanna, Arjun; Kahle, Kristopher T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Shang, Yuze; Kahle, Kristopher T.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kahle, KT (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kkahle@enders.tch.harvard.edu FU Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust [091415]; Manton Center for Orphan Diseases at Boston Children's Hospital at Harvard Medical School; Harvard/MIT Joint Research Grants Program in Basic Neuroscience FX D.R.A. research in this area is supported by the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust (grant number 091415) and the pharmaceutical companies supporting the Division of Signal Transduction Therapy Unit (AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck KGaA, Janssen Pharmaceutica, and Pfizer). K.T.K. is supported by the Manton Center for Orphan Diseases at Boston Children's Hospital at Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard/MIT Joint Research Grants Program in Basic Neuroscience. 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Signal. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 7 IS 334 AR re3 DI 10.1126/scisignal.2005365 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AL5JG UT WOS:000339169200003 PM 25028718 ER PT J AU Mostafa, GA El-Sherif, DF Ai-Ayadhi, LY AF Mostafa, Gehan A. El-Sherif, Dalia F. Ai-Ayadhi, Laila Y. TI Systemic auto-antibodies in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anti-ds-DNA antibodies; ANA, autism; Autoimmunity; Family history of autoimmunity ID ELEVATED SERUM-LEVELS; LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; INCREASED FREQUENCY; FAMILY-HISTORY; ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS; PROTEIN; BRAIN AB Autoimmunity to central nervous system may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism. A subset of anti-ds-DNA antibodies has been recently proved to be pathogenic to the brain as well as to the kidney. Due to the paucity of studies investigating the frequency of systemic auto-antibodies in autism, we are the first to investigate the frequency of anti-ds-DNA antibodies in a group of autistic children. The seropositivity of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) was also investigated. Serum anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA were measured in 100 autistic children, aged between 4 and 11 years, in comparison to 100 healthy-matched children. The seropositivity of anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA in autistic children was 34% and 25%, respectively. In addition, 42% of autistic children were seropositive for anti-ds-DNA antibodies and/or ANA. The frequencies of anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA in autistic children were significantly higher than that in healthy children (4% and 2%, respectively), (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Autistic children with a family history of autoimmunity (45%) had significantly higher frequency of serum anti-ds-DNA antibodies (48.9%) than patients without such a history (21.8%), P = 0.008. There was a significant positive association between the seropositivity of anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA (P < 0.001). In conclusion, anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA were found in the sera of a subgroup of autistic children. However, replication studies of larger samples are warranted to validate whether these antibodies are a mere association or have a pathogenic role in some autistic children. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mostafa, Gehan A.; El-Sherif, Dalia F.] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Cairo, Egypt. [Mostafa, Gehan A.; Ai-Ayadhi, Laila Y.] King Saud Univ, Fac Med, Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Dept Physiol,Al Amodi Autism Res Chair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Mostafa, GA (reprint author), 9 Ahmed El Samman St Makram Ebaid, Cairo 11511, Egypt. EM gehan.mostafa2000@yahoo.com FU King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; NPST, Health Research and Studies Program at Kind Saud University FX This work was financially supported by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was also supported by NPST, Health Research and Studies Program at Kind Saud University. 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Sahin, Mustafa TI Neuronal Tsc1/2 complex controls autophagy through AMPK-dependent regulation of ULK1 SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; SERINE/THREONINE KINASE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; ENHANCE AUTOPHAGY; PHOSPHORYLATION; DYSFUNCTION; CELLS AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a disorder arising from mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, characterized by the development of hamartomas in various organs and neurological manifestations including epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism. TSC1/2 protein complex negatively regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) a master regulator of protein synthesis, cell growth and autophagy. Autophagy is a cellular quality-control process that sequesters cytosolic material in double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and degrades it in autolysosomes. Previous studies in dividing cells have shown that mTORC1 blocks autophagy through inhibition of Unc-51-like-kinase1/2 (ULK1/2). Despite the fact that autophagy plays critical roles in neuronal homeostasis, little is known on the regulation of autophagy in neurons. Here we show that unlike in non-neuronal cells, Tsc2-deficient neurons have increased autolysosome accumulation and autophagic flux despite mTORC1-dependent inhibition of ULK1. Our data demonstrate that loss of Tsc2 results in autophagic activity via AMPK-dependent activation of ULK1. Thus, in Tsc2-knockdown neurons AMPK activation is the dominant regulator of autophagy. Notably, increased AMPK activity and autophagy activation are also found in the brains of Tsc1-conditional mouse models and in cortical tubers resected from TSC patients. Together, our findings indicate that neuronal Tsc1/2 complex activity is required for the coordinated regulation of autophagy by AMPK. By uncovering the autophagy dysfunction associated with Tsc2 loss in neurons, our work sheds light on a previously uncharacterized cellular mechanism that contributes to altered neuronal homeostasis in TSC disease. C1 [Di Nardo, Alessia; Wertz, Mary H.; Kwiatkowski, Erica; Tsai, Peter T.; Leech, Jarrett D.; Greene-Colozzi, Emily; Sahin, Mustafa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, FM Kirby Neurobiol Ctr,Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Goto, June; Kwiatkowski, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Translat Med,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Dilsiz, Pelin; Talos, Delia M.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Clish, Clary B.] Broad Inst Massachusetts Inst Technol & Harvard U, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Sahin, M (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, 300 Longwood Ave,CLSB 13074, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu FU Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; Autism Speaks; Boston Children's Hospital Translational Research Program; National Institute of Health [P01 NS024279, K08 NS083733]; Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance; FACES [Finding a Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA [HHSN275200900011C, N01-HD-9-0011] FX This work was supported by Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation, Autism Speaks and Boston Children's Hospital Translational Research Program (to M. S.), National Institute of Health [P01 NS024279 (to D.J.K.) and K08 NS083733 (to P. T. T.)], the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance (to A.D.N.), FACES [Finding a Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures (to D. M. T.)]. Control human tissue was obtained from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA, contract HHSN275200900011C, Ref. No. N01-HD-9-0011. 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We report on a detailed set of over 1200 hand actions made by four typically developing boys and four boys with autism. Participants were assessed for unimanual hand actions to both objects and the self (self-directed behaviors). Individual and group analyses suggest that typically developing children have a right hand dominance for hand actions to objects and a left hand dominance for hand actions for self-directed behaviors, revealing a possible dissociation for functional specialization of the left and right hemispheres respectively. Children with autism demonstrated mixed-handedness for both target conditions, consistent with the hypothesis that there is reduced cerebral specialization in these children. The findings are consistent with the view that observed lateralized motor action can serve as an indirect behavioral marker for evidence of cerebral lateralization. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Forrester, Gillian S.; Pegler, Ruth] Univ Westminster, Dept Psychol, London W1B 2HW, England. [Thomas, Michael S. C.; Mareschal, Denis] Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Psychol Sci, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Forrester, GS (reprint author), Univ Westminster, Dept Psychol, 309 Regent St, London W1B 2HW, England. EM g.forrester@westminster.ac.uk FU European (ANALOGY) [FP6-NEST-029088]; European (ACT) [FP7-MC-ITN-289404]; ESRC [RES-062-23-2721]; University of Westminster's Psychology Publication Stimulus Scheme FX We are grateful to the parents, teachers and children of Livingstone Primary School for their participation and to Dr. Kristelle Hudry for conducting diagnostic testing. We gratefully acknowledge funding support provided in part by European Grants: FP6-NEST-029088(ANALOGY), FP7-MC-ITN-289404(ACT), ESRC grant RES-062-23-2721 and the University of Westminster's Psychology Publication Stimulus Scheme. 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A genetically modified line of mice over-expressing a BDNF transgene in forebrain neurons was used to investigate if this mutation leads to changes in behavior consistent with ASD. The mice used in these experiments were behaviorally tested past 5 months of age when spontaneous seizures were evident. These seizures were not observed in age-matched wildtype (WT) mice or younger mice from this transgenic line. The BDNF mice in these experiments weighed less than their WT littermates. The BDNF transgenic (BDNF-tg) mice demonstrated similar levels of sociability in the social approach test. Conversely, the BDNF-tg mice demonstrated less obsessive compulsive-like behavior in the marble burying test, less anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test, and less depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Changes in behavior were found in these older mice that have not been observed in younger mice from this transgenic line, which may be due to the development of seizures as the mice age. These mice do not have an ASD phenotype but may be useful to study adult onset epilepsy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weidner, Kate L.; Buenaventura, Diego F.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Weidner, Kate L.; Buenaventura, Diego F.; Chadman, Kathryn K.] New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Chadman, KK (reprint author), New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Dev Neurobiol, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM klw7fu@virginia.edu; kathryn.chadman@opwdd.ny.gov FU New York State Office for People with Developmental Disabilities; Center for Developmental Neuroscience at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York FX This work was supported by the New York State Office for People with Developmental Disabilities and was done in conjunction with the Center for Developmental Neuroscience at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York. We thank Dr. G.Y. Wen for PCR equipment and Dr. J.N. Crawley for the gift of the original BDNF-tg breeding pairs. We also thank Drs. G.Y. Wen and S.R. Guariglia, for critical reading of the manuscript. 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Mallar TI Derivation of high-resolution MRI atlases of the human cerebellum at 3 T and segmentation using multiple automatically generated templates SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE MRI; High resolution; Atlas; Cerebellum; Lobule; Automatic ID INTRINSIC FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE SYNDROME; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; WARPING TECHNIQUES; BRAIN; REGISTRATION; AUTISM; VERMIS AB The cerebellum has classically been linked to motor learning and coordination. However, there is renewed interest in the role of the cerebellum in non-motor functions such as cognition and in the context of different neuropsychiatric disorders. The contribution of neuroimaging studies to advancing understanding of cerebellar structure and function has been limited, partly due to the cerebellum being understudied as a result of contrast and resolution limitations of standard structural magnetic resonance images (MRI). These limitations inhibit proper visualization of the highly compact and detailed cerebellar foliations. In addition, there is a lack of robust algorithms that automatically and reliably identify the cerebellum and its subregions, further complicating the design of large-scale studies of the cerebellum. As such, automated segmentation of the cerebellar lobules would allow detailed population studies of the cerebellum and its subregions. In this manuscript, we describe a novel set of high-resolution in vivo atlases of the cerebellum developed by pairing MR imaging with a carefully validated manual segmentation protocol. Using these cerebellar atlases as inputs, we validate a novel automated segmentation algorithm that takes advantage of the neuroanatomical variability that exists in a given population under study in order to automatically identify the cerebellum, and its lobules. Our automatic segmentation results demonstrate good accuracy in the identification of all lobules (mean Kappa [kappa] = 0.731; range 0.40-0.89), and the entire cerebellum (means kappa = 0.925; range 0.90-0.94) when compared to "gold-standard" manual segmentations. These results compare favorably in comparison to other publically available methods for automatic segmentation of the cerebellum. The completed cerebellar atlases are available freely online (http://imaging-genetics.camh.ca/cerebellum) and can be customized to the unique neuroanatomy of different subjects using the proposed segmentation pipeline (https://github.com/pipitone/MAGeTbrain). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Min Tae M.; Pipitone, Jon; Winterburn, Julie L.; Shah, Yashvi; Voineskos, Aristotle N.; Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Res Imaging Ctr, Kimel Family Translat Imaging Genet Res Lab, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. [Baer, Lawrence H.] Concordia Univ, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Chavez, Sofia; Lobaugh, Nancy J.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Res Imaging Ctr, MRI Unit, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. [Chavez, Sofia; Voineskos, Aristotle N.; Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Schira, Mark M.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Psychol, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Schira, Mark M.] Neurosci Res Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Lobaugh, Nancy J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lerch, Jason P.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Lerch, Jason P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Park, MTM (reprint author), Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Res Imaging Ctr, Kimel Family Translat Imaging Genet Res Lab, 250 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. EM mtpark89@gmail.com; mallar.chakravarty@camh.ca FU CAMH Foundation; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ontario Mental Health Foundation; NARSAD; National Institute of Mental Health [R01MH099167]; Canada Foundation for Innovation under the Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto FX We wish to thank Anusha Ravichandran for help with image acquisition, and we acknowledge support from the CAMH Foundation, thanks to Michael and Sonja Koerner, the Kimel Family, and the Paul E. Garfinkel New Investigator Catalyst Award. MMC is funded by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation and ANV is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Mental Health Foundation, NARSAD, and the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH099167). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by: the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. 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TI Rigidity, chaos and integration: hemispheric interaction and individual differences in metaphor comprehension SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metaphors; creative language; cerebral hemispheres; network science; chaos; rigidity; integration ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; SEMANTIC NETWORKS; CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; BRAIN; LANGUAGE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CREATIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Neurotypical individuals cope flexibly with the full range of semantic relations expressed in human language, including metaphoric relations. This impressive semantic ability may be associated with distinct and flexible patterns of hemispheric interaction, including higher right hemisphere (RH) involvement for processing novel metaphors. However this ability may be impaired in specific clinical conditions, such as Asperger syndrome (AS) and schizophrenia. The impaired semantic processing is accompanied by different patterns of hemispheric interaction during semantic processing, showing either reduced (in Asperger syndrome) or excessive (in schizophrenia) RH involvement. This paper interprets these individual differences using the terms Rigidity Chaos and Integration, which describe patterns of semantic memory network states that either lead to semantic well-being or are disruptive of it. We argue that these semantic network states lie on a rigidity-chaos semantic continuum. We define these terms via network science terminology and provide network, cognitive and neural evidence to support our claim. This continuum includes left hemisphere (LH) hyper rigid semantic memory state on one end (e g., in persons with AS), and RH chaotic and over-flexible semantic memory state on the other end (e.g., in persons with schizophrenia). In between these two extremes lie different states of semantic memory structure which are related to individual differences in semantic creativity. We suggest that efficient semantic processing is achieved by semantic integration, a balance between semantic rigidity and semantic chaos. Such integration is achieved via intra-hemispheric communication. However, impairments to this well-balanced and integrated pattern of hemispheric interaction, e.g., when one hemisphere dominates the other, may lead to either semantic rigidity or semantic chaos, moving away from semantic integration and thus impairing the processing of metaphoric language. C1 [Faust, Miriam; Kenett, Yoed N.] Bar Ilan Univ, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinar, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Faust, Miriam] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Faust, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinar, Bldg 901, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM faustm@mail.biu.ac.il FU Israel Science Foundation (ISF) [724/09]; I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee FX We thank Dror Kenett for his helpful remarks on this manuscript. This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant (number 724/09) to Miriam Faust and partially supported by the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee. 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PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 186 DI 10.3389/fnins.2014.00186 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AW8GE UT WOS:000346498400001 PM 25071431 ER PT J AU Bacchelli, E Ceroni, F Pinto, D Lomartire, S Giannandrea, M D'Adamo, P Bonora, E Parchi, P Tancredi, R Battaglia, A Maestrini, E AF Bacchelli, Elena Ceroni, Fabiola Pinto, Dalila Lomartire, Silvia Giannandrea, Maila D'Adamo, Patrizia Bonora, Elena Parchi, Piero Tancredi, Raffaella Battaglia, Agatino Maestrini, Elena TI A CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion implicates a role for alpha T-catenin in susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); CTNNA3; alpha T-catenin; Alpha T-catenin; Cell adhesion; DNA copy number variants ID ONSET ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; REPEAT TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS; COMMON FRAGILE SITES; RARE DE-NOVO; CELL-ADHESION; GENES; EXPRESSION; VARIANTS AB Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable, neurodevelopmental condition showing extreme genetic heterogeneity. While it is well established that rare genetic variation, both de novo and inherited, plays an important role in ASD risk, recent studies also support a rare recessive contribution. Methods: We identified a compound heterozygous deletion intersecting the CTNNA3 gene, encoding alpha T-catenin, in a proband with ASD and moderate intellectual disability. The deletion breakpoints were mapped at base-pair resolution, and segregation analysis was performed. We compared the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions in 2,147 ASD cases from the Autism Genome Project (AGP) study versus the frequency in 6,639 controls. Western blot analysis was performed to get a quantitative characterisation of Ctnna3 expression during early brain development in mouse. Results: The CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion includes a coding exon, leading to a putative frameshift and premature stop codon. Segregation analysis in the family showed that the unaffected sister is heterozygote for the deletion, having only inherited the paternal deletion. While the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions is not significantly different between ASD cases and controls, no homozygous or compound heterozygous exonic deletions were found in a sample of over 6,000 controls. Expression analysis of Ctnna3 in the mouse cortex and hippocampus (P0-P90) provided support for its role in the early stage of brain development. Conclusion: The finding of a rare compound heterozygous CTNNA3 exonic deletion segregating with ASD, the absence of CTNNA3 homozygous exonic deletions in controls and the high expression of Ctnna3 in both brain areas analysed implicate CTNNA3 in ASD susceptibility. C1 [Bacchelli, Elena; Ceroni, Fabiola; Lomartire, Silvia; Maestrini, Elena] Univ Bologna, Dept Pharm & Biotechnol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Mindich Child Hlth & Dev Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Giannandrea, Maila; D'Adamo, Patrizia] Ist Sci San Raffaele, Div Neurosci, Dulbecco Telethon Inst, I-20132 Milan, Italy. [D'Adamo, Patrizia] Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, I-20132 Milan, Italy. [Bonora, Elena] Univ Bologna, S Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Unit Med Genet, I-40138 Bologna, Italy. [Parchi, Piero] IRCCS Inst Neurol Sci, I-40139 Bologna, Italy. [Parchi, Piero] Univ Bologna, Dept Biomed & Neuromotor Sci, I-40139 Bologna, Italy. [Tancredi, Raffaella; Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, I-56128 Pisa, Italy. RP Maestrini, E (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Pharm & Biotechnol, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM elena.maestrini@unibo.it FU University of Bologna (RFO) FX We gratefully acknowledge all the families who have participated in the study, the professionals who made this study possible and the international Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium for sharing pre-publication CTNNA3 CNV data and controls and for advice. We wish to thank Jolanda van Hengel for providing the anti-alpha T-catenin polyclonal antibody. Funding for this work comes from the University of Bologna (RFO). 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Given the accumulating data on the possible role of translation in the etiology of ASD, we analyzed potential effects of rare synonymous substitutions associated with ASD on mRNA stability, splicing enhancers and silencers, and codon usage. Presentation of the hypothesis: We hypothesize that subtle impairment of translation, resulting in dosage imbalance of neuron-specific proteins, contributes to the etiology of ASD synergistically with environmental neurotoxins. Testing the hypothesis: A statistically significant shift from optimal to suboptimal codons caused by rare synonymous substitutions associated with ASD was detected whereas no effect on other analyzed characteristics of transcripts was identified. This result suggests that the impact of rare codons on the translation of genes involved in neuron development, even if slight in magnitude, could contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD in the presence of an aggressive chemical background. This hypothesis could be tested by further analysis of ASD-associated mutations, direct biochemical characterization of their effects, and assessment of in vivo effects on animal models. C1 [Poliakov, Eugenia] NEI, Retinal Cell & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Koonin, Eugene V.; Rogozin, Igor B.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Koonin, EV (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; rogozin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the National Eye Institute; Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health (US Department Health and Human Services) FX This work was supported by the by the Intramural Research Program of the National Eye Institute and the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health (US Department Health and Human Services). 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Direct PD JUL 10 PY 2014 VL 9 AR 16 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-9-16 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AL3GX UT WOS:000339016000001 PM 25011470 ER PT J AU Agam, Y Vangel, M Roffman, JL Gallagher, PJ Chaponis, J Haddad, S Goff, DC Greenberg, JL Wilhelm, S Smoller, JW Manoach, DS AF Agam, Yigal Vangel, Mark Roffman, Joshua L. Gallagher, Patience J. Chaponis, Jonathan Haddad, Stephen Goff, Donald C. Greenberg, Jennifer L. Wilhelm, Sabine Smoller, Jordan W. Manoach, Dara S. TI Dissociable Genetic Contributions to Error Processing: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EVENT-RELATED FMRI; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE; DOPAMINE-D4 RECEPTOR GENE; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Background: Neuroimaging studies reliably identify two markers of error commission: the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential, and functional MRI activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). While theorized to reflect the same neural process, recent evidence suggests that the ERN arises from the posterior cingulate cortex not the dACC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these two error markers also have different genetic mediation. Methods: We measured both error markers in a sample of 92 comprised of healthy individuals and those with diagnoses of schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder. Participants performed the same task during functional MRI and simultaneously acquired magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. We examined the mediation of the error markers by two single nucleotide polymorphisms: dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) C-521T (rs1800955), which has been associated with the ERN and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133), which has been associated with error-related dACC activation. We then compared the effects of each polymorphism on the two error markers modeled as a bivariate response. Results: We replicated our previous report of a posterior cingulate source of the ERN in healthy participants in the schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder groups. The effect of genotype on error markers did not differ significantly by diagnostic group. DRD4 C-521T allele load had a significant linear effect on ERN amplitude, but not on dACC activation, and this difference was significant. MTHFR C677T allele load had a significant linear effect on dACC activation but not ERN amplitude, but the difference in effects on the two error markers was not significant. Conclusions: DRD4 C-521T, but not MTHFR C677T, had a significant differential effect on two canonical error markers. Together with the anatomical dissociation between the ERN and error-related dACC activation, these findings suggest that these error markers have different neural and genetic mediation. C1 [Agam, Yigal; Roffman, Joshua L.; Goff, Donald C.; Greenberg, Jennifer L.; Wilhelm, Sabine; Smoller, Jordan W.; Manoach, Dara S.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Agam, Yigal; Vangel, Mark; Manoach, Dara S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [Gallagher, Patience J.; Chaponis, Jonathan; Haddad, Stephen; Smoller, Jordan W.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Manoach, DS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dara@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu FU NIH [F32 MH088081, K24MH094614, R01 MH67720] FX This work was supported in part by NIH grants F32 MH088081 (YA); K24MH094614 (JWS); and R01 MH67720 (DSM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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developing human brain remains one of the few unsolved mysteries of science. Advancements in developmental biology, neuroscience, and medical imaging have brought us closer than ever to understand brain development in health and disease. However, the precise role of mechanics throughout this process remains underestimated and poorly understood. Here we show that mechanical stretch plays a crucial role in brain development. Using the nonlinear field theories of mechanics supplemented by the theory of finite growth, we model the human brain as a living system with a morphogenetically growing outer surface and a stretch-driven growing inner core. This approach seamlessly integrates the two popular but competing hypotheses for cortical folding: axonal tension and differential growth. We calibrate our model using magnetic resonance images from very preterm neonates. Our model predicts that deviations in cortical growth and thickness induce morphological abnormalities. Using the gyrification index, the ratio between the total and exposed surface area, we demonstrate that these abnormalities agree with the classical pathologies of lissencephaly and polymicrogyria. Understanding the mechanisms of cortical folding in the developing human brain has direct implications in the diagnostics and treatment of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. C1 [Budday, Silvia; Kuhl, Ellen] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Raybaud, Charles] Hosp Sick Children, Div Neuroradiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Kuhl, Ellen] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kuhl, E (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ekuhl@stanford.edu RI Kuhl, Ellen/G-4444-2011 OI Kuhl, Ellen/0000-0002-6283-935X FU National Science Foundation CAREER Award [CMMI 0952021]; National Science Foundation INSPIRE Grant [1233054]; National Institutes of Health [U54 GM072970] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation CAREER Award CMMI 0952021 and the INSPIRE Grant 1233054 and by the National Institutes of Health Grant U54 GM072970 to E.K. 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However, their loss leads to deficits that have been best characterized with regard to their effect on excitatory cells(1,2). Notably, other disease-associated genes such as BDNF and ERBB4 implicate specific interneuron synapses in psychiatric disorders(3,4). Consistent with this, cortical interneuron dysfunction has been linked to epilepsy, schizophrenia and autism(5,6). Using a microarray screen that focused upon synapse-associated molecules, we identified Cntnap4 (contactin associated protein-like 4, also known as Caspr4) as highly enriched in developing murine interneurons. In this study we show that Cntnap4 is localized presynaptically and its loss leads to a reduction in the output of cortical parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid producing) basket cells. Paradoxically, the loss of Cntnap4 augments midbrain dopaminergic release in the nucleus accumbens. In Cntnap4 mutant mice, synaptic defects in these disease-relevant neuronal populations are mirrored by sensory-motor gating and grooming endophenotypes; these symptoms could be pharmacologically reversed, providing promise for therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. C1 [Karayannis, T.; Au, E.; Kruglikov, I.; Restituito, S.; Roy, N. C.; Rudy, B.; Hoeffer, C.; Tsien, R. W.; Fishell, G.] NYU, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Neurosci Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Patel, J. C.; Rice, M. E.] NYU, Dept Neurosurg Neurosci & Physiol, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Markx, S.; Rodriguez-Murillo, L.; Karayiorgou, M.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Delorme, R.; Hakonarson, H.; Huguet, G.; Bourgeron, T.] Inst Pasteur, Human Genet & Cognit Funct Unit, F-75724 Paris, France. [Delorme, R.; Huguet, G.; Bourgeron, T.] Inst Pasteur, URA Genes Synapses & Cognit 2182, CNRS, F-75724 Paris, France. [Delorme, R.] Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, F-75019 Paris, France. [Heron, D.] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Unite Fonct Genet Med, Dept Genet & Cytogenet,Ctr Reference,CRicm,UMR S9, F-75013 Paris, France. [Salomon, D.; Gordon, A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Cell Biol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Glessner, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Roy, N. C.] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Sect Synapt Transmiss, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gogos, J. A.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Gogos, J. A.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cellular Biophys & Neurosci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Keren, B.] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Unite Fonct Genet Chromosom, Dept Genet & Cytogenet,CRicm,UMR S975, F-75013 Paris, France. [Huguet, G.; Bourgeron, T.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75005 Paris, France. [Bourgeron, T.] FondaMental Fdn, F-94000 Creteil, France. RP Fishell, G (reprint author), NYU, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Neurosci Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM gordon.fishell@med.nyu.edu RI Karayannis, Theofanis/O-5194-2014 FU NIH [R01 NS081297, R01 MH071679, R01 NS074972, P01 NS074972, R01 NS036362, R01 DA033811, NS30989, NS50220]; Simons Foundation [94534]; Attilio and Olympia Ricciardi Research Fund; Israel Science Foundation; Patterson Trust; Roche; New York State through its NYSTEM initiative [C024326]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; NYU COE Addiction Seed Grant; Institut Pasteur; INSERM; AP-HP; University Paris Diderot; Bettencourt-Schueller foundation; Orange foundation; FondaMental foundation; Conny-Maeva foundation; Cognacq-Jay foundation FX The authors are grateful to R. Froemke for critically reading the manuscript, to B. Benedetti, M. McKenzie Chang, L. Cobbs, B. A. Heller, T. Petros and N. Yumoto (all NYU) for help with experiments and analysis and to Charles Nicholson (NYU) for providing specialized software to analyse Vmax. Research in the Fishell laboratory is supported by the NIH (grants R01 NS081297, R01 MH071679, R01 NS074972, P01 NS074972 to B. R. and G. F.) and the Simons Foundation (94534). The Rice laboratory is supported by the NIH (grants R01 NS036362 and R01 DA033811) and the Attilio and Olympia Ricciardi Research Fund. The Rudy laboratory is supported by the NIH (NS30989). The Peles laboratory is supported by the NIH (grant NS50220) and the Israel Science Foundation. T. K. support was provided through postdoctoral fellowships from the Patterson Trust and Roche. E. A. support was provided by New York State through its NYSTEM initiative (C024326) and fellowship from Canadian Institutes of Health Research. J.C.P support was provided by NYU COE Addiction Seed Grant. This work was funded by the Institut Pasteur, INSERM, AP-HP, University Paris Diderot and the Bettencourt-Schueller, Orange, FondaMental, Conny-Maeva, Cognacq-Jay foundations. 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Questions about the face, however, also fit into a very different set of issues that are central to ethics. Based especially on the work of Levinas, philosophers have come to see that reference to the face of another person can anchor conceptions of moral responsibility and ethical demand. Levinas points to a certain irreducibility and transcendence implicit in the face of the other. In this paper I argue that the notion of transcendence involved in this kind of analysis can be given a naturalistic interpretation by drawing on recent interactive approaches to social cognition found in developmental psychology, phenomenology, and the study of autism. C1 [Gallagher, Shaun] Memphis State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Gallagher, Shaun] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Humanities, Dept Philosophy, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Gallagher, Shaun] Univ Wollongong, Fac Law Humanities & Arts, Dept Philosophy, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. 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Schneider, Andrea Bickel, Erika Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth Prescott, Christina Hessl, David TI Improving IQ measurement in intellectual disabilities using true deviation from population norms SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE IQ; Intellectual disability; Autism spectrum disorder; Fragile X syndrome; Cognitive assessment ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COGNITIVE-ABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM; INTELLIGENCE; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; CARRIERS AB Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by global cognitive deficits, yet the very IQ tests used to assess ID have limited range and precision in this population, especially for more impaired individuals. Methods: We describe the development and validation of a method of raw z-score transformation (based on general population norms) that ameliorates floor effects and improves the precision of IQ measurement in ID using the Stanford Binet 5 (SB5) in fragile X syndrome (FXS; n = 106), the leading inherited cause of ID, and in individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 205). We compared the distributional characteristics and Q-Q plots from the standardized scores with the deviation z-scores. Additionally, we examined the relationship between both scoring methods and multiple criterion measures. Results: We found evidence that substantial and meaningful variation in cognitive ability on standardized IQ tests among individuals with ID is lost when converting raw scores to standardized scaled, index and IQ scores. Use of the deviation z-score method rectifies this problem, and accounts for significant additional variance in criterion validation measures, above and beyond the usual IQ scores. Additionally, individual and group-level cognitive strengths and weaknesses are recovered using deviation scores. Conclusion: Traditional methods for generating IQ scores in lower functioning individuals with ID are inaccurate and inadequate, leading to erroneously flat profiles. However assessment of cognitive abilities is substantially improved by measuring true deviation in performance from standardization sample norms. This work has important implications for standardized test development, clinical assessment, and research for which IQ is an important measure of interest in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and other forms of cognitive impairment. C1 [Sansone, Stephanie M.; Schneider, Andrea; Bickel, Erika; Hessl, David] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth; Prescott, Christina] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth; Prescott, Christina] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth; Prescott, Christina] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Hessl, David] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Schneider, Andrea] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Hessl, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM david.hessl@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [1U24MH081810]; UC Davis School of Medicine Office; National Fragile X Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium and the participating AGRE families. The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange is a program of Autism Speaks and is supported, in part, by grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Clara M Lajonchere (PI). We thank Gale Roid (lead author of the SB5), Elizabeth Allen (Director of Research and Development at PRO-ED, Inc.), Ryan Butler and Tiffany Torigoe (AGRE), and Shrikant Pandya (data entry at Rush). The UC Davis School of Medicine Office of the Dean and a philanthropic donation from the Fragile X LINKS Group of Greater Chicago in conjunction with the National Fragile X Foundation supported this work. 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Tierney, Elaine Gropman, Andrea L. Ewen, Joshua B. TI Variations in EEG discharges predict ADHD severity within individual Smith-Lemli-Opitz patients SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERICTAL EEG; EPILEPSY; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: We sought to examine the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) as well as the relationship between interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and within-subject variations in attentional symptom severity. Methods: In the context of a clinical trial for SLOS, we performed cross-sectional and repeated-measure observational studies of the relationship between EEG findings and cognitive/behavioral factors on 23 children (aged 4-17 years). EEGs were reviewed for clinical abnormalities, including IEDs, by readers blinded to participants' behavioral symptoms. Between-group differences in baseline characteristics of participants with and without IEDs were analyzed. Within-subject analyses examined the association between the presence of IEDs and changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Results: Of 85 EEGs, 43 (51%) were abnormal, predominantly because of IEDs. Only one subject had documented clinical seizures. IEDs clustered in 13 subjects (57%), whereas 9 subjects (39%) had EEGs consistently free of IEDs. While there were no significant group differences in sex, age, intellectual disability, language level, or baseline ADHD symptoms, autistic symptoms tended to be more prevalent in the "IED" group (according to Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 criteria). Within individuals, the presence of IEDs on a particular EEG predicted, on average, a 27% increase in ADHD symptom severity. Conclusions: Epileptiform discharges are common in SLOS, despite a relatively low prevalence of epilepsy. Fluctuations in the presence of epileptiform discharges within individual children with a developmental disability syndrome may be associated with fluctuations in ADHD symptomatology, even in the absence of clinical seizures. C1 [Schreiber, John M.] NINDS, EEG Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sparks, Susan E.; Gropman, Andrea L.] NHGRI, Med Genet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wassif, Christopher A.] NICHD, Program Dev Endocrinol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lanham, Diane C.; Tierney, Elaine] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Trescher, William H.; Ewen, Joshua B.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Trescher, William H.; Ewen, Joshua B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Tierney, Elaine] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Trescher, William H.; Porter, Forbes D.] Penn State Hershey Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurol, Hershey, PA USA. [Caffo, Brian S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gropman, Andrea L.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Gropman, Andrea L.] George Washington Univ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Ewen, JB (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM Ewen@kennedykrieger.org FU Autism Speaks; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Kennedy Krieger/Johns Hopkins NICHD Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center core grant [P30 HD024061]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH [UL1 TR 000424-06]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research; Bench to Bedside award from the Office of Rare Diseases; NIH Clinical Center; NICHD; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH [K23 NS073626] FX This research was supported by Autism Speaks, the intramural research program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and by the Kennedy Krieger/Johns Hopkins NICHD Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center core grant P30 HD024061. This publication was made possible by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), which is funded in part by grant UL1 TR 000424-06 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the Johns Hopkins ICTR, NCATS, or NIH. This project was also supported by a Bench to Bedside award to F. D. P. from the Office of Rare Diseases, NIH Clinical Center, and NICHD; and by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH grant K23 NS073626 awarded to J.B.E. CR AARTS JHP, 1984, BRAIN, V107, P293, DOI 10.1093/brain/107.1.293 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bates D, IME4 LINEAR MIXED EF BERNARDINA B D, 1976, Epilepsia, V17, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1976.tb03393.x Conners C. 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Senturk, Damla Varcin, Kandice Ko, Jordan McCarthy, Brigid Shimizu, Christina Dies, Kira Vogel-Farley, Vanessa Sahin, Mustafa Nelson, Charles A., III TI Early developmental trajectories associated with ASD in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SEIZURE ONSET; BABY SIBLINGS; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; RISK AB Objective: We performed a longitudinal cohort study of infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), with the overarching goal of defining early clinical, behavioral, and biological markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in this high-risk population. Methods: Infants with TSC and typically developing controls were recruited as early as 3 months of age and followed longitudinally until 36 months of age. Data gathered at each time point included detailed seizure history, developmental testing using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, and social-communication assessments using the Autism Observation Scale for Infants. At 18 to 36 months, a diagnostic evaluation for ASD was performed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results: Infants with TSC demonstrated delays confined to nonverbal abilities, particularly in the visual domain, which then generalized to more global delays by age 9 months. Twenty-two of 40 infants with TSC were diagnosed with ASD. Both 12-month cognitive ability and developmental trajectories over the second and third years of life differentiated the groups. By 12 months of age, the ASD group demonstrated significantly greater cognitive delays and a significant decline in nonverbal IQ from 12 to 36 months. Conclusions: This prospective study characterizes early developmental markers of ASD in infants with TSC. The early delay in visual reception and fine motor ability in the TSC group as a whole, coupled with the decline in nonverbal ability in infants diagnosed with ASD, suggests a domain-specific pathway to ASD that can inform more targeted interventions for these high-risk infants. C1 [Jeste, Shafali Spurling; Ko, Jordan; McCarthy, Brigid; Shimizu, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Jeste, Shafali Spurling] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Wu, Joyce Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mattel Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Neurol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Senturk, Damla] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Varcin, Kandice; Vogel-Farley, Vanessa; Nelson, Charles A., III] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, Labs Cognit Neurosci, Boston, MA USA. [Dies, Kira] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Div Dev Med,Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sahin, Mustafa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston Childrens Hosp, FM Kirby Neurobiol Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jeste, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM Sjeste@mednet.ucla.edu FU Department of Defense (DOD CDMRP TSCRP); UCLA CTSI [UL1RR033176] FX Supported by the Department of Defense (DOD CDMRP TSCRP: 2011-2014) and UCLA CTSI (UL1RR033176). 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Kwok, Showming Banerjee, Abhishek Petravicz, Jeremy Woodson, Jonathan Mellios, Nikolaos Tropea, Daniela Sur, Mriganka TI Functional recovery with recombinant human IGF1 treatment in a mouse model of Rett Syndrome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE molecular therapeutic; respiration; synaptic function; male mice; female mice ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MECP2 MUTANT MICE; RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION; SYNDROME PHENOTYPES; BRAIN; NEURONS; PLASTICITY; DEFICITS; INACTIVATION AB Rett Syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises from mutations in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). MeCP2 has a large number of targets and a wide range of functions, suggesting the hypothesis that functional signaling mechanisms upstream of synaptic and circuit maturation may contribute to our understanding of the disorder and provide insight into potential treatment. Here, we show that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels are reduced in young male Mecp2-null (Mecp2(-/y)) mice, and systemic treatment with recombinant human IGF1 (rhIGF1) improves lifespan, locomotor activity, heart rate, respiration patterns, and social and anxiety behavior. Furthermore, Mecp2-null mice treated with rhIGF1 show increased synaptic and activated signaling pathway proteins, enhanced cortical excitatory synaptic transmission, and restored dendritic spine densities. IGF1 levels are also reduced in older, fully symptomatic heterozygous (Mecp2(-/+)) female mice, and short-term treatment with rhIGF1 in these animals improves respiratory patterns, reduces anxiety levels, and increases exploratory behavior. In addition, rhIGF1 treatment normalizes abnormally prolonged plasticity in visual cortex circuits of adult Mecp2(-/+) female mice. Our results provide characterization of the phenotypic development of Rett Syndrome in a mouse model at the molecular, circuit, and organismal levels and demonstrate a mechanism-based therapeutic role for rhIGF1 in treating Rett Syndrome. C1 [Castro, Jorge; Garcia, Rodrigo I.; Kwok, Showming; Banerjee, Abhishek; Petravicz, Jeremy; Woodson, Jonathan; Mellios, Nikolaos; Sur, Mriganka] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tropea, Daniela] St James Hosp, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Neuropsychiat Genet Dept, Dublin D8, Ireland. RP Sur, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, E25-618, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM msur@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation [2388357]; Simons Center for the Social Brain; National Institutes of Health; Simons Foundation FX We thank Alexandra Clemente and Jitendra Sharma, along with members of the M. S. laboratory, for technical assistance. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 2388357 (to R. I. G.), a postdoctoral fellowship from the Simons Center for the Social Brain (to S. K. and A. B.), and grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Simons Foundation (to M.S.). 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Rahmoune, Hassan Bahn, Sabine TI Integrative proteomic analysis of the NMDA NR1 knockdown mouse model reveals effects on central and peripheral pathways associated with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE ApoA1; Glutamate; Leptin; Major depressive disorder; Oligodendrocytes; Proteomics; Serum biomarkers; SRMstats ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; KINASE SUBSTRATE MARCKS; PHENCYCLIDINE RAT MODEL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RECEPTOR FUNCTION; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; BRAIN ABNORMALITIES; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Background: Over the last decade, the transgenic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR1-knockdown mouse (NR1(neo-/-)) has been investigated as a glutamate hypofunction model for schizophrenia. Recent research has now revealed that the model also recapitulates cognitive and negative symptoms in the continuum of other psychiatric diseases, particularly autism spectrum disorders (ASD). As previous studies have mostly focussed on behavioural readouts, a molecular characterisation of this model will help to identify novel biomarkers or potential drug targets. Methods: Here, we have used multiplex immunoassay analyses to investigate peripheral analyte alterations in serum of NR1(neo-/-) mice, as well as a combination of shotgun label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, bioinformatic pathway analyses, and a shotgun-based 40-plex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay to investigate altered molecular pathways in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. All findings were cross compared to identify translatable findings between the brain and periphery. Results: Multiplex immunoassay profiling led to identification of 29 analytes that were significantly altered in sera of NR1(neo-/-) mice. The highest magnitude changes were found for neurotrophic factors (VEGFA, EGF, IGF-1), apolipoprotein A1, and fibrinogen. We also found decreased levels of several chemokines. Following this, LC-MSE profiling led to identification of 48 significantly changed proteins in the frontal cortex and 41 in the hippocampus. In particular, MARCS, the mitochondrial pyruvate kinase, and CamKII-alpha were affected. Based on the combination of protein set enrichment and bioinformatic pathway analysis, we designed orthogonal SRM-assays which validated the abnormalities of proteins involved in synaptic long-term potentiation, myelination, and the ERK-signalling pathway in both brain regions. In contrast, increased levels of proteins involved in neurotransmitter metabolism and release were found only in the frontal cortex and abnormalities of proteins involved in the purinergic system were found exclusively in the hippocampus. Conclusions: Taken together, this multi-platform profiling study has identified peripheral changes which are potentially linked to central alterations in synaptic plasticity and neuronal function associated with NMDAR-NR1 hypofunction. Therefore, the reported proteomic changes may be useful as translational biomarkers in human and rodent model drug discovery efforts. C1 [Wesseling, Hendrik; Guest, Paul C.; Rahmoune, Hassan; Bahn, Sabine] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 1QT, England. [Lee, Chi-Ming; Wong, Erik H. F.] AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE 19850 USA. [Bahn, Sabine] Erasmus MC, Dept Neurosci, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Bahn, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QT, England. EM sb209@cam.ac.uk FU Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI); Innovative Medicines Initiative for Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia (IMI NEWMEDS); Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement [0908]; Autism Speaks grant [6009] FX This research was kindly supported by the Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI), the Innovative Medicines Initiative for Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia (IMI NEWMEDS), the Dutch Fund for Economic Structure Reinforcement ((#0908) the NeuroBasic PharmaPhenomics project), and the Autism Speaks grant (#6009). Additional information is available at Molecular Autism's website. 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Autism PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 38 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-38 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM0YX UT WOS:000339574700001 PM 25061506 ER PT J AU Kushki, A Brian, J Dupuis, A Anagnostou, E AF Kushki, Azadeh Brian, Jessica Dupuis, Annie Anagnostou, Evdokia TI Functional autonomic nervous system profile in children with autism spectrum disorder SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Autonomic nervous system; Heart rate; Respiratory sinus arrhythmia ID RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; ANXIETY DISORDERS; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; REVISED VERSION; SOCIAL ANXIETY; AMYGDALA AB Background: Autonomic dysregulation has been recently reported as a feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the nature of autonomic atypicalities in ASD remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to characterize the cardiac autonomic profile of children with ASD across four domains affected in ASD (anxiety, attention, response inhibition, and social cognition), and suggested to be affected by autonomic dysregulation. Methods: We compared measures of autonomic cardiac regulation in typically developing children (n = 34) and those with ASD (n = 40) as the children performed tasks eliciting anxiety, attention, response inhibition, and social cognition. Heart rate was used to quantify overall autonomic arousal, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was used as an index of vagal influences. Associations between atypical autonomic findings and intellectual functioning (Weschler scale), ASD symptomatology (Social Communication Questionnaire score), and co-morbid anxiety (Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale) were also investigated. Results: The ASD group had marginally elevated basal heart rate, and showed decreased heart rate reactivity to social anxiety and increased RSA reactivity to the social cognition task. In this group, heart rate reactivity to the social anxiety task was positively correlated with IQ and task performance, and negatively correlated with generalized anxiety. RSA reactivity in the social cognition task was positively correlated with IQ. Conclusions: Our data suggest overall autonomic hyperarousal in ASD and selective atypical reactivity to social tasks. C1 [Kushki, Azadeh; Brian, Jessica; Anagnostou, Evdokia] Bloorview Res Inst, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. [Kushki, Azadeh] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada. [Dupuis, Annie] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Kushki, A (reprint author), Bloorview Res Inst, 150 Kilgour Rd, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. EM akushki@hollandbloorview.ca FU Ontario government FX This research was conducted with the support of the Ontario Brain Institute, an independent non-profit corporation, funded partially by the Ontario government. The opinions, results, and conclusions are those of the authors, and no endorsement by the Ontario Brain Institute is intended or should be inferred. We would like to thank Krissy Doyle-Thomas, Seth Sobel, Danielle D'Alessandro, Tom Nantis, Susan Day Fragiadakis, Naomi Sklar, and Johnny Au for their contributions to the study. 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Autism PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 39 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-39 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL4AS UT WOS:000339075800001 PM 25031832 ER PT J AU Keita, L Guy, J Berthiaume, C Mottron, L Bertone, A AF Keita, Luc Guy, Jacalyn Berthiaume, Claude Mottron, Laurent Bertone, Armando TI An early origin for detailed perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: biased sensitivity for high-spatial frequency information. SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS; VISUAL-ACUITY; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; GABA CONCENTRATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DISCRIMINATION; CORTEX; BRAIN; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS AB Autistics demonstrate superior performances on several visuo-spatial tasks where local or detailed information processing is advantageous. Altered spatial filtering properties at an early level of visuo-spatial analysis may be a plausible perceptual origin for such detailed perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 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C1 [Keita, Luc] Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Neuropsychol & Cognit CERNEC, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Guy, Jacalyn; Bertone, Armando] McGill Univ, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Guy, Jacalyn] McGill Univ, Integrated Program Neurosci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Berthiaume, Claude; Mottron, Laurent; Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Ctr Excellence Pervas Dev Disorders CETEDUM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Berthiaume, Claude; Mottron, Laurent; Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Bertone, Armando] McGill Univ, Sch Appl Child Psychol, Dept Educ & Counselling Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Bertone, A (reprint author), McGill Univ, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. EM armando.bertone@mcgill.ca FU Autism Speaks mentor-based fellowship; Canadian Institute for Health Research operating Grant FX This study was supported by funding from an Autism Speaks mentor-based (L.M. and A.B.) fellowship to L.K. and a Canadian Institute for Health Research operating Grant to L.M. and A.B. We thank all the participants for their involvement in this project. 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These individuals have average social and language skills, receive minimal school support and are considered to have achieved "optimal outcomes" (OOs). Since residual impairments in these individuals might be expected in deficits central to autism, and in developmentally advanced skills, EF was examined in 34 individuals who achieved OOs, 43 individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA), and 34 typically developing (TD) peers. Groups were matched on age (M = 13.49), gender, and nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) but differed on verbal IQ (VIQ; HFA < TD, OO). On direct assessment, all three groups demonstrated average EF; however, the OO and HFA groups exhibited more impulsivity and less efficient planning and problem-solving than the TD group, and more HFA participants exhibited below average inhibition than did OO and TD participants. 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PD JUL 4 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 4 BP 378 EP 397 DI 10.1080/09297049.2013.799644 PG 20 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AF8VA UT WOS:000334992500001 PM 23731181 ER PT J AU Hyman, SE AF Hyman, Steven E. TI How Far Can Mice Carry Autism Research? SO CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEMS; MOUSE AB In the face of growing controversy about the utility of genetic mouse models of human disease, Rothwell et al. report on a shared mechanism by which two different neuroligin-3 mutations, associated with autism spectrum disorders in humans, produce an enhancement in motor learning. The open question is how much we can learn about human ills from such models. C1 Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Hyman, SE (reprint author), Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. 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TI Autism-Associated Neuroligin-3 Mutations Commonly Impair Striatal Circuits to Boost Repetitive Behaviors SO CELL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; SYNAPTIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; BASAL GANGLIA; SOCIAL REWARD; MOUSE MODEL; DE-NOVO; MICE; PLASTICITY; SKILL; ACQUISITION AB In humans, neuroligin-3 mutations are associated with autism, whereas in mice, the corresponding mutations produce robust synaptic and behavioral changes. However, different neuroligin-3 mutations cause largely distinct phenotypes in mice, and no causal relationship links a specific synaptic dysfunction to a behavioral change. Using rotarod motor learning as a proxy for acquired repetitive behaviors in mice, we found that different neuroligin-3 mutations uniformly enhanced formation of repetitive motor routines. Surprisingly, neuroligin-3 mutations caused this phenotype not via changes in the cerebellum or dorsal striatum but via a selective synaptic impairment in the nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum. 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RP Malenka, RC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Nancy Pritzker Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM malenka@stanford.edu; tcs1@stanford.edu FU NIMH [P50 MH086403, K99 MH099243, F32 MH096491]; Simons Foundation FX We thank A. Darvishzadeh, A. Afjei, G. Sun, S. Ghosh, and N. Huang for technical assistance, C. Foldy for advice, and all Malenka and Sudhof lab members for helpful discussions. This work was supported by grants from the NIMH (P50 MH086403 to R.C.M. and T.C.S., K99 MH099243 to M.V.F., and F32 MH096491 to P.E.R.); initial stages were also supported by the Simons Foundation (to R.C.M. and T.C.S.). 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Hyde, Thomas M. Krauss, Gregory Christian, Kimberly M. Rapoport, Judith L. Weinberger, Daniel R. Song, Hongjun Ming, Guo-li TI Modeling a Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia in iPSCs and Mice Reveals Neural Stem Cell Deficits Associated with Adherens Junctions and Polarity SO CELL STEM CELL LA English DT Article ID COPY NUMBER VARIANTS; RECURRENT MICRODELETIONS; NEURONAL MIGRATION; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; PROTEIN; AUTISM; DROSOPHILA; 15Q11.2; WAVE2; PATHOGENESIS AB Defects in brain development are believed to contribute toward the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders, but identifying specific underlying mechanisms has proven difficult. Here, we took a multifaceted approach to investigate why 15q11.2 copy number variants are prominent risk factors for schizophrenia and autism. First, we show that human iPSC-derived neural progenitors carrying 15q11.2 microdeletion exhibit deficits in adherens junctions and apical polarity. This results from haploinsufficiency of CYFIP1, a gene within 15q11.2 that encodes a subunit of the WAVE complex, which regulates cytoskeletal dynamics. In developing mouse cortex, deficiency in CYFIP1 and WAVE signaling similarly affects radial glial cells, leading to their ectopic localization outside of the ventricular zone. Finally, targeted human genetic association analyses revealed an epistatic interaction between CYFIP1 and WAVE signaling mediator ACTR2 and risk for schizophrenia. Our findings provide insight into how CYFIP1 regulates neural stem cell function and may contribute to the susceptibility of neuropsychiatric disorders. C1 [Yoon, Ki-Jun; Ha Nam Nguyen; Kim, Nam-Shik; Wen, Zhexing; Makri, Georgia; Nauen, David; Park, Youngbin; Chung, Raeeun; Pekle, Eva; Zhang, Ce; Towe, Maxwell; Mohammed, Syed; Christian, Kimberly M.; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Yoon, Ki-Jun; Kim, Nam-Shik; Wen, Zhexing; Makri, Georgia; Zhang, Ce; Krauss, Gregory; Christian, Kimberly M.; Weinberger, Daniel R.; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ha Nam Nguyen; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ursini, Gianluca; Zhang, Fengyu; Shin, Joo Heon; Kleinman, Joel E.; Hyde, Thomas M.; Weinberger, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Lieber Inst Brain Dev, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Nauen, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lee, Yohan; Rapoport, Judith L.] NIMH, Child Psychiat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rujescu, Dan] Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [St Clair, David] Univ Aberdeen, Royal Cornhill Hosp, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. [Weinberger, Daniel R.; Song, Hongjun; Ming, Guo-li] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Solomon H Snyder Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ming, GL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM shongju1@jhmi.edu; gming1@jhmi.edu RI Wen, Zhexing/B-9313-2014 FU NIH [NS048271, HD069184, NS047344, MH087874, F31MH102978]; Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD); Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (MSCRF); Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI); International Mental Health Research Organization (IMHRO); Lieber Institute for Brain Development; NARSAD; MSCRF; HFSP FX We would like to thank members of G.-l.M. and H.S. laboratories for discussion, ICE stem cell core and H. Kim for generating some iPSC lines, K. Ahn, T. Andersen, V. Villagomez, L. Liu, and Y. Cai for technical support and help. 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TI Reducing Specific Phobia/Fear in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) through a Virtual Reality Environment Intervention SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SYMPTOMS; YOUTH; POPULATION; RESPONSES AB Anxiety is common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), with specific fears and phobias one of the most frequent subtypes. Specific fears and phobias can have a serious impact on young people with ASD and their families. In this study we developed and evaluated a unique treatment combining cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with graduated exposure in a virtual reality environment (VRE). Nine verbally fluent boys with an ASD diagnosis and no reported learning disability, aged 7 to 13 years old, were recruited. Each had anxiety around a specific situation (e. g. crowded buses) or stimulus (e. g. pigeons). An individualised scene was recreated in our 'wrap-around' VRE. In the VRE participants were coached by a psychologist in cognitive and behavioural techniques (e.g. relaxation and breathing exercises) while the exposure to the phobia/fear stimulus was gradually increased as the child felt ready. Each child received four 20-30 minute sessions. After participating in the study, eight of the nine children were able to tackle their phobia situation. Four of the participants completely overcame their phobia. Treatment effects were maintained at 12 months. These results provide evidence that CBT with VRE can be a highly effective treatment for specific phobia/fear for some young people with ASD. C1 [Maskey, Morag; Rodgers, Jacqui; Parr, Jeremy R.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Lowry, Jessica; McConachie, Helen] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Maskey, M (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM morag.maskey@ncl.ac.uk; Jeremy.parr@ncl.ac.uk FU Newcastle University FX Dr Morag Maskey has a Daphne Jackson Fellowship sponsored by Newcastle University (http://www.daphnejackson.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Prior work has provided evidence that somatic mutation caused by gene conversion and deletion at segmentally duplicated loci is relevant to several diseases. Simple tandem repeat (STR) sequence is highly mutable, both somatically and in the germ-line, and somatic STR mutations are observed under inflammation. Results: Protein-coding genes spanning STRs having markers of mutability, including germ-line variability, high total length, repeat count and/or repeat similarity, are evaluated in the context of autoimmunity. For the initiation of autoimmune disease, antigens whose autoantibodies are the first observed in a disease, termed primary autoantigens, are informative. Three primary autoantigens, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), phogrin (PTPRN2) and filaggrin (FLG), include STRs that are among the eleven longest STRs spanned by protein-coding genes. This association of primary autoantigens with long STR sequence is highly significant (p<3.0 x 10(-7)). Long STRs occur within twenty genes that are associated with sixteen common autoimmune diseases and atherosclerosis. The repeat within the TTC34 gene is an outlier in terms of length and a link with systemic lupus erythematosus is proposed. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that many autoimmune diseases are triggered by immune responses to proteins whose DNA sequence mutates somatically in a coherent, consistent fashion. Other autoimmune diseases may be caused by coherent somatic mutations in immune cells. The coherent somatic mutation hypothesis has the potential to be a comprehensive explanation for the initiation of many autoimmune diseases. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Ross, KA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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Kiehl, Thomas R. Corneo, Barbara Lederman, Patty Menon, Vilas Lee, Changkyu Martinez, Refugio A. Levi, Boaz P. Thompson, Carol L. Yao, Shuyuan Kaykas, Ajamete Temple, Sally Fasano, Christopher A. TI CORTECON: A Temporal Transcriptome Analysis of In Vitro Human Cerebral Cortex Development from Human Embryonic Stem Cells SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN BRAIN; NEOCORTICAL NEURONOGENESIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; AUTISM; DIFFERENTIATION; NEURONS; GENE AB Many neurological and psychiatric disorders affect the cerebral cortex, and a clearer understanding of the molecular processes underlying human corticogenesis will provide greater insight into such pathologies. To date, knowledge of gene expression changes accompanying corticogenesis is largely based on murine data. Here we present a searchable, comprehensive, temporal gene expression data set encompassing cerebral cortical development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Using a modified differentiation protocol that yields neurons suggestive of prefrontal cortex, we identified sets of genes and long noncoding RNAs that significantly change during corticogenesis and those enriched for disease-associations. Numerous alternatively spliced genes with varying temporal patterns of expression are revealed, including TGIF1, involved in holoprosencephaly, and MARK1, involved in autism. We have created a database (http://cortecon.neuralsci.org/) that provides online, query-based access to changes in RNA expression and alternatively spliced transcripts during human cortical development. C1 [van de Leemput, Joyce; Boles, Nathan C.; Kiehl, Thomas R.; Corneo, Barbara; Lederman, Patty; Temple, Sally; Fasano, Christopher A.] Neural Stem Cell Inst, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. [Kiehl, Thomas R.] SUNY Albany, Coll Comp & Informat, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12144 USA. [Menon, Vilas; Lee, Changkyu; Martinez, Refugio A.; Levi, Boaz P.; Thompson, Carol L.; Yao, Shuyuan; Kaykas, Ajamete] Allen Inst Brain Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Temple, S (reprint author), Neural Stem Cell Inst, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. EM sallytemple@neuralsci.org; chrisfasano@neuralsci.org FU NINDS [NS072434-01A1]; Regenerative Research Foundation; Allen Institute for Brain Science FX This work was supported by grants from NINDS (NS072434-01A1 to C. A. F.) and the Regenerative Research Foundation. This collaborative work was supported in part by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. Its authors wish to thank the Allen Institute founders, Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen, for their vision, encouragement, and support. 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Patrick Fioravante, Diasynou Regehr, Wade G. Gygi, Steven P. Georgopoulos, Katia Bonni, Azad TI Promoter Decommissioning by the NuRD Chromatin Remodeling Complex Triggers Synaptic Connectivity in the Mammalian Brain SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; NEURAL DEVELOPMENT; MI-2/NURD COMPLEX; BREAST-CANCER; GRANULE CELL; HUMAN GENOME; STEM-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Precise control of gene expression plays fundamental roles in brain development, but the roles of chromatin regulators in neuronal connectivity have remained poorly understood. We report that depletion of the NuRD complex by in vivo RNAi and conditional knockout of the core NuRD subunit Chd4 profoundly impairs the establishment of granule neuron parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses in the rodent cerebellar cortex in vivo. By interfacing genome-wide sequencing of transcripts and ChIP-seq analyses, we uncover a network of repressed genes and distinct histone modifications at target gene promoters that are developmentally regulated by the NuRD complex in the cerebellum in vivo. Finally, in a targeted in vivo RNAi screen of NuRD target genes, we identify a program of NuRD-repressed genes that operate as critical regulators of presynaptic differentiation in the cerebellar cortex. Our findings define NuRD-dependent promoter decommissioning as a developmentally regulated programming mechanism that drives synaptic connectivity in the mammalian brain. C1 [Yamada, Tomoko; Yang, Yue; Cho, Ha Young; Bonni, Azad] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Yamada, Tomoko; Yang, Yue; Cho, Ha Young; Fioravante, Diasynou; Regehr, Wade G.; Bonni, Azad] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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We thank the Genome Technology Access Center at Washington University, which is supported by NCI P30 CA91842 to the Siteman Cancer Center and by ICTS/CTSA UL1TR000448. 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Miller, Earl K. TI Increases in Functional Connectivity between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum during Category Learning SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID BETA-BAND OSCILLATIONS; BASAL GANGLIA; GRANGER CAUSALITY; CORTICAL NETWORK; BRAIN NETWORKS; TOP-DOWN; SYNCHRONIZATION; CATEGORIZATION; ATTENTION; MEMORY AB Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum (STR) is thought critical for cognition and has been linked to conditions like autism and schizophrenia. We recorded from multiple electrodes in PFC and STR while monkeys acquired new categories. Category learning was accompanied by an increase in beta band synchronization of LFPs between, but not within, the PFC and STR. After learning, different pairs of PFC-STR electrodes showed stronger synchrony for one or the other category, suggesting category-specific functional circuits. 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Kanazawa, So Kakigi, Ryusuke TI Novel method to classify hemodynamic response obtained using multi-channel fNIRS measurements into two groups: exploring the combinations of channels SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hemodynamic data; near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); support vector machine (SVM); sparse modeling; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; NEURAL REPRESENTATION; FEATURE-SELECTION; INFANT BRAIN; FACE; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; SYMPTOMS; CLASSIFICATION AB Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in psychiatric studies has widely demonstrated that cerebral hemodynamics differs among psychiatric patients. Recently we found that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) showed different hemodynamic responses to their own mother's face. Based on this finding, we may be able to classify the hemodynamic data into two those groups and predict to which diagnostic group an unknown participant belongs. In the present study, we proposed a novel statistical method for classifying the hemodynamic data of these two groups. By applying a support vector machine (SVM), we searched the combination of measurement channels at which the hemodynamic response differed between the ADHD and the ASD children. The SVM found the optimal subset of channels in each data set and successfully classified the ADHD data from the ASD data. For the 24-dimensional hemodynamic data, two optimal subsets classified the hemodynamic data with 84% classification accuracy, while the subset contained all 24 channels classified with 62% classification accuracy. These results indicate the potential application of our novel method for classifying the hemodynamic data into two groups and revealing the combinations of channels that efficiently differentiate the two groups. C1 [Ichikawa, Hiroko; Yamaguchi, Masami K.] Chuo Univ, Dept Psychol, Tokyo 1920393, Japan. [Ichikawa, Hiroko; Yamaguchi, Masami K.] Chuo Univ, Res Dev Initiat, Tokyo 1920393, Japan. [Ichikawa, Hiroko] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Kitazono, Jun; Nagata, Kenji; Manda, Akira; Okada, Masato] Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Shimamura, Keiichi; Sakuta, Ryoichi] Dokkyo Med Univ, Koshigaya Hosp, Dept Pediat, Koshigaya, Japan. [Shimamura, Keiichi; Sakuta, Ryoichi] Dokkyo Med Univ, Koshigaya Hosp, Ctr Child Dev & Psychosomat Med, Koshigaya, Japan. [Okada, Masato] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Kanazawa, So] Japan Womens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kakigi, Ryusuke] Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Dept Integrat Physiol, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Japan. RP Ichikawa, H (reprint author), Chuo Univ, Dept Psychol, 742-1 Higashi Nakano, Tokyo 1920393, Japan. EM ichihiro@tamacc.chuo-u.ac.jp FU MEXT KAKENHI [20119002, 23119708]; JSPS KAKENHI [25120009, 26120529, 25106506, 22700230, 10J06155, 24 7809] FX This study was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, "Face perception and recognition" from MEXT KAKENHI (20119002 to Masami K. Yamaguchi, 23119708 to Masato Okada); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, "Sparse Modeling" from JSPS KAKENHI (25120009 to Masato Okada and Kenji Nagata, 26120529 to Hiroko Ichikawa); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, "Exploring the Limits of Computation (ELC)" from JSPS KAKENHI (25106506 to Kenji Nagata); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from JSPS KAKENHI (20240020 to Masato Okada); Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from JSPS KAKENHI (22700230 to Kenji Nagata) and a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows from JSPS KAKENHI (10J06155 to Jun Kitazono, 24 7809 to Hiroko Ichikawa). 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Hum. Neurosci. PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 480 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00480 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AM7MZ UT WOS:000340053100001 PM 25071510 ER PT J AU Dekker, V Nauta, MH Mulder, EJ Timmerman, ME de Bildt, A AF Dekker, Vera Nauta, Maaike H. Mulder, Erik J. Timmerman, Marieke E. de Bildt, Annelies TI A randomized controlled study of a social skills training for preadolescent children with autism spectrum disorders: generalization of skills by training parents and teachers? SO BMC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Social skills training; Autism spectrum disorder; RCT; Primary school; Treatment efficacy ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; INTERVENTION; PROGRAM; EFFICACY AB Background: Social skills training (SST) is a common intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) to improve their social and communication skills. Despite the fact that SSTs are often applied in clinical practice, the evidence for the effectiveness of these trainings for children with ASD is inconclusive. Moreover, long term outcome and generalization of learned skills are little evaluated. Additionally, there is no research on the influence of involvement of parents and teachers on effectiveness of SST and on the generalization of learned social skills to daily life. We expect parent and teacher involvement in SST to enhance treatment efficacy and to facilitate generalization of learned skills to daily life. Method/Design: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three conditions, 120 participants with ASD at the end of primary school (10-12 years of calendar age) have been randomized to SST, SST-PTI SST with Parent & Teacher Involvement), or care-as-usual. The SST consists of 18 group sessions of 1.5 hours for the children. In the SST-PTI condition, parents additionally participate in 8 parent sessions and parents and teachers are actively involved in homework assignments. Assessment takes place at three moments: before and immediately after the intervention period and at 6 months follow-up. Primary outcome is socialization, as an aspect of adaptive functioning. Secondary outcomes focus on specific social skills children learn during SST and on more general social skills pertaining to home and community settings from a multi informant perspective. Additionally, possible predictors of treatment outcome will be assessed. Discussion: The current study is an RCT study evaluating SST in a large sample of Dutch children with ASD in a specific age range (10-12 years). Strengths of the study are the use of one manualized protocol, application of standardized and internationally used rating instruments, use of multiple raters, investigation of generalization of learned skills to daily life, and the evaluation of efficacy in the longer term by follow-up measures at 6 months after the end of training. C1 [Dekker, Vera; Nauta, Maaike H.; Mulder, Erik J.; de Bildt, Annelies] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Accare Groningen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. [Nauta, Maaike H.; Timmerman, Marieke E.] Univ Groningen, Dept Clin Psychol, NL-9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands. RP Dekker, V (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Accare Groningen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Hanzepl 1, NL-9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands. EM v.dekker@accare.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) [157003005] FX This study has been funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, nr 157003005). Barbara van den Hoofdakker, Lianne van der Veen, Sjoukje van Warners, and Leonieke Vet have developed the intervention protocols used in the study. 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R., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE White SW, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1858, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0320-x Yoo HJ, AUTISM RES NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-244X J9 BMC PSYCHIATRY JI BMC Psychiatry PD JUL 2 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 189 DI 10.1186/1471-244X-14-189 PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AL4PT UT WOS:000339115600001 PM 24989854 ER PT J AU Smith, JD Rho, JM Masino, SA Mychasiuk, R AF Smith, Jacklyn D. Rho, Jong M. Masino, Susan A. Mychasiuk, Richelle TI Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3(tf/)J Mouse Model of Autism SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Behavior; Issue 89; mice; inbred C57BL; social behavior; animal models; autism; BTBR; motor stereotypy; repetitive ID BEHAVIORS; MICE; ANXIETY AB Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by decreased reciprocal social interaction, abnormal communication, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interest. As diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, any potentially relevant rodent models of this heterogeneous disorder should ideally recapitulate these diverse behavioral traits. The BTBR T+ Itpr(3tf)/J (BTBR) mouse is an established animal model of ASD, displaying repetitive behaviors such as increased grooming, as well as cognitive inflexibility. With respect to social interaction and interest, the juvenile play test has been employed in multiple rodent models of ASD. Here, we show that when BTBR mice are tested in a juvenile social interaction enclosure containing sawdust bedding, they display a repetitive synchronous digging motion. This repetitive motor behavior, referred to as "inchworming," was named because of the stereotypic nature of the movements exhibited by the mice while moving horizontally across the floor. Inchworming mice must use their fore- and hind-limbs in synchrony to displace the bedding, performing a minimum of one inward and one outward motion. Although both BTBR and C56BL/6J (B6) mice exhibit this behavior, BTBR mice demonstrate a significantly higher duration and frequency of inchworming and a decreased latency to initiate inchworming when placed in a bedded enclosure. We conclude that this newly described behavior provides a measure of a repetitive motor stereotypy that can be easily measured in animal models of ASD. C1 [Smith, Jacklyn D.; Rho, Jong M.; Mychasiuk, Richelle] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Alberta Childrens Hosp, Res Inst,Dept Paediat & Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Masino, Susan A.] Trin Coll, Dept Psychol, Neurosci Program, Cambridge, England. RP Mychasiuk, R (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Alberta Childrens Hosp, Res Inst,Dept Paediat & Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM rmmychas@ucalgary.ca FU Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute FX The authors are grateful for the technical and logistical assistance and expertise provided by Rose Tobias, Younghee Ahn, and David N. Ruskin. The work described here was funded by the Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation and the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute. CR Crawley JN, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P248, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20039 Deacon RMJ, 2005, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V156, P241, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.05.027 Deacon RMJ, 2006, NAT PROTOC, V1, P122, DOI 10.1038/nprot.2006.20 DUDEK BC, 1983, J COMP PSYCHOL, V97, P249, DOI 10.1037/0735-7036.97.3.249 Lewis MH, 2007, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V176, P66, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.023 McFarlane HG, 2008, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V7, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2007.00330.x Pearson BL, 2011, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V10, P228, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00659.x Pobbe RLH, 2010, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V214, P443, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.025 Pobbe RLH, 2011, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V216, P446, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.039 Silverman JL, 2010, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V11, P490, DOI 10.1038/nrn2851 Thomas A, 2009, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V204, P361, DOI 10.1007/s00213-009-1466-y WEBSTER DG, 1981, ANIM LEARN BEHAV, V9, P173, DOI 10.3758/BF03197816 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JUL PY 2014 IS 89 AR e50791 DI 10.3791/50791 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB0DR UT WOS:000349296100005 ER PT J AU Banda, DR Griffin-Shirley, N Okungu, PA Ogot, OP Meeks, MK AF Banda, Devender R. Griffin-Shirley, Nora Okungu, Phoebe A. Ogot, Orpa P. Meeks, Melanie K. TI A Review of Intervention Studies Conducted with Individuals with Autism and Sensory Impairments SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS LA English DT Review ID EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM; CONGENITALLY BLIND-CHILDREN; APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS; SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; SPECTRUM DISORDER; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; DISABILITIES; PREFERENCES; ACQUISITION; DIAGNOSIS AB Introduction: Recently, there has been heightened interest in individuals with autism and sensory impairments, and interventions that affect this population. To date, no reviews have analyzed intervention studies, and the present study adds to intervention research literature. Methods: Based on an electronic search, eight studies were included in the review. Results: The results indicated that four of the studies focused on communication skills, while the other four targeted problem behaviors. All participants made progress in communication and showed improvements in their behaviors. Discussion: Although positive results were seen in all participants, the studies suffer from methodological limitations. Thus, future research is needed to replicate studies as well as provide maintenance and generalization data. Implications for practitioners: Some suggestions are to include preference assessments prior to the development of intervention studies to create a modified picture exchange communication system with tangible objects or symbols. C1 [Banda, Devender R.] Texas Tech Univ, Coll Educ, Dept Educ Psychol & Leadership, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Griffin-Shirley, Nora; Okungu, Phoebe A.; Ogot, Orpa P.] Texas Tech Univ, Coll Educ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Banda, DR (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Coll Educ, Dept Educ Psychol & Leadership, POB 41071, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM devender.banda@ttu.edu; n.griffin-shirley@ttu.edu; phoebe.okungu@ttu.edu; orpatieno@yahoo.com; melaniekmeeks@yahoo.com CR Absoud M, 2011, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V53, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03846.x Alberto P. A., 2012, APPL BEHAV ANAL TEAC, V9th Ali E, 2011, EDUC TRAIN AUTISM DE, V46, P425 BAER DM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 Brown R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P693, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01696.x Carvill S, 2001, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V45, P467, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00366.x Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, AUT SPECTR DIS DAT S Charlop-Christy MH, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P213, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-213 CHESS S, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01537741 Cooper J. 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PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 108 IS 4 BP 299 EP 309 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA CA8RW UT WOS:000349189600005 ER PT J AU Farah, R Schmithorst, VJ Keith, RW Holland, SK AF Farah, Rola Schmithorst, Vincent J. Keith, Robert W. Holland, Scott K. TI Altered white matter microstructure underlies listening difficulties in children suspected of auditory processing disorders: a DTI study SO BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Attention; auditory processing disorder; dichotic listening; diffusion tensor imaging; listening difficulties ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; LANGUAGE LATERALIZATION; HUMAN BRAIN; SPEECH LATERALIZATION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; SPINAL-CORD; DIFFUSION; ATTENTION AB Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to identify biomarkers of listening difficulties by investigating white matter microstructure in children suspected of auditory processing disorder (APD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Behavioral studies have suggested that impaired cognitive and/or attention abilities rather than a pure sensory processing deficit underlie listening difficulties and auditory processing disorder (APD) in children. However, the neural signature of listening difficulties has not been investigated. Methods: Twelve children with listening difficulties and atypical left ear advantage (LEA) in dichotic listening and twelve age- and gender-matched typically developing children with typical right ear advantage (REA) were tested. Using voxel-based analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean, axial and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, RD) maps were computed and contrasted between the groups. Results: Listening difficulties were associated with altered white matter microstructure, reflected by decreased FA in frontal multifocal white matter regions centered in prefrontal cortex bilaterally and left anterior cingulate. Increased RD and decreased AD accounted for the decreased FA, suggesting delayed myelination in frontal white matter tracts and disrupted fiber organization in the LEA group. Furthermore, listening difficulties were associated with increased MD (with increase in both RD and AD) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (sublenticular part) at the auditory radiations where auditory input is transmitted between the thalamus and the auditory cortex. Conclusions: Our results provide direct evidence that listening difficulties in children are associated with altered white matter microstructure and that both sensory and supramodal deficits underlie the differences between the groups. C1 [Farah, Rola] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Commun Sci Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Farah, Rola; Keith, Robert W.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Schmithorst, Vincent J.] UPMC, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Holland, Scott K.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Pediat Neuroimaging Res Consortium, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Farah, R (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Commun Sci Res Ctr, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Rola.farrah@cchmc.org FU University of Cincinnati Research Council grant; Imaging Research Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center FX This work was supported in part by a University of Cincinnati Research Council grant and by the Imaging Research Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 102 IS 3 BP 205 EP U73 DI 10.3163/1536-5050.102.3.012 PG 6 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA AW2UW UT WOS:000346145700012 PM 25031563 ER PT J AU Sen, F Oksar, RE Golkarian, M Yaldiz, S AF Sen, Fatih Oksar, Rustu Efe Golkarian, Mina Yaldiz, Sevde TI Quality Changes of Different Sweet Cherry Cultivars at Various Stages of the Supply Chain SO NOTULAE BOTANICAE HORTI AGROBOTANICI CLUJ-NAPOCA LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; firmness; marketing pitting; Prunus autism L; transportation ID PRUNUS-AVIUM L.; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SHELF-LIFE; BING CHERRIES; COLD-STORAGE; ATMOSPHERES; FRAP AB Transportation of sweet cherry fruits to distant markets and further marketing processes often takes approximately 2-3 weeks. The present study investigates the quality changes during this time period at three stages for three sweet cherry cultivars: 'Early Burlat', 'Napoleon', and '0900 Ziraat'. Following pre-cooling, the sweet cherries were placed in modified atmosphere packages and exposed to the following stages for the indicated durations: transportation (T) [8 days at 2 C and 85% relative humidity (RH)]; distribution center (DC) (4 days at 6.5 C and 80% RH), and shelf-life (SL) (2 days at 19 C and 70% RH). Weight losses at the end of the SL stage were 3.11, 3.18, and 2.74%, respectively in 'Early Burlat', 'Napoleon' and '0900 Ziraai. Fruit firmness decreased after SL as compared CO that at other stages and was more remarkable in '0900 Ziraat'. Decreased Chroma values which indicates, the intensity or color saturation were observed in all cultivars, whereas decreased hue angle values colours expressed in degrees were observed in the 'Early Burlat' and '0900 Ziraat'. In addition, a decrease was noted in the titratable acidity of all cultivars at the end of SL. The total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities were similar for all cultivars at all stages. The visual appearance scores of 'Early Burlat' cherries decreased at the end of SL, because of development of pitting on the fruit surface. The fruit quality changes were limited at T and DC stages; however, these changes became more distinctive during the SL period. It was thus concluded that the SL duration and conditions were of the highest significance with regard to maintenance of the sweet cherry fruit quality. C1 [Sen, Fatih; Oksar, Rustu Efe; Golkarian, Mina; Yaldiz, Sevde] Ege Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. RP Sen, F (reprint author), Ege Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. 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PD JUL-DEC PY 2014 VL 42 IS 2 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1583/nbha4229596 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AW5PM UT WOS:000346326700029 ER PT J AU Courgeon, M Rautureau, G Martin, JC Grynszpan, O AF Courgeon, Matthieu Rautureau, Gilles Martin, Jean-Claude Grynszpan, Ouriel TI Joint Attention Simulation Using Eye-Tracking and Virtual Humans SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Interaction techniques; virtual reality; evaluation/methodology; handicapped persons/special needs ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SOCIAL COGNITION; GAZE DIRECTION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; FIXATION; LOOKING; ADULTS; PERFORMANCE AB This article analyses the issues pertaining to the simulation of joint attention with virtual humans. Gaze represents a powerful communication channel illustrated by the pivotal role of joint attention in social interactions. To our knowledge, there have been only few attempts to simulate gazing patterns associated with joint attention as a mean for developing empathic virtual agents. Eye-tracking technologies now enable creating non-invasive gaze-contingent systems that empower the user with the ability to lead a virtual human's focus of attention in real-time. Although gaze control can be deliberate, most of our visual behaviors in everyday life are not. This article reports empirical data suggesting that users only have partial awareness of controlling gaze-contingent displays. The technical challenges induced by detecting the user's focus of attention in virtual reality are reviewed and several solutions are compared. We designed and tested a platform for creating virtual humans endowed with the ability to follow the user's attention. The article discusses the advantages of simulating joint attention for improving interpersonal skills and user engagement. Joint attention plays a major role in the development of autism. The platform we designed is intended for research and treatment of autism and tests included participants with this disorder. C1 [Courgeon, Matthieu] Univ Bretagne Sud, Lab STICC, F-29238 Brest 3, France. [Rautureau, Gilles] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Emot Ctr, CNRS, USR 3246, F-75651 Paris, France. [Martin, Jean-Claude] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LIMSI, F-91403 Orsay, France. [Grynszpan, Ouriel] Univ Paris 06, Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Emot Ctr, CNRS USR 3246, F-75651 Paris, France. RP Courgeon, M (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Sud, Lab STICC, F-29238 Brest 3, France. EM courgeon@gmail.com; gilles.rautureau@upmc.fr; martin@limsi.fr; ouriel.grynszpan@upmc.fr FU La Fondation Orange [71/2012]; La Fondation de France et La Fondation Adrienne et Pierre Sommer [2007 005874]; L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR 12 SAMA 011 01] FX The authors wish to thank Rachel Dupuis and Aliye Karasu for experimental assistance. We are very grateful to Jacqueline Nadel for her advices in experimental design. This work was supported by grants from La Fondation Orange (project #71/2012, coordinator: O. Grynszpan), La Fondation de France et La Fondation Adrienne et Pierre Sommer (project #2007 005874, coordinator: O. Grynszpan) and L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project #ANR 12 SAMA 011 01, coordinator: P. Fossati). The corresponding author is Ouriel Grynszpan (ouriel.grynszpan@upmc.fr). 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000024 PG 6 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AT6CX UT WOS:000345027700002 ER PT J AU Shopen, R AF Shopen, Roey TI The Case for Private Speech As a Mode of Self-Formation What Its Absence Contributes to Understanding Autism SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; private speech; self ID THEORY-OF-MIND; SPECTRUM DISORDER; INNER SPEECH; CHILDREN; MEMORY; RECOGNITION; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; DIFFICULTY; TASK AB Private speech is common among 3- to 7-year-olds but rare among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Thus far, this phenomenon has only been studied in narrow cognitive contexts. This article presents a case for why the phenomenon of private speech is essential for the development of self and subjectivity and for why an analysis of private speech from this standpoint will enable a better and broader understanding of difficulties in the experience of self among individuals with ASD. The article discusses the importance of the concept of the self for development and presents evidence of limited concepts of self in autism. Furthermore, it surveys theories on the development of components essential to the development of the self (e.g., self-dialogue, inner speech). Finally, the article lays out a model for how to think about private speech in a broader framework related to individuals with ASD. C1 Schneider Childrens Hosp, Psychol Med Mental Hlth Clin, IL-645321 Petah Tiqwa, Israel. RP Shopen, R (reprint author), Schneider Childrens Hosp, Psychol Med Mental Hlth Clin, IL-645321 Petah Tiqwa, Israel. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 240 EP 251 DI 10.1097/TLD.0000000000000023 PG 12 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AT6CX UT WOS:000345027700006 ER PT J AU Timler, GR Boone, WJ Bergmann, AA AF Timler, Geralyn R. Boone, William J. Bergmann, Amelia A. TI Development of the Conversation Participation Rating Scale Intervention Planning Implications for Two School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; conversation participation; school-age children; social (pragmatic) communication disorders; WHO-ICF ID SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE; SOCIAL-SKILLS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SELF; ADOLESCENTS; PERCEPTIONS; QUALITY; ANXIETY AB Purpose: School-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have pervasive challenges in social interactions with peers. This study examined the feasibility of eliciting children's perceptions of their conversation participation with peers for the purposes of assessment and intervention planning. Methods: Two school-age children with ASD completed a newly developed self-report measure, the Conversation Participation Rating Scale (CPRS), designed for children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 16 years, with social communication and peer interaction difficulties. Descriptive analyses examined agreement and discrepancy among child self-report, parent report, and standardized social language tests. Results: Both children provided a range of responses on the CPRS, revealing participation strengths as well as awareness of specific activity limitations and participation restrictions. Both children scored within the normal range on a social language test, even though parent report measures revealed significant concerns with pragmatic language and social skills. Discussion: The CPRS results contributed unique information to the assessment process. These results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of using a self-report conversation participation measure as a method for obtaining children's unique perspective of social communication activities and challenges in school settings. C1 [Timler, Geralyn R.; Bergmann, Amelia A.] Miami Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Boone, William J.] Miami Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Timler, GR (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, 2 Bachelor Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. 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Children with autism spectrum behavior exhibit apparent cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Cerebellar transcriptome changes seen in the murine prenatal valproate exposure model of autism include all of the proteins known to constitute the p75NTR interactome. p75NTR is a modulator of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox potential, and others have suggested that aberrant response to oxidant stress has a major role in the pathogenesis of autism. We have created Purkinje cell-selective p75NTR knockout mice that are the progeny of hemizygous Cre-Purkinje cell protein 2 C57Bl mice and p75NTR floxed C57Bl mice. These Cre-loxP mice exhibit complete knockout of p75NTR in similar to 50% of the cerebellar Purkinje cells. Relative to Cre-only mice and wild-type C57Bl mice, this results in a behavioral phenotype characterized by less allogrooming of (P < 0.05; one-way analysis of variance) and socialization or fighting with (each P < 0.05) other mice; less (1.2-fold) non-ambulatory exploration of their environment than wild-type (P < 0.01) or Cre only (P < 0.01) mice; and almost twofold more stereotyped jumping behavior than wild-type (P < 0.05) or Cre (P < 0.02) mice of the same strain. Wild-type mice have more complex dendritic arborization than Cre-loxP mice, with more neurites per unit area (P < 0.025, Student's t-test), more perpendicular branches per unit area (P < 0.025) and more short branches/long neurite (P < 0.0005). Aberrant developmental regulation of expression of p75NTR in cerebellar Purkinje cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism. C1 [Lotta, L. T.; Conrad, K.; Cory-Slechta, D.; Schor, N. F.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Schor, NF (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave,POB 777, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Nina_Schor@urmc.rochester.edu FU William H. Eilinger Endowment of the Golisano Children's Hospital at the University of Rochester Medical Center; Strong Children's Research Center Pilot Grant; NIH FX We are grateful to Vesa Kaartinen for providing the p75NTR-floxed founder mice for these studies and to Robert H Schor and Simeng Wang for assistance with preparation of the figures. We also thank Christopher Stodgell for pointing out the relationship between the p75NTR interactome and the valproate model transcriptome. These studies were funded by the William H. Eilinger Endowment of the Golisano Children's Hospital at the University of Rochester Medical Center and by a Strong Children's Research Center Pilot Grant. NFS and DC-S have been funded by the NIH. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 4 AR e415 DI 10.1038/tp.2014.32 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AT3HP UT WOS:000344826700012 PM 25072320 ER PT J AU Luke, S Vail, CO Ayres, KM AF Luke, Sara Vail, Cynthia O. Ayres, Kevin M. TI Using Antecedent Physical Activity to Increase On-Task Behavior in Young Children SO EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID SELF-STIMULATORY BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIORS; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; EXERCISE; AUTISM; CLASSROOM; COGNITION; RECESS AB A withdrawal design was used to investigate how physical activity affects on-task behavior of young children with significant developmental delays in a special education preschool classroom. Five preschool age children with significant developmental delays engaged in either physical activity or seated center activities for 20 min prior to a 15-min teacher-directed group activity. Momentary time sampling was used to calculate the percentage of intervals the participants were on-task using 15-s intervals. Results indicated all of the participants' on-task behavior was higher during the physical activity condition. These findings suggest physical activity may be used as a proactive behavioral intervention to improve the on-task behavior of young children with significant developmental delays during teacher-directed group activities. C1 [Luke, Sara; Vail, Cynthia O.; Ayres, Kevin M.] Univ Georgia, Loganville, GA 30052 USA. RP Luke, S (reprint author), Univ Georgia, POB 1447, Loganville, GA 30052 USA. EM slukee@uga.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BACHMAN JE, 1988, RES DEV DISABIL, V9, P73, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(88)90021-2 BACHMAN JE, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P477, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-477 Brown WH, 2009, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V31, P126, DOI 10.1177/1053815109331858 BUSHELL D, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P55, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-55 Carr E. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 80 IS 4 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1177/0014402914527241 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AR9YZ UT WOS:000343934900008 ER PT J AU Davidson, C AF Davidson, Colette TI Management of autism in France: "a huge job to be done" SO LANCET PSYCHIATRY LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2215-0374 J9 LANCET PSYCHIAT JI Lancet Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2014 VL 1 IS 2 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AR6OP UT WOS:000343703200017 ER PT J AU Cassidy, S Bradley, P Robinson, J Allison, C McHugh, M Baron-Cohen, S AF Cassidy, Sarah Bradley, Paul Robinson, Janine Allison, Carrie McHugh, Meghan Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with Asperger's syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: a clinical cohort study SO LANCET PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; INDIVIDUALS; QUOTIENT; CHILDREN AB Background Asperger's syndrome in adulthood is frequently associated with depression, but few studies have explored the lifetime experience of self-reported suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in this clinical group. We aimed to assess this prevalence in a clinical cohort of patients in the UK. Method In a clinical cohort study, we undertook a retrospective analysis of clinical survey data from adults newly diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome at a specialist diagnostic clinic between Jan 23, 2004, and July 8, 2013, in England. Patients completed a self-report questionnaire before clinical assessment, recording lifetime experience of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide plans or attempts, along with self-reported measures of autistic traits and empathy. We compared the rate of suicidal ideation in the sample with published rates of suicidal ideation in the general population and other clinical groups. We also assessed associations between depression, autistic traits, empathy, and likelihood of suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts. Findings 374 adults (256 men and 118 women) were diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome in the study period. 243 (66%) of 367 respondents self-reported suicidal ideation, 127 (35%) of 365 respondents self-reported plans or attempts at suicide, and 116 (31%) of 368 respondents self-reported depression. Adults with Asperger's syndrome were significantly more likely to report lifetime experience of suicidal ideation than were individuals from a general UK population sample (odds ratio 9.6 [95% CI 7.6-11.9], p < 0.0001), people with one, two, or more medical illnesses (p < 0. 0001), or people with psychotic illness (p = 0.019). Compared with people diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome without depression, people with Asperger's syndrome and depression were more likely to report suicidal ideation (p < 0.0001) and suicide plans or attempts (p < 0.0001). Interpretation Our findings lend support to anecdotal reports of increased rates of suicidal ideation in adults with Asperger's syndrome, and depression as an important potential risk factor for suicidality in adults with this condition. Because adults with Asperger's syndrome often have many risk factors for secondary depression (eg, social isolation or exclusion, and unemployment), our findings emphasise the need for appropriate service planning and support to reduce risk in this clinical group. Copyright (C) Cassidy et al. C1 [Cassidy, Sarah; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Bradley, Paul; Robinson, Janine; McHugh, Meghan; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, CLASS Clin, Cambridge, England. RP Cassidy, S (reprint author), Coventry Univ, Ctr Res Psychol Behav & Achievement, Coventry CV1 5FB, W Midlands, England. EM sarah.cassidy@coventry.ac.uk FU Three Guineas Trust; Baily Thomas Foundation; Medical Research Council; NIHR-CLAHRC-EoE; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT); Autism Research Trust FX The Three Guineas Trust, the Baily Thomas Foundation, the Medical Research Council, NIHR-CLAHRC-EoE, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), and the Autism Research Trust. 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Stephan, Klaas Enno Montague, Read Dolan, Raymond J. TI Computational psychiatry: the brain as a phantastic organ SO LANCET PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; DECISION-MAKING; ACTIVE INFERENCE; FREE-ENERGY; SENSORY PREDICTION; BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL; COGNITIVE SCIENCE; ACTION SELECTION; SITUATED AGENTS; VISUAL-CORTEX AB In this Review, we discuss advances in computational neuroscience that relate to psychiatry. We review computational psychiatry in terms of the ambitions of investigators, emerging domains of application, and future work. Our focus is on theoretical formulations of brain function that put subjective beliefs and behaviour within formal (computational) frameworks-frameworks that can be grounded in neurophysiology down to the level of synaptic mechanisms. Understanding the principles that underlie the brain's functional architecture might be essential for an informed phenotyping of psychopathology in terms of its pathophysiological underpinnings. 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The funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. 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Bellini, Scott Markoff, Kimberly TI Video Self-Modeling: A Promising Strategy for Noncompliant Children SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE behavior; noncompliant children; intervention; video self-modeling ID PEER INTERACTIONS; CLASSROOM-BEHAVIOR; FEEDBACK; STUDENTS; INTERVENTIONS; DISORDERS; AUTISM AB The current study investigated the effects of a Video Self-Modeling (VSM) intervention on the compliance and aggressive behavior of three children placed in a psychiatric hospital. Each participant viewed brief video clips of himself following simple adult instructions just prior to the school's morning session and the unit's afternoon free period. A multiple baseline design across settings was used to evaluate the effects of the VSM intervention on compliance with staff instructions and aggressive behavior on the hospital unit and in the hospital-based classroom. All three participants exhibited higher levels of compliance and fewer aggressive episodes during the intervention condition, and the effects were generally maintained when the intervention was withdrawn. Hospital staff reported at the conclusion of the study that the VSM intervention was easy to implement and beneficial for all participants. Taken altogether, the results suggest VSM is a promising, socially acceptable, and proactive intervention approach for improving the behavior of noncompliant children. C1 [Axelrod, Michael I.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Human Dev, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Axelrod, Michael I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Bellini, Scott] Indiana Univ, Sch Psychol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Bellini, Scott] Indiana Univ, Social Skill Res Clin, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Markoff, Kimberly] Indiana Univ, Sch Psychol Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. 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PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 208 EP 210 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AQ0KQ UT WOS:000342472600012 PM 25170321 ER PT J AU Bronson, SL Bale, TL AF Bronson, Stefanie L. Bale, Tracy L. TI Prenatal Stress-Induced Increases in Placental Inflammation and Offspring Hyperactivity Are Male-Specific and Ameliorated by Maternal Antiinflammatory Treatment SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; RECEPTOR-BINDING; GENE-EXPRESSION; FETAL-BRAIN AB Adverse experiences during gestation such as maternal stress and infection are known risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The mechanisms by which these distinct exposures may confer similar psychiatric vulnerability remain unclear, although likely involve pathways common to both stress and immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface. We hypothesized that maternal stress-induced activation of immune pathways within the placenta, the sex-specific maternal-fetal intermediary, may contribute to prenatal stress programming effects on the offspring. Therefore, we assessed for markers indicative of stress-induced placental inflammation, and examined the ability of maternal nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment to ameliorate placental effects and thereby rescue the stress-dysregulation phenotype observed in our established mouse model of early prenatal stress (EPS). As expected, placental gene expression analyses revealed increased levels of immune response genes, including the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 beta, specifically in male placentas. NSAID treatment partially ameliorated these EPS effects. Similarly, in adult offspring, males displayed stress-induced locomotor hyperactivity, a hallmark of dopaminergic dysregulation, which was ameliorated by maternal NSAID treatment. Fitting with these outcomes and supportive of dopamine pathway involvement, expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors was altered by EPS in males. These studies support an important interaction between maternal stress and a proinflammatory state in the long-term programming effects of maternal stress. C1 [Bronson, Stefanie L.; Bale, Tracy L.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bale, TL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM tbale@vet.upenn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [MH087597, MH091258] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants MH087597 and MH091258. 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TI Caregivers Who Refuse Preventive Care for Their Children: The Relationship Between Immunization and Topical Fluoride Refusal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION; PERSONAL-BELIEF EXEMPTIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HEALTH SUPERVISION VISITS; LOW-INCOME CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; DECISION-MAKING; UNITED-STATES; ORAL-HEALTH AB Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine caregivers' refusal of preventive medical and dental care for children. Methods. Prevalence rates of topical fluoride refusal based on dental records and caregiver self-reports were estimated for children treated in 3 dental clinics in Washington State. A 60-item survey was administered to 1024 caregivers to evaluate the association between immunization and topical fluoride refusal. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs). Results. The prevalence of topical fluoride refusal was 4.9% according to dental records and 12.7% according to caregiver self-reports. The rate of immunization refusal was 27.4%. In the regression models, immunization refusalwas significantly associated with topical fluoride refusal (dental record PRR = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32, 1.96; P < .001; caregiver self-report PRR = 6.20; 95% CI = 3.21, 11.98; P < .001). Caregivers younger than 35 years were significantly more likely than older caregivers to refuse both immunizations and topical fluoride (P < .05). Conclusions. Caregiver refusal of immunizations is associated with topical fluoride refusal. Future research should identify the behavioral and social factors related to caregiver refusal of preventive care with the goal of developing multidisciplinary strategies to help caregivers make optimal preventive care decisions for children. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chi, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Sci, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dchi@uw.edu FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health [K08DE020856, L60MD003921, R03DE021439, U54DE019346]; University of Washington Institute for Translational Health Sciences [UL1RR025014]; William T. Grant Foundation Scholars Program FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health (grants K08DE020856, L60MD003921, R03DE021439, and U54DE019346), the University of Washington Institute for Translational Health Sciences (grant UL1RR025014), and the William T. Grant Foundation Scholars Program. 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J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2014 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301927 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AP1EM UT WOS:000341809500051 PM 24832428 ER PT J AU Williams, KE Hendy, HM AF Williams, Keith E. Hendy, Helen M. TI Variables Associated With the Use of Complete Oral Calorie Supplements in Children With Feeding Problems SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE supplements; child; developmental disability; feeding problems; underweight; overweight; parent; meal ID MEALTIME ACTION SCALE; DISABILITIES; BEHAVIOR AB Objective: To examine child and parent variables associated with complete oral calorie supplement use among children with feeding problems. Design: Correlational examination of data from patient intake surveys. Setting: Hospital-based feeding program. Participants: Participants included 281 parents of children referred to a hospital-based feeding clinic, including 114 who received supplements (70.2% boys; mean age, 60.1 months) and 167 who did not receive (79.6% boys; mean age, 67.5 months). Variables Measured: Children's age, gender, weight status, diagnostic category (no special needs, autism, or other special needs), supplement intake, oral motor problems, child mealtime behavior (using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire), parent feeding practices (using the Parent Mealtime Action Scale), and diet variety for child and parent. Analysis: Chi-square analyses compared children who did and did not receive supplements for their percentage of gender, diagnostic, and weight status categories; t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests compared children who did and did not receive supplements, for age, oral motor problems, children's mealtime behavior, parent feeding practices, and diet variety. Results: Compared with children who did not receive nutritional supplements, those who did were younger (P < .01) and more underweight (P < .001), and showed less Food Responsiveness (P < .001), less Food Enjoyment (P < .001), more Food Satiety (P < .001, and more Slow Eating (P < .001), and their parents were more likely to use Insistence on Eating (P < .001). Conclusions: Whereas supplement use was related to underweight, 78.2% of children receiving them were normal weight or overweight, which suggests that supplements are being used to address mealtime selective eating. The use of supplements should be considered carefully because they do not appear to increase diet variety and may increase the chance of overweight over time. C1 [Williams, Keith E.] Penn State Hershey Med Ctr, Feeding Program, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Hendy, Helen M.] Penn State Univ, Psychol Program, Schuylkill Haven, PA USA. 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Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 46 IS 4 BP 236 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.01.003 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA AP5RB UT WOS:000342135300004 PM 24629907 ER PT J AU Kanemura, H Sano, F Ohyama, T Sugita, K Aihara, M AF Kanemura, Hideaki Sano, Fumikazu Ohyama, Tetsuo Sugita, Kanji Aihara, Masao TI Effect of levetiracetam on behavioral problems in pervasive developmental disorder children with epilepsy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Levetiracetam; Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD); Refractory epilepsy; EEG paroxysmal abnormalities; Behavior; Frontal ID INTERICTAL EPILEPTIFORM DISCHARGES; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; EEG ABNORMALITIES; FOLLOW-UP; EFFICACY; SPIKES; FREQUENCY; SEIZURES AB Aims: We investigated the relationship between behavioral problems, location of electroencephalogram (EEG) paroxysmal abnormalities (PA), and treatment with levetiracetam in children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and epilepsy. Methods: Twelve PDD children with epilepsy were included in the study. All patients had EEG PA (frontal spikes, 8; rolandic, 3; generalized, 1). After a 3-month baseline period, patients were given levetiracetam with an initial dose of 10 mg/kg/day for the first week, followed by increments of 5 mg/kg/day every week. Levetiracetam dosage was then adjusted up to a maximum of 60 mg/kg/day. EEG recordings were performed every 3 months, focusing on PA frequency. We counted the frequency of seizures and EEG PA, and scored instances of panic/aggressive behaviors. Results: Eight (66.7%) of the 12 patients were considered to be responders to clinical seizures and EEG findings (>= 50% reduction in both seizures and PA frequency). Six (75%) of these eight patients were considered to be responders for behavioral problems (>= 50% reduction in panic/aggressive behavior). These six patients had frontal EEG paroxysms, whereas the remaining two patients without behavioral responses had rolandic EEG paroxysms. Patients with frontal PA showed a significantly higher correlation between EEG/clinical seizures and behavioral improvements (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present data indicated the usefulness of LEV in reducing behavioral problems related to the reduction of seizures and frontal spikes in PDD for some but not all of the patients. Thus, levetiracetam represents an important addition to treatment for PDD children with epilepsy presenting with frontal EEG paroxysms. (C) 2014 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kanemura, Hideaki; Sano, Fumikazu; Ohyama, Tetsuo; Sugita, Kanji] Univ Yamanashi, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Kofu, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan. [Aihara, Masao] Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Kofu, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan. RP Kanemura, H (reprint author), Univ Yamanashi, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Chuo Ku, Kofu, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan. 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J. Paediatr. Neurol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 4 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.03.007 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA AL0OA UT WOS:000338825000005 PM 24703761 ER PT J AU Banji, D Banji, OJF Ragini, M Annamalai, AR AF Banji, David Banji, Otilia J. F. Ragini, M. Annamalai, A. R. TI Carbosulfan exposure during embryonic period can cause developmental disability in rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbosulfan; Embryonic period; Behavior; Acetylcholinesterase; Oxidative stress ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; PESTICIDES; ECOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; CEREBELLUM; CARBOFURAN; REDUCTASE; SYSTEM; AUTISM; BRAIN AB Carbosulfan, a wide spectrum pesticide is used to improve crop productivity. During their application, they disperse in the environment exerting harmful consequences on human health. We speculated that exposure to carbosulfan, a carbamate insecticide during early development can affect neurogenesis and synaptic development. In order to test this, pregnant dams were exposed to carbosulfan in four doses (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) during the embryonic period (ED 1-15). Offspring were evaluated for neurobehavioral changes, oxidative markers, acetylcholinesterase levels, and formation of carbonylated proteins. Histopathology of the cerebellum was carried out. Carbosulfan exposure produced alteration in sensorimotor tasks, motor function and elevated anxiety in pups. Carbosulfan affected growth rate of pups in a dose dependent manner. A significant increase in melondialdehyde, a lipid peroxide marker, carbonylated proteins and a dose dependent decrease in the levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were observed. Carbosulfan produced a decline in acetylcholinesterase levels which might contribute to poor exploratory behavior. Distinct changes in the Purkinje cells were observed as the dose of carbosulfan increased. Largely, alteration in behavior can be due to oxidative damage, thereby, affecting neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and myelination. Therefore the propensity of carbosulfan to induce developmental disability is high and should be cautiously avoided during embryonic development. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Banji, David; Banji, Otilia J. F.; Ragini, M.] Nalanda Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Nalgonda 508001, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Annamalai, A. R.] Annamalai Univ, Rajah Muthiah Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Banji, D (reprint author), Nalanda Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Hyderabad Rd, Nalgonda 508001, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM davidbanji@gmail.com FU Nalanda Educational Society, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India [NES/55/RG/2012] FX The authors express their gratitude to Nalanda Educational Society, grant number is NES/55/RG/2012 dated 15-11-2012, Nalgonda 508001, Andhra Pradesh, India for providing financial support and facilities for carrying out this work. 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Abbeduto, Leonard Meulenbroek, Peter TI Social Cognition in Adolescent Girls With Fragile X Syndrome SO AJIDD-AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE social cognition; fragile X syndrome; executive function; social outcome; adolescent ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; THEORY-OF-MIND; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; TURNER-SYNDROME; SELF-CONCEPT; EYES TEST AB This study aimed to characterize social cognition, executive functions (EFs), and everyday social functioning in adolescent girls with fragile X syndrome, and identify relationships among these variables. Participants were 20 girls with FXS and 20 age-matched typically developing peers. Results showed significant between-groups differences in social cognition, accounted for by differences in IQ and language. Within the FXS group, IQ and language were related to social cognition; parent-reported social functioning was related to language and EFs; and self-reported social functioning was generally good and not related to cognitive or social cognition variables. Results suggest that intervention might focus on managing language and cognitive contributions to social functioning, rather than social cognition, and underscore the importance of considering parent and adolescent perspectives. C1 [Turkstra, Lyn S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Meulenbroek, Peter] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Turkstra, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 1975 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lsturkstra@wisc.edu CR Achenbach T. 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The present study combined a cross-sectional and longitudinal approach to examine SBDs in 180 young children aged 4-48 months recruited through mass screening, then receiving an interdisciplinary evaluation and sixmonth follow-ups for one year. Twelve potential risk factors related to SBDs were examined. Eight of these risk factors, including age, gender, diagnosis, intellectual and communication levels, visual impairment, parent education, family income, were differentially related to scores for Aggression, SIB, and Stereotyped Behavior subscales on the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) at initial interdisciplinary evaluation. BPI-01 scores decreased over the year for 57% of the children and increased for 43%. The amount of decrease on each BPI-01 subscale varied with age, gender, and diagnosis. C1 [Schroeder, Stephen R.; LeBlanc, Judith] Univ Kansas, Life Span Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Marquis, Janet G.; Reese, R. Matthew; Brady, Nancy] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 351 EP 370 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-119.4.351 PG 20 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AO3XP UT WOS:000341270900005 PM 25007299 ER PT J AU Conill, E Stilgenbauer, JL Mouren, MC Gousse, V AF Conill, Elodie Stilgenbauer, Jean-Louis Mouren, Marie-Christine Gousse, Veronique TI Role of cognitive flexibility in the recognition of emotional expressions in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES LA French DT Article DE Autism; Cognitive function; Emotion; Expression of emotion; Flexibility ID CHILDREN; MIND; FACES AB The present research tested whether young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) shows impaired recognition of basic-emotion expressions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness, disgust) and the same emotions embedded in a social background (i.e. simple versus complex facial emotion recognition), compared with typically developing (TD) children. Moreover, we investigated whether cognitive flexibility could be linked with these faces processing skills. Our results showed that performance in ASD children was similar to the group of TD children for simple emotion recognition whereas TD children outperformed ASDs children in the complex task. In the second part, our study tends to confirm a link between cognitive flexibility and faces processing skills in children with ASD, especially when different contextual cues are present to extract facial emotion. We confirm previous findings demonstrating that individuals with ASDs use an effortful "systematizing" process to recognize emotion expressions, whereas TD individuals use a more holistic process. These results are discussed within the context of current neuropsychological studies on "weak central coherence", hyper-systemizing theory, and lack of cognitive flexibility in ASD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Conill, Elodie] Univ Paris 08, Inst Enseignement Distance, F-93526 St Denis, France. [Gousse, Veronique] Univ Nimes, LPS EA 849, F-13621 Aix En Provence, France. [Stilgenbauer, Jean-Louis] Univ Paris 08, Lab Chart, EA 4004, F-75014 Paris, France. [Stilgenbauer, Jean-Louis] EPHE, F-75014 Paris, France. [Mouren, Marie-Christine] Hop Robert Debre, Serv Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, F-75019 Paris, France. RP Conill, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 08, Inst Enseignement Distance, F-93526 St Denis, France. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 172 IS 5 BP 392 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.amp.2014.05.005 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology GA AO2DF UT WOS:000341125000014 ER PT J AU McCullough, E Stedmon, J Dallos, R AF McCullough, Elaine Stedmon, Jacqui Dallos, Rudi TI Narrative responses as an aid to understanding the presentation of maltreated children who meet criteria for autistic spectrum disorder and reactive attachment disorder: A case series study SO CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autistic spectrum disorder; qualitative research; mentalisation; Story Stems; attachment; theory of mind ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FALSE-BELIEF; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; MENTAL-HEALTH; NORMAL ADULTS; RIGHT BRAIN; MIND; EMOTION; LANGUAGE AB This paper offers research case studies of four severely maltreated children who had received a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder. A range of measures were employed to explore the children's psychological and emotional functioning, including Theory of Mind assessment (Sally-Anne Test), attachment measures (Story Stems Assessment Profile and Relationship Problems Questionnaire), along with measures to assess general psychological and emotional well-being. Contrary to the diagnosis, the children did not reveal a theory of mind deficit. However, they did indicate a profile of difficulties in mentalisation on the Story Stems. The findings are discussed in terms of the extent to which mentalisation and theory of mind are influenced by situational factors, especially the anxiety evoked by the Story Stem attachment scenarios. Clinical implications regarding mentalisation as a state vs. trait phenomenon are discussed. C1 [McCullough, Elaine; Stedmon, Jacqui; Dallos, Rudi] Univ Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. 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TI ADHD and personality: A meta-analytic review SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Meta-analysis; ADHD; Inattention; Hyperactivity; Personality; Five-Factor Model ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LATENT STRUCTURE; KOREAN CHILDREN; 5-FACTOR MODEL; PATHWAY MODEL; EFFECT SIZE; TEMPERAMENT; CHARACTER AB We report a meta-analysis of up to 40 data sets that examined the personality dimensions in the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and the integrated Five-Factor Model (IFFM) in relation to ADHD symptom domains of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). The IFFM incorporated the dimensions of other personality models (in particular, those of Eysenck, Tellegen, and Cloninger, as well as the FFM). Major findings were: (1) IA and HI were both associated with low conscientious inhibition/conscientiousness, and low agreeable inhibition/agreeableness, and with high negative emotionality/neurotidsm; (2) conscientious inhibition and conscientiousness were more strongly related to IA than HI; (3) agreeable inhibition and agreeableness were more strongly related to HI than IA; and (4) the association of conscientious inhibition and conscientiousness with HI was moderated by age group and source from where participants were recruited (associations were stronger in children than adults, and clinical samples than community samples). These findings are discussed in relation to single and multiple pathway theories, underlying factors and processes for the personality-ADHD link, and clinical implications. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gomez, Rapson] Federat Univ, Ballarat, Vic 3353, Australia. [Corr, Philip J.] City Univ London, London, England. 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Bilim PD JUL PY 2014 VL 39 IS 174 BP 91 EP 104 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA AO1GA UT WOS:000341059400008 ER PT J AU Kothare, SV Singh, K Hochman, T Chalifoux, JR Staley, BA Weiner, HL Menzer, K Devinsky, O AF Kothare, Sanjeev V. Singh, Kanwaljit Hochman, Tsivia Chalifoux, Jason R. Staley, Brigid A. Weiner, Howard L. Menzer, Kimberly Devinsky, Orrin TI Genotype/phenotype in tuberous sclerosis complex: Associations with clinical and radiologic manifestations SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Tuberous sclerosis complex; Epilepsy; Autism spectrum disorders ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GIANT-CELL TUMORS; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY AB Objectives: Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) frequently have autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) have been reported to occur in 5-20% of patients with TSC; however, the relationship between SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders in TSC remains unknown. We utilized a large multicenter database to study associations between SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with TSC. Methods: Associations between the presence of SEGAs and neuropsychiatric disorders were examined in a retrospective review of 916 patients enrolled in the TSC Natural History Database Project (Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance). Results: Among the 916 TSC patients, 226 had SEGAs (25%) and 155 had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (17%). Compared to patients without SEGAs, patients with SEGAs were 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.66) times more likely to have ASD. No significant relationship was found between SEGAs and intellectual disability, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, or major depressive disorder. Significance: The clinical presentation of TSC is highly variable and not well understood. These data show that SEGAs are associated with ASD in patients with TSC, suggesting that the pathologic changes leading to SEGA formation may also predispose patients to ASD. C1 [Kothare, Sanjeev V.; Chalifoux, Jason R.; Weiner, Howard L.; Menzer, Kimberly; Devinsky, Orrin] NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Singh, Kanwaljit] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Clin Neurophysiol,Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Singh, Kanwaljit] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Lurie Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Hochman, Tsivia] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, Div Biostat, New York, NY USA. [Staley, Brigid A.; Weiner, Howard L.] NYU, Dept Neurosurg, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Kothare, SV (reprint author), NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM sanjeev.kothare@nyumc.org CR Adriaensen MEAPM, 2009, EUR J NEUROL, V16, P691, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02567.x Asano E, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V57, P1269 Baio J, 2012, PREVALENCE AUTISM SP, V14 Bolton PF, 2002, BRAIN, V125, P1247, DOI 10.1093/brain/awf124 Bolton PF, 1997, LANCET, V349, P392, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80012-8 Chu-Shore CJ, 2009, NEUROLOGY, V72, P1165, DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345365.92821.86 Chu-Shore CJ, 2010, EPILEPSIA, V51, P1236, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02474.x Crino PB, 2006, NEW ENGL J MED, V355, P1345, DOI 10.1056/NEJMra055323 de Vries PJ, 2007, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V16, P16, DOI 10.1007/s00787-006-0570-3 Eluvathingal TJ, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P846, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00192 Goh S, 2004, NEUROLOGY, V63, P1457 Goh S, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V65, P235, DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000168908.78118.99 Holmes GL, 2006, EPILEPSY BEHAV, V8, P504, DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.11.014 ILAE, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V30, P389 Jeste SS, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P520, DOI 10.1177/0883073807309788 Khan S, 2013, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V110, P3107, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1214533110 BANCAUD J, 1981, EPILEPSIA, V22, P489 Numis AL, 2011, NEUROLOGY, V76, P981, DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182104347 Webb DW, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P146 Wong V, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P199, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00046 Zhou JL, 2007, EPILEPSIA, V48, P720, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00972.x NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-9580 EI 1528-1167 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JUL PY 2014 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1020 EP 1024 DI 10.1111/epi.12627 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN4YI UT WOS:000340595500015 PM 24754401 ER PT J AU Kothare, SV Singh, K Chalifoux, JR Staley, BA Weiner, HL Menzer, K Devinsky, O AF Kothare, Sanjeev V. Singh, Kanwaljit Chalifoux, Jason R. Staley, Brigid A. Weiner, Howard L. Menzer, Kimberly Devinsky, Orrin TI Severity of manifestations in tuberous sclerosis complex in relation to genotype SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Tuberous sclerosis complex; Epilepsy; TSC mutations ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENE-PRODUCTS; TSC2 GENE; EPILEPSY; HAMARTIN; MUTATIONS AB Objective: Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) commonly present with significant neurologic deficits, including seizures, autism, and intellectual disability. Previous evidence suggests that the TSC2 mutation genotype may be associated with a more severe disease phenotype. This study evaluates the association of the TSC1 and TSC2 genotype with patient and disease characteristics in a retrospective review of a large TSC Natural History Database consisting of 919 patients with TSC. Methods: Univariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of the TSC1 and TSC2 gene mutations with patient and disease characteristics. Results: As compared to patients with the TSC1 mutation, patients with the TSC2 mutation were younger (p = 0.02), more likely to have partial epilepsy (odds ratio (OR) 1.74, p = 0.0015), complex partial seizures (OR 2.03, p = 0.02), infantile spasms (IS) (OR 1.67, p = 0.01), subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) (OR 1.64, p = 0.01), and intellectual disability (OR 2.90, p = 0.0002). Significance: The clinical presentation of TSC is highly variable and not well understood. Our findings confirm and supplement existing literature that TSC2 mutation is likely to be associated with a more severe, earlier presenting TSC phenotype, including infantile spasms. C1 [Kothare, Sanjeev V.; Singh, Kanwaljit; Chalifoux, Jason R.; Weiner, Howard L.; Menzer, Kimberly; Devinsky, Orrin] NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Singh, Kanwaljit] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Neurol, Worcester, MA USA. [Staley, Brigid A.; Weiner, Howard L.] NYU, Dept Neurosurg, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Kothare, SV (reprint author), NYU, Dept Neurol, Langone Med Ctr, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM Sanjeev.Kothare@nyumc.org CR Au Kit Sing, 2007, Genet Med, V9, P88, DOI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31803068c7 Berg AT, 2012, EPILEPSY BEHAV, V23, P193, DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.015 Chu-Shore CJ, 2010, EPILEPSIA, V51, P1236, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02474.x Crino PB, 2006, NEW ENGL J MED, V355, P1345, DOI 10.1056/NEJMra055323 Dabora SL, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V68, P64, DOI 10.1086/316951 Goh S, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V65, P235, DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000168908.78118.99 Gutmann DH, 2000, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V99, P223 ILAE, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V30, P389 Jansen FE, 2008, NEUROLOGY, V70, P908, DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000280578.99900.96 Jones AC, 1997, HUM MOL GENET, V6, P2155, DOI 10.1093/hmg/6.12.2155 BANCAUD J, 1981, EPILEPSIA, V22, P489 Maheshwar MM, 1997, HUM MOL GENET, V6, P1991, DOI 10.1093/hmg/6.11.1991 Numis AL, 2011, NEUROLOGY, V76, P981, DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182104347 Plank TL, 1998, CANCER RES, V58, P4766 Spence SJ, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, P599, DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7168 Tuchman R, 2010, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V32, P709, DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2010.04.008 van Slegtenhorst M, 1998, HUM MOL GENET, V7, P1053, DOI 10.1093/hmg/7.6.1053 Webb DW, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P146 Wong V, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P199, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00046 Wu WE, 2013, EPILEPSY BEHAV, V27, P319, DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.02.018 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-9580 EI 1528-1167 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JUL PY 2014 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1025 EP 1029 DI 10.1111/epi.12680 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN4YI UT WOS:000340595500016 PM 24917535 ER PT J AU Beillard-Robert, L AF Beillard-Robert, Ludivine TI A distinction between the influencing machine and the autistic object SO EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE LA French DT Article DE Psychoanalysis; Autism; Psychosis; Psychic structure; Delirium; Mechanism of defense; Theoretical study; Comparative study; Delirium with influence AB While research on autism continues to progress, it is interesting to return to a particular point of view on the conception of Mahler and Elkisch's pathology, including the controversial assumption which was to consider some autistic constructions as preliminary to the development of the 'Influencing Machine'. Consideration of the cas princeps of Tausk, in association with the more detailed Haslam, Porter and Williams, allows a demonstration of the function of these machines within the mental processes of the subjects presented. This subjective work engages the subjects to find the cause of bodily manifestations and hallucinations while delirious. The response is to blame 'Influencing Machines' considered by the subject as driven by an autonomous dynamic system linked to a participating elementary phenomena of psychosis. Gradually the conclusion is reached that there is a machine and this signifies the systematization of psychotic delirium as a result of mental automatism. Different to this, the autistic machine is the result of knowledge that comes from an elaboration trying to compensate for the absence of the symbolic function. While the friends of the psychotic are subject to the same punishment as him, the autistic person is the only one driven by the machines he imagines. Their functioning in connections come to affect the enigma of the body, libidinal function and distinction with the Other. It is a question of created machines, controlled by the autistic person, unlike the delusions of machines by the psychotic subject, where the initiation and execution come from the Other, and which therefore exert an influence on the subject. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Beillard-Robert, Ludivine] Univ Rennes 2, Lab Psychopathol & Clin Psychanalyt EA 40 50, F-35043 Rennes, France. RP Beillard-Robert, L (reprint author), 9Bis, F-35190 Longaulnay, France. EM ludivine.beillard-robert@orange.fr CR Bettelheim B, 1967, FORTERESSE VIDE Grandin T, 1994, MA VIE AUTISTE Haslam J, 1996, POLITIQUEMENT FOU J Hulak F, 2003, PENSEE PSYCHOTIQUE C, P13 Lacan Jacques, 1966, ECRITS Lacan L, 1975, ECRITS TECHNIQUES FR Mahler M, 1953, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V195, P219 Maleval JC, 2009, AUTISTE SA VOIX Maleval JC, 2000, FORCLUSION NOM DU PE Miller JA, 2004, INVENTION PSYCHOTIQU, V80, P6 Mondzain ML, 1969, MANUEL ALPHABETIQUE Soler C, 1990, FEUILLETS COURTIL, V2, P9 Soler C, 1990, SUJECT PSYCHOTIQUE P Tausk V, 2000, CEUVRES PSYCHANALYTI, P177 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0014-3855 EI 1769-6674 J9 EVOL PSYCHIATR JI Evol. Psychiatr. PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 79 IS 3 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.evopsy.2012.09.003 PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AO0EB UT WOS:000340980800012 ER PT J AU Reilly, S Bishop, DVM Tomblin, B AF Reilly, Sheena Bishop, Dorothy V. M. Tomblin, Bruce TI Terminological debate over language impairment in children: forward movement and sticking points SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE diagnosis; DSM-5; labels; terminology; specific language impairment ID NONWORD REPETITION; AUTISM; LITERACY; AGE AB Background: There is no agreed terminology for describing childhood language problems. In this special issue Reilly et al. and Bishop review the history of the most widely used label, 'specific language impairment' (SLI), and discuss the pros and cons of various terms. Commentators from a range of backgrounds, in terms of both discipline and geographical background, were then invited to respond to each lead article. Aims: To summarize the main points made by the commentators and identify (1) points of consensus and disagreement, (2) issues for debate including the drivers for change and diagnostic criteria, and (3) the way forward. Conclusions & Implications: There was some common ground, namely that the current situation is not tenable because it impedes clinical and research progress and impacts on access to services. There were also wide-ranging disagreements about which term should be adopted. However, before debating the broad diagnostic label it is essential to consider the diagnostic criteria and the systems used to classify childhood language problems. This is critical in order to facilitate communication between and among clinicians and researchers, across sectors (in particular health and education), with the media and policy-makers and with families and individuals who have language problems. We suggest four criteria be taken into account when establishing diagnostic criteria, including: (1) the features of language, (2) the impact on functioning and participation, (3) the presence/absence of other impairments, and (4) the language trajectory or pathway and age of onset. In future, these criteria may expand to include the genetic and neural markers for language problems. Finally, there was overarching agreement about the need for an international and multidisciplinary forum to move this debate forward. The purpose would be to develop consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria and diagnostic label for children with language problems. This process should include canvassing the views of families and people with language problems as well as the views of policy-makers. C1 [Reilly, Sheena] Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Reilly, Sheena] Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Bishop, Dorothy V. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. [Tomblin, Bruce] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Reilly, S (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. CR American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, CHILDH APR SPEECH American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007, TECHNICAL REPORT AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF HEALTH AND WELFARE (AIHW), 2003, AUSTR I HLTH WELF AI BAIRD G., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] Batstra L, 2014, ACTA PAEDIATR, V103, P696, DOI 10.1111/apa.12642 Bercow J., 2008, BERCOW REPORT REV SE BISHOP D., 2008, RUTTERS CHILD ADOLES, P32, DOI 10.1002/9781444300895.ch3 Bishop DVM, 2000, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V21, P159, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400002010 Bishop DVM, 2009, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V44, P600, DOI 10.1080/13682820802259662 Bishop DVM, 2004, AM J MED GENET B, V129B, P94, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30065 Bishop DVM, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P391, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01420.x Bishop DVM, 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101 BISHOP DVM, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P105, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0134 BRANAGAN A., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] Brignell A, 2014, INT J SPEECH-LANG PA, V16, P43, DOI 10.3109/17549507.2013.861870 Briscoe J, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P329, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001007041 Broomfield J, 2004, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V39, P303, DOI 10.1080/13682820310001625589 Callard F, 2013, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V347, DOI 10.1136/bmj.f4312 CLARK A., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] Conti-Ramsden G, 2001, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V36, P207, DOI 10.1080/13682820010019883 CONTI-RAMSDEN G., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] Elliott J.G., 2014, DYSLEXIA DEBATE Fletcher JM, 2009, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V15, P501, DOI 10.1017/S1355617709090900 GALLAGHER A., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] Gernsbacher MA, 2005, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V14, P55, DOI 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00334.x GRIST M., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] HANSSON K., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] HUNEKE A., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] Kohnert K, 2010, J COMMUN DISORD, V43, P456, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.02.002 LAUCHLAN F., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] LEONARD L., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] LYNHAM S., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] Natrajan R, 2014, J PATHOL, V232, P553, DOI 10.1002/path.4325 Nicholson J. M., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] NORBURY C. F., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] Rapin I., 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V139, P190 Reilly S., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] REILLY S., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P415 RICE M. L, 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] RUTTER M., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] SNOWLING M. J., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] STRUDWICK M., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] TAYLOR C. L., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P381, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12101, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12101] Tomblin J. B., 2008, UNDERSTANDING DEV LA, P93 Tomblin J. B., 1999, NEURODEVELOPMENTAL D, P361 TOMBLIN J. B., 2014, UNDERSTANDING INDIVI, P79 WALSH R., 2005, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V7, P65, DOI 10.1080/14417040500125285 Williams D, 2008, PSYCHOL BULL, V134, P944, DOI [10.1037/a0013743, 10.1037/0013743] WRIGHT E., 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P416, DOI [10.1111/1460-6984.12102, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12102] Zambrana IM, 2014, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V49, P304, DOI 10.1111/1460-6984.12073 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1368-2822 EI 1460-6984 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 452 EP 462 DI 10.1111/1460-6984.12111 PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AN4ZW UT WOS:000340599700004 PM 25142092 ER PT J AU Greenslade, KJ Coggins, TE AF Greenslade, Kathryn J. Coggins, Truman E. TI Assessing young children's intention-reading in authentic communicative contexts: preliminary evidence and clinical utility SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE assessment; children; intention-reading; social communication ID JOINT ATTENTION; AUTISM; RELIABILITY; MIND; AGE; INVENTORY; LANGUAGE; INFANCY AB Background: Identifying what a communication partner is looking at (referential intention) and why (social intention) is essential to successful social communication, and may be challenging for children with social communication deficits. This study explores a clinical task that assesses these intention-reading abilities within an authentic context. Aims: To gather evidence of the task's reliability and validity, and to discuss its clinical utility. Methods & Procedures: The intention-reading task was administered to twenty 4-7-year-olds with typical development (TD) and ten with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Task items were embedded in an authentic activity, and they targeted the child's ability to identify the examiner's referential and social intentions, which were communicated through joint attention behaviours. Reliability and construct validity evidence were addressed using established psychometric methods. Outcomes & Results: Reliability and validity evidence supported the use of task scores for identifying children whose intention-reading warranted concern. Evidence supported the reliability of task administration and coding, and item-level codes were highly consistent with overall task performance. Supporting task validity, group differences aligned with predictions, with children with ASD exhibiting poorer and more variable task scores than children with TD. Also, as predicted, task scores correlated significantly with verbal mental age and ratings of parental concerns regarding social communication abilities. Conclusions & Implications: The evidence provides preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the clinical task's scores in assessing young children's real-time intention-reading abilities, which are essential for successful interactions in school and beyond. C1 [Greenslade, Kathryn J.; Coggins, Truman E.] Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Greenslade, KJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Eagleson Hall,1417 NE 42nd St,Box 354875, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM greenskj@uw.edu FU National Institutes of Health [T32DC000033] FX The first author was supported by a National Institutes of Health training grant (Research Training Program in Speech and Hearing Sciences: T32DC000033) while conducting the present research. The authors thank the reviewers for their thoughtful contributions to revisions of this paper. They also acknowledge their colleagues, Lesley B. Olswang, PamelaCrooke, Julie Feuerstein and Amy Rodda, for cogent comments. Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. CR Allen M., 1979, INTRO MEASUREMENT TH American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN, V5th American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2006, GUID SPEECH LANG PAT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BILLINGSLEY F, 1980, BEHAV ASSESS, V2, P229 Bishop D. 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H., 2004, CLIN EVALUATION LANG NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1368-2822 EI 1460-6984 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 463 EP 477 DI 10.1111/1460-6984.12076 PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AN4ZW UT WOS:000340599700005 PM 24684559 ER PT J AU Lerna, A Esposito, D Conson, M Massagli, A AF Lerna, Anna Esposito, Dalila Conson, Massimiliano Massagli, Angelo TI Long-term effects of PECS on social-communicative skills of children with autism spectrum disorders: a follow-up study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS); autism spectrum disorders; long-term effects; social and communicative skills ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; JOINT ATTENTION; SYSTEM PECS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; PREDICTORS; PRESCHOOLERS; INDIVIDUALS; ACQUISITION; IMITATION AB Background: The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a popular augmentative communication system frequently used with 'nonverbal' children with autism. Several studies suggested that PECS could represent an effective tool for promoting improvement of several social-communicative skills. Only sparse evidence is instead available on the long-term effectiveness of this treatment system. Aims: To test the long-term effects of PECS, for which a follow-up study was conducted by assessing social-communicative skills in nonverbal preschool children with autism after 12 months from treatment completion. Methods & Procedures: Two groups of children (N = 14) were assessed; one group had completed the PECS training and the other conventional language therapy (CLT). At follow-up all children received the same pre- and post-treatment assessment. Outcome measures were the following: Communication and Social domains of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS); Language and Personal-Social subscales of the Griffiths' Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS); Communication and Social Abilities domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS); and several social-communicative variables coded in an unstructured setting. Outcomes & Results: The PECS group showed significant improvements compared with the CLT group on ADOS severity scores (Communication, Social and Total), on GMDS Social domain and on VABS Communication and Social domains. PECS-related gains on the VABS Social domain and on specific social-communicative measures coded during free-play, i.e. frequency of joint attention and initiation, and duration of cooperative play, were stable after 1-year follow-up. Cooperative play continued to improve on follow-up with respect to both post-and pre-treatment assessment. Conclusions & Implications: These findings demonstrated that PECS training can promote long-term enhancement of specific socio-communicative skills in children with autism. C1 [Lerna, Anna; Esposito, Dalila; Massagli, Angelo] IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Child Psychopathol Unit, Inst Sci, Ostuni, Brindisi, Italy. [Conson, Massimiliano] Univ Naples 2, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Lab, Caserta, Italy. RP Massagli, A (reprint author), IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Child Psychopathol Unit, Dept Neurorehabil 2, Inst Sci, Ostuni, Brindisi, Italy. EM angelo.massagli@irccs.os.lnf.it CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Boesch MC, 2013, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V29, P197, DOI 10.3109/07434618.2013.818059 BONDY A. 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R., 1989, TEACHING SPONTANEOUS Wetherby AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P960, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0237-4 YAMAMOTO J., 2006, JAPANESE J SPECIAL E, V43, P485 Yoder P, 2006, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V74, P426, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.426 Yoder P, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P698, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/051) NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1368-2822 EI 1460-6984 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 49 IS 4 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1111/1460-6984.12079 PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AN4ZW UT WOS:000340599700006 PM 24655345 ER PT J AU Loukusa, S Makinen, L Kuusikko-Gauffin, S Ebeling, H Moilanen, I AF Loukusa, Soile Makinen, Leena Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna Ebeling, Hanna Moilanen, Irma TI Theory of mind and emotion recognition skills in children with specific language impairment, autism spectrum disorder and typical development: group differences and connection to knowledge of grammatical morphology, word-finding abilities and verbal working memory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE specific language impairment; autism spectrum disorder; theory of mind; emotion recognition ID UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUALS; CONTEXT; AGE AB Background: Social perception skills, such as understanding the mind and emotions of others, affect children's communication abilities in real-life situations. In addition to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is increasing knowledge that children with specific language impairment (SLI) also demonstrate difficulties in their social perception abilities. Aims: To compare the performance of children with SLI, ASD and typical development (TD) in social perception tasks measuring Theory of Mind (ToM) and emotion recognition. In addition, to evaluate the association between social perception tasks and language tests measuring word-finding abilities, knowledge of grammatical morphology and verbal working memory. Method & Procedures: Children with SLI (n = 18), ASD (n = 14) and TD (n = 25) completed two NEPSY-II subtests measuring social perception abilities: (1) Affect Recognition and (2) ToM (includes Verbal and non-verbal Contextual tasks). In addition, children's word-finding abilities were measured with the TWF-2, grammatical morphology by using the Grammatical Closure subtest of ITPA, and verbal working memory by using subtests of Sentence Repetition or Word List Interference (chosen according the child's age) of the NEPSY-II. Outcomes & Results: Children with ASD scored significantly lower than children with SLI or TD on the NEPSY-II Affect Recognition subtest. Both SLI and ASD groups scored significantly lower than TD children on Verbal tasks of the ToM subtest of NEPSY-II. However, there were no significant group differences on non-verbal Contextual tasks of the ToM subtest of the NEPSY-II. Verbal tasks of the ToM subtest were correlated with the Grammatical Closure subtest and TWF-2 in children with SLI. In children with ASD correlation between TWF-2 and ToM: Verbal tasks was moderate, almost achieving statistical significance, but no other correlations were found. Conclusions & Implications: Both SLI and ASD groups showed difficulties in tasks measuring verbal ToM but differences were not found in tasks measuring non-verbal Contextual ToM. The association between Verbal ToM tasks and language tests was stronger in children with SLI than in children with ASD. There is a need for further studies in order to understand interaction between different areas of language and cognitive development. C1 [Loukusa, Soile; Makinen, Leena] Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities, Child Language Res Ctr, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna; Ebeling, Hanna; Moilanen, Irma] Univ Oulu, Fac Med, Inst Clin Med, Dept Child Psychiat, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sanna; Ebeling, Hanna; Moilanen, Irma] Univ Hosp Oulu, Oulu, Finland. RP Loukusa, S (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities, Child Language Res Ctr, POB 1000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland. EM soile.loukusa@oulu.fi FU Academy of Finland; Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland FX The authors are grateful to the children and their parents who participated in this study. This research was financially supported by the Academy of Finland and the Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland. Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. 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Advances in the genetics of ASDs are providing new glimpses into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms disrupted in these conditions. These glimpses on one hand reinforce the idea that synapse development and plasticity are one of the major pathways disrupted in autism, but beyond that are providing fresh molecular support to the idea of mechanistic parallels between idiopathic ASD and specific syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders like fragile X syndrome (FXS). Fragile X syndrome is already recognized as the most common identifiable genetic cause of intellectual disability and ASDs, with many overlapping phenotypic features. Fragile X syndrome is associated with a variety of cognitive, behavioral, physical, and medical problems, which are managed through supportive treatment. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1055/s-0034-1386764 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO4AQ UT WOS:000341279000005 PM 25192504 ER PT J AU Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S van Karnebeek, CDM AF Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia van Karnebeek, Clara D. M. TI Cerebral Creatine Deficiencies: A Group of Treatable Intellectual Developmental Disorders SO SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GATM; guanidinoacetate methyltransferase; SLC6A8; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; treatment; intellectual disability; developmental delay; autism ID AMIDINOTRANSFERASE AGAT DEFICIENCY; METHYLTRANSFERASE GAMT DEFICIENCY; TRANSPORTER DEFICIENCY; INBORN ERROR; BRAIN; METABOLISM; ARGININE; DEFECT; SLC6A8; SPECTRUM AB Currently there are 91 treatable inborn errors of metabolism that cause intellectual developmental disorders. Cerebral creatine deficiencies (CDD) comprise three of these: arginine: glycine amidinotransferase [AGAT], guanidinoacetate methyltransferase [GAMT], and X-linked creatine transporter deficiency [SLC6A8]. Intellectual developmental disorder and cerebral creatine deficiency are the hallmarks of CDD. Additional clinical features include prominent speech delay, autism, epilepsy, extrapyramidal movement disorders, and signal changes in the globus pallidus. Patients with GAMT deficiency exhibit the most severe clinical spectrum. Myopathy is a distinct feature in AGAT deficiency. Guanidinoacetate (GAA) is the immediate product in the creatine biosynthetic pathway. Low GAA concentrations in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid are characteristic diagnostic markers for AGAT deficiency, while high GAA concentrations are characteristic markers for GAMT deficiency. An elevated ratio of urinary creatine /creatinine excretion serves as a diagnostic marker in males with SLC6A8 deficiency. Treatment strategies include oral supplementation of high-dose creatine-monohydrate for all three CDD. Guanidinoacetate-reducing strategies (high-dose ornithine, arginine-restricted diet) are additionally employed in GAMT deficiency. Supplementation of substrates for intracerebral creatine synthesis (arginine, glycine) has been used additionally to treat SLC6A8 deficiency. Early recognition and treatment improves outcomes. Normal outcomes in neonatally ascertained siblings from index families with AGAT and GAMT deficiency suggest a potential benefit of newborn screening for these disorders. C1 [Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia; van Karnebeek, Clara D. M.] Univ British Columbia, Div Biochem Dis, Dept Pediat, BC Childrens Hosp, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. [Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia; van Karnebeek, Clara D. M.] Univ British Columbia, Treatable Intellectual Disabil Endeavor British C, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. [Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sylvia; van Karnebeek, Clara D. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1055/s-0034-1386772 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AO4AQ UT WOS:000341279000013 PM 25192512 ER PT J AU Hardstaff, S AF Hardstaff, Sarah TI "Maybe he's on the toy train": empathising and systemising in an encounter with David Macaulay's Black and White SO LITERACY LA English DT Article DE children's literature; autism; fiction; narrative; picture books; reader response; empathy; perspective-taking AB This study explores the responses of Abby, a young person with autism, to David Macaulay's 1990 picturebook Black and White. Although both picturebook researchers and autism practitioners focus on the importance of encouraging empathetic responses to fictional characters, I build on Louise Collins' argument that Macaulay's work offers an opportunity to develop a different kind of "moral literacy" (2002, p.31). Different ways of practising and understanding perspective-taking in relation to fiction are considered in light of Abby's responses to Black and White and to fiction more generally. This study, in considering its own weaknesses, also offers a critique of the typical approaches to picturebook research whereby taking the perspective of fictional characters is sometimes seen as indicative of reading competence. C1 Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, England. RP Hardstaff, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, England. 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Night, 1999, 6 SENSE NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1741-4350 EI 1741-4369 J9 LITERACY JI Literacy PD JUL PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1111/lit.12033 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA AN4ZB UT WOS:000340597500005 ER PT J AU Jantzie, LL Getsy, PM Firl, DJ Wilson, CG Miller, RH Robinson, S AF Jantzie, L. L. Getsy, P. M. Firl, D. J. Wilson, C. G. Miller, R. H. Robinson, S. TI Erythropoietin attenuates loss of potassium chloride co-transporters following prenatal brain injury SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Calpain; Erythropoietin; Hypoxia-ischemia; KCC2; Perinatal brain injury ID HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; CL-COTRANSPORTER KCC2; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; DOWN-REGULATION; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; PRETERM INFANTS; CALPAIN; EXPRESSION; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Therapeutic agents that restore the inhibitory actions of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) by modulating intracellular chloride concentrations will provide novel avenues to treat stroke, chronic pain, epilepsy, autism, and neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders. During development, upregulation of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, and the resultant switch from excitatory to inhibitory responses to GABA guide the formation of essential inhibitory circuits. Importantly, maturation of inhibitory mechanisms is also central to the development of excitatory circuits and proper balance between excitatory and inhibitory networks in the developing brain. Loss of KCC2 expression occurs in postmortem samples from human preterm infant brains with white matter lesions. Here we show that late gestation brain injury in a rat model of extreme prematurity impairs the developmental upregulation of potassium chloride co-transporters during a critical postnatal period of circuit maturation in CA3 hippocampus by inducing a sustained loss of oligomeric KCC2 via a calpain-dependent mechanism. Further, administration of erythropoietin (EPO) in a clinically relevant postnatal dosing regimen following the prenatal injury protects the developing brain by reducing calpain activity, restoring oligomeric KCC2 expression and attenuating KCC2 fragmentation, thus providing the first report of a safe therapy to address deficits in KCC2 expression. Together, these data indicate it is possible to reverse abnormalities in KCC2 expression during the postnatal period, and potentially reverse deficits in inhibitory circuit formation central to cognitive impairment and epileptogenesis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jantzie, L. L.; Firl, D. J.; Robinson, S.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Getsy, P. M.; Wilson, C. G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Miller, R. H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Robinson, S (reprint author), Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Hunnewell 2,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Shenandoah.Robinson@childrens.harvard.edu FU National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health [RO1 NS060765] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health (RO1 NS060765 to S.R.). We thank Cecil Yeung, James Messegee, Elizabeth Schick, Mark Eden, and Qing Li for their exceptional technical assistance. We are very appreciative of the Boston Children's Hospital Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (BCH IDDRC) Cellular Imaging Core (P30 HD18655). 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Cell. Neurosci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 61 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.06.009 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN6FN UT WOS:000340690400015 PM 24983520 ER PT J AU Warlaumont, AS Richards, JA Gilkerson, J Oller, DK AF Warlaumont, Anne S. Richards, Jeffrey A. Gilkerson, Jill Oller, D. Kimbrough TI A Social Feedback Loop for Speech Development and Its Reduction in Autism SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE social interaction; speech development; autism; socioeconomic status; rewards ID AUTOMATED VOCAL ANALYSIS; JOINT ATTENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION; ABILITIES; INFANTS AB We analyzed the microstructure of child-adult interaction during naturalistic, daylong, automatically labeled audio recordings (13,836 hr total) of children (8- to 48-month-olds) with and without autism. We found that an adult was more likely to respond when the child's vocalization was speech related rather than not speech related. In turn, a child's vocalization was more likely to be speech related if the child's previous speech-related vocalization had received an immediate adult response rather than no response. Taken together, these results are consistent with the idea that there is a social feedback loop between child and caregiver that promotes speech development. Although this feedback loop applies in both typical development and autism, children with autism produced proportionally fewer speech-related vocalizations, and the responses they received were less contingent on whether their vocalizations were speech related. We argue that such differences will diminish the strength of the social feedback loop and have cascading effects on speech development over time. Differences related to socioeconomic status are also reported. C1 [Warlaumont, Anne S.] Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Richards, Jeffrey A.; Gilkerson, Jill] LENA Res Fdn, Boulder, CO USA. [Gilkerson, Jill] Univ Colorado, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oller, D. Kimbrough] Univ Memphis, Sch Commun Sci & Disorders, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Oller, D. Kimbrough] Konrad Lorenz Inst Evolut & Cognit Res, Klosterneuburg, Austria. RP Warlaumont, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Arts, 5200 North Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1314 EP 1324 DI 10.1177/0956797614531023 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AM8NA UT WOS:000340131300003 PM 24840717 ER PT J AU Oller, JW AF Oller, John W., Jr. TI Biosemiotic Entropy: Concluding the Series SO ENTROPY LA English DT Editorial Material DE agreement condensation; biological signaling systems; biocontrol systems; biosemiotic entropy; Bose-Einstein condensation; cancers; encephalopathies; fit-get-rich network theory; information theory; pathogens; pragmatic information; synergistic effects; true narrative representations (TNRs) ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; CLOZE PROCEDURE; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; INFORMATION-THEORY; COMPLEX NETWORKS; SCRAPIE PRIONS; DISEASES; SULFATE; AUTISM; COMMUNICATION AB This article concludes the special issue on Biosemiotic Entropy looking toward the future on the basis of current and prior results. It highlights certain aspects of the series, concerning factors that damage and degenerate biosignaling systems. As in ordinary linguistic discourse, well-formedness (coherence) in biological signaling systems depends on valid representations correctly construed: a series of proofs are presented and generalized to all meaningful sign systems. The proofs show why infants must (as empirical evidence shows they do) proceed through a strict sequence of formal steps in acquiring any language. Classical and contemporary conceptions of entropy and information are deployed showing why factors that interfere with coherence in biological signaling systems are necessary and sufficient causes of disorders, diseases, and mortality. Known sources of such formal degeneracy in living organisms (here termed, biosemiotic entropy) include: (a) toxicants, (b) pathogens; (c) excessive exposures to radiant energy and/or sufficiently powerful electromagnetic fields; (d) traumatic injuries; and (e) interactions between the foregoing factors. Just as Jaynes proved that irreversible changes invariably increase entropy, the theory of true narrative representations (TNR theory) demonstrates that factors disrupting the well-formedness (coherence) of valid representations, all else being held equal, must increase biosemiotic entropy-the kind impacting biosignaling systems. C1 Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Commun Disorders, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Oller, JW (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Commun Disorders, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. 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TI MULTISYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN YOUTHS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A PROGRESS REPORT SO JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; FAMILY THERAPISTS; COPING STRATEGIES; PARENTING STRESS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SOCIAL SUPPORT; YOUNG-ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; ADJUSTMENT AB Youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often engage in serious disruptive behaviors that interfere with their ability to successfully manage day-to-day responsibilities and contribute to relationship problems with caregivers, peers, and teachers. Effective treatments are needed to address the factors linked with disruptive behavior problems in this population of youths. Multisystemic therapy (MST) is a comprehensive family-and community-based treatment approach that has been effective with other difficult-to-treat populations of youths and holds promise for youths with ASD. In this article, we review the broad range of factors associated with disruptive behaviors among youths with ASD and discuss how MST interventions can be adapted to address those factors. We also present a framework for our adaptation of the MST model for youths with ASD. This framework includes a recently completed pilot study as well as an ongoing efficacy trial that together have served to identify key interventions for our adaptation of the MST model. C1 [Wagner, David V.; Borduin, Charles M.; Kanne, Stephen M.; Mazurek, Micah O.; Farmer, Janet E.; Brown, Rachel M. A.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Borduin, CM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 108A McAlester Hall,S 6th St, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1111/jmft.12012 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA AM6HF UT WOS:000339964100005 PM 24749815 ER PT J AU Bourne, Y Marchot, P AF Bourne, Yves Marchot, Pascale TI The Neuroligins and Their Ligands: from Structure to Function at the Synapse SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM) CY MAY, 2013 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Acetylcholinesterase; Adhesion; alpha/beta-hydrolase; Autism; Complex; Ectodomain; Enzyme; Model; Neurexin; Neuroligin; Partnership; Structure; Synapse ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BETA-NEUREXINS; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; INHIBITORY SYNAPSES; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; NMDA RECEPTORS; PROTEIN; BINDING; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AB The neuroligins are cell adhesion proteins whose extracellular domain belongs to the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family of proteins, mainly containing enzymes and exemplified by acetylcholinesterase. The ectodomain of postsynaptic neuroligins interacts through a calcium ion with the ectodomain of presynaptic neurexins to form flexible trans-synaptic associations characterized by selectivity for neuroligin or neurexin subtypes. This heterophilic interaction, essential for synaptic differentiation, maturation, and maintenance, is regulated by gene selection, alternative mRNA splicing, and posttranslational modifications. Mutations leading to deficiencies in the expression, folding, maturation, and binding properties of either partner are associated with autism spectrum disorders. The currently available structural and functional data illustrate how these two families of cell adhesion molecules bridge the synaptic cleft to participate in synapse plasticity and support its dynamic nature. Neuroligin partners distinct from the neurexins, and which may undergo either trans or cis interaction, have also been described, and tridimensional structures of some of them are available. Our study emphasizes the partnership versatility of the neuroligin ectodomain associated with molecular flexibility and alternative binding sites, proposes homology models of the structurally non-characterized neuroligin partners, and exemplifies the large structural variability at the surface of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold subunit. This study also provides new insights into possible surface binding sites associated with non-catalytic properties of the acetylcholinesterase subunit. C1 [Bourne, Yves; Marchot, Pascale] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. RP Bourne, Y (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Campus Luminy Case 932, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 53 IS 3 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s12031-014-0234-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM6ES UT WOS:000339956700015 PM 24497299 ER PT J AU Nakai, T Nagai, T Wang, R Yamada, S Kuroda, K Kaibuchi, K Yamada, K AF Nakai, Tsuyoshi Nagai, Taku Wang, Rui Yamada, Shinnosuke Kuroda, Keisuke Kaibuchi, Kozo Yamada, Kiyofumi TI Alterations of GABAergic and dopaminergic systems in mutant mice with disruption of exons 2 and 3 of the Disc1 gene SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Disc1; Dopamine release; Methamphetamine; Parvalbumin-positive interneuron; Schizophrenia ID CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE; VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; IN-VIVO MICRODIALYSIS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; ANIMAL-MODELS; HIPPOCAMPAL INTERNEURONS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; INHIBITORY NEURONS AB Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has been widely associated with several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mood disorders and autism. We previously reported that a deficiency of DISCI may induce low anxiety and/or high impulsivity in mice with disruption of exons 2 and 3 of the Disc) gene (Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3)). It remains unclear, however, if deficiency of DISCI leads to specific alterations in distinct neuronal systems. In the present study, to understand the role of DISCI in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons and mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, we investigated the number of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons, methamphetamine (METH)-induced DA release and the expression levels of GABA(A), DA transporter (DAT) and DA receptors in wild-type (Disc1(+/+)) and Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice. Female Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice showed a significant reduction of PV-positive interneurons in the hippocampus, while no apparent changes were observed in mRNA expression levels of GABA(A) receptor subunits. METH-induced DA release was significantly potentiated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of female Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice, although there were no significant differences in the expression levels of DAT. Furthermore, the expression levels of DA receptor mRNA were upregulated in the NAc of female Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice. Male Disc1(Delta 2-3/Delta 2-3) mice showed no apparent differences in all experiments. DISCI may play a critical role in gender-specific developmental alteration in GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and DAergic neurons. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nakai, Tsuyoshi; Nagai, Taku; Wang, Rui; Yamada, Shinnosuke; Yamada, Kiyofumi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. [Nakai, Tsuyoshi; Nagai, Taku; Wang, Rui; Yamada, Shinnosuke; Yamada, Kiyofumi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Hosp Pharm, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. [Kuroda, Keisuke; Kaibuchi, Kozo] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cell Pharmacol, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. RP Yamada, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Showa Ku, 65 Tsuruma Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. EM kyamada@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Kuroda, Keisuke/K-5255-2013 OI Kuroda, Keisuke/0000-0002-6715-5125 FU JSPS KAKENHI from JST [243493]; JSPS; SRPBS from MEXT, CREST; MEXT [24111518, 25116515, 25460093, 26670121, 26293053]; MHLW [H25-Iyaku-Ippan-020]; Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP [24-12]; SRF Grant for Biomedical Research FX We thank the Division for Research of Laboratory Animals, Center for Research of Laboratory Animals and Medical Research Engineering (Technical Staff, Yasutaka Ohya and Kumiko Yano) for animal care and use. This work was supported by the following funding sources: JSPS KAKENHI (243493) from JST, Exploratory Research from JSPS, "Integrated Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders" and "Bioinformatics for Brain Sciences" carried out under the SRPBS from MEXT, CREST, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (24111518, 25116515, 25460093, 26670121, 26293053) from the MEXT, Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant (H25-Iyaku-Ippan-020) from MHLW, Intramural Research Grant (24-12) for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP and SRF Grant for Biomedical Research. 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Int. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 74 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.009 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN0YJ UT WOS:000340309600010 PM 24973713 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TG Aston, KI Pflueger, C Cairns, BR Carrell, DT AF Jenkins, Timothy G. Aston, Kenneth I. Pflueger, Christian Cairns, Bradley R. Carrell, Douglas T. TI Age-Associated Sperm DNA Methylation Alterations: Possible Implications in Offspring Disease Susceptibility SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL AGE; PATERNAL AGE; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; TELOMERE LENGTH; TNXB LOCUS; GENE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX AB Recent evidence demonstrates a role for paternal aging on offspring disease susceptibility. It is well established that various neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autism, etc.), trinucleotide expansion associated diseases (myotonic dystrophy, Huntington's, etc.) and even some forms of cancer have increased incidence in the offspring of older fathers. Despite strong epidemiological evidence that these alterations are more common in offspring sired by older fathers, in most cases the mechanisms that drive these processes are unclear. However, it is commonly believed that epigenetics, and specifically DNA methylation alterations, likely play a role. In this study we have investigated the impact of aging on DNA methylation in mature human sperm. Using a methylation array approach we evaluated changes to sperm DNA methylation patterns in 17 fertile donors by comparing the sperm methylome of 2 samples collected from each individual 9-19 years apart. With this design we have identified 139 regions that are significantly and consistently hypomethylated with age and 8 regions that are significantly hypermethylated with age. A representative subset of these alterations have been confirmed in an independent cohort. A total of 117 genes are associated with these regions of methylation alterations (promoter or gene body). Intriguingly, a portion of the age-related changes in sperm DNA methylation are located at genes previously associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While our data does not establish a causative relationship, it does raise the possibility that the age-associated methylation of the candidate genes that we observe in sperm might contribute to the increased incidence of neuropsychiatric and other disorders in the offspring of older males. However, further study is required to determine whether, and to what extent, a causative relationship exists. C1 [Jenkins, Timothy G.; Aston, Kenneth I.; Carrell, Douglas T.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Androl & IVF Labs, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pflueger, Christian; Cairns, Bradley R.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Oncol Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Cairns, Bradley R.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Carrell, Douglas T.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Carrell, Douglas T.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Androl & IVF Labs, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Brad.Cairns@hci.utah.edu; douglas.carrell@hsc.utah.edu FU University of Utah Center on Aging FX An internal University of Utah small grant from the "University of Utah Center on Aging" was used for this study. Additionally, clinical funds were used for this study. No outside grant agency funds were applied. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 7 AR e1004458 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004458 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AM5ME UT WOS:000339902600016 PM 25010591 ER PT J AU Tulgren, ED Turgeon, SM Opperman, KJ Grill, B AF Tulgren, Erik D. Turgeon, Shane M. Opperman, Karla J. Grill, Brock TI The Nesprin Family Member ANC-1 Regulates Synapse Formation and Axon Termination by Functioning in a Pathway with RPM-1 and beta-Catenin SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID UBIQUITIN LIGASE RPM-1; MAP KINASE PATHWAY; C-ELEGANS RPM-1; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NUCLEAR-ENVELOPE; WNT PATHWAY; NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; NEURONAL MIGRATION; NEURITE OUTGROWTH AB Mutations in Nesprin-1 and 2 (also called Syne-1 and 2) are associated with numerous diseases including autism, cerebellar ataxia, cancer, and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Nesprin-1 and 2 have conserved orthologs in flies and worms called MSP-300 and abnormal nuclear Anchorage 1 (ANC-1), respectively. The Nesprin protein family mediates nuclear and organelle anchorage and positioning. In the nervous system, the only known function of Nesprin-1 and 2 is in regulation of neurogenesis and neural migration. It remains unclear if Nesprin-1 and 2 regulate other functions in neurons. Using a proteomic approach in C. elegans, we have found that ANC-1 binds to the Regulator of Presynaptic Morphology 1 (RPM-1). RPM-1 is part of a conserved family of signaling molecules called Pam/Highwire/RPM-1 (PHR) proteins that are important regulators of neuronal development. We have found that ANC-1, like RPM-1, regulates axon termination and synapse formation. Our genetic analysis indicates that ANC-1 functions via the beta-catenin BAR-1, and the ANC-1/BAR-1 pathway functions cell autonomously, downstream of RPM-1 to regulate neuronal development. Further, ANC-1 binding to the nucleus is required for its function in axon termination and synapse formation. We identify variable roles for four different Wnts (LIN-44, EGL-20, CWN-1 and CWN-2) that function through BAR-1 to regulate axon termination. Our study highlights an emerging, broad role for ANC-1 in neuronal development, and unveils a new and unexpected mechanism by which RPM-1 functions. C1 [Tulgren, Erik D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Turgeon, Shane M.; Opperman, Karla J.; Grill, Brock] Scripps Res Inst Florida, Dept Neurosci, Jupiter, FL USA. RP Tulgren, ED (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, 3-249 Millard Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM bgrill@scripps.edu FU NIH [R01 NS072129]; NSF [IOS-1121095] FX BG was supported by the NIH (R01 NS072129) and the NSF (IOS-1121095). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 7 AR e1004481 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004481 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AM5ME UT WOS:000339902600033 PM 25010424 ER PT J AU St Peter, CC Brunson, LY Cook, JE Subramaniam, S Larson, NA Clingan, M Poe, SG AF St Peter, Claire C. Brunson, Lashanna Y. Cook, James E. Subramaniam, Shrinidhi Larson, Nicholas A. Clingan, Mark Poe, Susannah G. TI ADHERENCE TO DISCRETE-TRIAL INSTRUCTION PROCEDURES BY RURAL PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID TEACHING SKILLS; DRUG-THERAPY; STAFF; IMPLEMENTATION; INTERVENTION; ASSESSMENTS; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; PREFERENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders may not attempt treatment, even when effective treatment options are available. Little is known about how to improve frequency of attempts to implement treatment ('treatment adherence'). 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Intervent. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 200 EP 212 DI 10.1002/bin.1386 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AM6EG UT WOS:000339955100003 ER PT J AU Guercio, JM Murray, WJ AF Guercio, John M. Murray, William J. TI LICENSURE FOR BEHAVIOR ANALYSTS: THE PATH TO RESPONSIBLE AND COOPERATIVE ACTION SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; DISORDER AB The increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the last decade has contributed to growth in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA). This growth has been spurred by consumer demand for access to this evidence-based treatment for those with an autism spectrum disorder. Presently, there are at least 34 states that have laws or regulations in place that mandate insurance coverage for autism spectrum disorders. There are also 14 states that have passed licensure or a similar regulatory mechanism for identifying competent providers of ABA. 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L., 2009, BEHAV ANAL CERTIFICA, P1 Smith T, 2000, AM J MENT RETARD, V105, P269, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0269:RTOIEI>2.0.CO;2 Vanderkerken L, 2013, RES DEV DISABIL, V34, P4515, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.030 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1072-0847 EI 1099-078X J9 BEHAV INTERVENT JI Behav. Intervent. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 225 EP 240 DI 10.1002/bin.1388 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AM6EG UT WOS:000339955100005 ER PT J AU Wetie, AGN Wormwood, K Thome, J Dudley, E Taurines, R Gerlach, M Woods, AG Darie, CC AF Wetie, Armand G. Ngounou Wormwood, Kelly Thome, Johannes Dudley, Edward Taurines, Regina Gerlach, Manfred Woods, Alisa G. Darie, Costel C. TI A pilot proteomic study of protein markers in autism spectrum disorder SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Apolipoprotein; ASD; Autism; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Oxidative stress ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; EXPANDED FMR1 ALLELES; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; INTRON 1 METHYLATION; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FEMALE CARRIERS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is increasing, with 1/88 children believed to be affected by the disorder, with a most recent survey suggesting numbers as high as 1/50. Treatment and understanding of ASD causes is a pressing health concern. ASD protein biomarkers may provide clues about ASD cause. Protein biomarkers for ASDs could be used for ASD diagnosis, subtyping, treatment monitoring, and identifying therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed the sera from seven children with ASD and seven matched controls using Tricine gel electrophoresis (Tricine-PAGE) and LC-MS/MS. Overall, we found increased levels of apolipoproteins ApoA1 and ApoA4, involved in cholesterol metabolism and of serum paraoxanase/arylesterase 1, involved in preventing oxidative damage, in the sera of children with ASD, compared with their matched controls. All three proteins are predicted to interact with each other and are parts of high-density lipoproteins. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger subject numbers. C1 [Wetie, Armand G. Ngounou; Wormwood, Kelly; Woods, Alisa G.; Darie, Costel C.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Biochem & Prote Grp, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Thome, Johannes] Univ Rostock, Dept Psychiat, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Thome, Johannes; Dudley, Edward] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Taurines, Regina; Gerlach, Manfred] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Darie, CC (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Biochem & Prote Grp, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM cdarie@clarkson.edu FU U.S./Army Research Office (DURIP) [W911NF-11-1-0304]; David A. Walsh '67 Fellowship FX We thank Mr. Tobias Ternent (PRIDE Team) for support in submission of the mass spectrometry data to the ProteomeX-change Consortium via the PRIDE repository. This work was supported partially by the U.S./Army Research Office (DURIP grant #W911NF-11-1-0304 to C.C.D.), private donations, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (A.G.W.) and the generosity of SciFund Challenge-3 donors. KLW and CCD were supported during the Summer 2013 by the David A. Walsh '67 Fellowship. 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JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 14 BP 2046 EP 2054 DI 10.1002/elps.201300370 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AM2EG UT WOS:000339661300016 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, T Kawachi, I AF Fujiwara, Takeo Kawachi, Ichiro TI Are Maternal Social Networks and Perceptions of Trust Associated with Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring? A Population-Based Study in Japan SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; PARENTAL AGE; CHILDREN; RISK; HEALTH; COPPER; LEVEL AB Objective: To investigate the associations of maternal social networks and perceptions of trust with the prevalence of suspected autism spectrum disorders in 18-month-old offspring in Japan. Methods: Questionnaires included measurements of maternal social networks (number of relatives or friends they could call upon for assistance), maternal perceptions of trust, mutual assistance (i.e. individual measures of "cognitive social capital"), and social participation (i.e. individual measures of "structural social capital") as well as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers to detect suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These tools were mailed to all families with 18-month-old toddlers in Chiba, a city near Tokyo (N = 6061; response rate: 64%). The association between social capital or social network indicators and suspected ASD were analyzed, adjusted for covariates by logistic regression analysis. Results: Low maternal social trust was found to be significantly positively associated with suspected ASD in toddlers compared with high maternal social trust (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38 to 2.40); mutual aid was also significantly positively related (low vs. high: OR, 1.82, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.40). However, maternal community participation showed U-shape association with suspected ASD of offspring. Maternal social network showed consistent inverse associations with suspected ASD of offspring, regardless of the type of social connection (e. g., relatives, neighbors, or friends living outside of their neighborhood). Conclusions: Mothers' cognitive social capital and social networks, but not structural social capital, might be associated with suspected ASD in offspring. C1 [Fujiwara, Takeo] Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kawachi, Ichiro] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc & Behav Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Fujiwara, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Social Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. EM fujiwara-tk@ncchd.go.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology KAKENHI [21119003] FX This study was supported by grants from a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology KAKENHI (21119003). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Methods In 1984, 169 preschool children in central Taiwan underwent a detailed physical examination for subtle abnormalities (MPA). Fourteen years later, the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS) and Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ) were used to measure specific psychiatric symptoms. Results There is an association between MPA during childhood and adult characterized with interpersonal, sensitivity, anxiety, depression and paranoid mental health symptoms. Conclusion The signs of childhood MPA can be easily identified and should be regarded as risk factors when predicting mental disorder. Mental health professionals should consider MPAs as important signs for possible development of emotional problems. C1 [Cheng, Helen; Chang, Cheng-Chen] Changhua Christian Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Changhua, Taiwan. [Chang, Cheng-Chen] Chung Shan Med Univ, Inst Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Chang, Yue-Cune] Tamkang Univ, Dept Math, Taipei, Taiwan. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.228 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM3SV UT WOS:000339774000003 PM 25110493 ER PT J AU Say, GN Sahin, B Aslan, K Akbas, S Incesu, L Ceyhan, M AF Say, Gokce Nur Sahin, Bunyamin Aslan, Kerim Akbas, Seher Incesu, Lutfi Ceyhan, Meltem TI Increased Laterality of the Thalamus in Children and Adolescents with Asperger's Disorder: An MRI and Proton Spectroscopy Study SO PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Asperger; Autism; Thalamus; Laterality; Language; Children ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BRAIN SIZE; VOLUME; IMAGES AB Objective Thalamic abnormalities have been reported in people with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) including Asperger's Disorder (ASP). The aim of the present study was to compare the volume and volume fraction of the thalamus and the metabolite concentrations in children and adolescents with ASP using the magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, the relationships between thalamic abnormalities and clinical features were examined. Methods Volume and volume fractional and metabolic measurements of bilateral thalamus were collected from 15 boys with ASP with a total IQ over 70 (age range 7-18 years, mean age 11.6 +/- 3.79 years), and 15 healthy controls matching age, sex and IQ. The thalamic volumes, hemisphere volumes and total brain volumes (TBV) were estimated using the stereological methods on magnetic resonance images. Chemical metabolites of thalamus were evaluated by H-1 spectroscopy. Results No differences in thalamic volumes, volume fractions and metabolites were observed between the groups. There were significant correlation between thalamic volume and total brain volume in both groups. The ASP group showed a significant left-minus-right thalamus difference as well as a significantly greater laterality index. In addition, a significant correlation between the laterality index and Autism Behavior Checklist language scores was observed. Conclusion Findings from this investigation point to a significant increase in laterality of the thalamus and a relationship with language problems in individuals with ASP. Our findings suggest that thalamic abnormalities may be related to mild language problems observed in ASP. C1 [Say, Gokce Nur; Akbas, Seher] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Sahin, Bunyamin] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Anat, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Aslan, Kerim; Incesu, Lutfi; Ceyhan, Meltem] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. RP Say, GN (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Tip Fak Hastanesi, Cocuk & Ergen Psikiyatrisi Anabilim Dali, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. EM gokcenurtasdemir@yahoo.com.tr RI Sahin, Bunyamin/L-5414-2014 OI Sahin, Bunyamin/0000-0001-8538-8443 FU Ondokuz Mayis University Scientific Research FX This study was supported by Ondokuz Mayis University Scientific Research Funding. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.237 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM3SV UT WOS:000339774000005 PM 25110495 ER PT J AU Yoo, HJ Yang, SY Cho, IH Park, M Kim, SA AF Yoo, Hee Jeong Yang, So Young Cho, In Hee Park, Mira Kim, Soon Ae TI Polymorphisms of BDNF Gene and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Family Based Association Study with Korean Trios SO PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Brain derived neurotropic factor; Quantitative transmission disequilibrium test; Family based association study ID NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SYNAPSES; SERUM AB Objective Autism spectrum disorders (ASPS) are a group of early childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and language skills, and repetitive behaviors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in the differentiation of normal neuronal cells during embryonic and postnatal neuronal development through its neurotrophic effects. Methods In this study, we performed a family-based association test (FBAT) between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs6265, rs11030101, rs7103411, and rs7103873) or haplotypes in the BDNF gene and affection status Or several quantitative traits characterized by ADI-R with 151 Korean trios, including a child diagnosed as ASDs. Results While no significant association was found between SNPs or haplotypes and the ASDs disease status, a quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT) by using quantitative traits identified associations of the SNPs (rs6265 and rs11030101) with a domain score for "Restricted, Repetitive and Stereotyped patterns of behavior" (C domain), especially at the subdomain scores for "encompassing preoccupation or circumscribed pattern of interest" (C1) (rs6265A allele, dominant model, p-value=0.019; rs11030101 A allele, additive model, p-value=0.015) and "preoccupations with part of objects or non-functional elements of material" (C4) (rs11030101 A allele, additive Model, p-value=0.015) within the ADI-R diagnostic algorithm. In addition, significant associations were also identified between the haplotypes and these quantitative traits (C1, p-value=0.016; C4, p-Value=0.012). Conclusion We conclude that BDNF gene polymorphisms have a possible role in the pathogenesis of ASDs. C1 [Yoo, Hee Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Songnam, South Korea. [Yang, So Young] Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Taejon, South Korea. [Cho, In Hee] Gachon Univ Med & Sci, Dept Psychiat, Inchon, South Korea. [Park, Mira] Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Taejon 301768, South Korea. [Kim, Soon Ae] Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Taejon 301768, South Korea. RP Kim, SA (reprint author), Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 77 Gyeryong Ro, Taejon 301768, South Korea. EM sakim@eulji.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MEST) [2010-0007583]; Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea [A120029]; Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [20100012133] FX This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (2010-0007583). This work was also supported by a research grant from Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project (A120029) from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. Mira Park was was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (20100012133). 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A., 1985, RIVERMEAD BEHAV MEMO Wray A, 2000, LANG COMMUN, V20, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0271-5309(99)00015-4 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9206 EI 1464-5076 J9 CLIN LINGUIST PHONET JI Clin. Linguist. Phon. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7-8 BP 590 EP 601 DI 10.3109/02699206.2014.926995 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AL9UJ UT WOS:000339487100011 PM 25000380 ER PT J AU Weiss, AL Rohland, P AF Weiss, Amy L. Rohland, Pamela TI "Measuring up" to ethical standards in service delivery to college students on the Autism Spectrum: A practical application of Powell's model for ethical practices in clinical phonetics and linguistics SO CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS LA English DT Article DE Autism; ethical standards; intervention AB This paper examined an interdisciplinary college-based support programme, the Communication Coaching Program (CCP), designed for students diagnosed on the autism spectrum in light of six ethical constructs described by Powell. Collecting data to monitor the successes and ongoing needs of individual participants in the programme is of vital importance, of course, but only addresses a portion of the efficacy question. In addition, the authors, who co-direct the programme and represent different professional expertise and perspectives, recognize the importance of determining whether their evolving intervention model has also been successful in meeting the ethical standards of their respective professions. Careful review of the 4 years of the CCP's operation in terms of ethical constructs has yielded evidence that the CCP, although based on sound principles of theory and scholarship, should be further individualized to meet the particular needs of participants diagnosed with deficits in social communication and executive functioning skills. C1 [Weiss, Amy L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Commun Disorders, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Rohland, Pamela] Univ Rhode Isl, Off Student Life, Disabil Serv Students, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Weiss, AL (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Commun Disorders, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM weissa@mail.uri.edu CR AHEAD-Association of Higher Education and Disability, 2004, PROF STAND AHEAD-Association of Higher Education and Disability, 2004, COD ETH American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2010, COD ETH ETH American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2006, ROL RESP SPEECH LANG Brown J., 2009, STUDENTS ASPERGER SY Council for Clinical Certification in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2012, 2014 STAND CERT CLIN Hewitt LE, 2011, TOP LANG DISORD, V31, P273, DOI 10.1097/TLD.0b013e318227fd19 Larson V., 2005, ASPERGER SYNDROME ST Pope R. L., 2004, MULTICULTURAL COMPET Powell TW, 2007, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V21, P851, DOI 10.1080/02699200701576777 Shattuck PT, 2012, PEDIATRICS, V129, P1042, DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-2864 Young Margaret B., 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V61, P1 White SW, 2011, AUTISM, V15, P683, DOI 10.1177/1362361310393363 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9206 EI 1464-5076 J9 CLIN LINGUIST PHONET JI Clin. Linguist. Phon. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7-8 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.3109/02699206.2014.927002 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA AL9UJ UT WOS:000339487100014 PM 25000383 ER PT J AU Baxter, P AF Baxter, Peter TI Valproate and folic acid in pregnancy: associations with autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RISK CR Christensen J, 2013, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V309, P1696, DOI 10.1001/jama.2013.2270 Schmidt RJ, 2012, AM J CLIN NUTR, V96, P80, DOI 10.3945/ajcn.110.004416 Suren P, 2013, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V309, P570, DOI 10.1001/jama.2012.155925 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-1622 EI 1469-8749 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 56 IS 7 BP 604 EP 604 DI 10.1111/dmcn.12498 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA AL9UT UT WOS:000339488500001 PM 24924417 ER PT J AU Sahun, I Marechal, D Pereira, PL Nalesso, V Gruart, A Garcia, JMD Antonarakis, SE Dierssen, M Herault, Y AF Sahun, Ignasi Marechal, Damien Pereira, Patricia Lopes Nalesso, Valerie Gruart, Agnes Delgado Garcia, Jose Maria Antonarakis, Stylianos E. Dierssen, Mara Herault, Yann TI Cognition and Hippocampal Plasticity in the Mouse Is Altered by Monosomy of a Genomic Region Implicated in Down Syndrome SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; RARE DE-NOVO; FUNCTIONAL IMPACT; MICE; GENE; BEHAVIOR; DELPHILIN; REVEALS AB Down syndrome (DS) is due to increased copy number of human chromosome 21. The contribution of different genetic regions has been tested using mouse models. As shown previously, the Abcg1-U2af1 genetic region contributes to cognitive defects in working and short-term recognition memory in Down syndrome mouse models. Here we analyzed the impact of monosomy of the same genetic interval, using a new mouse model, named Ms2Yah. We used several cognitive paradigms and did not detect defects in the object recognition or the Morris water maze tests. However, surprisingly, Ms2Yah mice displayed increased associative memory in a pure contextual fear-conditioning test and decreased social novelty interaction along with a larger long-term potentiation recorded in the CA1 area following stimulation of Schaffer collaterals. Whole-genome expression studies carried out on hippocampus showed that the transcription of only a small number of genes is affected, mainly from the genetic interval (Cbs, Rsph1, Wdr4), with a few additional ones, including the postsynaptic Gabrr2, Gabbr1, Grid2p, Park2, and Dlg1 and the components of the Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (Anapc1, Rnf7, Huwe1, Park2). The Abcgl-U2af1 region is undeniably encompassing dosage-sensitive genes or elements whose change in copy number directly affects learning and memory, synaptic function, and autistic related behavior. C1 [Sahun, Ignasi; Dierssen, Mara] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Ctr Genom Regulat, Syst Biol Programme, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Sahun, Ignasi; Dierssen, Mara] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Raras, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Sahun, Ignasi; Marechal, Damien; Pereira, Patricia Lopes; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Marechal, Damien; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, UMR7104, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Marechal, Damien; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med, U964, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Marechal, Damien; Nalesso, Valerie; Herault, Yann] Univ Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Gruart, Agnes; Delgado Garcia, Jose Maria] Univ Pablo Olavide, Div Neurociencias, Seville 41013, Spain. [Antonarakis, Stylianos E.] Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Genet Med & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Herault, Yann] Groupement lnteret Econ Ctr Europeen Rech Biol Mo, PHENOMIN, Inst Clin Souris, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. RP Herault, Y (reprint author), Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries,BP 10142,Parc Innovat, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM herault@igbmc.fr RI Antonarakis, Stylianos/N-8866-2014 OI Antonarakis, Stylianos/0000-0001-8907-5823 FU French CNRS; French Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; University of Strasbourg; "Centre Europeen de Recherche en Biomedecine"; "Fondation Jerome Lejeune"; Koplowitz Foundation; Fragile X Research Foundation (FRAXA); Association Francaise contre les Myopathies (AFM) Foundation; Spanish Ministry of Economy [SAF2010-16427, SAF2007-31093-E, FIS-PI 082038]; Marato TV3; European Commission (AnEUploidy project) [LSHG-CT-2006-037627]; DURSI [Grups consolidats 09 2009SGR1313] FX We thank members of the research group, of the Institut de Genetique de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBM), of the Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), and of the AnEUploidy consortium for their helpful comments (www.aneuploidy.org). We are grateful to the animal caretakers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPS44 TAAM unit and of the ICS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This project was supported by the French CNRS; the French Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; the University of Strasbourg and the "Centre Europeen de Recherche en Biomedecine"; the "Fondation Jerome Lejeune"; Koplowitz, Fragile X Research Foundation (FRAXA), and Association Francaise contre les Myopathies (AFM) Foundations; the Spanish Ministry of Economy (SAF2010-16427, SAF2007-31093-E, and FIS-PI 082038); Marato TV3; and the European Commission (AnEUploidy project LSHG-CT-2006-037627 to Y.H. and M.D.) The laboratory of M.D. is supported by DURSI (Grups consolidats 09 2009SGR1313). 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Salam, Ahmed Attia A. TI Therapeutic Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JCPSP-JOURNAL OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS PAKISTAN LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorder; Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ID REGRESSIVE AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN; DISEASE; NEUROINFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATION; PERFUSION; IMPROVE; TRAUMA; MODEL AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neurodevelopment disorder, characterized by impairment in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. The condition manifests within the first 3 years of life and persists till adulthood. At present, the etiology of ASD is largely unknown, but genetic, environmental, immunological, and neurological factors are thought to play a role in the development of ASD. The prevalence of ASD has increased dramatically in the past few decades. According to current estimates from the United States Centers for Disease Control-and Prevention (CDC) as many as 1 in 91 children have ASD in USA. Studies from the Middle East on this topic are limited. Autism in Saudi Arabia is slightly higher than reported in the developed countries. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been growing in popularity for the treatment of ASD over recent years. However, few studies of its effectiveness have been reported. This article reviews important publications regarding the physiologic and clinical influence of HBO on ASD. Several case series and randomized trials have all proposed that low pressure/low oxygen concentration hyperbaric treatment can improve the clinical manifestations of autism. C1 [Halepoto, Dost Muhammad; AL-Ayadhi, Laila Y.; Salam, Ahmed Attia A.] King Saud Univ, Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. RP Halepoto, DM (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Shaik AL Amodi Autism Res Chair, Dept Physiol,Fac Med, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. EM dr_m_halepota@yahoo.com FU Autism Research and Treatment Centre, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), at King Saud University; Health Research and Studies program at (NPST), at King Saud University FX We thank Autism Research and Treatment Centre, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), and Health Research and Studies program at (NPST), at King Saud University for financial support. 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Coll. Physicians Surg. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 7 BP 508 EP 514 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AM0MS UT WOS:000339540300014 PM 25052976 ER PT J AU Kato, F Iwanaga, R Chono, M Fujihara, S Tokunaga, A Murata, J Tanaka, K Nakane, H Tanaka, G AF Kato, Fumi Iwanaga, Ryoichiro Chono, Mami Fujihara, Saori Tokunaga, Akiko Murata, Jun Tanaka, Koji Nakane, Hideyuki Tanaka, Goro TI Relationship between Sympathetic Skin Responses and Auditory Hypersensitivity to Different Auditory Stimuli SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auditory hypersensitivity; Sympathetic nervous system; Auditory stimuli ID MENTAL SWEATING RESPONSE; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM; SENSORY PROFILE; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; DISORDER; HUMANS AB [Purpose] Auditory hypersensitivity has been widely reported in patients with autism spectrum disorders. However, the neurological background of auditory hypersensitivity is currently not clear. The present study examined the relationship between sympathetic nervous system responses and auditory hypersensitivity induced by different types of auditory stimuli. [Methods] We exposed 20 healthy young adults to six different types of auditory stimuli. The amounts of palmar sweating resulting from the auditory stimuli were compared between groups with (hypersensitive) and without (non-hypersensitive) auditory hypersensitivity. [Results] Although no group x type of stimulus x first stimulus interaction was observed for the extent of reaction, significant type of stimulus x first stimulus interaction was noted for the extent of reaction. For an 80 dB-6,000 Hz stimulus, the trends for palmar sweating differed between the groups. For the first stimulus, the variance became larger in the hypersensitive group than in the non-hypersensitive group. [Conclusion] Subjects who regularly felt excessive reactions to auditory stimuli tended to have excessive sympathetic responses to repeated loud noises compared with subjects who did not feel excessive reactions. People with auditory hypersensitivity may be classified into several subtypes depending on their reaction patterns to auditory stimuli. C1 [Kato, Fumi; Iwanaga, Ryoichiro; Tokunaga, Akiko; Murata, Jun; Tanaka, Koji; Nakane, Hideyuki; Tanaka, Goro] Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Psychiat Rehabil Sci, Nagasaki 8528520, Japan. [Chono, Mami] Hirado City Hlth & Welf Ctr Children Disabil, Hirado, Japan. [Fujihara, Saori] NPO Peaacas, Gifu, Japan. RP Kato, F (reprint author), Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Psychiat Rehabil Sci, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528520, Japan. 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Phys. Ther. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1091 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA AM1RU UT WOS:000339626700031 PM 25140103 ER PT J AU Koelkebeck, K Riedel, A Ohrmann, P Biscaldi, M van Elst, LT AF Koelkebeck, K. Riedel, A. Ohrmann, P. Biscaldi, M. van Elst, L. Tebartz TI High-functioning autism spectrum disorders in adulthood SO NERVENARZT LA German DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Adults; Diagnostic procedures; Therapy; Differential diagnosis ID CHILDREN; BRAIN AB The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the general population is approximately 1 %. Some individuals with high-functioning autism graduate from regular schools without autism having been diagnosed and problems only occur when the demands for social competence increase. Then patients often present with secondary psychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety or interpersonal problems. At this time, typical autistic features, such as social interaction deficits, restricted interests and stereotypic behavior can be camouflaged by high compensatory skills, particularly in highly intelligent patients. Therefore, missed or wrong diagnoses are frequent. Interviews, questionnaires and neuropsychological tests might be used to support the diagnosis. In cases where there is evidence for a secondary cause of autistic symptoms, somatic disorders should be excluded. Pharmacological treatment should be symptom-oriented. Individualized psychotherapeutic approaches are becoming increasingly more available; however, pragmatic solutions often need to be deployed. C1 [Koelkebeck, K.; Ohrmann, P.] Univ Klinikum Munster, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Riedel, A.; van Elst, L. Tebartz] Univ Freiburg Klinikum, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie, Freiburg, Germany. [Biscaldi, M.] Univ Freiburg Klinikum, Klin Psychiat Psychotherapie & Psychosomat Kindes, Freiburg, Germany. RP Koelkebeck, K (reprint author), Univ Klinikum Munster, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1,Gebaude A9, D-48149 Munster, Germany. 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Some findings demonstrate greater distractibility while others suggest superior focused attention. Applying Lavie's load theory of attention to account for this discrepancy led us to hypothesize increased perceptual capacity in ASD. Preliminary support for our hypothesis has so far been found for adults with ASD with reaction time (RT) and signal detection sensitivity measures. Here we test the novel prediction we derived from this hypothesis that children with ASD should have lower rates of inattentional blindness than controls. Method: Twenty-four children with ASD (mean age = 10 years 10 months) and 39 typically developing children (age and IQ matched) took part in the study. We assessed the effects of perceptual load on the rates of inattentional blindness in each group. Participants performing a line discrimination task in either a high load or low load condition were presented with an unexpected extra stimulus on a critical trial. Performance on the line judgment task and rates of detection and stimulus identification were recorded. Results: Overall rates of detection and identification were higher in the ASD group than in the controls. Moreover, whereas both detection and identification rates were significantly lower in the high (compared with low) load conditions for the controls, these were unaffected by load in the ASD group. Conclusion: Reduced inattentional blindness rates under load in ASD suggests higher perceptual capacity is a core feature, present from childhood and leading to superior performance in various measures of perception and attention. C1 [Swettenham, John; Murphy, Patrick; Feuerstein, Maike; Grim, Kelly; Lavie, Nilli] UCL, London WC1N 1PF, England. [Remington, Anna; Murphy, Patrick; Feuerstein, Maike; Grim, Kelly; Lavie, Nilli] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 1PF, England. [Remington, Anna] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Swettenham, J (reprint author), UCL, Chandler House,2 Wakefield St, London WC1N 1PF, England. EM j.swettenham@ucl.ac.uk FU Department of Developmental Science; Scott Family Junior Research Fellowship FX We thank Dr Eleni Matechou for her advice regarding statistical analyses. Preparation of this article was supported by the Department of Developmental Science (JS) and the Scott Family Junior Research Fellowship (AR). We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of staff and pupils at schools in London who participated in the research, the National Autistic Society (United Kingdom) and the charity Resources for Autism. 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SO NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE omega-3 fatty acids; Vitamin E; Tocotrienols; Autism; Apraxia; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Children ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; INCREASED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ELEVATED SERUM-LEVELS; E ALPHA-TOCOTRIENOL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; E SUPPLEMENTATION; DOUBLE-BLIND AB The incidence of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, which include autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, and apraxia, are increasing worldwide and have a profound effect on the behaviors, cognitive skills, mood, and self-esteem of these children. Although the etiologies of these disorders are unclear, they often accompany genetic and biochemical abnormalities resulting in cognitive and communication difficulties. Because cognitive and neural development require essential fatty acids (particularly long-chain omega-3 fatty acids often lacking in mother's and children's diets) during critical growth periods, the potential behavior-modifying effects of these fatty acids as "brain nutrients" has attracted considerable attention. Additionally, there is compelling evidence for increased oxidative stress, altered antioxidant defenses, and neuroinflammation in these children. The purpose of this review is to provide a scientific rationale based on cellular, experimental animal model, observational, and clinical intervention studies for incorporating the combination of omega-3 fatty acids and tocotrienol-rich vitamin E as complementary nutritional therapies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Should this nutritional combination correct key clinical or biochemical outcomes and/or improve behavioral patterns, it would provide a safe, complementary option for these children. 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Peeters, Hilde TI Association of CDH11 With Non-Syndromic ASD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cadherin; autism; chromosomal rearrangement; de novo ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CRYPTIC GENOMIC IMBALANCES; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; DE-NOVO; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; ARRAY CGH; TRANSLOCATIONS; COMMON; CADHERINS AB We report a sporadic patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), mild intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a de novo partial deletion of CADHERIN 11 (CDH11). The deletion is associated with one of the breakpoints of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement 46, XY,t(3;16;5)(q29;q22;q15)inv4(p14;q21) ins(4;5)(q21;q14.3q15). Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules involved in synaptic plasticity. Since genetic evidence points towards a role for cadherins in ASD, we studied the possible contribution of CDH11 to ASD. A case-control association study for 14 SNP variants in 519 ASD cases and 1,192 controls showed significant overrepresentation of rs7187376C/C genotypes in the patient group [P = 0.0049 (Chi-square = 7.90 1 df) and O.R. 3.88 C.I. = 1.403-10.733]. There was no association for C/T versus T/T [P = 0.6772 (Chi-square = 0.17 1 df)] nor was there association at the allelic level [P = 0.4373 (Chi-square = 0.6 1 df)]. In addition to the association of common variants in CDH11 with ASD, we studied the possible contribution of rare variants by sequencing CDH11 in 247 patients, and found three novel variants in the coding region of CDH1, of which two variants were unlikely to be causal. Targeted CNV screening in these 247 patients did not reveal copy number variation in CDH11. In conclusion, the data provide evidence for the involvement of CDH11 in ASD which is consistent with the association of other cadherins with ASD and neuropsychiatric diseases. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Crepel, An; De Wolf, Veerle; Brison, Nathalie; Devriendt, Koen; Peeters, Hilde] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Leuven, Belgium. [Crepel, An; De Wolf, Veerle; Brison, Nathalie; Steyaert, Jean; Noens, Ilse; Devriendt, Koen; Peeters, Hilde] Leuven Autism Res LAuRes, Leuven, Belgium. [Ceulemans, Berten] Univ Antwerp, Antwerp Univ Hosp UZA, Dept Neurol Pediat Neurol, Edegem, Belgium. [Walleghem, Didier] Univ Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Antwerp Hosp Network ZNA, Antwerp, Belgium. [Peuteman, Gilian; Lambrechts, Diether] VIB, Vesalius Res Ctr, Leuven, Belgium. [Peuteman, Gilian; Lambrechts, Diether] Univ Leuven, Dept Oncol, Lab Translat Genet, Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Acad Hosp Maastricht, Dept Clin Genet, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Steyaert, Jean] Maastricht Univ, Res Inst Growth & Dev GROW, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Noens, Ilse] Univ Leuven, Parenting & Special Educ Res Unit, Leuven, Belgium. [Noens, Ilse] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Peeters, H (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Herestr 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. EM hilde.peeters@med.kuleuven.be RI Steyaert, Jean/B-5326-2015 OI Steyaert, Jean/0000-0003-2512-4694 FU Research Actions KULeuven [GOA/12/015]; Belgian Science Policy Office Interuniversity Attraction Poles (BELSPO-IAP) IAP [P7/43-BeMGI]; Clinical Research Foundation of UZLeuven FX Grant sponsor: Research Actions KULeuven GOA/12/015; Grant sponsor: Belgian Science Policy Office Interuniversity Attraction Poles (BELSPO-IAP) IAP; Grant number: P7/43-BeMGI. K.D.; Grant sponsor: Clinical Research Foundation of UZLeuven. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 81 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.04.018 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL1UK UT WOS:000338911600001 PM 24893757 ER PT J AU Cozzolino, R De Magistris, L Saggese, P Stocchero, M Martignetti, A Di Stasio, M Malorni, A Marotta, R Boscaino, F Malorni, L AF Cozzolino, Rosaria De Magistris, Laura Saggese, Paola Stocchero, Matteo Martignetti, Antonella Di Stasio, Michele Malorni, Antonio Marotta, Rosa Boscaino, Floriana Malorni, Livia TI Use of solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of urinary volatile organic compounds in autistic children compared with healthy controls SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Urine samples; Solid-phase microextraction; Volatile organic compounds; Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CANCER BIOMARKERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; METABOLOMICS; METABONOMICS; DIAGNOSIS; TRIMETHYLAMINE; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMOMETRICS; SEROTONIN AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which have a severe life-long effect on behavior and social functioning, and which are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Their diagnosis is on the basis of behavioral and developmental signs usually detected before three years of age, and there is no reliable biological marker. The objective of this study was to establish the volatile urinary metabolomic profiles of 24 autistic children and 21 healthy children (control group) to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential biomarkers for ASDs. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using DVB/CAR/PDMS sorbent coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to obtain the metabolomic information patterns. Urine samples were analyzed under both acid and alkaline pH, to profile a range of urinary components with different physicochemical properties. Multivariate statistics techniques were applied to bioanalytical data to visualize clusters of cases and to detect the VOCs able to differentiate autistic patients from healthy children. In particular, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) achieved very good separation between autistic and control groups under both acidic and alkaline pH, identifying discriminating metabolites. Among these, 3-methyl-cyclopentanone, 3-methyl-butanal, 2-methyl-butanal, and hexane under acid conditions, and 2-methyl-pyrazine, 2,3-dimethyl-pyrazine, and isoxazolo under alkaline pH had statistically higher levels in urine samples from autistic children than from the control group. Further investigation with a higher number of patients should be performed to outline the metabolic origins of these variables, define a possible association with ASDs, and verify the usefulness of these variables for early-stage diagnosis. C1 [Cozzolino, Rosaria; Saggese, Paola; Martignetti, Antonella; Di Stasio, Michele; Boscaino, Floriana] CNR, Inst Food Sci, I-83100 Avellino, Italy. [De Magistris, Laura] Univ Naples 2, CIRANAD, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Stocchero, Matteo] S IN Soluzioni Informat Srl, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy. [Malorni, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Dept Environm Biol & Pharmaceut Sci & Technol, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. [Marotta, Rosa] Magna Graecia Univ Catanzaro, Dept Psychiat, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy. [Malorni, Livia] Univ Naples 2, Dept Expt Med, Sect Hyg Occupat Med & Forens Med,Sch Med, I-80138 Naples, Italy. RP Cozzolino, R (reprint author), CNR, Inst Food Sci, Via Roma 64, I-83100 Avellino, Italy. 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Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 406 IS 19 BP 4649 EP 4662 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-7855-z PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AL5EE UT WOS:000339155500009 PM 24828982 ER PT J AU Liu, YZ Li, BS Tan, RJ Zhu, XL Wang, YD AF Liu, Yongzhuang Li, Bingshan Tan, Renjie Zhu, Xiaolin Wang, Yadong TI A gradient-boosting approach for filtering de novo mutations in parent-offspring trios SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION SEQUENCING DATA; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; SOMATIC MUTATION; DISCOVERY; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; MACHINE; RATES AB Motivation: Whole-genome and -exome sequencing on parent-offspring trios is a powerful approach to identifying disease-associated genes by detecting de novo mutations in patients. Accurate detection of de novo mutations from sequencing data is a critical step in triobased genetic studies. Existing bioinformatic approaches usually yield high error rates due to sequencing artifacts and alignment issues, which may either miss true de novo mutations or call too many false ones, making downstream validation and analysis difficult. In particular, current approaches have much worse specificity than sensitivity, and developing effective filters to discriminate genuine from spurious de novo mutations remains an unsolved challenge. Results: In this article, we curated 59 sequence features in whole genome and exome alignment context which are considered to be relevant to discriminating true de novo mutations from artifacts, and then employed a machine-learning approach to classify candidates as true or false de novo mutations. Specifically, we built a classifier, named De Novo Mutation Filter (DNMFilter), using gradient boosting as the classification algorithm. We built the training set using experimentally validated true and false de novo mutations as well as collected false de novo mutations from an in-house large-scale exomesequencing project. We evaluated DNMFilter's theoretical performance and investigated relative importance of different sequence features on the classification accuracy. Finally, we applied DNMFilter on our in-house whole exome trios and one CEU trio from the 1000 Genomes Project and found that DNMFilter could be coupled with commonly used de novo mutation detection approaches as an effective filtering approach to significantly reduce false discovery rate without sacrificing sensitivity. Availability: The software DNMFilter implemented using a combination of Java and R is freely available from the website at http:// humangenome. duke. edu/software. C1 [Liu, Yongzhuang; Tan, Renjie; Wang, Yadong] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongzhuang; Tan, Renjie; Zhu, Xiaolin] Duke Univ, Ctr Human Genome Variat, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Li, Bingshan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. FU Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project NIH [U01-NS053998]; Epi4K Project 1-Epileptic Encephalopathies NIH [U01-NS077364]; Epi4K-Sequencing, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core NIH [U01-NS077303]; Epi4K-Phenotyping and Clinical Informatics Core NIH [U01-NS077276]; Natural Science Foundation of China [61173085, 61102149]; Governmental scholarship from China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project NIH grant U01-NS053998; Epi4K Project 1-Epileptic Encephalopathies NIH grant U01-NS077364; Epi4K-Sequencing, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core NIH grant U01-NS077303; Epi4K-Phenotyping and Clinical Informatics Core NIH grant U01-NS077276; Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers: 61173085, 61102149]; Governmental scholarship from China Scholarship Council (CSC) (to Y.L. and R.T.). 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The ferritin subunits ferritin heavy chain (Fth1) and ferritin light chain (Ftl1) are tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, mechanisms of maintaining stable, basal expression of Fth1 are poorly understood. Here, we show that global deletion of Mbd5 in mice induces an iron overload phenotype. Liver and serum iron levels in Mbd5(-/-) mice were 3.2-fold and 1.5-fold higher respectively, than wild-type littermates; moreover, serum ferritin was increased >5-fold in the Mbd5(-/-) mice. Mbd5 encodes a member of the methyl-CpG binding domain family; however, the precise function of this gene is poorly understood. Here, we found that intestinal Fth1 mRNA levels were decreased in Mbd5(-/-) mice. Loss of Fth1 expression in the intestine could lead to iron over-absorption. Furthermore, deleting Mbd5 specifically in the intestine resulted in a phenotype similar to that of conditional deletion of Fth1 mice. An Fth1 promoter-report luciferase assay indicated that overexpression of Mbd5 enhanced Fth1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner. Histone H4 acetylation of the Fth1 promoter was reduced in the intestine of Mbd5(-/-) mice and further analysis showed that histone acetyltransferase KAT2A was essential for MBD5-induced Fth1 transcription. C1 [Tao, Yunlong; Wu, Qian; Guo, Xin; Zhang, Zhuzhen; Shen, Yuanyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Nutr & Metab, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Nutr Sci,Grad Sch, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Tao, Yunlong; Wu, Qian; Guo, Xin; Zhang, Zhuzhen; Wang, Fudi] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Inst Nutr & Food Safety,Collaborat Innovat Ctr Di, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Wang, FD (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM fwang@zju.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB966200, 2012BAD33B05]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31030039, 31225013, 31330036]; Distinguished Professorship Programme of Zhejiang University FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Guoliang Xu (Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, SIBS, CAS) for sharing his Mbd5-/- mice and Mbd5 expression plasmids, Dr. Yoshiaki Tsuji (North Carolina State University) for providing the Fth1-promoter 4.8 kb pGL3 plasmids, and Pere Puigserver (Harvard Medical School) for providing KAT2A expression plasmid. This study was supported by research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011CB966200, and 2012BAD33B05) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31030039, 31225013 and 31330036). This study was also supported by the Distinguished Professorship Programme of Zhejiang University (to FW). 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Psychiatr. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 465 EP + DI 10.1016/j.chc.2014.02.001 PG 23 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AL8TH UT WOS:000339411900003 PM 24975622 ER PT J AU Yinger, OS Gooding, L AF Yinger, Olivia Swedberg Gooding, Lori TI Music Therapy and Music Medicine for Children and Adolescents SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Music therapy; Music medicine; Child and adolescent psychiatry; Mental health; Research ID GROUP-PSYCHOTHERAPY; SELF-ESTEEM; AUTISM; PROGRAM; SKILLS; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; PREDICTORS; DISORDERS AB This article summarizes the research on music therapy and music medicine for children and adolescents with diagnoses commonly treated by psychiatrists. Music therapy and music medicine are defined, effects of music on the brain are described, and music therapy research in psychiatric treatment is discussed. Music therapy research with specific child/adolescent populations is summarized, including disorders usually diagnosed in childhood, substance abuse, mood/anxiety disorders, and eating disorders. Clinical implications are listed, including suggestions for health care professionals seeking to use music medicine techniques. Strengths and weaknesses of music therapy treatment are discussed, as well as areas for future research. C1 [Yinger, Olivia Swedberg; Gooding, Lori] Univ Kentucky, Coll Fine Arts, Sch Mus, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Yinger, OS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Fine Arts, Sch Mus, 105 Fine Arts, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. 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Currently, the standard of care is early behavioral therapy. No approved medical treatments for the diagnostic symptoms are available. Strong evidence for genetic causes of autism implicates proteins that mediate synaptic transmission and structure. Mouse models with targeted mutations in these synaptic genes display behavioral symptoms relevant to the social communication abnormalities and repetitive behaviors that define autism spectrum disorder (ASD), along with biological abnormalities in synaptic physiology and morphology. As we discuss here, promising pharmacological targets, emerging from the mouse model studies, are now being pursued in early clinical trials. Thus, a high-prevalence disorder that was previously considered to be medically untreatable is now moving into the therapeutic arena. C1 [Silverman, Jill L.; Crawley, Jacqueline N.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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Today PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 7 BP 838 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.12.007 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AL5BO UT WOS:000339148700007 PM 24362109 ER PT J AU Terzian, ALB Micale, V Wotjak, CT AF Terzian, Ana Luisa B. Micale, Vincenzo Wotjak, Carsten T. TI Cannabinoid receptor type 1 receptors on GABAergic vs. glutamatergic neurons differentially gate sex-dependent social interest in mice SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CB1; depression; GABA; glutamate; sexual interest; social behavior ID ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM; ANXIETY RESPONSES; BIMODAL CONTROL; KNOCKOUT MICE; ANIMAL-MODELS; CB1; BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; FEAR; AROUSAL AB Abnormalities in social behavior are found in almost all psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, autism, and schizophrenia. Thus, comprehension of the neurobiological basis of social interaction is important for a better understanding of numerous pathologies and improved treatments. Several findings have suggested that an alteration of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor function could be involved in the pathophysiology of such disorders. However, the role of CB1 receptors is still unclear, and their localisation on different neuronal subpopulations may produce distinct outcomes. To dissect the role of CB1 receptors in different neuronal populations, we used male knockout mice and their respective control littermates [total deletion (CB1(-/-)); specific deletion on cortical glutamatergic neurons (Glu-CB1(-/-)) or on GABAergic interneurons (GABA-CB1(-/-)), and wild-type (WT) mice treated with the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716A (3 mg/kg). Mice were required to perform different social tasks - direct social interaction and social investigation. Direct interaction of two male mice was not modified in any group; however, when they were paired with females, Glu-CB1(-/-) mice showed reduced interaction. Also, exploration of the male stimulus subject in the three-chamber social investigation test was almost unaffected. The situation was completely different when a female was used as the stimulus subject. In this case, Glu-CB1(-/-) mice showed reduced interest in the social stimulus, mimicking the phenotype of CB1(-/-) or WT mice treated with SR141716A. GABA-CB1(-/-) mice showed the opposite phenotype, by spending more time investigating the social stimulus. In conclusion, we provide evidence that CB1 receptors specifically modulate the social investigation of female mice in a neuronal subtype-specific manner. C1 [Terzian, Ana Luisa B.; Micale, Vincenzo; Wotjak, Carsten T.] Max Planck Inst Psychiat, Res Grp Neural Plast, D-80804 Munich, Germany. [Terzian, Ana Luisa B.] Univ Munich, Grad Sch Syst Neurosci, Munich, Germany. [Micale, Vincenzo] Masaryk Univ, Cent European Inst Technol CEITEC, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Wotjak, CT (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Psychiat, Res Grp Neural Plast, Kraepelinstr 2-10, D-80804 Munich, Germany. EM wotjak@mpipsykl.mpg.de FU CNPq [290008/2009-3]; ECNP Research Grant for Young Scientists; project 'CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology' from the European Regional Development Fund [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068] FX A. L. Terzian is supported by a CNPq scholarship (process 290008/2009-3), and V. Micale was supported by an ECNP Research Grant for Young Scientists 2010 and by the project 'CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology' (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068) from the European Regional Development Fund. CR Ace J. 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TI Validation of a French version of the Theory of Mind Inventory (ToMI-vf) SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE LA French DT Article DE ToMI-vf validation; Theory of mind ID THEORY-OF-MIND; TYPICALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; AUTISM SPECTRUM; FALSE BELIEF; DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS; PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION; SOCIAL-ADJUSTMENT; EMOTION; KNOWLEDGE AB Introduction and objective. This article presents the translation method, in French, of the 'Theory of Mind Inventory' questionnaire (ToMI, Hutchins, Prelock, & Bonazinga, 2012) assessing adults' perception about children' abilities in Theory of Mind. Method. It reports results of three validation studies of the French-version of ToMI (ToMI-vf) filled by parents of preschoolers. Results. The study 1 (n = 107) shows a very high internal consistency and a structure in three factors. The study 2 (n = 54) confirms criterion-related validity. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.erap.2014.02.002 PG 11 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA AL5BS UT WOS:000339149100002 ER PT J AU Yangngam, S Plong-On, O Sripo, T Roongpraiwan, R Hansakunachai, T Wirojanan, J Sombuntham, T Ruangdaraganon, N Limprasert, P AF Yangngam, Supaporn Plong-On, Oradawan Sripo, Thanya Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan Hansakunachai, Tippawan Wirojanan, Juthamas Sombuntham, Tasnawat Ruangdaraganon, Nichara Limprasert, Pornprot TI Mutation Screening of the Neurexin 1 Gene in Thai Patients with Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder SO GENETIC TESTING AND MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL VARIANTS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INDIVIDUALS; DELETIONS; NRXN1; ADHESION; NLGN3 AB Aim: Neurexin 1 has two major protein isoforms using alternative promoters, coding for the alpha-neurexin 1 (alpha-NRXN1) and beta-neurexin 1 (beta-NRXN1) genes. This study is to explore the possibility that variants of the NRXN1 gene predispose to intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: The coding regions in 24 exons and exon-intron boundaries of the NRXN1 gene were investigated in 115 Thai patients with ID and ASD by direct DNA sequencing. Results: Nine novel variants of the NRXN1 gene were identified. Four novel variants were found in the beta-NRXN1 gene, one variant of six GGC repeats in exon 1, and three variants at the 5'UTR. Five novel variants were identified in the alpha-NRXN1 gene, four intronic variants and one missense variant in exon 14 (c.2713T > A or p.F905I). Conclusion: Mutation screening of the NRXN1gene in patients with ID and ASD may be useful to identify potential variants predisposing to ID and ASD. However, further studies utilizing protein functional analysis of the novel variants are required for a more definite conclusion. C1 [Yangngam, Supaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Grad Program Biomed Sci, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Yangngam, Supaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med Technol, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Plong-On, Oradawan; Sripo, Thanya; Limprasert, Pornprot] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Div Human Genet, Dept Pathol, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. [Roongpraiwan, Rawiwan; Sombuntham, Tasnawat; Ruangdaraganon, Nichara] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Hansakunachai, Tippawan] Thammasat Univ, Dept Pediat, Fac Med, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Wirojanan, Juthamas] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. RP Limprasert, P (reprint author), Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Med, Div Human Genet, Dept Pathol, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. EM lpornpro@yahoo.com FU National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) [BT-B-01-MG-18-4814]; Faculty of Medicine [48/364-006, 48/364-006-1, 48/364-006-2]; Prince of Songkla University [MED5202355, MED5406475] FX This study was supported by the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) grant no. BT-B-01-MG-18-4814, and co-research funding between the Faculty of Medicine (48/364-006, 48/364-006-1 and 48/364-006-2) and Prince of Songkla University (MED5202355 and MED5406475). 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Test. Mol. Biomark. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 7 BP 510 EP 515 DI 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0003 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AL8MG UT WOS:000339392600010 PM 24832020 ER PT J AU Chan, DFY Chan, SHY So, HK Li, AM Ng, RCM Tsang, N AF Chan, D. F. Y. Chan, S. H. Y. So, H. K. Li, A. M. Ng, R. C. M. Tsang, N. TI Dental Health of Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Hong Kong SO HONG KONG JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Austism spectrum disorder; Dental health; Preschool children ID CARIES EXPERIENCE; CARE NEEDS; PROGRAM AB Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were reported to have higher rates of unmet dental needs and behavioural problems that leading to dental care or oral hygiene problems. With the lack of dental services for preschool children in Hong Kong, the severity of dental problems in this group of children has not been documented locally. The aim of this study is to evaluate how well the preschool aged children with autism spectrum disorder comply with the recommendations from the dental profession, namely of tooth brushing habits, dental visits and rate of dental caries. Seventy percent of the 196 recruited children diagnosed with ASD with a mean age of 5.36 years from thirteen rehabilitation centres had established a twice daily tooth brushing habit at a mean age of 2.5 years. Eight-three of the children reported to have behavioural problems during toothbrushing. Thirty-six percent of these behavioural problems were unrelated to the toothbrushing procedure, including crying, screaming and other aggressive behaviour. Twenty-six percent suffered from dental caries of which 60% were reported as severe. Only 48% of them had visited dental services, the majority of these attending for dental checkups. Dental caries was significant higher in mother with low educational level and low-income families with children of ASD. Dental problems in this group of children are not a minor issue. A primary screening dental checkup service for preschool children with ASD especially in low-income families should be deeply considered in Hong Kong. C1 [Chan, D. F. Y.; Chan, S. H. Y.; So, H. K.; Li, A. M.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Ng, R. C. M.; Tsang, N.] Heep Hong Soc, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chan, DFY (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th [Anonymous], 2001, OR HLTH SURV 2001 RE Carvalho TS, 2012, BRAZ ORAL RES, V26, P557, DOI 10.1590/S1806-83242012000600012 Jaber MA, 2011, J APPL ORAL SCI, V19, P212, DOI 10.1590/S1678-77572011000300006 Jokela J, 2003, ACTA ODONTOL SCAND, V61, P110, DOI 10.1080/00016350310002450 Kogan MD, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V122, pE1149, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-1057 Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, 2008, PEDIATR DENT, V30, P54 Kuhaneck Heather Miller, 2012, Spec Care Dentist, V32, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00283.x Lai BE, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1294, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1362-2 Locker D, 2004, J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT, V64, P63, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02729.x Loo CY, 2008, J AM DENT ASSOC, V139, P1518 Marshall J, 2007, PEDIATR DENT, V29, P369 Morinushi Takanobu, 2001, J CLIN PEDIATR DENT, V25, P323 NCBDDD, 2012, CDC DAT STAT AUT SPE Nelson LP, 2011, PEDIATR DENT, V33, P29 Orellana LM, 2012, MED ORAL PATOL ORAL, V17, pE415, DOI 10.4317/medoral.17573 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), 2005, PREV MAN DENT DEC PR U.S. National Institutes of Health National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, PRACT OR CAR PEOPL A Wong VCN, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P67, DOI 10.1177/0883073807308702 Woo EKF, 2007, 3 CASER NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MEDCOM LTD PI CHAI WAN PA ROOM 504-5, CHEUNG TAT CENTRE, 18 CHEUNG LEE ST, CHAI WAN, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1013-9923 J9 HONG KONG J PAEDIATR JI Hong Kong J. Paediatr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL8UJ UT WOS:000339414900004 ER PT J AU Yang, WZ Zhao, YJ AF Yang, W. Z. Zhao, Y. J. TI Clinical Report: A Female with Down Syndrome and Autism SO HONG KONG JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Comorbidity; Down syndrome ID DISORDERS AB Objective: The association of autism and Down syndrome (DS) is comparatively uncommon, especially in females. We report a female patient with both DS and autism with detailed clinical information. Methods: The diagnosis of DS based on a particular set of facial characteristics, delayed growth and chromosomal analysis. Autism Behavior Checklist and the DSM-IV criteria of autism were used for the diagnosis of autism. Case presentation: A five-year-old girl was sent to our department due to unusual social development, language delay and restricted behaviour. At 8 months, she was diagnosed to have DS with the karyotype of 47, XX, +21. Autism was diagnosed based on the behaviour and the DSM-IV criteria. On the modified ABC, the score given by her mother was 90, which further supported the diagnosis. Conclusion: With low index of suspicion, autism/autism spectrum disorders can easily be missed in patients with DS. Increase in awareness that the 2 conditions can coexist in the same patient is important to paediatricians. C1 [Yang, W. Z.; Zhao, Y. J.] China Med Univ, Shengjing Hosp, Dept Dev Pediat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, YJ (reprint author), China Med Univ, Shengjing Hosp, Dept Dev Pediat, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [81101019] FX This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81101019). Special thanks to the patient and her guardian for their support and participation. 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Mueller, Ralph-Axel TI Atypical Cross Talk Between Mentalizing and Mirror Neuron Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JAMA PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; RESTING HUMAN BRAIN; STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MIND; IMITATION; CHILDREN; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; DEFICITS AB IMPORTANCE Converging evidence indicates that brain abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involve atypical network connectivity, but it is unclear whether altered connectivity is especially prominent in brain networks that participate in social cognition. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether adolescents with ASD show altered functional connectivity in 2 brain networks putatively impaired in ASD and involved in social processing, theory of mind (ToM) and mirror neuron system (MNS). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging involving 25 adolescents with ASD between the ages of 11 and 18 years and 25 typically developing adolescents matched for age, handedness, and nonverbal IQ. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Statistical parametric maps testing the degree of whole-brain functional connectivity and social functioning measures. RESULTS Relative to typically developing controls, participants with ASD showed a mixed pattern of both over- and underconnectivity in the ToM network, which was associated with greater social impairment. Increased connectivity in the ASD group was detected primarily between the regions of the MNS and ToM, and was correlated with sociocommunicative measures, suggesting that excessive ToM-MNS cross talk might be associated with social impairment. In a secondary analysis comparing a subset of the 15 participants with ASD with the most severe symptomology and a tightly matched subset of 15 typically developing controls, participants with ASD showed exclusive overconnectivity effects in both ToM and MNS networks, which were also associated with greater social dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adolescents with ASD showed atypically increased functional connectivity involving the mentalizing and mirror neuron systems, largely reflecting greater cross talk between the 2. This finding is consistent with emerging evidence of reduced network segregation in ASD and challenges the prevailing theory of general long-distance underconnectivity in ASD. This excess ToM-MNS connectivity may reflect immature or aberrant developmental processes in 2 brain networks involved in understanding of others, a domain of impairment in ASD. Further, robust links with sociocommunicative symptoms of ASD implicate atypically increased ToM-MNS connectivity in social deficits observed in ASD. C1 [Fishman, Irina; Keown, Christopher L.; Mueller, Ralph-Axel] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Lincoln, Alan J.] Alliant Int Univ, San Diego, CA USA. [Pineda, Jaime A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fishman, I (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, Dept Psychol, 6363 Alvarado Ct,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. EM ifishman@mail.sdsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 MH081023, K01 MH097972]; Autism Science Foundation [12-1001]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs grant [AR093335] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (grants R01 MH081023 to Dr Muller and K01 MH097972 to Dr Fishman) and the Autism Science Foundation (grant 12-1001 to Dr Fishman). Data acquisition in 7 participants was funded by a Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs grant (grant AR093335 to Dr Pineda). 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[Dong, Zhengchao] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Dong, ZC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. CR Goh S, 2014, JAMA PSYCHIAT, V71, P665, DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.179 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-622X EI 2168-6238 J9 JAMA PSYCHIAT JI JAMA Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 840 EP 840 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AL5HU UT WOS:000339165200020 ER PT J AU Molteni, P d'Alonzo, L Colombo, M AF Molteni, P. d'Alonzo, L. Colombo, M. TI The importance of explaining autism to peers for promoting social inclusion and interaction in mainstream school classrooms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Molteni, P.; d'Alonzo, L.; Colombo, M.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, I-20123 Milan, Italy. EM paola.molteni@unicatt.it NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800038 ER PT J AU Hock, R Kim, I Kinsman, A AF Hock, R. Kim, I. Kinsman, A. TI Family management ability among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hock, R.; Kim, I.; Kinsman, A.] Univ S Carolina, Coll Social Work, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM roberth@sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 298 EP 299 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800053 ER PT J AU Sinzig, J Vinzelberg, I Evers, D Lehmkuhl, G AF Sinzig, J. Vinzelberg, I. Evers, D. Lehmkuhl, G. TI Executive function and attention profiles in preschool and elementary school children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract EM judith.sinzig@lvr.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 298 EP 298 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800048 ER PT J AU Bergmann, T Sappok, T Ziegler, M Dames, S Diefenbacher, A Dziobek, I AF Bergmann, T. Sappok, T. Ziegler, M. Dames, S. Diefenbacher, A. Dziobek, I. TI Music-based autism diagnostics (MUSAD): a newly developed diagnostic measure for adults with intellectual developmental disabilities suspected of autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bergmann, T.; Sappok, T.; Ziegler, M.; Dames, S.; Diefenbacher, A.; Dziobek, I.] Evangel Krankenhaus Konigin Elisabeth Herzberge g, Dept Psychiat, Berlin, Germany. EM bergmann.t@t-online.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800078 ER PT J AU Sappok, T Gaul, I Diefenbacher, A Bergmann, T Dziobek, I Bolte, S Heinrich, M AF Sappok, T. Gaul, I. Diefenbacher, A. Bergmann, T. Dziobek, I. Boelte, S. Heinrich, M. TI The diagnostic behavioral assessment for autism spectrum disorder - revised: a screening instrument for adults with intellectual disability suspected of autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sappok, T.; Gaul, I.; Diefenbacher, A.; Bergmann, T.; Dziobek, I.; Boelte, S.; Heinrich, M.] Konigin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Evangel Krankenhaus, Dept Psychiat, Berlin, Germany. EM tanja.sappok@t-online.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800079 ER PT J AU Sappok, T Diefenbacher, A Gaul, I Bolte, S AF Sappok, T. Diefenbacher, A. Gaul, I. Boelte, S. TI Validity of the social communication questionnaire in adults with intellectual disabilities and suspected autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sappok, T.; Diefenbacher, A.; Gaul, I.; Boelte, S.] Konigin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Evangel Krankenhaus, Dept Psychiat, Berlin, Germany. EM tanja.sappok@t-online.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800080 ER PT J AU Underwood, L McCarthy, J Chaplin, E AF Underwood, L. McCarthy, J. Chaplin, E. TI Screening for autism spectrum disorder in specialist mental health and forensic settings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Underwood, L.; McCarthy, J.; Chaplin, E.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM lisa.underwood@kcl.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800081 ER PT J AU Baker, B Blacher, J AF Baker, B. Blacher, J. TI Behavior problems and mental disorders in adolescents with autism spectrum diorder, intellectual disability, or typical cognitive development I: group comparisons SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baker, B.; Blacher, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM baker@psych.ucla.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800086 ER PT J AU Blacher, J Baker, BL AF Blacher, J. Baker, B. L. TI Behavior problems and mental disorders in adolescents with autism spectrum diorder, intellectual disability, or typical cognitive development II: collateral effects on parents SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blacher, J.; Baker, B. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM jan.blacher@ucr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800087 ER PT J AU Chester, V Esan, F Chester, V Gunaratna, IJ Hoare, S Alexander, RT AF Chester, V. Esan, F. Chester, V. Gunaratna, I. J. Hoare, S. Alexander, R. T. TI The clinical, forensic, and treatment outcome factors of people with autism spectrum disorder treated in a forensic intellectual disability setting SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chester, V.; Esan, F.; Chester, V.; Gunaratna, I. J.; Hoare, S.; Alexander, R. T.] Partnerships Care Learning Disabil Serv, Diss, Norfolk, England. EM verity.chester@partnershipsincare.co.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800114 ER PT J AU Benson, PR AF Benson, P. R. TI The impact of educational involvement on psychological adjustment among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Benson, P. R.] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM paul.benson@umb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800132 ER PT J AU Bergmann, T Heinrich, M Diefenbacher, A Sappok, T AF Bergmann, T. Heinrich, M. Diefenbacher, A. Sappok, T. TI Inclusion in diagnostics/health care: a multiprofessional approach for diagnosing autism in adults with intellectual disabilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bergmann, T.; Heinrich, M.; Diefenbacher, A.; Sappok, T.] Evangel Krankenhaus Konigin Elisabeth Herzberge g, Dept Psychiat, Berlin, Germany. EM bergmann.t@t-online.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800220 ER PT J AU de Vaan, G Vervloed, MPJ Knoors, H Verhoeven, L AF de Vaan, G. Vervloed, M. P. J. Knoors, H. Verhoeven, L. TI Diagnosing autism in people with multiple disabilities: introducing a new instrument SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [de Vaan, G.; Vervloed, M. P. J.; Knoors, H.; Verhoeven, L.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM g.devaan@pwo.ru.nl RI Vervloed, Mathijs/D-6094-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800221 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, B AF Ratcliffe, B. TI Emotion-based social skills training for children with autism spectrum disorder and mild intellectual disability: a controlled intervention study of 75 children in Australian primary schools SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ratcliffe, B.] Univ Sydney, Childrens Hosp Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM belinda.jones@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800219 ER PT J AU Lundqvist, LO AF Lundqvist, L. O. TI Factors predicting social dysfunction in people with autism: a multiple mediation model approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lundqvist, L. O.] Univ Orebro, Rehabil Res Ctr, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden. EM lars-olov.lundqvist@orebroll.se NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 326 EP 326 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800222 ER PT J AU Underwood, L McCarthy, J Tsakanikos, E Craig, T Howlin, P Bouras, N AF Underwood, L. McCarthy, J. Tsakanikos, E. Craig, T. Howlin, P. Bouras, N. TI Predictors of challenging behaviour among specialist mental health service users with intellectual disability and autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Underwood, L.; McCarthy, J.; Tsakanikos, E.; Craig, T.; Howlin, P.; Bouras, N.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM lisa.underwood@kcl.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 326 EP 326 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800223 ER PT J AU Baines, S Christie, A Hatton, C AF Baines, S. Christie, A. Hatton, C. TI People with autism and the criminal justice system in England: data from the autism self assessment framework SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baines, S.; Christie, A.; Hatton, C.] Univ Lancaster, Publ Hlth England Learning Disabil Publ Hlth Obse, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. EM chris.hatton@lancaster.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 333 EP 334 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800263 ER PT J AU Richardson, L Beadle-Brown, J Leigh, J Whelton, R Bradshaw, J AF Richardson, L. Beadle-Brown, J. Leigh, J. Whelton, R. Bradshaw, J. TI Quality of life and quality of support for people with severe Intellectual disabilities and autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richardson, L.; Beadle-Brown, J.; Leigh, J.; Whelton, R.; Bradshaw, J.] Univ Kent, Tizard Ctr, Canterbury, Kent, England. EM l.j.richardson-29@kent.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 341 EP 341 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800311 ER PT J AU Beadle-Brown, J Richardson, L Wilkinson, D Shaughnessy, N Trimingham, M Leigh, J Whelton, B Himmerich, J AF Beadle-Brown, J. Richardson, L. Wilkinson, D. Shaughnessy, N. Trimingham, M. Leigh, J. Whelton, B. Himmerich, J. TI Imagining Autism: impact of a drama based intervention on the social communicative and imaginative behaviour of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beadle-Brown, J.; Richardson, L.; Wilkinson, D.; Shaughnessy, N.; Trimingham, M.; Leigh, J.; Whelton, B.; Himmerich, J.] Univ Kent, Tizard Ctr, Canterbury, Kent, England. EM j.d.beadle-brown@kent.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 343 EP 343 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800321 ER PT J AU Richardson, L Beadle-Brown, J Wilkinson, D Shaughnessy, N Trimingham, M Leigh, J Whelton, R Himmerich, J AF Richardson, L. Beadle-Brown, J. Wilkinson, D. Shaughnessy, N. Trimingham, M. Leigh, J. Whelton, R. Himmerich, J. TI Imagining Autism: evaluation of a drama based intervention for children with autism - the views of teachers and parents SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richardson, L.; Beadle-Brown, J.; Wilkinson, D.; Shaughnessy, N.; Trimingham, M.; Leigh, J.; Whelton, R.; Himmerich, J.] Univ Kent, Tizard Ctr, Canterbury, Kent, England. EM l.j.richardson-29@kent.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 343 EP 344 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800324 ER PT J AU Guest, C Marno, R Finn, A Richardson, L Malovic, A Beadle-Brown, J Pritchard, A AF Guest, C. Marno, R. Finn, A. Richardson, L. Malovic, A. Beadle-Brown, J. Pritchard, A. TI Promoting participation of people with autism and learning disabilities in research: lessons and experiences from the Living in Fear Project SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Guest, C.; Marno, R.; Finn, A.; Richardson, L.; Malovic, A.; Beadle-Brown, J.; Pritchard, A.] Mcch Soc Ltd, Maidstone, Kent, England. EM enableuk@btinternet.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 345 EP 345 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800334 ER PT J AU Hodgetts, S McConnell, D Zwaigenbaum, L Nicholas, D AF Hodgetts, S. McConnell, D. Zwaigenbaum, L. Nicholas, D. TI The relationship between autism services and mothers' wellbeing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hodgetts, S.; McConnell, D.; Zwaigenbaum, L.; Nicholas, D.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM sandra.hodgetts@ualberta.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800382 ER PT J AU Hastings, RP Petalas, MA AF Hastings, R. P. Petalas, M. A. TI Self-reported behaviour problems and sibling relationship quality by siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hastings, R. P.; Petalas, M. A.] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM r.hastings@warwick.ac.uk RI Hastings, Richard/D-9657-2013 OI Hastings, Richard/0000-0002-0495-8270 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800444 ER PT J AU Boonen, H Lambrechts, G Maljaars, J Zink, I Van Leeuwen, K Noens, I AF Boonen, H. Lambrechts, G. Maljaars, J. Zink, I. Van Leeuwen, K. Noens, I. TI Parenting in families of school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder: an observational study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boonen, H.; Lambrechts, G.; Maljaars, J.; Zink, I.; Van Leeuwen, K.; Noens, I.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Parenting & Special Educ Res Unit, Leuven, Belgium. EM hannah.boonen@ppw.kuleuven.be NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800454 ER PT J AU Maljaars, J Lambrechts, G Boonen, H Van Leeuwen, K Noens, I AF Maljaars, J. Lambrechts, G. Boonen, H. Van Leeuwen, K. Noens, I. TI Exploring parenting behaviour in families of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and/or intellectual disability SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Maljaars, J.; Lambrechts, G.; Boonen, H.; Van Leeuwen, K.; Noens, I.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Parenting & Special Educ Res Unit, Leuven, Belgium. EM jarymke.maljaars@ppw.kuleuven.be NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 365 EP 365 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800455 ER PT J AU Van Hees, V Moyson, T Roeyers, H AF Van Hees, V. Moyson, T. Roeyers, H. TI Enhancing the transition from secondary school to post-secondary education for students with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Hees, V.; Moyson, T.; Roeyers, H.] Artevelde Univ Coll Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. EM valerie.vanhees@arteveldehs.be NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800513 ER PT J AU Kado, Y Sanada, S Ogino, T Ohno, S Watanabe, K Nakano, K Morooka, T Oka, M Kobayashi, K AF Kado, Y. Sanada, S. Ogino, T. Ohno, S. Watanabe, K. Nakano, K. Morooka, T. Oka, M. Kobayashi, K. TI Examining executive function in children with autism with comorbid ADHD using the Wisconsin card sorting test SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kado, Y.; Sanada, S.; Ogino, T.; Ohno, S.; Watanabe, K.; Nakano, K.; Morooka, T.; Oka, M.; Kobayashi, K.] Kansai Univ, Fac Letters, Dept Psychol, Suita, Osaka, Japan. EM kado@kansai-u.ac.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800556 ER PT J AU Kwek, C Lee, B Teng, J AF Kwek, C. Lee, B. Teng, J. TI Understanding factors influencing challenging behaviours among children with autism spectrum disorders and multiple disabilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kwek, C.; Lee, B.; Teng, J.] AWWA Sch, AWWA, Singapore, Singapore. EM christinekwek@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800558 ER PT J AU Lee, W Kwak, SC Kim, HJ Shi, M AF Lee, W. Kwak, S. C. Kim, H. J. Shi, M. TI A study on experience of parents for the transition to middle school of students with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, W.; Kwak, S. C.; Kim, H. J.; Shi, M.] Kongju Natl Univ, Gongju, South Korea. EM 2weonhee@hanmail.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800559 ER PT J AU Molteni, P d'Alonzo, L Colombo, M AF Molteni, P. d'Alonzo, L. Colombo, M. TI The impact of sensory issues on children on the autism spectrum in mainstream classrooms: teachers' perspectives and training needs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Molteni, P.; d'Alonzo, L.; Colombo, M.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Sch Educ, Res Ctr Disabil & Marginal, I-20123 Milan, Italy. EM paola.molteni@unicatt.it NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800560 ER PT J AU Poon, KK Chew, I Tan, A Teh, J AF Poon, K. K. Chew, I. Tan, A. Teh, J. TI The effectiveness of the T.Jacket for children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Poon, K. K.; Chew, I.; Tan, A.; Teh, J.] T Ware Private Ltd, Singapore, Singapore. EM kenneth.poon@nie.edu.sg NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 384 EP 384 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800564 ER PT J AU Yamane, K Fujii, Y AF Yamane, K. Fujii, Y. TI Supports for children with autism who have unbalanced diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yamane, K.; Fujii, Y.] Hiroshima City Seibu Ctr Childrens Treatment & Gu, Saeki Ku, Hiroshima, Japan. EM holycow@jb3.so-net.ne.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800573 ER PT J AU Kosel, M Peyruchaud, L Fallevoz, B Caharel, D Traore, MC Galli-Carminati, G AF Kosel, M. Peyruchaud, L. Fallevoz, B. Caharel, D. Traore, M. -C. Galli-Carminati, G. TI Mixed socio-educative and psychiatric therapeutic living structure for patients with autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability and challenging behaviour SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kosel, M.; Peyruchaud, L.; Fallevoz, B.; Caharel, D.; Traore, M. -C.; Galli-Carminati, G.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Psychiat Unit Mental Dev, Geneva, Switzerland. EM markus.kosel@hcuge.ch NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 388 EP 389 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800594 ER PT J AU Kanfiszer, L Collins, S AF Kanfiszer, L. Collins, S. TI The lived experiences of women with an autism spectrum disorder: a narrative inquiry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kanfiszer, L.; Collins, S.] Univ Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. EM lkanfi@essex.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800623 ER PT J AU Petropoulou, E AF Petropoulou, E. TI Playworkers' perceptions of friendships among adolescents with high functioning autism/Asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Petropoulou, E.] Univ Edinburgh, Moray House Sch Educ, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. EM evangelia.petropoulou@cgu.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2322 EI 1468-3148 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 397 EP 397 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AL2YW UT WOS:000338992800651 ER PT J AU Klitzman, R Abbate, KJ Chung, WK Ottman, R Leu, CS Appelbaum, PS AF Klitzman, Robert Abbate, Kristopher J. Chung, Wendy K. Ottman, Ruth Leu, Cheng-Shiun Appelbaum, Paul S. TI Views of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Among Psychiatrists and Neurologists SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; doctor-patient communication; ethics; eugenics; gender selection; obstetrics/gynecology; preimplantation genetic diagnosis; prenatal genetic testing ID ATTITUDES; PHYSICIANS; RATES; CHINA; PGD AB OBJECTIVE: To examine key aspects of neurologists' and psychiatrists' views and approaches regarding prenatal genetic testing (GT) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). STUDY DESIGN: We surveyed attitudes and practices among 163 neurologists and 372 psychiatrists. RESULTS: A total of 24.9% of neurologists and 31.9% of psychiatrists had discussed prenatal GT with patients, but 95.3% did not feel comfortable discussing PGD; only 2.9% discussed it, and only 1.8% had patients ask about PGD. Most would refer for PGD for Huntington's disease and Tay-Sachs disease, fewer for cystic fibrosis, and fewer still for autism, Alzheimer's disease, or gender selection for family balancing; in each of these cases, psychiatrists' percentages were higher than those of neurologists. Providers who would refer for PGD for Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, or gender selection differed from others in proportions of patients with insurance and were more likely to have undergone a GT themselves and be concerned about discrimination. CONCLUSION: These data, the first to examine how neurologists and psychiatrists view PGD, suggest that they do not feel comfortable discussing PGD but have strong views about its use. Potential PGD use is associated with concerns about discrimination and less experience with GT. These data highlight the need for enhancing education about these technologies among various providers. C1 Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Klitzman, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Clin Psychiat, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 15, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rlk2@columbia.edu RI Ottman, Ruth/O-2371-2013 FU National Human Genome Research Institute [1P20HG005535-01, 1P50HG007257-01] FX This work was supported by National Human Genome Research Institute grants #1P20HG005535-01 and #1P50HG007257-01 (Paul Appelbaum, Principal Investigator). CR ACOG Committee on Genetics, 2009, OBSTET GYNECOL, V113, P1194 Asch S, 2000, J GEN INTERN MED, V15, P591, DOI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.02329.x Baruch S, 2006, FERTIL STERIL, V89, P1 Brandt AC, 2010, FAM CANCER, V9, P479, DOI 10.1007/s10689-010-9343-8 Chan CLW, 2002, J ASSIST REPROD GEN, V19, P426, DOI 10.1023/A:1016815807703 Cull WL, 2005, HEALTH SERV RES, V40, P213, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00350.x Das Gupta M, 2003, J DEV STUD, V40, P153, DOI 10.1080/00220380412331293807 Demko ZP, 2010, J C EMBRYOLOGY, V13, P6 Amato P, 2013, FERTIL STERIL, V100, P54, DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.043 Galea S, 2007, ANN EPIDEMIOL, V17, P643, DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.013 GUADAGNOLI E, 1989, EVAL HEALTH PROF, V12, P318, DOI 10.1177/016327878901200306 Hovland E J, 1980, J Dent Educ, V44, P270 Hudson KL, 2006, FERTIL STERIL, V85, P1638, DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.014 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 2013, PGD COND LIC HFEA Kellerman SE, 2001, AM J PREV MED, V20, P61, DOI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00258-0 Klitzman R, 2013, REPROD BIOMED ONLINE, V26, P142, DOI 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.11.006 Kokkali G, 2007, HUM REPROD, V22, P1443, DOI 10.1093/humrep/del506 Melnyk SA, 2012, J PURCH SUPPLY MANAG, V18, P35, DOI 10.1016/j.pursup.2011.12.002 Ogilvie CM, 2005, J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM, V53, P255, DOI 10.1369/jhc.4B6395.2005 Traeger-Synodinos J, 2013, INT J LAB HEMATOL, V35, P571, DOI 10.1111/ijlh.12086 Traeger-Synodinos J, 2013, HUM REPROD, V28, P18 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 EI 1943-3565 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 59 IS 7-8 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AL8UG UT WOS:000339414600008 PM 25098029 ER PT J AU Vinet, E Scott, S Pineau, C Joseph, L Clarke, A Fombonne, E Platt, R Bernatsky, S AF Vinet, Evelyne Scott, Susan Pineau, Christian Joseph, Lawrence Clarke, Ann Fombonne, Eric Platt, Robert Bernatsky, Sasha TI Increased Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children Born to Women with SLE: Preliminary Data from the OSLER Cohort SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Rheumatology-Association (CRA) CY FEB 24-MAR 01, 2014 CL Whistler, CANADA SP Canadian Rheumatol Assoc C1 [Vinet, Evelyne; Pineau, Christian] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Joseph, Lawrence] McGill Univ, Res Inst, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Clarke, Ann; Bernatsky, Sasha] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 365 BLOOR ST E, STE 901, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3L4, CANADA SN 0315-162X EI 1499-2752 J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 MA 5 BP 1436 EP 1436 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA AL1YU UT WOS:000338923700034 ER PT J AU Wolff, ER Madlon-Kay, DJ AF Wolff, Emily R. Madlon-Kay, Diane J. TI Childhood Vaccine Beliefs Reported by Somali and Non-Somali Parents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Measles; Somalia; Vaccination; Immunization ID MEASLES AB Background: In 2011, an outbreak of measles in Minnesota was traced back to an unvaccinated Somali child. The purpose of this project was to (1) ascertain whether Somali parents are more likely than non-Somalis to refuse childhood vaccinations, particularly the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and (2) determine what factors influence the decision not to vaccinate. Methods: We explored parental perceptions and utilization of vaccines through a survey distributed to a convenience sample of Somali and non-Somali parents of children <= 5 years old in a family medicine clinic in Minneapolis, MN. Results: A total of 99 surveys were completed, 28% (n = 27) by Somali parents. Somali parents were more likely than non-Somali parents to have refused the MMR vaccine for their child (odds ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-18.0). Most of them refused vaccines because they had heard of adverse effects associated with the vaccine or personally knew someone who suffered an adverse effect. Somali parents were significantly more likely to believe that autism is caused by vaccines (35% vs. 8% of non-Somali parents). Somalis were also more likely to be uncomfortable with administering multiple vaccines at one visit (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.9) and more likely to believe that children receive too many vaccines. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences in perceptions and use of vaccines were reported by Somali and non-Somali participants. Somali parents are more likely to believe that the MMR vaccine causes autism and more likely to refuse the MMR vaccine than non-Somali parents. These beliefs have contributed to an immunization gap between Somali and non-Somali children. C1 [Madlon-Kay, Diane J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wolff, ER (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Med Sch Twin Cities, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM smit6761@umn.edu FU David Mercy Summer Externship Program of the Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Foundation; Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians; American Academy of Family Physicians FX Funding: The study was funded by the David Mercy Summer Externship Program of the Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Foundation, The Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. CR Lynfield R., 2011, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V60, P421 McLean Huong, 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V61, P253 Hewitt A, 2013, MINNEAPOLIS SOMALI A Kennedy A, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V127, pS92, DOI 10.1542/peds.2010-1722N Kulane A, 2007, SOMALI PARENTS ACCEP Minnesota Department of Health, AUT SOM COMM REP STU Poland GA, 2011, MAYO CLIN PROC, V86, P869, DOI 10.4065/mcp.2011.0467 Rubin R, 2011, WHATS LATEST MEASLES Sabella C, 2010, CLEV CLIN J MED, V77, P207, DOI 10.3949/ccjm.77a.09123 Tomlinson N, 2013, DIVERS EQUAL HLTH CA, V10, P101 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 EI 1558-7118 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2014.04.130275 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AL5IS UT WOS:000339167800009 PM 25002000 ER PT J AU Varella, AAB de Souza, DG AF Varella, Andre A. B. de Souza, Deisy G. TI EMERGENCE OF AUDITORY-VISUAL RELATIONS FROM A VISUAL-VISUAL BASELINE WITH AUDITORY-SPECIFIC CONSEQUENCES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE equivalence relations; outcome specific reinforcement; conditional discrimination; auditory-visual discrimination; autism ID MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE; STIMULUS-REINFORCER RELATIONS; EQUIVALENCE-RELATIONS; CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION; DIFFERENTIAL OUTCOMES; TRAINING PROCEDURE; SYMBOLIC BEHAVIOR; CLASS MEMBERSHIP; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Empirical studies have demonstrated that class-specific contingencies may engender stimulus-reinforcer relations. In these studies, crossmodal relations emerged when crossmodal relations comprised the baseline, and intramodal relations emerged when intramodal relations were taught during baseline. This study investigated whether auditory-visual relations (crossmodal) would emerge after participants learned a visual-visual baseline (intramodal) with auditory stimuli presented as specific consequences. Four individuals with autism learned AB and CD relations with class-specific reinforcers. When A1 and C1 were presented as samples, the selections of B1 and D1, respectively, were followed by an edible (R1) and a sound (S1). Selections of B2 and D2 under the control of A2 and C2, respectively, were followed by R2 and S2. Probe trials tested for visual-visual AC, CA, AD, DA, BC, CB, BD, and DB emergent relations and auditory-visual SA, SB, SC, and SD emergent relations. All of the participants demonstrated the emergence of all auditory-visual relations, and three of four participants showed emergence of all visual-visual relations. Thus, the emergence of auditory-visual relations from specific auditory consequences suggests that these relations do not depend on crossmodal baseline training. The procedure has great potential for applied technology to generate auditory-visual discriminations and stimulus classes in the context of behavior-analytic interventions for autism. C1 [Varella, Andre A. B.; de Souza, Deisy G.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Varella, AAB (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Lab Estudos Comportamento Humano, Rodovia Washington Luis,Km 235, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM andreavarella@gmail.com; ddgs@ufscar.br FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2009/011-003]; CNPq [573972/2008-7]; FAPESP [08/57705-8] FX This research was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP; Doctoral scholarship #2009/011-003 to the first author). This report is based on a doctoral dissertation submitted by the first author to the Graduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. The study was part of the research program of Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognicao e Ensino, supported by grants from CNPq (Grant # 573972/2008-7) and FAPESP (Grant # 08/57705-8). CR Barros R. 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Exp. Anal. Behav. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 102 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1002/jeab.93 PG 11 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA AL5GU UT WOS:000339162500008 PM 24965883 ER PT J AU Chung, BHY Tao, VQ Tso, WWY AF Chung, Brian Hon-Yin Tao, Victoria Qinchen Tso, Winnie Wan-Yee TI Copy number variation and autism: New insights and clinical implications SO JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorder; chromosome microarray; copy number variation; genetic counseling; genetic testing ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HUMAN GENOME; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; RECURRENT MICRODELETIONS; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; IDENTIFICATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Genomic research can lead to discoveries of copy number variations (CNVs) which can be a susceptibility factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The clinical translation is that this can improve the care of children with ASD. Chromosome microarray is now the first-tiered genetic investigation for ASD, with a detection rate exceeding conventional cytogenetics and any single gene testing. However, interpretation of the results is challenging and there is no consensus on "what" and "how much" to disclose. In this article, we will review how CNV studies have improved our understanding of ASD, the clinical applications, and related counseling issues. Future direction of autism genetic research is also discussed. Copyright (C) 2013, Elsevier Taiwan LLC & Formosan Medical Association. All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, Brian Hon-Yin; Tao, Victoria Qinchen; Tso, Winnie Wan-Yee] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Paediat & Adolescent Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chung, Brian Hon-Yin] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Tsan Yuk Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chung, Brian Hon-Yin] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Ctr Reprod Dev & Growth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chung, BHY (reprint author), Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Paediat & Adolescent Med, 1-F,New Clin Bldg,102,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM bhychung@hku.hk FU SK Yee Medical Research Fund & SK Yee Medical Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the Prenatal Diagnostic and Counseling Department, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China for providing diagnostic and technical support for our CNV studies on children with autism. We would also like to thank Professor Y.L. Lau for his invaluable comments in reviewing our manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the SK Yee Medical Research Fund & SK Yee Medical Foundation. 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Formos. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 113 IS 7 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.01.005 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AL4FJ UT WOS:000339088000002 PM 24961180 ER PT J AU Johnson, V AF Johnson, Virginia TI Solving Sleep Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Guide for Frazzled Families SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Johnson, Virginia] Weymouth Publ Lib, Weymouth, MA 02189 USA. RP Johnson, V (reprint author), Weymouth Publ Lib, Weymouth, MA 02189 USA. CR KATZ T, 2014, SOLVING SLEEP PROBLE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 139 IS 12 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA AL1VT UT WOS:000338915100206 ER PT J AU Serret, S Hun, S Iakimova, G Lozada, J Anastassova, M Santos, A Vesperini, S Askenazy, F AF Serret, Sylvie Hun, Stephanie Iakimova, Galina Lozada, Jose Anastassova, Margarita Santos, Andreia Vesperini, Stephanie Askenazy, Florence TI Facing the challenge of teaching emotions to individuals with low- and high-functioning autism using a new Serious game: a pilot study SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Serious game; High-functioning Autism; Low-functioning Autism; Social Skills Training; Emotion Recognition; Computer-based Intervention ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; VIRTUAL-REALITY; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; FACES; SKILLS; CHILDHOOD; INTERVENTION; EXPRESSIONS AB Background: It is widely accepted that emotion processing difficulties are involved in Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). An increasing number of studies have focused on the development of training programs and have shown promising results. However, most of these programs are appropriate for individuals with high-functioning ASC (HFA) but exclude individuals with low-functioning ASC (LFA). We have developed a computer-based game called JeStiMulE based on logical skills to teach emotions to individuals with ASC, independently of their age, intellectual, verbal and academic level. The aim of the present study was to verify the usability of JeStiMulE (which is its adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency) on a heterogeneous ASC group. We hypothesized that after JeStiMulE training, a performance improvement would be found in emotion recognition tasks. Methods: A heterogeneous group of thirty-three children and adolescents with ASC received two one-hour JeStiMulE sessions per week over four weeks. In order to verify the usability of JeStiMulE, game data were collected for each participant. Furthermore, all participants were presented before and after training with five emotion recognition tasks, two including pictures of game avatars (faces and gestures) and three including pictures of real-life characters (faces, gestures and social scenes). Results: Descriptive data showed suitable adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency of JeStiMulE. Results revealed a significant main effect of Session on avatars (ANOVA: F (1,32) = 98.48, P < .001) and on pictures of real-life characters (ANOVA: F (1,32) = 49.09, P < .001). A significant Session x Task x Emotion interaction was also found for avatars (ANOVA: F (6,192) = 2.84, P = .01). This triple interaction was close to significance for pictures of real-life characters (ANOVA: F (12,384) = 1.73, P = .057). Post-hoc analyses revealed that 30 out of 35 conditions found a significant increase after training. Conclusions: JeStiMulE appears to be a promising tool to teach emotion recognition not only to individuals with HFA but also those with LFA. JeStiMulE is thus based on ASC-specific skills, offering a model of logical processing of social information to compensate for difficulties with intuitive social processing. C1 [Serret, Sylvie; Hun, Stephanie; Santos, Andreia; Vesperini, Stephanie] Univ Hosp CHU Lenval, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Autism Resources Ctr, Nice, France. [Iakimova, Galina] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Anthropol & Cognit & Social Psychol Res Unit, LAPCOS, EA 7278, F-06189 Nice, France. [Lozada, Jose; Anastassova, Margarita] CEA LIST DIASI, Sensory & Ambient Interfaces Lab, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Askenazy, Florence] Univ Hosp CHU Lenval, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Nice, France. RP Serret, S (reprint author), Univ Hosp CHU Lenval, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Autism Resources Ctr, Nice, France. EM serret.s@pediatrie-chulenval-nice.fr FU Monaco Against Autism (MONAA); ABA Apprendre Autrement; Collectif Handicap 06; CoBteK (Cognitive Behaviour Technology); French Ministry of Industry FX We are grateful to all children, adolescents and their families for their participation in this study. We also thank our partners (Idees3 com, HLP Technologies, Autism Resources Center Nice, Day-care Units for children and adolescents with autism ('La Caravelle', 'Les Coteaux d'Azur' and 'Les Noisetiers') for their participation in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their families. The consent form is held by the corresponding author and is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief. We also acknowledge the following associations for their support: Monaco Against Autism (MONAA), ABA Apprendre Autrement, Collectif Handicap 06. We acknowledge the support provided by CoBteK (Cognitive Behaviour Technology). 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Autism PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 37 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-37 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL4AQ UT WOS:000339075500001 PM 25018866 ER PT J AU Becerra, TA von Ehrenstein, OS Heck, JE Olsen, J Arah, OA Jeste, SS Rodriguez, M Ritz, B AF Becerra, Tracy A. von Ehrenstein, Ondine S. Heck, Julia E. Olsen, Jorn Arah, Onyebuchi A. Jeste, Shafali S. Rodriguez, Michael Ritz, Beate TI Autism Spectrum Disorders and Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity: A Population-Based Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; emigration and immigration; epidemiology; continental population groups ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; NON-HISPANIC WHITE; COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; VITAMIN-D; REPRODUCTIVE AGE AB OBJECTIVE: Our understanding of the influence of maternal race/ethnicity and nativity and childhood autistic disorder (AD) in African Americans/blacks, Asians, and Hispanics in the United States is limited. Phenotypic differences in the presentation of childhood AD in minority groups may indicate etiologic heterogeneity or different thresholds for diagnosis. We investigated whether the risk of developing AD and AD phenotypes differed according to maternal race/ethnicity and nativity. METHODS: Children born in Los Angeles County with a primary AD diagnosis at ages 3 to 5 years during 1998-2009 were identified and linked to 1995-2006 California birth certificates (7540 children with AD from a cohort of 1 626 354 births). We identified a subgroup of children with AD and a secondary diagnosis of mental retardation and investigated heterogeneity in language and behavior. RESULTS: We found increased risks of being diagnosed with AD overall and specifically with comorbid mental retardation in children of foreign-born mothers who were black, Central/South American, Filipino, and Vietnamese, as well as among US-born Hispanic and African American/black mothers, compared with US-born whites. Children of US African American/black and foreign-born black, foreign-born Central/South American, and US-born Hispanic mothers were at higher risk of exhibiting an AD phenotype with both severe emotional outbursts and impaired expressive language than children of US-born whites. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal race/ethnicity and nativity are associated with offspring's AD diagnosis and severity. Future studies need to examine factors related to nativity and migration that may play a role in the etiology as well as identification and diagnosis of AD in children. C1 [Becerra, Tracy A.; Heck, Julia E.; Olsen, Jorn; Arah, Onyebuchi A.; Ritz, Beate] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [von Ehrenstein, Ondine S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Jeste, Shafali S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Rodriguez, Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Family Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ritz, B (reprint author), Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 951772,650 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM britz@ucla.edu RI Heck, Julia/B-5230-2009; Ritz, Beate/E-3043-2015 FU University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Graduate Division; California Center for Population Research, UCLA - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R24HD041022]; NIEHS of the National Institutes of Health [R21ES022389]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX FUNDING: This research was sponsored by the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Graduate Division, the California Center for Population Research, UCLA, supported by infrastructure grant R24HD041022 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and by NIEHS of the National Institutes of Health under award number R21ES022389. Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 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Landa, Rebecca Lord, Catherine Orlich, Felice King, Bryan Wetherby, Amy Senturk, Damla TI Caregiver-Mediated Intervention for Low-Resourced Preschoolers With Autism: An RCT SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; early intervention; parent-child interactions; joint attention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; JOINT ATTENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; PLAY; TODDLERS; ENGAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; MODEL AB OBJECTIVES: To compare 2 short-term, community caregiver training interventions for preschool-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder who had low resources. Low resource was defined by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development low-income index or 1 "indicator," (eg, Medicaid eligibility). Child outcomes focused on joint engagement, joint attention, and play. METHODS: Participants included 112 families of a child who had Autism Spectrum Disorder who met criteria for being low-resourced and who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 3-month interventions, group caregiver education or individualized caregiver-mediated intervention (CMM). Children were assessed for social communication skills pre- and post-treatment, and followed up at 3 months. RESULTS: All children improved in joint engagement and initiating joint attention, with significantly greater improvement by the CMM group. Outcomes on play skills were mixed, with improvement of symbolic play for the CMM group and no change in functional play skills. Joint engagement maintained over time for the CMM group, and initiating joint attention maintained for both groups over time. CONCLUSIONS: This study is among the first randomized trials comparing 2 active interventions with a large sample of low-resourced families. Results suggest improvements in core autism deficits of joint engagement, joint attention, and symbolic play with relatively brief, caregiver-mediated interventions, but additional support is necessary to maintain and generalize these gains over time. C1 [Kasari, Connie; Shih, Wendy; Senturk, Damla] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Kasari, Connie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lawton, Kathy] Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lawton, Kathy] Ohio State Univ, Dept Special Educ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barker, Tyson V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Human Dev & Quantitat Methodol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Landa, Rebecca] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lord, Catherine] Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Orlich, Felice; King, Bryan] Childrens Hosp Seattle, Seattle, WA USA. [Wetherby, Amy] Florida State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kasari, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst 68 268, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM ckasari@mednet.ucla.edu FU Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Combating Autism Act Initiative), Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services [UA3 MC 11055 AIR-B] FX All phases of this study were supported by grant UA3 MC 11055 AIR-B from the Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Combating Autism Act Initiative), Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. 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Paller, Amy S. TI Eruptive Xanthomas Masquerading as Molluscum Contagiosum SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE behavior eating; BMI; dermatology; autism ID HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA SECONDARY; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INSULIN AB Eruptive xanthomas are cutaneous manifestations of hyperlipidemias in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin. They classically present as crops of 1-to 4-mm yellow-orange papules and are often associated with extreme hypertriglyceridemia. We describe a 12-year-old boy with autism who was thought to have widespread molluscum contagiosum for a year before dermatologic consultation was obtained. Recognition of eruptive xanthomas led to the discovery of massive hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglycerides 6853 mg/dL) and diabetes mellitus. Through medical intervention, including insulin and fenofibrate therapy, and dietary modification with weight loss, the xanthomas cleared during the subsequent months, and his serum triglyceride levels nearly normalized. C1 [Sorrell, Jennifer; Salvaggio, Heather; Guo, Lulu; Paller, Amy S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Sorrell, Jennifer; Salvaggio, Heather; Guo, Lulu; Paller, Amy S.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Garg, Abhimanyu] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Internal Med, Div Nutr & Metab Dis, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Duck, Stephen C.] Univ Chicago, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Paller, AS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, 676 North St Clair St,Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. 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TI Self-Assessed Health in Caregivers of Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations With Depressive Symptoms, Positive Cognitions, Resourcefulness, and Well-Being SO PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE LA English DT Article DE Depressive symptoms; positive cognitions; resourcefulness; self-assessed health ID RELOCATION ADJUSTMENT; STRESS PROLIFERATION; PARENTING STRESS; CHILDREN; MOTHERS; ADOLESCENTS; ASD; TODDLERS; OPTIMISM; ELDERS AB PURPOSE: Caregiving for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can affect family caregivers' self-assessed health. The purpose of this study was to determine whether depressive symptoms, positive cognitions, resourcefulness, and well-being will differ significantly among those who rated their health as fair, good, or excellent. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of 109 ASD caregivers who were recruited from the Interactive ASD Network. 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Care PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1111/ppc.12046 PG 8 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA AL6WT UT WOS:000339274900009 PM 24206628 ER PT J AU Horiuchi, F Oka, Y Uno, H Kawabe, K Okada, F Saito, I Tanigawa, T Ueno, S AF Horiuchi, Fumie Oka, Yasunori Uno, Hiroyuki Kawabe, Kentaro Okada, Fumi Saito, Isao Tanigawa, Takeshi Ueno, Shu-ichi TI Age- and sex-related emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders: Comparison with control children SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; emotional and behavioral problems; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; MENTAL-HEALTH; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; STRENGTHS; BRITAIN; RATES; RISK; SDQ AB Aim: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often present with emotional and behavioral problems, which could change the clinical course, especially during childhood, and affect future quality of life. The aim of this study was to clarify the age- and sex-related differences of these problems in ASD. Methods: The study subjects were 173 patients with ASD (age: 4-16 years) and 173 age-and sex-matched community children (control group). The parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used for comparison of the emotional and behavioral problems between the two groups. Results: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores were significantly higher in children with ASD than controls at all ages. The score of total difficulties was significantly higher in girls with ASD than in boys, while the score in male controls was significantly higher than in female controls. Age-related differences in emotional and behavioral problems were observed both in children with ASD and controls, but the characteristics were different: in children with ASD, emotional symptoms and peer problems in both sexes and conduct problems in girls increased significantly with age, while none of the problems in the controls changed with age except for a decrease in the score of hyperactivity/inattention developmentally in both sexes. Prosocial behaviors of children with ASD and controls showed small changes with age. Conclusion: Emotional and behavioral problems are common in children with ASD and showed age-and sex-related differences. Our study emphasizes the importance of recognizing those differences among children with ASD for early intervention. C1 [Horiuchi, Fumie; Kawabe, Kentaro; Okada, Fumi; Ueno, Shu-ichi] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat & Neurosci, Toon, Japan. [Saito, Isao; Tanigawa, Takeshi] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. [Saito, Isao] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Basic Nursing & Hlth Sci, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. [Oka, Yasunori] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Ctr Sleep Med, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. [Uno, Hiroyuki] Hyogo Univ Teachers Educ, Dept Educ Disabled Children, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Okada, Fumi] Nagoya Univ, Ctr Dev Clin Psychol & Psychiat, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Horiuchi, F (reprint author), Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat & Neurosci, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. 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Neurosci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 68 IS 7 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1111/pcn.12164 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AL4PB UT WOS:000339113800007 PM 24447342 ER PT J AU Jain, A Spencer, D Yang, WY Kelly, JP Newschaffer, CJ Johnson, J Marshall, J Azocar, F Tabb, LP Dennen, T AF Jain, Anjali Spencer, Donna Yang, Wenya Kelly, Jonathan P. Newschaffer, Craig J. Johnson, Jonathan Marshall, Jaclyn Azocar, Francisca Tabb, Loni Philip Dennen, Taylor TI Injuries Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE administrative claims; autism spectrum disorder; child injury; commercial insurance ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; UNINTENTIONAL INJURY; UNITED-STATES; US CHILDREN; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVALS; RATES; AGE AB OBJECTIVE: We compared risk of injury among children with autism spectrum. disorder (ASD) to those without ASD, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: We used claims data from 2001 to 2009 from a commercial health plan in the United States. A validated ASD case identification algorithm identified 33,565 children (ages 0-20 years) with ASD and 138,876 children without. Counting process models tested the association between ASD status and injury episodes with separate regressions run for children during different age periods. RESULTS: Unadjusted results demonstrated that children with ASD had a 12% greater injury risk than children without ASD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.119; P < .001). After including demographic variables, the HR was 1.03 (P < .05); after controlling for co-occurring conditions, such as seizures, depression, etc, HR decreased to 0.889 (P < .001). For the age period analysis, HR values were as follows: for 0 to 2 years, HR 1.141; 3 to 5 years, HR 1.282; 6 to 10 years, HR not significant; and 11 to 20 years, HR 0.634 (P < .05 for all significant results). CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD have more injuries than children without ASD. After controlling for demographic factors and co-occurring conditions, children with ASD are at lower risk of injury, suggesting that co-occurring conditions or the ways these conditions interact with ASD is related to injuries. Clinicians should understand that injury risk in children with ASD may be driven by co-occurring conditions. Treating these conditions could thus decrease injury risk as well as have other benefits. Injury prevention interventions are especially warranted for younger children with ASD and those with seizures, depression, visual impairment, or attention-deficit disorders. C1 [Jain, Anjali; Yang, Wenya; Kelly, Jonathan P.; Marshall, Jaclyn; Dennen, Taylor] Lewin Grp, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Spencer, Donna; Johnson, Jonathan] OptumInsight Life Sci, Eden Prairie, MN USA. [Newschaffer, Craig J.; Tabb, Loni Philip] Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Azocar, Francisca] OptumHlth Behav Solut, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), Lewin Grp, 3130 Fairview Pk Dr,Suite 500, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM anjali.jain@lewin.com FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN-271-2010-00033-C] FX This project was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract HHSN-271-2010-00033-C. The authors acknowledge the following for their contributions: Brady Post and Corey Lipow of the Lewin Group; James Burke, Jeffrey McPheeters, Thomas Horstman, and Felix Cao of OptumInsight; and Lindsey Lawer of Drexel University. 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Pediatr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 390 EP 397 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL0OC UT WOS:000338825200012 PM 24976351 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, KE Lindly, OJ Bethell, CD Kuhlthau, K AF Zuckerman, Katharine E. Lindly, Olivia J. Bethell, Christina D. Kuhlthau, Karen TI Family Impacts Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Health Care Quality SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; children with special health care needs; delivery of health care; integrated; disabled children; family burden; family health; financial burden; quality of health care ID FINANCIAL BURDEN; NATIONAL-SURVEY; AGED CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL HOME; NEEDS; EMPLOYMENT; INSURANCE; SERVICES; DISABILITIES AB OBJECTIVE: To compare health care quality and family employment and financial impacts among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with autism spectrum disorder (CSHCN + ASD), CSHCN with functional limitations (CSHCN + FL), and CSHCN lacking these conditions (other CSHCN); to test whether high health care quality was associated with reduced family impacts among CSHCN + ASD. METHODS: Data from the 2009-2010 National Survey of CSHCN were used to compare 3025 CSHCN + ASD, 6505 CSHCN + FL, and 28,296 other CSHCN. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses examined 6 age-relevant, federally defined health care quality indicators and 5 family financial and employment impact indicators. Two composite measures were additionally used: I) receipt of care that met all age-relevant quality indicators; and 2) had of the 5 adverse family impacts. RESULTS: Across all health care quality indicators, CSHCN + ASD fared poorly, with only 7.4% meeting all age-relevant indicators. CSHCN + ASD had worse health care quality than other CSHCN, including CSHCN + FL. CSHCN + ASD also had high rates of adverse family impact, with over half experiencing adverse impacts. Rates of adverse family impact were higher in CSHCN + ASD than other CSHCN, including CSHCN + FL. Among CSHCN + ASD, those whose health care that met federal quality standards were less likely to have multiple adverse family impacts than CSHCN + ASD whose health care did not meet federal quality standards. CONCLUSIONS: CSHCN + ASD are more prone to experience poor health care quality and family impacts than other CSHCN, even CSHCN + FL. Receipt of care meeting federal quality standards may potentially lessen adverse family impacts for CSHCN + ASD. C1 [Zuckerman, Katharine E.; Lindly, Olivia J.; Bethell, Christina D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Zuckerman, Katharine E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Gen Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Lindly, Olivia J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Res & Policy, Boston, MA USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zuckerman, KE (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Mail Code CDRC P 707 SW Gaines Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM zuckerma@ohsu.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health Mentored Career Development Award [K23MH095828]; Nancy Lurie Marks Foundation; US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau [1-U59-MC06980-01] FX Supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Mentored Career Development Award K23MH095828 (Dr Zuckerman), the Nancy Lurie Marks Foundation (Dr Kuhlthau), and Cooperative Agreement 1-U59-MC06980-01 from the US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Dr Bethell). The authors thank Julie Robertson, MPH, MSW, for assistance with data analysis. 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Pediatr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 398 EP 407 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL0OC UT WOS:000338825200013 PM 24976352 ER PT J AU Broder-Fingert, S Brazauskas, K Lindgren, K Iannuzzi, D Van Cleave, J AF Broder-Fingert, Sarabeth Brazauskas, Karissa Lindgren, Kristen Iannuzzi, Dorothea Van Cleave, Jeanne TI Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in a Large Clinical Sample of Children With Autism SO ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; obesity; overweight ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-GAIN; HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; DISABILITIES; MEDICATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are major pediatric public health problems in the United States; however, limited data exist on the prevalence and correlates of overnutrition in children with autism. METHODS: Through a large integrated health care system's patient database, we identified 6672 children ages 2 to 20 years with an assigned ICD-9 code of autism (299.0), Asperger syndrome (299.8), and control subjects from 2008 to 2011 who had at least 1 weight and height recorded in the same visit. We calculated age-adjusted, sex-adjusted body mass index and classified children as overweight (body mass index 85th to 95th percentile) or obese (>= 95th percentile). We used multinomial logistic regression to compare the odds of overweight and obesity between groups. We then used logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with overweight and obesity in children with autism, including demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Compared to control subjects, children with autism and Asperger syndrome had significantly higher odds of over-weight (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: autism 2.24, 1.74-2.88; Asperger syndrome 1.49, 1.12-1.97) and obesity (autism 4.83, 3.85-6.06; Asperger syndrome 5.69, 4.50-7.21). Among children with autism, we found a higher odds of obesity in older children (aged 12-15 years 1.87, 1.33-2.63; aged 16-20 years 1.94, 1.39-2.71) compared to children aged 6 to 11 years. We also found higher odds of overweight and obesity in those with public insurance (overweight 1.54, 1.25-1.89; obese 1.16, 1.02-1.40) and with co-occurring sleep disorder (obese 1.23, 1.00-1.53). CONCLUSIONS: Children with autism and Asperger syndrome had significantly higher odds of overweight and obesity than control subjects. Older age, public insurance, and co-occurring sleep disorder were associated with overweight or obesity in this population. 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Pediatr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA AL0OC UT WOS:000338825200014 PM 24976353 ER PT J AU Gentile, I Zappulo, E Bonavolta, R Maresca, R Messana, T Buonomo, AR Portella, G Sorrentino, R Settimi, A Pascotto, A Borgia, G Bravaccio, C AF Gentile, Ivan Zappulo, Emanuela Bonavolta, Raffaele Maresca, Roberta Messana, Tullio Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo Portella, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Rosanna Settimi, Alessandro Pascotto, Antonio Borgia, Guglielmo Bravaccio, Carmela TI Prevalence and Titre of Antibodies to Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO IN VIVO LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; CMV; EBV; antibody titre ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MATERNAL INFECTION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FETAL-BRAIN; VITAMIN-D; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; RUBELLA; ACTIVATION AB Background/Aim: The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is currently unknown. Few studies have explored the role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) as potential etiological factors of ASD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seropositivity rate and antibody titre to CMV and EBV in children with ASD compared to same-aged healthy controls. Patients and Methods: We compared the seropositivity rate and titre of antibodies to CMV and EBV in 54 children with ASD (19 with autistic disorder and 35 with non-autistic disorder ASD) and in 46 controls. Results: Seropositivity rate and titre of the two antibodies were not dissimilar between cases and controls. However, considering only patients with ASD, those seropositive for CMV tended to test worse to the major severity scales than the seronegative ones. Conclusion: Titre and seropositivity rate of antibodies to CMV and EBV are similar between children with ASD and healthy controls. C1 [Gentile, Ivan; Zappulo, Emanuela; Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo; Borgia, Guglielmo] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Infect Dis Sect, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Bonavolta, Raffaele; Portella, Giuseppe; Sorrentino, Rosanna; Settimi, Alessandro; Bravaccio, Carmela] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Med Translat Sci, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Maresca, Roberta; Messana, Tullio; Pascotto, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Naples, Italy. RP Gentile, I (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Infect Dis Sect, Via S Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy. 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Results from a Case-control Study SO IN VIVO LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; etiopathogenesis; prevalence; titre; VZV ID CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; MATERNAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION; VITAMIN-D; RISK-FACTORS; FETAL-BRAIN; ASSOCIATION; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; SYMPTOMS AB Background/Aim: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of central nervous system disorders lacking a definite etiology. The aim of the present study was to compare the exposure rate and titer of antibodies to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) in children with ASD and in healthy controls. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 54 children with ASD and 46 control individuals. Results: The exposure rate and titer of anti-VZV antibodies were significantly higher in children with ASD compared to controls (59% vs. 39% and 694 mIU/ml vs. 94 mIU/ml, respectively). Conclusion: In the present case-control study, exposure to VZV was found to be independently associated with ASD. C1 [Gentile, Ivan; Zappulo, Emanuela; Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo; Borgia, Guglielmo] Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Bonavolta, Raffaele; Portella, Giuseppe; Settimi, Alessandro; Bravaccio, Carmela] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Med Translat Sci, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Maresca, Roberta; Riccio, Maria Pia; Pascotto, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Naples, Italy. RP Gentile, I (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Via S Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy. 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etiopathogenesis; HSV1; HSV2 ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; CHILDREN; BRAIN; ASSOCIATION; DEFICITS; GENES; ONSET AB Background/Aim: The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unknown, even though it is hypothesized that a viral infection could trigger this disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seropositivity rate and antibody level of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) and Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2) in children with ASD compared to same-aged healthy controls. Patients and Methods: We compared seropositivity rate and levels of antibodies to HSV1/2 in 54 children with ASD (19 with autistic disorder and 35 with non-autistic ASD) and in 46 controls. Results: Seropositivity rate and levels of anti-HSV1/2 were not dissimilar between cases and controls. Exposure to HSV2 was minimal. Conclusion: Rate of contact with HSV1 and HSV2 assessed by the mean of detection of specific antibodies was similar between children with ASD and healthy controls. C1 [Gentile, Ivan; Zappulo, Emanuela; Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo; Borgia, Guglielmo] Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Bonavolta, Raffaele; Portella, Giuseppe; Vallefuoco, Luca; Settimi, Alessandro; Bravaccio, Carmela] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Med Translat Sci, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Maresca, Roberta; Riccio, Maria Pia; Pascotto, Antonio] Univ Naples 2, Naples, Italy. RP Gentile, I (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Via S Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy. 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Simpson, Andrew Skarratt, Paul A. Cole, Geoff G. TI Is social inhibition of return due to action co-representation? SO ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Social IOR; Joint action; Social attention; Biological motion; Objects; Co-representation ID OBJECT-CENTERED INHIBITION; INFLUENCE FREDS ACTION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; POINTING MOVEMENTS; OTHERS ACTIONS; REACTION-TIME; MOTOR; AUTISM; GAZE AB When two individuals alternate reaching responses to visual targets presented on a shared workspace, one individual is slower to respond to targets occupying the same position as their partner's previous response. This phenomenon is thought to be due to processes that inhibit the initiation of a movement to a location recently acted upon. However, two distinct forms of the inhibition account have been posited, one based on inhibition of an action, the other based on inhibition of an action and location. Furthermore, an additional recent explanation suggests the phenomenon is due to mechanisms that give rise to action congruency effects. Thus the three different theories differ in the degree to which action co-representation plays a role in the effect. The aim of the present work was to examine these competing accounts. Three experiments demonstrated that when identical actions are made, the effect is modulated by the configuration of the visual stimuli acted upon and the perceptual demands of the task. In addition, when the co-actors perform different actions to the same target, the effect is still observed. These findings support the hypothesis that this particular joint action phenomenon is generated via social cues that induce location-based inhibition of return rather than being due to shared motor co-representations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Atkinson, Mark A.; Simpson, Andrew; Cole, Geoff G.] Univ Essex, Ctr Brain Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 150 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.04.003 PG 9 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AL0IU UT WOS:000338811400011 PM 24859672 ER PT J AU Zhao, S Uono, S Yoshimura, S Toichi, M AF Zhao, Shuo Uono, Shota Yoshimura, Sayaka Toichi, Motomi TI Attention orienting by eye gaze and arrows reveals flexibility to environmental changes SO ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Orienting attention; Gaze; Arrow; Environmental changes ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; CUES; CHILDREN; SPECTRUM; PERCEPTION; DIRECTION; MOVEMENT; CONTEXT; SOUND AB This study aimed to evaluate the difference in non-predictive cues between gaze and arrows in attention orienting. Attention orienting was investigated with gaze or arrows as separate cues in a simple condition (i.e., block design) in Experiment 1 and in an unpredictable condition (i.e., randomized design) in Experiment 2. Two kinds of sound (voice and tone) stimuli were used as targets. Results showed that gaze and arrow cues induced enhanced attention orienting to a voice versus tone target in the block condition. However, in the randomized condition, enhanced attention orienting to a voice versus tone target was found in gaze but not arrow cues. The congruency of the meaning between a social cue (i.e., gaze) and a social target (i.e., voice) was clear in the randomized but not blocked design, because social gaze and non-social arrow cues were implemented in the same block. Thus, attention orienting might be mediated by the associated relationship of cue-target in a randomized condition, as an enhanced orienting effect was found when the associated relationship of cue-target was strong (i.e., social cue and target). The present study suggests that the difference in attention orienting between gaze and arrows is apparent in a randomized design (the unpredictable condition), and people employ a flexibly strategy of orienting to better respond to environmental changes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Shuo; Uono, Shota; Toichi, Motomi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Yoshimura, Sayaka] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Zhao, Shuo; Toichi, Motomi] Org Promoting Dev Disorder Res, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. RP Zhao, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Sakyo Ku, 53 Shogoin Kawahara Cho, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 150 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.05.003 PG 6 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AL0IU UT WOS:000338811400013 PM 24866453 ER PT J AU Opris, I Casanova, MF AF Opris, Ioan Casanova, Manuel F. TI Prefrontal cortical minicolumn: from executive control to disrupted cognitive processing SO BRAIN LA English DT Review DE prefrontal cortex; interlaminar microcircuit; minicolumn; executive function; autism ID ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX; MEDIAL-FRONTAL-CORTEX; MONKEY STRIATE CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; COLUMNAR ORGANIZATION; ORIENTATION COLUMNS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES AB The emergence of higher cognitive functions stems from the modular architecture of cerebral cortex. Opris and Casanova review evidence from anatomical, electrophysiological and pathological perspectives on the role of cortical minicolumns in normal and disrupted cognitive processing. Inter-laminar microcircuits are required for the processing of executive control signals.The prefrontal cortex of the primate brain has a modular architecture based on the aggregation of neurons in minicolumnar arrangements having afferent and efferent connections distributed across many brain regions to represent, select and/or maintain behavioural goals and executive commands. Prefrontal cortical microcircuits are assumed to play a key role in the perception to action cycle that integrates relevant information about environment, and then selects and enacts behavioural responses. Thus, neurons within the interlaminar microcircuits participate in various functional states requiring the integration of signals across cortical layers and the selection of executive variables. Recent research suggests that executive abilities emerge from cortico-cortical interactions between interlaminar prefrontal cortical microcircuits, whereas their disruption is involved in a broad spectrum of neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and drug addiction. The focus of this review is on the structural, functional and pathological approaches involving cortical minicolumns. Based on recent technological progress it has been demonstrated that microstimulation of infragranular cortical layers with patterns of microcurrents derived from supragranular layers led to an increase in cognitive performance. This suggests that interlaminar prefrontal cortical microcircuits are playing a causal role in improving cognitive performance. An important reason for the new interest in cortical modularity comes from both the impressive progress in understanding anatomical, physiological and pathological facets of cortical microcircuits and the promise of neural prosthetics for patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. C1 [Opris, Ioan] Wake Forest Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Casanova, Manuel F.] Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Opris, I (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM ioopris@wfubmc.edu FU NIH [R01 HD-65279] FX Financial support for this work was derived from NIH grant R01 HD-65279 (MFC). 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In this paper we provide an overview of the forms of plasticity evidenced in subcortical auditory regions. We posit an integrative model of auditory plasticity, which argues for a continuous, online modulation of bottom-up signals via corticofugal pathways, based on an algorithm that anticipates and updates incoming stimulus regularities. We discuss the negative implications of plasticity in clinical dysfunction and propose novel methods of eliciting brainstem responses that could specify the biological nature of auditory processing deficits. C1 [Chandrasekaran, Bharath] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Perceptual Syst, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Skoe, Erika] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Skoe, Erika] Univ Connecticut, Cognit Sci Program, Storrs, CT USA. [Kraus, Nina] Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci, Auditory Neurosci Lab, Evanston, IL USA. [Kraus, Nina] Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Otolaryngol, Evanston, IL USA. RP Chandrasekaran, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Perceptual Syst, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bchandra@utexas.edu; erika.skoe@uconn.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R01 DC008333] FX The authors would like to thank members of the SoundBrain Lab and the Auditory Neuroscience Lab for their valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant R01 DC008333. 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Mall, Volker Fleischhaker, Christian Klein, Christoph TI Deficits in motor abilities and developmental fractionation of imitation performance in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Neuromotor deficit; Zurich Neuromotor Assessment; Imitation; Non-meaningful gestures ID MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NEUROMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GERMAN FORM; CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; DYSFUNCTION; IMPAIRMENT; CEREBELLUM AB The co-occurrence of motor and imitation disabilities often characterises the spectrum of deficits seen in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Whether these seemingly separate deficits are inter-related and whether, in particular, motor deficits contribute to the expression of imitation deficits is the topic of the present study and was investigated by comparing these deficits' cross-sectional developmental trajectories. To that end, different components of motor performance assessed in the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment and imitation abilities for facial movements and non-meaningful gestures were tested in 70 subjects (aged 6-29 years), including 36 patients with high-functioning ASD and 34 age-matched typically developed (TD) participants. The results show robust deficits in probands with ASD in timed motor performance and in the quality of movement, which are all independent of age, with one exception. Only diadochokinesis improves moderately with increasing age in ASD probands. Imitation of facial movements and of non-meaningful hand, finger, hand finger gestures not related to social context or tool use is also impaired in ASD subjects, but in contrast to motor performance this deficit overall improves with age. A general imitation factor, extracted from the highly inter-correlated imitation tests, is differentially correlated with components of neuromotor performance in ASD and TD participants. 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TI Genetic targeting of the amphetamine and methylphenidate-sensitive dopamine transporter: On the path to an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE ADHD; Dopamine; Transporter; Transgenic; Mouse; Animal model ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; PREPULSE INHIBITION; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS AB Alterations in dopamine (DA) signaling underlie the most widely held theories of molecular and circuit level perturbations that lead to risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The DA transporter (DAT), a presynaptic reuptake protein whose activity provides critical support for DA signaling by limiting DA action at pre- and postsynaptic receptors, has been consistently associated with ADHD through pharmacological, behavioral, brain imaging and genetic studies. Currently, the animal models of ADHD exhibit significant limitations, stemming in large part from their lack of construct validity. To remedy this situation, we have pursued the creation of a mouse model derived from a functional nonsynonymous variant in the DAT gene (SLC6A3) of ADHD probands. We trace our path from the identification of these variants to in vitro biochemical and physiological studies to the production of the DAT Val559 mouse model. We discuss our initial findings with these animals and their promise in the context of existing rodent models of ADHD. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mergy, Marc A.; Gowrishankar, Raajaram; Davis, Gwynne L.; Jessen, Tammy N.; Wright, Jane; Stanwood, Gregg D.; Blakely, Randy D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hahn, Maureen K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Blakely, Randy D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Blakely, RD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Vanderbilt Brain Inst, Suite 7140 MRB3, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM randy.blakely@vanderbilt.edu FU NIH [MH090738, DA07390, MH073159] FX This work was supported by NIH Awards MH090738 (M.A.M.), DA07390 (R.D.B.) and MH073159 (R.D.B.). We thank the outstanding laboratory support of Chris Svitek, Qiao Han, Sarah Whitaker, Tracy Moore-Jarrett and Angela Steele. 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DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(90)90169-F NR 193 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0197-0186 EI 1872-9754 J9 NEUROCHEM INT JI Neurochem. Int. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 73 SI SI BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.11.009 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL0FW UT WOS:000338803800008 PM 24332984 ER PT J AU Saunders, C Siuta, M Robertson, SD Davis, AR Sauer, J Matthies, HJG Gresch, PJ Airey, DC Lindsley, CW Schetz, JA Niswender, KD Veenstra-Vanderweele, JM Galli, A AF Saunders, Christine Siuta, Michael Robertson, Sabrina D. Davis, Adeola R. Sauer, Jennifer Matthies, Heinrich J. G. Gresch, Paul J. Airey, David C. Lindsley, Craig W. Schetz, John A. Niswender, Kevin D. Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy M. Galli, Aurelio TI Neuronal ablation of p-Akt at Ser473 leads to altered 5-HT1A/2A receptor function SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Serotonin; Akt; Cortex; 5HT(1A) receptor; 5HT(2A) receptor ID SEROTONIN 2A RECEPTOR; NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER TRAFFICKING; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; HEAD-TWITCH RESPONSE; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; IN-VIVO; RAT-BRAIN; BINDING; 5-HT2A; MICE AB The serotonergic system regulates a wide range of behavior, including mood and impulsivity, and its dysregulation has been associated with mood disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and addiction. Diabetes is a risk factor for these conditions. Insulin resistance in the brain is specifically associated with susceptibility to psychostimulant abuse. Here, we examined whether phosphorylation of Akt, a key regulator of the insulin signaling pathway, controls serotonin (5-HT) signaling. To explore how impairment in Akt function regulates 5-HT homeostasis, we used a brain-specific rictor knockout (KO) mouse model of impaired neuronal phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473. Cortical 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor binding was significantly elevated in rictor KO mice. Concomitant with this elevated receptor expression, the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) led to an increased hypothermic response in rictor KO mice. The increased cortical 5-HT1A receptor density was associated with higher 5-HT1A receptor levels on the cortical cell surface. In contrast, rictor KO mice displayed significantly reduced head-twitch response (HTR) to the 5-HT2A/C agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodamphetamine (DOI), with evidence of impaired 5-HT2A/C receptor signaling. In vitro, pharmacological inhibition of Akt significantly increased 5-HT1A receptor expression and attenuated DOI-induced 5-HT2A receptor signaling, thereby lending credence to the observed in vivo cross-talk between neuronal Akt signaling and 5-HT receptor regulation. These data reveal that defective central Akt function alters 5-HT signaling as well as 5-HT-associated behaviors, demonstrating a novel role for Akt in maintaining neuronal 5-HT receptor function. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saunders, Christine; Gresch, Paul J.; Airey, David C.; Lindsley, Craig W.; Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Siuta, Michael; Robertson, Sabrina D.; Davis, Adeola R.; Matthies, Heinrich J. G.; Galli, Aurelio] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Sauer, Jennifer; Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Niswender, Kevin D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Galli, Aurelio] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Program Subst Abuse, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Schetz, John A.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Neurosci, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Veenstra-Vanderweele, JM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 465 21st Ave South,MRB3,Room 7158C, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM j.vvw@vanderbilt.edu; aurelio.-galli@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P50 MH078028, MH063162, MH081066, DK085712] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P50 MH078028-Pilot Project (C.S.), MH063162 (J.A.S.), MH081066 (J.V.), and DK085712 (A.G. and K.D.N.). We thank Amanda Poe for assistance in genotyping and maintaining the mouse colonies. We are very grateful to the Conte Center Bioanalytical Core, specifically to Brett Begely, for his technical skills with the 5-HT receptor and transporter binding studies. 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Int. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 73 SI SI BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.015 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL0FW UT WOS:000338803800013 PM 24090638 ER PT J AU Whyte, A Jessen, T Varney, S Carneiro, AMD AF Whyte, Alonzo Jessen, Tammy Varney, Seth Carneiro, Ana M. D. TI Serotonin transporter and integrin beta 3 genes interact to modulate serotonin uptake in mouse brain SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Serotonin transporter; Integrin; Genetic interaction; Neuropsychiatric disorders; Autism ID MICE; DEPRESSION; RECEPTOR AB Dysfunctions in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) systems have been associated with several psychiatric illnesses, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders and autism spectrum disorders. Convergent evidence from genetic analyses of human subjects has implicated the integrin beta 3 subunit gene (ITGB3) as a modulator of serotonergic systems via genetic interactions with the 5-HT transporter gene (SLC6A4, SERT). While genetic interactions may result from contributions of each gene at several levels, we hypothesize that ITGB3 modulates the 5-HT system at the level of the synapse, through the actions of integrin alpha v beta 3. Here we utilized a genetic approach in mouse models to examine Itgb3 contributions to SERT function both in the context of normal and reduced SERT expression. As integrin alpha v beta 3 is expressed in postsynaptic membranes, we isolated synaptoneurosomes, which maintain intact pre- and post-synaptic associations. Citalopram binding revealed significant Slc6a4-driven reductions in SERT expression in midbrain synapses, whereas no significant changes were observed in hippocampal or cortical projections. Expecting corresponding changes to SERT function, we also measured 5-HT uptake activity in synaptoneurosomal preparations. Itgb3 single heterozygous mice displayed significant reductions in 5-HT V-max, with no changes in K in midbrain preparations. However, in the presence of both Itgb3 and Slc6a4 heterozygozity, 5-HT uptake was similar to wild-type levels, revealing a significant Slc6a4 by Itgb3 genetic interaction in the midbrain. Similar findings were observed in cortical preparations, whereas in the hippocampus, most V-max changes were driven solely by Slc6a4. Our findings provide evidence that integrin alpha v beta 3 is involved in the regulation of serotonergic systems in some, but not all 5-HT synapses, revealing novel contributions to synaptic specificity within the central nervous system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Whyte, Alonzo] Vanderbilt Brain Inst, Neurosci Grad Program, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Jessen, Tammy; Varney, Seth; Carneiro, Ana M. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Carneiro, AMD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, 461 Preston Res Bldg,23rd Ave South Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM ana.carneiro@vanderbilt.edu FU NIMH [090256-01A1] FX We thank Dennis Murphy and Richard Hynes for generating the Slc6a4 and Itgb3 lines used in this paper. We thank Jeremy Veenstra-Vanderweele and Randy D. Blakely for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by NIMH Grant 090256-01A1. 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Anne Orlowski, John TI Impaired posttranslational processing and trafficking of an endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE6 mutant (Delta(WST372)-W-370) associated with X-linked intellectual disability and autism SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE NHE6; Recycling endosomes; Vesicular trafficking; Neurodegeneration; Intellectual disability ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DENDRITIC SPINES; CHRISTIANSON SYNDROME; RECYCLING ENDOSOMES; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; SLC9A6 MUTATIONS; AMPA RECEPTORS AB Ne+/H+ exchanger NHE6/SLC9A6 is an X-linked gene that is widely expressed and especially abundant in brain, heart and skeletal muscle where it is implicated in endosomal pH homeostasis and trafficking as well as maintenance of cell polarity. Recent genetic studies have identified several mutations in the coding region of NHE6 that are linked with severe intellectual disability, autistic behavior, ataxia and other abnormalities. One such defect consists of an in-frame deletion of three amino acids ((370)Trp-Ser-Thr(372), Delta WST) that adjoin the predicted ninth transmembrane helix of the exchanger. To better understand the nature of this mutation, a NHE6 Delta WST construct was generated and assessed for its effects on the biochemical and cellular properties of the transporter. In transfected fibroblastic CHO and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, immunoblot analyses showed that the mutant protein was effectively synthesized, but its subsequent oligosaccharide maturation and overall half-life were dramatically reduced compared to wild-type. These changes correlated with significant accumulation of AWST in the endoplasmic reticulum, with only minor sorting to the plasma membrane and negligible trafficking to recycling endosomes. The diminished accumulation in recycling endosomes was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of endocytosis of cell surface AWST compared to wild-type. Furthermore, while ectopic expression of wild-type NHE6 enhanced the uptake of other vesicular cargo such as transferrin along the clathrin-mediated recycling endosomal pathway, this ability was lost in the AWST mutant. Similarly, in transfected primary mouse hippocampal neurons, wild-type NHE6 was localized in discrete puncta throughout the soma and neurites, whereas the AWST mutant displayed a diffuse reticular pattern. Remarkably, the extensive dendritic arborization observed in neurons expressing wild-type NHE6 was noticeably diminished in Delta WST-transfectants. These results suggest that deletion of (370)Trp-Ser-Thr(372) leads to endoplasmic reticulum retention and loss of NHE6 function which potentially impacts the trafficking of other membrane-bound cargo and cell polarity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilie, Alina; Weinstein, Erica; Boucher, Annie; Orlowski, John] McGill Univ, Dept Physiol, Montreal, PQ H3G 0B1, Canada. [McKinney, R. Anne] McGill Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Montreal, PQ H3G 0B1, Canada. RP Orlowski, J (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Physiol, McIntyre Med Sci Bldg, Montreal, PQ H3G 0B1, Canada. EM john.orlowski@mcgill.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health [MOP-86724, MOP-111191] FX We thank Mica Das Gupta and Cassandra McEwan for technical assistance. We also acknowledge the technical assistance provided by the McGill Life Sciences Imaging Facility and Genome Quebec. This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research funding held by R.A.M. (MOP-86724) and J.O. (MOP-111191). 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TI Self-injurious behaviours are associated with alterations in the somatosensory system in children with autism spectrum disorder SO BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Spectrum disorder; Injury; Grey matter; White matter; Pain ID REDUCED THALAMIC VOLUME; CORTICAL THICKNESS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; WARPING TECHNIQUES; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; MATTER STRUCTURE; PARIETAL LOBE; RISK-FACTORS; MRI DATA; DIFFUSION AB Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently engage in self-injurious behaviours, often in the absence of reporting pain. Previous research suggests that altered pain sensitivity and repeated exposure to noxious stimuli are associated with morphological changes in somatosensory and limbic cortices. Further evidence from postmortem studies with self-injurious adults has indicated alterations in the structure and organization of the temporal lobes; however, the effect of self-injurious behaviour on cortical development in children with ASD has not yet been determined. Thirty children and adolescents (mean age = 10.6 +/- A 2.5 years; range 7-15 years; 29 males) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD and 30 typically developing children (N = 30, mean age = 10.7 +/- A 2.5 years; range 7-15 years, 26 males) underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. No between-group differences were seen in cerebral volume, surface area or cortical thickness. Within the ASD group, self-injury scores negatively correlated with thickness in the right superior parietal lobule t = 6.3, p < 0.0001, bilateral primary somatosensory cortices (SI) (right: t = 4.4, p = 0.02; left: t = 4.48, p = 0.004) and the volume of the left ventroposterior (VP) nucleus of the thalamus (r = -0.52, p = 0.008). Based on these findings, we performed an atlas-based region-of-interest diffusion tensor imaging analysis between SI and the VP nucleus and found that children who engaged in self-injury had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (r = -0.4, p = 0.04) and higher mean diffusivity (r = 0.5, p = 0.03) values in the territory of the left posterior limb of the internal capsule. Additionally, greater incidence of self-injury was associated with increased radial diffusivity values in bilateral posterior limbs of the internal capsule (left: r = 0.5, p = 0.02; right: r = 0.5, p = 0.009) and corona radiata (left: r = 0.6, p = 0.005; right: r = 0.5, p = 0.009). Results indicate that self-injury is related to alterations in somatosensory cortical and subcortical regions and their supporting white-matter pathways. Findings could reflect use-dependent plasticity in the somatosensory system or disrupted brain development that could serve as a risk marker for self-injury. C1 [Duerden, Emma G.; Card, Dallas; Roberts, S. Wendy; Mak-Fan, Kathleen M.; Taylor, Margot J.] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Diagnost Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Duerden, Emma G.; Lerch, Jason P.; Taylor, Margot J.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Mak-Fan, Kathleen M.; Taylor, Margot J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Kimel Family Translat Imaging Genet Res Lab, Res Imaging Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chakravarty, M. Mallar] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lerch, Jason P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Duerden, EG (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM emma.duerden@sickkids.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-81161]; Hospital for Sick Children; Reva Gerstein Fellowship in Paediatric Psychology FX The authors would like to thank Wayne Lee for MRI technical and Dr. Annie Dupuis, Hospital for Sick Children, for statistical analysis support. This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [grant number MOP-81161 to MJT], Research Training Competition Fellowship from the Hospital for Sick Children (EGD), and a Reva Gerstein Fellowship in Paediatric Psychology (EGD). We also sincerely thank the children and their families who participated in this study. 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In particular, Angelman syndrome and one of the most common genomic forms of autism, dup15q, are caused respectively by lack of or excess of UBE3A, a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Its Drosophila orthologue, Ube3a, is also active during brain development. We have now devised a protocol to screen for substrates of this particular ubiquitin ligase. In a neuronal cell system, we find direct ubiquitination by Ube3a of three proteasome-related proteins Rpn10, Uch-L5, and CG8209, as well as of the ribosomal protein Rps10b. Only one of these, Rpn10, is targeted for degradation upon ubiquitination by Ube3a, indicating that degradation might not be the only effect of Ube3a on its substrates. Furthermore, we report the genetic interaction in vivo between Ube3a and the C-terminal part of Rpn10. Overexpression of these proteins leads to an enhanced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, further supporting the biochemical evidence of interaction obtained in neuronal cells. C1 [Lee, So Young; Ramirez, Juanma; Franco, Maribel; Lectez, Benoit; Gonzalez, Monika; Barrio, Rosa; Mayor, Ugo] CIC BioGUNE, Derio 48160, Basque Country, Spain. [Mayor, Ugo] Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48011, Spain. RP Mayor, U (reprint author), CIC BioGUNE, Bizkaia Teknol Pk,Bldg 801-A, Derio 48160, Basque Country, Spain. EM umayor@cicbiogune.com RI Barrio, Rosa/F-8712-2011 OI Barrio, Rosa/0000-0002-9663-0669 FU CIC bioGUNE Gene Silencing Platform; Basque Government [PI2011-24, PI2009-16, PI2012/42]; March of Dimes Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award [5-FY12-16]; Spanish MICINN [BFU2008-01884, BFU2011-25986]; Bizkaia County; [CSD2007-008-25120] FX We would like to thank Janice Fischer, Fen-Biao Gao, Zoltan Lipinszki, Bloomington Stock Center, the DRSC, and The Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank-DSHB (University of Iowa) for flies, cells, dsRNA templates, and antibodies, and David Gubb for helpful advice and support. We thank J. D. Sutherland for his suggestion to use the anti-GFP beads. We would also like to thank Larry Reiter and Catherine Lindon for critical reading and comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the CIC bioGUNE Gene Silencing Platform for support. This work was supported by a Basque Government research grant (PI2011-24) and a March of Dimes Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award (5-FY12-16) to U. M. RB thanks the Spanish MICINN (grants BFU2008-01884, BFU2011-25986) and the Consolider Program (CSD2007-008-25120), the Basque Government (PI2009-16 and PI2012/42), and the Bizkaia County. 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Halgren, Eric TI Age-related Changes in Tissue Signal Properties Within Cortical Areas Important for Word Understanding in 12-to 19-Month-Old Infants SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE brain development; infants; language; structural MRI ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM MYELINATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NORMAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; HIGH-RESOLUTION MRI; GRAY-MATTER; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; IRON CONCENTRATION; T2-WEIGHTED MRI AB Recently, our laboratory has shown that the neural mechanisms for encoding lexico-semantic information in adults operate functionally by 12-18 months of age within left frontotemporal cortices (Travis et al., 2011. Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of word understanding in 12- to 18-month-old-infants. Cereb Cortex. 8:1832-1839). However, there is minimal knowledge of the structural changes that occur within these and other cortical regions important for language development. To identify regional structural changes taking place during this important period in infant development, we examined age-related changes in tissue signal properties of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) intensity and contrast. T-1-weighted surface-based measures were acquired from 12- to 19-month-old infants and analyzed using a general linear model. Significant age effects were observed for GM and WM intensity and contrast within bilateral inferior lateral and anterovental temporal regions, dorsomedial frontal, and superior parietal cortices. Region of interest (ROI) analyses revealed that GM and WM intensity and contrast significantly increased with age within the same left lateral temporal regions shown to generate lexico-semantic activity in infants and adults. These findings suggest that neurophysiological processes supporting linguistic and cognitive behaviors may develop before cellular and structural maturation is complete within associative cortices. These results have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms relating structural to functional brain development. C1 [Travis, Katherine E.; Curran, Megan M.; Torres, Christina; Leonard, Matthew K.; Dale, Anders M.; Halgren, Eric] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Travis, Katherine E.; Curran, Megan M.; Torres, Christina; Leonard, Matthew K.; Brown, Timothy T.; Dale, Anders M.; Halgren, Eric] Univ Calif San Diego, Multimodal Imaging Lab, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Brown, Timothy T.; Dale, Anders M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Elman, Jeffrey L.; Halgren, Eric] Univ Calif San Diego, Kavli Inst Brain & Mind, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Elman, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Travis, KE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Grant Bldg S-224, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ktravis1@stanford.edu FU Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, UCSD; NIH/NINDA [R01 NS018741-23A1, R21 HD066364]; NIH; Chancellor's Collaboratories Award, UCSD FX Funding sources include Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, UCSD http://kibm.ucsd.edu/ and NIH/NINDA R01 NS018741-23A1, R21 HD066364 funding of E. H. K. E. T and M. K. L. have been supported by NIH pre-doctoral training grants and the Chancellor's Collaboratories Award, UCSD. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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TI Gestational/ Perinatal chlorpyrifos exposure is not associated with autistic-like behaviors in rodents SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Danimal behavioral models; autism spectrum disorder; mice; pesticide; rats ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ANIMAL-MODELS; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; INBRED STRAINS; TASKS RELEVANT; FEMALE MICE; PREVALENCE; RATS; ADULTHOOD AB Although animal models cannot exactly replicate human psychiatric disorders, they may be useful to investigate whether the behaviors associated with certain exposures in animals parallel those observed in people. According to the most current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, autism is diagnosed based on (1) persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction; and (2) the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. To address whether developmental chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure was associated with the development of autistic behaviors, a literature search was conducted to identify studies in rats and mice involving gestational or early postnatal exposure to CPF or CPF oxon (CPO, the active metabolite of CPF) and subsequent behavioral testing to assess behaviors related to autism. A total of 13 studies conducted in six different laboratories were identified. Analysis of these studies found that perinatal CPF exposure was generally associated with (1) no effect or increased social communications; (2) no effect or increased social encounters; (3) no effect, reduced stereotypies, or conflicting findings on stereotypic behaviors; and (4) no effect or increased preference for novelty and reduced anxiety in novel environments. These behavioral findings are generally inconsistent with the types of behaviors that would be expected in children with clinical autism. Based on the results of this analysis of rodent model studies involving CPF/CPO exposure, it cannot be concluded that gestational and/or perinatal CPF exposure is likely to be associated with the development of autism-like behaviors in humans. C1 [Williams, Amy Lavin; DeSesso, John M.] Exponent Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Williams, AL (reprint author), Exponent Inc, 1800 Diagonal Rd,Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. 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Rev. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 6 BP 523 EP 534 DI 10.3109/10408444.2014.907772 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AK6DM UT WOS:000338518300003 PM 24861450 ER PT J AU de Klerk, CCJM Gliga, T Charman, T Johnson, MH AF de Klerk, Carina C. J. M. Gliga, Teodora Charman, Tony Johnson, Mark H. CA BASIS Team TI Face engagement during infancy predicts later face recognition ability in younger siblings of children with autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; VISUAL-ATTENTION; GAZE-FIXATION; HIGH-RISK; INDIVIDUALS; TODDLERS; PERCEPTION; DIAGNOSIS; CIRCUITRY AB Face recognition difficulties are frequently documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It has been hypothesized that these difficulties result from a reduced interest in faces early in life, leading to decreased cortical specialization and atypical development of the neural circuitry for face processing. However, a recent study by our lab demonstrated that infants at increased familial risk for ASD, irrespective of their diagnostic status at 3 years, exhibit a clear orienting response to faces. The present study was conducted as a follow-up on the same cohort to investigate how measures of early engagement with faces relate to face-processing abilities later in life. We also investigated whether face recognition difficulties are specifically related to an ASD diagnosis, or whether they are present at a higher rate in all those at familial risk. At 3 years we found a reduced ability to recognize unfamiliar faces in the high-risk group that was not specific to those children who received an ASD diagnosis, consistent with face recognition difficulties being an endophenotype of the disorder. Furthermore, we found that longer looking at faces at 7 months was associated with poorer performance on the face recognition task at 3 years in the high-risk group. These findings suggest that longer looking at faces in infants at risk for ASD might reflect early face-processing difficulties and predicts difficulties with recognizing faces later in life. C1 [de Klerk, Carina C. J. M.; Gliga, Teodora; Johnson, Mark H.] Univ London, Birbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Charman, Tony] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London, England. RP de Klerk, CCJM (reprint author), Univ London, Birbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Henry Wellcome Bldg, London WC1E 7HX, England. 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Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 596 EP 611 DI 10.1111/desc.12141 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AK0OU UT WOS:000338114300009 PM 24314028 ER PT J AU Bedford, R Pickles, A Gliga, T Elsabbagh, M Charman, T Johnson, MH AF Bedford, Rachael Pickles, Andrew Gliga, Teodora Elsabbagh, Mayada Charman, Tony Johnson, Mark H. CA BASIS Team TI Additive effects of social and non-social attention during infancy relate to later autism spectrum disorder SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; DISENGAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Emerging findings from studies with infants at familial high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), owing to an older sibling with a diagnosis, suggest that those who go on to develop ASD show early impairments in the processing of stimuli with both social and non-social content. Although ASD is defined by social-communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviours, the majority of cognitive theories of ASD posit a single underlying factor, which over development has secondary effects across domains. This is the first high-risk study to statistically differentiate theoretical models of the development of ASD in high-risk siblings using multiple risk factors. We examined the prediction of ASD outcome by attention to social and non-social stimuli: gaze following and attentional disengagement assessed at 13 months in low-risk controls and high-risk ASD infants (who were subsequently diagnosed with ASD at 3 years). When included in the same regression model, these 13-month measures independently predicted ASD outcome at 3 years of age. The data were best described by an additive model, suggesting that non-social attention, disengagement, and social attention as evidenced by gaze following, have a cumulative impact on ASD risk. These data argue against cognitive theories of ASD which propose that a single underlying factor has cascading effects across early development leading to an ASD outcome, and support multiple impairment models of ASD that are more consistent with recent genetic and neurobiological evidence. C1 [Bedford, Rachael; Pickles, Andrew; Charman, Tony] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Gliga, Teodora; Johnson, Mark H.] Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Birkbeck, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Elsabbagh, Mayada] McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Bedford, R (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat, P020,Decrespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 612 EP 620 DI 10.1111/desc.12139 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AK0OU UT WOS:000338114300010 PM 25089324 ER PT J AU Helbig, I Swinkels, MEM Aten, E Caliebe, A van 't Slot, R Boor, R von Spiczak, S Muhle, H Jahn, JA van Binsbergen, E van Nieuwenhuizen, O Jansen, FE Braun, KPJ de Haan, GJ Tommerup, N Stephani, U Hjalgrim, H Poot, M Lindhout, D Brilstra, EH Moller, RS Koeleman, BPC AF Helbig, Ingo Swinkels, Marielle E. M. Aten, Emmelien Caliebe, Almuth van 't Slot, Ruben Boor, Rainer von Spiczak, Sarah Muhle, Hiltrud Jaehn, Johanna A. van Binsbergen, Ellen van Nieuwenhuizen, Onno Jansen, Floor E. Braun, Kees P. J. de Haan, Gerrit-Jan Tommerup, Niels Stephani, Ulrich Hjalgrim, Helle Poot, Martin Lindhout, Dick Brilstra, Eva H. Moller, Rikke S. Koeleman, Bobby P. C. TI Structural genomic variation in childhood epilepsies with complex phenotypes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CNV; structural genomic variation; childhood epilepsies; epileptic encephalopathies ID TERMINAL DELETION SYNDROME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; 16P13.11 PREDISPOSE; CLASSIFICATION; MICRODELETIONS; AUTISM AB A genetic contribution to a broad range of epilepsies has been postulated, and particularly copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as significant genetic risk factors. However, the role of CNVs in patients with epilepsies with complex phenotypes is not known. Therefore, we investigated the role of CNVs in patients with unclassified epilepsies and complex phenotypes. A total of 222 patients from three European countries, including patients with structural lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dysmorphic features, and multiple congenital anomalies, were clinically evaluated and screened for CNVs. MRI findings including acquired or developmental lesions and patient characteristics were subdivided and analyzed in subgroups. MRI data were available for 88.3% of patients, of whom 41.6% had abnormal MRI findings. Eighty-eight rare CNVs were discovered in 71 out of 222 patients (31.9%). Segregation of all identified variants could be assessed in 42 patients, 11 of which were de novo. The frequency of all structural variants and de novo variants was not statistically different between patients with or without MRI abnormalities or MRI subcategories. Patients with dysmorphic features were more likely to carry a rare CNV. Genome-wide screening methods for rare CNVs may provide clues for the genetic etiology in patients with a broader range of epilepsies than previously anticipated, including in patients with various brain anomalies detectable by MRI. Performing genome-wide screens for rare CNVs can be a valuable contribution to the routine diagnostic workup in patients with a broad range of childhood epilepsies. C1 [Helbig, Ingo; Boor, Rainer; von Spiczak, Sarah; Muhle, Hiltrud; Jaehn, Johanna A.; Stephani, Ulrich] Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein UKSH, Dept Neuropediat, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Swinkels, Marielle E. M.; van 't Slot, Ruben; van Binsbergen, Ellen; Poot, Martin; Lindhout, Dick; Brilstra, Eva H.; Koeleman, Bobby P. C.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Swinkels, Marielle E. M.; de Haan, Gerrit-Jan; Lindhout, Dick] SEIN Epilepsy Inst Netherlands Fdn, Hoofddorp, Netherlands. [Aten, Emmelien] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. [Caliebe, Almuth] Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein UKSH, Dept Human Genet, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [van Nieuwenhuizen, Onno; Jansen, Floor E.; Braun, Kees P. J.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Clin Neurol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Tommerup, Niels; Moller, Rikke S.] Wilhelm Johannsen Ctr Funct Genome Res, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hjalgrim, Helle; Moller, Rikke S.] Danish Epilepsy Ctr, Dianalund, Denmark. [Hjalgrim, Helle; Moller, Rikke S.] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Reg Hlth Serv Res, Odense, Denmark. RP Helbig, I (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein UKSH, Dept Neuropediat, Bldg 9,Arnold Heller St 3, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM i.helbig@pedneuro.uni-kiel.de RI Poot, Martin/F-9427-2010; Stephani, Ulrich/D-1004-2010 FU EuroEPINOMICS projects within the EUROCORES framework of the European Science Foundation; German Research Foundation (DFG HE) [5413/3-1] FX We thank the patients and their parents for participation in this study. This project was supported by the EuroEPINOMICS projects within the EUROCORES framework of the European Science Foundation and funds of the German Research Foundation (DFG HE 5413/3-1). 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J. Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 22 IS 7 BP 896 EP 901 DI 10.1038/ejhg.2013.262 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AK3RP UT WOS:000338342700011 PM 24281369 ER PT J AU Lee, H Lin, MCA Kornblum, HI Papazian, DM Nelson, SF AF Lee, Hane Lin, Meng-chin A. Kornblum, Harley I. Papazian, Diane M. Nelson, Stanley F. TI Exome sequencing identifies de novo gain of function missense mutation in KCND2 in identical twins with autism and seizures that slows potassium channel inactivation SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CLOSED-STATE INACTIVATION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; K+ CHANNELS; YOUNG-ADULTS; ION CHANNELS; EPILEPSY; KV4.2; MODULATION; PROTEIN; INDIVIDUALS AB Numerous studies and case reports show comorbidity of autism and epilepsy, suggesting some common molecular underpinnings of the two phenotypes. However, the relationship between the two, on the molecular level, remains unclear. Here, whole exome sequencing was performed on a family with identical twins affected with autism and severe, intractable seizures. A de novo variant was identified in the KCND2 gene, which encodes the Kv4.2 potassium channel. Kv4.2 is a major pore-forming subunit in somatodendritic subthreshold A-type potassium current (I-SA) channels. The de novo mutation p.Val404Met is novel and occurs at a highly conserved residue within the C-terminal end of the transmembrane helix S6 region of the ion permeation pathway. Functional analysis revealed the likely pathogenicity of the variant in that the p.Val404Met mutant construct showed significantly slowed inactivation, either by itself or after equimolar coexpression with the wild-type Kv4.2 channel construct consistent with a dominant effect. Further, the effect of the mutation on closed-state inactivation was evident in the presence of auxiliary subunits that associate with Kv4 subunits to form I-SA channels in vivo. Discovery of a functionally relevant novel de novo variant, coupled with physiological evidence that the mutant protein disrupts potassium current inactivation, strongly supports KCND2 as the causal gene for epilepsy in this family. Interaction of KCND2 with other genes implicated in autism and the role of KCND2 in synaptic plasticity provide suggestive evidence of an etiological role in autism. C1 [Lee, Hane; Nelson, Stanley F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lin, Meng-chin A.; Papazian, Diane M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kornblum, Harley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kornblum, Harley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kornblum, Harley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nelson, Stanley F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Nelson, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM snelson@ucla.edu FU P30 UCLA Muscular Dystrophy Core Center grant; National Institutes of Health [5R01NS073871-03, 5R01GM043459-21] FX The work was performed within the UCLA Clinical Genomics Center with support from the P30 UCLA Muscular Dystrophy Core Center grant to S.N., National Institutes of Health grant 5R01NS073871-03 to S.N. and National Institutes of Health grant 5R01GM043459-21 to D.M.P. 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Mol. Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 13 BP 3481 EP 3489 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddu056 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AK0ST UT WOS:000338126300011 PM 24501278 ER PT J AU Clipperton-Allen, AE Page, DT AF Clipperton-Allen, Amy E. Page, Damon T. TI Pten haploinsufficient mice show broad brain overgrowth but selective impairments in autism-relevant behavioral tests SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; TENSIN HOMOLOG; KNOCKOUT MICE; MOUSE MODEL; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SOCIAL INFORMATION; DOPAMINE NEURONS AB Accelerated head and brain growth (macrocephaly) during development is a replicated biological finding in a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the relationship between brain overgrowth and the behavioral and cognitive symptoms of ASD is poorly understood. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway regulates cellular growth; several genes encoding negative regulators of this pathway are ASD risk factors, including PTEN. Mutations in PTEN have been reported in individuals with ASD and macrocephaly. We report that brain overgrowth is widespread in Pten germline haploinsufficient (Pten(+/-)) mice, reflecting Pten mRNA expression in the developing brain. We then ask if broad brain overgrowth translates into general or specific effects on the development of behavior and cognition by testing Pten(+/-) mice using assays relevant to ASD and comorbidities. Deficits in social behavior were observed in both sexes. Males also showed abnormalities related to repetitive behavior and mood/anxiety. Females exhibited circadian activity and emotional learning phenotypes. 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EM paged@scripps.edu FU Scripps Research Institute FX We are grateful for gift funds from Mrs Nancy Lurie Marks and startup funds from The Scripps Research Institute for support. 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Mol. Genet. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 13 BP 3490 EP 3505 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddu057 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AK0ST UT WOS:000338126300012 PM 24497577 ER PT J AU Sinzig, J Vinzelberg, I Evers, D Lehmkuhl, G AF Sinzig, Judith Vinzelberg, Isabella Evers, Dagmar Lehmkuhl, Gerd TI Executive function and attention profiles in preschool and elementary school children with autism spectrum disorders or ADHD SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE ADHD; attention; autism; executive functions; neuropsychology; preschool age ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; COMORBIDITY; PERFORMANCE; SYMPTOMS; METHYLPHENIDATE; BEHAVIOR AB Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show executive function and attention problems. By now, these are well described in school children and adolescents, but not in preschool or elementary school children. The goal of this study was to compare the neuropsychological profiles of executive and attention functions in an ADHD, an ASD, and a typically-developing group. Eighty-five children aged 4-9 years old with ADHD (n=30) or ASD (n=26) and healthy children (n=29) were included consecutively. Psychopathology was evaluated using the KIDDIE-SADS, the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), and symptom checklists for ADHD according to DSM-IV. Assessment of neuropsychological functioning included tasks from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (ANT), namely, inhibition (GoNoGo), flexibility (shifting attentional set visual), and sustained attention (sustained attention objects). A MANOVA with age and IQ as covariates revealed statistically significant group effects for the variable 'flexibility errors compatible'. Effect sizes showed clear deficits of children with ASD and ADHD in inhibition and, furthermore, impairments in sustained attention in ASD children. Pearson correlations revealed associations between social problems and aggressive behaviour with all three tasks in the ADHD group and between thought problems and sustained attention in the ASD group. Our hypothesis was partly confirmed as ADHD children showed more deficits in inhibition tasks than healthy children. However, there was no evidence that children with ASD have a specific profile in comparison to ADHD children. C1 [Sinzig, Judith; Evers, Dagmar; Lehmkuhl, Gerd] Univ Cologne, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Cologne, Germany. [Sinzig, Judith; Vinzelberg, Isabella] LVR Klin Bonn, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-53111 Bonn, Germany. [Evers, Dagmar] LVR Klin Viersen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Viersen, Germany. 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J. Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 60 IS 3 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1179/2047387714Y.0000000040 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK4YG UT WOS:000338429900004 ER PT J AU Geurts, H Sinzig, J Booth, R Happe, F AF Geurts, Hilde Sinzig, Judith Booth, Rhonda Happe, Francesca TI Neuropsychological heterogeneity in executive functioning in autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; heterogeneity; executive functions; ADHD ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CENTRAL COHERENCE; CHILDREN; ADHD; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENTS AB In most research it is common to report results on a group level. For example, various studies report that children and adults with autism show executive function deficits. However, studies often differ in the pattern of findings. We believe this might be partly due to the heterogeneity of the autism population. Put differently, some people with autism might indeed have executive dysfunctions, but this does not mean that everybody with autism has such a deficit. In the current study we re-analysed published data from children with autism, children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (also associated with executive dysfunction) and children without a clinical diagnosis. A surprisingly small number of children did indeed have executive function deficits. However, children with a clinical diagnosis had executive function deficits more often than those without a diagnosis. These findings show us that besides reporting findings on a group level, researchers need to report findings on an individual level. Understanding the differences between individuals with autism might help us in pinpointing differences in etiology, prognosis, and treatment response. Different subsets of autism symptoms might be genetically partly independent. With respect to cognition, this may imply that one cognitive theory is unlikely to explain all symptoms and that there will be large individual differences in cognitive deficits/assets between individuals with autism. However, most journal articles report only group differences, treating individual differences more or less as 'noise' in the data. In the current study, we reanalyzed data from three independent studies (totaling 93 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), 104 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 93 typically developing children) to examine the degree of heterogeneity in executive function deficits. The three main findings were that (1) only a small percentage of children with ASD had a significant deficit in measured executive function; (2) there is not just heterogeneity within ASD groups, but also across studies, and (3) in line with Nigg and colleagues (2005), only a small number of children with ADHD showed a significant inhibitory control deficit. Executive (dys)function cannot be a marker for ASD as defined in the DSM, but might have potential as a specifier like IQ and language. This is in line with the idea that the executive function account cannot be a sole explanation for ASD. The findings do suggest that an individual differences approach might give us more information on potential subtypes within the autism spectrum. Future research is needed to define and test neuropsychological subtypes and their external correlates, including etiology, prognosis, and treatment response. C1 [Geurts, Hilde] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Dutch Autism & ADHD Res Ctr dArc, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Geurts, Hilde] Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Autism Clin, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Sinzig, Judith] LVR Klin, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Bonn, Germany. [Booth, Rhonda] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Happe, Francesca] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Med Res Council Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Geurts, H (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Dutch Autism & ADHD Res Ctr dArc, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 60 IS 3 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1179/2047387714Y.0000000047 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK4YG UT WOS:000338429900005 ER PT J AU Willfors, C Poltrago, L Berggren, S Coco, C Anckarsater, H Lichtenstein, P Ronald, A Bolte, S AF Willfors, Charlotte Poltrago, Lina Berggren, Steve Coco, Christina Anckarsater, Henrik Lichtenstein, Paul Ronald, Angelica Bolte, Sven TI On the role of non-shared environment for executive functioning in ADHD: a twin-differences design study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Neurodevelopmental disorders; NDD; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; neuropsychology; neuropsychiatry; discordant twin pair design; autism spectrum disorders; impulsivity; inhibition; concordance; discordance; monozygotic twin pairs ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CARD SORTING TEST; EARLY ADOLESCENCE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILDREN; INHIBITION; CHILDHOOD; METAANALYSIS; SPECIFICITY AB Introduction: The study of differences between monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs with respect to ADHD may provide novel leads to disentangle the environmental contribution driving its phenotypes. Objectives: To examine non-shared environmental influences on executive function in dimensionally defined ADHD. Methods: This study included 27 MZ twin pairs (7 female) aged 11-20 years being moderately to substantially discordant for ADHD traits as assessed by the Attention Problem (AP) scale of the Child Behavior Checklist/Adult Behavior Checklist. The twins completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive flexibility and the Tower Test (TT) for foresighted planning. Two statistical approaches were used to analyze the data. First, correlations between ADHD trait intra-pair differences and WCST and TT scores were calculated. Second, the significance of those intra-pair differences on WCST and TT, using ADHD as categorical variable in clinically discordant pairs, was tested. Results: Both analysing strategies revealed a link between ADHD on one hand, and foresighted planning and inhibitory control on the other hand mediated by non-shared environmental factors. The first statistical approach yielded positive correlations between intra-pairs differences on the AP scale and intra-pair differences on two subscales of the TT: total rule violation (r(s)=0.41) and rule-violation-per-item-ratio (r(s)=0.38). Findings in categorically discordant pairs were consistent, showing within-pair differences on the same subtests (z-1.63, P=0.05, one-tailed and z=-1.60, P=0.05, one-tailed). Conclusions: Findings confirm previous research suggesting ADHD to be a quantitative extreme on a continuum with executive functions being a cognitive marker of ADHD traits. Non-shared environmental factors appear to influence planning skills and inhibitory control. C1 [Willfors, Charlotte; Poltrago, Lina; Berggren, Steve; Bolte, Sven] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Neurodev Disorders, Pediat Neuropsychiat Unit, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. [Poltrago, Lina] Prima Barn & Vuxenpsykiatri AB, Stockholm, Sweden. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 60 IS 3 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1179/2047387714Y.0000000041 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK4YG UT WOS:000338429900006 ER PT J AU Kretschmer, A Lampmann, SA Altgassen, M AF Kretschmer, Anett Lampmann, Sara-Ann Altgassen, Mareike TI Relations between moral reasoning, theory of mind and executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE moral reasoning; executive functioning; autism spectrum disorders ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; WORKING-MEMORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; INHIBITORY CONTROL; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; EMPATHY; JUDGMENT; ADULTS; COGNITION AB The aims of the present study were to investigate relations between moral reasoning, executive functioning and Theory of Mind in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared to typically developing children and to apply the dual aspect theory of Lind (1978, 2008) to moral reasoning in individuals with and without ASD. Overall, 21 children with ASD (age: M=10.22, SD=1.55) and 21 controls (age: M=9.83, SD=2.36) participated and completed the Moral Reasoning Test for children from Zierer (2006), which tests affective and cognitive aspects of moral reasoning. In addition, participants completed two Theory of Mind tasks, a working memory and an inhibition test. Correlational analyses revealed significant relations between cognitive moral reasoning and inhibitory control as well as between Theory of Mind and inhibition for the ASD group. Thus, inhibitory control, but not working memory and Theory of Mind, might be one key mechanism underlying moral reasoning, and possibly ToM development in children with ASD. Analyses of variance revealed no significant differences in cognitive and affective aspects of moral reasoning between individuals with ASD and typically developing children. Both groups did also not differ in Theory of Mind and executive functioning. 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J. Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 60 IS 3 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1179/2047387714Y.0000000045 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AK4YG UT WOS:000338429900007 ER PT J AU Altgassen, M Koch, A AF Altgassen, Mareike Koch, Andrea TI Impact of inhibitory load on remembering delayed intentions in autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; PDD; prospective memory; executive function; inhibition ID PROSPECTIVE MEMORY; SPECTRUM DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; RETROSPECTIVE-MEMORY; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; ADULTS; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; RETRIEVAL AB Objective: Research on prospective memory (PM) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is scarce and inconsistent. Differences in results have been attributed to differences in executive control demands of the respective PM tasks. However, so far no study has systematically and experimentally manipulated executive control load. The present study set out to explore the impact of varying inhibitory control demands on PM performance in ASD. Method: Twenty-two adults with ASD and 22 age-, gender- and cognitive ability-matched controls were asked to work on a computerised word categorization task into which an event-based PM task was embedded. In addition, they were required to work on a task that put either low or high load on inhibitory resources. Results: With regards to the event-based PM task, no significant effects emerged. Controls outperformed individuals with ASD on the ongoing task performance and ongoing task performance varied with inhibition load. Similarly, inhibition load affected performance on the inhibition task; here, no group effects were found. Conclusion: Findings suggest spared event-based PM performance in ASD regardless of inhibition load. However, results might be limited by ceiling effects and future studies are needed to investigate to explore inhibition effects using more difficult tasks. C1 [Altgassen, Mareike] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Altgassen, Mareike; Koch, Andrea] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Psychol, Dresden, Germany. RP Altgassen, M (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, POB 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Williams, Nigel O'Donovan, Michael C. Thapar, Anita Holmans, Peter TI Biological Overlap of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Copy Number Variants SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; ASD; pathway analysis; CNVs; comorbidity ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; TWIN SAMPLE; ADHD; DUPLICATIONS; ASSOCIATION; RELIABILITY; INTERVIEW; DELETIONS AB Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur and share genetic risks. The aim of this analysis was to determine more broadly whether ADHD and ASD share biological underpinnings. Method: We compared copy number variant (CNV) data from 727 children with ADHD and 5,081 population controls to data from 996 individuals with ASD and an independent set of 1,287 controls. Using pathway analyses, we investigated whether CNVs observed in individuals with ADHD have an impact on genes in the same biological pathways as on those observed in individuals with ASD. Results: The results suggest that the biological pathways affected by CNVs in ADHD overlap with those affected by CNVs in ASD more than would be expected by chance. Moreover, this was true even when specific CNV regions common to both disorders were excluded from the analysis. After correction for multiple testing, genes involved in 3 biological processes (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling pathway, cell division, and response to drug) showed significant enrichment for case CNV hits in the combined ADHD and ASD sample. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the presence of significant overlap of shared biological processes disrupted by large rare CNVs in children with these 2 neurodevelopmental conditions. C1 [Martin, Joanna; Cooper, Miriam; Hamshere, Marian L.; Pocklington, Andrew; Owen, Michael J.; Williams, Nigel; O'Donovan, Michael C.; Thapar, Anita; Holmans, Peter] Cardiff Univ, MRC, Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci,Sch Med, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, S Glam, Wales. [Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Kent, Lindsey] Univ St Andrews, Bute Med Sch, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Gill, Michael] Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Dublin, Ireland. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, MRC, Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci,Sch Med, Hadyn Ellis Bldg,Maindy Rd, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, S Glam, Wales. RI Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Holmans, Peter/F-4518-2015 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Holmans, Peter/0000-0003-0870-9412 FU Medical Research Council (UK); Baily Thomas Charitable Trust; Wellcome Trust and Action Research; University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Genome Canada FX This work has been supported by the Medical Research Council (UK), Baily Thomas Charitable Trust, the Wellcome Trust and Action Research, the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and Genome Canada. 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TI Copy number variation in schizophrenia in Sweden SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DE-NOVO CNVS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; GENES; GENETICS; RISK; VARIANTS; DISEASE; PARTICIPATION AB Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder of complex genetic etiology. Previous genome-wide surveys have revealed a greater burden of large, rare copy number variations (CNVs) in SCZ cases and identified multiple rare recurrent CNVs that increase risk of SCZ although with incomplete penetrance and pleiotropic effects. Identification of additional recurrent CNVs and biological pathways enriched for SCZ CNVs requires greater sample sizes. We conducted a genome-wide survey for CNVs associated with SCZ using a Swedish national sample (4719 cases and 5917 controls). High-confidence CNV calls were generated using genotyping array intensity data, and their effect on risk of SCZ was measured. Our data confirm increased burden of large, rare CNVs in SCZ cases as well as significant associations for recurrent 16p11.2 duplications, 22q11.2 deletions and 3q29 deletions. We report a novel association for 17q12 duplications (odds ratio = 4.16, P = 0.018), previously associated with autism and mental retardation but not SCZ. Intriguingly, gene set association analyses implicate biological pathways previously associated with SCZ through common variation and exome sequencing (calcium channel signaling and binding partners of the fragile X mental retardation protein). We found significantly increased burden of the largest CNVs (>500 kb) in genes present in the postsynaptic density, in genomic regions implicated via SCZ genome-wide association studies and in gene products localized to mitochondria and cytoplasm. Our findings suggest that multiple lines of genomic inquiry-genome-wide screens for CNVs, common variation and exonic variation-are converging on similar sets of pathways and/or genes. C1 [Szatkiewicz, J. P.; Chen, G.; Kim, Y.; Crowley, J. J.; Sullivan, P. F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [O'Dushlaine, C.; Chambert, K.; Moran, J. L.; Neale, B. M.; Bergen, S. E.; Scolnick, E.; Purcell, S.; McCarroll, S. A.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Stanley Ctr Psychiat Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Fromer, M.; Ruderfer, D.; Sklar, P.; Purcell, S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Akterin, S.; Bergen, S. E.; Kaehler, A.; Magnusson, P. K. E.; Hultman, C. M.; Sullivan, P. F.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Rees, E.; Kirov, G.; O'Donovan, M. C.; Owen, M. J.; Walters, J.] Cardiff Univ, Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff, Wales. [McCarroll, S. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA USA. RP Sullivan, PF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, CB 7264,5097 Genom Med Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pfsulliv@med.unc.edu FU NIMH [R01 MH077139, R01 MH095034, K01 MH093517]; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research; Stanley Medical Research Institute; Sylvan Herman Foundation; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Swedish Research Council; Swedish County Council; Soderstrom Konigska Foundation; Netherlands Scientific Organization [NWO 645-000-003]; Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre Grant [G0800509]; Medical Research Council (MRC) Program Grant [G0801418]; European Community [HEALTH-F2-2010-241909]; MRC; MRC/Welsh Assembly Government; British Medical Association FX We are deeply grateful for the participation of all subjects contributing to this research and to the team that conducted the fieldwork (Emma Flordal-Thelander, Ann-Britt Holmgren, Marie Hallin, Marie Lundin, Ann-Kristin Sundberg, Christina Pettersson, Radja Satgunanthan-Dawoud, Sonja Hassellund, Malin Radstrom, Birgitta Ohlander, Leila Nyren and Isabelle Kizling). Funding support was provided by NIMH R01 MH077139 (Sullivan), NIMH R01 MH095034 (Sklar), NIMH K01 MH093517 Szatklewicz), the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, the Stanley Medical Research Institute, the Sylvan Herman Foundation, the Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish County Council, the Soderstrom Konigska Foundation and the Netherlands Scientific Organization (NWO 645-000-003). The work at UK was funded by Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre (G0800509) and Program Grants (G0801418), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (HEALTH-F2-2010-241909 (Project EU-GEI), an MRC PhD Studentship to ER, a clinical research fellowship to JTRW from the MRC/Welsh Assembly Government and the Margaret Temple Award from the British Medical Association. The UK samples were genotyped at the Broad Institute, USA, funded by a philanthropic gift to the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research. The funders had no role in study design, execution, analysis and manuscript preparation. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. The corresponding authors had access to the full data set. 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Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 7 BP 762 EP 773 DI 10.1038/mp.2014.40 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AK1OV UT WOS:000338185300005 PM 24776740 ER PT J AU Toma, C Torrico, B Hervas, A Valdes-Mas, R Tristan-Noguero, A Padillo, V Maristany, M Salgado, M Arenas, C Puente, XS Bayes, M Cormand, B AF Toma, C. Torrico, B. Hervas, A. Valdes-Mas, R. Tristan-Noguero, A. Padillo, V. Maristany, M. Salgado, M. Arenas, C. Puente, X. S. Bayes, M. Cormand, B. TI Exome sequencing in multiplex autism families suggests a major role for heterozygous truncating mutations SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; exome sequencing; multiplex families; novel candidate genes; rare genetic variants; truncating mutations ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; GENES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; IDENTIFICATION; PHENOTYPES; 17P13.3; RISK; BTK AB Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, the aetiology of which remains mainly unknown. Family and twin studies provide strong evidence that genetic factors have a major role in the aetiology of this disease. Recently, whole exome sequencing (WES) efforts have focused mainly on rare de novo variants in singleton families. Although these studies have provided pioneering insights, de novo variants probably explain only a small proportion of the autism risk variance. In this study, we performed exome sequencing of 10 autism multiplex families with the aim of investigating the role of rare variants that are coinherited in the affected sibs. The pool of variants selected in our study is enriched with genes involved in neuronal functions or previously reported in psychiatric disorders, as shown by Gene Ontology analysis and by browsing the Neurocarta database. Our data suggest that rare truncating heterozygous variants have a predominant role in the aetiology of autism. Using a multiple linear regression model, we found that the burden of truncating mutations correlates with a lower non- verbal intelligence quotient (NVIQ). Also, the number of truncating mutations that were transmitted to the affected sibs was significantly higher (twofold) than those not transmitted. Protein-protein interaction analysis performed with our list of mutated genes revealed that the postsynaptic YWHAZ is the most interconnected node of the network. Among the genes found disrupted in our study, there is evidence suggesting that YWHAZ and also the X-linked DRP2 may be considered as novel autism candidate genes. C1 [Toma, C.; Torrico, B.; Tristan-Noguero, A.; Cormand, B.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Toma, C.; Torrico, B.; Cormand, B.] Biomed Network Res Ctr Rare Dis CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain. [Hervas, A.] Hosp Univ Mutua Terrassa, Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Valdes-Mas, R.; Puente, X. S.] Univ Oviedo IUOPA, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Barcelona, Spain. [Padillo, V.; Maristany, M.] Hosp San Juan Dios, Dev Disorders Unit UETD, Barcelona, Spain. [Arenas, C.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Stat, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Bayes, M.] Natl Ctr Genom Anal CNAG, Barcelona, Spain. [Cormand, B.] Univ Barcelona, Inst Biomed, Barcelona 08028, Spain. RP Cormand, B (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, Avinguda Diagonal 643,Edifici Prevosti,3a Planta, Barcelona 08028, Spain. EM bcormand@ub.edu RI Toma, Claudio/L-7853-2014 OI Toma, Claudio/0000-0003-3901-7507 FU European Union [PIEF-GA-2009-254930]; AGAUR [2009SGR00971]; Fundacio La Marato de TV3 [092010]; Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain [SAF2012-33484, SAF2010-21165] FX We are grateful to all families for their participation in our study. We thank Patricia Romaris (Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa) for contributing to clinical delineation of patients and Lara Nonell and Eulalia Puigdecanet (Servei d'Analisi de Micorarrays, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona) for their contribution to the CNV studies. Exome sequencing services were provided by the National Centre for Genomic Analysis (CNAG). CT was supported by the European Union (Marie Curie, PIEF-GA-2009-254930) and BT by AGAUR (FI grant). Financial support was received from 'Fundacio La Marato de TV3' (092010), 'Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz', AGAUR (2009SGR00971) and 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain' (SAF2012-33484, SAF2010-21165). 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We discovered differentially expressed miRNAs and broad miRNA patterns across both temporal and spatial dimensions, and between male and female prefrontal cortex. Putative target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, which demonstrated functional enrichment for transcription regulation, synaptogenesis and other basic intracellular processes. Sex-biased miRNAs also targeted genes related to Wnt and transforming growth factor-beta pathways. The differentially expressed miRNA targets were highly enriched for gene sets related to autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, but not neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy or other adult-onset psychiatric diseases. Our results suggest critical roles for the identified miRNAs in transcriptional networks of the developing human brain and neurodevelopmental disorders. C1 [Zaits, M. N.; Rennert, O. M.] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Zaits, M. N.] Univ Cambridge, NIH, Biomed Scholars Program, Cambridge, England. [Zaits, M. N.] Baylor Coll Med MSTP, Houston, TX USA. RP Zaits, MN (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, 49 Convent Dr,Bldg 49,Room 2C08, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ziatsm@mail.nih.gov; rennerto@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH; Baylor College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP); NIH-Oxford/Cambridge Biomedical Scholars Program FX We thank the Allen Institute for Brain Science. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program (IRP) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. MNZ was also supported by the Baylor College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) and the NIH-Oxford/Cambridge Biomedical Scholars Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 7 BP 848 EP 852 DI 10.1038/mp.2013.93 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AK1OV UT WOS:000338185300014 ER PT J AU Lucas, R Norbury, CF AF Lucas, Rebecca Norbury, Courtenay Frazier TI Orthography facilitates vocabulary learning for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orthography; Reading; Vocabulary; Word learning; Autism spectrum disorder ID PICTURE BOOKS; COMPREHENSION DIFFICULTIES; WORD-RECOGNITION; LANGUAGE; CONSOLIDATION; SPEECH; SLEEP; INFORMATION; ACQUISITION; INTEGRATION AB This study investigated the extent to which children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can use orthography to facilitate vocabulary learning, as is the case for typically developing (TD) children. Forty-one children aged 7-12 years, 20 with a formal diagnosis of ASD and 21 TD peers, were taught 16 low-frequency concrete science words, such as "breccia". Half of the stimuli had the written word presented alongside a picture of the target item (orthography present: OP) while the remaining items were taught with orthography absent (OA). During the learning phase, eye movements were recorded; there were no group differences in the time spent fixating the written form. Production, comprehension, and recognition of orthographic forms of new words were assessed immediately after learning and again after a 24-hour delay. The vocabulary learning of both groups was facilitated by the presence of orthography. Overall, the groups did not differ in comprehension of new words or recognition of new orthographic forms, although the children with ASD demonstrated superior phonological learning (as measured by a picture naming task) relative to TD peers. 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The authors hypothesized that neuropsychiatric disorders considered to be developmental in etiology are associated with susceptibility genes that are relatively upregulated during fetal life (i.e., differentially expressed). Method: The authors investigated the presence of prenatal expression enrichment of susceptibility genes systematically, as composite gene sets associated with six neuropsychiatric disorders in the microarray-based "BrainCloud" dorsolateral prefrontal cortex transcriptome. Results: Using a fetal/postnatal log2-fold change threshold of 0.5, genes associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders (N=31 genes, p=3.37x10(-3)), intellectual disability (N=88 genes, p=5.53x10(-3)), and autism spectrum disorder (N=242 genes, p=3.45x10(-4)) were relatively, enriched in prenatal transcript abundance, compared with the overall transcriptome. Genes associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association studies were not preferentially fetally expressed (N=106 genes, p=0.46), nor were genes associated with schizophrenia by exome sequencing (N=2.12 genes, p=0.21), but specific genes within copy-number variant regions associated with schizophrenia were relatively enriched in prenatal transcript abundance, and genes associated with schizophrenia by meta-analysis were functionally enriched for some neurodevelopmental processes. In contrast, genes associated with neurode-generative disorders were significantly underexpressed during fetal life (N=46 genes, p=1.67x10(-3)). Conclusions: The authors found evidence for relative prenatal enrichment of putative susceptibility genes for syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. 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TI Neuropsychology and brain morphology in Klinefelter syndrome - the impact of genetics SO ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain morphology; Epigenetics; Klinefelter syndrome; neuropsychology; testosterone ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE; X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; CAG REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; CANDIDATE GENES; OLDER MEN; TESTOSTERONE; PHENOTYPE; ASSOCIATION AB Klinefelter syndrome (KS, 47,XXY) is associated with increased psychiatric morbidity and cognitive disabilities, although the neuropsychological phenotype shows great variability. Androgen receptor polymorphism (CAG repeat length), skewed X-chromosome inactivation and parent-of-origin of the extra X-chromosome have been suggested to influence cognitive function and psychological traits. These issues have not been clarified for KS patients. We studied X-chromosome inactivation pattern, CAG repeat length and parent-of-origin in relation to educational and cohabitation status, personality and autism traits, psychological distress, cognitive function and brain volumes in 73 KS patients and 73 controls. Grey matter (GM) volume of left insula was significantly decreased in KS patients with skewed X-inactivation (z=5.78) and we observed a borderline significant difference in global brain matter volume where KS patients with skewed X-chromosome inactivation tended to have smaller brains. Skewed X-inactivation, CAG repeat length and parent-of-origin were not correlated with educational and marital status, personality traits, autism traits, and psychological distress, prevalence of depression and anxiety or cognitive function. Interestingly our results regarding brain volumes indicate that X-inactivation has an influence on GM volume in left insula and might also be related to global GM volume, indicating a possible effect of X-linked genes on the development of GM volume in KS patient. Skewed X-inactivation, CAG repeat length and parent-of-origin have no impact on the neuropsychological phenotype in KS (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (Clinical trial NCT00999310)). C1 [Skakkebk, A.; Gravholt, C. H.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Internal Med MEA, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Bojesen, A.] Sygehus Lillebaelt, Vejle Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Vejle, Denmark. [Kristensen, M. K.] Odense Univ Clin, Dept Mental Hlth, Odense, Denmark. [Cohen, A.; Hougaard, D. M.] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem Immunol & Genet, Sect Neonatal Screening & Hormones, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hertz, J. M.] Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Laurberg, P.] Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Fertil Clin, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Laurberg, P.] Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Aalborg, Denmark. [Wallentin, M.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Wallentin, M.] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Semiot, Aarhus, Denmark. [Ostergaard, J. R.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Ctr Rare Dis, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Pedersen, A. D.] Vejleford Rehabil Ctr, Stouby, Denmark. [Pedersen, A. D.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Psychol & Behav Sci, Aarhus, Denmark. [Gravholt, C. H.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Mol Med, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Skakkebk, A (reprint author), Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Internal Med MEA, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM asj@ki.au.dk FU Lundbeck Foundation; Augustinus Foundation; Aase and Einar Danielsen Foundation; University of Aarhus; Novo Nordisk Foundation FX This study was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation and Aase and Einar Danielsen Foundation. A. S. received a research fellowship from the University of Aarhus. C. H. G. was supported by a personal clinical research grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation. We would like to thank Eva Schriver, Merete Moller, Dorte Wulff, Susanne Sorensen, Lone Kvist Dora Zeidler, Michael Geneser and Kaja Skovgard Jensen for their technical assistance. 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Fazili, Zia Xu, Yingying Liddy, Stacey Yolton, Kimberly Savitz, David A. Lanphear, Bruce P. Braun, Joseph M. TI Serum cotinine and whole blood folate concentrations in pregnancy SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Folic acid; Pregnancy; Tobacco smoke pollution; Smoking ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; INFANT BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERICONCEPTIONAL FOLIC-ACID; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENT USE; UNITED-STATES; ELIMINATION KINETICS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; MATERNAL SMOKING AB Purpose: Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure may be associated with low maternal folate levels that increase the risk of adverse infant and child health outcomes by reducing folate availability during fetal development. Methods: Using data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, we examined the relationship between secondhand or active tobacco smoke exposure and whole blood folate concentrations in pregnant women from Cincinnati, Ohio (n = 362) at approximately 16-week gestation. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between continuous or categorical serum cotinine levels and whole blood folate levels, adjusting for sociodemographic, dietary, and perinatal variables. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, an interquartile range increases in serum cotinine concentration (0.012-0.224 ng/mL) was suggestively associated with decreased whole blood folate levels (beta, -23 nmol/L; 95% confidence interval (Cl), -49, 3; P value = .08). Compared with unexposed women, reductions in mean whole blood folate were observed among active smokers (beta, -94, 95% Cl, 195, 6 nmol/L; P value = .40); smaller reductions were observed among women with secondhand exposure (0, 26; Cl. 84, 32 nmol/L; P value = .07). Conclusions: Consistent with prior studies, active smoking was associated with reduced whole blood folate levels among these pregnant women. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposures were associated with small and imprecise reductions in whole blood folate levels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Prasodjo, Adila; Savitz, David A.; Braun, Joseph M.] Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Fazili, Zia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Nutr Biomarkers Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Xu, Yingying; Liddy, Stacey; Yolton, Kimberly] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 7 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.04.004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AJ7AW UT WOS:000337850400002 PM 24854185 ER PT J AU Burnell, L Verchere, C Pugash, D Loock, C Robertson, S Lehman, A AF Burnell, Lindsay Verchere, Cynthia Pugash, Denise Loock, Christine Robertson, Sandra Lehman, Anna TI Additional post-natal diagnoses following antenatal diagnosis of isolated cleft lip plus /- palate SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID HARD PALATE; ULTRASOUND; ANOMALIES; ABNORMALITIES; FETUSES AB Introduction Cleft lip with or without palate (CLP) can be diagnosed antenatally through ultrasound, and may be categorised as apparently isolated versus associated with other malformations. Limited data exist on the long-term outcomes following antenatal diagnosis of apparently isolated CLP. Aim This study examined the long-term post-natal outcomes of CLP when found in isolation antenatally, in order to determine the rates of unexpected additional anomalies, developmental delay or genetic syndromes. Patients and methods A retrospective chart review of antenatal and post-natal medical charts was completed for a ten-year period between January 2000 and December 2009. At least 2 years of available post-natal clinical information was required for inclusion in the study. Results A total of 97 cases of antenatally isolated CLP were ascertained. Fifteen pregnancies were terminated. Follow-up data were available for 81 liveborns, though 4 were lost to follow-up prior to 2 years of age. Twelve of the 77 children meeting study criteria were identified to have other major malformations and/or developmental disability either later in the pregnancy or post-natally. Findings included familial clefting syndromes, trisomy 21, autism spectrum disorders, brain malformations, fetal alcohol syndrome and Kabuki syndrome, among other findings. Another 11 children had additional anomalies of minor impact. Examples of findings include a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, mild unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, mild pulmonary artery stenosis with a small atrial septal defect, and transient delays in fine and gross motor skills. No children with clefting of the lip only had major additional diagnoses. Conclusions The frequency of an associated complex developmental disorder following an otherwise reassuring fetal ultrasound is around 15%. A few diagnoses could be suspected at the antenatal assessment based on family history or exposures. Our study is lacking comprehensive assessment on the yield of genomic microarray testing for this population. C1 [Burnell, Lindsay; Lehman, Anna] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada. [Burnell, Lindsay; Verchere, Cynthia; Loock, Christine; Robertson, Sandra; Lehman, Anna] British Columbia Childrens Hosp, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada. [Verchere, Cynthia; Robertson, Sandra] Univ British Columbia, Dept Surg, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada. [Pugash, Denise] Univ British Columbia, Dept Radiol, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada. [Pugash, Denise] British Columbia Womens Hosp, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Loock, Christine] Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada. RP Lehman, A (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, C234 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada. 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Therapy PD JUL PY 2014 VL 45 IS 4 BP 530 EP 540 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AJ7EQ UT WOS:000337860400007 PM 24912465 ER PT J AU Parma, V Bulgheroni, M Tirindelli, R Castiello, U AF Parma, Valentina Bulgheroni, Maria Tirindelli, Roberto Castiello, Umberto TI Facilitation of action planning in children with autism: The contribution of the maternal body odor SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Action planning; Autism; Automatic imitation; Maternal odor; Visuomotor priming ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; SPECTRUM-DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; MOTOR FACILITATION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-ADULTS; IMITATION; MOVEMENT AB Imitation is a key socio-cognitive skill impaired in individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). It is known that the familiarity with an actor facilitates the appearance of imitative abilities. Here, we explore whether a highly familiar and socially relevant stimulus presented in the olfactory modality is able to improve spontaneous imitation as early as at the level of action planning. A group of 20 children with ASC and 20 controls observed their own mother or the mother of another child performing a reach-to-grasp action towards an object, under the exposure to their maternal odor, the odor of the mother of another child or no odor. Subsequently, children acted upon the same object with no specific instruction to imitate. Child's movement initiation time (MIT) served as an indicator of motor planning facilitation induced by action observation. Results suggest that for children with ASC (but not controls) MIT was significantly lower when exposed to the maternal odor both when interacting with a familiar or an unfamiliar model. In the former case, the performance is comparable to controls. The familiar model in the absence of any olfactory cue is able to induce a facilitation effect, but the maximal facilitation on MIT is evident when maternal odor and familiar model are paired. We hypothesize that for children with ASC the maternal odor provides relevant social motivation for taking advantage of others' actions when planning movements in an imitative context. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Parma, Valentina; Castiello, Umberto] Univ Padua, Dept Gen Psychol, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bulgheroni, Maria] Ab Acus Srl, I-20155 Milan, Italy. [Tirindelli, Roberto] Univ Parma, Dept Neurosci, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Parma, V (reprint author), Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM valentina.parma@unipd.it FU UC from the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca, Italy FX This research was supported by a Grant to UC from the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca, Italy. The funding source did not have any involvement in the study design, in data collection, analysis and interpretation, in the writing and dissemination process. We are especially grateful to the children that participated in this research and their parents as well as the colleagues and the students who helped with data gathering. The authors report no conflict of interest. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 88 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.05.002 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AJ6CQ UT WOS:000337777700010 PM 24861501 ER PT J AU Kadak, MT Demirel, OF Yavuz, M Demir, T AF Kadak, Muhammed Tayyib Demirel, Omer Faruk Yavuz, Mesut Demir, Turkay TI Recognition of emotional facial expressions and broad autism phenotype in parents of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder SO COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID QUOTIENT AQ; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACES; INDIVIDUALS; RELATIVES; PERSONALITY; INFORMATION; SIBLINGS; FAMILIES AB Objective: Research findings debate about features of broad autism phenotype. In this study, we tested whether parents of children with autism have problems recognizing emotional facial expression and the contribution of such an impairment to the broad phenotype of autism. Method: Seventy-two parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder and 38 parents of control group participated in the study. Broad autism features was measured with Autism Quotient (AQ). Recognition of Emotional Face Expression Test was assessed with the Emotion Recognition Test, consisting a set of photographs from Ekman & Friesen's. Results: In a two-tailed analysis of variance of AQ, there was a significant difference for social skills (F(1, 106) = 6.095; p < .05). Analyses of variance revealed significant difference in the recognition of happy, surprised and neutral expressions (F(1, 106) = 4.068, p = .046; F(1, 106) = 4.068, p = .046; F(1, 106) = 6.064, p = .016). Conclusion: According to our findings, social impairment could be considered a characteristic feature of BAP. ASD parents had difficulty recognizing neutral expressions, suggesting that ASD parents may have impaired recognition of ambiguous expressions as do autistic children. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kadak, Muhammed Tayyib; Demir, Turkay] Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Med Sch, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-34100 Istanbul, Turkey. [Demirel, Omer Faruk] Siverek State Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Sanliurfa, Turkey. [Yavuz, Mesut] Kanuni State Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Kadak, MT (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Med Sch, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-34100 Istanbul, Turkey. 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Psychiat. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1146 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.03.004 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AJ7AV UT WOS:000337850300013 PM 24742718 ER PT J AU Slane, MM Lusk, LG Boomer, KB Hare, AE King, MK Evans, DW AF Slane, Mylissa M. Lusk, Laina G. Boomer, K. B. Hare, Abby E. King, Margaret K. Evans, David W. TI Social cognition, face processing, and oxytocin receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms in typically developing children SO DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Social cognition; Oxytocin; Autism spectrum disorder; Typically developing children; Event-related potential-N170 ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; GENE OXTR; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MIND; ASSOCIATION; ATTRIBUTION; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Recent research has provided evidence of a link between behavioral measures of social cognition (SC) and neural and genetic correlates. Differences in face processing and variations in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene have been associated with SC deficits and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits. Much work has examined the qualitative differences between those with ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals, but very little has been done to quantify the natural variation in ASD-like traits in the typical population. The present study examines this variation in TD children using a multidimensional perspective involving behavior assessment, neural electroencephalogram (EEG) testing, and OXTR genotyping. Children completed a series of neurocognitive assessments, provided saliva samples for sequencing, and completed a face processing task while connected to an EEG. No clear pattern emerged for EEG covariates or genotypes for individual OXTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, SNPs rs2254298 and rs53576 consistently interacted such that the AG/GG allele combination of these SNPs was associated with poorer performance on neurocognitive measures. These results suggest that neither SNP in isolation is risk-conferring, but rather that the combination of rs2254298(A/G) and rs53576(G/G) confers a deleterious effect on SC across several neurocognitive measures. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Slane, Mylissa M.; Lusk, Laina G.; Evans, David W.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Psychol, Program Neurosci, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Boomer, K. B.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Math, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Hare, Abby E.; King, Margaret K.] Geisinger Bucknell Autism & Dev Med Ctr, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Evans, DW (reprint author), Geisinger Bucknell Autism & Dev Med Ctr, 120 Hamm Dr,Suite 2, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM dwevans@bucknell.edu FU Bucknell University Graduate Summer Research Stipend FX This work was supported by a Bucknell University Graduate Summer Research Stipend. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1862 EP 1877 DI 10.1037/a0036654 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ8HC UT WOS:000337942900003 PM 24798505 ER PT J AU Chen, YW Bundy, A Cordier, R Einfeld, S AF Chen, Yu-Wei Bundy, Anita Cordier, Reinie Einfeld, Stewart TI Feasibility and usability of experience sampling methodology for capturing everyday experiences of individuals with autism spectrum disorders SO DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; Ecological momentary assessment; Client-centered practice; Social experience ID ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGER SYNDROME; DAILY-LIFE; TIME-USE; ADOLESCENTS; VALIDITY; ADULTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INTERVENTIONS AB Background: Understanding experiences from the perspective of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in the myriad of circumstances in which they find themselves every day, is crucial for developing client-centered interventions. However, capturing these experiences can be difficult. Objective: To investigate the feasibility and usability of experience sampling method (ESM), an ecological momentary assessment, for studying individuals with ASD. Methods: Four participants (2 males) with Asperger's syndrome or high functioning autism aged 16-32 years carried an iPod touch or iPhone with a pre-installed ESM survey exploring the situation and their perceived internal experiences. Participants were asked to respond to the survey 7 times daily, at random times generated by the device, for 7 days. Results: A high signal response rate (mean = 71%) and a short average time required for survey completion (mean = 1 min 42 s) supported feasibility of the ESM for use in research with individuals with ASD. Participants reported that the questions were straightforward and that survey completion interfered very little with everyday activities, supporting acceptability of the method. Results of a split-week analysis revealed consistency of experiences; correlations among experiences that are linked logically provided evidence of the internal logic of data gathered using the ESM. Through graphic analysis, we illustrated the usability of ESM for capturing the influence of everyday contexts on internal experiences/perceptions. Conclusions: The ESM holds promise for examining the impact of social context on the everyday experiences of individuals with ASD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Yu-Wei; Bundy, Anita; Einfeld, Stewart] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. [Cordier, Reinie] Curtin Univ, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Einfeld, Stewart] Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Chen, YW (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. EM yu-wei.chen@sydney.edu.au FU Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney FX The study was completed by the first author as part of the requirements for the completion of PhD under supervision of the other authors. The authors would like to acknowledge the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney for the Mary Frances Stephens Scholarship and Postgraduate Research Support Scheme. The authors also wish to express their gratitude to the people who participated in the research, Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect) and other autism related associations in Australia for assistance in research advertisement and recruitment. 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Several of such studies suggested that general intelligence and domain specific skills, both of which fall on the nature side of the spectrum, play a significant role in the development of musical abilities. In this paper, the author demonstrates that those studies which attempted to argue for a purely nurture-driven account of such musical talent, moreover, merely showed that practice has some role to play in the development of talent; they failed to rule out the possibility that factors such as general intelligence and domain specific skills also contribute to the development of exceptional performance abilities. If the evidence generated by studies of exceptional musicians provides a strong basis for believing that nature is the primary driver of exceptional talent, that evidence receives a powerful boost from recent studies of child prodigies. Child prodigies provide a particularly fascinating view on the nature versus nurture debate because of the extremely young age at which the prodigies demonstrate their remarkable abilities, thus, limiting the extent to which their abilities can be solely the result of extreme dedication to practice. Despite this fact, some have still argued that child prodigies' abilities are nurture-driven. Recent research, however, demonstrates that child prodigies' skills are highly dependent on a few features of their cognitive profiles, including elevated general IQs, exceptional working memories, and elevated attention to detail. Other innate characteristics of the child prodigies predict the domain in which the prodigies will excel. Music prodigies, for example, tend to score better with respect to their general IQs, visual spatial abilities, and working memories, than art prodigies. 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Method: Ninety-five individuals, 41 with schizophrenia and 54 with Asperger syndrome, were included. Self-rating of adult ADHD symptoms with the Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Diagnostic Rating Scale (WRAADDS), parent rating of proband's ADHD childhood and adult life symptoms using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP), and report of clinical ADHD diagnosis were included as ADHD measures. Nicotine use data were compared with data from a population sample. Results: In all, 10% of the schizophrenia group and 30% of the Asperger syndrome group had a clinical ADHD diagnosis. Nicotine dependency in the whole sample was closely linked to ADHD. Conclusion: The prevalence of comorbid ADHD was high in schizophrenia and Asperger syndrome. The WRAADDS self-rating scale for ADHD can be one useful tool for assessing comorbid ADHD in these patient groups. C1 [Hallerback, Maria Unenge; Lugnegard, Tove; Gillberg, Christopher] Cent Hosp Karlstad, S-65185 Karlstad, Sweden. [Hallerback, Maria Unenge; Lugnegard, Tove] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Hallerback, MU (reprint author), Cent Hosp Karlstad, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, S-65185 Karlstad, Sweden. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1177/1087054712439099 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AJ5GD UT WOS:000337709800004 PM 22498753 ER PT J AU Adamo, N Di Martino, A Esu, L Petkova, E Johnson, K Kelly, S Castellanos, FX Zuddas, A AF Adamo, Nicoletta Di Martino, Adriana Esu, Lidia Petkova, Eva Johnson, Katherine Kelly, Simon Castellanos, Francisco Xavier Zuddas, Alessandro TI Increased Response-Time Variability Across Different Cognitive Tasks in Children With ADHD SO JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ADHD; childhood psychiatric symptoms; cognitive control; neurobiology ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; INTRA-SUBJECT VARIABILITY; INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; ITALIAN CHILDREN; FLUCTUATIONS; PERFORMANCE; SUBTYPES; AUTISM AB Objective: Increased response-time (RT) fluctuations below 0.2 Hz have been reported as characteristic of ADHD in some but not all studies, possibly due to methodological differences. Accordingly, We contrasted two tasks and two analytical approaches in the same sample of children with ADHD. Method: Fifty-two children with ADHD and 49 typically developing children completed an Eriksen Flanker Task and a fixed-sequence version of the sustained attention to response task. RT fluctuations with two different frequency analyses were examined. Results: Robust ADHD-related increases of slow RT fluctuations within all frequencies were found in both tasks. Tasks were significantly correlated in both groups for frequencies above 0.07 Hz. RT fluctuations across all frequencies were greatest in children with ADHD with abnormally elevated omissions. Conclusion: We observed significantly increased fluctuations of RT in children with ADHD across two different tasks and methods supporting the hypothesis that slow frequency RT fluctuations reflect neurophysiological processes underlying ADHD. C1 [Adamo, Nicoletta; Di Martino, Adriana; Castellanos, Francisco Xavier] NYU, Ctr Child Study, Inst Pediat Neurosci, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Esu, Lidia] Univ Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. [Zuddas, Alessandro] Univ Cagliari, Dept Neurosci, Cagliari, Italy. [Petkova, Eva] NYU, Ctr Child Study, Div Biostat, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Johnson, Katherine] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Kelly, Simon] CUNY City Coll, Dept Biomed Engn, New York, NY USA. [Petkova, Eva; Castellanos, Francisco Xavier] Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Orangeburg, NY USA. RP Di Martino, A (reprint author), NYU, Ctr Child Study, Inst Pediat Neurosci, 215 Lexington Ave,14th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM Adriana.Dimartino@nyumc.org RI Di Martino, Adriana/L-2497-2014 FU Leon Levy Foundation; NIMH [K23MH087770] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported in part by The Leon Levy Foundation and NIMH (K23MH087770) awarded to Adriana Di Martino. CR Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bellgrove MA, 2005, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V43, P1847, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.20.05.03.01 Buckner RL, 2008, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1124, P1, DOI 10.1196/annals.1440.011 Castellanos FX, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V57, P1416, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.005 Castellanos FX, 2006, TRENDS COGN SCI, V10, P117, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.011 Castellanos FX, 2008, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V63, P332, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.025 Conners C. 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Atten. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 434 EP 446 DI 10.1177/1087054712439419 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AJ5GD UT WOS:000337709800005 PM 22508759 ER PT J AU Schaaf, RC Benevides, T Mailloux, Z Faller, P Hunt, J van Hooydonk, E Freeman, R Leiby, B Sendecki, J Kelly, D AF Schaaf, Roseann C. Benevides, Teal Mailloux, Zoe Faller, Patricia Hunt, Joanne van Hooydonk, Elke Freeman, Regina Leiby, Benjamin Sendecki, Jocelyn Kelly, Donna TI An Intervention for Sensory Difficulties in Children with Autism: A Randomized Trial SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Intervention; Sensory functions ID OCCUPATIONAL-THERAPY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MODULATION DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTEGRATION; FIDELITY; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; RESPONSIVENESS; ASSOCIATION AB This study evaluated a manualized intervention for sensory difficulties for children with autism, ages 4-8 years, using a randomized trial design. Diagnosis of autism was confirmed using gold standard measures. Results show that the children in the treatment group (n = 17) who received 30 sessions of the occupational therapy intervention scored significantly higher (p = 0.003, d = 1.2) on Goal Attainment Scales (primary outcome), and also scored significantly better on measures of caregiver assistance in self-care (p = 0.008 d = 0.9) and socialization (p = 0.04, d = 0.7) than the Usual Care control group (n = 15). The study shows high rigor in its measurement of treatment fidelity and use of a manualized protocol, and provides support for the use of this intervention for children with autism. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for practice and future research. C1 [Schaaf, Roseann C.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Fac Farber Inst Neurosci, Dept Occupat Therapy, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Benevides, Teal] Jefferson Sch Hlth Profess, Dept Occupat Therapy, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Mailloux, Zoe] Pediat Therapy Network, Torrance, CA USA. 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TI Ethnicity Reporting Practices for Empirical Research in Three Autism-Related Journals SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Ethnicity; Race; Demographics; Autism spectrum disorder; Reporting practices ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE LEARNERS; MOTHERS; HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; DIAGNOSIS; SERVICES; STRESS AB This review examines ethnicity reporting in three autism-related journals (Autism, Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, and Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders) over a 6-year period. A comprehensive multistep search of articles is used to identify ethnicity as a demographic variable in these three journals. Articles that identified research participants' ethnicity were further analyzed to determine the impact of ethnicity as a demographic variable on findings of each study. The results indicate that ethnicity has not been adequately reported in these three autism related journals even though previous recommendations have been made to improve inadequacies of descriptive information of research participants in autism research (Kistner and Robbins in J Autism Dev Disord 16:77-82, 1986). Implications for the field of autism spectrum disorders are discussed in addition to further recommendations for future research. C1 [Pierce, Nigel P.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Pierce, Nigel P.; O'Reilly, Mark F.; Sorrells, Audrey M.; Fragale, Christina L.; White, Pamela J.; Aguilar, Jeannie M.; Cole, Heather A.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pierce, Nigel P.] Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Carrboro, NC 27510 USA. RP Pierce, NP (reprint author), Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, 517 S Greensboro St, Carrboro, NC 27510 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1507 EP 1519 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2041-x PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800002 PM 24488183 ER PT J AU Schroeder, JH Cappadocia, MC Bebko, JM Pepler, DJ Weiss, JA AF Schroeder, Jessica H. Cappadocia, M. Catherine Bebko, James M. Pepler, Debra J. Weiss, Jonathan A. TI Shedding Light on a Pervasive Problem: A Review of Research on Bullying Experiences Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism; Bullying; Victimization; Review; Social skills ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; LEARNING-DIFFICULTIES; PEER VICTIMIZATION; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SCHOOL STUDENTS; US YOUTH; VICTIMS; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; HEALTH AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by difficulties with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and the development and maintenance of interpersonal relationships. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1520 EP 1534 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2011-8 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800003 PM 24464616 ER PT J AU Butterworth, TW Hodge, MAR Sofronoff, K Beaumont, R Gray, KM Roberts, J Horstead, SK Clarke, KS Howlin, P Taffe, JR Einfeld, SL AF Butterworth, Thomas W. Hodge, M. Antoinette Redoblado Sofronoff, Kate Beaumont, Renae Gray, Kylie M. Roberts, Jacqueline Horstead, Sian K. Clarke, Kristina S. Howlin, Patricia Taffe, John R. Einfeld, Stewart L. TI Validation of the Emotion Regulation and Social Skills Questionnaire for Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ERSSQ; Social skills; Autism Spectrum Disorders; ASD; Validation ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; RESPONSIVENESS SCALE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB The current study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation and Social Skills Questionnaire (ERSSQ), a rating scale designed specifically to assess the social skills of young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The participants were 84 children and young adolescents with ASD, aged between 7.97 and 14.16 years with a mean IQ score of 90.21 (SD = 18.82). The results provide evidence for the concurrent and criterion validity of the ERSSQ Parent form, and the concurrent validity of the ERSSQ Teacher form. The clinical and theoretical implications are discussed, including the necessity of ratings across multiple contexts and the potential use of the ERSSQ in identifying individuals most in need of intervention and for planning and assessing the outcomes of social skills interventions. C1 [Butterworth, Thomas W.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hodge, M. Antoinette Redoblado] Childrens Hosp Westmead, Child Dev Unit, Westmead, NSW, Australia. [Sofronoff, Kate; Beaumont, Renae] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Gray, Kylie M.; Taffe, John R.] Monash Univ, Southern Clin Sch, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Roberts, Jacqueline] Griffith Univ, Sch Educ & Profess Studies, Autism Ctr Excellence, Mt Gravatt, Qld 4122, Australia. [Horstead, Sian K.; Clarke, Kristina S.; Howlin, Patricia; Einfeld, Stewart L.] Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. 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H., 1995, SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINI Tantam D, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P143, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00053-6 Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED White SW, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1858, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0320-x NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 EI 1573-3432 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1535 EP 1545 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2014-5 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800004 PM 24337829 ER PT J AU Lyall, K Ashwood, P Van de Water, J Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Lyall, Kristen Ashwood, Paul Van de Water, Judy Hertz-Picciotto, Irva TI Maternal Immune-Mediated Conditions, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Developmental Delay SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autoimmune disease; Asthma; Allergy; Autism; Developmental delay; Maternal risk factors ID AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; CHILDREN; AUTOANTIBODIES; ANTIBODIES; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIOR; FAMILY; RISK AB The maternal immune system may play a role in offspring neurodevelopment. We examined whether maternal autoimmune disease, asthma, and allergy were associated with child autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delay without autism (DD) using 560 ASD cases, 391 typically developing controls, and 168 DD cases from the CHildhood Autism Risk from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) study. Results from conditional logistic regression demonstrated few significant associations overall. Maternal autoimmune disease was significantly associated with a modest increase in odds of developmental disorders (combined ASD + DD; OR = 1.46, 95 % CI 1.01, 2.09) but not of ASD alone. Associations with certain allergens and onset periods were also suggested. These findings suggest maternal autoimmune disease may modestly influence childhood developmental disorders (ASD + DD). C1 [Lyall, Kristen; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1546 EP 1555 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2017-2 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800005 PM 24337796 ER PT J AU Ronconi, L Facoetti, A Bulf, H Franchin, L Bettoni, R Valenza, E AF Ronconi, Luca Facoetti, Andrea Bulf, Hermann Franchin, Laura Bettoni, Roberta Valenza, Eloisa TI Paternal Autistic Traits are Predictive of Infants Visual Attention SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Broader autism phenotype; Spatial attention; Temporal attention; Frontoparietal network; Right temporoparietal junction; Social brain development ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN BRAIN; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; NETWORKS; MECHANISMS; PHENOTYPE; QUOTIENT AB Since subthreshold autistic social impairments aggregate in family members, and since attentional dysfunctions appear to be one of the earliest cognitive markers of children with autism, we investigated in the general population the relationship between infants' attentional functioning and the autistic traits measured in their parents. Orienting and alerting attention systems were measured in 8-month-old infants using a spatial cueing paradigm. Results showed that only paternal autistic traits were linked to their children's: (1) attentional disengagement; (2) rapid attentional orienting and (3) alerting. Our findings suggest that an early dysfunction of orienting and alerting systems might alter the developmental trajectory of future ability in social cognition and communication. C1 [Ronconi, Luca; Facoetti, Andrea; Bettoni, Roberta] Univ Padua, Dept Gen Psychol, Dev & Cognit Neurosci Lab, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Facoetti, Andrea] Sci Inst E Medea, Dev Neuropsychol Unit, Bosisio Parini, Italy. [Bulf, Hermann] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Psychol, Milan, Italy. [Franchin, Laura; Valenza, Eloisa] Univ Padua, Dept Dev & Socializat Psychol, Infant Cognit Lab, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Valenza, Eloisa] Univ Padua, Interdept Ctr Cognit Sci CISC, I-35131 Padua, Italy. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1556 EP 1564 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2018-1 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800006 PM 24356849 ER PT J AU Sun, X Allison, C Auyeung, B Matthews, FE Norton, S Baron-Cohen, S Brayne, C AF Sun, Xiang Allison, Carrie Auyeung, Bonnie Matthews, Fiona E. Norton, Samuel Baron-Cohen, Simon Brayne, Carol TI Psychometric Properties of the Mandarin Version of the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): An Exploratory Study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum conditions; Categorical data factor analysis; Item response theory; CAST; China ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; ADULT ASPERGER ASSESSMENT; ITEM RESPONSE THEORY; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; GENERAL-POPULATION; RATING-SCALE; TRAITS; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; VALIDITY AB Limited studies have investigated the latent autistic traits in the mainland Chinese population for autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This study explored the psychometric properties of a Mandarin Chinese version of the CAST in a sample consisting of 737 children in mainstream schools and 50 autistic cases. A combination of categorical data factor analysis and item response theory suggested a good-fit model of a two-factor solution for 28 items on the Mandarin CAST including social and communication, and inflexible/stereotyped language and behaviours (Goodness-of-fit indices: RMSEA = 0.029, CFI = 0.957, TLI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.064). The correlation between the two factors was moderate (GFC = 0.425). This study provided evidence for the CAST as a multidimensional measure for ASC screening in a Chinese population and also showed that the symptom manifestation of ASC in Chinese children shares similarity with western populations. C1 [Sun, Xiang; Brayne, Carol] Univ Cambridge, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. [Sun, Xiang; Allison, Carrie; Auyeung, Bonnie; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. [Sun, Xiang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Jockey Club Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Prince Wales Hosp, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Auyeung, Bonnie] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Matthews, Fiona E.] Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Biostat Unit, MRC, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. [Norton, Samuel] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London SE1 9RT, England. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Forvie Site,Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. 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Cheung, Ying Kuen Brown, Alice Li, Huacheng TI A Meta-Analysis of Differences in IQ Profiles Between Individuals with Asperger's Disorder and High-Functioning Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Asperger's disorder; High-functioning autism; IQ; Cognitive profile; DSM; Meta-analysis; Autistic disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COGNITIVE PROFILES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL ATTRIBUTION; WAIS-III; CHILDREN; ADULTS; MOTOR; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENTS AB A meta-analysis was performed to examine differences in IQ profiles between individuals with Asperger's disorder (AspD) and high-functioning autism (HFA). Fifty-two studies were included for this study. The results showed that (a) individuals with AspD had significantly higher full-scale IQ, verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) than did individuals with HFA; (b) individuals with AspD had significantly higher VIQ than PIQ; and (c) VIQ was similar to PIQ in individuals with HFA. These findings seem to suggest that AspD and HFA are two different subtypes of Autism. The implications of the present findings to DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder are discussed. C1 [Chiang, Hsu-Min; Brown, Alice] Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chiang, Hsu-Min] Columbia Univ, Intellectual Disabil Autism Program, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Tsai, Luke Y.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Cheung, Ying Kuen] Columbia Univ, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Li, Huacheng] Columbia Univ, Dept Human Dev, Teachers Coll, Measurement Evaluat & Stat Program, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Chiang, HM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Intellectual Disabil Autism Program, Teachers Coll, 525 West 120th St,Box 223, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1577 EP 1596 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2025-2 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800008 PM 24362849 ER PT J AU Jimenez, L Lorda, MJ Mendez, C AF Jimenez, Luis Jose Lorda, Maria Mendez, Castor TI Emulation and Mimicry in School Students with Typical Development and with High Functioning Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Imitation; Mimicry; Emulation; Automatic imitation; Overimitation ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; IMITATION; CHILDREN; COMPATIBILITY; HYPOTHESIS; RESPONSES; QUOTIENT; VERSION; MOTOR; TASK AB Two samples of participants with typical development (TD) and high functioning autism performed an imitation task where the goal was of high or low salience, and where the modeled action complied with or was contrary to the end-state comfort (ESC) effect. 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EM luis.jimenez@usc.es; marialordasanchez@gmail.com; castor.mendez@usc.es RI Jimenez, Luis/C-6050-2011 OI Jimenez, Luis/0000-0002-0763-4220 CR Auyeung B, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1230, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0504-z Baron-Cohen S, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P343, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0073-6 Behrmann M, 2006, TRENDS COGN SCI, V10, P258, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001 Cattaneo L, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P17825, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0706273104 Cook JL, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1045, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1341-7 Dunn L. M., 1997, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL, V2nd Giganti F., 2009, CURRENT PSYCHOL LETT, V25 Hamilton A. F., 2007, ATTENTION PERFORMANC, V22 Hamilton AFD, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P1859, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.11.022 Hamilton AFDC, 2008, Q J EXP PSYCHOL, V61, P101, DOI 10.1080/17470210701508798 Helt MS, 2010, CHILD DEV, V81, P1620, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01495.x Heyes C, 2011, PSYCHOL BULL, V137, P463, DOI 10.1037/a0022288 Hobson J. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1597 EP 1608 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2027-0 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800009 PM 24362850 ER PT J AU Rivard, M Terroux, A Parent-Boursier, C Mercier, C AF Rivard, Melina Terroux, Amelie Parent-Boursier, Claudel Mercier, Celine TI Determinants of Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Preschoolers; Parental stress; Early intervention ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; INTELLECTUAL-DISABILITY; FAMILY STRESS; MENTAL-HEALTH; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; MATERNAL STRESS; FATHERS AB Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder are known to experience more stress than parents of children with any other conditions. The current study describes the parental stress of 118 fathers and 118 mothers at the onset of their children's Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention program. The objectives of the study were to compare and analyze each parent's stress and to identify factors that might predict their stress. Results indicated that fathers reported higher levels of stress than mothers. Correlations indicated that the stress levels of both parents were associated with their child's age, intellectual quotient, severity of autistic symptoms, and adaptive behaviors. Paternal stress, but not maternal stress, was predicted by severity of autistic symptoms and child's gender. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for services and early interventions. C1 [Rivard, Melina; Parent-Boursier, Claudel] Univ Quebec, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Terroux, Amelie] Ctr Readaptat Deficience Intellectuelle & Trouble, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. 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Rosen, Nila Anderson, Meredith C. Grether, Judith K. Coolman, Richard B. Harris, Stephen TI Autism and Developmental Screening in a Public, Primary Care Setting Primarily Serving Hispanics: Challenges and Results SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Developmental screening; M-CHAT; ASQ; Hispanics; Children's health ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TODDLERS; QUESTIONNAIRES; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; RISK AB We implemented screening of children 16-30 months of age (n = 1,760) from a typically under-served, primarily Hispanic, population, at routine pediatric appointments using the modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) and Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Screen positive rates of 26 and 39 %, respectively, were higher than previous reports. Hispanics were more likely to score M-CHAT positive than non-Hispanics (adjusted OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.2-2.4), as were those screened in Spanish. About 30 % of screen-positive children were referred for further assessment, but only half were seen. Thus screening in this population is feasible, but may require additional resources. Attention to the cultural applicability of screening instruments, as well as to explaining the results or need for additional services to parents, is critical to serve the growing Hispanic population. C1 [Windham, Gayle C.; Grether, Judith K.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Smith, Karen S.; Rosen, Nila; Anderson, Meredith C.] Impact Assessment Inc, La Jolla, CA USA. [Coolman, Richard B.; Harris, Stephen] Santa Clara Cty Hlth & Hosp Syst, San Jose, CA USA. [Rosen, Nila] Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Windham, GC (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. 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Although great efforts have been made to clarify the underlying neuroanatomical abnormalities and brain-behavior relationships in adolescents and adults with ASD, literature is still limited in information about the neurobiology of ASD in the early age of life. Brain images of 50 toddlers with ASD and 28 age, gender, and developmental quotient matched toddlers with developmental delay (DD) (control group) between ages 2 and 3 years were captured using combined magnetic resonance-based structural imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Structural magnetic resonance imaging was applied to assess overall gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and regional alterations were assessed by voxel-based morphometry. DTI was used to investigate the white matter tract integrity. Compared with DD, significant increases were observed in ASD, primarily in global GM and WM volumes and in right superior temporal gyrus regional GM and WM volumes. Higher fractional anisotropy value was also observed in the corpus callosum, posterior cingulate cortex, and limbic lobes of ASD. The converging findings of structural and white matter abnormalities in ASD suggest that alterations in neural-anatomy of different brain regions may be involved in behavioral and cognitive deficits associated with ASD, especially in an early age of 2-3 years old toddlers. C1 [Xiao, Zhou; Qiu, Ting; Ke, Xiaoyan; Xiao, Xiang; Xiao, Ting; Liang, Fengjing; Zou, Bing; Fang, Hui; Chu, Kangkang; Zhang, Jiuping] Nanjing Med Univ, Nanjing Brain Hosp, Child Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Haiqing; Liu, Yijun] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Ke, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Med Univ, Nanjing Brain Hosp, Child Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Nanjing GuangZhou Rd 264, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. 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Participants identified the emotion of a facial expression displayed at varied levels of intensity by a computer generated avatar. The system assessed performance (i.e., accuracy, confidence ratings, response latency, and stimulus discrimination) as well as how participants used their gaze to process facial information using an eye tracker. Participants in both groups were similarly accurate at basic facial affect recognition at varied levels of intensity. Despite similar performance characteristics, ASD participants endorsed lower confidence in their responses and substantial variation in gaze patterns in absence of perceptual discrimination deficits. These results add support to the hypothesis that deficits in emotion and face recognition for individuals with ASD are related to fundamental differences in information processing. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1651 EP 1658 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2038-5 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800014 PM 24442835 ER PT J AU Nijmeijer, JS Arias-Vasquez, A Rommelse, NNJ Altink, ME Buschgens, CJM Fliers, EA Franke, B Minderaa, RB Sergeant, JA Buitelaar, JK Hoekstra, PJ Hartman, CA AF Nijmeijer, Judith S. Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro Rommelse, Nanda N. J. Altink, Marieke E. Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M. Fliers, Ellen A. Franke, Barbara Minderaa, Ruud B. Sergeant, Joseph A. Buitelaar, Jan K. Hoekstra, Pieter J. Hartman, Catharina A. TI Quantitative Linkage for Autism Spectrum Disorders Symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Significant Locus on Chromosome 7q11 SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; ADHD; Comorbidity; Genetics ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; WILLIAMS-BEUREN-SYNDROME; GENERAL-POPULATION; GENETIC INFLUENCES; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; TWIN SAMPLE; SIB PAIRS; GENOME; TRAITS; SCAN AB We studied 261 ADHD probands and 354 of their siblings to assess quantitative trait loci associated with autism spectrum disorder symptoms (as measured by the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ)) using a genome-wide linkage approach, followed by locus-wide association analysis. A genome-wide significant locus for the CSBQ subscale addressing social interaction was found on chromosome 7q11, with suggestive signals supporting this locus on three other CSBQ subscales. We identified two other suggestive loci for the CSBQ total scale and individual subscales on chromosomes 4q35 and 7p12. Fine-mapping the significantly linked locus resulted in interesting candidate genes, although their association was not significant after permutation testing. C1 [Minderaa, Ruud B.; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Hartman, Catharina A.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, NL-9700 AR Groningen, Netherlands. [Nijmeijer, Judith S.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-9700 AR Groningen, Netherlands. [Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Altink, Marieke E.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Franke, Barbara] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Psychiat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Franke, Barbara; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Cognit Neurosci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Altink, Marieke E.; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Fliers, Ellen A.] Parnassia BAVO Grp, Youth Dept, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Sergeant, Joseph A.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Neuropsychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Nijmeijer, JS (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Hanzepl 1,POB 660, NL-9700 AR Groningen, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1671 EP 1680 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2039-4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800016 PM 24526336 ER PT J AU Suh, J Eigsti, IM Naigles, L Barton, M Kelley, E Fein, D AF Suh, Joyce Eigsti, Inge-Marie Naigles, Letitia Barton, Marianne Kelley, Elizabeth Fein, Deborah TI Narrative Performance of Optimal Outcome Children and Adolescents with a History of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Outcome; Optimal; Narrative; Language; Pragmatics; Dysfluency ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENTS; ADULTS; DISCOURSE; ABILITY; AGE AB Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have traditionally been considered a lifelong condition; however, a subset of people makes such significant improvements that they no longer meet diagnostic criteria for an ASD. The current study examines whether these "optimal outcome" (OO) children and adolescents continue to have subtle pragmatic language deficits. The narratives of 15 OO individuals, 15 high-functioning individuals with an ASD (HFA), and 15 typically developing (TD) peers were evaluated. Despite average cognitive functioning, the ASD group produced narratives with fewer central "gist" descriptions, more ambiguous pronominal referents, idiosyncratic language, speech dysfluency (more repetitions and self-corrections), and were less likely to name story characters. The OO participants displayed only very subtle pragmatic and higher-level language deficits (idiosyncratic language and self-correction dysfluency). C1 [Suh, Joyce; Eigsti, Inge-Marie; Naigles, Letitia; Barton, Marianne; Fein, Deborah] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kelley, Elizabeth] Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Fein, Deborah] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pediat, Farmington, CT USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1681 EP 1694 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2042-9 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800017 PM 24500659 ER PT J AU Moss, AHB Gordon, JE O'Connell, A AF Moss, Alicia H. B. Gordon, Jocelynne E. O'Connell, Annie TI Impact of Sleepwise: An Intervention for Youth with Developmental Disabilities and Sleep Disturbance SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Children; Adolescents; Sleep problem; Treatment; Developmental disabilities; Parent ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INDEX-SHORT FORM; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CONDUCT PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AB The prevalence of sleep disturbance among children with developmental disabilities is known to be considerably higher than the typical population. The current study examined the effectiveness of the Sleepwise intervention program (O'Connell and Vannan in Aust Occup Ther J 55:212-214, 2008): a parent-assisted group-based treatment for sleep disturbance which was recently adapted for older children and adolescents with DD. Twenty-six families with children aged 8-17 years participated. The study compared a treatment and a wait-list control group at baseline, post-treatment and 2 months post-treatment on measures of child and parent functioning. Results demonstrated that the Sleepwise approach was effective in reducing sleep disturbance and parent stress. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. C1 [Moss, Alicia H. B.; Gordon, Jocelynne E.] Monash Univ, Fac Educ, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [O'Connell, Annie] Govt South Australia, Dept Commun & Social Inclus, Disabil Serv, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Gordon, JE (reprint author), Monash Univ, Fac Educ, Bldg 6, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1695 EP 1707 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2040-y PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800018 PM 24442795 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, KE Hill, AP Guion, K Voltolina, L Fombonne, E AF Zuckerman, Katharine E. Hill, Alison P. Guion, Kimberly Voltolina, Lisa Fombonne, Eric TI Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence and Correlates in a Large Clinical Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Obesity; Overweight; Children ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; SLEEP PROBLEMS; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; DEPRESSION; WEIGHT AB Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and childhood obesity (OBY) are rising public health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight (OWT) and OBY in a sample of 376 Oregon children with ASD, and to assess correlates of OWT and OBY in this sample. We used descriptive statistics, bivariate, and focused multivariate analyses to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics, ASD symptoms, ASD cognitive and adaptive functioning, behavioral problems, and treatments for ASD were associated with OWT and OBY in ASD. Overall 18.1 % of children met criteria for OWT and 17.0 % met criteria for OBY. OBY was associated with sleep difficulties, melatonin use, and affective problems. Interventions that consider unique needs of children with ASD may hold promise for improving weight status among children with ASD. C1 [Zuckerman, Katharine E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Gen Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Zuckerman, Katharine E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child & Adolescent Hlth Measurement Initiat, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1708 EP 1719 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2050-9 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800019 PM 24488158 ER PT J AU Siller, M Swanson, M Gerber, A Hutman, T Sigman, M AF Siller, Michael Swanson, Meghan Gerber, Alan Hutman, Ted Sigman, Marian TI A Parent-Mediated Intervention That Targets Responsive Parental Behaviors Increases Attachment Behaviors in Children with ASD: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Randomized clinical trial; Parent child communication; Attachment; Intervention ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; AT-RISK MOTHERS; JOINT ATTENTION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; IRRITABLE INFANTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; MISSING DATA; COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE AB The current study is a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of Focused Playtime Intervention (FPI) in a sample of 70 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This parent-mediated intervention has previously been shown to significantly increase responsive parental communication (Siller et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 43:540-555, 2013a). The current analyses focus on children's attachment related outcomes. Results revealed that children who were randomly assigned to FPI showed bigger increases in attachment-related behaviors, compared to children assigned to the control condition. Significant treatment effects of FPI were found for both an observational measure of attachment-related behaviors elicited during a brief separation-reunion episode and a questionnaire measure evaluating parental perceptions of child attachment. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Siller, Michael; Hutman, Ted; Sigman, Marian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Siller, Michael; Swanson, Meghan; Gerber, Alan] CUNY, Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10065 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1720 EP 1732 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2049-2 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800020 PM 24488157 ER PT J AU Bauminger-Zviely, N Agam-Ben-Artzi, G AF Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit Agam-Ben-Artzi, Galit TI Young Friendship in HFASD and Typical Development: Friend Versus Non-friend Comparisons SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Preschool; Friendship; Dyads; Peer relations; Peer interaction ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PEER INTERACTION; SCHOOL; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; BOYS; LONELINESS; ADJUSTMENT AB This study conducted comparative assessment of friendship in preschoolers with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD, n = 29) versus preschoolers with typical development (n = 30), focusing on interactions with friends versus acquaintances. Groups were matched on SES, verbal/nonverbal MA, IQ, and CA. Multidimensional assessments included: mothers' and teachers' reports about friends' and friendship characteristics and observed individual and dyadic behaviors throughout interactions with friends versus non-friends during construction, drawing, and free-play situations. Findings revealed group differences in peer interaction favoring the typical development group, thus supporting the neuropsychological profile of HFASD. However, both groups' interactions with friends surpassed interactions with acquaintances on several key socio-communicative and intersubjective capabilities, thus suggesting that friendship may contribute to enhancement and practice of social interaction in HFASD. C1 [Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit; Agam-Ben-Artzi, Galit] Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Bauminger-Zviely, N (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1733 EP 1748 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2052-7 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800021 PM 24488120 ER PT J AU Deschamps, PKH Been, M Matthys, W AF Deschamps, Peter K. H. Been, Marieke Matthys, Walter TI Empathy and Empathy Induced Prosocial Behavior in 6-and 7-Year-Olds with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Children; Cognitive empathy; Affective empathy; Empathy induced prosocial behavior ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EMOTION RECOGNITION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMPLEX EMOTION; FUTURE-RESEARCH; FILMS TASK; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS; MIND AB The present study aimed to assess empathy and prosocial behavior in 6-7 year old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Results showed, first, lower levels of parent- and teacher-rated cognitive empathy, and similar levels of affective empathy in children with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) children. Second, emotion recognition for basic emotions, one aspect of cognitive empathy, in a story task was adequate in ASD children, but ASD children with severe impairments in social responsiveness had difficulties in recognizing fear. Third, prosocial behavior in response to signals of distress of a peer in a computer task was similar in ASD as in TD children. In conclusion, early elementary school children with ASD show specific impairments in cognitive empathy. C1 [Deschamps, Peter K. H.; Been, Marieke; Matthys, Walter] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus, Dept Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Matthys, Walter] Univ Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Studies, Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1749 EP 1758 DI 10.1007/s10803-014-2048-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800022 PM 24488118 ER PT J AU Schwartz, C Dratsch, T Vogeley, K Bente, G AF Schwartz, Caroline Dratsch, Thomas Vogeley, Kai Bente, Gary TI Brief Report: Impression Formation in High-Functioning Autism: Role of Nonverbal Behavior and Stereotype Activating Information SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High-functioning autism (HFA); Impression formation; Nonverbal behavior; Stereotype; Virtual characters ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PERCEPTION AB Little is known about whether stereotypes influence social judgments of autistic individuals, in particular when they compete with tacit face-to-face cues. We compared impression formation of 17 subjects with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 17 age-, gender- and IQ-matched controls. Information about the profession of a job applicant served as stereotype activating information. The target person's nonverbal behavior was presented as a computer animation showing two virtual characters in interaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, HFA participants were as sensitive to nonverbal cues as controls. Moreover, HFA showed a tendency to evaluate persons more positively. This might indicate a routine HFA apply in impression formation in order to compensate for their deficit in intuitive understanding of nonverbal communication cues. C1 [Schwartz, Caroline; Dratsch, Thomas; Bente, Gary] Univ Cologne, Dept Social Psychol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Schwartz, Caroline] Klinikum Univ Munchen, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [Vogeley, Kai] Univ Hosp Cologne, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany. [Vogeley, Kai] Res Ctr Juelich, Inst Neurosci & Med, Julich, Germany. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1759 EP 1765 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2021-6 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800023 PM 24362848 ER PT J AU Samson, AC Phillips, JM Parker, KJ Shah, S Gross, JJ Hardan, AY AF Samson, Andrea C. Phillips, Jennifer M. Parker, Karen J. Shah, Shweta Gross, James J. Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Emotion Dysregulation and the Core Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; Core features; Emotion regulation; Restricted/repetitive behaviors; Social/communication deficits; Sensory abnormalities ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; SENSORY PROFILE; YOUNG-PEOPLE; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS AB The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between emotion dysregulation and the core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which include social/communication deficits, restricted/repetitive behaviors, and sensory abnormalities. An 18-item Emotion Dysregulation Index was developed on the basis of expert ratings of the Child Behavior Checklist. Compared to typically developing controls, children and adolescents with ASD showed more emotion dysregulation and had significantly greater symptom severity on all scales. Within ASD participants, emotion dysregulation was related to all core features of the disorder, but the strongest association was with repetitive behaviors. These findings may facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting emotion dysregulation in order to optimize long-term outcomes for individuals with ASD. C1 [Samson, Andrea C.; Shah, Shweta; Gross, James J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Phillips, Jennifer M.; Parker, Karen J.; Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Samson, AC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 420, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM andrea.samson@stanford.edu CR Achenbach T. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1766 EP 1772 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2022-5 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800024 PM 24362795 ER PT J AU Choque Olsson, N Bolte, S AF Choque Olsson, Nora Bolte, Sven TI Brief Report: "Quick and (not so) Dirty" Assessment of Change in Autism: Cross-Cultural Reliability of the Developmental Disabilities CGAS and the OSU Autism CGI SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Intervention; Outcome; Longitudinal; Asperger syndrome; Psychometrics ID GLOBAL ASSESSMENT SCALE; SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS SCALE; STANDARDIZED ADOS SCORES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SEVERITY; SRS; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB There are few evaluated economic tools to assess change in autism. This study examined the inter-rater reliability of the Developmental Disabilities Children's Global Assessment Scale (DD-CGAS), and the OSU Autism Clinical Global Impression (OSU Autism CGI) in a European setting. Using these scales, 16 clinicians with multidisciplinary background and varying experience independently rated eight vignettes of autism spectrum disorder for severity and general psychosocial functioning at referral and discharge. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs) for experienced clinicians were .75 for the DD-CGAS and .72 for the OSU Autism CGI. In inexperienced clinicians these ICCs were .58 and .59. Results confirm previous North American studies, and further extents the reliability of the instruments to untrained, less experienced clinicians with different professions. C1 [Choque Olsson, Nora; Bolte, Sven] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, Pediat Neuropsychiat Unit, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth,CAP Res Ctr, S-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. [Choque Olsson, Nora; Bolte, Sven] Stockholm Cty Council, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Bolte, S (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, Pediat Neuropsychiat Unit, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth,CAP Res Ctr, Gavlegatan 22, S-11330 Stockholm, Sweden. EM nora.choque-olsson@ki.se; sven.bolte@ki.se CR Abel KM, 2013, AM J PSYCHIAT, V170, P391, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12040543 American Psychiatric Association APA, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V5th Arnold LE, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P99, DOI 10.1023/A:1005451304303 Bolte S, 2008, AUTISM RES, V1, P354, DOI 10.1002/aur.49 Bolte S, 2012, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V42, P1998, DOI 10.1007/s10803-011-1424-5 Charman T, 2013, CHILD ADOL MENT H-UK, V18, P52, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00664.x Constantino J. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1773 EP 1778 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2029-y PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800025 PM 24379174 ER PT J AU Evers, K de-Wit, L Van der Hallen, R Haesen, B Steyaert, J Noens, I Wagemans, J AF Evers, Kris de-Wit, Lee Van der Hallen, Ruth Haesen, Birgitt Steyaert, Jean Noens, Ilse Wagemans, Johan TI Brief Report: Reduced Grouping Interference in Children with ASD: Evidence from a Multiple Object Tracking Task SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Attention; Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Global interference; Grouping; Multiple object tracking; Weak central coherence ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; SPATIAL PROXIMITY; WEAK COHERENCE; MOTION; ATTENTION; INDIVIDUALS; INTEGRATION; COLLINEARITY AB This study was inspired by the more locally oriented processing style in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A modified multiple object tracking (MOT) task was administered to a group of children with and without ASD. Participants not only had to distinguish moving targets from distracters, but they also had to track targets when they were visually grouped to distracters, a manipulation which has a detrimental effect on tracking performance in adults. MOT performance in the ASD group was also affected by grouping, but this effect was significantly reduced. This result highlights how the reduced bias towards more global processing in ASD could influence further stages of cognition by altering the way in which attention selects information for further processing. C1 [Evers, Kris; de-Wit, Lee; Van der Hallen, Ruth; Haesen, Birgitt; Wagemans, Johan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Expt Psychol Lab, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Evers, Kris; Steyaert, Jean] UPC KU Leuven, Dept Child Psychiat, Leuven, Belgium. [Evers, Kris; Van der Hallen, Ruth; Haesen, Birgitt; Steyaert, Jean; Noens, Ilse; Wagemans, Johan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven Autism Res LAuRes, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Steyaert, Jean] Univ Hosp Maastricht, Dept Clin Genet, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Noens, Ilse] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Parenting & Special Educ Res Unit, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Noens, Ilse] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Evers, K (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Expt Psychol Lab, Tiensestr 102,Box 3711, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1779 EP 1787 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2031-4 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800026 PM 24398878 ER PT J AU Waterhouse, L Gillberg, C AF Waterhouse, Lynn Gillberg, Christopher TI Why Autism Must be Taken Apart SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; ASD; Brain dysfunction; DSM-5; Pathophysiology; RDoC ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CLASSIFICATION; METAANALYSIS; CEREBELLUM; HYPOPLASIA; CHILDREN; INFANTS; FUTURE; CORTEX AB Although accumulated evidence has demonstrated that autism is found with many varied brain dysfunctions, researchers have tried to find a single brain dysfunction that would provide neurobiological validity for autism. However, unitary models of autism brain dysfunction have not adequately addressed conflicting evidence, and efforts to find a single unifying brain dysfunction have led the field away from research to explore individual variation and micro-subgroups. Autism must be taken apart in order to find neurobiological treatment targets. Three research changes are needed. The belief that there is a single defining autism spectrum disorder brain dysfunction must be relinquished. The noise caused by the thorny brain-symptom inference problem must be reduced. Researchers must explore individual variation in brain measures within autism. C1 [Waterhouse, Lynn] Coll New Jersey, Global Grad Programs, Child Behav Study, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Gillberg, Christopher] Gothenburg Univ, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Waterhouse, L (reprint author), Coll New Jersey, Global Grad Programs, Child Behav Study, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1788 EP 1792 DI 10.1007/s10803-013-2030-5 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ5TY UT WOS:000337752800027 PM 24390538 ER PT J AU O'Nions, E Christie, P Gould, J Viding, E Happe, F AF O'Nions, Elizabeth Christie, Phil Gould, Judith Viding, Essi Happe, Francesca TI Development of the "Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire' (EDA-Q): preliminary observations on a trait measure for Pathological Demand Avoidance SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; ASD; pathological demand avoidance; PDA; pervasive developmental disorder; conduct problems; oppositional defiant disorder; ODD; disruptive behaviour ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; DISORDERS; STRENGTHS AB Background Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a term increasingly used in the United Kingdom to describe children who obsessively resist everyday demands, going to extreme lengths to avoid these. There is debate about its relationship with both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Unlike ASD, children with PDA are said to use socially manipulative avoidance strategies; and unlike ODD, they resort to extreme, embarrassing or age-inappropriate behaviour. To date, there has been little research into PDA, and it remains contentious. Currently, there are no questionnaire instruments available to aid consistency in description. This study reports the development and preliminary validation of the Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire' (EDA-Q), designed to quantify PDA traits based on parent-reported information. Methods The validation study involved data from 326 parents of children aged 5-17 allocated to six groups based on information reported by parents about received diagnoses and behavioural difficulties: (a) typically developing children (N=102), (b) children with ASD without disruptive behaviour (N=36), (c) children with ASD with disruptive behaviour (N=48), (d) children for whom PDA was suspected by parents (irrespective of other diagnoses) (N=67), (e) children who had, according to parents, been identified as having PDA by a health professional, irrespective of other diagnoses (N=50), and (6) disruptive behaviour or behavioural problems without suspected/identified ASD or PDA (N=23). Results Although the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) did not differentiate PDA from those with ASD plus disruptive behaviour; score on the EDA-Q was significantly higher in PDA than all comparison groups. ROC analysis indicated good sensitivity (.80) and specificity (.85). Across all case groups, females scored higher than males on the EDA-Q. Separate cut-off scores were identified for older and younger age-groups. Conclusions Our findings highlight the potential utility of the EDA-Q to assist the identification of this unusual profile for future research. C1 [O'Nions, Elizabeth; Happe, Francesca] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. [Christie, Phil] Sutherland House Childrens Serv NORSACA, Elizabeth Newson Ctr, Southwold, Notts, England. [Gould, Judith] NAS Lorna Wing Ctr Autism, Bromley, Kent, England. [Viding, Essi] UCL, Dev Risk & Resilience Unit, Div Psychol & Language Sci, Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol Res Dept, London, England. RP O'Nions, E (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England. EM elizabeth.onions@kcl.ac.uk FU ESRC FX E. O'N is supported by an ESRC PhD studentship. P. C. receives payment for consultancy and training from voluntary and statutory bodies. The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest. The authors are very grateful to the clinicians who assisted in developing the measure. They are also very grateful to the parents who took part in this study; and to the schools, parent groups and web groups who assisted with recruitment and supported this research. CR Christie P., 2007, GOOD AUTISM PRACTICE, V8, P3 Frick P J, 1999, Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, V2, P149, DOI 10.1023/A:1021803005547 Goodman R, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P1337, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015 Goodman R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P581, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x Gould J., 2011, GOOD AUTISM PRACTICE, V12, P34 Kopp S, 2011, RES DEV DISABIL, V32, P2875, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.017 Newson E, 2003, ARCH DIS CHILD, V88, P595, DOI 10.1136/adc.88.7.595 O'Nions E., AUTISM INT IN PRESS Viding E, 2012, J ROY SOC MED, V105, P195, DOI 10.1258/jrsm.2011.110223 Wing L, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P307, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00023 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9630 EI 1469-7610 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2014 VL 55 IS 7 BP 758 EP 768 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12149 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AJ9DW UT WOS:000338008300003 PM 24117718 ER PT J AU Musser, ED Hawkey, E Kachan-Liu, SS Lees, P Roullet, JB Goddard, K Steiner, RD Nigg, JT AF Musser, Erica D. Hawkey, Elizabeth Kachan-Liu, Svetlana S. Lees, Paul Roullet, Jean-Baptiste Goddard, Katrina Steiner, Robert D. Nigg, Joel T. TI Shared familial transmission of autism spectrum and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Attention-deficit; hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder; shared familial transmission ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; GENETIC INFLUENCES; TWIN SAMPLE; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; ADHD; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AB Background To determine whether familial transmission is shared between autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we assessed the prevalence, rates of comorbidity, and familial transmission of both disorders in a large population-based sample of children during a recent 7 year period. Methods Study participants included all children born to parents with the Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) Health Plan between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2004 (n=35,073). Children and mothers with physician-identified autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were identified via electronic medical records maintained for all KPNW members. Results Among children aged 6-12years, prevalence was 2.0% for ADHD and 0.8% for ASD; within those groups, 0.2% of the full sample (19% of the ASD sample and 9.6% of the ADHD sample) had co-occurring ASD and ADHD, when all children were included. When mothers had a diagnosis of ADHD, first born offspring were at 6-fold risk of ADHD alone (OR=5.02, p<.0001) and at 2.5-fold risk of ASD alone (OR=2.52, p<.01). Results were not accounted for by maternal age, child gestational age, child gender, and child race. Conclusions Autism spectrum disorders shares familial transmission with ADHD. ADHD and ASD have a partially overlapping diathesis. C1 [Musser, Erica D.; Hawkey, Elizabeth; Roullet, Jean-Baptiste; Nigg, Joel T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Musser, Erica D.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Kachan-Liu, Svetlana S.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lees, Paul; Goddard, Katrina] Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR USA. [Steiner, Robert D.] Univ Wisconsin, Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI USA. RP Musser, ED (reprint author), Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Psychol, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC4-455, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM mussere@ohsu.edu FU NIMH [R01-MH59105] FX This research was supported in part by NIMH R01-MH59105, awarded to J.T.N. E.D.M co-conceptualized the study, carried out the analyses, drafted the initial manuscript; E. H assisted with data assembly and data set preparation; S. S. K assisted in analysis, reviewed the manuscript; P. L assisted with the retrieval and organization of the data; J-B.R assisted in conceptualization of the study; K. G assisted with the retrieval and organization of the data; R. D. S assisted in conceptualization of the study, helped obtain the data; J.T.N co-conceptualized the study, oversaw the analyses, critically reviewed and helped draft the manuscript. The authors thank Jennifer Stubbs and Oregon Clinical & Translational Research for regulatory assistance, as well as Kaiser Permanente Northwest for their support and access to the data. All the authors critically reviewed and approved the final manuscript. All authors declare that they have no potential or competing conflicts of interest. CR Akinbami L. J., 2011, CTR DIS CONTROL, V70, P1 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bakker SC, 2003, AM J HUM GENET, V72, P1251, DOI 10.1086/375143 Boyle CA, 2011, PEDIATRICS, V127, P1034, DOI 10.1542/peds.2010-2989 Brieber S, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P1251, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01799.x CANTWELL DP, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P521, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198809000-00001 Centers for Disease Control, 2013, STAT BAS PREV DAT PA Clark T, 1999, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V8, P50 Erskine HE, 2013, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V54, P1263, DOI 10.1111/jcpp.12144 Farley MA, 2009, AUTISM RES, V2, P109, DOI 10.1002/aur.69 Fombonne E, 2005, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V18, P281, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00266.x Frazier J. A., 2001, J ATTEN DISORD, V4, P203, DOI DOI 10.1177/108705470100400402 Freitag CM, 2007, MOL PSYCHIATR, V12, P2, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001896 Gaub M, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P1036, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199708000-00011 Gershon J, 2002, J Atten Disord, V5, P143, DOI 10.1177/108705470200500302 Kogan MD, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V124, P1395, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-1522 Lee DO, 2006, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V16, P737, DOI 10.1089/cap.2006.16.737 Leyfer OT, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P849, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 Lichtenstein P, 2010, AM J PSYCHIAT, V167, P1357, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10020223 Mulligan A, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P197, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0621-3 Muthen & Muthen, 2012, M PLUS VERS 6 11 Nijmeijer JS, 2009, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V37, P443, DOI 10.1007/s10802-008-9282-0 Nyden A, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P1659, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.010 Pamplona FA, 2009, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V33, P1153, DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.06.012 Reiersen AM, 2008, TWIN RES HUM GENET, V11, P579, DOI 10.1375/twin.11.6.579 Reiersen AM, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P464, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01720.x Reiersen AM, 2008, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V47, P662, DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816bff88 Rommelse NNJ, 2010, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V19, P281, DOI 10.1007/s00787-010-0092-x Rommelse NNJ, 2011, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V35, P1363, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.015 Ronald A, 2008, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V49, P535, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01857.x Rowlandson PH, 2009, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V35, P681, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00956.x Sandin S, 2012, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V51, P477, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.018 Santosh PJ, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P141, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0372-4 Simonoff E, 2008, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V47, P921, DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f Sinzig J, 2009, J ATTEN DISORD, V13, P117, DOI 10.1177/1087054708326261 Smalley SL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P1276, DOI 10.1086/515485 Stone JL, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V75, P1117, DOI 10.1086/426034 van Steijn DJ, 2012, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V53, P954, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02556.x Weiss LA, 2009, EXPERT REV MOL DIAGN, V9, P795, DOI [10.1586/erm.09.59, 10.1586/ERM.09.59] NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9630 EI 1469-7610 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2014 VL 55 IS 7 BP 819 EP 827 DI 10.1111/jcpp.12201 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA AJ9DW UT WOS:000338008300011 PM 24444366 ER PT J AU Belling, R McLaren, S Paul, M Ford, T Kramer, T Weaver, T Hovish, K Islam, Z White, S Singh, SP AF Belling, Ruth McLaren, Susan Paul, Moli Ford, Tamsin Kramer, Tami Weaver, Tim Hovish, Kimberly Islam, Zoebia White, Sarah Singh, Swaran P. TI The effect of organisational resources and eligibility issues on transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH & POLICY LA English DT Article DE resources; transition from child/adolescent to adult mental health services ID CARE AB Objectives: To investigate the organisational factors that impede or facilitate transition of young people from child and adolescent (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS). Methods: Thirty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with health and social care professionals working in child and adult services in four English NHS Mental Health Trusts and voluntary organisations. Data were analysed thematically using a structured framework. Results: Findings revealed a lack of clarity on service availability and the operation of different eligibility criteria between child and adult mental health services, with variable service provision for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders and learning disabilities. High workloads and staff shortages were perceived to influence service thresholds and eligibility criteria. Conclusions: A mutual lack of understanding of services and structures together with restrictive eligibility criteria exacerbated by perceived lack of resources can impact negatively on the transition between CAMHS and AMHS, disrupting continuity of care for young people. C1 [Belling, Ruth] Evaluat Works, Bedford, England. [McLaren, Susan] London S Bank Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Care, London SE1 0AA, England. [Paul, Moli; Singh, Swaran P.] Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Div Mental Hlth & Well Being, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Ford, Tamsin] Univ Exeter, Sch Med, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Kramer, Tami; Weaver, Tim] Imperial Coll London, Fac Med, London, England. [Hovish, Kimberly] Univ London, Inst Educ, Dept Childhood Families & Hlth, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Islam, Zoebia] Leicestershire & Rutland & Birmingham & Solihull, LOROS Hosp Care Leicester, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [White, Sarah] Univ London, Sect Mental Hlth, Div Populat Hlth Sci & Educ, London WC1E 7HU, England. RP McLaren, S (reprint author), London S Bank Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Care, London SE1 0AA, England. 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Health Serv. Res. Policy PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1177/1355819614527439 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AJ8MK UT WOS:000337958800007 ER PT J AU Casanova, MF AF Casanova, Manuel F. TI Autism as a sequence: From heterochronic germinal cell divisions to abnormalities of cell migration and cortical dysplasias SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; PERIVENTRICULAR NODULAR HETEROTOPIA; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; PRENATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE; EHLERS-DANLOS-SYNDROME; FINAL COMMON PATHWAY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NEURONAL MIGRATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; BRAIN AB The considerable heterogeneity in the number and severity of symptoms observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been regarded as an obstacle to any future research. Some authors believe that clinical heterogeneity results from the complex interplay of the many genetic and environmental factors that themselves define a condition as multifactorial. However, it is important to note that neuropathological findings in both idiopathic and syndromic autism suggests a single pathophysiological mechanism acting during brain development: the heterochronic division of germinal cells and subsequent migrational abnormalities of daughter cells to their target fields. Multiple exogenous (e.g., viruses, drugs) and endogenous (e.g., genetic mutations) factors are known to disrupt the division of germinal cells and provide for an autism phenotype. The variety of endogenous and exogenous factors, their timing of action during brain development, and the genetic susceptibility of affected individuals (a Triple Hit hypothesis) may all account for the clinical heterogeneity of ASD. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Casanova, MF (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat, 500 South Preston St,Bldg A,Room 217, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM m0casa02@louisville.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 MH-86784] FX The author received funding from National Institutes of Health grant R01 MH-86784 "Building a selective inhibitory control tone in autism: an rTMS study". 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TI Brain-expressed exons under purifying selection are enriched for de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorder SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; FUNCTIONAL IMPACT; VARIANTS; EXOMES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; EVOLUTION; DELETIONS; PATHWAYS; PARADIGM AB A universal challenge in genetic studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is determining whether a given DNA sequence alteration will manifest as disease. Among different population controls, we observed, for specific exons, an inverse correlation between exon expression level in brain and burden of rare missense mutations. For genes that harbor de novo mutations predicted to be deleterious, we found that specific critical exons were significantly enriched in individuals with ASD relative to their siblings without ASD (P < 1.13 x 10(-38); odds ratio (OR) = 2.40). Furthermore, our analysis of genes with high exonic expression in brain and low burden of rare mutations demonstrated enrichment for known ASD-associated genes (P < 3.40 x 10(-11); OR = 6.08) and ASD-relevant fragile-X protein targets (P < 2.91 x 10(-157); OR = 9.52). Our results suggest that brain-expressed exons under purifying selection should be prioritized in genotype-phenotype studies for ASD and related neurodevelopmental conditions. C1 [Uddin, Mohammed; Tammimies, Kristiina; Pellecchia, Giovanna; Hui, Pingzhao; Wang, Zhuozhi; Lau, Lynette; Nalpathamkalam, Thomas; Marshall, Christian R.; Merico, Daniele; Yuen, Ryan K. C.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Tammimies, Kristiina] Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Neuropsychiat Unit, Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, Stockholm, Sweden. [Alipanahi, Babak; Frey, Brendan J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Pinto, Dalila] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Marshall, Christian R.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Blencowe, Benjamin J.; Frey, Brendan J.] Univ Toronto, Donnelly Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Blencowe, Benjamin J.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Scherer, SW (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM stephen.scherer@sickkids.ca RI Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Yuen, Ryan/J-4876-2012 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; FU University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, NeuroDevNet, Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute [4445]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) [FEN 74527, FRNXGG818]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canada Foundation for Innovation; government of Ontario [GL2-01-013]; Ontario Brain Institute; Autism Speaks Meixner; Swedish Research Council FX We thank the Centre for Applied Genomics for informatics support, the Allen Institute of Brain Science, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the Autism Genome Project for sharing data. We thank J. Buchanan for critical review and editing of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, NeuroDevNet, Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute (project 4445), the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) (FEN 74527 and FRNXGG818), the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the government of Ontario (GL2-01-013), the Ontario Brain Institute and Autism Speaks. R.K.C.Y. holds an Autism Speaks Meixner Fellowship in Translational Research. K.T. holds a fellowship from the Swedish Research Council. S.W.S. holds the GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Chair in Genome Sciences at the University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 10 IS 7 BP 389 EP 390 DI 10.1038/nrendo.2014.81 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AK0IT UT WOS:000338096800006 PM 24889901 ER PT J AU Ezegwui, IR Lawrence, L Aghaji, AE Okoye, OI Okoye, O Onwasigwe, EN Ebigbo, PO AF Ezegwui, I. R. Lawrence, L. Aghaji, A. E. Okoye, O. I. Okoye, O. Onwasigwe, E. N. Ebigbo, P. O. TI Refractive errors in children with autism in a developing country SO NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Autism; developing country; refractive error ID DISORDERS; NEEDS AB Background: In a resource-limited country visual problems of mentally challenged individuals are often neglected. Aim: The present study aims to study refractive errors in children diagnosed with autism in a developing country. Materials and Methods: Ophthalmic examination was carried out on children diagnosed with autism attending a school for the mentally challenged in Enugu, Nigeria between December 2009 and May 2010. Visual acuity was assessed using Lea symbols. Anterior and posterior segments were examined. Cycloplegic refraction was performed. Data was entered on the protocol prepared for the study and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 (Chicago IL, USA). Results: A total of 21 children with autism were enrolled in the school; 18 of whom were examined giving coverage of 85.7%. The age range was 5-15 years, with a mean of 10.28 years (standard deviation +/- 3.20). There were 13 boys and 5 girls. One child had bilateral temporal pallor of the disc and one had bilateral maculopathy with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy. Refraction revealed 4 children (22.2%) had astigmatism and 2 children (11.1%) had hypermetropia. Conclusion: Significant refractive error mainly astigmatism was noted in the children with autism. Identifying refractive errors in these children early and providing appropriate corrective lenses may help optimize their visual functioning and impact their activities of daily life in a positive way. C1 [Ezegwui, I. R.; Aghaji, A. E.; Okoye, O. I.; Okoye, O.; Onwasigwe, E. N.] Univ Nigeria, Teaching Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Enugu, Nigeria. [Ebigbo, P. O.] Univ Nigeria, Teaching Hosp, Dept Psychol Med, Enugu, Nigeria. RP Ezegwui, IR (reprint author), Univ Nigeria, Teaching Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Enugu, Nigeria. 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J. Clin. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 467 EP 470 DI 10.4103/1119-3077.134042 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AJ7YW UT WOS:000337919200013 PM 24909471 ER PT J AU Elmose, M Trillingsgaard, A Jorgensen, M Nielsen, A Bruhn, SS Sorensen, EU AF Elmose, Mette Trillingsgaard, Anegen Jorgensen, Meta Nielsen, Asta Bruhn, Susanne S. Sorensen, Ester U. TI Follow-up at mid-school age (9-13 years) of children assessed for autism spectrum disorder before the age of four SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Diagnostic stability; Follow-up; Outcome; Prediction ID DIAGNOSTIC-OBSERVATION-SCHEDULE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; REVISED ALGORITHMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL; PREDICTORS; STABILITY; VALIDITY; TIME AB Background : Studies of diagnosis and outcome in mid-school age children (9-13 years) referred early in life for a suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are scarce. Aims : This study aimed to describe outcome, developmental change and the stability of the early diagnosis in mid-school age. Methods : Children consecutively referred to a specialized autism unit at a regional psychiatric diagnostic centre in Denmark before the age of 4 were contacted in mid-school age (9-13 years). 14 children with ASD and 9 children diagnosed outside the spectrum were included. Current clinical diagnosis, autism characteristics, intellectual abilities and adaptive functioning were assessed at follow-up, and investigated in relation to early measures of intellectual abilities and difficulties in social and communicative situations. Results : The stability of an early ASD diagnosis was confirmed. However, a high degree of change into the autism spectrum was found for children who were initially diagnosed with another developmental disorder. A positive change with regard to IQ level was evident at the individual level. At group level, there was a tendency for lower functioning in the children diagnosed early with ASD. Early measures of intellectual abilities, and of social and communicative difficulties, predicted between 16% and 50% of the variance in intellectual abilities and adaptive functioning. Conclusions: The findings are in line with follow-up studies in preschool and early school age but highlight the need to monitor early diagnostic decisions, and the need for more nuanced baseline and outcome measures that may help increase our prognostic understanding. C1 [Elmose, Mette] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Psychol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Elmose, Mette; Trillingsgaard, Anegen] Univ Aarhus, Dept Psychol, Aarhus C, Denmark. [Trillingsgaard, Anegen; Jorgensen, Meta; Nielsen, Asta; Bruhn, Susanne S.; Sorensen, Ester U.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Reg Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Risskov, Denmark. 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J. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 68 IS 5 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.3109/08039488.2013.846411 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AJ5WN UT WOS:000337761100012 PM 24199947 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zhao, XY AF Li, Yue Zhao, Xinyu TI Concise Review: Fragile X Proteins in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation SO STEM CELLS LA English DT Review DE Adult stem cells; Nervous system; Neural stem cell; Pluripotent stem cells; Developmental biology; Neural differentiation; Stem cell plasticity; Fragile X syndrome; FMRP ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; GROUP-I MGLUR; MOUSE MODEL; MESSENGER-RNA; NEURAL STEM; PROGENITOR CELLS; FMRP PHOSPHORYLATION; SPINE MORPHOGENESIS AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic form of autism spectrum disorder, is caused by deficiency of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Despite extensive research and scientific progress, understanding how FMRP regulates brain development and function remains a major challenge. FMRP is a neuronal RNA-binding protein that binds about a third of messenger RNAs in the brain and controls their translation, stability, and cellular localization. The absence of FMRP results in increased protein synthesis, leading to enhanced signaling in a number of intracellular pathways, including the mTOR, mGLuR5, ERK, Gsk3 beta, PI3K, and insulin pathways. Until recently, FXS was largely considered a deficit of mature neurons; however, a number of new studies have shown that FMRP may also play important roles in stem cells, among them neural stem cells, germline stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we will cover these newly discovered functions of FMRP, as well as the other two fragile X-related proteins, in stem cells. We will also discuss the literature on the use of stem cells, particularly neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as model systems for studying the functions of FMRP in neuronal development. C1 [Zhao, Xinyu] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Zhao, Xinyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Neurosci, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Zhao, XY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM xzhao69@wisc.edu FU NIH [R01MH080434, R01MH078972, P30HD03352] FX We thank Cheryl T. Strauss for editing. This work was supported by grants from the NIH (R01MH080434 and R01MH078972 to X.Z.), FRAXA (to X.Z.), and a Center Grant from the NIH to the Waisman Center (P30HD03352). 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Moon, Minho Datta, Debkanya Bolshakov, Vadim Y. Kim, Kwang-Soo Chung, Sangmi TI Efficient Specification of Interneurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Dorsoventral and Rostrocaudal Modulation SO STEM CELLS LA English DT Article DE Pluripotent stem cells; Medial ganglionic eminence; Interneurons; Differentiation ID SONIC HEDGEHOG; FUNCTIONAL MATURATION; CORTICAL INTERNEURONS; NEURAL DEVELOPMENT; GENE-FUNCTION; MOUSE MODEL; HUMAN ES; DIFFERENTIATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; EXPRESSION AB GABAergic interneurons regulate cortical neural networks by providing inhibitory inputs, and their malfunction, resulting in failure to intricately regulate neural circuit balance, is implicated in brain diseases such as Schizophrenia, Autism, and Epilepsy. During early development, GABAergic interneuron progenitors arise from the ventral telencephalic area such as medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) by the actions of secreted signaling molecules from nearby organizers, and migrate to their target sites where they form local synaptic connections. In this study, using combinatorial and temporal modulation of developmentally relevant dorsoventral and rostrocaudal signaling pathways (SHH, Wnt, and FGF8), we efficiently generated MGE cells from multiple human pluripotent stem cells. Most importantly, modulation of FGF8/FGF19 signaling efficiently directed MGE versus CGE differentiation. Human MGE cells spontaneously differentiated into Lhx6-expressing GABAergic interneurons and showed migratory properties. These human MGE-derived neurons generated GABA, fired action potentials, and displayed robust GABAergic postsynaptic activity. Transplantation into rodent brains results in well-contained neural grafts enriched with GABAergic interneurons that migrate in the host and mature to express somatostatin or parvalbumin. Thus, we propose that signaling modulation recapitulating normal developmental patterns efficiently generate human GABAergic interneurons. This strategy represents a novel tool in regenerative medicine, developmental studies, disease modeling, bioassay, and drug screening. C1 [Kim, Tae-Gon; Yao, Ruiqin; Monnell, Travis; Koh, Alice; Moon, Minho; Datta, Debkanya; Kim, Kwang-Soo; Chung, Sangmi] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, Mol Neurobiol Lab,Dept Psychiat, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. [Kim, Tae-Gon; Yao, Ruiqin; Monnell, Travis; Koh, Alice; Moon, Minho; Datta, Debkanya; Kim, Kwang-Soo; Chung, Sangmi] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, Program Neurosci, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. [Kim, Tae-Gon; Yao, Ruiqin; Monnell, Travis; Koh, Alice; Moon, Minho; Datta, Debkanya; Kim, Kwang-Soo; Chung, Sangmi] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, Harvard Stem Cell Inst, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. [Cho, Jun-Hyeong; Bolshakov, Vadim Y.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, Cellular Neurobiol Lab,Dept Psychiat, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. [Vasudevan, Anju; Kumar, Peeyush T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, Angiogenesis & Brain Dev Lab,Dept Psychiat, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. RP Kim, KS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. EM kskim@mclean.harvard.edu; schung@mclean.harvard.edu FU NIH [NS079977, MH048866, MH087903, NS070577]; Harvard Stem Cell Institute FX We thank Dr. Pachnis for kindly providing us with anti-Lhx6 antibodies. This study was supported by NIH grants (NS079977, MH048866, MH087903, and NS070577) and Harvard Stem Cell Institute Seed Grant. 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A PD JUL PY 2014 VL 164 IS 7 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.36645 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AJ4HB UT WOS:000337633300003 ER PT J AU Guilherme, RS Soares, KC Simioni, M Vieira, TP Gil-da-Silva-Lopes, VL Kim, CA Brunoni, D Spinner, NB Conlin, LK Christofolini, DM Kulikowski, LD Steiner, CE Melaragno, MI AF Guilherme, Roberta Santos Soares, Karina Cunha Simioni, Milena Vieira, Tarsis Paiva Gil-da-Silva-Lopes, Vera Lucia Kim, Chong Ae Brunoni, Decio Spinner, Nancy Bettina Conlin, Laura Kathleen Christofolini, Denise Maria Kulikowski, Leslie Domenici Steiner, Carlos Eduardo Melaragno, Maria Isabel TI Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of six patients with ring chromosomes 22, including one with concomitant 22q11.2 deletion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE ring chromosome 22; 22q11; 2 deletion; 22q13 deletion; speech delay and SNP array ID SUBTELOMERIC SEQUENCES; AUTISTIC SYNDROME; 22Q13.3; FISH; DISORDERS AB We report here on six patients with a ring chromosome 22 and the range of cytogenetic and phenotypic features presented by them. Genomic analysis was carried out using classical and molecular cytogenetics, MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) and genome-wide SNP-array analysis. The ring was found in all patients, but Patient 6 displayed constitutional mosaicism with a normal cell line. Five patients had deletions in the ring chromosome 22, and in four of them the breakpointsunique for each patientcould be identified by genome-wide SNP-array analysis. One patient presented with a 22q11.2 deletion concomitant with the deletion caused by the ring formation. Common phenotypic features included autism, speech delay and seizures, as previously reported for individuals with r(22) and/or 22q13.3 deletions. Investigation of the genes within the deletions revealed multiple genes related to development of the central nervous system, psychomotor delay, severe language impairment, hypotonia, and autistic symptoms. There was no clear correlation between the severity of clinical features and the size of the deleted segment. This study underscores the variability in ring structure and clinical presentation of the r(22) and adds information to the limited literature on this rare disorder. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Guilherme, Roberta Santos; Brunoni, Decio; Melaragno, Maria Isabel] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Genet, Dept Morphol & Genet, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Soares, Karina Cunha; Simioni, Milena; Vieira, Tarsis Paiva; Gil-da-Silva-Lopes, Vera Lucia; Steiner, Carlos Eduardo] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Dept Med Genet, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Kim, Chong Ae] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pediat, Inst Crianca HC FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Spinner, Nancy Bettina; Conlin, Laura Kathleen] Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Spinner, Nancy Bettina; Conlin, Laura Kathleen] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Christofolini, Denise Maria] ABC, Fac Med, Div Obstet & Gynecol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kulikowski, Leslie Domenici] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Lab Citogenom, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Guilherme, RS (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Morphol & Genet, Rua Botucatu 740, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM robertaguilherme@hotmail.com RI Kulikowski, Leslie/F-4524-2012; Vieira, Tarsis/A-2551-2015 OI Kulikowski, Leslie/0000-0003-2236-3956; FU FAPESP, Brazil [2012/51150-0, 2012/15572-7] FX Grant sponsor: FAPESP, Brazil; Grant numbers: 2012/51150-0, 2012/15572-7. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD JUL PY 2014 VL 164 IS 7 BP 1659 EP 1665 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.36512 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AJ4HB UT WOS:000337633300010 PM 24700634 ER PT J AU Tinker, J Carbone, PS Viskochil, D Mathiesen, A Ma, KN Stevenson, DA AF Tinker, Jade Carbone, Paul S. Viskochil, David Mathiesen, Amber Ma, Khe-Ni Stevenson, David A. TI Screening children with neurofibromatosis type 1 for autism spectrum disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE neurofibromatosis type 1; autism spectrum disorders; Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; Childhood Autism Spectrum Test ID CAST CHILDHOOD ASPERGER; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; TODDLERS; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reported to be increased in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but it's unknown if ASD screening tools are sensitive and specific for NF1. This study compared the rate at which children with NF1 screen-positive for two ASD screening tools [Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST)] to the screen-positive rate of the general population. A retrospective cross-sectional observational design to investigate the association between children with NF1 and at risk status for ASD was used. Medical records of children between 16 months and 11 years of age seen in an NF Clinic were reviewed for an ASD screening questionnaire. There were no statistically significant differences in the screen-positive rate for ASD in NF1 compared to published controls, but mean CAST scores were higher in NF1. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Tinker, Jade; Carbone, Paul S.; Viskochil, David; Mathiesen, Amber; Ma, Khe-Ni; Stevenson, David A.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Stevenson, DA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Med Genet, 2C412 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM david.stevenson@hsc.utah.edu FU University of Utah Genetic Counseling Master's Program; Thrasher Research Fund; Department of Defense [W81XWH-11-1-0250] FX Grant sponsor: University of Utah Genetic Counseling Master's Program; Grant sponsor: Thrasher Research Fund; Grant sponsor: Department of Defense; Grant number: DOD Award W81XWH-11-1-0250. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD JUL PY 2014 VL 164 IS 7 BP 1706 EP 1712 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.36549 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AJ4HB UT WOS:000337633300016 PM 24715629 ER PT J AU Andersen, EF Baldwin, EE Ellingwood, S Smith, R Lamb, AN AF Andersen, Erica F. Baldwin, Erin E. Ellingwood, Sara Smith, Rosemarie Lamb, Allen N. TI Xq28 duplication overlapping the int22h-1/int22h-2 region and including RAB39B and CLIC2 in a family with intellectual and developmental disability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE Xq28 duplication; Xp22.33 deletion; int22h; RAB39B; CLIC2 ID COPY NUMBER VARIANTS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM; GENE; MUTATIONS; PHENOTYPE; DELETION; GTPASES; EXOME; TMLHE AB Duplications involving terminal Xq28 are a known cause of intellectual disability (ID) in males and in females with unfavorable X-inactivation patterns. Within Xq28, functional disomy of MECP2 causes a severe ID syndrome, however the dosage sensitivity of other Xq28 duplicated genes is less certain. Duplications involving the int22h-1/int22h-2 LCR-flanked region in distal Xq28 have recently been linked to a novel ID-associated phenotype. While evidence for the dosage sensitivity of this region is emerging, the phenotypic contribution of individual genes within the int22h-1/int22h-2-flanked region has yet to be determined. We report a familial case of a novel 774kb Xq28-qter duplication, detected by cytogenomic microarray analysis, that partially overlaps the int22h-1/int22h-2-flanked region. This duplication and a 570kb Xpter-p22.33 loss within the pseudoautosomal region were identified in three siblings, one female and two males, who presented with developmental delays/intellectual disability, mild dysmorphic features and short stature. Although unconfirmed, these results are suggestive of maternal inheritance of a recombinant X. We compare our clinical findings to patients with int22h-1/int22h-2-mediated duplications and discuss the potential pathogenicity of genes within the duplicated region, including those within the shared region of overlap, RAB39B and CLIC2. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Andersen, Erica F.; Baldwin, Erin E.; Lamb, Allen N.] ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Andersen, Erica F.; Lamb, Allen N.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Ellingwood, Sara; Smith, Rosemarie] Maine Med Ctr, Div Genet, Dept Pediat, Portland, ME 04102 USA. RP Andersen, EF (reprint author), ARUP Labs, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD JUL PY 2014 VL 164 IS 7 BP 1795 EP 1801 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.36524 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AJ4HB UT WOS:000337633300028 PM 24700761 ER PT J AU Schwartzberg, ET Silverman, MJ AF Schwartzberg, Edward T. Silverman, Michael J. TI Music therapy song repertoire for children with autism spectrum disorder: A descriptive analysis by treatment areas, song types, and presentation styles SO ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Music therapy; Music; Songs; Repertoire ID SCERTS MODEL; RESPONSIVENESS; INTERVENTIONS; BEHAVIORS AB The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the song types, presentation styles, and song repertoire utilized within specific treatment areas with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers sent surveys to 257 music therapists who worked with children between the ages of birth through 19 years diagnosed with ASD. Ninety-one music therapists participated in the survey, resulting in a 35% return rate. The number of participants responding to each question ranged from 72 to 91. Overall, the majority of respondents indicated they utilized more pre-existing songs, followed by original compositions and lyric replacement (piggyback) songs. However, when asked questions about song types used to address specific treatment areas, respondents indicated they utilized live original compositions across all treatment domains more frequently than live pre-existing and live lyric replacement songs. Developing protocols to choose song types may be helpful for the acceptance of music therapy as an evidence-based treatment modality for children with ASD. Future research is warranted to determine the type of songs most conducive to facilitating improvement in specific treatment areas. Implications for clinical practice, educational preparation, and limitations of this study are provided. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwartzberg, Edward T.; Silverman, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Schwartzberg, ET (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Mus, 100 Ferguson Hall,2106 Fourth St South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM schwa155@umn.edu CR American Music Therapy Association, 2013, WORKF AN Autism Society, 2013, AUT DIAGN Brownell MD, 2002, J MUSIC THER, V39, P117 Buday E. M., 1995, J MUSIC THER, V32, P373 Buysse V., 2006, ZERO 3, V27, P50 Cevasco A. M., 2010, MUSIC THERAPY PERSPE, V28, P37 Finnigan E, 2010, AUTISM, V14, P321, DOI 10.1177/1362361309357747 Gadberry AL, 2011, J MUSIC THER, V48, P74 GIBBONS AC, 1977, J MUSIC THER, V14, P180 Kaplan R. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 240 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.aip.2014.03.007 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AJ4QB UT WOS:000337659800002 ER PT J AU Mandell, D Lecavalier, L AF Mandell, David Lecavalier, Luc TI Should we believe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates? SO AUTISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; STATES RI Mandell, David/H-2730-2012 OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X CR Bertrand J, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, P1155, DOI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 Casey BJ, 2013, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V14, P810, DOI 10.1038/nrn3621 CDC, 2012, MMWR SURVEILL SUMM, V61, P1 CDC (Cent. Dis. 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However, little is known of this relationship during middle childhood (ages 8-12 years). In this study, the aim was to establish whether there are differences in the security of attachment in children with high-functioning autism compared to typically developing children. A secondary aim was to establish whether caregivers' perceptions of their child's attachment to them accorded with the children's own reports. Twenty-one children with high-functioning autism and 17 typically developing children were administered the Kerns Security Scale and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised, and caregivers completed the same questionnaires from the viewpoint of their child. There were no differences between the groups in the children's and parents' reports of attachment security. Parents' and children's reports were moderately correlated on the Kerns Security Scale but were not correlated on the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised. The results indicate that levels of attachment security in children with high-functioning autism are not different from those in typically developing children. C1 [Chandler, Felicity; Dissanayake, Cheryl] La Trobe Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. RP Dissanayake, C (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Olga Tennison Autism Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. EM c.dissanayake@latrobe.edu.au CR Ainsworth M. S., 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Ammaniti M, 2000, Attach Hum Dev, V2, P328, DOI 10.1080/14616730010001587 ARMSDEN GC, 1987, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V16, P427, DOI 10.1007/BF02202939 Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2009, ATTACH HUM DEV, V11, P223, DOI 10.1080/14616730902814762 Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P22, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0900003X BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bauminger N, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P751, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0928-8 Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS ATTA, V1 Bowlby J, 1973, ANXIETY ANGER, V2 Bretherton I., 2005, ATTACHMENT INFANCY A, P13 BRETHERTON I, 1985, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V50, P3, DOI 10.2307/3333824 Bretherton I., 1999, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P89, DOI DOI 10.2307/1166187 Brumariu L. 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A., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P366 Kerns KA, 1996, DEV PSYCHOL, V32, P457, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.32.3.457 Kerns KA, 2006, SOC DEV, V15, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00327.x Kerns KA, 2007, ATTACH HUM DEV, V9, P33, DOI 10.1080/14616730601151441 Kerns KA, 2001, J FAM PSYCHOL, V15, P69, DOI 10.1037//0893-3200.15.1.69 Kerns KA, 2005, ATTACHMENT IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD, P46 KRAEMER GW, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P493, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00069752 Lieberman M, 1999, CHILD DEV, V70, P202, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00015 Lord C., 2002, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Main M., 1990, ATTACHMENT PRESCHOOL, P121 Marvin RS, 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P44 Mayseless O, 2005, ATTACHMENT IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD, P1 Naber FBA, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1123, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0255-2 ROGERS SJ, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P483, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00021 ROGERS SJ, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1274, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00023 Rutgers AH, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1123, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00305.x Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 Rutter M., 2003, SCQ SOCIAL COMMUNICA SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 Taylor EL, 2008, ATTACH HUM DEV, V10, P143, DOI 10.1080/14616730802113687 Thompson RA, 2003, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V15, P691, DOI 10.1017/S0954579403000348 VAN IJZENDOORN MH, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P840, DOI 10.2307/1131237 van IJzendoorn MH, 2010, CHILD DEV PERSPECT, V4, P109 van Laerhoven H, 2004, ACTA PAEDIATR, V93, P830, DOI 10.1080/08035250410026572 Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED Willemsen-Swinkels SHN, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P759, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00663 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1177/1362361313486205 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ3JP UT WOS:000337562700002 PM 24072664 ER PT J AU Mazefsky, CA Schreiber, DR Olino, TM Minshew, NJ AF Mazefsky, Carla A. Schreiber, Dana R. Olino, Thomas M. Minshew, Nancy J. TI The association between emotional and behavioral problems and gastrointestinal symptoms among children with high-functioning autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE abdominal pain; autism spectrum disorder; behavior; Child Behavior Checklist; gastrointestinal ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-PEOPLE; PREVALENCE; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; ASDS AB This study investigated the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and a broad set of emotional and behavioral concerns in 95 children with high-functioning autism and IQ scores >= 80. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed via the Autism Treatment Network's Gastrointestinal Symptom Inventory, and data were gathered on autism symptom severity, adaptive behavior, and multiple internalizing and externalizing problems. The majority (61%) of children had at least one reported gastrointestinal symptom. Emotional and behavioral problems were also common but with a high degree of variability. Children with and without gastrointestinal problems did not differ in autism symptom severity, adaptive behavior, or total internalizing or externalizing problem scores. However, participants with gastrointestinal problems had significantly higher levels of affective problems. This finding is consistent with a small body of research noting a relationship between gastrointestinal problems, irritability, and mood problems in autism spectrum disorder. More research to identify the mechanisms underlying this relationship in autism spectrum disorder is warranted. Future research should include a medical assessment of gastrointestinal concerns, longitudinal design, and participants with a range of autism spectrum disorder severity in order to clarify the directionality of this relationship and to identify factors that may impact heterogeneity in the behavioral manifestation of gastrointestinal concerns. C1 [Mazefsky, Carla A.; Schreiber, Dana R.; Olino, Thomas M.; Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Mazefsky, CA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, 3811 OHara St,Webster Hall,Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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Dissanayake, Cheryl Scheeren, Anke Koot, Hans M. Begeer, Sander TI Parenting stress and autism: The role of age, autism severity, quality of life and problem behaviour of children and adolescents with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE age; autism; autism severity; parenting stress; problem behaviour; quality of life ID DOUBLE ABCX MODEL; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; MENTAL-HEALTH; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; RISK MARKERS; MOTHERS AB While stress is a common experience for parents caring for a child with a developmental disability, current measures fail to distinguish between general stress in parents and the demands of parenting and perceptions of parenting skills (parenting stress). This study examined differences in 'parenting stress' reported by parents of children with autism and typically developing children. This study examined the role of child characteristics (age, autism severity, child quality of life and problem behaviour) on parenting stress in 150 parents of cognitively able children and adolescents with autism. The results revealed that child hyperactivity was the only factor significantly related to parenting stress in parents of children with autism, overruling measures of autism severity and child quality of life. This finding indicates the significant influence of problematic behaviours on parenting demands and perceptions of parenting skills in parents of children with autism, over other child characteristics conceived as within the parent's control. Study implications for future research are discussed. C1 [McStay, Rebecca L.; Dissanayake, Cheryl] La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Scheeren, Anke; Koot, Hans M.; Begeer, Sander] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Begeer, Sander] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 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Elder, Lauren Gulsrud, Amanda Kasari, Connie TI The association between parental interaction style and children's joint engagement in families with toddlers with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; joint engagement; parental directiveness; parental responsivity; social initiations; toddlers ID ATTENTION AB Purpose: This study examines the relationship between parental interaction style (responsive vs directive) and child-initiated joint engagement within caregiver-child interactions with toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Method: Videotaped interactions of 85 toddler-caregiver dyads were coded for child engagement and both parental responsiveness and directiveness. Results: Altogether, children spent less than one-third of the interaction jointly engaged. After controlling for child characteristics, parental style was associated with the initiator (child or parent) of joint engagement. Specifically, responsiveness predicted total time in child-initiated joint engagement, while directiveness predicted total time in parent-initiated joint engagement. Children's social behaviours were associated with child-initiated joint engagement. Discussion: Social initiations are a key target for children with autism spectrum disorders. Results demonstrate that child initiations and global social behaviour ratings are associated with parental responsivity. Responsivity may be a critical factor to facilitate children's initiations. C1 [Patterson, Stephanie Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Elder, Lauren] Autism Speaks, New York, NY USA. [Gulsrud, Amanda; Kasari, Connie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Patterson, SY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Grad Sch Educ & Informat Studies, Moore Hall,2027,Box 951521, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM sypatterson@ucla.edu CR Adamson LB, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1171, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00732.x Adamson LB, 2001, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P439, DOI 10.1016/S0193-3973(01)00089-2 Adamson LB, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P84, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0601-7 Fey ME, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P526, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/039) Kasari C, 2012, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V51, P487, DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.019 Kasari C, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P1045, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-0955-5 Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Mahoney G, 2003, TOPICS EARLY CHILD S, V23, P74, DOI DOI 10.1177/02711214030230020301 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY Ruble LA, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1457, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0222-y Tomasello M., 2001, LANG ACQUIS, P133 Warren SF, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P330, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20177 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1177/1362361313483595 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ3JP UT WOS:000337562700005 PM 24104518 ER PT J AU Freuler, AC Baranek, GT Tashjian, C Watson, LR Crais, ER Turner-Brown, LM AF Freuler, Ashley C. Baranek, Grace T. Tashjian, Christene Watson, Linda R. Crais, Elizabeth R. Turner-Brown, Lauren M. TI Parent reflections of experiences of participating in a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention for infants at risk of autism spectrum disorders SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; early intervention; parent experience; qualitative ID CHILDREN; STRESS; DIAGNOSIS; MOTHERS AB Background: Despite the mounting evidence of efficacy of early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders, there is little research that considers the various perceptions and resources with which parents respond to the pressures and opportunities associated with participation in early intervention. Research is particularly lacking surrounding experiences of parents with infants who are at risk of autism spectrum disorders but do not (yet) have a diagnosed condition. Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of caregivers following their participation in a randomized controlled trial of Adapted Responsive Teaching, a parent-infant relationship-focused intervention for infants at risk of autism spectrum disorders in a community sample. Parents were randomized into either the treatment group, in which they participated in the Adapted Responsive Teaching intervention, or the community services group, in which they were provided with information regarding local early intervention services and were encouraged, but not required to, seek community services as part of their inclusion in the randomized controlled trial. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with families following the completion of the randomized controlled trial. Participants consisted of 13 mothers and 4 fathers. Five dyads were interviewed together for a total of 14 families. Child ages ranged from 39 to 46 months at the time of interview. Analysis was conducted on 14 interviews from 10 families who were randomized into the treatment group and 4 families randomized into the community services group. Analysis was informed by a thematic analysis approach, which involved a systematic process of coding and theme identification both across and within groups. Results: Themes that emerged across groups included Working against all odds, Value of the personal relationship, Getting the ball rolling, and Getting dad on board. One broad theme represented the data within the groups: Win-win (Adapted Responsive Teaching group) and Navigating amidst ambiguity (community services group). Conclusions: This study illuminates the personal experiences and contextual influences affecting families who are participating in the randomized controlled trial through early identification of "risk" status for autism spectrum disorders in their infants. Insights gained from these interviews may serve to refine and enhance intervention models and to enhance early intervention services for families. C1 [Freuler, Ashley C.; Baranek, Grace T.; Tashjian, Christene; Watson, Linda R.; Crais, Elizabeth R.; Turner-Brown, Lauren M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Freuler, AC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Bondurant Hall,CB 7122, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Mazurek, Micah O. TI Video game access, parental rules, and problem behavior: A study of boys with autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; in-room media; oppositional behavior; video game rules; video games ID MEDIA USE; CHILDREN; TELEVISION; ADOLESCENTS; BEDROOM; OVERWEIGHT; HABITS; RISK; TIME; AGE AB Environmental correlates of problem behavior among individuals with autism spectrum disorder remain relatively understudied. The current study examined the contribution of in-room (i.e. bedroom) access to a video game console as one potential correlate of problem behavior among a sample of 169 boys with autism spectrum disorder (ranging from 8 to 18 years of age). Parents of these children reported on (1) whether they had specific rules regulating their child's video game use, (2) whether their child had in-room access to a variety of screen-based media devices (television, computer, and video game console), and (3) their child's oppositional behaviors. Multivariate regression models showed that in-room access to a video game console predicted oppositional behavior while controlling for in-room access to other media devices (computer and television) and relevant variables (e. g. average number of video game hours played per day). Additionally, the association between in-room access to a video game console and oppositional behavior was particularly large when parents reported no rules on their child's video game use. The current findings indicate that both access and parental rules regarding video games warrant future experimental and longitudinal research as they relate to problem behavior in boys with autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Engelhardt, Christopher R.; Mazurek, Micah O.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Engelhardt, CR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol Sci, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. 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Ronald, Angelica Happe, Francesca TI Pathological demand avoidance: Exploring the behavioural profile SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE atypical autism; autism spectrum disorder; conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits; pathological demand avoidance; phenotype ID CONDUCT PROBLEMS; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD; AUTISM; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADHD; TWIN AB 'Pathological Demand Avoidance' is a term increasingly used by practitioners in the United Kingdom. It was coined to describe a profile of obsessive resistance to everyday demands and requests, with a tendency to resort to 'socially manipulative' behaviour, including outrageous or embarrassing acts. Pathological demand avoidance is thought to share aspects of social impairment with autism spectrum disorders, but autism spectrum disorder-appropriate strategies, such as routine and repetition, are described as unhelpful. Outrageous acts and lack of concern for their effects draw parallels with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. However, reward-based techniques, effective with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits, seem not to work in pathological demand avoidance. Despite increasing interest and controversy over the pathological demand avoidance label, there is only one published study to date. We present the first systematic comparison of the behavioural profile of children receiving the term pathological demand avoidance (N = 25) to children with autism spectrum disorders (N = 39) or conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits (N = 28), using parent-report indices of psychopathology. The pathological demand avoidance group displayed comparable levels of autistic traits and peer problems to the autism spectrum disorders group and anti-social traits approaching those seen in the conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits group. Emotional symptoms in pathological demand avoidance exceeded both comparison groups. Findings highlight the extreme behavioural impairment associated with pathological demand avoidance and the need to explore whether behavioural overlap reflects a similar neurocognitive basis to existing groups. C1 [O'Nions, Elizabeth; Viding, Essi; Greven, Corina U.; Happe, Francesca] Kings Coll London, London SE5 8AF, England. [Viding, Essi] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Greven, Corina U.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Ronald, Angelica] Birkbeck, London, England. RP O'Nions, E (reprint author), Kings Coll London, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Hunter, Samuel T. TI Enhancing work outcomes of employees with autism spectrum disorder through leadership: Leadership for employees with autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; job attitudes; leadership; performance ID TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP; CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP; TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP; TASK PREFERENCES; ADULTS; EMPLOYMENT; CONSEQUENCES; ORGANIZATION; METAANALYSIS; ANTECEDENTS AB The focus of this study was to identify leader behaviors that elicit successful engagement of employees with autism spectrum disorder, a population that is powerfully emerging into the workplace. The ultimate goal was to improve the quality of life of employees with autism spectrum disorder by facilitating an environment leading to their success. 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A., 2010, LEADERSHIP ORG NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1177/1362361313483020 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ3JP UT WOS:000337562700009 PM 23886575 ER PT J AU Swanson, AR Warren, ZE Stone, WL Vehorn, AC Dohrmann, E Humberd, Q AF Swanson, Amy R. Warren, Zachary E. Stone, Wendy L. Vehorn, Alison C. Dohrmann, Elizabeth Humberd, Quentin TI The diagnosis of autism in community pediatric settings: Does advanced training facilitate practice change? SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; diagnosis; screening ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; CHILDREN; TODDLERS; STAT; AGE AB The increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and documented benefits of early intensive intervention have created a need for flexible systems for determining eligibility for autism-specific services. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a training program designed to enhance autism spectrum disorder identification and assessment within community pediatric settings across the state. Twenty-seven pediatric providers participated in regional trainings across a 3.5-year period. Trainings provided clinicians with strategies for conducting relatively brief within-practice interactive assessments following positive autism spectrum disorder screenings. Program evaluation was measured approximately 1.5 years following training through (a) clinician self-reports of practice change and (b) blind diagnostic verification of a subset of children assessed. Pediatric providers participating in the training reported significant changes in screening and consultation practices following training, with a reported 85% increase in diagnostic identification of children with autism spectrum disorder within their own practice setting. In addition, substantial agreement (86%-93%) was found between pediatrician diagnostic judgments and independent, comprehensive blinded diagnostic evaluations. Collaborative training methods that allow autism spectrum disorder identification within broader community pediatric settings may help translate enhanced screening initiatives into more effective and efficient diagnosis and treatment. C1 [Swanson, Amy R.; Warren, Zachary E.; Vehorn, Alison C.; Dohrmann, Elizabeth] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Stone, Wendy L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Humberd, Quentin] Blanchfield Army Community Hosp, Fort Campbell, KY 42223 USA. RP Warren, ZE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat Psychiat & Special Educ, PMB 74,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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Shattuck, Paul T. Cooper, Benjamin P. Roux, Anne M. Wagner, Mary TI Prevalence and correlates of postsecondary residential status among young adults with an autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE adult; autism; residence; transition ID EMERGING ADULTHOOD; UNITED-STATES; TRANSITION; CHILDREN; HOME; POPULATION; PATTERNS; SCHOOL; YOUTH; LIFE AB This study examined the prevalence and correlates of three living arrangements (with a parent or guardian, independently or with a roommate, or in a supervised setting) among a nationally representative sample of postsecondary young adults with an autism spectrum disorder. We assessed living arrangements since leaving high school. Compared with young adults with other disability types (learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, or emotional disturbances), those with an autism spectrum disorder were more likely to have lived with a parent or guardian and least likely ever to have lived independently since leaving high school. Members of the autism spectrum disorder group were less likely to have ever lived elsewhere and more likely to live under supervision since leaving high school compared to persons with emotional disturbances and learning disabilities. Group differences persisted after controlling for functional ability and demographic characteristics. Correlates of residential independence included being White, having better conversation ability and functional skills, and having a higher household income. Further research is needed to investigate how these residential trends relate to the quality of life among families and young adults. C1 [Anderson, Kristy A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. 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L., 2010, J VOCATIONAL REHABIL, V33, P101 Yeargin-Allsopp M, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P49, DOI 10.1001/jama.289.1.49 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 EI 1461-7005 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 562 EP 570 DI 10.1177/1362361313481860 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ3JP UT WOS:000337562700011 PM 23996904 ER PT J AU Frazier, TW Youngstrom, EA Embacher, R Hardan, AY Constantino, JN Law, P Findling, RL Eng, C AF Frazier, Thomas W. Youngstrom, Eric A. Embacher, Rebecca Hardan, Antonio Y. Constantino, John N. Law, Paul Findling, Robert L. Eng, Charis TI Demographic and clinical correlates of autism symptom domains and autism spectrum diagnosis SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; autism symptoms; diagnosis; prediction ID SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS SCALE; GENERAL-POPULATION; CHILDREN; TRAITS; DISORDERS; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; CRITERIA; TWIN; AGE AB Demographic and clinical factors may influence assessment of autism symptoms. This study evaluated these correlates and also examined whether social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior provided unique prediction of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. We analyzed data from 7352 siblings included in the Interactive Autism Network registry. Social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior symptoms were obtained using caregiver-reports on the Social Responsiveness Scale. Demographic and clinical correlates were covariates in regression models predicting social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior symptoms. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses evaluated the incremental validity of social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior domains over and above global autism symptoms. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was the strongest correlate of caregiver-reported social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior symptoms. The presence of comorbid diagnoses also increased symptom levels. Social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior symptoms provided significant, but modest, incremental validity in predicting diagnosis beyond global autism symptoms. These findings suggest that autism spectrum disorder diagnosis is by far the largest determinant of quantitatively measured autism symptoms. Externalizing (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and internalizing (anxiety) behavior, low cognitive ability, and demographic factors may confound caregiver-report of autism symptoms, potentially necessitating a continuous norming approach to the revision of symptom measures. Social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior symptoms may provide incremental validity in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Frazier, Thomas W.; Embacher, Rebecca; Eng, Charis] Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44104 USA. [Youngstrom, Eric A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Constantino, John N.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Law, Paul] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Findling, Robert L.] Univ Hosp Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Frazier, TW (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism CRS10, 2801 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44104 USA. 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Mandell, David S. TI Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review SO AUTISM LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorders; delayed diagnosis; early diagnosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PRIMARY-CARE; PREVALENCE; PARENTS; POPULATION; HEALTH; COMMUNICATION; RECOGNITION; MEDICAID AB The diagnosis of autism is often delayed, which translates into a missed opportunity to provide treatment during a critical developmental period. This study reviews studies that assessed factors associated with age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and provides recommendations on future research, programs, and policies to improve early detection. A search for all peer-reviewed articles containing the words autism, age, and diagnosis in either the title or abstract was performed. A total of 42 studies published from January 1990 through March 2012 were identified. Mean age at diagnosis for all autism spectrum disorders ranged from 38 to 120 months and has decreased over time. Factors associated with earlier diagnosis included greater symptom severity, high socioeconomic status, and greater parental concern about initial symptoms. Family interactions with the health and education systems prior to diagnosis also influenced age at diagnosis. Geographic variation in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was identified in a number of studies, suggesting that community resources and state policies play a role in early identification. Early detection efforts should include enhanced parental and provider education on the early recognition of developmental problems, interventions aimed at streamlining the process from first concern to eventual diagnosis, and strategies that target underserved populations. C1 [Daniels, Amy M.] Autism Speaks, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Swanson, Amy Sarkar, Nilanjan Warren, Zachary E. TI Pilot clinical application of an adaptive robotic system for young children with autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; joint attention; robotics; technology ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; MOBILE ROBOT; INTERVENTIONS; IMITATION AB It has been argued that clinical applications of advanced technology may hold promise for addressing impairments associated with autism spectrum disorders. This pilot feasibility study evaluated the application of a novel adaptive robot-mediated system capable of both administering and automatically adjusting joint attention prompts to a small group of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (n = 6) and a control group (n = 6). Children in both groups spent more time looking at the humanoid robot and were able to achieve a high level of accuracy across trials. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1004 EP 1013 DI 10.1111/cmi.12301 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Microbiology SC Cell Biology; Microbiology GA AJ4SY UT WOS:000337667600003 PM 24720613 ER PT J AU Latta, A Rampton, T Rosemann, J Peterson, M Mandleco, B Dyches, T Roper, S AF Latta, A. Rampton, T. Rosemann, J. Peterson, M. Mandleco, B. Dyches, T. Roper, S. TI Snapshots reflecting the lives of siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; qualitative; siblings ID BEHAVIORAL-ADJUSTMENT; PHOTO-ELICITATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; COPING STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUALS; PHOTOGRAPHY; PERCEPTIONS; STRESS; LIFE; EXPERIENCES AB Background Past research focused on the effects of raising a child with autism spectrum disorder on families. However, most research examined parents' perspectives rather than siblings' perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive design was to use photo elicitation to capture perspectives of siblings living with a child with autism spectrum disorder. Methods Fourteen siblings (nine male) of 13 children with autism spectrum disorder received disposable cameras with 24-27 colour exposures, and were asked to photograph what was important to them within 2 weeks. After developing snapshots, investigators interviewed siblings about their photographs, and used open, axial and selective coding to determine photograph categories and subcategories. Results Two major categories were found: people (family members, non-family members) and non-people (personal items/objects, animals, buildings, scenery). Interviews about photographs reflected experiences siblings had with people/non-people in the snapshots and their normal everyday activities. Most photographs revealed family life and activities any sibling would experience whether or not they lived in a family raising a child with autism spectrum disorder. Conclusions Photo elicitation facilitates communication between children and health-care professionals, and provides information about living with a child with autism spectrum disorder from the sibling's perspective. This information contributes to our knowledge base and allows development of specific intervention plans for siblings of these children. C1 [Latta, A.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rampton, T.] Alaska Hlth Fairs, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rosemann, J.] Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. [Peterson, M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Mandleco, B.] Brigham Young Univ, Coll Nursing, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Dyches, T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Counseling Psychol & Special Educ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1111/cch.12100 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Pediatrics GA AJ3EC UT WOS:000337547500008 PM 23952538 ER PT J AU Huber, S Fieder, M AF Huber, Susanne Fieder, Martin TI Advanced paternal age is associated with lower facial attractiveness SO EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Paternal age; Education; Early life; Attractiveness; Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; RISK; SCHIZOPHRENIA; POPULATION; DEPRESSION; AUTISM; COHORT AB In view of disease risk, Kong et al. (2012) demonstrated that most of the new mutations are explained by the age of the father at conception. Accordingly, paternal age effects have been found for a variety of offspring traits, from physical and mental health to intelligence. Here, we investigated whether facial attractiveness is significantly associated with paternal age. We used the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n = 4018 male and 4416 female high school graduates) to analyze the association between an individual's father's age at birth and that individual's facial attractiveness (estimated by rating the high school yearbook photographs from 1957), controlling for sex, age as well as mother's age. We find that subject's facial attractiveness decreased with advancing paternal but not maternal age, suggesting that facial attractiveness might be a cue of an individual's new mutation load. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huber, Susanne; Fieder, Martin] Univ Vienna, Dept Anthropol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Huber, S (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Anthropol, Althanstr 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM susanne.huber@univie.ac.at FU National Institute of Aging [AG-9775, AG-21079, AG-033285]; Vilas Estate Trust; National Science Foundation; Spencer Foundation; Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin-Madison FX We thank Geoffrey Miller and the other anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments and suggestions. This research uses data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Since 1991, the WLS has been supported principally by the National Institute of Aging (AG-9775 AG-21079 and AG-033285), with additional support from the Vilas Estate Trust, the National Science Foundation, the Spencer Foundation, and the Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A public use file of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study is available from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and at http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/wlsresearch/data/. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors. 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C1 [Gizzonio, Valentina; Avanzini, Pietro; Campi, Cristina; Rizzolatti, Giacomo] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Neurosci, Sez Fisiol, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Fabbri-Destro, Maddalena; Rizzolatti, Giacomo] Italian Inst Technol, Brain Ctr Social & Motor Cognit, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Rizzolatti, G (reprint author), Univ Parma, Dipartimento Neurosci, Sez Fisiol, Via Volturno 39-E, I-43100 Parma, Italy. EM giacomo.rizzolatti@unipr.it FU ERC [250013] FX VG, PA and CC were supported by ERC Grant Cogsystem to GR, contract no. 250013. We thank Dr. Fabio Sambataro and Sonia Boria for critical reading and for their remarks on previous versions of the manuscript. A special thanks to the staff of the Pediatric Neuropsychiatry of Empoli, of the rehabilitation center for autism "Centro Mai Soli" in Genova, of the Institute of Rehabilitation "Village Eugenio Litta," Grottaferrata, Roma, and of the Autism Center of Parma for their invaluable collaboration in data collection. We also thank the staff and families of IV Circolo "Risorgimento - San Berardo" primary school in Teramo for providing the control group. Last but not least, thanks to all the children and their families for the availability and patience. 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Brain Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 232 IS 7 BP 2381 EP 2390 DI 10.1007/s00221-014-3935-8 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AJ6GK UT WOS:000337788600031 PM 24710667 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, MR Scott, JA Bauman, MD Schumann, CM Amaral, DG AF Hunsaker, Michael R. Scott, Julia A. Bauman, Melissa D. Schumann, Cynthia M. Amaral, David G. TI Postnatal development of the hippocampus in the Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study SO HIPPOCAMPUS LA English DT Article DE Rhesus macaque; magnetic resonance imaging; hippocampus; longitudinal development; primate model ID NEONATAL AMYGDALA LESIONS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; DENTATE GYRUS; TEMPORAL-LOBE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; MONKEYS; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Nonhuman primates are widely used models to investigate the neural substrates of human behavior, including the development of higher cognitive and affective function. Due to their neuroanatomical and behavioral homologies with humans, the rhesus macaque monkey (Macaca mulatta) provides an excellent animal model in which to characterize the maturation of brain structures from birth through adulthood and into senescence. To evaluate hippocampal development in rhesus macaques, structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained longitudinally at 9 time points between 1 week and 260 weeks (5 years) of age on 24 rhesus macaque monkeys (12 males, 12 females). In our sample, the hippocampus reaches 50% of its adult volume by 13 weeks of age and reaches an adult volume by 52 weeks in both males and females. The hippocampus appears to be slightly larger at 3 years than at 5 years of age. Male rhesus macaques have larger hippocampi than females from 8 weeks onward by approximately 5%. Interestingly, there was increased variability in hemispheric asymmetry for hippocampus volumes at younger ages than at later ages. These data provide a comprehensive evaluation of the longitudinal development of male and female rhesus macaque hippocampus across development from 1 week to 5 years of age. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Hunsaker, Michael R.; Scott, Julia A.; Bauman, Melissa D.; Schumann, Cynthia M.; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hunsaker, Michael R.; Bauman, Melissa D.; Schumann, Cynthia M.; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Scott, Julia A.] Univ Calif Davis, Program Neurosci, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Bauman, Melissa D.; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Amaral, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM dgamaral@ucdavis.edu FU NIH [R01 NS016980, R37 MH57502] FX Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant number: R01 NS016980 and R37 MH57502. 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Two types of features are extracted to characterize the morphological patterns: (1) Regional features, which includes the cortical thickness, volumes of cortical gray matter, and cortical-associated white matter regions, and several subcortical structures extracted from different regions-of-interest (ROIs); (2) Interregional features, which convey the morphological change pattern between pairs of ROIs. We demonstrate that the integration of regional and interregional features via multi-kernel learning technique can significantly improve the classification performance of ASD, compared with using either regional or interregional features alone. Specifically, the proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 96.27% and an area of 0.9952 under the receiver operating characteristic curve, indicating excellent diagnostic power and generalizability. The best performance is achieved when both feature types are weighted approximately equal, indicating complementary between these two feature types. Regions that contributed the most to classification are in line with those reported in the previous studies, particularly the subcortical structures that are highly associated with human emotional modulation and memory formation. The autistic brains demonstrate a significant rightward asymmetry pattern particularly in the auditory language areas. These findings are in agreement with the fact that ASD is a behavioral- and language-related neurodevelopmental disorder. By concurrent consideration of both regional and interregional features, the current work presents an effective means for better characterization of neurobiological underpinnings of ASD that facilitates its identification from typically developing children. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3414-3430, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wee, Chong-Yaw; Wang, Li; Shi, Feng; Yap, Pew-Thian; Shen, Dinggang] Univ N Carolina, Image Display Enhancement & Anal IDEA Lab, BRIC, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Shen, Dinggang] Korea Univ, Dept Brain & Cognit Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dgshen@med.unc.edu FU National Institute of Health [EB006733, EB008374, EB009634, MH088520, AG041721]; National Research Foundation grant - Korean government [2012-005741] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Health; Contract grant numbers: EB006733, EB008374, EB009634, MH088520, AG041721; Contract grant sponsor: National Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean government; Contract grant number: 2012-005741. 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Brain Mapp. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 3414 EP 3430 DI 10.1002/hbm.22411 PG 17 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AJ5SC UT WOS:000337746800041 PM 25050428 ER PT J AU Tan, RJ Wang, YD Kleinstein, SE Liu, YZ Zhu, XL Guo, HZ Jiang, QH Allen, AS Zhu, MF AF Tan, Renjie Wang, Yadong Kleinstein, Sarah E. Liu, Yongzhuang Zhu, Xiaolin Guo, Hongzhe Jiang, Qinghua Allen, Andrew S. Zhu, Mingfu TI An Evaluation of Copy Number Variation Detection Tools from Whole-Exome Sequencing Data SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE copy number variation; whole-exome sequencing; whole-genome sequencing; evaluation studies ID STRUCTURAL VARIATION; HUMAN GENOME; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; POPULATION-SCALE; DISCOVERY; AUTISM; SPECTRUM; DISEASE; POLYMORPHISM; ALGORITHM AB Copy number variation (CNV) has been found to play an important role in human disease. Next-generation sequencing technology, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), has become a primary strategy for studying the genetic basis of human disease. Several CNV calling tools have recently been developed on the basis of WES data. However, the comparative performance of these tools using real data remains unclear. An objective evaluation study of these tools in practical research situations would be beneficial. Here, we evaluated four well-known WES-based CNV detection tools (XHMM, CoNIFER, ExomeDepth, and CONTRA) using real data generated in house. After evaluation using six metrics, we found that the sensitive and accurate detection of CNVs in WES data remains challenging despite the many algorithms available. Each algorithm has its own strengths and weaknesses. None of the exome-based CNV calling methods performed well in all situations; in particular, compared with CNVs identified from high coverage WGS data from the same samples, all tools suffered from limited power. Our evaluation provides a comprehensive and objective comparison of several well-known detection tools designed for WES data, which will assist researchers in choosing the most suitable tools for their research needs. C1 [Tan, Renjie; Wang, Yadong; Liu, Yongzhuang; Guo, Hongzhe; Jiang, Qinghua] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Ctr Biomed Informat, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. [Tan, Renjie; Kleinstein, Sarah E.; Liu, Yongzhuang; Zhu, Xiaolin; Guo, Hongzhe; Allen, Andrew S.; Zhu, Mingfu] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genome Variat, Durham, NC USA. [Kleinstein, Sarah E.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC USA. [Allen, Andrew S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. [Zhu, Mingfu] Tute Genom, Provo, UT USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Ctr Biomed Informat, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@hit.edu.cn; mingfu@tutegenomics.com FU Natural Science Foundation of China [61102149, 61173085]; China Scholarship Council FX Contract grant sponsors: The Natural Science Foundation of China (61102149 and 61173085); The China Scholarship Council. 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L., 1967, EYE MOVEMENTS VISION Yu C, 2011, COGNITION, V125, P244 Yu C, 2011, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V14, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00958.x YUODELIS C, 1986, VISION RES, V26, P847, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(86)90143-4 NR 121 TC 2 Z9 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1525-0008 EI 1532-7078 J9 INFANCY JI Infancy PD JUL PY 2014 VL 19 IS 4 BP 352 EP 384 DI 10.1111/infa.12049 PG 33 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA AJ3RP UT WOS:000337585200002 ER PT J AU El Khatib, AA El Tekeya, MM El Tantawi, MA Omar, T AF El Khatib, Amira A. El Tekeya, Magda M. El Tantawi, Maha A. Omar, Tarek TI Oral health status and behaviours of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a case-control study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENTAL PATIENTS; MANAGEMENT AB Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neuro-developmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social interactions and communication and by stereotyped, repetitive activities. Purpose. Assess the oral health status and behaviours of children with ASD. Methods. The study included 100 children with ASD and 100 healthy children from Alexandria, Egypt. Data were collected using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Questionnaire assessed socio-demographics, medical history, dental history, oral hygiene, dietary habits, and presence of self-injurious behaviours. Clinical examination assessed behaviour during examination, gingival condition, plaque accumulation, caries, and other oral conditions. Results. Children with ASD had significantly poorer oral hygiene and gingival condition than healthy children (P < 0.001 for both). No significant differences were found in caries prevalence or experience in primary or permanent dentition. More children with ASD behaved 'negatively' or 'definitely negatively' (37% and 11%) than did healthy controls (11% and 2%) (P < 0.0001). Self-injurious behaviour and bruxism were more practised by children with ASD (32% of children with ASD and 2% of healthy children, P < 0.001). More children with ASD had difficulty in accessing dental care (P = 0.002). Conclusions. The oral condition of children with ASD might increase the risk of developing dental diseases. Their behaviour and life factors may complicate provision of services and limit access to dental care. Therefore, individualized oral health education programmes should be implemented for those children. C1 [El Khatib, Amira A.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Dent, Dept Pediat Dent, Alexandria 21121, Egypt. [El Tekeya, Magda M.; El Tantawi, Maha A.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Dent, Dent Publ Hlth Dept, Alexandria 21121, Egypt. [Omar, Tarek] Univ Alexandria, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Alexandria 21121, Egypt. 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J. Paediatr. Dent. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 314 EP 323 DI 10.1111/ipd.12067 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA AJ5CR UT WOS:000337699400008 PM 24750459 ER PT J AU Philippi, CL Koenigs, M AF Philippi, Carissa L. Koenigs, Michael TI The neuropsychology of self-reflection in psychiatric illness SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Self-reflection; Psychiatric illness; Depression; Anxiety; Psychopathy; Autism; Neuropsychology; Rest-state functional neuroimaging; Medial prefrontal cortex; Default mode network ID DEFAULT-MODE NETWORK; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; FOCUSED ATTENTION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS; BEHAVIORAL VARIANT AB The development of robust neuropsychological measures of social and affective function-which link critical dimensions of mental health to their underlying neural circuitry-could be a key step in achieving a more pathophysiologically-based approach to psychiatric medicine. In this article, we summarize research indicating that self-reflection (the inward attention to personal thoughts, memories, feelings, and actions) may be a useful model for developing such a paradigm, as there is evidence that self-reflection is (1) measurable with self-report scales and performance-based tests, (2) linked to the activity of a specific neural circuit, and (3) dimensionally related to mental health and various forms of psychopathology. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Philippi, Carissa L.; Koenigs, Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Philippi, CL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, 6001 Res Pk Blvd, Madison, WI 53719 USA. EM cphilippi@wisc.edu; mrkoenigs@wisc.edu FU NIH [_100000002, T32MH018931-23, MH086787] FX This work was supported by NIH (_100000002) grants T32MH018931-23 and MH086787. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 54 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.004 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AJ4MA UT WOS:000337649300007 PM 24685311 ER PT J AU Froehlich-Santino, W Tobon, AL Cleveland, S Torres, A Phillips, J Cohen, B Torigoe, T Miller, J Fedele, A Collins, J Smith, K Lotspeich, L Croen, LA Ozonoff, S Lajonchere, C Grether, JK O'Hara, R Hallmayer, J AF Froehlich-Santino, Wendy Tobon, Amalia Londono Cleveland, Sue Torres, Andrea Phillips, Jennifer Cohen, Brianne Torigoe, Tiffany Miller, Janet Fedele, Angie Collins, Jack Smith, Karen Lotspeich, Linda Croen, Lisa A. Ozonoff, Sally Lajonchere, Clara Grether, Judith K. O'Hara, Ruth Hallmayer, Joachim TI Prenatal and perinatal risk factors in a twin study of autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Prenatal; Perinatal; Pregnancy complications; Twins; Environment ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SEX-DIFFERENCES; COMPREHENSIVE METAANALYSIS; COGNITIVE RECOVERY; MATERNAL AGE; FETAL SEX; HYPOXIA; PROGESTERONE; OUTCOMES AB Introduction: Multiple studies associate prenatal and perinatal complications with increased risks for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The objectives of this study were to utilize a twin study design to 1) Investigate whether shared gestational and perinatal factors increase concordance for ASDs in twins, 2) Determine whether individual neonatal factors are associated with the presence of ASDs in twins, and 3) Explore whether associated factors may influence males and females differently. Methods: Data from medical records and parent response questionnaires from 194 twin pairs, in which at least one twin had an ASD, were analyzed. Results: Shared factors including parental age, prenatal use of medications, uterine bleeding, and prematurity did not increase concordance risks for ASDs in twins. Among the individual factors, respiratory distress demonstrated the strongest association with increased risk for ASDs in the group as a whole (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.27-3.51). Furthermore, respiratory distress (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.12-4.67) and other markers of hypoxia (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.04-3.80) were associated with increased risks for ASDs in males, while jaundice was associated with an increased risk for ASDs in females (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.28-6.74). Conclusions: Perinatal factors associated with respiratory distress and other markers of hypoxia appear to increase risk for autism in a subgroup of twins. Future studies examining potential gender differences and additional prenatal, perinatal and postnatal environmental factors are required for elucidating the etiology of ASDs and suggesting new methods for treatment and prevention. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Froehlich-Santino, Wendy; Tobon, Amalia Londono; Cleveland, Sue; Torres, Andrea; Phillips, Jennifer; Lotspeich, Linda; O'Hara, Ruth; Hallmayer, Joachim] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cohen, Brianne; Torigoe, Tiffany; Miller, Janet; Fedele, Angie; Lajonchere, Clara] Autism Speaks, Autism Genet Resource Exchange, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Collins, Jack; Croen, Lisa A.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Smith, Karen] Impact Assessment Inc, La Jolla, CA USA. [Ozonoff, Sally] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Grether, Judith K.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA. RP Froehlich-Santino, W (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM wendyf@stanford.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health, United States [R01MH067005]; Autism Speaks, United States FX a. Grant Sponsor: National Institute of Mental Health, United States; Grant number: R01MH067005,b. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 32 IS 4 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1177/0734282913517525 PG 5 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA AJ3VV UT WOS:000337596900008 ER PT J AU Schneider, C Taylor, D Zalsman, G Frangou, S Kyriakopoulos, M AF Schneider, Carolina Taylor, David Zalsman, Gil Frangou, Sophia Kyriakopoulos, Marinos TI Antipsychotics use in children and adolescents: An on-going challenge in clinical practice SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Antipsychotic medication; children; adolescents; bipolar; schizophrenia; autism; adverse effects ID CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; TERM RISPERIDONE TREATMENT; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; BIPOLAR I DISORDER; DOUBLE-BLIND; OPEN-LABEL; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER AB Antipsychotic medications (APs) are a well-established pharmacological treatment in adults with serious mental health problems. However, many adult mental health disorders have their origins and onset in childhood or adolescence. The understanding that neuropsychiatric conditions of childhood are in part biologically determined, led to an increase in the number of clinical trials supporting evidence on the efficacy of antipsychotic agents as first-line treatment for childhood psychotic disorders and therapeutic augmentation of nonpsychotic conditions. In recent years the use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents for neurodevelopmental, behavioural and psychiatric disorders has significantly increased while the age of prescription has decreased. These trends have not been matched by advances in the understanding of APs' safety profile in this group of patients. It is therefore crucial that current and future practice is informed by up-to-date synthesis of the evidence and clinical guidelines about the use and monitoring of these treatments in paediatric populations, since the effectiveness of early therapeutic interventions in children can affect positively the long-term outcome. C1 [Schneider, Carolina; Kyriakopoulos, Marinos] South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Natl & Specialist Acorn Lodge Childrens Unit, London, England. [Schneider, Carolina; Taylor, David; Kyriakopoulos, Marinos] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Taylor, David] South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Pharm, London, England. [Zalsman, Gil] Tel Aviv Univ, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Zalsman, Gil] Columbia Univ, Mol Imaging & Neuropathol Div, New York, NY USA. [Frangou, Sophia; Kyriakopoulos, Marinos] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Kyriakopoulos, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Natl & Specialist Acorn Lodge Inpatient Childrens, P066,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM marinos.kyriakopoulos@kcl.ac.uk FU European Community [279227] FX This review has been supported by funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 279227. The funding agency has had no input in any aspect of data review, interpretation and manuscript writing. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1177/0269881114533599 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA AJ3PX UT WOS:000337580300001 ER PT J AU Ghaleiha, A Ghyasvand, M Mohammadi, MR Farokhnia, M Yadegari, N Tabrizi, M Hajiaghaee, R Yekehtaz, H Akhondzadeh, S AF Ghaleiha, Ali Ghyasvand, Mohammad Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza Farokhnia, Mehdi Yadegari, Noorollah Tabrizi, Mina Hajiaghaee, Reza Yekehtaz, Habibeh Akhondzadeh, Shahin TI Galantamine efficacy and tolerability as an augmentative therapy in autistic children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; autism; cholinergic; galantamine; irritability; nicotinic receptor; randomized controlled trial; risperidone; social withdrawal ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; ALLOSTERIC POTENTIATING LIGAND; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; RISPERIDONE; BRAIN; ABNORMALITIES; ATTENTION; SYSTEMS; DYSFUNCTION AB The role of cholinergic abnormalities in autism was recently evidenced and there is a growing interest in cholinergic modulation, emerging for targeting autistic symptoms. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an allosteric potentiator of nicotinic receptors. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of galantamine as an augmentative therapy to risperidone, in autistic children. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 40 outpatients aged 4-12 years whom had a diagnosis of autism (DSM IV-TR) and a score of 12 or higher on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) Irritability subscale were equally randomized to receive either galantamine (up to 24 mg/day) or placebo, in addition to risperidone (up to 2 mg/day), for 10 weeks. We rated participants by ABC-C and a side effects checklist, at baseline and at weeks 5 and 10. By the study endpoint, the galantamine-treated patients showed significantly greater improvement in the Irritability (P = 0.017) and Lethargy/Social Withdrawal (P = 0.005) subscales than the placebo group. The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant. In conclusion, galantamine augmentation was shown to be a relatively effective and safe augmentative strategy for alleviating some of the autism-related symptoms. C1 [Ghaleiha, Ali] Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Behav Disorders & Substance Abuse, Hamadan, Iran. [Ghyasvand, Mohammad; Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza; Farokhnia, Mehdi; Yadegari, Noorollah; Yekehtaz, Habibeh; Akhondzadeh, Shahin] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Roozbeh Hosp, Psychiat Res Ctr, Tehran 13337, Iran. [Tabrizi, Mina] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Med Genet, Tehran 13337, Iran. [Hajiaghaee, Reza] Inst Med Plants, Med Plants Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran. RP Akhondzadeh, S (reprint author), Univ Tehran Med Sci, Roozbeh Psychiat Hosp, Psychiat Res Ctr, South Kargar St, Tehran 13337, Iran. EM s.akhond@neda.net FU Tehran University of Medical Sciences [13216] FX This work was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant number 13216 to SA). The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; nor in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data; nor in the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; nor in the decision to submit the paper for publication. 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Psychopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1177/0269881113508830 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA AJ3PX UT WOS:000337580300008 ER PT J AU Feinstein, NW AF Feinstein, Noah Weeth TI Making sense of autism: Progressive engagement with science among parents of young, recently diagnosed autistic children SO PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE engagement mapping; lay expertise; public engagement; public understanding of science; scientific literacy; sociology of health and illness ID PARTICIPATION; BEHAVIOR AB This exploratory study examines the significance of science to parents whose children were recently diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. It asks: (1) In what manner did science emerge in parents' concerns and resources as they attempted to understand and advocate for their children? (2) Did some parents engage with science in a qualitatively deeper or more intense manner? Using longitudinal data from interviews and a novel data collection strategy called engagement mapping, it shows that parents asked questions and used resources that were strongly associated with science, but these were vastly outnumbered by "near-science" concerns and resources that mingled meanings from science and daily life. Several parents in the study wove together concerns and resources in an iterative pattern referred to here as progressive engagement with science. C1 [Feinstein, Noah Weeth] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Feinstein, Noah Weeth] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Community & Environm Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Feinstein, NW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, 225 North Mills St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 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Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 23 IS 5 BP 592 EP 609 DI 10.1177/0963662512455296 PG 18 WC Communication; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Communication; History & Philosophy of Science GA AJ3PA UT WOS:000337577800007 PM 25414924 ER PT J AU Sarasua, SM Boccuto, L Sharp, JL Dwivedi, A Chen, CF Rollins, JD Rogers, RC Phelan, K DuPont, BR AF Sarasua, Sara M. Boccuto, Luigi Sharp, Julia L. Dwivedi, Alka Chen, Chin-Fu Rollins, Jonathan D. Rogers, R. Curtis Phelan, Katy DuPont, Barbara R. TI Clinical and genomic evaluation of 201 patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID 22Q13.3 DELETION SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INVERTED DUPLICATION; TERMINAL DELETION; SHANK3; GENE; MUTATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; BREAKPOINT; GROWTH AB This study is the first to describe age-related changes in a large cohort of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), also known as 22q13 deletion syndrome. Over a follow-up period of up to 12 years, physical examinations and structured interviews were conducted for 201 individuals diagnosed with PMS, 120 patients had a focused, high-resolution 22q12q13 array CGH, and 92 patients' deletions were assessed for parent-of-origin. 22q13 genomic anomalies include terminal deletions of 22q13 (89 %), terminal deletions and interstitial duplications (9 %), and interstitial deletions (2 %). Considering different age groups, in older patients, behavioral problems tended to subside, developmental abilities improved, and some features such as large or fleshy hands, full or puffy eyelids, hypotonia, lax ligaments, and hyperextensible joints were less frequent. However, the proportion reporting an autism spectrum disorder, seizures, and cellulitis, or presenting with lymphedema or abnormal reflexes increased with age. Some neurologic and dysmorphic features such as speech and developmental delay and macrocephaly correlated with deletion size. Deletion sizes in more recently diagnosed patients tend to be smaller than those diagnosed a decade earlier. Seventy-three percent of de novo deletions were of paternal origin. Seizures were reported three times more often among patients with a de novo deletion of the maternal rather than paternal chromosome 22. This analysis improves the understanding of the clinical presentation and natural history of PMS and can serve as a reference for the prevalence of clinical features in the syndrome. C1 [Sarasua, Sara M.; Boccuto, Luigi; Dwivedi, Alka; Chen, Chin-Fu; Rollins, Jonathan D.; Rogers, R. Curtis; DuPont, Barbara R.] Greenwood Genet Ctr, Off Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. [Sharp, Julia L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Phelan, Katy] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Hayward Genet Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Phelan, Katy] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Sarasua, SM (reprint author), Greenwood Genet Ctr, Off Bioinformat & Epidemiol, 101 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. EM ssarasua@ggc.org FU Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Foundation; Genetics Endowment of South Carolina; South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs FX This work was supported, in part, by a fellowship to SMS from the Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Foundation; the Genetics Endowment of South Carolina; and the South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs. 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TI Road to Readiness Pathways From Low-Income Children's Early Interactions to School Readiness Skills SO INFANTS & YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE joint attention; low-income; parent-child interaction; school readiness ID EARLY LITERACY DEVELOPMENT; INFANT JOINT ATTENTION; EARLY HEAD-START; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EMOTION REGULATION; LANGUAGE; AUTISM; PREDICTORS; TODDLERS AB This study utilized data from the Michigan component of the National Early Head Start Research and Evaluation study to examine toddlers' joint attention at 14 months (parent report measure of toddlers' initiating behaviors, e. g., extends arm to show you something he or she is holding, reaches out and gives you a toy he or she has been holding, and points at something interesting) as a mediator of the relations between early mother-child interactions (e. g., mother and child behaviors in response to one another's cues) and later school readiness skills in a low-income sample (N = 127 mother-child dyads). Understanding relations between early parent-child interactions, joint attention, and later school readiness skills is critical to identifying developmental paths of economically at-risk children. Results showed that toddlers' joint attention behaviors at 14 months partially mediated the path between mother-child interaction at 14 months and later school readiness, measured by children's emotion regulation, social-cognition, language development, and literacy and mathematics academic outcomes, at approximately 5 years of age. Results suggest the important roles of early mother-child interactions in low-income families and joint attention in promoting school readiness skills. C1 [Martoccio, Tiffany L.; Brophy-Herb, Holly E.; Onaga, Esther E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Martoccio, TL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, 552 W Circle Dr,7 Human Ecol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1097/IYC.0000000000000014 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA AI9YF UT WOS:000337303100001 ER PT J AU Vilaseca, R Ferrer, F Olmos, JG AF Vilaseca, Rosa Ferrer, Fina Guardia Olmos, Joan TI Gender differences in positive perceptions, anxiety, and depression among mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities: a logistic regression analysis SO QUALITY & QUANTITY LA English DT Article DE Positive perceptions; Anxiety; Depression; Children with intellectual disabilities; Families; Logistic regression ID SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; MENTAL-HEALTH; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; HOSPITAL ANXIETY; PARENTAL STRESS; EARLY INTERVENTION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; AUTISM; POPULATION AB This study explores gender differences in positive perceptions, anxiety, and depression among mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities (IDs). 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Lobbestael, Jill TI Comparing cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and autism using WAIS-III SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Schizophrenia; Autism; Cognitive functioning; WAIS-III; Processing speed ID WORKING-MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS; ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDER; ADULTS; NEUROCOGNITION; METAANALYSIS; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; INTERVIEW; DEFICITS AB The main goal of this study was to investigate differences and similarities in general cognitive functioning between adults with schizophrenia and autism, because this has not been systematically investigated. We used a cross-sectional design to compare adults with schizophrenia (n = 27), with autism (n = 114) and a healthy control group (n = 30). Schizophrenia diagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) and behavioral symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Autism was diagnosed with a DSM-IV questionnaire for autism spectrum disorders and the Autistic Diagnostic Interview, revised version. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third version (WAIS-III) was used to assess cognitive functions. All participants were between 18 and 65 years of age and had a minimum full scale intelligence of 80. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia scored significantly lower on processing speed than patients with autism and the healthy control group. Differences on other index scales were not found. In participants with schizophrenia a correlation was found between processing speed impairment and negative symptoms. Diagnosis could be predicted correctly with WAIS-III profile in 70.4% of the cases with schizophrenia compared to 56.7% of the healthy control group and 22.8% of the autism group. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [de Boer, Marion] Mental Hlth Inst GGZ Eindhoven, NL-5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600001 ER PT J AU Wang, HT Koyama, T AF Wang, Hui-Ting Koyama, Takanori TI An analysis and review of the literature and a three-tier video modeling intervention model SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Video modeling; Autism; Three-tier model ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONVERSATION SKILLS; SOCIAL INITIATIONS; PURCHASING SKILLS; PRETEND PLAY; IN-VIVO; CHILDREN; SELF; PRESCHOOLERS; INSTRUCTION AB Many video modeling (VM) studies for teaching learners with autism have been published. Most studies have investigated the effectiveness of intervention; however, not all learners with autism respond to intervention in the same manner, and not all families and educators can afford such treatments. It is equally critical to address the delivery type of VM and the resources and support involved. This paper had 2 purposes: first, to review and analyze the literature regarding the characteristics of VM intervention and the video components for assisting practice and research; second, to develop a 3-tier VM intervention model (self-administered generic VM, group-based instruction, and individually administered individualized VM), based on the delivery types of intervention and the allocation of resources and support to address the factors that influence learners. Seven intervention characteristics and 7 video components were identified, and implications for future research regarding the 3-tier model were discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 746 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.010 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600002 ER PT J AU Lapenta, OM Boggio, PS AF Lapenta, Olivia Morgan Boggio, Paulo Sergio TI Motor network activation during human action observation and imagery: Mu rhythm EEG evidence on typical and atypical neurodevelopment SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Motor imagery; Action observation; Mu rhythm; Mirror neuron system; Autism; EEG ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EVENT-RELATED SYNCHRONIZATION; HUMAN BRAIN; SIMULATION; CHILDREN; CORTEX; DESYNCHRONIZATION; OSCILLATIONS; SUPPRESSION AB The mental simulation theory suggests activation of the motor network during imagery and observation of human movements, similarly to the activation during action execution and is proposed to be mediated by the mirror neuron system. This activation can be measured by several technologies such as electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. It is proposed that motor network activation and therefore increased cortical excitability of primary motor cortex occur due to premotor mirror neuron system inputs. This mechanism has been demonstrated as important for planning actions and seems relevant for anticipating others actions and for empathy establishing as well as for language development. In this review we focused on studies relative to electroencephalography data of motor neural network activation during movement observation and imagery in typical and atypical development. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lapenta, Olivia Morgan; Boggio, Paulo Sergio] Univ Prebiteriana Mackenzie, Ctr Hlth & Biol Sci, Social & Cognit Neurosci Lab, BR-01241001 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.019 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600003 ER PT J AU Ploog, BO Brooks, PJ Scharf, A Aum, S AF Ploog, Bertram O. Brooks, Patricia J. Scharf, Alexa Aum, SangWeon TI Perception of the prosody and content of sentences in an unfamiliar language in children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Receptive prosody; Language; Computer game; Attention; Prioritization deficit hypothesis ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; STIMULUS OVERSELECTIVITY; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ADOLESCENTS; CUES; DISCRIMINATION; COMMUNICATION; COMPREHENSION; PERFORMANCE; ATTENTION AB Prior research suggests that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show atypical patterns of attention to the prosody (intonation and emotional tone of voice) and content (words) of spoken sentences. Using a discrimination-choice procedure embedded in a custom-made videogame, we examined attention to these features of sentences in 15 children with ASD (ages 5 years, 5 months-18 years) and 15 age-matched typical controls (TYP). Using an unfamiliar language (German) to remove semantics, we assessed the role of meaning in promoting attention to content over prosody. As in a previous study with English sentences, TYP children attended to content to a greater extent than children with ASD while maintaining equivalent levels of discrimination based on prosody. However, in contrast to previous results, TYP children did not show a preference for enthusiastic over grouchy tone of voice, which suggests that the unfamiliar language rendered affective valence less salient. The results confirm intact perception of prosody in children with ASD, and a more selective pattern of attention to content in TYP children. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ploog, Bertram O.; Brooks, Patricia J.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Ploog, Bertram O.; Brooks, Patricia J.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Scharf, Alexa] Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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R., 2012, ENCY AUTISM SPECTRUM, P1 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 EI 1878-0237 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 775 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.014 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600005 ER PT J AU Nopprapun, M Holloway, J AF Nopprapun, Michael Holloway, Jennifer TI A comparison of fluency training and discrete trial instruction to teach letter sounds to children with ASD: Acquisition and learning outcomes SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Fluency training (FT); Discrete trial instruction (DTI); Autism; Phonics instruction ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL FLUENCY; OSHIELDS 2004; LITERACY; INTERVENTIONS; INDIVIDUALS; KNOWLEDGE; STUDENTS; DOUGHTY; CHASE AB The study investigated the efficacy of fluency training (FT) and discrete trial instruction (DTI) to teach phonic reading to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with particular emphasis on the acquisition of correct letter-sound correspondence and the learning outcomes of behavioural fluency instruction. An alternating-treatment design was employed to compare the treatment effects of FT versus DTI for the acquisition, retention, stability, endurance, and application of phonics in four children with ASD. The results showed that for two participants, FT was more efficient for the acquisition of correct letter-sound correspondence. For the remaining two participants, DTI resulted in more rapid acquisition. For all four participants, FT produced better results during post-test retention, endurance, stability, and application checks. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to reading instruction, as well as the use of rate-building procedures with individuals with ASD. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nopprapun, Michael; Holloway, Jennifer] Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. RP Holloway, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. 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Lunsky, Yona Liu, Shi-Kai Desarkar, Pushpal TI Psychopharmacological treatment of challenging behaviours in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities: A systematic review SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism; Adults; Challenging behaviours; Psychopharmacology; Intellectual disability ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; ADOLESCENTS; PATTERNS; RISPERIDONE; PREVALENCE; PHARMACOTHERAPY; POPULATION AB Introduction: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a high co-occurrence with intellectual disability. Adults with Autism and intellectual disability have a high incidence of challenging behaviour, defined as repetitive self injurious or aggressive behaviour. We underwent a systemic review of the evidence for treating challenging behaviours in adults with Autism and intellectual disability. Methods: A literature search was conducted using three large databases to extract studies on the treatment of challenging behaviour among adults with Autism and intellectual disability. Papers, which met this criterion, were reviewed and analysed to assess study evidence and quality. Results: Seven articles were selected which included five agents: fluvoxamine, sertraline, clomipramine, risperidone, and ziprasidone. Randomized control studies of fluvoxamine and risperidone, provided efficacy for the treatment of challenging behaviour in adults with Autism and intellectual disability. Open label trials of sertraline, clomipramine and ziprasidone were also effective in treating challenging behaviours for this population. Discussion: Risperidone and fluvoxamine provided the best evidence for treating challenging behaviour, and risperidone was the only medication with multiple trials showing its efficacy. Further studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy of psychopharmacology in treating challenging behaviours among adults with Autism and intellectual disability. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sawyer, Amanda; Lake, Johanna K.; Lunsky, Yona; Liu, Shi-Kai; Desarkar, Pushpal] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Sawyer, Amanda; Lake, Johanna K.; Lunsky, Yona; Liu, Shi-Kai; Desarkar, Pushpal] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada. RP Desarkar, P (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, 1001 Queen St West, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 803 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.021 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600007 ER PT J AU Anzalone, SM Tilmont, E Boucenna, S Xavier, J Jouen, AL Bodeau, N Maharatna, K Chetouani, M Cohen, D AF Anzalone, Salvatore Maria Tilmont, Elodie Boucenna, Sofiane Xavier, Jean Jouen, Anne-Lise Bodeau, Nicolas Maharatna, Koushik Chetouani, Mohamed Cohen, David CA MICHELANGELO Study Grp TI How children with autism spectrum disorder behave and explore the 4-dimensional (spatial 3D+time) environment during a joint attention induction task with a robot SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Development; Social engagement; Joint attention; Social robots ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL ROBOTS; INDIVIDUALS; PEOPLE; CAREGIVERS; IMITATION; TODDLERS; THERAPY; SPEECH; ORIENT AB We aimed to compare, during a joint attention (JA) elicitation task, how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with typical development (TD) behave and explore their 4 dimensional (meaning spatial 3D + time) when interacting with a human or with a robotic agent. We built a system that employed a Nao robot and a perception system based on a RGB-D sensor (Kinect) to capture social engagement cues. A JA induction experiment was performed in which children with ASD (N = 16) and matched TD children (N = 16) had a 3-mm interaction with the robot or with a therapist. Nao induced JA by gazing; by gazing and pointing; and by gazing, pointing and vocalizing at pictures. Both groups of children performed well with the therapist. However, with Nao, both groups had lower JA scores, and the children with ASD had a significantly lower score than the TD children. We found that (i) multimodal JA induction was more efficient in both groups; (ii) the 3D spatial world gaze exploration showed less accuracy; and (iii) the trunk position in ASD showed less stability in the 4 dimensions compared to TD controls. We conclude that, in ASD, JA skill depends on the interaction partner, and implies a higher motor and cognitive cost. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anzalone, Salvatore Maria; Tilmont, Elodie; Boucenna, Sofiane; Jouen, Anne-Lise; Chetouani, Mohamed; Cohen, David] Univ Paris 06, Inst Syst Intelligents & Robot, F-75005 Paris, France. [Tilmont, Elodie; Xavier, Jean; Bodeau, Nicolas; Cohen, David] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, F-75013 Paris, France. [Tilmont, Elodie; Xavier, Jean; Bodeau, Nicolas; Cohen, David] Univ Paris 06, F-75013 Paris, France. [Maharatna, Koushik] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Anzalone, SM (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Inst Syst Intelligents & Robot, Pyramide Tour 55,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 814 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.002 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600008 ER PT J AU Kristen, S Rossmann, F Sodian, B AF Kristen, Susanne Rossmann, Franziska Sodian, Beate TI Theory of own mind and autobiographical memory in adults with ASD SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Theory of mind; Autobiographical memory; Autism Spectrum Disorder ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; STRANGE STORIES TEST; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EPISODIC MEMORY; AUTONOETIC CONSCIOUSNESS; SELF-AWARENESS; QUOTIENT AQ; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS AB While there is solid evidence of other-related theory of mind (TOM) deficits in autism, there is less research addressing self-related ToM impairments. To date, relations between self-related ToM and other cognitive skills related to representing own mental states such as autobiographical memory have scarcely been investigated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the differential relations of self-and other-related theory of mind skills and autobiographical memory in n = 20 adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and n = 20 matched controls using standardized measures. The overall results indicated a specific relation between recalled episodic autobiographical memories on the episodic and semantic autobiographical memory interview and the performance on the mind-mindedness for oneself task in adults with ASD, which proved to be largely independent of verbal and nonverbal IQ. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kristen, Susanne; Rossmann, Franziska; Sodian, Beate] Univ Munich, D-80802 Munich, Germany. RP Kristen, S (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Psychol, Leopoldstr 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 827 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.009 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600009 ER PT J AU Kuo, CC Liang, KC Tseng, CC Gau, SSF AF Kuo, Ching-Chih Liang, Keng-Chen Tseng, Christine Chifen Gau, Susan Shur-Fen TI Comparison of the cognitive profiles and social adjustment between mathematically and scientifically talented students and students with Asperger's syndrome SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Mathematically and scientifically talented; Asperger's syndrome; Cognitive profiles; Social adjustment; Overexcitability traits ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; RESPONSIVENESS SCALE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHINESE VERSION; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; OTHERS AB This study compared the cognitive profiles and social adjustment of mathematically and scientifically talented (MST) students and students with Asperger's syndrome (AS) as compared to typically developing students. The applied instruments were the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd version, Me Scale II, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Adult Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and autism diagnostic interview-revised. Eighty-four male students, aged 16-26, were assigned to four groups according to a talent in mathematics and science, diagnosis of AS, and the IQ level. The results showed that the high-IQ MST group exhibited balanced development in cognitive and affective aspects, the average-IQ MST group demonstrated weakness in perceptual organization and working memory, and problems with social awareness and socialness, and the AS group had weakness in performance IQ particularly in digit symbol-coding and symbol search and a wide-range of autistic-like social deficits (SRS) and autistic trait (AQ), and reported lower empathetic and higher emotional and creative overexcitability. Our findings support differential cognitive profiles and social adjustment between the MST and AS groups, and the influence of IQ on these manifestations in MST students. More attention should be paid to the social difficulty of average-IQ MST students in addition to AS students. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuo, Ching-Chih] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Special Educ, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Liang, Keng-Chen; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Neurobiol & Cognit Sci Ctr, Dept Psychol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Liang, Keng-Chen; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Brain & Mind Sci, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Tseng, Christine Chifen] Natl Taichung Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Appl English, Taichung 403, Taiwan. [Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp & Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Taipei 100, Taiwan. [Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Sch Occupat Therapy, Coll Med, Taipei 100, Taiwan. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 838 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.004 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600010 ER PT J AU Hagenmuller, F Rossler, W Wittwer, A Haker, H AF Hagenmuller, Florence Roessler, Wulf Wittwer, Amrei Haker, Helene TI Empathic resonance in Asperger syndrome SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Salivation; Autism spectrum disorder; Perception-action link; Contagion; Coping; Empathy ID TORONTO-ALEXITHYMIA-SCALE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; SEX-DIFFERENCES; AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; SALIVATION; IMITATION; VOLUNTARY; CHILDREN; DEFICITS AB Reports on theory-of-mind deficits have led to the common belief that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with a lack of empathy. Resonance is a basic empathy-related process, linking two interacting individuals at the physiological level. Findings in ASD have been inconclusive regarding basic empathy. We investigated resonance at the autonomic level - the salivation-inducing effect of watching a person eating a lemon. Salivation-induction was assessed in 29 individuals with ASD and 28 control participants. Cotton rolls placed in the mouth were weighed before and after the video stimulation. Orientation to the stimulus was assessed with eye-tracking, autistic and empathic traits through self-reports. Group comparisons revealed lower salivation-induction in individuals with ASD. Linear regressions revealed different predictors of induction in each group: self-reported empathic fantasizing and age in ASD versus self-reported empathic concern plus orientation to the stimulus' face in the control. In both groups the social component was relevant: in ASD in terms of intellectual involvement with social contents and in controls in terms of the mere presence of a social vis-A-vis. Individuals with ASD may use explicitly acquired intellectual strategies whereas individuals with typical development can rely on intuitive processes for social responsivity. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hagenmuller, Florence] Univ Zurich, Hosp Psychiat, Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychosomat, CH-8021 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hagenmuller, Florence; Roessler, Wulf; Wittwer, Amrei; Haker, Helene] Univ Zurich, Coll Helveticum, CH-8021 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hagenmuller, Florence; Roessler, Wulf; Wittwer, Amrei; Haker, Helene] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Haker, Helene] Univ Zurich, Inst Biomed Engn, Translat Neuromodeling Unit, CH-8021 Zurich, Switzerland. [Roessler, Wulf] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Psychiat, Lab Neurosci LIM 27, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Hagenmuller, F (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Hosp Psychiat, Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychosomat, POB 1930, CH-8021 Zurich, Switzerland. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 851 EP 859 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.008 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600011 ER PT J AU Lang, R Machalicek, W Rispoli, M O'Reilly, M Sigafoos, J Lancioni, G Peters-Scheffer, N Didden, R AF Lang, Russell Machalicek, Wendy Rispoli, Mandy O'Reilly, Mark Sigafoos, Jeff Lancioni, Giulio Peters-Scheffer, Nienke Didden, Robert TI Play skills taught via behavioral intervention generalize, maintain, and persist in the absence of socially mediated reinforcement in children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Play; Stereotypy; Lag schedules; Behavioral intervention ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRETEND PLAY; VERBAL RESPONSIVENESS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SYMBOLIC PLAY; DISABILITIES; STEREOTYPY; LEISURE; LIFE; PRESCHOOLERS AB We measured generalization, maintenance and parent reports of child happiness in the context of a behavioral intervention to teach toy-play skills to three young children with autism. Lag schedules of reinforcement were implemented for two participants whose play did not initially generalize. The play skills intervention was conducted within the participants' early childhood classroom and the utility of teaching play as a means to reduce stereotypy within this setting was also evaluated. A multiple baseline design across participants demonstrated that play taught via behavioral intervention may be maintained after programmed reinforcement is discontinued, generalize across settings and toys (i.e., response and stimulus generalization), and occasion a decrease in stereotypy. Further, the occurrence of play in the absence of socially mediated reinforcement suggested that play taught via behavioral interventions may come to be automatically reinforced. Finally, parent responses on rating scales suggested that two of the participants were happier, in a better mood, and were more interested in appropriate toy-play following behavioral intervention. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lang, Russell] SW Texas State Univ, Clin Autism Res Evaluat & Support, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Machalicek, Wendy] Univ Oregon, Coll Educ, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Rispoli, Mandy] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lang, Russell; O'Reilly, Mark] Univ Texas Austin, Meadows Ctr Preventing Educ Risk, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sigafoos, Jeff] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Educ Psychol, Wellington, New Zealand. [Lancioni, Giulio] Univ Bari, Dept Neurosci & Sense Organs, Bari, Italy. [Peters-Scheffer, Nienke; Didden, Robert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Lang, R (reprint author), Dept Curriculum & Instruct, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. 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TI Age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis is associated with child's variables and parental experience SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Age of diagnosis; Social impairments; Restricted and repetitive behaviors; Developmental regression; Adaptive functioning; First born child ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; REGRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION; RECURRENCE; BEHAVIORS; SEVERITY; SAMPLE; RISK AB Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly important as it enables an early start to intervention. The current study examined familial (parental ages; education; having an older sibling) and child (gender; reported and observed autism symptoms severity; adaptive skills) related variables that might predict the age of ASD diagnosis. The study included 551 participants, age range 15-72 months, diagnosed with ASD who underwent comprehensive medical and behavioral assessment using standardized tests. Of the child's examined variables, the severity of the social interaction impairment reported by the parents and having a history of developmental regression was associated with an earlier age of ASD diagnosis. In contrast, the severity of the restricted and repetitive behaviors was associated with delayed age of ASD diagnosis. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales scores lower or higher than the group's mean (70 points) were associated with a relatively delayed age of ASD diagnosis. Of the familial variables, only having an older sibling was associated with an earlier diagnosis. Professionals should be aware that subtle signs of ASD, developmental delay and close to normal adaptive functioning might delay age of ASD diagnosis. Educating parents on "red flags" for ASD and periodic surveillance in early childhood are important. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishaal, Ram A.; Ben-Itzchak, Esther; Zachor, Ditza A.] Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Autism Ctr, IL-70300 Zerifin, Israel. [Ben-Itzchak, Esther] Ariel Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, IL-40700 Ariel, Israel. [Zachor, Ditza A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Zachor, DA (reprint author), 12 Hatizmoret St, IL-55556 Kiryat Ono, Israel. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 873 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.001 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600013 ER PT J AU Chien, YL Gau, SSF Chiu, YN Tsai, WC Shang, CY Wu, YY AF Chien, Yi-Ling Gau, Susan Shur-Fen Chiu, Yen-Nan Tsai, Wen-Che Shang, Chi-Yung Wu, Yu-Yu TI Impaired sustained attention, focused attention, and vigilance in youths with autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; Asperger's disorder; ADHD; Oppositional symptoms; Attention performance; Continuous performance test ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE-TEST; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHINESE VERSION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; CHILDREN AB The study compared the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) related clinical symptoms and a wide-ranging attention performance in 216 youths with autistic disorder (autism), 138 youths with Asperger's disorder (AD) and 255 typically-developing youths. The diagnosis of autism and AD were made based on the clinical assessments according to the DSM-IV criteria and confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. All the participants were assessed with the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) and the questionnaires about ADHD, oppositional, and autistic symptoms. All indices of the CCPT were analyzed based on a recently developed factor structure, including focused attention, cognitive impulsivity, sustained attention, and vigilance. We found that compared with typically-developing youths, youths with autism and AD showed more inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and oppositional symptoms, and performed worse in focused attention and sustained attention as assessed by the CCPT. Youths with AD also showed more oppositional symptoms than youths with autism. Moreover, youths with autism had poorer focused attention than youths with AD; but, youths with AD had more impaired sustained attention. Our results validate different manifestations of ADHD-related symptoms and attention performance between youths with autism and youths with AD and suggest intervention for youths with autism spectrum disorders should consider these specific measures. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chien, Yi-Ling; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen; Chiu, Yen-Nan; Tsai, Wen-Che; Shang, Chi-Yung] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp & Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. [Chien, Yi-Ling; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Grad Inst Brain & Mind Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Chien, Yi-Ling; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Grad Inst Clin Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Wu, Yu-Yu] Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Linkou Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat,Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Taoyuan, Taiwan. RP Gau, SSF (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp & Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, 7 Chung Shan South Rd, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 881 EP 889 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.006 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600014 ER PT J AU Goin-Kochel, RP Esler, AN Kanne, SM Hus, V AF Goin-Kochel, Robin P. Esler, Amy N. Kanne, Stephen M. Hus, Vanessa TI Developmental regression among children with autism spectrum disorder: Onset, duration, and effects on functional outcomes SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Regression; Skill loss; Cognition; Adaptive functioning; Outcomes ID LANGUAGE; PHENOTYPE; PATTERNS AB Studies using varied methods report that developmental regression occurs in a sizeable proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Findings are equivocal as to whether regression is associated with poorer cognitive and adaptive functioning. This study examined retrospective parent report in 2105 Simons Simplex Collection participants with ASD. Children were classified as having "full" or "subthreshold" losses on language and/or other skills using items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and a supplemental interview to capture more subtle regressions. Overall, 36.9% of children had some type of regression (27.8% language, 27.0% other-skill loss), with the supplemental interview capturing 11.7% of losses that would have been missed using the ADI-R alone. This figure is consistent with previous parent-report studies but lower than clinician-observed rates in prospective investigations. Early language losses either full or subthreshold and full other-skill losses appear to be associated with more deleterious outcomes by middle childhood. Findings may signify the need for more immediate and/or intense therapies for children who have even minor skill losses, particularly in language skills. Results further demonstrate the utility of an expanded set of additional queries with slightly modified criteria to capture such early, subtle losses. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goin-Kochel, Robin P.; Kanne, Stephen M.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Autism Ctr, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Esler, Amy N.] Univ Minnesota, Autism Spectrum & Neurodev Disorders Clin, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Hus, Vanessa] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Goin-Kochel, RP (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Autism Ctr, 8080 N,Stadium Dr,Suite 180, Houston, TX 77054 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 890 EP 898 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.002 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600015 ER PT J AU Silverman, L Hollway, JA Smith, T Aman, MG Arnold, LE Pan, XL Li, XB Handen, BL AF Silverman, Laura Hollway, Jill A. Smith, Tristram Aman, Michael G. Arnold, L. Eugene Pan, Xueliang Li, Xiaobai Handen, Benjamin L. TI A multisite trial of atomoxetine and parent training in children with autism spectrum disorders: Rationale and design challenges SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Atomoxetine (Strattera); ADHD; Autism spectrum disorder; Drug trial; Parent training ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; STIMULANT MEDICATION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; YOUNG-PEOPLE; METHYLPHENIDATE; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENTS; HYPERACTIVITY AB Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have examined effectiveness of mono-therapies for problem behavior. However, results have not been as encouraging as in typically developing children. For example, when prescribed stimulants, children with ASD and hyperactivity/inattentiveness, show only moderately reduced symptoms, with frequent side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments or combinations of treatments are needed. The Children's Hyperactivity and Autism Research Treatment Study (CHARTS) is a randomized clinical trial comparing the individual and combined effects of atomoxetine and parent training to treat hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and noncompliance in children with ASD. Design challenges included the overall study design, targeting of different outcomes by different treatments, and data analysis. This article details options for addressing a number of these methodological issues in the context of conducting a large multicenter RCT with an ASD population. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Silverman, Laura; Smith, Tristram] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Strong Ctr Dev Disabil, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Hollway, Jill A.; Aman, Michael G.; Arnold, L. Eugene] Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr Dev Disabil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Handen, Benjamin L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Merck Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 899 EP 907 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.013 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600016 ER PT J AU Hanley, M Riby, DM McCormack, T Carty, C Coyle, L Crozier, N Robinson, J McPhillips, M AF Hanley, Mary Riby, Deborah M. McCormack, Teresa Carty, Clare Coyle, Lisa Crozier, Naomi Robinson, Johanna McPhillips, Martin TI Attention during social interaction in children with autism: Comparison to specific language impairment, typical development, and links to social cognition SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Specific language impairment; Eye-tracking; Social interaction; Implicit mentalising ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; EYE-MOVEMENTS; COMMUNICATION IMPAIRMENTS; ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; GAZE AVERSION; TRACKING; FACES; MIND; INDIVIDUALS AB Eye-tracking studies have shown how people with autism spend significantly less time looking at socially relevant information on-screen compared to those developing typically. This has been suggested to impact on the development of socio-cognitive skills in autism. We present novel evidence of how attention atypicalities in children with autism extend to real-life interaction, in comparison to typically developing (TD) children and children with specific language impairment (SLI). We explored the allocation of attention during social interaction with an interlocutor, and how aspects of attention (awareness checking) related to traditional measures of social cognition (false belief attribution). We found divergent attention allocation patterns across the groups in relation to social cognition ability. Even though children with autism and SLI performed similarly on the socio-cognitive tasks, there were syndrome-specific atypicalities of their attention patterns. Children with SLI were most similar to TD children in terms of prioritising attention to socially pertinent information (eyes, face, awareness checking). Children with autism showed reduced attention to the eyes and face, and slower awareness checking. 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L., 1967, EYE MOVEMENTS VISION NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 EI 1878-0237 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 908 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.020 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600017 ER PT J AU Jang, JN Matson, JL Cervantes, PE Konst, MJ AF Jang, Jina Matson, Johnny L. Cervantes, Paige E. Konst, Matthew J. TI The relationship between ethnicity and age of first concern in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; First concern; Ethnicity/race ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; PDD-NOS; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS; RECOGNITION; ASD; DISABILITIES AB The current study examined the relationship between ethnicity and the age at which parents first become concerned about their children's development in 1478 toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and atypical development. Based on the current findings, there were no racial/ethnic differences in age of parent's first concerns. Caregivers of toddlers with ASD first developed concerns around the same time independent of which ethnic groups they belong to. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 925 EP 932 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.003 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA AI8UX UT WOS:000337203600018 ER PT J AU Klein, BY Tamir, H Hirschberg, DL Glickstein, SB Ludwig, RJ Welch, MG AF Klein, Benjamin Y. Tamir, Hadassah Hirschberg, David L. Glickstein, Sara B. Ludwig, Robert J. Welch, Martha G. TI Oxytocin modulates markers of the unfolded protein response in Caco2BB gut cells SO CELL STRESS & CHAPERONES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Crohn's disease; Ulcerative colitis; Signaling; Translation factors; X-box protein 1; Simon ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; INITIATION-FACTOR EIF2-ALPHA; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; ER STRESS; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; MAMMALIAN TARGET; MESSENGER-RNA; INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; AUTISTIC DISORDER AB We have shown that oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression in neonatal rat enterocytes is robust from birth to weaning, but OTR function during this period is unknown. We previously reported that oxytocin (OT) stimulation of Caco2BB cells (enterocytes in vitro) inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is known to protectively reduce translation during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because the mTORC1 pathway is linked to cellular stress, we investigated markers of UPR in OT-stimulated Caco2BB cells. We report that OT modulates several factors involved in sensing and translation of ER stress. High OT (62.5 nM) reduced translation initiation factor 4E-BP1 phosphorylation (Ser65), which is known to inhibit cap-dependent translation via its rate-limiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). Importantly, high OT increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a (eIF2a) phospho-Ser51, which inhibits eIF2a. High OT also increased protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase phosphorylation, a sensor of ER stress and a kinase of eIF2a. Both high and low OT activated inositol requiring enzyme1 (IRE1), which generates the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and induces the UPR. We also show that OT modulates XBP1 splicing and induces tribbles 3 (TRIB3; a negative regulator of Akt and protein involved in autophagy) and immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP; ER-chaperone). Taken together, these results indicate that OT modulates sensors of ER stress and autophagy. These findings support our hypothesis that transiently elevated OTR expression in neonatal gut may serve a protective function during a critical postnatal developmental period. C1 [Klein, Benjamin Y.; Ludwig, Robert J.; Welch, Martha G.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Tamir, Hadassah; Hirschberg, David L.; Welch, Martha G.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol & Cell Biol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Hirschberg, David L.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Ctr Infect & Immunol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Tamir, Hadassah] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Mol Imaging & Neuropathol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Glickstein, Sara B.] EB Sci, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. [Klein, Benjamin Y.; Welch, Martha G.] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Klein, BY (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 40, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM bk2348@columbia.edu; mgw13@columbia.edu FU Einhorn Family Charitable Trust [UL1 RR024156] FX We thank Chris Heger for Simon (TM) automated western blotting consultation and analysis, as well as with help in manuscript preparation. We thank Maurice Manning for supplying the oxytocin antagonist. The research was funded by the Einhorn Family Charitable Trust (UL1 RR024156). 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Connor-Stroud, Fawn Landgraf, Rainer Young, Larry J. Parr, Lisa A. TI Aerosolized oxytocin increases cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin in rhesus macaques SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxytocin; Vasopressin; Social cognition; Intranasal; Autism; Rhesus monkey ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; VASOPRESSIN RELEASE; PLASMA OXYTOCIN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; NASAL; BLOOD; NEUROPEPTIDES; INTRANUCLEAR AB Intranasal (IN) administration is a widely used method for examining the effect of oxytocin (OT) on social behavior and cognition in healthy subjects and psychiatric populations. IN-OT in humans enhances trust, emotional perception, and empathetic behavior and is under investigation as a potential pharmacotherapy to enhance social functioning in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Nonhuman primates (NHP) are an important model for understanding the effect of OT on social cognition, its neural mechanisms, and the development of IN-OT as a pharmacotherapy for treating social deficits in humans. However, NHP and even some human populations, such as very young infants and children, cannot easily follow the detailed self-administration protocol used in the majority of human IN-OTstudies. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of several OT-administration routes for elevating central OT concentrations in rhesus macaques. First, we examined the effect of IN and intravenous (IV) routes of OT administration on concentrations of OT and vasopressin (AVP) in plasma and lumbar CSF. Second, we examined these same measures in monkeys after an aerosolized (AE) OT delivery route. All three administration routes significantly increased plasma OT concentrations, but only the AE-OT route significantly increased concentrations of CSF OT. No route affected concentrations of AVP in plasma or CSF. This study confirms that the AE route is the most effective method for increasing central OT concentrations in monkeys, and may also be an effective route, alternative to IN, for administering OT to some human populations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Modi, Meera E.; Young, Larry J.; Parr, Lisa A.] Emory Univ, Silvio O Conte Ctr Oxytocin & Social Cognit, Ctr Translat Social Neurosci, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. [Modi, Meera E.; Connor-Stroud, Fawn; Young, Larry J.; Parr, Lisa A.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Landgraf, Rainer] Max Planck Inst Psychiat, D-80804 Munich, Germany. RP Modi, ME (reprint author), 610 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM meera.modi@pfizer.com FU NSF Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Pilot Grant (LAP); Emory Neuroscience Initiative Seed Grant; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience Pilot Grant; NIH [MH068791, MH064692, P50MH100023]; National Center for Research Resources YNPRC [P51RR165]; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD [P510D11132] FX The authors would like to thank the YNPRC veterinary staff for their vital participation in the collection of samples and Dr. Mar Sanchez for her advice and assistance. We would also like to acknowledge funding support from NSF Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Pilot Grant (LAP), Emory Neuroscience Initiative Seed Grant (MEM, LJY, LAP), Center for Translational Social Neuroscience Pilot Grant (LAP, LJY), NIH MH068791 (LAP) and MH064692 (LJY), P50MH100023 (LJY and LAP) and National Center for Research Resources P51RR165 to YNPRC, which is currently supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD P510D11132. 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Inoue, Kiyoshi Smith, Aaron L. Goodman, Mark M. Young, Larry J. TI The neuroanatomical distribution of oxytocin receptor binding and mRNA in the male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxytocin receptor; Neuropeptide; Neuroanatomy; Nonhuman primate; Autism ID PEDUNCULOPONTINE TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS; GUIDED SACCADE TASKS; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; PRIMATE BRAIN; VASOPRESSIN; NEURONS; EXPRESSION AB The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an important primate model for social cognition, and recent studies have begun to explore the impact of oxytocin on social cognition and behavior. Macaques have great potential for elucidating the neural mechanisms by which oxytocin modulates social cognition, which has implications for oxytocin-based pharmacotherapies for psychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Previous attempts to localize oxytocin receptors (OXTR) in the rhesus macaque brain have failed due to reduced selectivity of radioligands, which in primates bind to both OXTR and the structurally similar vasopressin la receptor (AVPR1A). We have developed a pharmacologically-informed competitive binding autoradiography protocol that selectively reveals OXTR and AVPR1A binding sites in primate brain sections. Using this protocol, we describe the neuroanatomical distribution of OXTR in the macaque. Finally, we use in situ hybridization to localize OXTR mRNA. Our results demonstrate that OXTR expression in the macaque brain is much more restricted than AVPR1A. OXTR is largely limited to the nucleus basalis of Meynert, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, the trapezoid body, and the ventromedial hypothalamus. These regions are involved in a variety of functions relevant to social cognition, including modulating visual attention, processing auditory and multimodal sensory stimuli, and controlling orienting responses to visual stimuli. These results provide insights into the neural mechanisms by which oxytocin modulates social cognition and behavior in this species, which, like humans, uses vision and audition as the primary modalities for social communication. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Freeman, Sara M.; Inoue, Kiyoshi; Smith, Aaron L.; Young, Larry J.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Silvio O Conte Ctr Oxytocin & Social Cognit, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci,Ctr Translat Social Neu, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA. [Smith, Aaron L.; Goodman, Mark M.] Emory Univ, Dept Radiol & Imaging Sci, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA. RP Freeman, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr BMB, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smfreem@ucdavis.edu FU NIH grants [MH090776, 1P50MH100023]; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD [P510D011132, P51RR000165]; [T32MH073525-06] FX This work was supported by NIH grants MH090776 and 1P50MH100023 to L.J.Y. Training support for S.M.F was provided by T32MH073525-06. Additional support was provided by Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD P510D011132 (formerly NCRR P51RR000165) to YNPRC. 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JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD JUL PY 2014 VL 45 BP 128 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.023 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AI8WY UT WOS:000337208900014 PM 24845184 ER PT J AU Renoux, AJ Sala-Hamrick, KJ Carducci, NM Frazer, M Halsey, KE Sutton, MA Dolan, DF Murphy, GG Todd, PK AF Renoux, A. J. Sala-Hamrick, K. J. Carducci, N. M. Frazer, M. Halsey, K. E. Sutton, M. A. Dolan, D. F. Murphy, G. G. Todd, P. K. TI Impaired sensorimotor gating in Fmr1 knock out and Fragile X premutation model mice SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fragile X; Premutation carrier; Prepulse inhibition; Sensorimotor gating ID PREPULSE INHIBITION; STARTLE RESPONSE; HEARING-LOSS; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; C57BL/6J MICE; MOUSE MODEL; AUTISM; ABNORMALITIES; PLASTICITY AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common inherited cause of intellectual disability that results from a CGG repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene. Large repeat expansions trigger both transcriptional and translational suppression of Fragile X protein (FMRP) production. Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) is an allelic neurodegenerative disease caused by smaller "pre-mutation" CGG repeat expansions that enhance FMR1 transcription but lead to translational inefficiency and reduced FMRP expression in animal models. Sensorimotor gating as measured by pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) is altered in both FXS patients and Fmr1 knock out (KO) mice. Similarly, FXTAS patients have demonstrated PPI deficits. Recent work suggests there may be overlapping synaptic defects between Fmr1 KO and CGG knock-in premutation mouse models (CGG KI). We therefore sought to interrogate PPI in CGG 10 mice. Using a quiet PPI protocol more akin to human testing conditions, we find that Fmr1 KO animals have significantly impaired PPI. Using this same protocol, we find CGG KI mice demonstrate an age-dependent impairment in PPI compared to wild type (WT) controls. This study describes a novel phenotype in CGG KI mice that can be used in future therapeutic development targeting premutation associated symptoms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Halsey, K. E.; Dolan, D. F.] Kresge Hearing Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Sutton, M. A.; Murphy, G. G.] Mol & Behav Neurosci Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Todd, PK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM petertod@umich.edu FU National Institutes of Mental Health [F31MH097451]; National Fragile X Foundation FX We thank Peter Ghisleni for technical assistance. CGG KI mice were donated by Karen Usdin (NIH). Fmr1 KO mice were obtained from Cara Westmark (University of Wisconsin) and Jim Malter (UT Southwestern). This work was supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health (F31MH097451) to AJR; the National Fragile X Foundation student fellowship to MF; core testing facilities provided by NIH (P30 DC05188) to KEH and DFD; National Institute on Aging (R01AG028488) to GGM; and by the Veterans Administration (BLRD #1I01BX001689) and NIH (1K08NS069809) to PKT. CR [Anonymous], 1994, CELL, V78, P23 Baker KB, 2010, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V9, P562, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00585.x Chen L, 2001, NEUROSCIENCE, V103, P1043, DOI 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00036-7 Clifford S, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P738, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0205-z de Vrij FMS, 2008, NEUROBIOL DIS, V31, P127, DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.04.002 Dolan DF, 2012, ASS RES OT M ARO Farzin F, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, pS137, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00012 FENG Y, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P731, DOI 10.1126/science.7732383 Frankland PW, 2004, MOL PSYCHIATR, V9, P417, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001432 Hessl D, 2009, AM J MED GENET B, V150B, P545, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30858 Huber KM, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P7746, DOI 10.1073/pnas.122205699 Iliff AJ, 2013, HUM MOL GENET, V22, P1180, DOI 10.1093/hmg/dds525 Ison JR, 2007, JARO-J ASSOC RES OTO, V8, P539, DOI 10.1007/s10162-007-0098-3 Johnson KR, 1997, HEARING RES, V114, P83, DOI 10.1016/S0378-5955(97)00155-X Karolyi IJ, 2007, MAMM GENOME, V18, P596, DOI 10.1007/s00335-007-9038-0 Ludwig AL, 2014, HUM MOL GENET Nelson DL, 2013, NEURON, V77, P825, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.022 Nielsen DM, 2002, BRAIN RES, V927, P8, DOI 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03309-1 Paylor R, 2008, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V122, P1371, DOI 10.1037/a0013047 Powell Susan B, 2012, Curr Top Behav Neurosci, V12, P251, DOI 10.1007/7854_2011_195 Pretto DI, 2014, NEUROBIOL AGING, V35, P1189, DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.009 Qin M, 2011, NEUROBIOL DIS, V42, P85, DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.008 Rogers SJ, 2001, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V22, P409 Schneider A, 2012, NEUROBIOL AGING, V33, P1045, DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.002 Taberner AM, 2005, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V93, P557, DOI 10.1152/jn.00574.2004 Todd PK, 2010, PLOS GENET, V6, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001240 Veeraragavan S, 2012, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V228, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.018 WILLOTT JF, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P703, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.108.4.703 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 EI 1872-7549 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 267 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.013 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AI2UK UT WOS:000336713400007 PM 24657592 ER PT J AU Dejanovic, BL Lal, D Catarino, CB Arjune, S Belaidi, AA Trucks, H Vollmar, C Surges, R Kunz, WS Motameny, S Altmuller, J Kohler, A Neubauer, BA Nurnberg, P Noachtar, S Schwarz, G Sander, T AF Dejanovic, Boris Lav Lal, Dennis Catarino, Claudia B. Arjune, Sita Belaidi, Abdel A. Trucks, Holger Vollmar, Christian Surges, Rainer Kunz, Wolfram S. Motameny, Susanne Altmueller, Janine Koehler, Anna Neubauer, Bernd A. Nuernberg, Peter Noachtar, Soheyl Schwarz, Gunter Sander, Thomas CA EPICURE Consortium TI Exonic microdeletions of the gephyrin gene impair GABAergic synaptic inhibition in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Idiopathic generalized epilepsy; Microdeletion; GPHN; Gephyrin ID MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR DEFICIENCY; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; CLUSTERING PROTEIN GEPHYRIN; MOTOR CORTEX EXCITABILITY; GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBTYPES; DIRECT BINDING; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISEASE; 16P13.11 PREDISPOSE; GAMMA-2 SUBUNIT; DOWN-REGULATION AB Gephyrin is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein, essential for the clustering of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A receptors (GABA(A)Rs) at inhibitory synapses. An impairment of GABAergic synaptic inhibition represents a key pathway of epileptogenesis. Recently, exonic microdeletions in the gephyrin (GPHN) gene have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and epileptic seizures. Here we report the identification of novel exonic GPHN microdeletions in two patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (ICE), representing the most common group of genetically determined epilepsies. The identified GPHN microdeletions involve exons 5-9 (Delta 5-9) and 2-3 (Delta 2-3), both affecting the gephyrin G-domain. Molecular characterization of the GPHN Delta 5-9 variant demonstrated that it perturbs the clustering of regular gephyrin at inhibitory synapses in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons in a dominant-negative manner, resulting in a significant loss of gamma(2)-subunit containing GABAARs. GPHN Delta 2-3 causes a frameshift resulting in a premature stop codon (p.V22Gfs*7) leading to haplo-insufficiency of the gene. Our results demonstrate that structural exonic microdeletions affecting the GPHN gene constitute a rare genetic risk factor for IGE and other neuropsychiatric disorders by an impairment of the GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dejanovic, Boris Lav; Arjune, Sita; Belaidi, Abdel A.; Koehler, Anna; Schwarz, Gunter] Univ Cologne, Inst Biochem, Dept Chem, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. [Lal, Dennis; Trucks, Holger; Motameny, Susanne; Altmueller, Janine; Nuernberg, Peter; Sander, Thomas] Univ Cologne, CCG, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Lal, Dennis; Schwarz, Gunter] Univ Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Respon, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. [Lal, Dennis; Neubauer, Bernd A.] Univ Med Ctr Giessen & Marburg, Dept Neuropediat, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Vollmar, Christian; Noachtar, Soheyl] Univ Munich, Dept Neurol, Epilepsy Ctr, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Surges, Rainer; Kunz, Wolfram S.] Univ Clin Bonn, Dept Epileptol, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. [Nuernberg, Peter; Schwarz, Gunter] Univ Cologne, Ctr Mol Med CMMC, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. RP Schwarz, G (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Biochem, Zulpicher Str 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. EM gschwarz@uni-koeln.de; thomas.sander@uni-koeln.de RI baykan, betul/J-5307-2014; Catarino, Claudia/A-7719-2010 OI Catarino, Claudia/0000-0002-6528-7570 FU European Community [LSHM-CT-2006-037315]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [NE416/5-1, SA434/5-1, NU50/8-1]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; National Genome Research Network [NGENplus: EMINet] [01GS08120, 01GS08121, 01DL12011]; PopGenbiobank; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health; State of Bavaria; Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health) as part of LMUinnovativ; [SFB635] FX This work was supported by grants from the European Community [FP6 Integrated Project EPICURE, grant LSHM-CT-2006-037315 to T.S.], the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the EUROCORES Programme EuroEPINOMICS [grants NE416/5-1 to B.N., SA434/5-1 to T.S., NU50/8-1 to P.N.], the SFB635 [grant All to G.S.]; the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, National Genome Research Network [NGENplus: EMINet, grants 01GS08120 to T.S., and 01GS08121 to P.N.; IntenC, grant 01DL12011 to T.S.]: the PopGen biobank [grant to A.F.],the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne [to G.S.] and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie [to G.S.]. The PopGen project received infrastructure support through the German Research Foundation excellence cluster "Inflammation at Interfaces". The KORA research platform (KORA, Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) was initiated and financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and by the State of Bavaria; this research was supported within the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health) as part of LMUinnovativ. 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Dis. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 67 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.02.001 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AH9PU UT WOS:000336475100010 PM 24561070 ER PT J AU Ben-Sasson, A Gill, SV AF Ben-Sasson, Ayelet Gill, Simone V. TI Motor and language abilities from early to late toddlerhood: Using formalized assessments to capture continuity and discontinuity in development SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE MSEL; Developmental tests; Developmental change; Toddler; Discontinuity; ASD ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; INFANTS; STABILITY; CHILDHOOD; VARIABILITY; OUTCOMES; RISK AB Developmental tests reflect the premise that decreases in skills over time should be a sign of atypical development. In contrast, from a psychological perspective, discontinuity may be viewed as a normal part of typical development. This study sought to describe the variability in patterns of continuity and discontinuity in developmental scores over time. Seventy-six toddlers (55% boys) from a larger screening study were evaluated at 13 and 30 months using the Mullen Scales of Early Development (MSEL) in five areas: gross motor, fine motor, visual perception, receptive language, and expressive language. Parents completed the First Year Inventory (FYI) at 12 months as well. At 30 months, 23.68% of the sample received a clinical diagnosis (e.g., developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder [ASD]). Toddlers were classified as stable, increasing, or decreasing by at least 1.5 standard deviations (SD) on their scores in each of the five MSEL areas from 13 to 30 months. Between 3.9% and 51.3% of the sample was classified as increasing and 0-23.7% as decreasing across areas. Decreases in motor areas were associated with increases in language areas. None of the toddlers showed decreases greater than 1.5 SD on their MSEL composite scores. There was no single pattern that characterized a certain diagnosis. Higher FYI sensory-regulatory risk was associated with decreases in gross motor. Lower FYI risk was linked with increases in receptive language. Developmental discontinuity in specific developmental areas was the rule rather than the exception. Interpretations of decreases in developmental levels must consider concurrent increases in skill during this emerging period. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ben-Sasson, Ayelet] Univ Haifa, Fac Social Welf & Hlth Sci, Dept Occupat Therapy, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Gill, Simone V.] Boston Univ, Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Sargent Coll, Dept Occupat Therapy, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Sasson, A (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Fac Social Welf & Hlth Sci, Dept Occupat Therapy, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1425 EP 1432 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.036 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500001 PM 24751905 ER PT J AU Ouyang, LJ Grosse, SD Riley, C Bolen, J Bishop, E Raspa, M Bailey, DB AF Ouyang, Lijing Grosse, Scott D. Riley, Catharine Bolen, Julie Bishop, Ellen Raspa, Melissa Bailey, Donald B., Jr. TI A comparison of family financial and employment impacts of fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, and intellectual disability SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Fragile X syndrome; Intellectual disability; Autism spectrum disorders; Caregiver impacts ID NATIONAL PROFILE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; UNITED-STATES; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; HEALTH; CARE; BURDEN; POPULATION; VARIABLES AB This study compares the family financial and employment impacts of having a child with fragile X syndrome (FXS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or intellectual disabilities (ID). Data from a 2011 national survey of families of children with FXS were matched with data from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs 2009-2010 to form four analytic groups: children with FXS (n = 189), children with special health care needs with ASD only (n = 185), ID only (n= 177), or both ASD and ID (n = 178). Comparable percentages of parents of children with FXS (60%) and parents of children with both ASD and ID (52%) reported that their families experienced a financial burden as a result of the condition, both of which were higher than the percentages of parents of children with ASD only (39%) or ID only (29%). Comparable percentages of parents of children with FXS (40%) and parents of children with both ASD and ID (46%) reported quitting employment because of the condition, both of which were higher than the percentages of parents of children with ID only (25%) or ASD only (25%). In multivariate analyses controlling for co-occurring conditions and functional difficulties and stratified by age, adjusted odds ratios for the FXS group aged 12-17 years were significantly elevated for financial burden (2.73, 95% CI 1.29-5.77), quitting employment (2.58, 95% CI 1.18-5.65) and reduced hours of work (4.34, 95% CI 2.08-9.06) relative to children with ASD only. Among children aged 5 11 years, the adjusted odds ratios for the FXS group were elevated but statistically insignificant for financial burden (1.63, 95% CI 0.85-3.14) and reducing hours of work (1.34, 95% CI 0.68-2.63) relative to children with ASD only. Regardless of condition, co-occurring anxiety or seizures, limits in thinking, reasoning, or learning ability, and more irritability were significantly associated with more caregiver financial and employment impacts. Proper management of anxiety or seizures and functional difficulties of children with FXS or other developmental disabilities may be important in alleviating adverse family caregiver impacts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ouyang, Lijing; Grosse, Scott D.; Riley, Catharine; Bolen, Julie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bishop, Ellen; Raspa, Melissa; Bailey, Donald B., Jr.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Ouyang, LJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM louyang@cdc.gov CR Aman M., 1994, ABERRANT BEHAV CHECK Bailey D. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1518 EP 1527 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.009 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500008 PM 24755230 ER PT J AU Poon, KK Ooi, N Bull, R Bailey, DB AF Poon, Kenneth K. Ooi, Nona Bull, Rebecca Bailey, Donald B., Jr. TI Psychometric validation of the Family Outcome Survey-Revised in Singapore SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Early childhood intervention; Family Outcomes Survey-Revised; Singapore ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EARLY INTERVENTION; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; DIAGNOSIS; SERVICES; PARENTS; FATHERS; MOTHERS; STRESS AB This study sought to examine the construct validity of the Family Outcomes Survey-Revised (FOS-R) in Singapore, describe the extent to which family outcomes of early childhood intervention (ECI) are attained, and obtain caregivers perception on the extent to which ECI has served their needs. The FOS-R was translated into Chinese (simplified) and Malay for use in Singapore. Bilingual (i.e., English-Chinese and English-Malay) versions of the instrument were distributed to caregivers of young children with disabilities receiving ECI in four centers in Singapore. A total of 291 surveys were available for analyses (response rate of 43.1%). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that there was a fit between the current data set and the FOS-R structure proposed by the developers. Overall, the participants reported moderately high attainment of family outcomes. They also reported that the ECI programs were mostly helpful. Other aspects of the cross-cultural application of instruments were considered and implications for local service provision as well as directions for future research were discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Poon, Kenneth K.; Ooi, Nona; Bull, Rebecca] Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Singapore 637616, Singapore. 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PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1534 EP 1543 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.047 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500010 PM 24763378 ER PT J AU Tsai, WH Hwang, YS Hung, TY Weng, SF Lin, SJ Chang, WT AF Tsai, Wen-Hui Hwang, Yea-Shwu Hung, Te-Yu Weng, Shih-Feng Lin, Shio-Jean Chang, Wen-Tsan TI Association between mechanical ventilation and neurodevelopmental disorders in a nationwide cohort of extremely low birth weight infants SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Autism spectrum disorder; Cerebral palsy; Extremely low birth weight infants; Intellectual disability; Mechanical ventilation ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK; POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PRETERM INFANTS; RISK-FACTORS; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; SEX STRATIFICATIONS; HEALTH-INSURANCE AB Mechanical ventilation for preterm infants independently contributes to poor neurodevelopmental performance. However, few studies have investigated the association between the duration of mechanical ventilation and the risk for various developmental disorders in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) infants. Using a large nationwide database, we did a 10-year retrospective follow-up study to explore the effect of mechanical ventilation on the incidence of cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in ELBW infants born between 1998 and 2001. Seven hundred twenty-eight ELBW infants without diagnoses of brain insults or focal brain lesions in the initial hospital stay were identified and divided into three groups (days on ventilator: <= 2, 3-14, >= 15 days). After adjusting for demographic and medical factors, the infants in the 15 days group had higher risks for CP (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.66; 95% confidence interval: 1.50-4.59; p < 0.001) and ADHD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-3.76; p < 0.05), than did infants in the 2 days group. The risk for ASD or ID was not significantly different between the three groups. We conclude that mechanical ventilation for 15 days increased the risk for CP and ADHD in ELBW infants even without significant neonatal brain damage. Developing a brain-protective respiratory support strategy in response to real-time cerebral hemodynamic and oxygenation changes has the potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in ELBW infants. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsai, Wen-Hui] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Clin Med, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Tsai, Wen-Hui] Chi Mei Med Ctr, Div Neonatol, Tainan 710, Taiwan. [Hwang, Yea-Shwu] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Occupat Therapy, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Hung, Te-Yu; Lin, Shio-Jean] Chi Mei Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tainan 710, Taiwan. [Weng, Shih-Feng] Chi Mei Med Ctr, Dept Med Res, Tainan 710, Taiwan. [Chang, Wen-Tsan] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Chang, Wen-Tsan] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Basic Med Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1544 EP 1550 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.048 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500011 PM 24769371 ER PT J AU Hsu, CF AF Hsu, Ching-Fen TI Modality effect on contextual integration in people with Williams syndrome SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Modality effect; Contextual integration; Central coherence; Syndrome-general deficiency; Williams syndrome ID INFORMATION INTEGRATION; COHERENCE; AUTISM; WEAK AB In this study meaningful social stimuli were used as probes in a task requiring the judgment of semantic appropriateness to investigate contextual integration ability to test the ability of people with Williams syndrome (WS) to integrate information, as opposed to the use of meaningless syllables in audiovisual studies (the McGurk effect). Participants were presented with background auditory primes followed by targets that were either congruent or incongruent with the prime. Two modes of target were presented: a visual target (AV task) or an auditory target (AA task). Participants were asked to respond yes to contextually appropriate pairs and no to those that were contextually inappropriate. The congruency effect was measured as an index of successful central coherence. Similar to normally developing controls, people with WS showed shorter response latencies and greater accuracy in recognizing congruent pairs compared with incongruent pairs. Their performance did not differ from that of controls matched by mental age, but was inferior to that of controls matched by chronological age. The results revealed generalized contextual integration for auditory primes in both tasks, consistent with previous studies using visual presentation of social-related stimuli in people with WS (Hsu, 2013a, 2013c). 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TI The effect of motor load on planning and inhibition in developmental coordination disorder SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Executive function; Developmental coordination disorder; Planning; Inhibition; Motor development ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WORKING-MEMORY; CHILDREN; PROFILES; PERFORMANCE; DYSFUNCTION; LANGUAGE; ABILITY AB Previous research has reported mixed findings regarding executive function (EF) abilities in developmental coordination disorder (DCD), which is diagnosed on the basis of significant impairments in motor skills. The current study aimed to assess whether these differences in study outcomes could result from the relative motor loads of the tasks used to assess EF in DCD. 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Zhang, Zhixiang Baron-Cohen, Simon Brayne, Carol TI Comparison between a Mandarin Chinese version of the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test and the Clancy Autism Behaviour Scale in mainland China SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; Screening; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; CAST; CABS; China ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME TEST; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MENTAL-RETARDATION; TEST CAST; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION; QUOTIENT; UK AB A Mandarin Chinese version of the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) and Clancy Autism Behaviour Scale (CABS) were applied to 150 children aged 4-11 years old from clinical settings and mainstream schools in Beijing. All the children were further assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). The validity of two instruments on screening of ASC was examined and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The validity of CAST (sensitivity: 89%, specificity: 80%, PPV: 70%) was better than the CABS (sensitivity: 58%, specificity: 84%, PPV: 65%). The area under the curve (AUC) of the CAST (AUC = 0.90) was significantly higher than the CABS (AUC = 0.79, p = 0.0002). The Mandarin CAST demonstrated a better validity in distinguishing children with ASC from children without ASC. It is an acceptable candidate as a screening instrument for ASC in large epidemiological study in Chinese population. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Xiang; Brayne, Carol] Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. [Sun, Xiang; Allison, Carrie; Auyeung, Bonnie; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. [Sun, Xiang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Prince Wales Hosp, Jockey Club Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Auyeung, Bonnie] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Matthews, Fiona E.] Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, MRC Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. [Zhang, Zhixiang] Peking Univ, Hosp 1, Dept Paediat, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Forvie Site,Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, England. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1599 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.005 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500017 PM 24769432 ER PT J AU Hodge, D Carollo, TM Lewin, M Hoffman, CD Sweeney, DP AF Hodge, Danelle Carollo, Tanner M. Lewin, Michael Hoffman, Charles D. Sweeney, Dwight P. TI Sleep patterns in children with and without autism spectrum disorders: Developmental comparisons SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sleep; Melatonin; Development ID HABITS QUESTIONNAIRE; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; AGE-CHILDREN; MELATONIN; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; ADULTS; DELAY AB The present study examined age-related changes in the sleep of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared to age-related changes in the sleep of typically developing (TD) children. Participants were 108 mothers of children with ASD and 108 mothers of TD children. Participants completed a questionnaire on children's overall sleep quality that also tapped specific sleep-domains (i.e., bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness). Results confirm significantly poorer sleep quantity and quality in children with ASD, particularly children age 6-9 years. Unlike TD children, the sleep problems of children with ASD were unlikely to diminish with age. Our findings suggest that it is important to exam specific domains of sleep as well as overall sleep patterns. Finding of significant age-related interactions suggests that the practice of combining children from wide age-ranges into a single category obfuscates potentially important developmental differences. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hodge, Danelle; Carollo, Tanner M.; Lewin, Michael; Hoffman, Charles D.; Sweeney, Dwight P.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Psychol, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. RP Hodge, D (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Psychol, 5500 Univ Pkwy, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. EM dhodge@csusb.edu CR Allik H, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1625, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0543-0 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Arendt J, 2005, J BIOL RHYTHM, V20, P291, DOI 10.1177/0748730405277492 Arendt J., 1995, MELATONIN MAMMALIAN, p[201, 27] Autism Society of America, 2003, DEFINING AUTISM Arbelle S, 2001, RESEARCH BASIS FOR AUTISM INTERVENTION, P219 Didden R, 2001, RES DEV DISABIL, V22, P255, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00071-3 Gilliam J. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1631 EP 1638 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.037 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500020 PM 24780146 ER PT J AU Samadi, SA McConkey, R Bunting, B AF Samadi, Sayyed Ali McConkey, Roy Bunting, Brendan TI Parental wellbeing of Iranian families with children who have developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Intellectual disability; Autism spectrum disorder; Iran; Parents; Health; Stress; Family functioning ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; DOWN-SYNDROME; STRESS; MOTHERS; IMPACT; SUPPORT; ADJUSTMENT AB To date, most research with families who have a child with developmental disabilities has been undertaken in English speaking countries. Poorer health, allied with increased levels of stress has been commonly reported for mothers but less is known about the impact on fathers and on overall family functioning. This study aimed to document the correlates of these parental impacts with Iranian mothers and fathers who had children with either intellectual disabilities (ID) or with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In all 121 parents (69 mothers and 52 fathers from 94 families) who had a child with a diagnosis of ADS, along with 115 parents of children with ID (83 mothers and 32 fathers from 101 families) volunteered to take part in the study. Each participant completed through interview standardised rating scales of parenting stress, emotional well-being, family functioning and satisfaction with caring role along with demographic information and details of informal supports. Structural Equation Modeling identified that family functioning was much poorer in families whose child had ASD and both mothers and fathers reported higher levels of stress. Poorer emotional well-being contributed to higher stress and was more frequent among mothers, single parents and those whose children had behaviour problems. Having other dependents living at home and more sources of informal support improved the emotional wellbeing of parents but not their stress or family functioning. Parents who derived greater satisfaction from their caring role tended to have better emotional health and less stress. Although the impact on Iranian parents of having a child with developmental disabilities is broadly similar to those of parents in other cultures, there are indications that children with ASD present distinct challenges to these families. The model derived in this study is a useful guide both for further research as well as family-centred interventions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1639 EP 1647 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500021 PM 24814475 ER PT J AU Gadow, KD Pinsonneault, JK Perlman, G Sadee, W AF Gadow, Kenneth D. Pinsonneault, Julia K. Perlman, Greg Sadee, Wolfgang TI Association of dopamine gene variants, emotion dysregulation and ADHD in autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism spectrum disorder; Depression; Emotion dysregulation; ADHD; DAT1; DRD2 ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CHILD SYMPTOM INVENTORY-4; SCORING ALGORITHMS; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; CLINICAL UTILITY; DEPRESSION; EXPRESSION; ANXIETY; SAMPLES; SYSTEM AB The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of dopaminergic gene variants with emotion dysregulation (EMD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3/DAT1)polymorphisms (intron8 5/6 VNTR, 3'-UTR 9/10 VNTR, rs27072 in the 3'-UTR) and one dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) variant (rs2283265) were selected for genotyping based on a priori evidence of regulatory activity or, in the case of DAT1 9/10 VNTR, commonly reported associations with ADHD. A sample of 110 children with ASD Was assessed with a rigorously validated DSM-IV-referenced rating scale. Global EMD severity (parents' ratings) was associated with DAT1 intron8 (eta p(2)=.063) and rs2283265 (eta p(2)=.044). Findings for DAT1 intron8 were also significant for two EMD subscales, generalized anxiety (eta p(2)=.065) and depression (eta p(2)=.059), and for DRD2 rs2283265, depression (eta p(2)=.053). DRD2 rs2283265 was associated with teachers' global ratings of ADHD (eta p(2) =.052). DAT1 intron8 was associated with parent-rated hyperactivity (eta p(2) =.045) and both DAT1 9/10 VNTR (eta p(2)=.105) and DRD2 rs2283265 (eta p(2)=.069) were associated with teacher-rated inattention. These findings suggest that dopaminergic gene polymorphisms may modulate EMD and ADHD symptoms in children with ASD but require replication with larger independent samples. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gadow, Kenneth D.; Perlman, Greg] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pinsonneault, Julia K.; Sadee, Wolfgang] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Ctr Pharmacogen, Dept Pharmacol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Gadow, KD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Putnam Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1658 EP 1665 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.007 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500023 PM 24780147 ER PT J AU Li, XM Wang, K Wu, JX Hong, YF Zhao, JP Feng, XJ Xu, M Wang, M Ndasauka, Y Zhang, XC AF Li, Xiaoming Wang, Kai Wu, Jianxian Hong, Yongfeng Zhao, Jingpu Feng, Xiaojun Xu, Mei Wang, Min Ndasauka, Yamikani Zhang, Xiaochu TI The link between impaired theory of mind and executive function in children with cerebral palsy SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Cerebral palsy; Theory of mind; Executive function ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LATENT VARIABLE ANALYSIS; WORKING-MEMORY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PERFORMANCE; BELIEFS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; COMPREHENSION; PRESCHOOLERS; DISABILITIES AB The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between theory of mind (ToM) deficits and executive function (EF) impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP), 42 CP with children and 42 typically developing (TD) children, acting as controls, were assessed on the tasks of ToM (false belief and faux pas) and EF (inhibition, updating and shifting). Results showed that CP children had deficits both in ToM and EF tasks. The correlation analyses showed that two EF components (inhibition and updating) were strongly related to false belief and faux pas in both two groups. We also found correlation between shifting and false belief and faux pas. However, this correlation was only found in TD children and not in children with CP. These findings suggest that children with CP lag behind TD children in both ToM and EF. Further, the results reveal, interestingly, that ToM deficits in CP children might be related to their inhibition and updating impairments, but not to shifting impairments. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xiaoming; Zhang, Xiaochu] Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Brain Funct & Dis, Hefei 230027, Anhui Province, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaoming; Zhang, Xiaochu] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci, Hefei 230027, Anhui Province, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaoming; Wang, Kai] Anhui Med Univ, Dept Med Psychol, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, Peoples R China. [Wu, Jianxian; Hong, Yongfeng; Zhao, Jingpu; Feng, Xiaojun; Xu, Mei] Anhui Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Rehabil Med, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, Peoples R China. [Wang, Min] Anhui Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Rehabil Med, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, Peoples R China. [Ndasauka, Yamikani; Zhang, Xiaochu] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Li, XM (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Brain Funct & Dis, Hefei 230027, Anhui Province, Peoples R China. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1686 EP 1693 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.017 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500026 PM 24685096 ER PT J AU Machalicek, W McDuffie, A Oakes, A Ma, M Thurman, AJ Rispoli, MJ Abbeduto, L AF Machalicek, Wendy McDuffie, Andrea Oakes, Ashley Ma, Monica Thurman, Angela John Rispoli, Mandy J. Abbeduto, Leonard TI Examining the operant function of challenging behavior in young males with fragile X syndrome: A summary of 12 cases SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Challenging behavior; Fragile X syndrome; Functional analysis; Functional behavior assessment ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; PHENOTYPE; ATTENTION; TOPOGRAPHIES; DISABILITIES; QUESTIONS AB This study used experimental functional analyses to examine the operant function of challenging behaviors exhibited by 12 males (ages 27-51 months) with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Eight children met criteria for negatively reinforced challenging behavior in the form of escape from demands and/or escape from social interactions. Nine children met criteria for positively reinforced challenging behavior in the form of obtaining access to highly preferred items. Attention was identified as a maintaining consequence for three children. The functional analysis was inconclusive for one child. Results suggest that, for young males with FXS, challenging behaviors may more likely be tangibly and escape maintained than attention maintained. Our findings affirm past research suggesting a unique behavioral phenotype for this population. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Machalicek, Wendy] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [McDuffie, Andrea; Oakes, Ashley; Ma, Monica; Thurman, Angela John; Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA USA. [Rispoli, Mandy J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Machalicek, W (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Special Educ & Clin Sci, 901 East 18th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. 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TI Deeper processing is beneficial during episodic memory encoding for adults with Williams syndrome SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Williams Syndrome; Ageing; Cognition; Episodic memory; Semantic memory; Depths of processing; Encoding ID LONG-TERM-MEMORY; AGE-DIFFERENCES; DOWN-SYNDROME; OLDER-ADULTS; RECOLLECTION; FAMILIARITY; TASK; INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; PERFORMANCE AB Previous research exploring declarative memory in Williams syndrome (WS) has revealed impairment in the processing of episodic information accompanied by a relative strength in semantic ability. The aim of the current study was to extend this literature by examining how relatively spared semantic memory may support episodic remembering. Using a level of processing paradigm, older adults with WS (aged 35-61 years) were compared to typical adults of the same chronological age and typically developing children matched for verbal ability. In the study phase, pictures were encoded using either a deep (decide if a picture belongs to a particular category) or shallow (perceptual based processing) memory strategy. Behavioural indices (reaction time and accuracy) at retrieval were suggestive of an overall difficulty in episodic memory for WS adults. Interestingly, however, semantic support was evident with a greater recall of items encoded with deep compared to shallow processing, indicative of an ability to employ semantic encoding strategies to maximise the strength of the memory trace created. Unlike individuals with autism who find semantic elaboration strategies problematic, the pattern of findings reported here suggests in those domains that are relatively impaired in WS, support can be recruited from relatively spared cognitive processes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Greer, Joanna; Hamiliton, Colin; Riby, Leigh M.] Northumbria Univ, Dept Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1720 EP 1726 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.004 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500030 PM 24679545 ER PT J AU Mertz, LGB Thaulov, P Trillingsgaard, A Christensen, R Vogel, I Hertz, JM Ostergaard, JR AF Mertz, Line Granild Bie Thaulov, Per Trillingsgaard, Anegen Christensen, Rikke Vogel, Ida Hertz, Jens Michael Ostergaard, John R. TI Neurodevelopmental outcome in Angelman syndrome: Genotype-phenotype correlations SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Angelman syndrome; 15q11.2-q13; Language skills; Autism; ADDS; Mullen; Intellectual disability ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DISTINCT PHENOTYPES; DELETION; DIAGNOSIS; FEATURES AB Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, lack of speech, and epileptic seizures. Previous studies have indicated that children with AS due to 15q11.2-q13 deletions have a more severe developmental delay and present more often autistic features than those with AS caused by other genetic etiologies. The present study investigated the neurodevelopmental profiles of the different genetic etiologies of AS, and examined the evolution of mental development and autistic features over a 12-year period in children with a 15q11.2-q13 deletion. This study included 42 children with AS. Twelve had a Class I deletion, 18 had Class II deletions, three showed atypical large deletions, five had paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD) and four had UBE3A mutations. Children with a deletion (Class I and Class II) showed significantly reduced developmental age in terms of visual perception, receptive language, and expressive language when compared to those with a UBE3A mutation and pUPD. Within all subgroups, expressive language performance was significantly reduced when compared to the receptive performance. A follow-up study of seven AS cases with 15q11.2-q13 deletions revealed that over 12 years, the level of autistic features did not change, but both receptive and expressive language skills improved. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mertz, Line Granild Bie; Ostergaard, John R.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Ctr Rare Dis, Aarhus, Denmark. [Thaulov, Per] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Psychiat Hosp Children & Adolescents, Aarhus, Denmark. [Trillingsgaard, Anegen] Aarhus Univ, Dept Psychol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Christensen, Rikke; Vogel, Ida] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Aarhus, Denmark. [Hertz, Jens Michael] Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Odense, Denmark. RP Mertz, LGB (reprint author), Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Ctr Rare Dis, Aarhus, Denmark. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1742 EP 1747 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.018 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500033 PM 24656292 ER PT J AU Tureck, K Matson, JL Cervantes, P Konst, MJ AF Tureck, Kim Matson, Johnny L. Cervantes, Paige Konst, Matthew J. TI An examination of the relationship between autism spectrum disorder, intellectual functioning, and comorbid symptoms in children SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Intellectual functioning; Comorbid symptoms; Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for; Children (ASD-CC) ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PDD-NOS; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; DIAGNOSTIC FIDELITY; ANXIETY SYMPTOMS; INFANT SCREEN; ASD-CC; ADULTS; DEPRESSION AB There is a deficiency of research looking at how rates of comorbid psychopathology are effected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual functioning level. The present study aimed to extend the literature in this area by evaluating how ASD and IQ scores are related to ratings on a measure of comorbid symptoms. Twenty-three children with ASD and 87 children without ASD participated in this study. Rates of tantrum behavior, avoidant behavior, worry/depressed, repetitive behavior, under-eating, over-eating, and conduct behavior were examined utilizing the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Children (ASD-CC). Correlational and multiple regression analyses were then conducted. ASD diagnosis significantly predicted rates of tantrum behavior, avoidant behavior, and repetitive behavior. Children with ASD tended to have higher rates of all three of these comorbid symptoms than children without ASD. Although not statistically significant, there was a negative correlation between IQ and rates of comorbid symptoms, such that children with higher IQ scores tended to have lower rates of comorbid symptoms. The implications of these findings on assessment and intervention are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tureck, Kim; Matson, Johnny L.; Cervantes, Paige; Konst, Matthew J.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Adams, Hilary TI Prevalence of co-occurring disorders in a sample of adults with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities who reside in a residential treatment setting SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Intellectual disability; Developmental disabilities; Dual diagnosis; Comorbidity; Co-occurring conditions; Adults ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; II DASH-II; DIAGNOSTIC-ASSESSMENT; SOCIAL-SKILLS; COMORBID PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS AB The presence of an intellectual disability (ID) is associated with a myriad of co-occurring conditions, including psychiatric and genetic disorders, behavior problems, physical disabilities, and seizure disorders. Often the most severely affected individuals reside in residential treatment facilities, where they may obtain specialized treatment and management of their challenging behavior. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1802 EP 1808 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.027 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA AH3GK UT WOS:000336011500040 PM 24656808 ER PT J AU O'Dwyer, L Tanner, C van Dongen, EV Greven, CU Braten, J Zwiersl, MP Franke, B Oosterlaan, J Heslenfeld, D Hoekstra, P Hartman, CA Rommelse, N Buitelaar, JK AF O'Dwyer, Laurence Tanner, Colby van Dongen, Eelco V. Greven, Corina U. Braten, Janita Zwiersl, Marcel P. Franke, Barbara Oosterlaan, Jaap Heslenfeld, Dirk Hoekstra, Pieter Hartman, Catharina A. Rommelse, Nanda Buitelaar, Jan K. TI Brain Volumetric Correlates of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE CSBQ; LARGE MULTICENTER ADHD; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; DIAGNOSTIC-APPROACH; LANGUAGE DISORDER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; FAMILIAL TRAIT AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms frequently occur in subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disord (ADHD). While there is evidence that both ADHD and ASD have differential structural correlates, no study to date has nvestigated these structural correlates within a framework that robustly accounts for the phenotypic overlap between the two disorders. The presence of ASD symptoms was measured by the parent-reported Children's Social and Behavioural Questionnaire (CSBQ) in ADHD subject n = 180) their unaffected siblings (n = 118) and healthy controls (n = 146). ADHD symptoms were assessed by a structured interview K-SADS-PL) and the Conners' ADHD questionnaires. Whole brain T1 Weighted MPRAGE images were acquired and the structural MRI correlates of ASD symptom scores were analysed by modelling ASD symptom scores against white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) volumes using mixed effects models which controlled for ADHD symptom levels. ASD symptoms were significantly elevated in ADHD subjects relative to bot h controls and unaffected siblings. ASD scores were predicted by the interaction between WM and GM volumes. Increasing ASD score was associated with greater GM volume. Equivocal results from previous structural studies in ADHD and ASD may be due to the fact that comorbidity has not been taken into account in studies to date. The current findings stress he need. to account for issues of ASD comorbidity ADHD. C1 [O'Dwyer, Laurence; van Dongen, Eelco V.; Greven, Corina U.; Braten, Janita; Zwiersl, Marcel P.; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Cognit Neurosci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Tanner, Colby] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Greven, Corina U.] Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Braten, Janita; Franke, Barbara] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Franke, Barbara; Rommelse, Nanda] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Psychiat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Oosterlaan, Jaap; Heslenfeld, Dirk] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Neuropsychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Heslenfeld, Dirk] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Cognit Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hoekstra, Pieter; Hartman, Catharina A.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr Nij, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP O'Dwyer, L (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Cognit Neurosci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM larodwyer@gmail.com RI Zwiers, Marcel/D-2968-2009; Franke, Barbara/D-4836-2009 OI Zwiers, Marcel/0000-0001-5483-2935; Franke, Barbara/0000-0003-4375-6572 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1MH62873]; NWO Large Investment Grant [1750102007010]; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; University Medical Center Groningen and Accare; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [278948]; Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI) under (EU-AIMS) [115300-01]; Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (IRCSET) FX The NeuroIMAGE study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant RO1MH62873 (to Stephen V. Faraone), NWO Large Investment Grant 1750102007010 (to Jan Buitelaar) and matching grants from Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen and Accare, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The research leading to these results also received support from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 278948 (TACTICS), and from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI) under grant agreement number 115300-01 (EU-AIMS). CT was supported by a fellowship from the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (IRCSET). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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C. de la Torre, Rafael Farre, Magi Yubero-Lahoz, Samanta Dziobek, Isabel Van den Bos, Wouter Ramaekers, Johannes G. TI No Evidence that MDMA-Induced Enhancement of Emotional Empathy Is Related to Peripheral Oxytocin Levels or 5-HT1a Receptor Activation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE MDMA; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; PROSOCIAL FEELINGS; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; VERBAL MEMORY; BETA-BLOCKER; ECSTASY; HUMANS AB The present study aimed at investigating the effect of MDMA on measures of empathy and social interaction, and the roles of oxytocin and the 5-HT1A receptor in these effects. The design was placebo-controlled within-subject with 4 treatment conditions: MDMA (75 mg), with or without pindolol (20 mg), oxytocin nasal spray (40 IU+16 IU) or placebo. Participants were 20 healthy poly-drug MDMA users, aged between 18-26 years. Cognitive and emotional empathy were assessed by means of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Multifaceted Empathy Test. Social interaction, defined as trust and reciprocity, was assessed by means of a Trust Game and a Social Ball Tossing Game. Results showed that MDMA selectively affected emotional empathy and left cognitive empathy, trust and reciprocity unaffected. When combined with pindolol, these effects remained unchanged. Oxytocin did not affect measures of empathy and social interaction. Changes in emotional empathy were not related to oxytocin plasma levels. It was concluded that MDMA (75 mg) selectively enhances emotional empathy in humans. While the underlying neurobiological mechanism is still unknown, it is suggested that peripheral oxytocin does not seem to be the main actor in this; potential candidates are the serotonin 2A and the vasopressin 1A receptors. C1 [Kuypers, Kim P. C.; Ramaekers, Johannes G.] Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Neuropsychol & Psychopharmacol, Maastricht, Netherlands. [de la Torre, Rafael; Farre, Magi; Yubero-Lahoz, Samanta] Hosp Mar, IMIM, Res Inst, Human Pharmacol & Clin Neurosci Res Grp, Barcelona, Spain. [Dziobek, Isabel] Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [Van den Bos, Wouter] Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Adapt Rational ARC, Berlin, Germany. RP Kuypers, KPC (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol & Neurosci, Dept Neuropsychol & Psychopharmacol, Maastricht, Netherlands. EM k.kuypers@maastrichtuniversity.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [400-07-2013] FX This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Grant number: 400-07-2013, awarded to JR and KK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Here, we investigated whether this bias might also be demonstrated by individuals who exhibit sub-clinical levels of autistic traits, as has been found for other aspects of autistic cognition. The eye-movements of 71 university students were monitored as they completed a reading comprehension task. Consistent with previous studies, participants made shorter fixations on words that were highly predicted on the basis of preceding sentence context. However, contrary to the weak central coherence account, this effect was not reduced amongst individuals with high levels of autistic traits, as measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Further exploratory analyses revealed that participants with high AQ scores fixated longer on words that resolved the meaning of an earlier homograph. However, this was only the case for sentences where the two potential meanings of the homograph result in different pronunciations. The results provide tentative evidence for differences in reading style that are associated with autistic traits, but fail to support the notion of weak central coherence extending into the non-autistic population. C1 [Caruana, Nathan; Brock, Jon] Macquarie Univ, Dept Cognit Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Brock, Jon] Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM jon.brock@mq.edu.au FU Australian Research Council Australian Research Fellowship [DP098466]; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders [CE110001021] FX Jon Brock was supported by an Australian Research Council Australian Research Fellowship (Grant DP098466). He is a Chief Investigator at the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (Grant CE110001021). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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However, it remains unknown whether neonatal isolation can induce autistic-like behaviors, and if so, whether pharmacological treatment can overcome it. Here, we reported that newborn rats subjected to individual isolations from their mother and nest for 1 h per day from postnatal days 1-9 displayed apparent autistic-like symptoms including social deficits, excessive repetitive self-grooming behavior, and increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors tested in young adult (postnatal days 42-56) compared to normal reared controls. Furthermore, these behavioral changes were accompanied by impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis and reduced the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmissions, as reflected by an increase in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) and normal spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron. More importantly, chronic administration of lithium, a clinically used mood stabilizer, completely overcame neonatal isolation-induced autistic-like behaviors, and restored adult hippocampal neurogenesis as well as the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activities to physiological levels. These findings indicate that neonatal isolation may produce autistic-like behaviors, and lithium may be a potential therapeutic agent against autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during development. C1 [Wu, Xiaoyan; Bai, Yanrui; Tan, Tao; Li, Hongjie; Zhou, Weihui; Li, Tingyu; Wang, Yu Tian; Dong, Zhifang] Chongqing Med Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Child Dev & Disorders, Childrens Hosp, Chongqing 400014, Peoples R China. [Wu, Xiaoyan; Bai, Yanrui; Tan, Tao; Li, Hongjie; Zhou, Weihui; Li, Tingyu; Dong, Zhifang] Chongqing Med Univ, Childrens Hosp, Chongqing Key Lab Translat Med Res Cognit Dev & L, Chongqing 400014, Peoples R China. [Xia, Shuting; Chang, Xinxia; Zhou, Zikai] Southeast Univ, Inst Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Dev Genes & Human Dis, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yu Tian] Univ British Columbia, Brain Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Dong, ZF (reprint author), Chongqing Med Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Child Dev & Disorders, Childrens Hosp, 136 Zhongshan Er Rd, Chongqing 400014, Peoples R China. EM zfdong@cqmu.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012CB517903, 2014CB548100]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [81271221, 31040085, 31200805, 81070269, 81161120498]; Chongqing International Science and technology Cooperation Foundation [cstc201110003] FX We thank Dr. Loren W. Oschipok for his excellent editorial assistance. This work was supported by 973 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012CB517903 to Zhifang Dong and Weihui Zhou, 2014CB548100 to Zhifang Dong), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271221 and 31040085 to Zhifang Dong, 31200805 to Zikai Zhou, 81070269 to Weihui Zhou and 81161120498 to Tingyu Li), and the Chongqing International Science and technology Cooperation Foundation (cstc201110003 to Zhifang Dong). Yu Tian Wang is the holder of the HSFBC/Y chair in stroke research. 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PD JUN 26 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 234 DI 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00234 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AK1SC UT WOS:000338195200001 PM 25018711 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Huang, CC Cheng, MC Chiu, YN Tsai, WC Wu, YY Liu, SK Gau, SSF AF Chen, Chia-Hsiang Huang, Chia-Chun Cheng, Min-Chih Chiu, Yen-Nan Tsai, Wen-Che Wu, Yu-Yu Liu, Shih-Kai Gau, Susan Shur-Fen TI Genetic analysis of GABRB3 as a candidate gene of autism spectrum disorders SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; GABRB3; Rare variants; Genetics; Case-control association ID RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RECEPTOR; INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; CHROMOSOME 15Q11-Q13; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AB Background: GABRB3 is a position candidate gene at chromosome 15q12 that has been implicated in the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to examine the genetic association of GABRB3 with ASD. Methods: The sample consisted of 356 patients with clinical diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and 386 unrelated controls. We searched for mutations at all the exonic regions and 1.6 Kb of the 5' region of GABRB3 in the genomic DNA of all the participants using the Sanger sequencing. We implemented a case-control association analysis of variants detected in this sample, and conducted a reporter gene assay to assess the functional impact of variants at the 5' regulatory region. Results: We detected six known common SNPs; however, they were not associated with ASD. Besides, a total of 22 rare variants (12 at 5' regulatory, 4 at intronic, and 6 at exonic regions) were detected in 18 patients and 6 controls. The frequency of rare variants was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (18/356 versus 6/386, odds ratio = 3.37, P = 0.007). All the 12 rare variants at the 5' regulatory region were only detected in 7 patients, but not in any of the controls (7/356 versus 0/386, Fisher's exact test, P = 0.006). Two patients carried multiple rare variants. Family studies showed that most of these rare variants were transmitted from their parents. Reporter gene assays revealed that four rare variants at the 5' regulatory region and 1 at exon 1a untranslated region had elevated reporter gene activities compared to two wild type alleles. Conclusions: Our data suggest rare variants of GABRB3 might be associated with ASD, and increased GABRB3 expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD in some patients. C1 [Chen, Chia-Hsiang; Wu, Yu-Yu] Chang Gung Mem Hosp Linkou, Dept Psychiat, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang] Chang Gung Univ, Dept & Grad Inst Biomed Sci, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang; Chiu, Yen-Nan; Tsai, Wen-Che; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang; Chiu, Yen-Nan; Tsai, Wen-Che; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Coll Med, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. [Huang, Chia-Chun] Tzu Chi Univ, Inst Med Sci, Hualien, Taiwan. [Cheng, Min-Chih] Yuli Vet Hosp, Yuli Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Hualien, Taiwan. [Liu, Shih-Kai] Minist Hlth & Welf, Taoyaun Psychiat Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Brain & Mind Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Gau, SSF (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 7 Chung Shan South Rd, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. EM gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw FU National Science Council [NSC96-3112-B-002-033, NSC97-3112-B-002-009, NSC98-3112-B-002-004, NSC 99-3112-B-002-036]; National Taiwan University [10R81918-03, 101R892103, 102R892103] FX This work was supported by grants from National Science Council (NSC96-3112-B-002-033, NSC97-3112-B-002-009, NSC98-3112-B-002-004, and NSC 99-3112-B-002-036 to SSG) and National Taiwan University (AIM for Top University Excellent Research Project: 10R81918-03, 101R892103, 102R892103 to SSG). This work was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (approved number: 9561709027), Taipei, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (approved number, 93-6244), Taoyuan, Taiwan; and Taoyuan Mental Hospital (approved number C20060905), Taoyuan, Taiwan. 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Autism PD JUN 25 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 36 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-5-36 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AK8HY UT WOS:000338669700001 PM 24999380 ER PT J AU Carver, AR Andrikopoulou, M Lei, J Tamayo, E Gamble, P Hou, ZP Zhang, JY Mori, S Saade, GR Costantine, MM Burd, I AF Carver, Alissa R. Andrikopoulou, Maria Lei, Jun Tamayo, Esther Gamble, Phyllis Hou, Zhipeng Zhang, Jiangyang Mori, Susumu Saade, George R. Costantine, Maged M. Burd, Irina TI Maternal Pravastatin Prevents Altered Fetal Brain Development in a Preeclamptic CD-1 Mouse Model SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; NEONATAL HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SEX-DIFFERENCES; IN-UTERO; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; GENE-TRANSFER; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MURINE MODEL AB Objective: Using an animal model, we have previously shown that preeclampsia results in long-term adverse neuromotor outcomes in the offspring, and this phenotype was prevented by antenatal treatment with pravastatin. This study aims to localize the altered neuromotor programming in this animal model and to evaluate the role of pravastatin in its prevention. Materials and Methods: For the preeclampsia model, pregnant CD-1 mice were randomly allocated to injection of adenovirus carrying sFlt-1 or its control virus carrying mFc into the tail vein. Thereafter they received pravastatin (sFlt-1-pra "experimental group'') or water (sFlt-1 "positive control'') until weaning. The mFc group ("negative control'') received water. Offspring at 6 months of age were sacrificed, and whole brains underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRIs were performed using an 11.7 Tesla vertical bore MRI scanner. T2 weighted images were acquired to evaluate the volumes of 28 regions of interest, including areas involved in adaptation and motor, spatial and sensory function. Cytochemistry and cell quantification was performed using neuron-specific Nissl stain. One-way ANOVA with multiple comparison testing was used for statistical analysis. Results: Compared with control offspring, male sFlt-1 offspring have decreased volumes in the fimbria, periaquaductal gray, stria medullaris, and ventricles and increased volumes in the lateral globus pallidus and neocortex; however, female sFlt-1 offspring showed increased volumes in the ventricles, stria medullaris, and fasciculus retroflexus and decreased volumes in the inferior colliculus, thalamus, and lateral globus pallidus. Neuronal quantification via Nissl staining exhibited decreased cell counts in sFlt-1 offspring neocortex, more pronounced in males. Prenatal pravastatin treatment prevented these changes. Conclusion: Preeclampsia alters brain development in sex-specific patterns, and prenatal pravastatin therapy prevents altered neuroanatomic programming in this animal model. C1 [Carver, Alissa R.; Tamayo, Esther; Gamble, Phyllis; Saade, George R.; Costantine, Maged M.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Andrikopoulou, Maria; Lei, Jun; Burd, Irina] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Integrated Res Ctr Fetal Med, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hou, Zhipeng; Zhang, Jiangyang; Mori, Susumu] Johns Hopkins Univ, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Carver, AR (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM arcarver@utmb.edu FU NICHD [K08 HD073315]; NIH [RO1 EB003543]; Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins FX This work was supported by NICHD K08 HD073315 (www.nichd.nih.gov), NIH RO1 EB003543 (www.nih.gov) and grant support from Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins (www.brainscienceinstitute.org). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa Haaf, Thomas TI Terminal chromosome 4q deletion syndrome in an infant with hearing impairment and moderate syndromic features: review of literature SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Review DE Genotype-phenotype association; Copy number variation; Parent-of-origin; SNP array; Terminal 4q deletion syndrome ID FACTOR-XI DEFICIENCY; 2 UNRELATED PATIENTS; CRITICAL REGION; LONG ARM; ARRAY-CGH; 1 GENE; INDIVIDUALS; 4Q-SYNDROME; MICE; IMBALANCES AB Background: Terminal deletions of chromosome 4q are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes including cardiac, craniofacial, digital, and cognitive impairment. The rarity of this syndrome renders genotype-phenotype correlation difficult, which is further complicated by the widely different phenotypes observed in patients sharing similar deletion intervals. Case presentation: Herein, we describe a boy with congenital hearing impairment and a variety of moderate syndromic features that prompted SNP array analysis disclosing a heterozygous 6.9 Mb deletion in the 4q35.1q35.2 region, which emerged de novo in the maternal germ line. Conclusion: In addition to the index patient, we review 35 cases from the literature and DECIPHER database to attempt genotype-phenotype correlations for a syndrome with great phenotypic variability. We delineate intervals with recurrent phenotypic overlap, particularly for cleft palate, congenital heart defect, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. Broad phenotypic presentation of the terminal 4q deletion syndrome is consistent with incomplete penetrance of the individual symptoms. C1 [Vona, Barbara; Nanda, Indrajit; Neuner, Cordula; Schroeder, Joerg; Haaf, Thomas] Univ Wurzburg, Biozentrum, Inst Human Genet, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Kalscheuer, Vera M.] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Dept Human Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa] Comprehens Hearing Ctr, Dept ORL Plast Aesthet & Reconstruct Head & Neck, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Haaf, T (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Biozentrum, Inst Human Genet, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM thomas.haaf@uni-wuerzburg.de FU German Research Foundation [HA 1374/7-2]; University of Wurzburg FX The authors are grateful for the participation of the family for their willingness to engage in this study. We also thank Prof. Dr. Holger Thiele from the Cologne Center for Genomics for constructive dialogue about HaploPainter, Dr. Christopher Riley at Phoenix Children's Hospital for clinical assessment, and Andrea Horning for assistance with karyotype analysis. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (grant no. HA 1374/7-2) and the University of Wurzburg in the funding programme Open Access Publishing. 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Whereas some authors claim that ToM is needed for EF, others argue that ToM requires EF. To date, however, studies examining the longitudinal relationship between distinct sub components of EF [i.e., attention shifting, working memory (WM) updating, inhibition] and ToM in middle childhood are rare. The present study examined (1) the relationship between three EF subcomponents (attention shifting, WM updating, inhibition) and ToM in middle childhood, and (2) the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between the EF subcomponents and ToM across a 1-year period. EF and ToM measures were assessed experimentally in a sample of 1,657 children (aged 6-11 years) at time point one (t1) and 1 year later at time point two (t2). Results showed that the concurrent relationships between all three EF subcomponents and ToM pertained in middle childhood at t1 and t2, respectively, even when age, gender, and fluid intelligence were partialle dout. 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Psychol. PD JUN 24 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 655 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00655 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AK9CG UT WOS:000338724500001 PM 25009527 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI GENE DELETION LINKED TO AUTISM IN MICE SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 EI 1520-605X J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD JUN 23 PY 2014 VL 92 IS 25 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA AR2DK UT WOS:000343393600039 ER PT J AU Kondapalli, KC Prasad, H Rao, R AF Kondapalli, Kalyan C. Prasad, Hari Rao, Rajini TI An inside job: how endosomal Na+/H+ exchangers link to autism and neurological disease SO FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE SLC9A9; SLC9A6; sodium proton exchanger; autism; Christianson syndrome; ADHD; endosomes; trafficking ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SEVERE MENTAL-RETARDATION; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; ANGELMAN-LIKE SYNDROME; CHRISTIANSON SYNDROME; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; SLC9A6 GENE; RECYCLING ENDOSOMES AB Autism imposes a major impediment to childhood development and a huge emotional and financial burden on society. In recent years, there has been rapidly accumulating genetic evidence that links the eNHE, a subset of Na+/H+ exchangers that localize to intracellular vesicles, to a variety of neurological conditions including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability, and epilepsy. By providing a leak pathway for protons pumped by the V-ATPase, eNHE determine luminal pH and regulate cation (Na+, K+) content in early and recycling endosomal compartments. Loss-of-function mutations in eNHE cause hyperacidification of endosomal lumen, as a result of imbalance in pump and leak pathways. Two isoforms, NHE6 and NHE9 are highly expressed in brain, including hippocampus and cortex. Here, we summarize evidence for the importance of luminal cation content and pH on processing, delivery and fate of cargo. Drawing upon insights from model organisms and mammalian cells we show how eNHE affect surface expression and function of membrane receptors and neurotransmitter transporters. These studies lead to cellular models of eNHE activity in pre- and post-synaptic neurons and astrocytes, where they could impact synapse development and plasticity. The study of eNHE has provided new insight on the mechanism of autism and other debilitating neurological disorders and opened up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. C1 [Kondapalli, Kalyan C.; Prasad, Hari; Rao, Rajini] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rrao@jhmi.edu FU NIH [DK054214]; AHA postdoctoral fellowship [11POST7380034]; International Fulbright Science and Technology FX This work was supported by a grant from the NIH (DK054214) to Rajini Rao and an AHA postdoctoral fellowship (11POST7380034) to Kalyan C. Kondapalli and International Fulbright Science and Technology Award to Hari Prasad. 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Cell. Neurosci. PD JUN 23 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 172 DI 10.3389/fncel.2014.00172 PG 21 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AJ5MP UT WOS:000337727700001 PM 25002837 ER PT J AU Kessler, K Cao, LY O'Shea, KJ Wang, HF AF Kessler, Klaus Cao, Liyu O'Shea, Kieran J. Wang, Hongfang TI A cross-culture, cross-gender comparison of perspective taking mechanisms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE perspective taking; embodied transformation; line of sight; culture differences; gender differences; egocentric bias ID SOCIAL COGNITION; SPECIES FOLLOW; CHILDREN; HUMANS; GAZE; DISSOCIATION; PERCEPTION; AUTISM; ADULTS; SKILLS AB Being able to judge another person's visuo-spatial perspective is an essential social skill, hence we investigated the generalizability of the involved mechanisms across cultures and genders. Developmental, cross-species, and our own previous research suggest that two different forms of perspective taking can be distinguished, which are subserved by two distinct mechanisms. The simpler form relies on inferring another's line-of-sight, whereas the more complex form depends on embodied transformation into the other's orientation in form of a simulated body rotation. Our current results suggest that, in principle, the same basic mechanisms are employed by males and females in both, East-Asian (EA; Chinese) and Western culture. However, we also confirmed the hypothesis that Westerners show an egocentric bias, whereas EAs reveal an other-oriented bias. Furthermore, Westerners were slower overall than EAs and showed stronger gender differences in speed and depth of embodied processing. Our findings substantiate differences and communalities in social cognition mechanisms across genders and two cultures and suggest that cultural evolution or transmission should take gender as a modulating variable into account. C1 [Kessler, Klaus; Cao, Liyu; O'Shea, Kieran J.; Wang, Hongfang] Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Kessler, Klaus; Wang, Hongfang] Aston Univ, Aston Brain Ctr, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. RP Kessler, K (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM k.kessler@aston.ac.uk FU ESRC [RES-000-22-4325] FX This research was supported by ESRC funding to K.K. (RES-000-22-4325). 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1785 AR 20140388 DI 10.1098/rspb.2014.0388 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AH0LT UT WOS:000335812100020 PM 24807256 ER PT J AU Zerbo, O Yoshida, C Grether, JK Van de Water, J Ashwood, P Delorenze, GN Hansen, RL Kharrazi, M Croen, LA AF Zerbo, Ousseny Yoshida, Cathleen Grether, Judith K. Van de Water, Judy Ashwood, Paul Delorenze, Gerald N. Hansen, Robin L. Kharrazi, Marty Croen, Lisa A. TI Neonatal cytokines and chemokines and risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder: the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study: a case-control study SO JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION LA English DT Article DE Newborn; Cytokines; Chemokines; Autism spectrum disorders ID HISTORIC BIRTH COHORT; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CHILDREN; BRAIN; DYSFUNCTION; PREGNANCY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PREVALENCE; ACTIVATION; INFECTION AB Background: Biologic markers of infection and inflammation have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) but prior studies have largely relied on specimens taken after clinical diagnosis. Research on potential biologic markers early in neurodevelopment is required to evaluate possible causal pathways and screening profiles. Objective: To investigate levels of cytokines and chemokines in newborn blood specimens as possible early biologic markers for autism. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study nested within the cohort of infants born from July 2000 to September 2001 to women who participated in the prenatal screening program in Orange County, California, USA. The study population included children ascertained from the California Department of Developmental Services with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, n = 84), or developmental delay but not ASD (DD, n = 49), and general population controls randomly sampled from the birth certificate files and frequency matched to ASD cases on sex, birth month and birth year (GP, n = 159). Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were measured in archived neonatal blood specimens collected for routine newborn screening. Results: Cytokines were not detected in the vast majority of newborn samples regardless of case or control status. However, the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was elevated and the chemokine Regulated upon Activation Normal T-Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) was decreased in ASD cases compared to GP controls. The chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and RANTES were decreased in children with DD compared to GP controls. Conclusion: Measurement of immune system function in the first few days of life may aid in the early identification of abnormal neurodevelopment and shed light on the biologic mechanisms underlying normal neurodevelopment. C1 [Zerbo, Ousseny; Yoshida, Cathleen; Grether, Judith K.; Delorenze, Gerald N.; Croen, Lisa A.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Grether, Judith K.; Kharrazi, Marty] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Van de Water, Judy; Ashwood, Paul; Hansen, Robin L.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hansen, Robin L.] Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Zerbo, O (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM ousseny.x.zerbo@kp.org FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [3R01ES016669]; National Institute of Mental Health [5R01MH072565] FX The study was supported by grants 3R01ES016669 from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; 5R01MH072565 from the National Institute of Mental Health. 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Neuroinflamm. PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 11 AR 113 DI 10.1186/1742-2094-11-113 PG 9 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AL0AR UT WOS:000338790200001 PM 24951035 ER PT J AU Lorenz, T Heinitz, K AF Lorenz, Timo Heinitz, Kathrin TI Aspergers - Different, Not Less: Occupational Strengths and Job Interests of Individuals with Asperger's Syndrome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SELF-EFFICACY; AUTISM; ADULTS; WORK; METAANALYSIS; EXPERIENCES; THINKING; ABILITY; TALENT; FIT AB Rooted in the neurodiversity approach, this study provides an overview of the strengths and interests of individuals with Asperger's Syndrome. We interviewed136 individuals with Asperger's Syndrome and 155 neurotypical individuals via an online survey with regards to (a) demography, (b) occupational strengths, (c) general self-efficacy, (d) occupational self-efficacy, and (e) the job interest profile according to Holland. The vocational and educational fields of the individuals with Asperger's in the sample are more diverse than and surpass those classical fields stated in research and biographical literature. The comparison of both groups in cross-tables showed that the indicated strengths differ in several areas (Phi(Cramer) =.02-.47), which means that a specific strength profile can be derived, and this profile goes beyond the clinical view of the diagnostic criteria. Individuals with Asperger's indicate lower self-efficacy, both general and occupational. Furthermore, a high concentration of individuals with Asperger's can be found in the areas I (Investigative) and C (Conventional) of Holland's RIASEC model. C1 [Lorenz, Timo; Heinitz, Kathrin] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Psychol, Berlin, Germany. RP Lorenz, T (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Dept Psychol, Berlin, Germany. 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Segal, David J. TI The prospect of molecular therapy for Angelman syndrome and other monogenic neurologic disorders SO BMC NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Artificial transcription factor; Engineered zinc finger; TALE; CRISPR; Gene regulation; Gene therapy; Blood-brain barrier; Angelman syndrome; Autism spectrum disorders ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; ARTIFICIAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GENE-THERAPY; MOUSE MODEL; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; BUILDING-BLOCKS; DNA RECOGNITION; KINASE-II; EXPRESSION AB Background: Angelman syndrome is a monogenic neurologic disorder that affects 1 in 15,000 children, and is characterized by ataxia, intellectual disability, speech impairment, sleep disorders, and seizures. The disorder is caused by loss of central nervous system expression of UBE3A, a gene encoding a ubiquitin ligase. Current treatments focus on the management of symptoms, as there have not been therapies to treat the underlying molecular cause of the disease. However, this outlook is evolving with advances in molecular therapies, including artificial transcription factors a class of engineered DNA-binding proteins that have the potential to target a specific site in the genome. Results: Here we review the recent progress and prospect of targeted gene expression therapies. Three main issues that must be addressed to advance toward human clinical trials are specificity, toxicity, and delivery. Conclusions: Artificial transcription factors have the potential to address these concerns on a level that meets and in some cases exceeds current small molecule therapies. We examine the possibilities of such approaches in the context of Angelman syndrome, as a template for other single-gene, neurologic disorders. C1 [Segal, David J.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Segal, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM djsegal@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NS071028]; Angelman Syndrome Foundation; Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics; NSF graduate fellowship [0707429]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Med into Grad Initiative [56005706] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NS071028), the Angelman Syndrome Foundation, and the Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics. BJB was also supported by an NSF graduate fellowship (0707429) and a grant to UC Davis from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Med into Grad Initiative (56005706). 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