FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kawasaki, Y Yokota, K Shinomiya, M Hiramatsu, K Yumoto, M Shimizu, Y Niwa, S AF Kawasaki, Y Yokota, K Shinomiya, M Hiramatsu, K Yumoto, M Shimizu, Y Niwa, S TI Frontolimbic dysfunction as a pathogenetic mechanism of autism: Localization of paroxysmal abnormality in the magnetoencephalogram. SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress of the Japan-Epilepsy-Society CY OCT 05-06, 1995 CL BEPPU, JAPAN SP Japan Epilepsy Soc C1 TOKYO METROPOLITAN HOSP NEUROL,TOKYO,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,TOKYO,JAPAN. YOKOHAMA REHABIL CTR,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. FUKUSHIMA MED COLL,FUKUSHIMA,JAPAN. RP Kawasaki, Y (reprint author), TOKYO METROPOLITAN TAMA HABILITAT CLIN,TOKYO,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JUL PY 1996 VL 37 SU 3 BP 92 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb01862.x PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UZ466 UT WOS:A1996UZ46600051 ER PT J AU Shinomiya, M Kawasaki, Y Yokota, K Shimizu, Y Niwa, S AF Shinomiya, M Kawasaki, Y Yokota, K Shimizu, Y Niwa, S TI Frontal EEG paroxysmal activity emerging in prepuberty and during puberty in autism. SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress of the Japan-Epilepsy-Society CY OCT 05-06, 1995 CL BEPPU, JAPAN SP Japan Epilepsy Soc C1 TOKYO METROPOLITAN TAMA HABILITAT CLIN,TOKYO,JAPAN. TOKYO METROPOLITAN FUCHU GEN HOSP,TOKYO,JAPAN. YOKOHAMA REHABIL CTR,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. FUKUSHIMA MED COLL,FUKUSHIMA,JAPAN. RP Shinomiya, M (reprint author), TOKYO METROPOLITAN HOSP NEUROL,TOKYO,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JUL PY 1996 VL 37 SU 3 BP 93 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb01863.x PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UZ466 UT WOS:A1996UZ46600052 ER PT J AU Scott, FJ BaronCohen, S AF Scott, FJ BaronCohen, S TI Imagining real and unreal things: Evidence of a dissociation in autism SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SRCD Biannual Conference CY 1995 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN ID MENTAL-IMAGERY; SYMBOLIC PLAY; REPRESENTATION; CHILDREN; MIND AB Current theories of visual imagery hold that the same neural processes govern both the representation of real objects and the representation of imagined (but real) objects. Here we test whether the representation of imagined (real) objects and the representation of imagined (but unreal) objects depend on the same or different neurocognitive processes. A likely clinical group for a dissociation between these two types of imagination are children with autism, since they show deficits in imaginative play, impoverished imagination is part of their diagnosis, but they can search for hidden objects. The present study explored imagination in autism using experimental methods. Experiment 1 investigated if children with autism could introduce changes to their representations of people and houses, using Karmiloff-Smith's (1989) technique of asking children to draw ''impossible'' people or houses. Results showed that children with autism were significantly worse than matched controls in their ability to introduce ''unreal'' changes to their representations of people and houses. Instead, they tended to draw real people or objects. Experiment 2 investigated whether the performance in Experiment 1 by children with autism was due to an inability to disengage from ''real world'' representations, as executive dysfunction theorists would argue. To do this, the experimenter instructed them on what to draw and how to draw it. Results showed that even when executive control passed to the experimenter in this way,the children with autism were still significantly impaired in their ability to draw imaginary but unreal things relative to the matched controls. Experiment 3 investigated whether the results from Experiments 1 and 2 arose because of a generativity deficit in autism, which might be the executive dysfunction theorists' alternative account. To test this, the same subjects were given a test of Verbal Fluency and a test of imagining multiple functions of a brick. Results showed that the children with autism were no worse than clinical controls in their ability to generate ideas about real objects, suggesting that a global generativity deficit cannot explain the previous findings. Rather, these results point to a specific impairment in the ability to imagine unreal objects. This is discussed in terms of its possible neural dissociability from other kinds of imagery and in terms of its possible relationship to theory of mind. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPTL PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP Scott, FJ (reprint author), UNIV GREENWICH,DEPT PSYCHOL,SOUTHWOOD SITE,AVERY HILL RD,LONDON SE9 2HB,ENGLAND. 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A., 1965, DERANGED MEMORY Thomas G. V., 1990, INTRO PSYCHOL CHILDR UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD ST JOURNALS DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1162/jocn.1996.8.4.371 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA UY931 UT WOS:A1996UY93100005 PM 23971507 ER PT J AU Tankersley, M Kamps, D Mancina, C Weidinger, D AF Tankersley, M Kamps, D Mancina, C Weidinger, D TI Social interventions for head start children with behavioral risks: Implementation and outcomes SO JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID 3-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AGED CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; SCHOOL; HOME; DISABILITIES; AUTISM AB Conduct disorder is the most prevalent emotional and behavioral disorder of children and youth. Variables associated with the development of conduct disorder include family and school. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a school-based prevention program in countering antisocial behaviors that could lead to the onset of conduct disorder. All students who participated in the program were (a) ages 4 to 5 years, (b) from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) levels, and (c) enrolled in Head Start classrooms. Many lived in inner city settings. The target group (n = 34) and their role models (comparison peers; n = 15) were in the standard Head Start program and participated in the prevention program. The control group (n = 11) participated in the standard Head Start program. The prevention program consisted of (a) affection activities designed to promote positive interactions, and (b) systematic instruction of social skills. After the program was delivered for 10 weeks, a monitoring and generalization phase was incorporated for 3 weeks. Students in the target group showed patterns of interaction and social behavior that began to mirror their comparison peers, whereas the control group remained significantly different in terms of their behaviors. The, results of the study are discussed in relation to the need for systematic instruction of social interactions and behaviors. Further research needs also are identified. C1 KENT STATE UNIV,KENT,OH 44242. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT HUMAN DEV & FAMILY LIFE,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. KANSAS CITY PUBL SCH,SCH DEV PROGRAM,KANSAS CITY,KS. RP Tankersley, M (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,JUNIPER GARDENS CHILDRENS PROJECT,1614 WASHINGTON BLVD,KANSAS CITY,KS 66102, USA. CR Achenbach T. 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M., 1995, Education & Treatment of Children, V18, P243 KAMPS DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P281, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-281 KAMPS DM, 1995, PREVENTING SCH FAILU, V39, P10 KAZDIN AE, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V102, P187, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.102.2.187 LINDEMAN DP, 1993, BEHAV DISORDERS, V19, P67 MCEVOY MA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-193 MCGEE R, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P224, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00010 NIEMEYER J, 1989, OBSERVATIONAL ASSESS Odom S. L., 1993, PLAY TIME SOCIAL TIM ODOM SL, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-307 OLSON SL, 1992, J ABNORMAL CHILD PSY, V20, P250 OSTROSKY M, 1992, COMPREHENSIVE INTERV Ostrosky M. M., 1995, J BEHAV ED, V5, P151, DOI 10.1007/BE02110203 PARKER JG, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V102, P357, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.102.3.357 Patterson G. R., 1992, SOCIAL INTERACTIONAL, V4 PETTIT GS, 1993, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V22, P403 RICHMAN N, 1982, PRESCHOOL SCH BEHAVI Risley T. R., 1995, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC Schorr LB, 1988, OUR REACH BREAKING C Shores R. E., 1993, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V1, P27, DOI 10.1177/106342669300100106 STALLARD P, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P413, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01001.x Strain P. S., 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH STRAIN PS, 1994, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V2, P78 STRAYHORN JM, 1993, BEHAV DISORDERS, V19, P11 TAPP J, 1992, MULTIPLE OPTION OBSE TREMBLAY A, 1981, BEHAV MODIF, V5, P237, DOI 10.1177/014544558152006 WALKER HM, 1995, ACTING CHILD COPING WALKER HM, 1988, REM SPEC EDUC, V9, P8 WEBSTERSTRATTON C, 1993, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V22, P437 WEHBY JH, 1995, BEHAV DISORDERS, V20, P87 WEISBERG P, 1993, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V16, P19 Zaragosa N, 1991, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V16, P260 NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 1063-4266 J9 J EMOT BEHAV DISORD JI J. Emot. Behav. Disord. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 171 EP 181 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA VC293 UT WOS:A1996VC29300004 ER PT J AU Warren, RP Odell, JD Warren, WL Burger, RA Maciulis, A Daniels, WW Torres, AR AF Warren, RP Odell, JD Warren, WL Burger, RA Maciulis, A Daniels, WW Torres, AR TI Strong association of the third hypervariable region of HLA-DR beta 1 with autism SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; HLA-DR; third hypervariable region ID EXTENDED HAPLOTYPES; INCREASED FREQUENCY; T-CELLS; PROTEIN; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN AB We reported that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) including the null allele of the C4B gene and the extended haplotype B44-C30-DR4 is associated with autism. We report now that the third hypervariable region (HVR-3) of certain DR beta 1 alleles have very strong association with autism. The HVR-3 of DR beta 1 * 0401 or the shared HVR-3 alleles DR beta 1 * 0404 and DR beta 1 * 0101, was expressed on extended haplotypes in 23 of 50 (46%) autistic subjects as compared to only 6 of 79 (7.5%) normal subjects. Another HVR-3 sequence, the DR beta 1 * 0701 allele, was carried on extended haplotypes in 16 (32.0%) of the autistic subjects as compared to 8 (10.1%) of the normal subjects. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Warren, RP (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR PERSONS DISABIL,UMC 6895,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. 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Neuroimmunol. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 67 IS 2 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VD231 UT WOS:A1996VD23100003 PM 8765331 ER PT J AU Fisman, S Steele, M Short, J Byrne, T Lavallee, C AF Fisman, S Steele, M Short, J Byrne, T Lavallee, C TI Case study: Anorexia nervosa and autistic disorder in an adolescent girl SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; anorexia nervosa; obsessions; compulsions; serotonin dysregulation ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; BLOOD SEROTONIN; FENFLURAMINE; RISPERIDONE AB The development of anorexia nervosa in a high-functioning, early adolescent, autistic female is described. This case raises the issue of co-occurrence of childhood-onset disorders sharing the phenomena of obsessions and compulsions. The role of dysregulation of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system as a common underlying mechanism in these disorders is suggested. Psychoactive agents affecting the serotonin system and in particular the atypical neuroleptic risperidone may be of value in these disorders. There is added benefit to the combined use of biological and behavioral therapies. C1 UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ON N6A 3K7,CANADA. RP Fisman, S (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP WESTERN ONTARIO,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,800 COMMISSIONERS RD E,LONDON,ON N6C 2V5,CANADA. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 35 IS 7 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.1097/00004583-199607000-00021 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UT650 UT WOS:A1996UT65000021 PM 8768355 ER PT J AU Vincent, JB Konecki, DS Munstermann, E Bolton, P Poustka, A Poustka, F Gurling, HMD AF Vincent, JB Konecki, DS Munstermann, E Bolton, P Poustka, A Poustka, F Gurling, HMD TI Point mutation analysis of the FMR-1 gene in autism SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE FMR-1; autism; SSCP; polymorphism; genetic; association; sequencing; intronic; ASO analysis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGILE-X; INFANTILE-AUTISM; POLYMORPHISM; MULTIPLEX; FAMILIES AB We have analysed all 17 exons of the human FMR-1 gene for mutations in autistic individuals using single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. We have identified three new polymorphisms. SSCP DNA fragment shifts were found for exons 5, 10 and 11 in autistic individuals and in normal controls. Sequence analysis showed the exon 10 and 11 polymorphisms to result from base substitutions within introns, 14 and 73 bp downstream from the splice site respectively. In exon 5, a G to A base substitution at codon 138 has no effect on amino acid sequence. The intronic polymorphism adjacent to exon 10 was analysed amongst two groups of unrelated autistic individuals - one from the UK and one from Germany - and amongst a control population. Comparison of allele frequencies between Caucasian autism cases and Caucasian controls show a significant increase in the presence of the polymorphic intronic sequence 3' to exon 10 (Fisher's exact test, P=0.01). The base change is at a position where it is unlikely to affect splicing of the FMR-1 transcript and is most likely a neutral variant that has only a spurious false positive association with autism. However further linkage disequilibrium analyses are justifiable. The positive association with autism should be explored in further samples to determine whether it has any validity as a genetic marker for autism. C1 UCL, SCH MED, DEPT PSYCHIAT, MOL PSYCHIAT LAB, LONDON W1P 7PN, ENGLAND. DEUTSCH KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, D-69120 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT PSYCHIAT, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2AH, ENGLAND. UNIV FRANKFURT, DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT, D-60590 FRANKFURT, GERMANY. UNIV LONDON, DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT, LONDON SE5 8AF, ENGLAND. INST PSYCHIAT, MRC, CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT, LONDON SE5 8AF, ENGLAND. 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An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Book Review RP Povinelli, DJ (reprint author), UNIV SW LOUISIANA,LAB COMPARAT BEHAV BIOL,NEW IBERAI RES CTR,4401 W ADMIRAL DOYLE DR,NEW IBERIA,LA 70501, USA. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY De Waal F., 1982, CHIMPANZEE POLITICS Fodor Jerry A., 1983, MODULARITY MIND POVINELLI DJ, 1995, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V18, P418, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93939-U POVINELLI DJ, IN PRESS PSYCHOL SCI POVINELLI DJ, 1996, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V61 Tomasello Michael, 1994, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, V37, P273 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0166-2236 J9 TRENDS NEUROSCI JI Trends Neurosci. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 19 IS 7 BP 299 EP 300 DI 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)60013-7 PG 2 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UT108 UT WOS:A1996UT10800017 ER PT J AU Comings, DE Wu, SJ Chiu, C Muhleman, D Sverd, J AF Comings, DE Wu, SJ Chiu, C Muhleman, D Sverd, J TI Studies of the c-Harvey-Ras gene in psychiatric disorders SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; Tourette's syndrome; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; schizophrenia; genetics; obsessive-compulsive and phobic symptoms ID TOURETTE-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; HA-RAS-1 ALLELES; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; CANCER-PATIENTS; ADHD PROBANDS; CARCINOMA; HYPERACTIVITY; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION AB Herault et al. (1993) previously reported a significant association between autism and the larger fragments of the c-Harvey-Ras (HRAS) Bam H1 polymorphism. We have sought to verify this finding and determine if there was any evidence for an association with other psychiatric disorders. Because of its greater sensitivity, we have examined the HRAS Msp I polymorphism. We found a just significant increase in the prevalence of the > 2.1 kb alleles in 48 subjects with autism versus 50 control subjects. There was no increase in the prevalence of the > 2.1 kb alleles in 164 probands with Tourette's syndrome. Examination of 16 preselected symptom clusters, however, showed a significant trend toward higher scores for obsessive-compulsive and phobic symptoms in > 2.1 kb homozygotes. While this locus requires further study, in conjunction with the results of Herault et al., the present findings suggest that genetic defects in HRAS, and possibly other components of the G protein secondary messenger system, may play a role in some psychiatric disorders. C1 SAGAMORE CHILDRENS HOSP,DIX HILLS,NY 11746. RP Comings, DE (reprint author), CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,DEPT MED GENET,1500 E DUARTE RD,DUARTE,CA 91010, USA. 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PD JUN 26 PY 1996 VL 63 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0165-1781(96)02829-6 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA UY542 UT WOS:A1996UY54200004 PM 8832771 ER PT J AU Verbaten, MN Kemner, C Buitelaar, JK vanRee, JM vanBeijsterveld, CEM vanEngeland, H AF Verbaten, MN Kemner, C Buitelaar, JK vanRee, JM vanBeijsterveld, CEM vanEngeland, H TI Effects of ORG-2766 on brain event-related potentials of autistic children SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE child psychiatry; adrenocorticotropin(4-9); attention; electrophysiology; occipital lobe ID ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE 4-9; DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; CORTICAL EVOKED-POTENTIALS; REACTION-TIME PARADIGM; AUDITORY INFORMATION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; ANALOG ORG-2766; ACTH; STIMULUS AB A double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 6 weeks of treatment with the adrenocorticotropin(4-9) analogue ORG-2766 (40 mg/day) on brain event-related potentials (ERPs) of autistic children, In visual and auditory oddball paradigms (with task and nontask conditions), standard (80%), target (10%), and unexpected novel stimuli (10%) were presented, ORG-2766 (a) increased the occipital P-3 component of the ERP to visual targets, (b) decreased the occipital P-3 component of the ERP to auditory targets, (c) did not affect visual and auditory parietal target P-3 components, and (d) also did not affect the A/P-cz/300 to auditory novel stimuli. In addition, ORG-2766 treatment increased the N-1 component of the ERP to task-irrelevant auditory stimuli. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,NL-3584 CX UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,DEPT PSYCHOPHARMACOL,NL-3584 CX UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,DEPT MED PHARMACOL,NL-3584 CX UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM,DEPT PSYCHONOM,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DSM3R DIAGN STAT MAN ATTNEAVE F, 1954, PSYCHOL REV, V61, P183, DOI 10.1037/h0054663 BORN J, 1986, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V15, P165, DOI 10.1159/000118261 BORN J, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V99, P439, DOI 10.1007/BF00589889 BUITELAAR JK, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1149, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00026 BUITELAAR JK, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P467, DOI 10.1007/BF02216053 COURCHESNE E, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P238, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90063-7 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02212714 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 COURCHESNE E, 1978, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V45, P754, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(78)90143-8 COURCHESNE E, 1975, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V39, P131, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(75)90003-6 DAWSON G, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P493, DOI 10.1007/BF02211869 DONCHIN E, 1981, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V18, P493, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb01815.x FEHMWOLFSDORF G, 1981, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V6, P311, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(81)90016-0 FINN JD, 1978, MULTIVARIANCE USERS JOHNSON R, 1985, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V22, P182, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01584.x KEMNER C, 1994, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V92, P225, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(94)90066-3 KEMNER C, 1995, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V38, P150, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00247-Z KNIGHT RT, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P9, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90016-9 LAFFONT F, 1979, PROG CLIN NEUROPHYS, V6, P280 LINCOLN AJ, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01066417 OADES RD, 1988, INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL, V6, P25, DOI 10.1016/0167-8760(88)90032-3 PRIOR MR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P8, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.8 PRITCHARD WS, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF01495058 ROCKSTROH B, 1981, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V6, P301, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(81)90015-9 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SANDMAN CA, 1985, PEPTIDES, V6, P803, DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(85)90305-5 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 VERBATEN MN, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF02206870 WING L, 1980, SCHEDULE HANDICAPS B WOESTENBURG JC, 1983, BIOL PSYCHOL, V16, P127, DOI 10.1016/0301-0511(83)90059-5 WOESTENBURG JC, 1983, BIOL PSYCHOL, V17, P173, DOI 10.1016/0301-0511(83)90018-2 WOLTERINK G, 1989, NEUROPEPTIDES, V14, P129, DOI 10.1016/0143-4179(89)90070-X NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD JUN 26 PY 1996 VL 63 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0165-1781(96)89319-X PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA UY542 UT WOS:A1996UY54200005 PM 8832772 ER PT J AU Rodier, PM Ingram, JL Tisdale, B Nelson, S Romano, J AF Rodier, PM Ingram, JL Tisdale, B Nelson, S Romano, J TI Embryological origin for autism: Developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE teratology; valproic acid; brain stem; neural tube; Hox genes ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN-STEM; VALPROIC ACID; MOEBIUS SYNDROME; RETINOIC ACID; CELL COUNTS; RAT; TIME; NEURONS; MOUSE AB The underlying brain injury that leads to autism has been difficult to identify. The diagnostic criteria of the disease are not readily associated with any brain region or system, nor are they mimicked by vascular accidents, tumors, or degenerative neurological diseases occurring in adults. Fortuitously, a recent report of autism induced by thalidomide exposure provides evidence that the disease originates by an injury at the time of closure of the neural tube. The human data suggest that the initiating lesion includes the motor cranial nerve nuclei. To test this hypothesis, we first examined motor nuclei in the brainstem of a human autistic case. The autopsy brain exhibited near-complete absence of the facial nucleus and superior olive along with shortening of the brainstem between the trapezoid body and the inferior olive. A similar deficit has been reported in Hoxa-1 gene knockout mice in which pattern formation of the hindbrain is disrupted during neurulation. Alternatively, exposure to antimitotic agents just after neural tube closure could produce the observed pattern of deficits. Thus, the lesions observed in the autopsy case appear to match those predicted by the thalidomide cases in both time of origin and central nervous system (CNS) location. To produce similar brain lesions experimentally, we exposed rat embryos to valproic acid, a second teratogen newly linked to autism. Dams received 350 mg/kg of valproic acid (VPA) on day 11.5 (the day of neural tube closure), day 12, or day 12.5 of gestation. Each treatment significantly reduced the number of motor neurons counted in matched sections of the earliest-forming motor nuclei (V, XII), and progressively later exposures affected tire VIth and IIIrd cranial nerve nuclei. All treatments spared the facial nucleus, which forms still later. Counts from the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and the locus ceruleus were not affected by exposure to VPA, even though these nuclei form during the period when exposure occurred. Despite its effects on the motor nuclei, valproic acid exposure did not alter the further development of the brain in any obvious way. Treated animals were robust and had no external malformations. The autopsy data and experimental data from rats confirm that CNS injuries occurring during or just after neural tube closure can lead to a selective loss of neurons derived from the basal plate of the rhombencephalon. The results add two new lines of evidence that place the initiating injury for autism around the time of neural tube closure. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER, SCH MED, DEPT PSYCHIAT, ROCHESTER, NY 14642 USA. RP Rodier, PM (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER, SCH MED, DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL, BOX 668, 601 ELMWOOD AVE, ROCHESTER, NY 14642 USA. 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Comp. Neurol. PD JUN 24 PY 1996 VL 370 IS 2 BP 247 EP 261 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA UT943 UT WOS:A1996UT94300008 PM 8808733 ER PT J AU Senior, KS AF Senior, KS TI Report on autism was far from 'facile' SO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter RP Senior, KS (reprint author), ROYAL AF,HEADQUARTERS LOGIST COMMAND,HUNTINGDON,CAMBS,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MECHANICAL ENG PUBL LTD PI EDMUNDS PA PO BOX 24, NORTHGATE AVE, BURY ST, EDMUNDS, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND IP32 6BW SN 0953-6639 J9 PROF ENG JI Prof. Eng. PD JUN 19 PY 1996 VL 9 IS 12 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UV424 UT WOS:A1996UV42400021 ER PT J AU WillemsenSwinkels, SHN Buitelaar, JK vanEngeland, H AF WillemsenSwinkels, SHN Buitelaar, JK vanEngeland, H TI The effects of chronic naltrexone treatment in young autistic children: A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; naltrexone; opiate antagonist; social behavior; locomotor activity; beta-endorphins ID ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE 4-9; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BETA-ENDORPHIN; RATING-SCALE; ANALOG; CLASSIFICATION; ORG-2766; TRIAL AB In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial 23 autistic children, aged 3-7 years, were treated with a mean daily dosage of 1 mg/kg naltrexone for 4 weeks. 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Psychiatry PD JUN 15 PY 1996 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00297-9 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA UP701 UT WOS:A1996UP70100006 PM 8780837 ER PT J AU Hush, M AF Hush, M TI Autism report was 'facile' SO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MECHANICAL ENG PUBL LTD PI EDMUNDS PA PO BOX 24, NORTHGATE AVE, BURY ST, EDMUNDS, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND IP32 6BW SN 0953-6639 J9 PROF ENG JI Prof. Eng. PD JUN 5 PY 1996 VL 9 IS 11 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UR945 UT WOS:A1996UR94500037 ER PT J AU Doron, R AF Doron, R TI Autism and social integration - French - Grubar,JC, Martinet,M, Muh,JP, Roger,B SO ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR GRUBER JC, 1994, AUTISME INTEGRATION NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0003-5033 J9 ANN PSYCHOL JI Annee Psychol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 96 IS 2 BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VL155 UT WOS:A1996VL15500015 ER PT J AU Frith, U Happe, F AF Frith, U Happe, F TI Mary has more: Sex differences, autism, coherence, and theory of mind SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; ABILITY; TASK AB We challenge the notion that differences in spatial ability are the best or only explanation for observed sex differences in mathematical word problems. We suggest two ideas from the study of autism: sex differences in theory of mind and in central coherence. C1 UCL, LONDON WC1H 0BT, ENGLAND. RP Frith, U (reprint author), CDU, MRC, 4 TAVITON ST, LONDON WC1H 0BT, ENGLAND. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BEAL CR, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P920, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb03829.x Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SPERBER D, 1987, RELEVANCE VOYER D, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V117, P250, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.250 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 2 BP 253 EP + PG 0 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VW467 UT WOS:A1996VW46700039 ER PT J AU Samuels, MC Brooks, PJ Frye, D AF Samuels, MC Brooks, PJ Frye, D TI Strategic game playing in children through the windows task SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Research-in-Child-Development CY MAR 25-28, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Soc Res Child Dev ID APPEARANCE-REALITY DISTINCTION; FALSE BELIEF; DECEPTION; MARKER; AUTISM; MIND AB Recently, the 'windows task' was devised to explore preschoolers' capacity for strategic deception (Russell, Mauthner, Sharpe & Tidswell, 1991). The windows task required a child to point. at an empty box to obtain a second box which contained a desired object (a chocolate). Russell et al. (1991) found that, unlike older children, 3-year-olds consistently failed to adopt a strategy which would help them win the chocolates. A majority of their 3-year-old subjects perseverated on the wrong response across all trials of their experiment. Two experiments were devised to investigate why 3-year-olds consistently failed the windows task. Experiment 1 included five versions of this task, four of which modified Russell et al.'s instructions to see whether simplified task demands would affect the children's responses, and the fifth attempted to replicate the original wording of Russell et al. (1991). Children in all groups performed well, failing to replicate the perseveration witnessed in that experiment. Performance on the task was found to be unrelated to performance on standard theory of mind tasks. Experiment 2 was devised to replicate exactly the conditions of the Russell et al. (1991) experiment. Again, children had little difficulty solving the task. The present experiments provide evidence that children as young as 3 years can override their desire to reach or point to an object if they need to make a contrary response to obtain the object. These results indicate that executive control limitations as measured by this task cannot sufficiently explain preschoolers' failure on theory of mind tasks. C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Samuels, MC (reprint author), NYU,DEPT PSYCHOL,6 WASHINGTON PL,8TH FLOOR,NEW YORK,NY 10003, USA. CR Boysen S. T., 1993, DEV NUMERICAL COMPET BOYSEN ST, 1990, PSYCH SOC NEW ORL BROOKS PJ, 1995, UNPUB COMPREHENSION CHANDLER M, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P1263, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb04001.x FLAVELL JH, 1983, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V15, P95, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(83)90005-1 GOPNIK A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P26, DOI 10.2307/1130386 GRICE HP, 1957, PHILOS REV, V66, P377, DOI 10.2307/2182440 HALA S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01516.x HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1993, UNERSTANDING OTHER M, P832 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 MITCHELL P, 1991, COGNITION, V39, P107, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90040-B PESKIN J, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P84, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.28.1.84 RUSSELL J, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P301 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SAMUELS MC, 1995, UNPUB PRESCHOOLERS D SODIAN B, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P173 SULLIVAN K, 1993, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V56, P135, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1993.1029 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 ZAITCHIK D, 1991, COGNITIVE DEV, V6, P91, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(91)90008-2 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 14 BP 159 EP 172 PN 2 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UU818 UT WOS:A1996UU81800003 ER PT J AU Jarrold, C AF Jarrold, C TI Autism: An introduction to psychological theory - Happe,F SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Jarrold, C (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. CR Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 14 BP 240 EP 241 PN 2 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UU818 UT WOS:A1996UU81800011 ER PT J AU Wellman, HM Hollander, M Schult, CA AF Wellman, HM Hollander, M Schult, CA TI Young children's understanding of thought bubbles and of thoughts SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID FALSE BELIEF; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; REALITY DISTINCTION; PICTURES; DESIRES; EMOTION; STATES; AUTISM; MIND AB In a series of 4 studies, we explored preschoolers' understanding of thought bubbles. Very few 3-year-olds or 4-year-olds we tested knew what a thought-bubble depiction was without instruction. But, if simply told that the thought bubble ''shows what someone is thinking,'' the vast majority of 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds easily understood the devices as depicting thoughts generally and individual thought contents specifically. In total, these children used thought-bubble depictions to ascertain the contents of characters' thoughts in a variety of situations; appropriately distinguished such depictions from mere associated actions or objects; described thought bubbles in the language of mental states; judged that persons' thoughts in these depictions were-subjective in the sense of person-specific (and hence 2 people can have different thoughts about the same state of affairs); and judged that thought-bubble thoughts (a) were representational in the sense of depicting or showing some other state of affairs, (b) were mental and thus showed intangible, private, internal thoughts unlike real pictures or photographs, and (ci can be false, that is, can depict a person's misrepresentation of some state of affairs. We discuss the implications of these findings for young children's understanding of thoughts and thought bubbles, for their learning and comprehension of pictorial conventions, and for the use of thought bubbles to assess children's early understanding of mind. RP Wellman, HM (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN, CTR HUMAN GROWTH & DEV, 300 N INGALLS, 10TH FLOOR, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. CR Bartsch K., 1995, CHILDREN TALK MIND BARTSCH K, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P946, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03526.x BRETHERTON I, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P906, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.6.906 CHANDLER M, 1987, HUM DEV, V30, P137 CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x DELOACHE JS, 1994, COGNITION, V52, P83, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90063-9 Estes D., 1989, ADV CHILD DEV BEHAV, P41 Flavell J. 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M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND WELLMAN HM, 1988, COGNITION, V30, P239, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90021-2 WELLMAN HM, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P191 WELLMAN HM, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P910, DOI 10.2307/1130367 YUILL N, 1984, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V2, P73 NR 38 TC 55 Z9 56 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 67 IS 3 BP 768 EP 788 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01763.x PG 21 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VA152 UT WOS:A1996VA15200003 PM 8706525 ER PT J AU Baker, S AF Baker, S TI Learning and cognition in autism - Schopler,E, Mesibov,GB SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Baker, S (reprint author), UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. CR SCHOPLER E, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 6 BP 584 EP 586 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA UP777 UT WOS:A1996UP77700040 ER PT J AU Townsend, J Courchesne, E Egaas, B AF Townsend, J Courchesne, E Egaas, B TI Slowed orienting of covert visual-spatial attention in autism: Specific deficits associated with cerebellar and parietal abnormality SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS; SHIFTING ATTENTION; HUMAN-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL SKILLS; BRAIN; CHILDREN; HIPPOCAMPUS; DIASCHISIS AB The most commonly reported finding from structural brain studies in autism is abnormality of the cerebellum. Autopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) studies from nine independent research groups have found developmental abnormality of the cerebellar vermis or hemispheres in the majority of the more than 240 subjects with autism who were studied. We reported previously that patients with autism and those with acquired damage to the cerebellum were slow to shift attention between and within sensory modalities. In this study, we found that patients with autism who come from a group with significant cerebellar abnormality were also slow to orient attention in space. A subgroup of these patients who have additional or corollary parietal abnormality, like previously studied patients with acquired parietal damage, were also slow to detect and respond to information outside an attended location. Posner, Walker, Friedrich, and Rafal (1984) showed that patients with parietal lesions were slow to respond to contralesional information if they were attending an ipsilesional location. This study has replicated that finding in patients with autism who have developmental bilateral parietal abnormality, and found a strong correlation between the attentional deficits and the amount of neuroanatomic parietal abnormality in these patients. This is the first time in the study of autism that there is evidence for a statistically significant association of the size of a specific brain structural abnormality with a specific behavioral deficit. These findings illustrate that in autism different patterns of underlying brain pathology may result in different patterns of functional deficits. In conjunction with previous studies of patients with acquired lesions, these data have implications for the brain bases of normal attention. The cerebellum may affect the speed with which attentional resources can be activated, while the parietal cortex affects the ability to use those resources for efficient information processing at locations outside an attended focus. Deficits in the speed and efficiency with which neural activity can be modulated to facilitate processing can clearly influence cognitive function. Such deficits may contribute to the behavioral disabilities that characterize autism. 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C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT PSYCHOL,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PSYCHOL,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Shields, J (reprint author), NATL AUTIST SOC,STORM HOUSE SCH,PRIORY ANNEXE,ST WILFREDS RD,DONCASTER DN4 6AH,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR BASSER LS, 1962, BRAIN, V85, P427, DOI 10.1093/brain/85.3.427 BENSON DF, 1985, CLIN NEUROLOGY, P1 Benton A. L., 1983, CONTRIBUTIONS NEUROP Benton A. L., 1968, CORTEX, V4, P344 BENTON AL, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P364 BENTON AL, 1968, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V6, P53, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(68)90038-9 Bishop D. V. M., 1987, CLIN DEV MED, V101-2, P16 Bishop D. V. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 6 BP 473 EP 486 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UU875 UT WOS:A1996UU87500002 PM 8647327 ER PT J AU Shields, J Varley, R Broks, P Simpson, A AF Shields, J Varley, R Broks, P Simpson, A TI Social cognition in developmental language disorders and high-level autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDS THEORY; MIND; BELIEFS AB Two groups of children with contrasting types of developmental language disorder (phonologic-syntactic and semantic-pragmatic) were compared with a group of children with high-level autism and with a control group of normal children on tests of social cognition (theory of mind; social comprehension; and detection of eye direction). The similarly poor performances of the semantic-pragmatic group and the autistic group suggest that semantic-pragmatic language disorder lies on the autistic spectrum. C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT PSYCHOL,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PSYCHOL,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Shields, J (reprint author), NATL AUTIST SOC,STORM HOUSE SCH,PRIORY ANNEXE,DONCASTER DN4 6AH,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR ADOLPHS R, 1994, NATURE, V372, P669, DOI 10.1038/372669a0 ALLMAN J, 1994, NATURE, V372, P613, DOI 10.1038/372613a0 AMARAL D G, 1992, P1 BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, V1, P129 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, ORIGINS UNDERSTANDIN BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, M BRIT NEUR SOC QUEE BISHOP DVM, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00992.x BOX GEP, 1950, BIOMETRICS, V6, P362, DOI 10.2307/3001781 BROTHERS L, 1992, SEMIN NEUROSCI, V4, P409, DOI 10.1016/1044-5765(92)90049-8 Brothers L., 1990, CONCEPTS NEUROSCIENC, V1, P27 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 Edgington E.S., 1980, RANDOMIZATION TESTS Elliott C. D., 1977, BRIT ABILITY SCALES EME RF, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P574, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.574 FEIN D, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P258, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.2.258 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 HAPPE F, 1991, THESIS U LONDON HETZLER BE, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01531514 JACOBSON R, 1986, PSYCHOL MED, V16, P439 Johnson RA, 1992, APPLIED MULTIVARIATE Manly B. F. J., 1991, RANDOMIZATION MONTE MORRISON DF, 1990, MULTIVARIATE STATIST OSTROM TM, 1984, HDB SOCIAL COGNITION, V1 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Rapin I., 1987, P 1 INT S SPEC SPEEC SARVIS MA, 1960, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V15, P454 Shields J, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P473 TRANEL D, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P349 Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 YOUNG AW, 1995, BRAIN, V118, P15, DOI 10.1093/brain/118.1.15 NR 36 TC 55 Z9 55 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 6 BP 487 EP 495 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UU875 UT WOS:A1996UU87500003 PM 8647328 ER PT J AU Gingell, K Parmar, R SungumPaliwal, S AF Gingell, K Parmar, R SungumPaliwal, S TI Autism and multiple pituitary deficiency SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE RESPONSE; CHILDREN AB We describe a 9-year-old boy who presented with abnormal development in language and social interaction. He also showed evidence of stereotyped behaviour, thus fulfilling all the criteria for an ICD-10 diagnosis of autism. This was associated with multiple pituitary deficiency. No case of autism associated with hypopituitarism has hitherto been reported. The authors discuss the evidence for linking the two conditions as opposed to accepting them as coincidental. In some studies of autism, anatomical and imaging studies have provided evidence of pathology in the limbic lobe. This lobe plays an essential role in the modification and expression of emotional reactions. Together with other arras, the limbic system sends outputs from the hypothalamus and from theft to the pituitary. Our ease illustrates a possible lint between emotional expression and hypopituitarism. C1 S WARWICKSHIRE MENTAL HLTH TRUST,CHILD & FAMILY SERV,WARWICK,ENGLAND. LANGUAGE UNIT,BIRMINGHAM,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Gingell, K (reprint author), DUDLEY PRIOR HLTH NHS TRUST,ELMS HLTH CTR,SLADE RD,CRADLEY,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BERTHIER ML, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P735, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00023 BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 CHAMBERLAIN RS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V28, P773, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90513-2 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 DEONNA T, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P166 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILLBERG C, 1992, CLIN DEV MED, V126 GILLBERG C, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408551 HASHIMOTO T, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P313 HOSHINO Y, 1989, Neurosciences, V15, P25 KEMPER TL, 1993, NEUROL CLIN, V11, P175 LOWE TL, 1980, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V243, P126, DOI 10.1001/jama.243.2.126 RAGUSA L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P421, DOI 10.1007/BF01046233 REALMUTO GM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P455, DOI 10.1007/BF02216052 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 ZAPPELLA M, 1992, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V1, P170 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 6 BP 545 EP 549 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UU875 UT WOS:A1996UU87500009 PM 8647334 ER PT J AU Gillberg, C Nordin, V Ehlers, S AF Gillberg, C Nordin, V Ehlers, S TI Early detection of autism. Diagnostic instruments for clinicians SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; early diagnosis; screening questionnaires; diagnostic interviews ID BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION; MINOR PHYSICAL ANOMALIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PSYCHOTIC CHILDREN; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SYMPTOMS; VALIDITY; CHECKLIST; SCALE AB Autism and Asperger syndrome are disorders with early childhood onset. They are believed to exist on the same spectrum of impairments of reciprocal communication and social interaction restriction of imagination and behaviour. A number of screening and diagnostic tools have been developed in the field, and several of these are briefly reviewed here. It is concluded that autism may be screened around age 18 months and a diagnosis reliably be made around age 30 months, whereas a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome is not usually suspected, screened or made until into the child's school age. RP Gillberg, C (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,ANNEDALS CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 5 IS 2 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UT501 UT WOS:A1996UT50100002 PM 8814412 ER PT J AU Ehlers, S AF Ehlers, S TI Learning and cognition in autism - Schopler,E, Mesibov,GB SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR SCHOPLER E, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI BERLIN 33 PA C/O SPRINGER-VERLAG, HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, 1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 5 IS 2 BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UT501 UT WOS:A1996UT50100008 ER PT J AU Veneselli, E Biancheri, R Perrone, MV AF Veneselli, E Biancheri, R Perrone, MV TI Neuropsychiatric aspects in the fragile X syndrome SO GIORNALE DI NEUROPSICHIATRIA DELL ETA EVOLUTIVA LA Italian DT Article ID FOLIC-ACID TREATMENT; COGNITIVE PROFILES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; FRA(X) SYNDROME; MALES; AUTISM; CHILDREN; NEUROANATOMY; FEMALES AB The fragile X syndrome is the single most common form of inherited mental retardation, characterized by mental retardation of variable severity associated with a fragile site on the long arm of the X chromosome. It is the result of a ''dynamic'' mutation consisting of an amplification of a simple repeated DNA sequence. Somatic features generally appear in childhood and include increased head circumference, prominence of the ears, forehead and jaw and enlargement of the testes in adults. Mental retardation varies in severity, and the Ie ranges from 20 to 70; certain behavioral abnormalities are frequent, like attention deficit disorder or hyperactivity and stereotypic hand movements in males and anxiety, depression or social disability in females. The association with infantile autism is controversial, particularly around the criteria used to define autism and autistic behavior in the setting of the fragile X syndrome. Seizures occur in approximately 10 percent of patients; the sleep EEG can show peculiar aspects. We propose a screening protocol for school-age children with mental retardation and/or learning disabilities to early identification off-agile X syndrome patients. C1 UNIV GENOA, IST GIANNINA GASLINI, DIV NEUROPSICHIAT INFANTILE, I-16126 GENOA, ITALY. 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Neuropsichiatr. Evol. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA UY410 UT WOS:A1996UY41000007 ER PT J AU Simonova, H AF Simonova, H TI Autism: Behavioral features SO HOMEOSTASIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Article RP Simonova, H (reprint author), FAC MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,KOMENSKEHO 2,CR-66243 BRNO,CZECH REPUBLIC. CR NESNIDALOVA R, 1995, EXTREMNI OSAMELOST Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 PU CIANS-HOMEOSTASIS PI PRAGUE 10 PA C/O NATL INST PUBLIC HEALTH, SROBAROVA 48, PRAGUE 10, CZECH REPUBLIC CZ 100 42 SN 0960-7560 J9 HOMEOSTASIS HLTH DIS JI Homeost. Health Dis. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 3 BP 143 EP 144 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Behavioral Sciences; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA UX044 UT WOS:A1996UX04400014 ER PT J AU Fisher, WW Ninness, HAC Piazza, CC OwenDeSchryver, JS AF Fisher, WW Ninness, HAC Piazza, CC OwenDeSchryver, JS TI On the reinforcing effects of the content of verbal attention SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE functional analysis; behavioral assessment; developmental disabilities; verbal behavior AB During a functional analysis, a boy with autism and oppositional defiant disorder displayed destructive behavior that was maintained by attention in the form of verbal reprimands (e.g., ''Don't hit me''). In a second analysis, contingent verbal reprimands produced higher rates of the behavior than contingent statements that were unrelated to the target response (e.g., ''It is sunny today''), suggesting that some forms of attention were more reinforcing than others. A treatment based on these analyses reduced the behavior to near-zero levels. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Fisher, WW (reprint author), KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,NEUROBEHAV UNIT,707 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR HAGOPIAN LP, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P317, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-317 Iwata B A, 1994, J Appl Behav Anal, V27, P131, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-131 TAYLOR JC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF02172231 VOLLMER TR, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P9, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-9 NR 4 TC 32 Z9 32 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 29 IS 2 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-235 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA UQ318 UT WOS:A1996UQ31800008 PM 8682738 ER PT J AU Roeyers, H AF Roeyers, H TI The influence of nonhandicapped peers on the social interactions of children with a pervasive developmental disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PLAY AB This study investigated whether or not children with autism or a related pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) cart benefit from regular opportunities to interact with a normally developing peel; matched as to sex and age. An experimental design with random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups was used to demonstrate the impact of this peer-mediated intervention. In the treatment group, we found significant improvements in the social behavior of the children with PDD. Several gains were also generalized to interactions with an unfamiliar nonhandicapped peer to interactions with another child with PDD, and to the large school setting. In the untreated control group, no positive changes were observed. Results suggest that children with PDD call develop peer relations if appropriate social contexts are made available for them. RP Roeyers, H (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,VAKGRP GEDRAGSTHERAPIE & PSYCHOL BEGELEIDING,HENRI DUNANTLAAN 2,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ASHER SR, 1989, SOCIAL COMPETENCE, P125 Cairns R. B., 1979, SOCIAL DEV ORIGINS P COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 DAWSON G, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM DUNN J, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P67, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00859.x ECKERMAN CO, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P440, DOI 10.2307/1130988 Edgington E.S., 1980, RANDOMIZATION TESTS Edgington E.S., 1969, STAT INFERENCE DISTR Gresham F. M., 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH, P143 GUEVREMONT DC, 1989, BEHAV MODIF, V13, P32, DOI 10.1177/01454455890131002 Hartrup Willard, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4, P103 HARTUP WW, 1978, EARLY INTERVENTION I Howes C., 1987, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V53 HOWES C, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P961, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.28.5.961 Ken M. M., 1983, STRATEGIES MANAGING Lord C, 1984, ADV APPL DEV PSYCHOL, P165 Lord C., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P326 LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531658 MCHALE SM, 1983, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V53, P81 MEYER LH, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01487063 ODOM SL, 1984, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V54, P544 POORMAN L, 1980, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V12, P136 ROEYERS H, 1994, AUTISM 50 YEARS KANN, P183 ROEYERS H, 1993, TIJDSCHRIFT ORTHOPED, V32, P271 ROEYERS H, 1994, UNPUB SUMMER CAMP ST RUTTER M, 1992, SPECIFIC SPEECH LANG Rutter M:, 1985, CLIN GUIDE CHILD PSY, P48 RUTTER M, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P123 STONE WL, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P35 STRAIN PS, 1977, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V14, P493, DOI 10.1002/1520-6807(197710)14:4<493::AID-PITS2310140422>3.0.CO;2-W NR 31 TC 41 Z9 40 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 303 EP 320 DI 10.1007/BF02172476 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UP762 UT WOS:A1996UP76200003 PM 8792262 ER PT J AU OBrien, SK AF OBrien, SK TI The validity and reliability of the Wing Subgroups Questionnaire SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; CHILDREN AB ?his study examined the validity and the internal and interrater reliability of the Wing Subgroups Questionnaire (WSQ), an assessment that classifies children with autism into one of three subtypes. Subjects were 42 students enrolled in multihandicapped special education classrooms. Results indicated that items pertaining to the active-but-odd and the aloof subtypes, and to typical development, demonstrated good consistency, whereas passive subtype items showed moderate consistency. Interrater reliability was good for all subtypes utilizing intraclass correlations, but it wars moderate with regard to percentage agreement of subtype diagnosis. Interscale correlations were mostly low or negative, suggesting that the subtype scales are measuring distinct constructs. Significant differences among the subtypes were found on three measures of communication, three measures of social interaction, two measures of stereotypic behavior and one measure of temper/aggression. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BORDEN MC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02172210 CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 COHEN DJ, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, pR15 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 WADDEN NPK, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P529, DOI 10.1007/BF02206875 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1007/BF02172477 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UP762 UT WOS:A1996UP76200004 PM 8792263 ER PT J AU Mesibov, GB Shea, V AF Mesibov, GB Shea, V TI Full inclusion and students with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; SETTINGS AB The concept of ''full inclusion'' is that students with special needs can and should be educated in the same settings as their normally developing peers with appropriate support services, rather than being placed in special education classrooms or schools. According to advocates the benefits of full inclusion are increased expectations by teachers, behavioral modeling of normally developing peers, more learning, and greater self-esteem. Although the notion of full inclusion has appeal, especially for parents concerned about their children's rights, there is very little empirical evidence for this approach, especially as it relates to children with autism. This manuscript addresses the literature on full inclusion and its applicability for students with autism. Although the goals and values underlying full inclusion are laudable, neither the research literature nov thoughtful analysis of the nature of autism supports elimination of smaller highly structured learning environments for some students with autism. RP Mesibov, GB (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CB 7180,310 MED SCH WING E,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. CR CARLBERG C, 1980, J SPEC EDUC, V14, P295 HARRIS SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02206854 Hoyson M., 1985, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V8, P157 KAUFMAN JM, 1995, ILLUSION FULL INCLUS MADDEN NA, 1983, REV EDUC RES, V53, P519, DOI 10.3102/00346543053004519 MESIBOV GB, 1994, CURR I AUT, P195 Myles B. S., 1993, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V8, P1 OTTENSBACHER K, 1984, J RES DEV EDUC, V17, P1 Schopler E., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P243 Strain P. S., 1985, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V9, P105 STRAIN PS, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90024-1 STRAIN PS, 1981, MAINSTREAMING CHILDR STRAIN PS, 1984, FRIENDSHIPS NORMAL H, P187 WANG MC, 1985, J SPEC EDUC, V19, P503 NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1007/BF02172478 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UP762 UT WOS:A1996UP76200005 PM 8792264 ER PT J AU Koegel, RL Bimbela, A Schreibman, L AF Koegel, RL Bimbela, A Schreibman, L TI Collateral effects of parent training on family interactions SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID NONVERBAL AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; CONDUCT-PROBLEM CHILDREN; LANGUAGE INTERVENTION; STRESS PROFILES; PARADIGM; MOTHERS; PROGRAM; SPEECH; BEHAVIOR AB Recent research suggests that using naturalistic teaching paradigms leads to therapeutic gains in clinic settings for children with autism and related disorders. More recent studies are demonstrating that implementing these strategies within a parent training format may produce collateral effects in other areas of family life. The present experiment assessed collateral effects of two very different parent training paradigms during unstructured dinnertime interactions in the family setting. One paradigm focused on teaching individual target behaviors (ITB) serially and the other focused on a recently developed naturalistic paradigm that teaches the pivotal responses (PRT) of motivation and responsivity to multiple cues. Two groups of families were randomly assigned to each of the parent training conditions. pretraining and post-parent-training videotapes of dinnertime interactions were scored in a random order across four interactional scales (level of happiness, interest, stress, and style of communication). Results obtained for the four interactional scales showed that the families in both conditions initially scored in the neutral range, and the ITB training paradigm produced no significant influence on the interactions from pretraining to posttraining. In contrast, however the PRT parent training paradigm resulted in the families showing positive interactions on all four scales, with the parent-child interactions rated as happier the parents mom interested in the interaction, the interaction less stressful, and the communication style as more positive. C1 UNIV SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92110. RP Koegel, RL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,GRAD SCH EDUC,COUNSELING CLIN SCH PSYCHOL PROGRAM,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. 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I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD MCGEE GG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P17, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-17 MOES D, 1992, PSYCHOL REP, V71, P1272, DOI 10.2466/PR0.71.8.1272-1274 POLSTER RA, 1986, J SOCIAL SERVICE RES, V10, P37 RITVO ER, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P142 SCHAEFER CE, 1989, HDB PARENT TRAINING SCHREIBMAN L, 1991, BEHAV THER, V22, P479, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80340-5 SCHREIBMAN L, 1981, HDB CLIN BEHAV THERA SCHREIBMAN L, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P475, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90060-1 SUTTON C, 1992, BEHAV PSYCHOTHER, V20, P115 TIEDEMANN GL, 1992, BEHAV THER, V23, P299, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80387-9 WARREN SF, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P239 WARREN SF, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P291 WEBSTERSTRATTON C, 1990, BEHAV THER, V21, P319, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80334-X WEBSTERSTRATTON C, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P550, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.57.4.550 NR 36 TC 104 Z9 105 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1007/BF02172479 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UP762 UT WOS:A1996UP76200006 PM 8792265 ER PT J AU Bettison, S AF Bettison, S TI The long-term effects of auditory training on children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; STABILITY AB Eighty children, 3-17 years of age, with autism or Asperger syndrome and mild to severe distress in the presence of some sounds, were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group received auditory training and the control group listened to the same unmodified music under the same conditions. Significant improvements in behavior and severity of autism were maintained for 12 months by both groups. Informal data suggested that a range of abnormal responses to sound and other sensory abnormalities may also have improved. Verbal and performance IQ increased significantly 3 to 12 months after interventions. Findings suggest that some aspect of both auditory training and listening to selected unmodified music may have a beneficial effect on children with autism and sound sensitivity and indicate a need for further research into the effects that led to these changes and the mechanisms involved in the sensory abnormalities commonly associated with autism. C1 AUTISM RES INST,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. 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M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA EDELSON SM, 1992, SENSORY PROBLEMS QUE EINFELD S L, 1991, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V17, P147 EINFELD SL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02178498 EINFELD SL, 1991, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISAB, V17, P155 FRANKEL F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01538044 FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P459, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60565-3 GOLDFARB W, 1963, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V8, P47 GRANDIN T, 1986, EMERGENCE LABELLED A HAYES RW, 1977, LANCET, V2, P767 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HUTT C, 1964, NATURE, V204, P908, DOI 10.1038/204908a0 HUTT C, 1965, ANIM BEHAV, V13, P1, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(65)90064-3 KLEIN AJ, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V55, P339 KOEGEL RL, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01538058 Krug D. A., 1988, AUTISM BEHAV CHECKLI Leiter R. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 361 EP 374 DI 10.1007/BF02172480 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UP762 UT WOS:A1996UP76200007 PM 8792266 ER PT J AU Harris, SL AF Harris, SL TI Parent survival manual. A guide to crisis resolution in autism and related developmental disorders - Schopler,E SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review RP Harris, SL (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. CR Schopler E., 1995, PARENT SURVIVAL MANU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 379 EP 380 DI 10.1007/BF02172482 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UP762 UT WOS:A1996UP76200008 ER PT J AU Franco, F Butterworth, G AF Franco, F Butterworth, G TI Pointing and social awareness: Declaring and requesting in the second year SO JOURNAL OF CHILD LANGUAGE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; INFANTS; AUTISM AB The production of pointing and other gestures (e.g. reaching or indicative gestures) by 47 infants aged I;o to I;6 was investigated in two experiments contrasting declarative-referential vs. imperative-instrumental conditions of communication. A further group of seven infants aged o; Io was examined in order to highlight pre-pointing transitional phenomena. Data analyses concerned gestures and associated vocalizations and visual checking with a social partner. Results show that gestures are produced differentially in the experimental conditions: while reaching is only produced in imperative-instrumental contexts, pointing is characteristic of declarative-referential contexts. The pattern of visual checking with the social partner also differentiates gestures; moreover, it shows developmental changes in the case of pointing. Results suggest that pointing relies on some awareness of 'psychological' processes (e.g. attention and sharing) in the other and the self, and that it is this which may account for the specific relevance of pointing for language development. C1 UNIV SUSSEX,BRIGHTON BN1 9RH,E SUSSEX,ENGLAND. RP Franco, F (reprint author), UNIV PADUA,DIPARTIMENTO PSICOL SVILUPPO & SOCIALIZZAZ,VIA VENEZIA 8,I-35131 PADUA,ITALY. CR ADAMSON LB, 1990, GESTURE LANGUAGE HEA ADAMSON LB, 1982, EMOTION INTERACTION BAATES E, 1987, HDB INFANT DEV BALDWIN DA, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P875, DOI 10.2307/1131140 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS Bates E., 1976, LANGUAGE CONTEXT ACQ BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 Bruner J. S., 1975, J CHILD LANG, V2, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0305000900000866 Bruner J. S., 1983, CHILDS TALK LEARNING BUTTERWORTH G, 1993, LONGITUDINAL APPROAC Butterworth G., 1988, THOUGHT LANGUAGE Camaioni Luigia, 1992, EARLY DEV PARENTING, V1, P15, DOI 10.1002/edp.2430010106 DOBRICH W, 1984, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V38, P475, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90090-0 DODORICO L, 1990, GESTURE LANGUAGE HEA DORE J, 1983, TRANSITION PRELINGUI FOGEL A, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P747, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.23.6.747 FOGEL A, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1271, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00195.x GOLDFIELD BA, 1988, 6 BIENN INT C INF ST GOLINKOFF RM, 1993, J CHILD LANG, V20, P199 GOMEZ JC, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN HALLIDAY MAK, 1975, LEARNING HOW MEAN HARDING CG, 1979, CHILD DEV, V50, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb02976.x KESSLERSHAW L, 1992, MATERNAL OBJECT ACTI KLINNERT MD, 1984, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V7, P447, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(84)80005-3 LEUNG EHL, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P215, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.17.2.215 LOCK A, 1990, GESTURE LANGUAGE HEA MARCOS H, 1991, EUROPEAN J PSYCHOL E, V3, P271 MASUR EF, 1990, GESTURE LANGUAGE HEA MCNEILL D., 1987, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS NE MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x Murphy C. M., 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN MURPHY CM, 1978, CHILD DEV, V49, P371, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1978.tb02325.x PECHMANN T, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V34, P330, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90050-9 Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES POVINELLI DJ, 1992, ANIM BEHAV, V43, P633, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(92)90085-N SAVAGERUMBAUGH SE, 1993, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V233 Schaffer H. R., 1984, CHILDS ENTRY SOCIAL Tomasello M., 1992, SOCIAL DEV, V1, P67, DOI [10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x, DOI 10.1111/1467-9507.EP12953134] VYGOTSKII LS, 1962, THOUGHT LANGUAGE Werner H., 1984, SYMBOL FORMATION Whiten Andrew, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Winer B. J., 1971, STATISTICAL PRINCIPL NR 43 TC 134 Z9 135 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0305-0009 J9 J CHILD LANG JI J. Child Lang. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 23 IS 2 BP 307 EP 336 PG 30 WC Psychology, Developmental; Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Linguistics GA VR672 UT WOS:A1996VR67200005 PM 8936689 ER PT J AU Lee, S Odom, SL AF Lee, S Odom, SL TI The relationship between stereotypic behavior and peer social interaction for children with severe disabilities SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS LA English DT Article DE autism; challenging behavior; nonhandicapped peers; social interaction; stereotypic behavior ID SELF-STIMULATORY-BEHAVIOR; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; PERCEPTUAL REINFORCEMENT; INTERVENTION; MAINTENANCE; STUDENTS; PROGRAM; PLAY AB The purpose of this study was to examine the collateral relationship between engagement in social interaction with peers and the occurrence of stereotypic behavior for two children With severe disabilities. Peers without disabilities were taught to make social initiations to two children with autism and other severe disabilities who engaged in high rates of stereotypic behavior. When the peers made social initiations and the children with disabilities increased their engagement in social interaction, collateral decreases occurred in their stereotypic behavior. Within an ABAB design, the functional relationship between these variables was demonstrated. implications of these findings for designing interventions for promoting social integration and their possible effects on stereotypic behavior are noted. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,PEABODY COLL,NASHVILLE,TN 37203. EWHA WOMANS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,SEOUL 120750,SOUTH KOREA. CR BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES BIRD F, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P37 BRUSCA RM, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P127 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO DONNELLAN AM, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02409663 DURAND VM, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P113 DURAND VM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-119 DURAND VM, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P251, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-251 EASON LJ, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P157, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90016-7 GOLDSTEIN H, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-289 GUESS D, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P299 GUNTER P, 1984, BEHAV DISORDERS, V9, P246 HAMRENIETUPSKI S, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P106 HARING TG, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P289 HARRIS SL, 1983, FAMILIES DEV DISABLE HORNER RD, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P473, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-473 KAMPS DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P289 KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-381 LAGROW SJ, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P595 LEWIS MH, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P253, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-253 Lord C., 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT, P61 LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531658 LOVAAS I, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-45 MCCONNELL SR, 1988, UNPUB CODING MANUAL MCEVOY MA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-193 MCHALE SM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P399, DOI 10.1007/BF01531707 MEYER LH, 1987, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V12, P251 NEWSOM C, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P259, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-259 ODOM S, 1987, UNPUB TEACHING STRAT ODOM SL, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P289 OLLEY JG, 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT, P233 RINCOVER A, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P237, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-237 RUNCO MA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531576 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SCHREIBMAN L, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P129, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-129 SHAFER MS, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-461 *VAND MINN SOC INT, 1993, PLAY TIM SOC TIM ORG WACKER DP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417 WOLFBERG PJ, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P467, DOI 10.1007/BF01046051 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP PI BALTIMORE PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 SN 0274-9483 J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap PD SUM PY 1996 VL 21 IS 2 BP 88 EP 95 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA WD726 UT WOS:A1996WD72600004 ER PT J AU Lelord, G Muh, JP Sauvage, D Herault, J AF Lelord, G Muh, JP Sauvage, D Herault, J TI Neurobiology of childhood autistic syndromes SO M S-MEDECINE SCIENCES LA French DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PREVALENCE; LINKAGE AB Childhood autism is characterized by social withdrawal, impairment in communication and bizarre responses to the environment. It has been for a long time considered that this syndrome and its difficulties in relating to others can be imputed to conscious or inconscious errors of the mother. Epidemiological and neurobiological researches showing association of autistic syndromes with well known genetic and/or metabolic diseases, as well as clinical works exhibiting very early symptoms support the hypothesis of a developmental disorder of the nervous system. Cartography and imagery cerebral examinations demonstrated difficulties in the modulation of perceptive responses, in the stabilisation of cross-modal associative responses and in the reactivity of the left hemisphere to auditive stimulations. Abnormalities in monoamines and endorphines metabolism were also observed. Recent studies comparing groups of autistic with groups of normal children showed some peculiarities in a gene (Harvey-Ras) involved in the regulation of neurotransmission and cells development. These preliminary results have no therapeutical consequences. On the opposite, physiological data on cerebral functioning can guide the <> educational psychotherapies which contribute to the improvement of these children. RP Lelord, G (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,2 BLVD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR Adrien J L, 1993, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P25 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 Barthelemy C, 1995, AUTISME ENFANT THERA BETTELHEIM B, 1973, FORTERESSE VIDE AUTI BLEULER E, 1993, DEMENCE PRECOCE SCHI Bruneau N, 1987, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl, V40, P584 CHEN CH, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P251, DOI 10.1192/bjp.155.2.251 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P233 CURTIS ARJ, 1993, HUM GENET, V90, P551 FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GARREAU B, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P119 GENDROT C, 1994, CLIN GENET, V45, P145 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 HENRY I, 1995, M S-MED SCI, V11, P93 HERAULT J, 1993, PSYCHIAT RES, V46, P261, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90094-W KAHN A, 1992, M S-MED SCI, V8, P1097 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 LELORD G, 1993, B ACAD NAT MED PARIS, V177, P1423 Lelord G, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT LYONNET S, 1988, M S-MED SCI, V4, P544 MANDEL JL, 1994, M S-MED SCI, V10, P472 MARTINEAU J, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P141 MARTINEAU J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P1190, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90338-Z RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 ROUSSEAU F, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1673, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199112123252401 Sauvage D, 1988, AUTISME NOURRISSON J SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 WARREN ST, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V271, P536, DOI 10.1001/jama.271.7.536 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 0767-0974 J9 M S-MED SCI JI M S-Med. Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 1996 VL 12 IS 6-7 BP 715 EP 722 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA UW864 UT WOS:A1996UW86400003 ER PT J AU Strickland, D AF Strickland, D TI A virtual reality application with autistic children SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER; INSTRUCTION AB Using the advantages of the sense of presence generated by virtual reality, a system to help children with autism was developed. Two case studies with children showed virtual reality has the potential to provide a safer, customized learning environment for individuals with autism. A model of reality that discusses historical and perceptual rules as well as input stimuli in forming a sense of presence is described. RP Strickland, D (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT COMP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. CR Berthoz A., 1991, BRAIN SPACE, P81 Bridgeman B., 1991, PICTORIAL COMMUNICAT, P316 CHEN SHA, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P368 COLBY KM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V19, P641 COURCHESNE E, 1989, P C AUT SOC AM WASH, P8 Deslauriers A. M., 1969, YOUR CHILD IS ASLEEP GIBSON EJ, 1960, SCI AM, V202, P64 Gogel W. C., 1984, FIGURAL SYNTHESIS, P31 Grandin T., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P105 Grandin T., 1986, EMERGENCE LABELED AU Gregory R. L., 1991, PICTORIAL COMMUNICAT, P328 Gurfinkel V. S., 1991, BRAIN SPACE, P147 HODGES LF, 1995, VIRTUAL AIRPLANE FEA KAPLAN HI, 1990, POCKET HDB CLIN PSYC KIJIMA R, 1994, PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT, V3, P45 LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 MESIBOV GB, 1994, CURR I AUT, P195 NORTH MM, 1996, CYBEREDGE J, V6, P8 ORINTZ E, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251 PANYAN MV, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF02409828 PARK D, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P313, DOI 10.1007/BF02105375 PLIENIS AJ, 1985, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V5, P345, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(85)90004-7 PYNE F, 1994, UNPUB CLAUSTROPHOBIA RAY TC, 1988, J OCCUPATIONAL THERA, V8, P186 RITVO ER, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P565, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61011-6 ROTHBAUM BO, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P626 RUTTER M, 1968, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V9, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02204.x RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISTIC CHILDHOOD, V8, P1938 SCHOPLER E, 1987, AM PSYCHOL, V42, P379 Sinclair J., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P294 Slater M., 1994, PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT, V3, P130 STRICKLAND D, 1995, P AUT FRANC 3 INT C, P119 Tsai L. Y., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P11 WING L, 1972, AUTISTIC CHILDREN GU NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD SUM PY 1996 VL 5 IS 3 BP 319 EP 329 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA VF835 UT WOS:A1996VF83500005 ER PT J AU Swillen, A Hellemans, H Steyaert, J Fryns, JP AF Swillen, A Hellemans, H Steyaert, J Fryns, JP TI Autism and genetics: High incidence of specific genetic syndromes in 21 autistic adolescents and adults living in two residential homes in Belgium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; FRAGILE-X; PSYCHOSIS C1 CTR HUMAN GENET,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN HOSP,CTR HUMAN GENET,LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. RI Steyaert, Jean/B-5326-2015 OI Steyaert, Jean/0000-0003-2512-4694 CR APA, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 FRYNS JP, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P233, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380212 GILLBERG C, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408551 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GOLDINGKUSHNER KJ, 1985, J CRAN GENET DEV BIO, V5, P259 GURRIERI F, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P290, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380225 HERAULT J, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P276, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600404 LALATTA F, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P228, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380211 SCAMBLER PJ, 1992, LANCET, V339, P1138, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90734-K SHPRINTZEN RJ, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V42, P141, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320420131 SHPRINTZEN RJ, 1978, CLEFT PALATE J, V15, P56 SOROSKY AS, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P439 TRANEBJAERG L, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P212, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380208 VALENTE M, 1971, PEDIATRICS, V38, P212 WAHLSTROM J, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P403, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230132 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD MAY 31 PY 1996 VL 67 IS 3 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960531)67:3<315::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-L PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UN626 UT WOS:A1996UN62600009 PM 8725750 ER PT J AU Chugani, HT DaSilva, E Chugani, DC AF Chugani, HT DaSilva, E Chugani, DC TI Infantile spasms .3. Prognostic implications of bitemporal hypometabolism on positron emission tomography SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; AUTISM; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; ABNORMALITIES; HIPPOCAMPUS; METABOLISM AB Positron emission tomography (PET) of brain glucose utilization is highly sensitive in detecting focal cortical abnormalities in patients with infantile spasms even when the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are normal. Of 110 infants with spasms evaluated for potential surgical intervention during an 8-year period, we encountered 18 infants (7 males, 11 females; age range, 10 mo to 5 yr) with a common metabolic pattern on positron emission tomography (PET) consisting of bilateral hypometabolism in the temporal lobes. CT and MRI scans did not reveal any focal abnormalities in the 18 infants. Video-electroencephalographic monitoring indicated either bilateral or multifocal epileptogenicity, or failed to show any epileptic focus, so that none of the 18 infants were considered candidates for resective surgery. These patients were then enrolled in a prospective study aimed at determining long-term outcome in the presence of bilateral temporal PET hypometabolism. Analysis of outcome in 14 of the 18 subjects (follow-up period, 10 mo to 10 yr 5 mo; mean, 3 yr 11 mo +/- 2 yr 4 mo [SD]) revealed the following: (1) all had severe developmental delay and had failed to gain significant milestones; (2) language development had been minimal or absent; (3) 10 of the 14 met the DSM-nr criteria for autistic disorder. Our findings indicate that patients with infantile spasms and bitemporal glucose hypometabolism on PET comprise a relatively homogeneous group and are typically not candidates for cortical resection. The long-term outcome of these infants is particularly poor and the majority are autistic. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,DETROIT,MI 48201. WAYNE STATE UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. RP Chugani, HT (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT NEUROL,DETROIT,MI 48201, USA. 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Neurol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 39 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1002/ana.410390514 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UK339 UT WOS:A1996UK33900013 PM 8619550 ER PT J AU Carpenter, P AF Carpenter, P TI Parent survival manual: A guide to crisis resolution in autism and related developmental disorders - Schopler,E SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP Carpenter, P (reprint author), LEARNING DISABIL,HANHAM HALL,BRISTOL BS15 3PU,AVON,ENGLAND. CR Schopler E., 1995, PARENT SURVIVAL MANU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD MAY PY 1996 VL 168 IS 5 BP 663 EP 664 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA UJ345 UT WOS:A1996UJ34500045 ER PT J AU Hagerman, RJ AF Hagerman, RJ TI Biomedical advances in developmental psychology: The case of fragile X syndrome SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; FEMALE CARRIERS; FULL MUTATION; FMR-1 GENE; COGNITIVE PROFILES; FRA(X) SYNDROME; CGG REPEAT; AUTISM; MALES; SITE AB Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of mental retardation, is caused by an abnormal gene on the bottom end of the X chromosome. Discovered and sequenced in 1991, it is called the Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 (FMR-1) gene. Mutations in the FMR-1 gene include small expansions with a CGG (a specific sequence of the nucleotides) repetitive sequence that repeats from 50 to 200 times (the premutation) and the full mutation that involves a CGG repeat sequence that is greater than 200. 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Psychol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 416 EP 424 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UM329 UT WOS:A1996UM32900004 ER PT J AU Chabrol, H Bonnet, D Roge, B AF Chabrol, H Bonnet, D Roge, B TI Psychopharmacology in autism SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE LA French DT Article DE clomipramine; fenfluramine; haloperidol; infantile autism; naltrexone; pharmacotherapy ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DOUBLE-BLIND; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; CHILDREN; HALOPERIDOL; NALTREXONE; PLACEBO; TRIAL; PIMOZIDE AB Results of recent studies in pharmacotherapy in autism are presented. Haloperidol, fenfluramine and naltrexone have been the most extensively studied drugs in systematic research. Haloperidol appeared to decrease levels of hyperactivity, stereotypies, emotional lability but also abnormal object relations and social withdrawal. However, the therapeutic effect was generally modest and long term administration was associated with dyskinesias in autistic children. The frequent hyperserotonemia in autism has suggested the use of fenfluramine, an antiserotoninergic agent. Although the initial reports were optimistic, more recent carefully designed studies often failed to show that fenfluramine was superior to placebo. Naltrexone, a potent opiate antagonist, was explored following the opioid hypothesis based on the similarity between autistic symptomatology and abnormal behaviors observed in opiate addicts and in laboratory animals administered opiates and on the abnormalities of endogenous opioids that exit in a subgroup of autistic children. However, the current studies do not concur and no definite conclusions can be made of the efficacy of naltrexone at present time. Low doses of amisulpride which have been shown to improve negative symptoms in schizophrenia and serotoninergic antidepressants, which have proven effective in repetitive and ritualized behaviors, have recently began to be evaluated in controlled studies. At present time, no medication has shown to alter the course or the symptoms of autism, but some seem to be effective in reducing severe aberrant behaviors. C1 CHSG MARCHANT,F-31058 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. UNIV TOULOUSE 1,UFR PSYCHOL,CTR ETUD RECH PSYCHOPATHOL,F-31058 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. CLIN ROZES,F-09190 ST LIZIER,FRANCE. HOP LA GRAVE,PSYCHIAT SERV,UNITE DIAGNOST & EVALUAT AUTISME,F-31052 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. 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Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther. PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 3 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA UX067 UT WOS:A1996UX06700005 PM 8767048 ER PT J AU Margolis, RL Stine, OC McInnis, MG Ranen, NG Rubinsztein, DC Leggo, J Brando, LVJ Kidwai, AS Loev, SJ Breschel, TS Callahan, C Simpson, SG DePaulo, JR McMahon, FJ Jain, S Paykel, ES Walsh, C DeLisi, LE Crow, TJ Torrey, EF AShworth, RG Macke, JP Nathans, J Ross, CA AF Margolis, RL Stine, OC McInnis, MG Ranen, NG Rubinsztein, DC Leggo, J Brando, LVJ Kidwai, AS Loev, SJ Breschel, TS Callahan, C Simpson, SG DePaulo, JR McMahon, FJ Jain, S Paykel, ES Walsh, C DeLisi, LE Crow, TJ Torrey, EF AShworth, RG Macke, JP Nathans, J Ross, CA TI cDNA cloning of a human homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell fate-determining gene mab-21: Expression, chromosomal localization and analysis of a highly polymorphic (CAG)(n) trinucleotide repeat SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; MYOTONIC-DYSTROPHY; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; MOEBIUS SYNDROME; BINDING PROTEIN; TRIPLET REPEAT; HUMAN GENOME; RNA-BINDING; CTG REPEAT; CGG REPEAT AB The two most consistent features of the diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion-neuropsychiatric symptoms and the phenomenon of genetic anticipation-may be present in forms of dementia, hereditary ataxia, Parkinsonism, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia and autism. To identify candidate genes for these disorders, we have screened human brain cDNA libraries for the presence of gene fragments containing polymorphic trinucleotide repeats. Here we report the cDNA cloning of CAGR1, originally detected in a retinal cDNA library. The 2743 bp cDNA contains a 1077 bp open reading frame encoding 359 amino acids. This amino acid sequence is homologous (56% amino acid identity and 81% amino acid conservation) to the Caenorhabditis elegans cell fate-determining protein mab-21. CAGR1 is expressed in several human tissues, most prominently in the cerebellum, as a message of similar to 3.0 kb. The gene was mapped to 13q13, just telomeric to D13S220. A 5'-untranslated CAG trinucleotide repeat is highly polymorphic, with repeat length ranging from six to 31 triplets and a heterozygosity of 87-88% in 684 chromosomes from several human populations. One allele from an individual with an atypical movement disorder and bipolar affective disorder type II contains 46 triplets, 15 triplets longer than any other allele detected. Though insufficient data are? available to link the long repeat to this clinical phenotype, an expansion mutation of the CAGR1 repeat can be considered a candidate for the etiology of disorders with anticipation or developmental abnormalities, and particularly any such disorders linked to chromosome 13. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV PSYCHIAT GENET,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED GENET,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & GENET,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. E ANGLIAN REG GENET SERV MOL GENET LAB,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2QQ,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,ADDENBROOKES HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2QQ,ENGLAND. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,NEW YORK,NY 11794. UNIV OXFORD,WARNEFORD HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,OXFORD OX3 7JX,ENGLAND. NATL INST MENTAL HLTH NEUROSCI CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. RP Margolis, RL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MOLEC NEUROBIOL LAB,618 ROSS RES BLDG,720 RUTLAND AVE,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. 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Mol. Genet. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 5 IS 5 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1093/hmg/5.5.607 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA UJ743 UT WOS:A1996UJ74300007 PM 8733127 ER PT J AU Dissanayake, C Sigman, M Kasari, C AF Dissanayake, C Sigman, M Kasari, C TI Long-term stability of individual differences in the emotional responsiveness of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; emotion; follow-up; responsiveness ID EXPRESSIONS; RESPONSES; OTHERS; COGNITION; APPRAISAL AB The results of two studies designed to investigate the short- and long-term stability of autistic children's responsiveness to displays of negative emotions in others are reported here. In the first study we measured the attention and behavioural responses of 22 autistic children to another's distress about a year and a half after initial assessments in a similar situation. In the second study, the children were re-assessed in two affective contexts over 5 years after initial testing. Individual differences in early responses to affect predicted affective responsiveness at each follow-up. Emotional responsiveness was positively associated with concurrent cognitive skills at each point of assessment. Furthermore, autistic children discriminated between affective and non-affective contexts when this discrimination was tested at the second follow-up. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BUTTERWORTH G, 1980, ARE YOUNG CHILDREN E Cattell P, 1940, MEASUREMENT INTELLIG CLARK P, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01531685 CUMMINGS EM, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1274, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03176.x DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kasari C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P401 KASARI C, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P353, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00997.x KASARI C, 1988, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V16, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF00910499 KRUG BA, 1978, AUTISM SCREENING INS LANDRY SH, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02211847 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x Reynell J., 1977, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE RUTTER M, 1991, UNPUB AUTISM DIAGNOS Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Semel E., 1987, CLIN EVALUATION LANG SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SIGMAN MD, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P796, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x THORNDIKE R, 1972, STANFORDBINET INTELL Thorndike R. L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x Wiig E. H., 1992, CLIN EVALUATION LANG WING L, 1983, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x ZAHNWAXLER C, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P126, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 4 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01427.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA UL110 UT WOS:A1996UL11000012 PM 8735446 ER PT J AU Zelazo, PD Burack, JA Benedetto, E Frye, D AF Zelazo, PD Burack, JA Benedetto, E Frye, D TI Theory of Mind and rule use in individuals with Down's Syndrome: A test of the uniqueness and specificity claims SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE Theory of Mind; Down's Syndrome; specificity; rule use ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; DECEPTION; YOUNG; KNOWLEDGE AB The relationship between Theory of Mind (ToM) and rule use was explored in adults with Down's Syndrome (DS) and in non-handicapped pre-schoolers. Twelve low-functioning individuals with DS (mean mental age = 5.1 years, mean chronological age = 22.7) performed worse than 12 MA-matched non-handicapped children (mean MA = 5.1 years) on several standard ToM tasks and on a color-shape card-sorting task in which subjects were required to switch between two incompatible sets of rules. On the ToM tasks, people with DS tended to focus on a single state of affairs (e.g. the present situation). Likewise, on the card sort, these subjects tended to use a single set of rules on all trials. Performance in the two types of task was positively correlated when MA was partialed out. The results are inconsistent with the claim that ToM reflects a domain-specific psychological function and the notion that deficits in ToM are unique to individuals with autism. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. C1 MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. ONTARIO INST STUDIES EDUC,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. NYU,NEW YORK,NY. RP Zelazo, PD (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PSYCHOL,100 ST GEORGE ST,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. CR AMSEL E, 1992, 22 ANN M J PIAG SOC Baldwin J. M., 1897, SOCIAL ETHICAL INTER BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BENSON G, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P427 BURACK JA, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P607, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00894.x Cicchetti D., 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH, P169 Dunn L. M., 1981, PPVT PEABODY PICTURE FLAVELL JH, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P816, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.23.6.816 FRYE D, IN PRESS COGNITIVE D GOPNIK A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P26, DOI 10.2307/1130386 Hodapp R. M., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P213, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000730 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 KOPP CB, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P164 Leslie A. M., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P63 LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PIAGET J, 1955, LANGUAGE CHILD RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SERSEN EA, 1970, AM J MENT DEF, V74, P495 SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x WILCOX RR, 1987, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V38, P29, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.38.1.29 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 YIRMIYA N, 1994, UNPUB SERIATION CONS ZELAZO PD, IN PRESS LANGUAGE ST ZELAZO PD, 1995, DEV PSYCHOL, V31, P508, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.31.3.508 ZELAZO PD, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P719, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01565.x NR 29 TC 68 Z9 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 37 IS 4 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01429.x PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA UL110 UT WOS:A1996UL11000014 PM 8735448 ER PT J AU Blair, J Sellars, C Strickland, I Clark, F Williams, A Smith, M Jones, L AF Blair, J Sellars, C Strickland, I Clark, F Williams, A Smith, M Jones, L TI Theory of mind in the psychopath SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental-Psychology-Society Meeting CY JAN, 1994 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Exptl Psyshol Soc DE psychopath; theory of mind; autism; empathy ID REPRESENTATION AB This paper investigates the Theory of Mind ability of psychopaths. Happe's (1994) advanced test of Theory of Mind was presented to 25 psychopaths and 25 non-psychopathic incarcerated controls. The psychopaths and the non-psychopathic controls did not differ in their performance on this task. However, the psychopaths were performing significantly better than Happe's most highly able adult autistic population. It was therefore concluded that the psychopath does not have a Theory of Mind deficit. Speculations are made about the different developmental pathways of autism and psychopathy and the differences in the empathy deficit present in both these disorders. C1 MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,LONDON WC1H 0HT,ENGLAND. BROADMOOR HOSP,CROWTHORNE RG11 7EG,BERKS,ENGLAND. ASHWORTH HOSP,LIVERPOOL L31 1HW,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. HMP WORMWOOD SCRUBS,LONDON W12 0AE,ENGLAND. RP Blair, J (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. CR ANISKIEWICZ AS, 1979, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V35, P60, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(197901)35:1<60::AID-JCLP2270350106>3.0.CO;2-R BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Batson C. 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Forensic Psychiatry PD MAY PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1080/09585189608409914 PG 11 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA UM668 UT WOS:A1996UM66800003 ER PT J AU Singh, VK AF Singh, VK TI Plasma increase of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma Pathological significance in autism SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; autoimmunity; interferons; cytokines; immunoregulation ID CHILDREN; ANTIBODIES AB Immune factors such as autoimmunity have been implicated in the genesis of autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder. Since autoimmune response involves immune activation, the plasma levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were measured in autistic patients and age-matched normal controls. The levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) higher in patients as compared to controls. However, IFN-alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and sICAM-1 levels did not significantly differ between the two groups. Because macrophage-derived IL-12 is known to selectively induce IFN-gamma in T helper type-1 (Th-l) cells, it is suggested that IL-12 and IFN-gamma increases may indicate antigenic stimulation of Th-l cells pathogenetically linked to autoimmunity in autism. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT FABRY Z, 1994, IMMUNOL TODAY, V15, P218, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90247-X LIBLAU RS, 1995, IMMUNOL TODAY, V16, P34, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80068-9 MCNIGHT AJ, 1994, J IMMUNOL, V152, P2172 PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V29, P12, DOI 10.1159/000119056 SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 SINGH V K, 1989, FASEB Journal, V3, pA496 Singh V K, 1988, Ann N Y Acad Sci, V540, P602, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27186.x SINGH VK, 1995, ANN C GREAT LONG BEA SINGH VK, 1991, CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP, V61, P448, DOI 10.1016/S0090-1229(05)80015-7 STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 TODD RD, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V23, P644, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90012-1 TRINCHIERI G, 1993, IMMUNOL TODAY, V14, P335, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(93)90230-I WARREN RP, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P333, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00008 WARREN RP, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V31, P53, DOI 10.1159/000119172 WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 NR 16 TC 107 Z9 108 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1016/0165-5728(96)00014-8 PG 3 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA UU725 UT WOS:A1996UU72500017 PM 8964908 ER PT J AU Bauman, ML Kemper, TL AF Bauman, ML Kemper, TL TI Observations on the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar vermis in autism. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 55 IS 5 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA UK933 UT WOS:A1996UK93300046 ER PT J AU Heidrich, A Schmidtke, A Lesch, KP Hofmann, E Becker, T AF Heidrich, A Schmidtke, A Lesch, KP Hofmann, E Becker, T TI Cerebellar arachnoid cyst in a firesetter: The weight of organic lesions in arson SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY & NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arachnoid cyst; cerebellum; arson; pseudologia fantastica ID WILLIAMS SYNDROME; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AGENESIS; PROFILE AB A 52-year-old female patient was accused of arson; the patient had had an arachnoid cyst of the cerebellar vermis, Even after surgery, she showed marked instability of mood and pseudologia fantastica, but did not suffer from cognitive impairment, Possible associations of the presence of this cerebellar arachnoid cyst and behavioral disturbances are discussed. C1 UNIV WURZBURG CLIN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,WURZBURG,GERMANY. UNIV WURZBURG CLIN,DEPT NEURORADIOL,WURZBURG,GERMANY. RI Becker, Thomas/O-9769-2014; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/J-4906-2013 OI Becker, Thomas/0000-0001-8179-1219; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/0000-0001-8348-153X CR ACKERMANN H, 1995, FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC, V63, P30, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-996600 Bellugi U, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P115 BENTON AL, 1981, BENTON TEST, P12 COOPER IS, 1974, CEREBELLUM EPILEPSY, P119 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COWEN P, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V135, P79 DECETY J, 1990, BRAIN RES, V535, P313, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91615-N FILTEAU MJ, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1275 FRISTON KJ, 1992, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V248, P223, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1992.0065 FUKUDA K, 1980, ACTA CRIMINOLOGIAE M, V46, P9 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 GRAFMAN J, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P1493 HEATH RG, 1980, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V15, P243 HOLROYD S, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P287, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)91291-X HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 JENKINS IH, 1993, REV NEUROL, V149, P647 JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P529 JURJUS GJ, 1994, SCHIZOPHR RES, V12, P183, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(94)90076-0 KING BH, 1988, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V77, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05068.x LEINER HC, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P444, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-T MARTIN P, 1995, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V21, P241 MILLER ME, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V82, P115 NASRALLAH HA, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P567, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90092-Z Petersen S E, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P153, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 Poeck K, 1985, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, P219 REIMAN EM, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P493 ROLAND PE, 1989, EUR J NEUROSCI, V1, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1989.tb00769.x Roland P. E., 1993, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, V20, pS75 ROSSI A, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P354, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90324-7 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 Seitz R J, 1990, Neuroreport, V1, P57, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199009000-00016 STEWART LA, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P248, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.2.248 WANG PP, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P1999 WOOLF PG, 1977, MED SCI LAW, V17, P68 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 200, 237 ARGYLE AVE, OTTAWA ON K2P 1B8, CANADA SN 1180-4882 J9 J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI JI J. Psychiatry Neurosci. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 21 IS 3 BP 202 EP 206 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA UK158 UT WOS:A1996UK15800007 PM 8935333 ER PT J AU Warren, RP Singh, VK Averett, RE Odell, JD Maciulis, A Burger, RA Daniels, WW Warren, WL AF Warren, RP Singh, VK Averett, RE Odell, JD Maciulis, A Burger, RA Daniels, WW Warren, WL TI Immunogenetic studies in autism and related disorders SO MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neurodegenerative Disorders - Common Molecular Mechanisms CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL OCHO RIOS, JAMAICA SP Univ Goteborg, Sweden, Univ West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica DE autism; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; histocompatibility complexes; autoimmune diseases; complement proteins; dyslexia ID COMPLEMENT; ALLELE AB The major histocompatibility complex comprises a number of genes that control the function and regulation of the immune system. One of these genes, the C4B gene, encodes a product that is involved in eliminating pathogens such as viruses and bacteria from the body. We previously reported that a deficient form of the C4B gene, termed the C4B null allele (no C4B protein produced) had an increased frequency in autism. In this study we attempted to confirm the increased incidence of the C4B null allele in autism and investigated the presence of a C48 null allele in two other childhood disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia (reading disability). In addition, we explored the relationship of autism to the DR beta 1 gene, a gene located close to the C4B in autism. We confirmed the finding of an increased frequency of the C4B null allele in autism and found that the related disorders also had an increased frequency of this null allele. In addition, two alleles of the DR beta 1 gene also had significantly increased representation in the autistic subjects. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Warren, RP (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. CR AWDEH ZL, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P259, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.1.259 BELL JI, 1987, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V84, P6234, DOI 10.1073/pnas.84.17.6234 ISENMAN DE, 1986, J IMMUNOL, V136, P2542 Kahl L.E., 1988, CLIN ASPECTS AUTOIMM, V2, P8 RUDDUCK C, 1985, HUM HERED, V35, P223, DOI 10.1159/000153549 WARREN RP, 1994, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V148, P180 WARREN RP, 1992, IMMUNOGENETICS, V36, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00215048 WARREN RP, 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 WINCHESTER R, 1995, SAMTERS IMMUNOLOGIC, P699 NR 9 TC 62 Z9 64 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 1044-7393 J9 MOL CHEM NEUROPATHOL JI Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. PD MAY-AUG PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1007/BF02815207 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA VC268 UT WOS:A1996VC26800010 PM 8871944 ER PT J AU Poustka, F Lisch, S Ruhl, D Sacher, A Schmotzer, G Werner, K AF Poustka, F Lisch, S Ruhl, D Sacher, A Schmotzer, G Werner, K TI The standardized diagnosis of autism, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: Interrater reliability of the German form of the interview SO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DSM-III-R AB The feasibility and reliability of the German form of the revised parental interview to diagnose autism (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, ADI-R) was investigated in this study. Brief examples of the description of formerly and currently used diagnostic guidelines are given and the outline of the interview algorithm which establishes thresholds for inclusion criteria. An excellent-to-good reliability could be demonstrated for the main symptoms according to the classification rules of the ICD-10 and DSM-IV for a sample of autistic subjects at different ages and intellectual levels. The results approve the use of this interview for research and clinical purposes. RP Poustka, F (reprint author), UNIV FRANKFURT,KLIN PSYCHIAT & PSYCHOTHERAPIE KINDES & JUGENDALT,DEUTSCHORDENSTR 50,D-60590 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x BAILEY AJ, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P7 BARTKO JJ, 1976, J NERV MENT DIS, V163, P307, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197611000-00003 BORTZ J, 1990, VERTEILUNGSFREIE MET, P482 COHEN J, 1968, PSYCHOL BULL, V70, P213, DOI 10.1037/h0026256 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FOMBONNE E, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P563, DOI 10.1007/BF01046328 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P186 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P225 POUSTKA F, 1994, 13 C ASS CHILD AD PS POUSTKA F, 1994, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V56, P69 RISCH N, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V46, P222 RUHL D, 1995, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V23, P95 RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 RUTTER M, 1991, NEW GENETICS MENTAL, P225 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x Schmotzer G, 1993, AUTISMUS DIAGNOSTISC SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046325 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF01046323 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, MEMBERS DSM 4 AUTISM VOLKMAR FR, 1988, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V11, P249 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE YINMIYA N, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P281 NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-4962 J9 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY JI Psychopathology PD MAY-JUN PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 145 EP 153 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA UT876 UT WOS:A1996UT87600001 PM 8817733 ER PT J AU Vecera, SP Marron, MA AF Vecera, SP Marron, MA TI Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,CTR LEARNING RES & DEV,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP Vecera, SP (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. CR BALDWIN DA, 1995, CAHIERS PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P553 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Dennett D., 1978, BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN SC, V4, P568 Fodor Jerry A., 1983, MODULARITY MIND Vecera S. P., 1995, Visual Cognition, V2, DOI 10.1080/13506289508401722 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0272-4987 J9 Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A JI Q. J. Exp. Psychol. Sect A-Hum. Exp. Psychol. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 49 IS 2 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA UV095 UT WOS:A1996UV09500013 ER PT J AU Chisholm, T Morehouse, RL AF Chisholm, T Morehouse, RL TI Adult headbanging: Sleep studies and treatment SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE headbanging; rhythmic movement disorder; treatment; clonazepam; polysomnography AB Headbanging is a rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) along with headrolling, bodyrocking and bodyrolling. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders defines RMD as a group of stereotyped, repetitive movements involving large muscles, usually of the head and neck, that typically occur immediately prior to sleep onset and are sustained into light sleep. The average onset is 9 months, and by 10 years of age the majority of subjects no longer complain of headbanging. If it continues, it is usually associated with mental retardation or autism. Headbanging is said to occur during presleep drowsiness or early non-rapid eye movement sleep. Often there is no need for treatment other than reassurance. Behavior modification has had little success. Benzodiazepines (such as oxazepam and diazepam) and tricyclic antidepressants have been used with variable success. We present two cases of headbanging with polysomnographic findings and treatment. The patients are two healthy adult males. They both experienced significant daytime somnolence and repeatedly wakened their partners. Only one of our patients had recorded head movements during his overnight sleep study. There was evidence of headbanging during stage 1 and stage 2 sleep but also during slow wave sleep. Headbanging was recorded during 14% of the epochs. Both patients responded to treatment with clonazepam (at a dose of 1.0 mg nightly) with decreased frequency and severity of headbanging. Although headbanging is most common in childhood, there may be a significant number of cases that persist into adulthood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the treatment of headbanging with clonazepam. Both patients benefited from this treatment. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HALIFAX,NS,CANADA. CR Carskadon M.A., 1993, ENCY SLEEP DREAMING CHOKROVERTY S, 1994, SLEEP DISORDERS MED DELISSOVOY V, 1962, CHILD DEV, V33, P43, DOI 10.2307/1126631 DRAKE ME, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P867 FREIDIN MR, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1469 KRAVITZ H, 1960, DIS NERV SYST, V21, P203 MAHOWALD MW, 1995, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, P115 REGESTEIN QR, 1977, J NERV MENT DIS, V164, P432, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197706000-00009 THORPY M J, 1984, Neurology, V34, P208 Thorpy MJ, 1990, INT CLASSIFICATION S WALSH JK, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P524 NR 11 TC 32 Z9 34 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 1610 14TH STREET NW SUITE 300, ROCHESTER, MN 55806 SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD MAY PY 1996 VL 19 IS 4 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UP605 UT WOS:A1996UP60500012 PM 8776793 ER PT J AU Mahr, RN Moberg, PJ Overhauser, J Strathdee, G Kamholz, J Loevner, LA Campbell, H Zackai, EH Reber, ME Mozley, DP Brown, L Turetsky, BI Shapiro, RM AF Mahr, RN Moberg, PJ Overhauser, J Strathdee, G Kamholz, J Loevner, LA Campbell, H Zackai, EH Reber, ME Mozley, DP Brown, L Turetsky, BI Shapiro, RM TI Neuropsychiatry of 18q- syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chromosome 18; intermittent explosive disorder; neuropsychology; mental retardation; partial haploinsufficiency ID PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; DELETION AB Our understanding of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q- syndrome) is based mainly on sporadic case reports. We characterized the neuropsychiatric phenotype in 27 patients across a wide age range (2-47 years) with breakpoints ranging from 18q22.3-18q21.2. Adaptive behavior scores (Vineland Composite) were significantly higher in females than in males (62 +/- 5 vs. 43 +/- 3). Intelligence ranged from borderline to severely deficient (IQ, 73-<40), with academic achievement similarly impaired. Performance in specific neuropsychological functions, including attention, novel problem solving, memory, language, visuomotor integration, and fine motor dexterity, was consistently in the moderately-to-severely impaired range. Behavioral problems were common in both sexes, including aggressivity, hyperactivity, and temper tantrums. Contrary to the few previous reports, we found no evidence of psychosis in any patient. In a subset of patients selected on the basis of no prior knowledge of behavioral problems, 1 of 16 patients (6%) had autism, as defined by the Autistic Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) [Lord et al., 1994: J Autism Dev Disord 24:659-685]. Thus, the prevalence of autism in 18q- syndrome is probably no greater than that in other developmental disabilities with a similar level of cognitive impairment. In contrast to what has been believed since 18q- was first described 30 years ago, we found no relationship between chromosome deletion size and any measure of cognition or behavior; nor were there any correlations between any of these measures with the presence or absence of abnormalities on MRI or somatosensory-evoked potentials. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BRAIN BEHAV LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT GENET,PHILADELPHIA,PA. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,PHILADELPHIA,PA. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1991, MANUAL CBL 4 18 1991 AMAN MG, 1991, ASSESSING PSYCHOPATH, P112 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Beery K.E., 1989, VMI DEV TEST VISUAL Bourgeois M, 1974, Ann Med Psychol (Paris), V1, P641 CURRY JF, 1986, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V15, P214, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp1503_3 DE GROUCHY J, 1964, Pathol Biol (Paris), V12, P579 DONNAI D, 1987, LANCET, V1, P627 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA EINFELD S, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P56 FINLAYSON MA, 1976, J CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V43, P475 FROMMAUCH D, 1983, J CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V5, P221, DOI 10.1080/01688638308401171 GADDES WH, 1975, BRAIN LANG, V2, P257, DOI 10.1016/S0093-934X(75)80070-8 GOLDSTEIN KH, 1953, CONTRIBUTIONS MED PS, V2, P73 HALPERIN JM, 1989, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V11, P518, DOI 10.1080/01688638908400910 KIRK U, 1992, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V6, P156, DOI 10.1080/13854049208401852 KLINE AD, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P895 KLINE AD, 1992, GENOMICS, V13, P1, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90193-V KRAGOLSEN B, 1981, HUMAN BEHAV GENETICS, P211 LEJEUNE J, 1977, PAEDIATRICIAN, V6, P331 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MILLER G, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V37, P128, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320370130 POWER D G, 1979, Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, V1, P343, DOI 10.1080/01688637908401109 Reiss S, 1988, REISS SCREEN MALADAP REISS S, 1989, REISS SCALES DUAL DI SAYKIN AJ, 1994, M INT NEUR SOC CINC SCHINZEL A, 1984, CATALOGUE UNBALANCED, P611 SESHADRI K, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P999 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPREEN O, 1991, COMPENDIUM NEUROPSYC, P210 SPREEN O, 1969, CORTEX, V5, P171 STRATHDEE G, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V59, P476, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320590414 VERMA RS, 1989, HUMAN CHROMOSOMES MA, P47 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1945, J PSYCHOL, V19, P87 Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WILSON MG, 1979, AM J MED GENET, V3, P155, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320030207 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD APR 9 PY 1996 VL 67 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UH661 UT WOS:A1996UH66100009 PM 8723044 ER PT J AU Gatzanis, S AF Gatzanis, S TI Behavioral issues in autism - Schopler,E, Mesibov,GB SO BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY LA English DT Book Review CR Schopler E, 1994, BEHAV ISSUES AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0005-7967 J9 BEHAV RES THER JI Behav. Res. Ther. PD APR PY 1996 VL 34 IS 4 BP 398 EP 398 DI 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)90021-2 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA UM043 UT WOS:A1996UM04300021 ER PT J AU Hallmayer, J Hebert, J Spiker, D Lotspeich, L McMahon, WM Petersen, PB Nicholas, P Pingree, C Lin, A Risch, N CavalliSforza, L Ciaranello, RD AF Hallmayer, J Hebert, J Spiker, D Lotspeich, L McMahon, WM Petersen, PB Nicholas, P Pingree, C Lin, A Risch, N CavalliSforza, L Ciaranello, RD TI Autism and the X-chromosome: Multipoint sib pair analysis SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GENET,STANFORD,CA 94305. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD APR 1 PY 1996 VL 39 IS 7 BP 143 EP 143 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA UE893 UT WOS:A1996UE89300139 ER PT J AU Althaus, M deSonneville, LMJ Minderaa, RB Hensen, LGN Til, RB AF Althaus, M deSonneville, LMJ Minderaa, RB Hensen, LGN Til, RB TI Information processing and aspects of visual attention in children with the DSM-III-R diagnosis ''pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified'' (PDDNOS) .1. Focused and divided attention SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERACTIVE-CHILDREN; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS; LIMITATIONS; AUTISM AB A sample of 8-to 12-year-old nonhyperactive children of normal intelligence with the DSM-III-R diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) completed two selective attention tasks. Following a linear stage model of information processing, it was demonstrated that these PDDNOS children did not show a deficit in the encoding and decision stages of information processing. Moreover, they did not exhibit a focused attention deficit when asked to ignore irrelevant information. They did, however, appear to exhibit a divided attention deficit that could be pinpointed to the stage of serial comparison: Compared to an age-matched group of normal children, the rate of carrying out serial comparisons decreased more sharply when the number of stimuli to be compared (cognitive load) was increased. C1 FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM HOSP, DIV PEDIAT NEUROL, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. RP Althaus, M (reprint author), UNIV GRONINGEN, CTR CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT, HANZEPL 1, 9713 GZ GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1983, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CASEY BJ, 1993, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V15, P933, DOI 10.1080/01688639308402609 CIESIELSKI KT, 1990, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V75, P207, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90174-I CIESIELSKI KT, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V33, P225, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)00094-6 Cohen J., 1977, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA DESONNEVILLE LMJ, 1993, COMP PSYCH, V4, P168 DESONNEVILLE LMJ, 1992, P 5 ANN ES PKU M DE, P6 DESONNEVILLE LMJ, 1993, EARLY HUM DEV, V34, P69, DOI 10.1016/0378-3782(93)90042-S DESONNEVILLE LMJ, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P877, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402700 FOOTE SL, 1983, PHYSIOL REV, V63, P844 GILLBERG C, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00116.x HARNADEK MCS, 1994, J LEARN DISABIL, V27, P144 LANDRY SH, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P488 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PIETZ J, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P54 Posner M. I., 1993, ATTENTION SELECTION, P390 POSNER MI, 1994, IMAGES MIND, P153 POSNER MI, 1990, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V13, P25, DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.13.1.25 Schmidt E., 1990, EUR J PEDIATR, V149, P39 SCHNEIDER W, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P1, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.84.1.1 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SERGEANT JA, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P97, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01631.x SERGEANT JA, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P111, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01632.x SHIFFRIN RM, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P127, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.127 Sternberg S, 1969, ACTA PSYCHOL, V30, P276, DOI 10.1016/0001-6918(69)90055-9 VANDERMEERE J, 1988, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V16, P627 VANDERMEERE J, 1989, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V17, P409 VANDERMEERE J, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P379 Verhulst F., 1990, PRAKTISCHE HANDLEIDI WAINWRIGHTSHARP JA, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01066415 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0929-7049 J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL JI Child Neuropsychol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 2 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1080/09297049608401347 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UR976 UT WOS:A1996UR97600003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, P Robinson, EJ Isaacs, JE Nye, RM AF Mitchell, P Robinson, EJ Isaacs, JE Nye, RM TI Contamination in reasoning about false belief: An instance of realist bias in adults but not children SO COGNITION LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; KNOWLEDGE; AUTISM; MIND; PRESCHOOLERS; ATTRIBUTION; DIFFICULTY AB Children aged around 5 and 9 years and adults were presented with stories and videos about a protagonist who heard a message purporting to provide factual information. Observing subjects knew whether the message was true or false. In some cases, this message contradicted the listener's existing belief based on what he or she had seen previously. Subjects judged whether the listener would believe or disbelieve the message. Child subjects frequently judged that a contradicting message would be disbelieved, irrespective of whether they (the child subjects) knew it to be true or false. In contrast, adult subjects made judgements that were contaminated by their own privileged knowledge of the truth. For three different scenarios, adult subjects judged more frequently that the message would be believed if they (but not the listener protagonist) knew it to be true, than if they thought it was false. RP Mitchell, P (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PSYCHOL,POB 363,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. 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H., 1986, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V51 FODOR JA, 1992, COGNITION, V44, P283, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90004-2 Frye D., 1991, CHILDRENS THEORIES M GOPNIK A, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x GOPNIK A, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P1 Harris P., 1992, MIND LANG, V7, P120, DOI DOI 10.11II/J.1468-0017.1992.TB00201.X HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 Johnson-Laird P., 1983, MENTAL MODELS LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 Lewis C., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE MITCHELL P, 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE MITCHELL P, 1991, COGNITION, V39, P107, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90040-B MITCHELL P, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P652 MITCHELL P, 1994, UNPUB U BIRMINGHAM PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1991, COGNITION, V39, P51, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90059-D Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES PRATT C, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P973, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02835.x ROBINSON EJ, 1994, COGNITIVE DEV, V9, P165, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(94)90002-7 ROBINSON EJ, 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE ROBINSON EJ, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P1022, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00920.x ROBINSON EJ, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P67, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.67 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 Russell J., 1978, ACQUISITION KNOWLEDG SALTMARSH R, 1995, COGNITION SCHNEIDER DJ, 1991, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V42, P527 SNYDER M, 1978, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V36, P941, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.36.9.941 SODIAN B, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P424, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01390.x Thouless RH, 1931, B J PSYCHOL-GEN SECT, V22, P1 Wason P. C., 1972, PSYCHOL REASONING Welman H., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND Whiten Andrew, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN WILSON TD, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P117, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.117 WIMMER H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P125 WIMMER H, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND WIMMER H, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P386, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01474.x WIMMER H, 1994, COGNITION, V53, P45, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90076-0 ZAITCHIK D, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P41, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90036-J NR 52 TC 52 Z9 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-0277 J9 COGNITION JI Cognition PD APR PY 1996 VL 59 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00683-4 PG 21 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA UF717 UT WOS:A1996UF71700001 PM 8857469 ER PT J AU Nordin, V Gillberg, C AF Nordin, V Gillberg, C TI Autism spectrum disorders in children with physical or mental disability or both .1. Clinical and epidemiological aspects SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SWEDISH COUNTY; POPULATION; RETARDATION; CLASSIFICATION; IMPAIRMENTS; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; EPILEPSY AB The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders was studied in all children with mental retardation and/or motor disability in a defined geographical region over a two-year follow-up period. In the general population, the prevalence of autistic disorder was 0.09% at the end of the follow-up period - a minimum estimate. a children with average intelligence were not screened. Autism spectrum disorders were found in 19.8% of children with mental retardation, including strictly defined autistic disorder (DSM-III-R criteria) in 8.9%; the two-year follow-up yielded a higher prevalence of 11.7% with autistic disorder. Among children with cerebral palsy, 10.5% had an autism spectrum disorder. Clear co-variation was found between mental retardation, epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders in this population of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,ANNEDALS CLIN,DEPT CLIN NEUROSCI,SECT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BLOMQUIST HKS, 1981, J MENT DEFIC RES, V25, P169 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BRASK BH, 1972, NORDIC S COMPR CAR P BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x BURD L, 1985, REHABIL LIT, V46, P246 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 CIALDELLA P, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00775.x FERNELL E, 1991, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V80, P451, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11881.x FORSGREN L, 1990, EPILEPSY RES, V6, P234, DOI 10.1016/0920-1211(90)90079-B GARREAU B, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02408559 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GILLBERG IC, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P50 GUSTAVSON KH, 1977, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V66, P373, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1977.tb07910.x HAGBERG B, 1993, ACTA PAEDIATR, V82, P387, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12704.x HAGBERG B, 1981, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V70, P441, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb05720.x HARALICK RM, 1978, COMPUT VISION GRAPH, V8, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0146-664X(78)80027-6 HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LAGERGREN J, 1981, ACTA PAEDIAT SCAND S, V289 LANDGREN M, IN PRESS DEV MED CHI Lotter V, 1967, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, V1, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00578950 LUND J, 1986, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V73, P420, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02706.x Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P314 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 RIIKONEN R, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P747 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 Rutter M, 1970, CLIN DEV MED Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SHAH A, 1982, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V3, P303, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(82)90022-4 SPIKER D, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540107 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE ZAPPELLA M, 1992, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V1, P170 NR 47 TC 78 Z9 80 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 38 IS 4 BP 297 EP 313 PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UJ332 UT WOS:A1996UJ33200003 PM 8641535 ER PT J AU Nordin, V Gillberg, C AF Nordin, V Gillberg, C TI Autism spectrum disorders in children with physical or mental disability or both .2. Screening aspects SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PSYCHOTIC CHILDREN; VALIDITY; CLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; ADOLESCENTS; SYMPTOMS; CARS AB Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) was used as a screening instrument in a study of autism spectrum disorders in a population of children with mental retardation or physical disability or both. The ABC score clearly reflected behavioural problems found in children with mental retardation and not only behaviours typical of autism. If the cut-off score used was 45 (lower than recommended by the original investigators), children with autistic disorder without multiple other disabilities were reliably identified, with an acceptable rate of false positive cases. In order not to miss other autism spectrum disorders, all cases with several omitted items in their checklists were examined in more detail. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) distinguished reasonably well between autistic disorder and other autism spectrum disorders. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,ANNEDALS CLIN,SECT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,DEPT CLIN NEUROSCI,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT COHEN IL, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P443, DOI 10.1007/BF01046050 Creak M., 1964, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V6, P530 EAVES RC, 1993, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V21, P481, DOI 10.1007/BF00916315 FERNELL E, 1991, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V80, P451, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11881.x FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GARFIN DG, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02212193 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 KANNER L, 1958, Z Kinderpsychiatr, V25, P108 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x KURITA H, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF02212937 LAMBERT NM, 1975, AAMD ADAPTIVE BEHAVI LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 LOVAAS IO, 1965, J EXPT CHILD PSYCHOL, V2, P108 LOVAAS OI, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P131, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-131 MESIBOV GB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P538, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00012 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P297 OSWALD DP, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P543, DOI 10.1007/BF02206876 Rendle-Short J., 1968, MED J AUSTRALIA, V1, P921 RIMLAND B, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P161, DOI 10.1007/BF01537955 RUTTENBE.BA, 1966, J AMER ACAD CHILD PS, V5, P453, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62093-8 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SEVIN JA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF02206868 SIEGEL B, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P53 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STURMEY P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P321, DOI 10.1007/BF01058159 SZATMARI P, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P703, DOI 10.1007/BF02172281 TEAL MB, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P485, DOI 10.1007/BF01531713 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P493 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 WADDEN NPK, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P529, DOI 10.1007/BF02206875 WING L, 1994, SCHEDULE HANDICAPS B WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01550280 NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 38 IS 4 BP 314 EP 324 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UJ332 UT WOS:A1996UJ33200004 PM 8641536 ER PT J AU Buitelaar, JK Swaab, H vanderWees, M Wildschut, M vanderGaag, RJ AF Buitelaar, JK Swaab, H vanderWees, M Wildschut, M vanderGaag, RJ TI Neuropsychological impairments and deficits in theory of mind and emotion recognition in a non-autistic boy SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; theory of mind; neuropsychology; social behaviour ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDS THEORY; INDIVIDUALS; KNOWLEDGE AB A 9-year-old non-autistic boy revealed marked deficits in visuo-spatial and visuo-motor skills, in planning and organizational capacities and in impulse inhibition. Particular strengths were his verbal comprehension and reasoning abilities. This neuropsychological pattern of assets and deficits fitted the nonverbal learning disability syndrome as described by Rourke (1989). On a battery of Theory of Mind (TOM) and emotion recognition tests he performed rather poor on several first-order TOM tasks and on all second-order TOM and emotion-matching tasks, compared to samples of autistic and normal subjects. It is suggested that his visuo-spatial and cognitive shifting deficits account for his social cognitive failures, while his superior verbal skills protect him from severe social handicaps. RP Buitelaar, JK (reprint author), DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,POB 85500,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. 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RP Schroeder, SR (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,SCHIEFELBUSCH INST LIFE SPAN STUDIES,1052 DOLE HUMAN DEV CTR,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. CR BAER DM, 1984, PARENT TRAINING FDN, P417 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEBLANC JM, IN PRESS HDB AUTISM LYNCH C, 1994, WORKSH A SULL CTR LI RISLEY T, 1995, COMMUNITY SCH FAMILY Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SCHROEDER CS, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02206548 SCHROEDER SR, 1993, 2 INT C A SULL CTR L TURNBULL HR, 1991, DEV DIS COUNC N CAR NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1996 VL 26 IS 2 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1007/BF02172022 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UH449 UT WOS:A1996UH44900023 PM 8744495 ER PT J AU Rutter, M AF Rutter, M TI Autism research: Prospects and priorities SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Working Conference on the State of the Science in Autism CY APR, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC HO NIH ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; FENFLURAMINE AB Research prospects and priorities in the field of autism are discussed with respect to (a) diagnosis, classification, and epidemiology; (b) clinical research; (c) neuropsychological research; (d) genetics; (e) structural and functional brain imaging; (f) postmortem studies; (g) other biological research; and (h) treatment research. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 4 BP 401 EP 402 DI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00001 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UB759 UT WOS:A1996UB75900001 PM 8919699 ER PT J AU Stefanatos, GA AF Stefanatos, GA TI Autism and related conditions - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID APHASIA RP Stefanatos, GA (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,CTR CLIN & DEV NEUROPSYCHOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. CR Beaumanoir A., 1985, EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES, P181 DEONNA TW, 1991, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V8, P288, DOI 10.1097/00004691-199107010-00005 LANDAU WM, 1957, NEUROLOGY, V7, P523 NASS R, 1990, J CHILD NEUROL, V5, P327 SOPRANO AM, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P230, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90108-2 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 4 BP 402 EP 403 DI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00002 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UB759 UT WOS:A1996UB75900002 ER PT J AU Deonna, T AF Deonna, T TI Autism and related conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 4 BP 403 EP 404 DI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00003 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UB759 UT WOS:A1996UB75900003 PM 8919700 ER PT J AU Stefanatos, GA AF Stefanatos, GA TI Autism and related conditions - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN; APHASIA CR BARBER B, 1961, SCIENCE, V134, P596, DOI 10.1126/science.134.3479.596 DEONNA T, 1982, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V24, P156 NASS R, 1990, J CHILD NEUROL, V5, P327 RAPIN I, 1977, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V19, P192 STEFANATOS GA, 1993, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V682, P412, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23009.x NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0890-8567 EI 1527-5418 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 4 BP 404 EP 405 DI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00004 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UB759 UT WOS:A1996UB75900004 ER PT J AU Piven, J Harper, J Palmer, P Arndt, S AF Piven, J Harper, J Palmer, P Arndt, S TI Course of behavioral change in autism: A retrospective study of high-IQ adolescents and adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; behavior; course; diagnosis ID FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN AB Objective: The course of behavioral change in autistic behaviors has received little attention in previous research but is a potentially important parameter for study in autism. Method: Autistic behaviors were systematically examined in 38 high-IQ adolescent and adult autistic individuals at their current age (13 through 28 years) and retrospectively at age 5 years using a standardized interview for autism. Results: Significant change over time in autistic behaviors, generally in the direction of improvement, was detected. The proportion of subjects showing improvement in communication and social behaviors was found to be significantly higher than the proportion showing improvement in ritualistic/repetitive behaviors. Five of 38 subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder at age 5 years no longer met criteria at their current age, although all five continued to have substantial impairment. Conclusions: The study of patterns of behavioral change over time in autism has practical implications for both diagnosis and prognosis as well as potential importance in defining biologically meaningful subgroups and clarifying fundamental mechanisms underlying this disorder. RP Piven, J (reprint author), UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,1875 JOHN PAPPAJOHN PAVIL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. RI Arndt, Stephan/A-6976-2013 OI Arndt, Stephan/0000-0003-0783-8204 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BRESLOW NE, 1989, STATISTICAL METHODS, V1 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 LAINHART JE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P587, DOI 10.1007/BF02172140 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x MESIBOV GB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P538, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00012 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 STUTSMAN R, 1952, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P, P139 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC *WHO, 1987, ICD10 1986 DRAFT WOLF L, 1986, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V31, P550 NR 22 TC 118 Z9 120 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 4 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00019 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UB759 UT WOS:A1996UB75900019 PM 8919715 ER PT J AU Piven, J Arndt, S Bailey, J Andreasen, N AF Piven, J Arndt, S Bailey, J Andreasen, N TI Regional brain enlargement in autism: A magnetic resonance imaging study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; magnetic resonance imaging; brain; development ID VENTRICLE AB Objective: To determine whether increased brain volume in autism, suggested in previous studies, is the result of general or regional brain size differences and to study the effect of gender on brain size and pattern of enlargement. Method: Total brain volume and cerebral cortical robe volumes were examined in 35 autistic and 36 comparison subjects using magnetic resonance imaging and an automated method of brain volume measurement. Results: After controlling for height and nonverbal IQ, the authors detected a significant diagnosis x gender effect (F = 7.4; p = .009) for total brain volume. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that the pattern or enlargement (brain region x diagnosis) in autistic subjects differed from that in controls (F = 4.88; p = .0004). Subsequent sex-specific analysis revealed significantly increased total brain volume in autistic males but not females. Analysis of lobe sizes showed significant enlargement in autistic subjects in temporal, parietal, and occipital, but not frontal lobes. Conclusions: These results suggest that brain size is increased in autism and that differences are not generalized but appear to be the result of a pattern of enlargement with increases in the size of specific cortical lobes. RP Piven, J (reprint author), UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,1875 JOHN PAPPAJOHN PAVIL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. RI Arndt, Stephan/A-6976-2013 OI Arndt, Stephan/0000-0003-0783-8204 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDREASEN NC, 1994, AUTOMATED ATLASBASED ANDREASEN NC, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P125 ANDREASEN NC, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P121 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P1763, DOI 10.1001/jama.272.22.1763 ANDREASEN NC, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P515 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P93 ANDREASEN NC, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P1054 Arndt S, 1994, Neuroimage, V1, P191, DOI 10.1006/nimg.1994.1004 ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 CASTELLANOS FX, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1791 Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 CIZADLO T, 1994, INT SOC OPT ENG, V2168, P423 COHEN G, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V45, P33, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(92)90012-S COLEMAN PD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF01531496 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 FLAUM M, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1327 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P191 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P66 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PIVEN J, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P18 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 SAS Institute, 1992, SAS STAT US GUID SCHULTZ RT, 1994, ANN NEUROL, V35, P732, DOI 10.1002/ana.410350615 SHAYWITZ BA, 1995, NATURE, V373, P607, DOI 10.1038/373607a0 STEG JP, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF01540677 TALAIRACH H, 1988, COPLANAR STEREOTAXIC WALKER HA, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01537727 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 39 TC 218 Z9 220 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 4 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UB759 UT WOS:A1996UB75900020 PM 8919716 ER PT J AU Sanchez, LE Campbell, M Small, AM Cueva, JE Armenteros, JL Adams, PB AF Sanchez, LE Campbell, M Small, AM Cueva, JE Armenteros, JL Adams, PB TI A pilot study of clomipramine in young autistic children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Child-and-Adolescent-Psychiatry CY OCT 25-30, 1994 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Acad Child & Adolescent Psychiat ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; BLOOD SEROTONIN; HALOPERIDOL; FENFLURAMINE; DESIPRAMINE; DYSKINESIAS; IMIPRAMINE AB Objective: To assess the short-term efficacy and safety of clomipramine in hospitalized young children with autism. Method: This was an open pilot study; after a 1-week placebo baseline, subjects were treated with clomipramine for 5 weeks. Dosage was individually regulated; starting dose was 25 mg/day; increments were 25 mg/day. Maximum dose was 250 mg/day or 5.0 mg/kg per day, whichever was less. Multiple raters, under several conditions, used the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions, Conners Parent Teacher Questionnaire, and the Clinical Global Consensus Ratings. Results: Eight children, aged 3.5 to 8.7 years, were enrolled in the study; seven of these completed the study. A 3.5-year-old boy was excluded during the third week of treatment after having urinary retention on two occasions. At doses ranging from 2.50 to 4.64 mg/kg per day (mean = 3.14), one child improved moderately and six were rated as worse on the Clinical Global Consensus Ratings. Untoward effects were common. Conclusions: Clomipramine was not therapeutic and was associated with serious untoward effects in this sample. Young autistic children may be more prone to experience untoward effects than older patients. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA. NYU,COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY. COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P640, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61017-7 ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 BRASIC JR, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1309 CAMPBELL M, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P267, DOI 10.1007/BF01557348 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21, P1085 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P434, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00010 CAMPBELL M, 1976, CURRENT THERAPEUTIC, V18, P70 CAMPBELL M, 1975, INT PHARMACOPSYCHIAT, V10, P213 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 CAMPBELL M, 1995, TREATMENT PSYCHIAT D, P151 CAMPBELL M, 1989, TREATMENTS PSYCHIAT, V1, P179 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1047 CAMPBELL M, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V27, P373 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 *DAT PROD CO, 1995, PHYS DESK REF DEVEAUGHGEISS J, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P54 DEVEAUGHGEISS J, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P45, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199201000-00008 DEVEAUGHGEISS J, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V25, P36 FLAMENT MF, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P219 FLAMENT MF, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P977 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 HERMESH H, 1987, DRUG INTEL CLIN PHAR, V21, P877 HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1965, 2 JACTOR INDEX SOCIA LEONARD HL, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1088 LOCASCIO JJ, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V27, P119 MALONE RP, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V27, P113 MAVISSAKALIAN MR, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V10, P261 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V31, P749 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P708, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198809)44:5<708::AID-JCLP2270440507>3.0.CO;2-T PETTI TA, 1975, AM J PSYCHIAT, V132, P538 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 RITVO ER, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V23, P566 THOREN P, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1281 THOREN P, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1289 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V21 NR 41 TC 55 Z9 55 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1996 VL 35 IS 4 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00021 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA UB759 UT WOS:A1996UB75900021 PM 8919717 ER PT J AU Sheehan, CM Matuozzi, RT AF Sheehan, CM Matuozzi, RT TI Investigation of the validity of facilitated communication through the disclosure of unknown information SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; WORDS AB Three individuals (8, 10, and 24 years old with diagnoses of autism and mental retardation) participated in a message-passing format to determine whether they could disclose information previously unknown to their facilitators. Results showed valid facilitated communication from each participant. The facilitated speakers participated in 14 sessions, each lasting approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. A wide range of information was collected, coded, and analyzed for validity, consistency, language difficulties, behavioral compliance, and style of facilitation. Out of 720 communicative interactions, participants disclosed 77 incidents of unknown information. Each participant revealed unique behaviors and styles of responding, and all were able to demonstrate genuinely independent communication through disclosure of specific information previously unknown to a facilitator, although much inconsistency was noted. Results suggest that a phenomena as complex as facilitated communication eludes a cursory exploration. CR Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION Biklen D, 1991, DISABILITY HANDICAP, V6, P161, DOI 10.1080/02674649166780231 BIKLEN D, 1993, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, V1, P4 BIKLEN D, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P173 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 Bogdan R. C., 1992, QUALITATIVE RES ED I CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P18 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1980, ANNES COMING OUT CROSSLEY R, 1992, FAC COMM C SYRAC NEW DEMASIO A, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DONNELLAN AM, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P69 EASTHAM M, 1990, SILENT WORDS BIOGRAP EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 HIGGINBOTHAM DJ, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P320 HILL DA, 1993, MOVIN ON FACILITATED HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, REP DIR GEN VAL REL JACOBSON JW, 1992, PSYCHOL MENTAL RETAR, V17, P3 KLEWE L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF01046057 MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF01046055 Oppenheim Rosalind, 1974, EFFECTIVE TEACHING M PRIZANT BM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P241 RAPIN I, 1982, CHILDRENS BRAIN DYSF Sacks Oliver, 1990, AWAKENINGS SCHAWLOW AL, 1993, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, V2, P8 SCHAWLOW AT, 1985, INTEGRATING MODERATE, P5 SHEEHAN C, 1993, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, V1, P6 SIMON EW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P647, DOI 10.1007/BF02172144 SNYDER LS, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V3, P15 SONNENMEIER RM, 1993, ANN M NEW YORK STAT SONNENMEIER RM, 1993, ANN M AM SPEECH HEAR SZEMPRUCH J, 1992, 95TA2 TR ROM DEV DIS Taylor SJ, 1984, INTRO QUALITATIVE RE UNSWORTH J, 1992, PLAYING GOD VAZQUEZ C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P1 Wetherby A.M., 1992, AUTISM IDENTIFICATIO, P107 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0047-6765 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD APR PY 1996 VL 34 IS 2 BP 94 EP 107 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA UE844 UT WOS:A1996UE84400003 PM 8935889 ER PT J AU Enoch, JM Barroso, L Landau, K Schreier, H Scorolli, L AF Enoch, JM Barroso, L Landau, K Schreier, H Scorolli, L TI Visual field defects in neuropsychiatric disorders SO NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE visual fields; neuropsychiatric disorders; Tourette syndrome; obsessive-compulsive disorder; bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder); time-varying changes in visual fields ID LA-TOURETTE SYNDROME; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; GILLES; CLONIDINE; SYSTEM AB Unusual evanescent modest visual field anomalies have previously been defined in patients with Tourette syndrome and their blood relatives, These anomalies include nasal and temporal steps, occasional enlarged blind spots, baring of the blind spot, and a curious partial or complete 'ringing' of the blind spot by a narrow isopter. Additionally, some individuals show two different time-based losses in sensitivity. In order to determine whether this unique set of visual field anomalies is limited to Tourette syndrome, an extended masked study is being conducted in cooperation with the Psychiatric Service at Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA. A number of categories of clearly defined neuropsychiatric disorders and normals are being studied. Parents, proband children, and siblings are being examined. Nearly identical visual field anomalies have now been found in at least two more groups of patients. They are obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder. The frequency of visual field anomalies is extremely high in the proband children and many of the family members. Data in other neuropsychiatric categories, such as unipolar depressions, schizophrenia, autism, and panic disorder, are too limited at this time to draw conclusions. This extensive test program is in mid-phase, but certain findings are evident based on ongoing analyses. The code, however, has not yet been broken. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,OAKLAND,CA. UNIV BOLOGNA,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,BOLOGNA,ITALY. RP Enoch, JM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH OPTOMETRY,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. CR ADAMS P, 1973, OBSESSIVE CHILDREN *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P245 BURD L, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P787 COHEN DJ, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1350 COHEN DJ, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P245 COHEN DJ, 1979, LANCET, V2, P551 Dowling J. 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PD APR PY 1996 VL 16 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.3109/01658109609009665 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA UG436 UT WOS:A1996UG43600002 ER PT J AU Hostler, SL AF Hostler, SL TI Facilitated communication SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM RP Hostler, SL (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,CHILDRENS MED CTR,KLUGE CHILDRENS REHABIL CTR,DIV DEV PEDIAT,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. 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ASL is a 200-kDa homotetramer that catalyzes two distinct steps of de novo purine biosynthesis leading to the formation of AMP and IMP; both steps involve the beta-elimination of fumarate. 4 single point mutation in the hu man ASL gene has been linked to mental retardation with autistic features. In addition, ASL plays an important role in the bioprocessing of anti-HIV therapeutics. B. subtilis ASL, which shares 30% sequence identity and 70% sequence similarity with human ASL, has been crystallized and data to 3.3 Angstrom have been collected at 100 K;. The space group is P6(1)22 or P6(5)22 with a = b = 129.4 Angstrom; the length of the c-axis varies between 275 and 290 Angstrom, depending on the crystal. An analysis of solvent content indicates a dimer in the asymmetric unit, although a self-rotation function and an analysis of native Pattersons failed to identify unambiguously the location of any noncrystallographic symmetry axes. 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PD APR PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 786 EP 788 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA UD304 UT WOS:A1996UD30400025 PM 8845770 ER PT J AU Tardif, C AF Tardif, C TI Interest of a new method for the study of interactions in dyads with an autistic child. SO A N A E-APPROCHE NEUROPSYCHOLOGIQUE DES APPRENTISSAGES CHEZ L ENFANT LA French DT Article DE autism; interaction; behaviour; pattern ID ETHOLOGICAL APPROACH; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; EXPRESSIONS; APPRAISAL; DEFICITS; EMOTION; MIND AB The social impairment in autism has been generally described as involving little or no relational behavior. However, the autistic population cannot be characterized globally as suffering from a total inability to communicate. Indeed, if you start off by assuming that social interactions are difficult for autistic children, but that they are not for all that devoid of social reactivity, it turns out to be necessary to study systematically the behaviors of these atypical subjects, in order to understand the specific forms of interaction in the case of a deviant development. The present study is carried out with a new method of analysis of interactions to examine the exchange patterns developped between two partners, an autistic child and a normal adult (psychologist) in interactive play. The purpose of the present article is in the first place ''methodological'', in order to set out a new approach in the analysis of human interactions. Afterwards facts and findings more detailed concerning the forms of exchanges of these dyads will be published. C1 UNIV PARIS 05,CNRS,URA 1353,LAB PSYCHOL DEV & EDUC ENFANT,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. HOP ROBERT DEBRE,SERV PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & ADOLESCENT,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BEAUDICHON J, 1991, JB PSYCHOL, V44, P399 Blurton-Jones N., 1972, ETHOLOGICAL STUDIES BUITELAAR JK, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01925.x CIARNS RB, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, pCH2 CORBOZ A, 1989, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V37, P23 Duncan Jr Starkey, 1977, FACE FACE INTERACTIO Hobson R. 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Enfant PD MAR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UM835 UT WOS:A1996UM83500003 ER PT J AU Schaefer, GB Thompson, JN Bodensteiner, JB McConnell, JM Kimberling, WJ Gay, CT Dutton, WD Hutchings, DC Gray, SB AF Schaefer, GB Thompson, JN Bodensteiner, JB McConnell, JM Kimberling, WJ Gay, CT Dutton, WD Hutchings, DC Gray, SB TI Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis in neurogenetic syndromes SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA; AUTISM; GROWTH; BRAIN AB There are conflicting reports on the relationship between cerebellar vermal lobule hypoplasia and autism. Using quantitative magnetic resonance image analysis, we measured the cerebellar vermis in 125 normal individuals with a broad age range and 102 patients with a variety of neurogenetic abnormalities. We conclude that hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII is a nonspecific finding that even occurs in several conditions without autistic behavior. This suggests that it is not a specific neuroanatomical marker for autism, nor is cerebellar dysgenesis likely to be solely responsible for clinical autistic behaviors. C1 MEYER REHABIL INST,OMAHA,NE 68198. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT ZOOL,NORMAN,OK 73019. W VIRGINIA UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT NEUROL,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. BOYS TOWN NATL RES INST,OMAHA,NE. RP Schaefer, GB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,600 S 42ND ST,OMAHA,NE 68198, USA. 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PD MAR PY 1996 VL 39 IS 3 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1002/ana.410390316 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UC473 UT WOS:A1996UC47300015 PM 8602758 ER PT J AU Barresi, J Moore, C AF Barresi, J Moore, C TI Intentional relations and social understanding SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE animal cognition; autism; development; evolution; imitation; intentionality; joint attention; representations; social understanding; theory of mind ID JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; SELF-RECOGNITION; FALSE-BELIEF; MENTAL STATES; ROLE REVERSAL; MIND; IMITATION; KNOWLEDGE; COMMUNICATION AB Organisms engage in various activities that are directed at objects, whether real or imagined. Such activities may be termed ''intentional relations''. We present a four-level framework of social understanding that organizes the ways in which social organisms represent the intentional relations of themselves and other agents. 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M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND WELLMAN HM, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P245, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90024-E WELLMAN HM, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND WELLMAN HM, 1988, COGNITION, V30, P239, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90021-2 WHITEN A, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Whiten A., 1992, ADV STUDY BEHAV, V21 WHITEN A, 1988, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V11, P233 Whiten Andrew, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x WITTGENSTEIN L, 1958, COGNITION, V7, P333 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x NR 170 TC 264 Z9 266 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 107 EP & PG 0 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VJ182 UT WOS:A1996VJ18200065 ER PT J AU BaronCohen, S AF BaronCohen, S TI Can children with autism integrate first and third person representations? SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Barresi & Moore contrast two theories of autism: (1) in autism there is a general inability to integrate first and third person information (of any kind), and (2) in autism there is a specific inability to represent an agent's perceptual or volitional mental state being about another agent's mental state. Two lines of experimental evidence suggest that the first of these is too broad, favoring instead the more specific ''theory of mind'' account. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP BaronCohen, S (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 123 EP & PG 0 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VJ182 UT WOS:A1996VJ18200067 ER PT J AU Hobson, RP AF Hobson, RP TI Understanding minds and selves SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID IMITATION; AUTISM AB Barresi & Moore provide a welcome focus on children's abilities to integrate first and third person information about intentional relations but they pay insufficient attention to the origins of children's understanding of the nature of subjective orientations vis-a-vis a shared world and the potential significance of such understanding as a source (rather than an outcome) of domain-general information-processing capacities. RP Hobson, RP (reprint author), TAVISTOCK CLIN,DEV PSYCHOPATHOL RES UNIT,LONDON NW3 5BA,ENGLAND. CR CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND LOVELAND KA, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P433, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006039 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 132 EP & PG 0 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VJ182 UT WOS:A1996VJ18200077 ER PT J AU Oosterwegel, A AF Oosterwegel, A TI Social relations and understanding the intentional self SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AUTISM AB Although Barresi & Moore could have grounded their framework more explicitly in existing models, they offer a provocative testbed for the assumptions of symbolic interactionism and further thinking about self-regulation, especially in autistics. RP Oosterwegel, A (reprint author), UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT PSYCHOL,HIGHFIELD,SOUTHAMPTON SO17 1BJ,HANTS,ENGLAND. CR Butterworth G., 1992, PSYCHOL INQ, V3, P103, DOI DOI 10.1207/S15327965PLI0302 FISCHER KW, 1980, PSYCHOL REV, V87, P477, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.87.6.477 GYORISTEFANIK K, 1995, U SOUTH UK SOUTH FEB Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HART D, IN PRESS REACHING TH HIGGINS ET, 1989, J PERS, V57, P407, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00488.x Hobson R. P., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P163, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000687 JAEDICKE S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P273, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004582 LEE A, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02172094 MITCHELL RW, 1993, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V11, P295, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(93)90002-U Oosterwegel A., 1993, SELF SYSTEM DEV CHAN OOSTERWEGEL A, IN PRESS SELF EUROPE NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 136 EP & PG 0 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VJ182 UT WOS:A1996VJ18200082 ER PT J AU Barresi, J Moore, C AF Barresi, J Moore, C TI Understanding self and other SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID IMITATION; AUTISM; MIND AB We consider the various criticism and requests for clarification made by the commentators of our framework for understanding intentional relations. Our response is organized according to the main themes in the target article: general theory, phylogeny, development, and autism. We also add some discussion of further issues, such as simulation and moral theory, that were not addressed in the target article. RP Barresi, J (reprint author), DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,HALIFAX,NS B3H 4J1,CANADA. CR BARRESI J, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V18, P544 BECKWITH RT, 1991, CHILDRENS THEORIES M CRIMMINS M, 1993, TALK BELIEFS Damasio A., 1994, DESCARTES ERROR EMOT Goldman A. I., 1992, P ADDRESSES AM PHILO, V66, P17, DOI 10.2307/3130659 GOLDMAN AI, 1993, ETHICS, V10, P337 GOLDMAN AI, 1995, ETHICS, V105, P709, DOI 10.1086/293749 GOPNIK A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P26, DOI 10.2307/1130386 GOPNIK A, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P1 GORDON RM, 1995, ETHICS, V105 HOBSON RF, 1993, PERCEIVED SELF ECOLO LEE A, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02172094 MARTIN R, 1995, J HIST IDEAS, V56, P463, DOI 10.2307/2710036 MCALPINE L, IN PRESS J VISUAL IM MOORE BR, 1992, BEHAVIOUR, V122, P231, DOI 10.1163/156853992X00525 MOORE C, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P722, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02815.x MOORE C, 1994, DEV REV, V14, P349, DOI 10.1006/drev.1994.1014 MOORE C, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P656 Nagel T, 1970, POSSIBILITY ALTRUISM PIVINELLI DJ, IN PRESS MONOGRAPHS SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 THOMPSON C, UNPUB DEV PRUDENCE A TOMASELLO M, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P495 TOMASELLO M, 1993, CHILD DEV, V64, P1688, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04207.x WIMMER H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P125 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 142 EP & PG 0 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VJ182 UT WOS:A1996VJ18200087 ER PT J AU Ozonoff, S Miller, JN AF Ozonoff, S Miller, JN TI An exploration of right-hemisphere contributions to the pragmatic impairments of autism SO BRAIN AND LANGUAGE LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-DAMAGED PATIENTS; CLOSED HEAD-INJURY; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; ADULTS; DYSFUNCTION; DISCOURSE; ABILITIES AB This study examined the potential contribution of the right hemisphere to the communicative impairments of autism. Pragmatic language measures sensitive to right-hemisphere damage were administered to nonretarded adults with autism and to controls matched on age and intellectual ability. The experimental battery included measures of humor, inference, and indirect request comprehension. Autistic subjects performed significantly less well than controls on all measures, replicating results of an earlier investigation by Rumsey and Hanahan (Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 81, 1990). The performance of the autistic group on the three tasks was also similar to that of right-hemisphere stroke patients reported previously (Molloy, Brownell, & Gardner, in Y. Joanette and H. M. Brownell (Eds.), Discourse ability and brain damage: Theoretical and empirical perspectives, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990, pp. 113-130). Generalizability of these results and implications for the neuropathology of autism are discussed. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. RP Ozonoff, S (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHOL,502 BEHAV SCI BLDG,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. 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PD MAR PY 1996 VL 52 IS 3 BP 411 EP 434 DI 10.1006/brln.1996.0022 PG 24 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA UC242 UT WOS:A1996UC24200001 PM 8653388 ER PT J AU Waterhouse, L AF Waterhouse, L TI Autism and the development of blind - Hobson,RP SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review ID CHILDREN RP Waterhouse, L (reprint author), TRENTON STATE COLL,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND Leslie A. M., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 PERNER J, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P112 ROGERS SJ, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1274, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00023 Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P138 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 41 IS 3 BP 238 EP 239 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TZ146 UT WOS:A1996TZ14600016 ER PT J AU Hadwin, J BaronCohen, S Howlin, P Hill, K AF Hadwin, J BaronCohen, S Howlin, P Hill, K TI Can we teach children with autism to understand emotions, belief, or pretence? SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; MIND; KNOWLEDGE; EXPRESSIONS; APPRAISAL; PEOPLE; STATES AB Previous studies have revealed a ''theory of mind'' impairment in children with autism. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is possible to intervene by teaching children with autism to understand the mental states of emotion, belief, or pretence. Results showed that it is possible to teach children with autism to pass tasks that assess emotion and belief understanding. Introducing unfamiliar materials in structurally similar tasks did not adversely influence teaching effects, either immediately after teaching, or 2 months later. However, teaching effects did not generalize to tasks in domains where children received no teaching. In addition, no significant progress in spontaneous pretend play resulted from teaching. These results indicate that children may be passing tasks using rules rather than any genuine understanding of the concepts involved. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPTL PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON ST GEORGES HOSP,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. 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PD SPR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 2 BP 345 EP 365 PG 21 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA UJ355 UT WOS:A1996UJ35500003 ER PT J AU Gillberg, C Coleman, M AF Gillberg, C Coleman, M TI Autism and medical disorders: A review of the literature SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; ASPERGER SYNDROME; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; JAPAN; PSYCHOSIS AB The authors reviewed all the population studies on autism published in the English language with particular reference to the rate of medical disorders. Seven studies met criteria for inclusion in the survey. The mean of possibly autism-related medical disorders in persons with autism across these studies was 24.4%. There was a trend for higher rates of medical disorders among subjects with severe mental retardation. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 38 IS 3 BP 203 EP 211 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UA932 UT WOS:A1996UA93200003 PM 8631517 ER PT J AU vonTetzchner, S Jacobsen, KH Smith, L Skjeldal, OH Heiberg, A Fagan, JF AF vonTetzchner, S Jacobsen, KH Smith, L Skjeldal, OH Heiberg, A Fagan, JF TI Vision, cognition and developmental characteristics of girls and women with Rett syndrome SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUITY CARD PROCEDURE; COMMUNICATION ABILITIES; RECOGNITION MEMORY; INFANT; INTELLIGENCE; CEREBELLAR; AUTISM AB Forty-two females with Rett syndrome, aged 2.5 to 47 years, were assessed with the Teller Acuity Cards and a new version of the Fagan test for age 2 years and above, and their parents were interviewed about the children's communication skills. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 38 IS 3 BP 212 EP 225 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UA932 UT WOS:A1996UA93200004 PM 8631518 ER PT J AU Berkell, DE Malgeri, SE Streit, MK AF Berkell, DE Malgeri, SE Streit, MK TI Auditory integration training for individuals with autism SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article AB Auditory integration training (AIT) was introduced into the United States in 1991 to ameliorate hypersensitive hearing in persons with autism and other cognitive and behavior disorders. Hypersensitive hearing is a problem that may affect up to 40% of persons with autism. Often referred to as hyperacusis, this condition causes pain or discomfort when an individual is confronted with certain noises at particular frequencies. Since the introduction of AIT into the U.S., stories of treatment successes have received substantial media attention, resulting in increased parent and professional interest, and in an increased demand for services. This paper presents and overview of AIT as a treatment for hyperacusis in autism, including a review of relevant research, descriptions of the treatment procedure and technology involved, and consideration of current controversies surrounding AIT. C1 CTR DEV DISABILITIES,WOODBURY,NY. RP Berkell, DE (reprint author), LONG ISL UNIV,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC & READING,CW POST CAMPUS,BROOKVILLE,NY 11548, USA. CR Berard G, 1993, HEARING EQUALS BEHAV Delacato C. H, 1974, ULTIMATE STRANGER AU GAVEL J, 1994, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V3, P25 GRANDIN T, 1988, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V3, P1 Grandin T., 1986, EMERGENCE LABELED AU HAYES RW, 1977, LANCET, P767 MONVILLE DS, 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P41 NEY P, 1979, SOC PSYCHIATR, V14, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF00582181 Rimland B., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P16 RIMLAND B, 1990, AUTISM RES REV INT, V4, P4 RIMLAND B, 1991, 111 AUT RES I Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM Stehli Annabel, 1991, SOUND MIRACLE VEALE T, 1993, P 1993 INT C AUT BET, P199 VEALE T, 1994, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V3, P35 VICKER BA, 1993, P 1993 INT C AUT BET, P267 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 SN 0013-1237 J9 EDUC TRAIN MENT RET JI Educ. Train. Mental Retard. Dev. Disabil. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA UN877 UT WOS:A1996UN87700007 ER PT J AU BotezMarquard, T Pedraza, OL Botez, MI AF BotezMarquard, T Pedraza, OL Botez, MI TI Neuroradiological correlates of neuropsychological disorders in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA); CT scan; cognition; cerebellum ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SPINOCEREBELLAR DEGENERATION; CEREBELLAR ATROPHY; EMERGING CONCEPT; PROJECTIONS; CONTRIBUTE; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS; ATAXIAS; AUTISM AB Thirty-two OPCA patients without cortical atrophy were studied. In addition to inspection of films by a neuroradiologist (i.e. ''subjective'' assessment), five neuroradiological measures were used, namely, the estimation of brainstem ratio, midbrain ratio, fourth ventricular ratio, brachium pontis ratio and bicaudate ratio. The patients were divided into two groups: one with mild and the other with moderate-severe atrophies. The neuropsychological assessment measures were: global memory quotient, verbal learning capacities, recall and recognition, attention, abstract thinking, visuo-spatial and visuo-constructive functioning. Three conclusions emerged: (i) cognitive disturbances in OPCA are related to the degree of cerebellar damage; (ii) these findings are consistent with the concept of anatomic and metabolic neocerebellar --> basal ganglia --> associative cerebral cortex loops; and (iii) it appears that the role of the neocerebellum in cognition is not exclusive because some other structures (fastigius, vermis) and the fastigial --> limbic loops seem to be involved. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,FAC MED,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. RP BotezMarquard, T (reprint author), HOP HOTEL DIEU,NEUROL SERV,NEUROBIOL LAB,3840 ST URBAIN ST,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. 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M., 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P1536 BOTEZ MI, 1993, EUR NEUROL, V33, P304, DOI 10.1159/000116959 BOTEZ MI, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P1229 BOTEZ MI, 1994, ENCY HUMAN BEHAV, V1, P549 BOTEZ MI, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P10 BOTEZ MI, 1988, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V15, P299 BOTEZ MI, 1989, ITAL J NEUROL SCI, V10, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02333774 BOTEZ MI, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1152 BOTEZ MI, 1991, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V18, P307 BOTEZMARQUARD T, 1994, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V21, P353 BOTEZMARQUARD T, 1993, EUR NEUROL, V33, P351, DOI 10.1159/000116970 CHAGNON M, 1953, MANUEL NORMES OECHEL CHIDA K, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40, P1241 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DECETY J, 1990, BRAIN RES, V535, P313, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91615-N ELAWAR M, 1991, BRAIN COGNITION, V16, P121, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(91)90001-O FIEZ JA, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P155, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.1.155 GRAFMAN J, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P1493 HAHN FJY, 1976, AM J ROENTGENOL, V126, P593 HEATH RG, 1979, J NERV MENT DIS, V167, P585, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197910000-00001 HEATH RG, 1974, EXP NEUROL, V45, P268, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(74)90118-6 HEATH RG, 1982, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V17, P569 HUANG YP, 1984, OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR, P39 HUCKMAN MS, 1975, RADIOLOGY, V116, P85 Ivry R B, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P136, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.136 IVRY RB, 1988, EXP BRAIN RES, V73, P167, DOI 10.1007/BF00279670 KIM SG, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P949, DOI 10.1126/science.8052851 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 KOLLER WC, 1981, NEUROLOGY, V31, P405 LALONDE R, 1988, BRAIN RES, V455, P24, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90109-6 LEINER HC, 1991, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V44, P113, DOI 10.1016/S0166-4328(05)80016-6 LEINER HC, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P444, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-T LEINER HC, 1986, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V100, P443, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.100.4.443 LEINER HC, 1989, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V103, P998, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.103.5.998 LEINER HC, 1987, ITAL J NEUROL SCI, V8, P425 LEZAK MD, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A, P423 LOPESCENDES I, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V54, P774 MIDDLETON FA, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P458, DOI 10.1126/science.7939688 NABATAME H, 1988, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V12, P298, DOI 10.1097/00004728-198803000-00020 Noica D, 1935, REV NEUROL-FRANCE, V63, P75 Petersen S E, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P153, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 RAMOS A, 1987, AM J NEURORADIOL, V8, P635 Raven J.C., 1960, GUIDE STANDARD PROGR REY A, 1959, MANUEL TEST COPIE RE, P5 ROSENTHAL G, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V24, P414, DOI 10.1002/ana.410240310 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, J COMP NEUROL, V305, P224 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V289, P53, DOI 10.1002/cne.902890105 SOMMEZOGLU K, 1993, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V87, P275 Stroop JR, 1935, J EXP PSYCHOL, V18, P643, DOI 10.1037/h0054651 Wechsler D, 1945, J PSYCHOL, V19, P87 YAMAMOTO H, 1986, JPN J MED, V25, P238 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 1351-5101 J9 EUR J NEUROL JI Eur. J. Neurol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 3 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00198.x PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UN020 UT WOS:A1996UN02000001 ER PT J AU Buitelaar, JK Dekker, MEM vanRee, JM vanEngeland, H AF Buitelaar, JK Dekker, MEM vanRee, JM vanEngeland, H TI A controlled trial with ORG 2766, an ACTH-(4-9) analog, in 50 relatively able children with autism SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; ORG 2766; social behavior; endogenous opioids ID ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE 4-9; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; ORG-2766; CLASSIFICATION; AMYGDALA AB The aim of the present study was to replicate earlier findings of beneficial effects of ORG 2766, an ACTH-(4-9) analog, in autistic children. Fifty children with autism, 7-15 years old and with a Performance IQ of more than 60, participated in a double-blind placebo controlled parallel trial. Active treatment was 40 mg ORG 2766 for 6 weeks. The outcome was assessed on the basis of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist completed by parents and teachers, and by means of a detailed behavioral observation (30 subjects). ORG 2766 failed to improve social and communicative behavior at a group level. The rate of individual response, defined as a reliable change in social withdrawal at home and at school, to ORG 2766 (10 out of 30) and placebo (4 out of 20) was not significant either. The children who responded to ORG 2766, but not those who responded to placebo, manifested significant improvements outside the changes in the defining variables, including a decrease in hyperactivity at school. The responders to ORG 2766 were characterized mainly by a relatively lower PIQ; further by more initial hyperactivity, stereotypies and abnormal speech, and less initial eye contact. The responders to placebo could not be differentiated from the non-responders to placebo. 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Neuropsychopharmacol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 6 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/0924-977X(95)00049-U PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA UB419 UT WOS:A1996UB41900003 PM 8866933 ER PT J AU Leuzzi, V Prosperi, E Tonarti, A Garzia, P AF Leuzzi, V Prosperi, E Tonarti, A Garzia, P TI Neurogenetic diseases and generalized developmental disorders SO GIORNALE DI NEUROPSICOFARMACOLOGIA LA Italian DT Article ID FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME; ANGELMAN SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PRADER-WILLI; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; SITE; EEG AB In many studies about Pervasive Development Disorders the prevalence of secondary forms vares from 10 to 100%. In the last few years, through the use of increasingly-advanced techniques to study the Central Nervous System, an Autistic Syndrome has been observed in many neurogenetic disorders. 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Neuropsicofarmacol. PD MAR-APR PY 1996 VL 18 IS 2 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UJ742 UT WOS:A1996UJ74200004 ER PT J AU Howlin, P AF Howlin, P TI Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP Howlin, P (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,CRANMER TERRACE,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0261 J9 INT REV PSYCHIATR JI Int. Rev. Psych. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA UN965 UT WOS:A1996UN96500018 ER PT J AU Haas, RH Townsend, J Courchesne, E Lincoln, AJ Schreibman, L YeungCourchesne, R AF Haas, RH Townsend, J Courchesne, E Lincoln, AJ Schreibman, L YeungCourchesne, R TI Neurologic abnormalities in infantile autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; HYPOPLASIA; CEREBELLUM AB Neuroanatomic, pathologic, and neurobehavioral studies point to a cerebellar and parietal abnormality in autism. We used a standardized protocol to examine neurologic function in 28 pediatric autistic subjects and 24 pediatric normal healthy volunteer controls. As a group, the autistic subjects had quantitative measures from magnetic resonance imaging suggesting hypoplasia or hyperplasia of the cerebellar vermis, as well as measurements of posterior corpus callosum suggesting abnormalities of posterior cortex. In groups of tests that reflect cerebellar and parietal function, the neurologic abnormalities detectable by clinical examination were significantly greater for autistic subjects than for normal controls. These studies confirm that the structural and behavioral deficit in autism does lead to abnormalities that can be detected on the clinical neurologic examination. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. CHILDRENS HOSP,AUTISM & BRAIN DEV RES LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA. CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P388, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.4.388 AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 ANDRIEN JL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P43 [Anonymous], 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STAT MANU ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN ML, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P190 BAUMAN M L, 1990, Neurology, V40, P359 BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 Ciesielski K.T., 1990, P 5 INT CHILD NEUR C, P650 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1990, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V2, P685, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199008000-00010 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P848, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 DIXON WJ, 1990, BMDP STATISTICAL SOF, V1 DIXON WJ, 1990, BMDP STATISTICAL SOF, V2 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01487072 GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 GILMAN S, 1981, DISORDERS CEREBELLUM, P196 HALLETT M, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P1304 HASHIMOTO T, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Heilman KM, 1985, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, P243 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 HOSHINO Y, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P33 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 POSNER MI, 1984, J NEUROSCI, V4, P1863 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 RAZ N, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P412 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 SCHARRE JE, 1992, OPTOMETRY VISION SCI, V69, P433, DOI 10.1097/00006324-199206000-00004 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Schreibman L, 1973, J Abnorm Child Psychol, V1, P152, DOI 10.1007/BF00916110 SEGAWA M, 1991, NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASI, P317 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P220, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 VILENSKY JA, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P646 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 NR 56 TC 59 Z9 60 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 84 EP 92 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA UB133 UT WOS:A1996UB13300003 PM 8881982 ER PT J AU Siegel, DJ Goldstein, G Minshew, NJ AF Siegel, DJ Goldstein, G Minshew, NJ TI Designing instruction for the high-functioning autistic individual SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; academic profile; instruction ID READING-COMPREHENSION; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; STRATEGY INSTRUCTION; LEVEL AUTISM; CHILDREN; STUDENTS; ADULTS; IMPAIRMENTS; ADOLESCENTS AB Neuropsychological studies of high functioning individuals with autism have found a selective pattern of academic and cognitive abilities and deficits which characterizes the disorder. This review describes the characteristic profile of academic performance in high functioning autism while delineating it from other learning and behavior disorders. Implications of this profile for the design of instruction in reading, mathematics, and language, as well as for arranging the classroom environment, are discussed. Specific instructional strategies and classroom interventions are presented for teaching high functioning autistic learners that are consistent with the characteristic profile of intact abilities and deficits found for the disorder. C1 HIGHLAND DR VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15206. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RP Siegel, DJ (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x BROOK SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF01046403 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 CUMMINS DD, 1991, COGNITION INSTRUCT, V8, P261, DOI 10.1207/s1532690xci0803_2 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 FREEMAN BJ, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P25 Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x GOLDBERG TE, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF01487258 GOLINKOFF RM, 1976, READ RES QUART, V11, P623 GRAHAM L, 1993, J LEARN DISABIL, V26, P270 GRAY C, 1994, SOCIAL STORY BOOK HANSEN J, 1983, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V75, P821, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.75.6.821 HINCHLEY J, 1988, COGNITION INSTRUCT, V5, P3, DOI 10.1207/s1532690xci0501_1 Hoyson M., 1985, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V8, P157 HUTCHINSON NL, 1993, LEARN DISABILITY Q, V16, P34, DOI 10.2307/1511158 KAMPS D, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P277, DOI 10.1007/BF01058156 MANZO AV, 1969, J READING, V13, P123 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P774 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V9, P31, DOI 10.1016/0887-6177(94)90012-4 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P261, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402637 MINSHEW NJ, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V9, P255, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.9.2.255 MONTAGUE M, 1986, J LEARN DISABIL, V19, P26 MONTAGUE M, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P230 Palincsar A. S., 1984, COGNITION INSTRUCT, V1, P117, DOI DOI 10.1207/S1532690XCI0102_1 PARIS SG, 1984, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V76, P1239, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1239 PARIS SG, 1981, J READING BEHAV, V13, P5 PARIS SG, 1986, DEV REV, V6, P25, DOI 10.1016/0273-2297(86)90002-X RAPHAEL TE, 1985, AM EDUC RES J, V22, P217, DOI 10.3102/00028312022002217 REICHLER R, 1976, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY CHIL Riley M., 1983, DEV MATH THINKING, P153 ROURKE BP, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D, P80 ROWNTREE D, 1983, LEARN STUDY RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 SCHREIBMAN L, 1992, HDB CLIN BEHAVIOR TH, P337 SCHUMAKER JB, 1982, LEARN DISABILITY Q, V5, P295, DOI 10.2307/1510296 Schunk D. H., 1986, J EARLY ADOLESC, V6, P55, DOI 10.1177/0272431686061005 SHEA V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF01531787 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMITH MD, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P145, DOI 10.1007/BF01531726 SMITH MD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF01531602 STEEL JG, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P704 STRANG JD, 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LEAR, P302 TYLER SW, 1983, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V75, P359, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.75.3.359 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P417 WAGONER SA, 1983, READ RES QUART, V18, P328, DOI 10.2307/747392 Wilson B. A., 1987, REHABILITATION MEMOR NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/BF02578436 PG 19 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA UC255 UT WOS:A1996UC25500001 ER PT J AU KirkpatrickSanchez, S Williams, DE Matson, JL Anderson, SJ Gardner, WI AF KirkpatrickSanchez, S Williams, DE Matson, JL Anderson, SJ Gardner, WI TI An evaluation of age and intellectual functioning on rates of psychopathology SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE age; mental retardation; psychopathology ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC-ASSESSMENT; MENTAL HANDICAP; SCALE AB Rates of psychopathology in 783 individuals with severs and profound mental retardation were evaluated Differences were apparent not only across the two levels of mental retardation, but also for age groups of 21 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, and over 50. Disorders studied in order from highest to lowest prevalence were schizophrenia, organic disorders, autism, pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), psychosis not otherwise specified (NOS), and bipolar disorder. Rates of identified psychopathology were generally lower in the group with profound mental retardation, particularly for autism and bipolar disorder. Regarding age differences, organicity was more common in the groups aged over 30, as might be expected. However, rates did not differ markedly from 31 to 40, 41 to 40, and over 50. Little difference across ages was noted in psychosis NOS or schizophrenia. However, PDD was more common in younger individuals. Implications of these findings are discussed. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP KirkpatrickSanchez, S (reprint author), RICHMOND STATE SCH,RICHMOND,TX 77469, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 BENSON BA, 1990, HDB BEHAVIOR MODIFIC, P391 CAMPBELL M, 1991, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V42, P374 EATON LF, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1297 FRASER WI, 1986, J MENT DEFIC RES, V30, P49 JACOBSON JW, 1990, ASSESSMENT BEHAVIOR, P19 KOBE FH, 1994, RES DEV DISABIL, V15, P413, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(94)90026-4 Matson J. L., 1993, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY MENT MATSON JL, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P6, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.6 MATSON JL, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P404, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.3.404 MATSON JL, 1991, J NERV MENT DIS, V179, P553, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199109000-00006 SEVIN JA, 1995, IN PRESS BRIT J CLIN SINGH TH, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P125 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1007/BF02578437 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA UC255 UT WOS:A1996UC25500002 ER PT J AU Reed, T AF Reed, T TI Analogical reasoning in subjects with autism, retardation, and normal development SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; analogical reasoning; cognitive development; integration ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CHILDREN; DEFICITS AB The ability to integrate information is an important aspect of cognitive development. Piaget (1950) and others have seen an increase in this ability as marking important progress in cognitive development. Frith (1989), on the other hand proposed that this is an area of weakness for people with autism and suggested that such a deficit could provide an explanation for the characteristic symptoms of autism. As a test of the hypothesis that people with autism had difficulty in integrating information the performance of subjects with autism was compared with that of subjects with retardation and normally developing subjects, matched for verbal age and sex, on four analogy tasks. It was predicted that control subjects would perform significantly better than autistic subjects on these task. There was a complex pattern of results; however, it was apparent that there was a tendency for the autistic subjects to have greater difficulty with analogies tests than control subjects. It was suggested that autistic people have an impaired ability to integrate stimuli and thus have difficulty in perceiving relationships such as those depicted in analogy task. RP Reed, T (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,4200 E 9TH AVE,BOX B148,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.1007/BF02578440 PG 16 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA UC255 UT WOS:A1996UC25500005 ER PT J AU Haviland, JM WalkerAndrews, AS Huffman, LR Toci, L Alton, K AF Haviland, JM WalkerAndrews, AS Huffman, LR Toci, L Alton, K TI Intermodal perception of emotional expressions by children with autism SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; intermodal perception; emotional expressions ID INFANTS; RECOGNITION; MIND AB Twenty-six children and adolescents with autism and six normally developing peers participated in an intermodal preference study examining their perception of emotional expressions. Children were presented pairs of videotaped facial expressions accompanied by a single soundtrack affectively matching one of the two facial expressions. Overall, the children with autism looked less at these emotional expressions than did the normally developing children. Both groups of children looked preferentially to fearful facial expressions, irrespective of the accompanying vocal expression. The sound manipulation influenced the children's looking time to the sad and happy facial expressions. These patterns of looking were correlated with chronological age and PPVT scores for the children with autism. RP Haviland, JM (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 FERRARA C, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02408432 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, AUTISM NEW PERSPECTI HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HUFFMAN LR, 1994, THESIS RUTGERS U Izard C. 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Disabil. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1007/BF02578441 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA UC255 UT WOS:A1996UC25500006 ER PT J AU Fudenberg, HH Demirjian, R Iversen, P AF Fudenberg, HH Demirjian, R Iversen, P TI Classic infantile onset autism is an autoimmune disease. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEUROIMMUNOTHERAPEUT RES FDN,SPARTANBURG,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 3 BP A331 EP A331 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA UG207 UT WOS:A1996UG20700772 ER PT J AU Murray, JB AF Murray, JB TI Psychophysiological aspects of autistic disorders: Overview SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN-STEM; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; IDENTICAL TRIPLETS; GENETIC INFLUENCES; PERINATAL FACTORS AB The neurological, neurochemical, and neurotransmitter level differences as well as genetic influences associated with autism have been studied extensively in the last two decades. The varied findings from research offer hope for better understanding, effective treatment, and, perhaps, cure of this pervasive developmental disorder. RP Murray, JB (reprint author), ST JOHNS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,8000 UTOPIA PKWY,JAMAICA,NY 11439, USA. 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Psychol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 130 IS 2 BP 145 EP 158 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA UG501 UT WOS:A1996UG50100004 PM 8636905 ER PT J AU Fernyhough, C AF Fernyhough, C TI The dialogic mind: A dialogic approach to the higher mental functions SO NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; LANGUAGE; PERSPECTIVE; PSYCHOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; PEOPLE AB Drawing on the work of Vygotsky, Bakhtin, Wertsch and others, I outline a framework for the study of the higher mental functions that views them as dialogic processes derived from interpersonal activity. According to this view, the higher mental functions develop through the progressive internalization of semiotically manifested perspectives on reality, such that mature functioning involves the simultaneous coming-into-conflict of differing internalized perspectives. 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PD MAR PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 47 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0732-118X(95)00024-B PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA UQ758 UT WOS:A1996UQ75800008 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Baglio, CS Smiroldo, BB Hamilton, M Packlowskyj, T Williams, D KirkpatrickSanchez, S AF Matson, JL Baglio, CS Smiroldo, BB Hamilton, M Packlowskyj, T Williams, D KirkpatrickSanchez, S TI Characteristics of autism as assessed by the diagnostic assessment for the severely handicapped-II (DASH-II) SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article AB The present study involved 1245 individuals with severe and profound mental retardation. Individuals with and without autistic features as assessed by the DASH-II were compared on demographic variables and symptomatology. The core and associated features of autism in severely and profoundly mentally retarded population were identified. Characteristics of persons with autistic disorders are reviewed and the implications of the results are discussed. C1 RICHMOND STATE SCH,RICHMOND,TX. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BORTHWICKDUFFY SA, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P17, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.17 COKER SB, 1989, DEV DELAY MENTAL RET HAMILTON M, 1995, THESIS LOUISIANA STA MARCHETTI AG, 1990, HDB BEHAV MOFIDICATI MATSON JL, 1993, PSYCHOPHATHOLOGY MEN MATSON JL, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P6, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.6 MATSON JL, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P404, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.3.404 Mulick J.A., 1991, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI REISS S, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P567 Sattler JM, 1988, ASSESSMENT CHILDRENS SCHREIBMAN L, 1989, HDB CHILD PSYCHOPATH Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SEVIN JA, 1995, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V34, P93 WHITMAN TL, 1983, BEHAVIOR MODIFICATIO NR 15 TC 84 Z9 84 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD MAR-APR PY 1996 VL 17 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00044-5 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA UB405 UT WOS:A1996UB40500002 PM 8778935 ER PT J AU Hallmayer, J Spiker, D Lotspeich, L McMahon, WM Petersen, PB Nicholas, P Pingree, C Ciaranello, RD AF Hallmayer, J Spiker, D Lotspeich, L McMahon, WM Petersen, PB Nicholas, P Pingree, C Ciaranello, RD TI Male-to-male transmission in extended pedigrees with multiple cases of autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; chromosome X; male to male transmission; extended pedigrees ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; INDIVIDUALS; PARENTS; TWIN; ETIOLOGY; FAMILIES AB Despite strong genetic influences in autism, the true mode of inheritance remains unknown, Sex differences in autism have been described in both singleton and multiplex families [Lord et al., 1982; Volkmar et al., 1993; McLennan et al., 1993; Lord, 1992]: Boys outnumber girls by 3 or 4 to 1, and so a sex-linked mode of transmission must also be considered, The key characteristic of X-linkage is that all sons of affected men are unaffected (no male-to-male transmission), In the present study, which is part of an ongoing linkage project in autism, we describe 77 multiplex autism families, 11 of who are affected cousin or half-sibling families, By using these families, it is possible to trace the path of genetic transmission and observe whether the hypothesis of X-linkage is tenable, Of 11 extended pedigrees from 77 multiplex families, six show male-to-male transmission; in these families, X-linkage can be excluded as the genetic basis for their autism, The data from the other five families are compatible with either an autosomal or an X-linked mode of transmission, The key point to emerge, then, is that autism cannot be exclusively an X-linked disorder; there must be an autosomal mode of transmission at least in some families, Thus we must consider the alternative hypotheses that autism is either entirely autosomal, or it is genetically heterogeneous, involving at least one autosomal locus with gender-specific expression, as well as a possible locus on the X-chromosome. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 STANFORD UNIV,AUTISM GENET PROGRAM,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. CHILDRENS BEHAV THERAPY UNIT,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. RP Hallmayer, J (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,NANCY PRITZER LAB DEV & MOL NEUROBIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. 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J. Med. Genet. PD FEB 16 PY 1996 VL 67 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-T PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TY403 UT WOS:A1996TY40300003 PM 8678108 ER PT J AU Simon, EW Finucane, BM AF Simon, EW Finucane, BM TI Facial emotion identification in males with fragile X syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; IQ; mental retardation; sequential processing; social cognition ID AUTISTIC CHILDS APPRAISAL; BRAIN-DAMAGED PATIENTS; EXPRESSIONS; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION AB Fifteen postpubertal males with fragile X syndrome (FRA(X)) and 15 non-FRA(X) males matched on IQ and age were assessed for their ability to identify the facially expressed emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise, Emotions of happiness and sadness were the easiest to identify for both groups of participants, Regardless of etiology, individuals with higher IQ scores performed better at this task than did individuals with lower IQ scores, Results were consistent with findings in females having the fragile X mutation, The current study supported the notion that FRA(X) individuals are sensitive to facial emotion cues presented by others, This finding is discussed in the context of autism and gaze aversion. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Simon, EW (reprint author), ELWYN INC,111 ELWYN RD,ELWYN,PA 19063, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BOROD JC, 1986, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V24, P169 BOROD JC, 1993, J NERV MENT DIS, V181, P494, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199308000-00004 BOROD JC, 1990, BRAIN COGNITION, V13, P167, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(90)90048-S BREGMAN JD, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P463, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00001 CHUDLEY A, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P45 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P45 COURCHESNE G, 1994, AJR, V162, P123 CROWE SF, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P9, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90082-Y DYKENS EM, 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH, P226, DOI 409861590,12,1 DYKENS EM, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P234 DYKENS EM, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P427, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00021 Ekman P, 1975, UNMASKING FACE, V1st FISCH GS, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P47, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430107 FRYNS JP, 1984, CLIN GENET, V25, P131 GEORGE MS, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P384 GOLDFINE PE, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P108 GRAY JM, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P566, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.6.566 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B KAUFMAN AS, 1984, KAUFMAN SEQUENTIAL S MAZZOCCO MMM, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P473, DOI 10.1007/BF02172129 MCALPINE C, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P29 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 WEBB TP, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P573, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230151 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB 16 PY 1996 VL 67 IS 1 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<77::AID-AJMG13>3.0.CO;2-M PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TY403 UT WOS:A1996TY40300014 PM 8678119 ER PT J AU Sowell, ER Jernigan, TL Mattson, SN Riley, EP Sobel, DF Jones, KL AF Sowell, ER Jernigan, TL Mattson, SN Riley, EP Sobel, DF Jones, KL TI Abnormal development of the cerebellar vermis in children prenatally exposed to alcohol: Size reduction in lobules I-V SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fetal alcohol syndrome; cerebellum; vermis; magnetic resonance imaging; prenatal alcohol exposure ID CELL LOSS; BRAIN; AUTISM AB Abnormalities of the cerebellar vermis have been well documented in animal models of fetal alcohol syndrome. At this point, it is not known if the same brain region is affected in humans prenatally exposed to alcohol. In this study, the area of the cerebellar vermis was measured from brain magnetic resonance images of 9 children and young adults with prenatal alcohol exposure and 24 control subjects in the same age range. Six of the exposed children met standard criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome. The remaining three subjects had significant histories of prenatal exposure to alcohol, but did not have enough of the classic facial features for the diagnosis. For each subject with a suitable midsagittal section, three vermal areas were circumscribed: anterior vermis (vermal lobules I-V), posterior vermis (vermal lobules VI and VII), and the remaining vermal area (including lobules VIII-X). Statistical analyses revealed that the anterior region of the vermis was significantly smaller in subjects with prenatal alcohol exposure, whereas the posterior region and the remaining vermal area did not differ between groups. Previous findings from an animal model of neonatal alcohol exposure have documented Purkinje cell loss in vermal lobules I-V and IX-X, with notable sparing in lobules VI-VII. Thus, the results of both studies indicate similar patterns of abnormal brain development in the anterior vermal region, with apparent sparing in the posterior vermal region, Our findings, for the first time, suggest that regionally specific Purkinje cell death may also occur in humans prenatally exposed to alcohol. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,BRAIN IMAGE ANAL LAB 0949,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,JOINT DOCTORAL PROGRAM CLIN PSYCHOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,CTR BEHAV TERATOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. SCRIPPS CLIN & RES FDN,DIV NEURORADIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV DYSMORPHOL & TERATOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. VET ADM MED CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RI Riley, Edward/E-6369-2013; Mattson, Sarah/G-5344-2011 OI Riley, Edward/0000-0001-8747-891X; Mattson, Sarah/0000-0001-8499-9605 CR CLARREN SK, 1986, ALCOHOL BRAIN DEV COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 GOODLETT CR, 1990, ALCOHOL, V7, P107, DOI 10.1016/0741-8329(90)90070-S JACOBSON S, 1979, CURRENTS ALCOHOLISM, V5 JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P529 JONES KL, 1975, TERATOLOGY, V12, P1, DOI 10.1002/tera.1420120102 JONES KL, 1973, LANCET, V1, P1267 MATTSON SN, 1992, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V16, P1001, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01909.x MATTSON SN, 1994, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V16, P283, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90050-7 SAMSON HH, 1981, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V5, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb05362.x WEST JR, 1981, SCIENCE, V211, P957 WEST JR, 1990, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V14, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01820.x NR 13 TC 149 Z9 151 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD FEB PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01039.x PG 4 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA TX852 UT WOS:A1996TX85200007 PM 8651458 ER PT J AU Howlin, P Jones, DPH AF Howlin, P Jones, DPH TI An assessment approach to abuse allegations made through facilitated communication SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE assessment; abuse allegations; facilitated communication ID SEXUAL ABUSE; CHILDREN; COURT AB Over the last few years a number of cases have been reported in which accusations of sexual abuse have been made through the medium of facilitated communication. Although experimental evaluations of facilitated communication indicate that responses are almost always under the control of the facilitator, not the client, such allegations cannot be ignored. The following case study describes the procedures followed when a young girl with autism began to make accusations of abuse against family members. The paper suggests a number of guidelines that might be followed when professionals are faced with dilemmas of a similar kind. C1 PK HOSP CHILDREN,OXFORD OX3 7LQ,ENGLAND. ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 CR AMMERMAN RT, 1989, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V13, P335, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(89)90073-2 AMMERMAN RT, 1988, J FAMILY VIOLENCE, V3, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00994666 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL GARDNER MF, 1979, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD Green G., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P157 Gudjonsson G. H., 1992, PSYCHOL INTERROGATIO GUDJONSSON GH, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V141, P624, DOI 10.1192/bjp.141.6.624 HECKLER S, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P495, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90003-5 HOSTLER SL, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P1190 HOWLIN P, 1994, COMMUNICATION, V28, P10 Jones D. P., 1987, J INTERPERS VIOLENCE, V2, P27, DOI 10.1177/088626087002001002 JONES DPH, 1989, SEXUAL ABUSE ALLEGAT, P22 JONES DPH, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P491, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90002-7 NEALE MD, 1966, NEALE ANAL READING Raven JC, 1947, COLOURED PROGR MATRI RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV INT, V6, P3 SCHOPLER E, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P337 SHANE H, 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P299 SHANE H, 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P259 STARR E, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P515, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90005-1 THARINGER D, 1990, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V14, P301, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(90)90002-B Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 20 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0145-2134(95)00121-2 PG 8 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA TT999 UT WOS:A1996TT99900002 PM 8838407 ER PT J AU Rusch, FR Cimera, RE AF Rusch, FR Cimera, RE TI A guide to successful employment for individuals with autism - Smith,MD, Belcher,RG, Juhrs,PD SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,TRANSIT RES INST,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,INST RES HUMAN DEV,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Rusch, FR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. CR Smith M, 1995, GUIDE SUCCESSFUL EMP NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 41 IS 2 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TU873 UT WOS:A1996TU87300051 ER PT J AU Bebko, JM Perry, A Bryson, S AF Bebko, JM Perry, A Bryson, S TI Multiple method validation study of facilitated communication .2. Individual differences and subgroup results SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AUTISM AB Potential individual variations in the effectiveness of a shared communication method facilitated communication (FC), were examined among 20 students with autism and related disorders. To minimize the limits or disadvantages of a single method, we used multiple methods, including auditory or visual input and simple pointing responses to pictures or words, as well as typing. Data were collected after 6 weeks of FC, and follow-up data up to 7 months later Findings differed across methods, but there was little clear support for the validity of FC in enhancing communication over communication that students produced independently. Significant facilitator influence of responses was found, but was far less extensive than in other studies. However an ''abdication'' pattern of responding was found for some students, in which high performance observed with independent responding was lessened on trials when FC was introduced. That is, these students may become more passive communicators when FC is used. The complex detected and undetected influences in the process of communication through facilitation are discussed, as well as risk factors in the use of FC. C1 TRE ADD,THISTLETOWN REG CTR,REXDALE,ON M9V 4L8,CANADA. RP Bebko, JM (reprint author), YORK UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,4700 KEELE ST,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. CR ATTWOOD AJ, 1993, INT C AUTISM TORONTO BEBKO JM, 1994, ANN CHILD PSYCHIAT D BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BRYSON S, UNPUB MULTIPLE METHO BRYSON SE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P225, DOI 10.1007/BF02172099 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 DONNELLAN AM, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P69 DUNN LM, 1981, MANUAL FORMS L M PEA Green G., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC PERRY A, 1994, TOP LANG DISORD, V14, P79 PERRY A, 1992, P TECHN EVER C CHATH PERRY A, 1993, J DEV DISABILITIES, V2, P1 PERRY A, 1993, J DEV DISABILITIES, V2, P123 PERRY A, 1994, IBTARUI ASS DEV DISA RIMLAND B, 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P7 SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 WOODS TS, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 19 EP 42 DI 10.1007/BF02276233 PG 24 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TY568 UT WOS:A1996TY56800004 PM 8819769 ER PT J AU Bomba, C ODonnell, L Markowitz, C Holmes, DL AF Bomba, C ODonnell, L Markowitz, C Holmes, DL TI Evaluating the impact of facilitated communication on the communicative competence of fourteen students with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate facilitated communication (FC) as an augmentative or alternative communication system for 14 students attending the Eden Institute in Princeton, NJ. All participants had an independent diagnosis of autism and standardized testing revealed significant deficits in adaptive behavior across all developmental domains. A pretest-posttest design was utilized to (a) determine if any of the participants were immediately capable of communicating through FC (b) if necessary, instruct the participants in the use FC, and (c) determine if this instruction had any impact on their ability to use FC. At the end of 10 weeks of instruction, no participants were able to produce functional, typed communication. Findings ape consistent with other quantitative studies that find no support for the cause-effect relationship proposed by FC proponents. RP Bomba, C (reprint author), EDEN INST INC,EDEN FAMILY SERV,1 LOGAN DR,PRINCETON,NJ 08540, USA. 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I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD Makarushka M., 1991, NEW YORK TIMES 1006, P32 Makarushka M., 1991, NEW YORK TIMES 1006, P70 MIRENDA P, 1988, TOP LANG DISORD, V9, P24 Mirenda P, 1989, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V5, P3, DOI 10.1080/07434618912331274916 RITVO ER, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V19, P341 Rutter M., 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P545 SCHUBERT A, 1992, FACILITATED COMMUNIC SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 SPAKE A, 1992, WASHINGTON POST MAY, P28 SPAKE A, 1992, WASHINGTON POST 0531, P16 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K TERMAN L, 1973, MANUAL 3 REVISION FO Vanderheiden G. C., 1986, AUGMENTATIVE COMMUNI, P49 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1007/BF02276234 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TY568 UT WOS:A1996TY56800005 PM 8819770 ER PT J AU Waterhouse, L Morris, R Allen, D Dunn, M Fein, D Feinstein, C Rapin, I Wing, L AF Waterhouse, L Morris, R Allen, D Dunn, M Fein, D Feinstein, C Rapin, I Wing, L TI Diagnosis and classification in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DSM-III-R; CHILDREN; DEFICITS AB This study compared four systems for the diagnosis of autism (DSM-III; DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and ICD-10) with two empirically derived taxa of autism, and with three social subgroups of autism (Aloof; Passive, and Active-but-Odd) in 194 preschool children with salient social impairment. There were significant behavior and IQ differences between autistic and other-PDD groups for all four diagnostic systems, and a significant association was found (a) for Taxon B, diagnoses of autism, and the Aloof subgroup, and (b) for Taxon A, other-PDD, and the Active-bur-Odd subgroup. Findings offer support for two major overlapping continua within idiopathic Pervasive Developmental Disorder. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30303. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10467. KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR SOCIAL & COMMUN DISORDERS,BROMLEY,KENT,ENGLAND. RP Waterhouse, L (reprint author), TRENTON STATE COLL,226 BRAY HALL,TRENTON,NJ 08650, USA. 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J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 EAVES LC, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3 ERLENMEYERKIMLING L, 1989, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V98, P203, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.98.3.203 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 FEIN D, 1996, UNPUB TAXA AUTISM FLEISS JL, 1972, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V26, P168 FREEMAN BJ, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P25 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01487072 GOLDEN RR, 1991, THINKING CLEARLY PSY GOLDEN RR, 1987, J PSYCHIAT RES, V21, P101 GOLDEN RR, 1996, UNPUB USING NEUROPSY Goldman Rachel, 1995, V23, P93 GOLDEN RR, 1996, UNPUB REGRESSION MIX Hedrick D. L., 1984, SEQUENCED INVENTORY HOROWITZ B, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P102 Hresko W. P., 1981, TEST EARLY LANGUAGE Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kanner L. E. 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Y., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P11 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF01046323 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 WAINWRIGHTSHARP JA, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01066415 Waterhouse L, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P1989263 WATERHOUSE L, 1993, AUTISM LANGUAGE DISO WATERHOUSE L, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P159 WATERHOUSE L, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF01046326 WATERHOUSE L, 1986, REPORT PDD DSM IIIR *WHO, MENT DIS ICD 10 CLAS Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1985, AUTISTIC DISORDER IN WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01550280 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 NR 60 TC 70 Z9 71 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 86 DI 10.1007/BF02276235 PG 28 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TY568 UT WOS:A1996TY56800006 PM 8819771 ER PT J AU Denney, DR Frei, BW Gaffney, GR AF Denney, DR Frei, BW Gaffney, GR TI Lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2 receptors in autistic children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN-2; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; SEROTONIN; SERUM AB Blood samples were obtained from 10 male autistic children ages 7-15 years and 10 age-matched, male, healthy controls. Lymphocyte subsets (helper-inducer, suppressor-cytotoxic, total T, and total B cells) were enumerated using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Bound and soluble interleukin-2 receptors were assayed in unstimulated blood samples and in cell cultures following 72-hour stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The children with autism had a lower percentage of helper-inducer cells and a lower helper:suppressor ratio, with both measures inversely related to the severity of autistic symptoms (r = -.56 and -.68, respectively). A lower percentage of lymphocytes expressing bound interleukin-2 receptors following mitogenic stimulation was also noted, and this too was inversely related to the severity of autistic symptoms. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP Denney, DR (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT PSYCHOL,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. CR GANGULI R, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P292 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x MAES M, 1991, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V21, P133, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(91)90060-6 RAPAPORT MH, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P291 RITVO ER, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V23, P566 SINGH VK, 1991, CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP, V61, P448, DOI 10.1016/S0090-1229(05)80015-7 SLAUSON DO, 1984, CELL IMMUNOL, V84, P240, DOI 10.1016/0008-8749(84)90096-0 SMITH KA, 1988, SCIENCE, V240, P1126 STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 WADDEN NPK, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P529, DOI 10.1007/BF02206875 WARREN RP, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P333, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00008 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF01531729 WRIGHT HH, 1990, ANN M AM ACAD CHILD ZIMMERMAN AW, 1993, INT PEDIATRICS, V8, P199 NR 15 TC 53 Z9 54 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1007/BF02276236 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TY568 UT WOS:A1996TY56800007 PM 8819772 ER PT J AU Hughes, C AF Hughes, C TI Brief report: Planning problems in autism at the level of motor control SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; IMITATION; MIND RP Hughes, C (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,DECRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bishop D. V. M, 1982, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BISHOP DVM, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00992.x DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 Elliot C., 1983, BRIT ABILITIES SCALE Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Jeannerod M., 1981, ATTENTION PERFORM, V9, P153 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 LASHLEY KS, 1951, CEREBRAL MECHANISMS MASTERTON BA, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P141, DOI 10.1007/BF01531815 MCMANUS IC, 1992, CORTEX, V28, P373 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERNER J, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES, pCH9 POULTON EC, 1957, PSYCHOL BULL, V54, P467, DOI 10.1037/h0045515 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 ROGERS SJ, 1994, UNPUB PRAXIS HIGH FU Rosenbaum D. A., 1990, ATTENTION PERFORM, P321 von Hofsten C., 1990, ATTENTION PERFORM, V13, P739 NR 20 TC 86 Z9 88 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1007/BF02276237 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TY568 UT WOS:A1996TY56800008 PM 8819773 ER PT J AU Schopler, E AF Schopler, E TI Are autism and Asperger syndrome (AS) different labels or different disabilities? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article RP Schopler, E (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. CR Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND NR 1 TC 33 Z9 33 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 109 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF02276238 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TY568 UT WOS:A1996TY56800009 PM 8819774 ER PT J AU Dissanayake, C Crossley, SA AF Dissanayake, C Crossley, SA TI Proximity and sociable behaviours in autism: Evidence for attachment SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; attachment; proximity behaviours; sociable behaviours ID JOINT ATTENTION; CHILDREN AB Sixteen autistic, 16 normal and 16 Down syndrome children (aged 3-6 years) were observed with their mother and a female stranger in a laboratory playroom. Proximity and sociable behaviours were recorded continuously during three observation sessions. The autistic children showed behaviours indicating that they were clearly attached to their mothers: like the normal and Down syndrome children, they showed all behaviours preferentially to the mother and directed proximity behaviours almost exclusively to her. These attachments were functionally similar to those of the comparison children. The deficits identified in the autistic group were restricted to a set of behaviours which have to do with social interaction such as Show, Give and Mutual Play. Descriptions of the aloof, unattached autistic child were not confirmed. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. MONASH UNIV,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. CR Ainsworth M. D. S., 1969, DETERMINANTS INFANT, VIV, P111 Ainsworth M. D. S., 1973, REV CHILD DEV RES, P1 Ainsworth M. S., 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Argyle Michael, 1976, GAZE AND MUTUAL GAZE BLURTON JNG, 1972, ETHOLOGICAL STUDIES, P217 BLURTON JNG, 1980, ETHOLOGY NONVERBAL C, P143 Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT DISSANAYAKE C, 1992, THESIS MONASH U DEP DISSANAYAKE C, 1989, CLIN ABNORMAL PSYCHO, V9, P221 Dunn LM, 1965, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Field T., 1982, EMOTION EARLY INTERA, P213 Games P. A., 1976, J EDUCATIONAL STATIS, V1, P113, DOI DOI 10.2307/1164979 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x ROBSON KS, 1967, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V8, P13, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1967.tb02176.x RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P162 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 Volkmar F., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P41 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 37 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01386.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA UD039 UT WOS:A1996UD03900004 PM 8682894 ER PT J AU Swettenham, J AF Swettenham, J TI Can children with autism be taught to understand false belief using computers? SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; theory of mind; teaching; computers ID CONCEPTUAL DEFICIT; MIND; PERFORMANCE AB A specially designed computer version of the Sally-Anne false belief task was used to teach understanding of false belief to three groups: children with autism, children with Down's Syndrome and young normal children. In an initial assessment children were selected for teaching only if they failed four false belief tasks: the dolls version of the Sally-Anne task (close transfer task) and three other false belief tasks involving different scenarios (distant transfer tasks). Following teaching, all three groups were able to pass the Sally-Anne task, but the children with autism alone were unable to pass the distant transfer tasks. The possibility that the children with autism had developed an alternative strategy in order to pass the instruction task is discussed. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP Swettenham, J (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPTL PSYCHOL,DOWNING ST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. CR ARTHUR G, 1952, LEITER INT PERFORMAN Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P207 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BEATTIE K, 1991, COGNITION, V38, P1 BOWLER DM, 1993, SRCD C NEW ORL BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x CHARMAN T, 1994, BIENN M ISSBD AMST COLBY KM, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P254, DOI 10.1007/BF01538283 Dennett D. C., 1978, BRAINSTORMS *DSMIIIR, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 FRITH U, IN PRESS SOCIAL DEV FROST R, 1981, P J HOPK 1 NAT SEARC GEOFFRION LD, 1981, J SPEC EDUC, V15, P325 HADWIN J, 1993, BRIT PSYCH SOC DEV S HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Harris P., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Heimann M., 1993, SCANDINAVIAN J LOGOP, V18, P3 JORDAN R, 1993, AUT INF TECHN PREP C LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LEWIS C, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1514, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02879.x LEWIS C, 1992, IN PRESS NARRATIVE A MITCHELL P, 1991, COGNITION, V39, P107, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90040-B Mundy P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER PANYAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P357 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1992, UNPUB THEORY MIND CO PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PLIENIS AJ, 1985, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V5, P345, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(85)90004-7 POWELL S, 1993, AUT INF TECHN PREP C REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C STARR E, 1993, BRIT PSYCH SOC DEV S SULLIVAN K, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P159 SWETTENHAM J, 1995, UNPUB WHATS SOMEONES SWETTENHAM JG, 1992, THESIS U YORK WEIR S, 1986, 15 DAI WHITEN A, 1993, BRIT PSYCH SOC DEV S NR 51 TC 86 Z9 90 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 37 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01387.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA UD039 UT WOS:A1996UD03900005 PM 8682895 ER PT J AU Hughes, C AF Hughes, C TI Control of action and thought: Normal development and dysfunction in autism: A research note SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; executive function; perceptual capture; strategic awareness ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FRONTAL-LOBE; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; COMMUNICATION AB Thirty-six children with autism, 24 children with learning difficulties (matched with the autistic group for sentence comprehension), and 41 normally-developing preschoolers were given two simple tasks: a hand-game requiring inhibitory control, and a delayed-reward situation tapping metacognitive awareness of strategies for coping with the delay period. For both clinical groups, performance on the two tasks was correlated, even when the effect of comprehension level was partialled out. However, no such correlation was observed for the preschoolers, once age was taken into account. The results are discussed in terms of potential links between executive-function and mental-state awareness. RP Hughes, C (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P29 Bishop D. V. M, 1982, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM Butterworth G, 1988, THOUGHT LANGUAGE, P5 CAPLAN R, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P582 CORKUM V, 1993, SOC RES CHILD DEV BI DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 DREWE E A, 1975, Cortex, V11, P8 Elliot C., 1983, BRIT ABILITIES SCALE HAY DF, 1991, CHILDRENS THEORIES OF MIND : MENTAL STATES AND SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING, P115 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 LURIA AR, 1964, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V2, P257, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(64)90034-X MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x MELTZOFF A, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P355 MISCHEL HN, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P603, DOI 10.2307/1130047 NORMAN DA, 1980, COGNITIVE SCI, V4, P1, DOI 10.1207/s15516709cog0401_1 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x PETRIDES M, 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V23, P601, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(85)90062-4 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 SHALLICE T, 1991, FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION, P125 SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 37 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01396.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA UD039 UT WOS:A1996UD03900014 PM 8682904 ER PT J AU Gillberg, IC Gillberg, C AF Gillberg, IC Gillberg, C TI Autism in immigrants: A population-based study from Swedish rural and urban areas SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autism; genes; immigrants; mental retardation; Sweden ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; PARENTS AB In a population study, 55 children aged 13 years and under were diagnosed as suffering from autistic disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria. Fifteen of these children (27%) were born to parents, at least one of whom had migrated to Sweden. These 15 cases were analysed in some detail with a view to finding possible back ground factors that could account for the relatively high prevalence of autism among some immigrant populations. In a few cases, autism or Asperger syndrome had been diagnosed in a native Swedish parent who went abroad in order to find a spouse. In several other cases, the child was the first child born in Sweden after the mother had moved there. The contribution of genetic and other prenatal factors to autism in immigrant populations is discussed. C1 UNIV GOTHENBURG,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-413 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR AKINSOLA HA, 1986, PSYCHOL MED, V16, P127 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSSON L, 1981, EARLY CHILDHOOD PSYC BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 GILLBERG C, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P258 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P856, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.6.856 GILLBERG C, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V39, P141 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531816 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LOTTER V, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P231, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00466.x RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 *SWED CENTR BUR ST, 1988, STAT YB TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 WING L, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P410, DOI 10.1192/bjp.137.5.410 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 40 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00599.x PN 1 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA TW822 UT WOS:A1996TW82200004 PM 8930054 ER PT J AU Gillberg, C Uvebrant, P Carlsson, G Hedstrom, A Silfvenius, H AF Gillberg, C Uvebrant, P Carlsson, G Hedstrom, A Silfvenius, H TI Autism and epilepsy (and tuberous sclerosis!) in two pre-adolescent boys: Neuropsychiatric aspects before and after epilepsy surgery SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; epilepsy; mental retardation; neuropsychiatry; pre-adolescent; tuberous sclerosis ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN AB We report on two pre-adolescent boys with a combination of severe seizure disorders and severe-moderate autism who underwent brain surgery for their epilepsy at the ages of 9 and 10 years, respectively. Both boys became seizure-free and initially improved dramatically with regard to autism symptoms. One of the boys continued to improve, but the other had a relapse to his pre-operative state in conjunction with his pubertal growth spurt. Several years after surgery, one of the boys remained much improved with respect to his autism. The other subject showed some improvement with respect to self-injury and aggression, and had slightly lower scores on screens for autism symptoms than in the year preceding epilepsy surgery. The histopathological examination of the brain tissue that was removed at surgery suggested a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis in both cases. C1 UNIV GOTHENBURG,BRACKE OSTERGARD,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UNIV GOTHENBURG,BRACKE OSTERGARD,DEPT CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UNIV GOTHENBURG,BRACKE OSTERGARD,DEPT PAEDIAT,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UNIV GOTHENBURG,BRACKE OSTERGARD,REG HABILITAT CTR,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UMEA UNIV,DEPT NEUROSURG,UMEA,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAUMAN M, 1993, 1993 SWED MRC AUT RE Critchley M, 1932, BRAIN, V55, P311, DOI 10.1093/brain/55.3.311 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1983, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V14, P206, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1059580 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206998 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GILLBERG IC, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P50 Gillberg IC, 1993, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V2, P50 Gomez MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GUALTIERI CT, 1991, POSTGRADUATE ADV AUT, P1 HUNT A, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P346 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kanner L. E. L., 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P55 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 OUNSTED M, 1987, CLIN DEV MED, V103 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 STEFFENBURG S, 1992, 6TH WHO INV CHILD AD Tanner JM, 1962, GROWTH ADOLESCENCE VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WADA J, 1960, J NEUROSURG, V17, P266, DOI 10.3171/jns.1960.17.2.0266 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 40 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00606.x PN 1 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA TW822 UT WOS:A1996TW82200011 PM 8930061 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DL Jacobson, JW Schwartz, AA Paglieri, RA AF Wheeler, DL Jacobson, JW Schwartz, AA Paglieri, RA TI Issues in facilitated communication: A response to Silliman (1995) SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID AUTISM C1 NEW YORK STATE OFF MENTAL RETARDAT & DEV DISABIL,PLANNING BUR,ALBANY,NY 12229. NEW YORK STATE OFF MENTAL RETARDAT & DEV DISABIL,SERV DESIGN BUR,ALBANY,NY 12229. RP Wheeler, DL (reprint author), OD HECK DEV CTR,NEW YORK STATE AUTISM PROGRAM,BALLTOWN & CONSAUL RD,SCHENECTADY,NY 12304, USA. 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C., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P48 SILLIMAN ER, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P204 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 YODER PJ, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P202 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER SPEECH-LANG-HEARING ASSN PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE RD, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 SN 0022-4685 J9 J SPEECH HEAR RES JI J. Speech Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 217 EP 219 PG 3 WC Language & Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA TV629 UT WOS:A1996TV62900019 PM 8820713 ER PT J AU Campbell, M Schopler, E Cueva, JE Hallin, A AF Campbell, M Schopler, E Cueva, JE Hallin, A TI Treatment of autistic disorder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autistic disorder; treatment modalities ID MANAGEMENT TREATMENT PACKAGE; DOUBLE-BLIND; FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CLONIDINE TREATMENT; TIME-DELAY; CHILDREN; HALOPERIDOL AB Objective: To present an overview of a variety of treatment approaches in individuals with autistic disorder. Method: Selected studies and articles are reviewed. Results: in the past three decades, great progress has been made in the treatment of autistic disorder, particularly in the area of education and parental involvement, with the objective to transfer to home and in other situations learning acquired in school. A role for psychoactive agents, when combined with psychosocial treatments, has been identified. Conclusions: Although considerable advances have been made in a variety of interventions-educational, psychosocial, and biological-knowledge about the comparative and combined efficacy of the various treatment modalities is lacking. From the parents' perspective, particularly, support and continuity of services require improvement. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC. NYU,COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY 10012. RP Campbell, M (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. 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During clinical evaluation, the patient repeatedly scraped the affected area with his fingernail. The lesion's clinical features were consistent with focal inflammatory hyperplasia, periodontal disease and factitious stomatitis. This article describes the case and discusses diagnostic and behavioral issues important in treating any patient whose mental age is impaired. RP Johnson, CD (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DENT BRANCH,DEPT PERIODONT,POB 20068,HOUSTON,TX 77225, USA. 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PD FEB PY 1996 VL 127 IS 2 BP 244 EP 247 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TU522 UT WOS:A1996TU52200015 PM 8682994 ER PT J AU Leary, MR Hill, DA AF Leary, MR Hill, DA TI Moving on: Autism and movement disturbance SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; SEVERE PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS; FRONTAL-LOBE SEIZURES; BRAIN-SCAN FINDINGS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; IDIOT-SAVANT; SELF-INJURY; BEHAVIORAL-DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; TOURETTE SYNDROME AB Many authors have reported on the presence of movement disturbance symptoms in some individuals with autism. Typically, these symptoms have been seen as peripheral to autism or as belonging to a co-occurring syndrome. Some have dismissed these symptoms as having no apparent impact on the presence of behaviors defined as the core characteristics of autism. 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PD FEB PY 1996 VL 34 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA TU792 UT WOS:A1996TU79200004 PM 8822025 ER PT J AU Chez, MG AF Chez, MG TI Clinical spectrum of patients referred for Landau-Kleffner syndrome previously diagnosed with pervasive developmental delay or autism: EEG, HMPAO SPECT, and steroid response data SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB PY 1996 VL 46 IS 2 SU S BP V2004 EP V2004 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UA476 UT WOS:A1996UA47600009 ER PT J AU Steffenburg, S Gillberg, CL Steffenburg, U Kyllerman, M AF Steffenburg, S Gillberg, CL Steffenburg, U Kyllerman, M TI Autism in Angelman syndrome: A population-based study SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISORDERS; COUNTY AB The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of Angelman syndrome in prepubertal school-aged children and analyze its comorbidity with autistic disorder. A clinical/psychiatric evaluation of a population-based sample of 6- to 13-year-old mentally retarded children with active epilepsy was performed, Four individuals in a total population of almost 49,000 children conformed to the clinical diagnosis of Angelman syndrome, Two of these had a typical microdeletion at chromosome 15q11-13. The minimum prevalence of Angelman syndrome was estimated at 0.008% (1: 12,000) in the examined age group. All 4 children with Angelman syndrome met full behavioral criteria for the diagnosis of autistic disorder/childhood autism, It is concluded that Angelman syndrome is uncommon, but more frequent than previously estimated, The diagnosis should be considered in all patients with combined autistic disorder, severe mental retardation, and epilepsy, The implications of the possible association of Angelman syndrome and autism are discussed. RP Steffenburg, S (reprint author), ANNEDALS CLIN,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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The current social hierarchy of a strongly controlled society rejects diversity of humanity and often triggers personality disorders. This article reviews obsession and a myth as primitive mentality, normal and abnormal obsession, obsession vs possession, society and obsession/impulsion/degeneration, obsession and slowness/autism, a recent biological approach to obsession and a spectrum for obsession. C1 HASEGAWA HOSP,MITAKA,TOKYO,JAPAN. CR ASHBERG M, 1976, SCIENCE, V191, P478 Beard George Miller, 1869, BOSTON MED SURG J, V80, P217 Bellah R. N., 1985, HABITS HEART Blumer D., 1975, PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS, V1, P151 COHEN BJ, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P493, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.4.493 Cools A. R., 1985, PERSPECTIVES ETHOLOG, V6, P109 DAVID AS, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P244, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.2.244 DEVENPORT LD, 1988, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V102, P489 Douglas R. 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Neurosci. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 50 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01657.x PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA VH161 UT WOS:A1996VH16100002 PM 9201766 ER PT J AU Weisberg, P Thiesfeldt, RM AF Weisberg, P Thiesfeldt, RM TI Teaching conceptual knowledge with multiple-related exemplars: Enhancement of concept formation, transfer, and absence of stimulus overselection SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID OVER-SELECTIVITY; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB In Exp. I (N=32), 4 1/2-yr.-old children discriminated between two stimulus compounds, multiple and related stimulus components displayed together (3 pairs of parallel lines vs 3 pairs of nonparallel lines) or multiple but unrelated displayed components (3 unrelated objects vs 3 other unrelated objects). 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PD FEB PY 1996 VL 78 IS 1 BP 235 EP 241 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TY818 UT WOS:A1996TY81800043 ER PT J AU Raymond, GV Bauman, ML Kemper, TL AF Raymond, GV Bauman, ML Kemper, TL TI Hippocampus in autism: A Golgi analysis SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA LA English DT Note DE autism; hippocampus ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; HYPOPLASIA; BRAIN AB Autism is a behaviorally defined syndrome in which neuropathological abnormalities have been identified in the limbic system and cerebellum. The morphology of hippocampal neurons in two cases of infantile autism was studied and compared to age-matched controls. CA4 neurons in autistic children were smaller in perikaryon area and dendritic branching of both CA4 and CAI neurons was less than in controls. These findings are consistent with previous studies and suggest a curtailment in maturation in the pathogenesis of autism. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,CHILDRENS NEUROL SERV,BOSTON,MA 02114. 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PD JAN PY 1996 VL 91 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA TL369 UT WOS:A1996TL36900018 PM 8773156 ER PT J AU Stefano, GB Scharrer, B Bilfinger, TV Salzet, M Fricchione, GL AF Stefano, GB Scharrer, B Bilfinger, TV Salzet, M Fricchione, GL TI A novel view of opiate tolerance SO ADVANCES IN NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE morphine; dopamine; tolerance; mu(3) opiate receptor; psychiatry; depression; schizophrenia ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE 24.11; ENDOGENOUS MORPHINE; OPIOID-PEPTIDES; MU(3) RECEPTOR; CODEINE; CELLS; AUTOIMMUNOREGULATION; INVERTEBRATE; IMMUNOCYTES AB Opiate substances occur as natural compounds in various invertebrate and vertebrate neural tissues. Recently we have discovered a novel opiate alkaloid-selective and opioid peptide-insensitive receptor, designated mu 3, that provides further evidence of the existence of separate morphine processes. Interestingly morphine biosynthesis appears to be linked to the dopamine pathway. Based on studies documenting the presence of morphine after stress, e.g., trauma, it is noted that this signal substance emerges after a timely delay. From this we speculate that this molecule can serve a specific effect to downregulate physiological processes after stress. We conclude that tolerance represents a natural process that terminates its action. In this regard a morphine hypothesis may be essential to a complete picture of motive circuitry. A speculative view of the psychiatric implications in schizophrenia, depression, and autism are presented with this in mind. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DIV PSYCHIAT,PSYCHIAT CONSULTAT SERV,BOSTON,MA 02115. SUNY STONY BROOK,MED CTR,CARDIAC RES PROGRAM,CTR CARDIOVASC,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT ANAT & STRUCT BIOL,BRONX,NY 10461. UNIV SCI & TECH LILLE FLANDRES ARTOIS,EA DRED 1027,LAB PHYLOGENIE MOL ANNELIDES,F-59655 VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. RP Stefano, GB (reprint author), SUNY COLL OLD WESTBURY,MULTIDISCIPLINARY CTR STUDY AGING,OLD WESTBURY NEUROSCI RES INST,OLD WESTBURY,NY 11568, USA. 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Neuroimmunol. PY 1996 VL 6 IS 3 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0960-5428(96)00022-8 PG 13 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WH155 UT WOS:A1996WH15500006 PM 8968426 ER PT J AU deBraekeleer, M Tremblay, M Thivierge, J AF deBraekeleer, M Tremblay, M Thivierge, J TI Genetic analysis of genealogies in mentally retarded autistic probands from Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean (Quebec, Canada). SO ANNALES DE GENETIQUE LA English DT Article DE inbreeding; kinship; genealogies; autism; genetic epidemiology ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; FRAGILE-X; FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; DISORDERS; SIBLINGS; CHILDREN; TWIN AB Autism is a heterogeneous disorder for which we have evidence of both genetic and environmental determination. The genealogies of 16 autistic probands born in Saguenay Lac-Saint Jean were reconstructed and compared to those of 48 matched control individuals distributed in three different groups. The mean inbreeding and kinship coefficients were calculated. Both coefficients were not found to be increased in the autistic group compared to the control groups. These findings support the conclusions reached by Jorde et al. (1990) which indicated that a single gene was unlikely to account for most cases of autism. C1 UNIV LAVAL,ST FOY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. HOP HOTEL DIEU,QUEBEC CITY,PQ,CANADA. UNIV LAVAL,CTR RECH ROBERT GIFFARD,QUEBEC CITY,PQ,CANADA. RP deBraekeleer, M (reprint author), UNIV QUEBEC,DEPT SCI HUMAINES,555 BLVD UNIV,CHICOUTIMI,PQ,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DSM 3 R DIAGN STAT M, V3rd AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 CHESS S, 1978, J PEDIATR-US, V93, P699, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80921-4 COLEMAN M, 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROMES, P175 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO DEBRAEKELEER M, 1991, HUM HERED, V41, P141, DOI 10.1159/000153992 DEBRAEKELEER M, 1994, ANN GENET-PARIS, V37, P86 DEBRAEKELEER M, 1995, IN PRESS ANN HUM GEN DEBRAEKELEER M, 1995, THESIS U BORDEAUX 2 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILLBERG C, 1984, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V15, P147, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1052359 GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 JORDE LB, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360116 ORNITZ EM, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P243 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P187 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x TAOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155 WAHLSTROM J, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V32, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320320105 Zahner G., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P199 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 PU EXPANSION SCI FRANCAISE PI PARIS PA 31 BLVD LATOUR MAUBOURG, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0003-3995 J9 ANN GENET-PARIS JI Ann. Genet. PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UJ536 UT WOS:A1996UJ53600008 PM 9297444 ER PT J AU Arrieta, I Nunez, T Gil, A Flores, P Usobiaga, E Martinez, B AF Arrieta, I Nunez, T Gil, A Flores, P Usobiaga, E Martinez, B TI Autosomal folate sensitive fragile sites in an autistic Basque sample SO ANNALES DE GENETIQUE LA English DT Article DE autism; fragile sites ID POPULATION CYTOGENETICS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; X-SYNDROME; HUMAN-CHROMOSOMES; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; INDIVIDUALS AB The autosomal folate-sensitive fragile sites (FS) expression has been analyzed in an autistic children sample and in a control sample. The results obtained have proved that there is a higher frequency of expression of fragile sites in autistic children than in the control sample. The differences are statistically significant. The sex differences level is similar in both groups in relation to fragile sites expression. Three rare fragile sites, 2q13, 6p23, 12q13, are only expressed in autistic individuals. The meaning of these results have been discussed. C1 APNABI,BILBAO,SPAIN. RP Arrieta, I (reprint author), UPV,EHU,DEPT BIOL ANIM GENET,GENET LAB,FAC CIENCIAS,APDO 644,BILBAO 48080,SPAIN. 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P., 1985, INT SYST HUM CYT NOM KUDAMA T, 1990, HIROSHIMA J MED SCI, V39, P19 LECOUTEUR A, 1990, BRIT J HOSP MED, V43, P448 LI SY, 1993, HUM GENET, V92, P441, DOI 10.1007/BF00216447 LORD C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01538320 LOTSPEICH LJ, 1993, INT REV NEUROBIOL, V35, P87 MARIANI T, 1989, HUM GENET, V81, P319, DOI 10.1007/BF00283683 MAVROU A, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P437, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380259 MCLENNAN JD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, P217 Murthy D S, 1990, Indian J Pediatr, V57, P257 PETIT P, 1986, CLIN GENET, V29, P96 QUACK B, 1978, J GENET HUM, V26, P55 REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 REYNOLDS EH, 1971, NEUROLOGY, V21, P394 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SALIBA JR, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF02216061 SAMADDER P, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P165, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460213 SIVASANKAR DV, 1970, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V12, P572 Sokal R.R., 1979, BIOMETRIA SUTHERLAND GR, 1985, ANN HUM GENET, V49, P153, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1985.tb01687.x SUTHERLAND GR, 1982, AM J HUM GENET, V34, P452 TAKAHASHI E, 1988, HUM GENET, V78, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF00278179 TARLETON JC, 1993, J PEDIATR-US, V122, P169, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(06)80110-1 TELVI L, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P602, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510461 TRANEBJAERG L, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P212, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380208 VOLKMAR F, 1991, C AM AC CHILD PSYCH WEBB TP, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P61 WILLIAMS AJ, 1976, J MENT DEFIC RES, V21, P227 ZHOU XT, 1984, HUM GENET, V67, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF00291350 1990, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V55, P14 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 PU EXPANSION SCI FRANCAISE PI PARIS PA 31 BLVD LATOUR MAUBOURG, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0003-3995 J9 ANN GENET-PARIS JI Ann. Genet. PY 1996 VL 39 IS 2 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UX724 UT WOS:A1996UX72400003 PM 8766136 ER PT J AU Jabourian, AP Benhamou, PA Bitton, R AF Jabourian, AP Benhamou, PA Bitton, R TI Medical imaging in psychiatry SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES LA French DT Article DE neurosurgery; psychiatry; autism; septum lucidum agenesis; temporal cyst ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ABNORMALITIES; CORTEX AB Brain imaging has made surprisingly remarkable progress since the early, and now historic days, of invasive radiology, which has now been replaced with a number of spectaculary precise techniques : structural (CT Scan, MRI) and functional (PET SPECT) imaging, direct imaging during neurosurgery EEG and its computer-assisted derivatives, and transcerebral ultrasonography. We present five cases with two alleged autisms, a cerebral malaria, a panic disorder and a Parkinson disease with a depressive component. Using modem imaging methods the following respective diagnoses were arrived at : a left temporal cyst, a Snanfilippo mucopolysaccharidosis, a septum lucidum agenesis, a right temporal cyst, and a pituitary adenoma. These cases illustrate the scientific, emotional and philosophical impact on physicians, and patients alike, of modern imaging technology. Neuroradiology: biochemistry and surgical imaging require a multi disciplinary approach and a perfect knowledge of psychiatric semeiology, In addition, they stimulate us to carefully reassess our sociocultural understanding to mental illness. C1 HOP PRIVE NORD PARISIEN,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,F-95200 SARCELLES,FRANCE. HOP PRIVE NORD PARISIEN,DEPT NEUROPSYCHOL,F-95200 SARCELLES,FRANCE. RP Jabourian, AP (reprint author), CTR NEUROPSYCHOL,23 BLVD BEAUSEJOUR,F-75016 PARIS,FRANCE. 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PD JAN PY 1996 VL 154 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology GA UB533 UT WOS:A1996UB53300010 PM 8638890 ER PT J AU Soper, HV AF Soper, HV TI Minor physical anomalies and mental retardation with and without autism. SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 452 EP 452 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA UZ108 UT WOS:A1996UZ10800195 ER PT J AU Sigafoos, J Meikle, B AF Sigafoos, J Meikle, B TI Functional communication training for the treatment of multiply determined challenging behavior in two boys with autism SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MAINTENANCE AB Functional communication training was used to replace multiply determined problem behavior in two boys with autism. Experiment 1 involved a functional analysis of several topographies of problem behavior using a variation of the procedures described by Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman. Results suggested that aggression, self-injury, and disruption were multiply determined (i.e., maintained by both attention and access to preferred objects). Experiment 2 involved a multiple-baseline design across subjects. The focus of intervention was to replace aggression, self-injury, and disruption with functionally equivalent communicative alternatives. Both boys were taught alternative ''mands'' to recruit attention and request preferred objects. Acquisition of these alternative communication skills was associated with concurrent decreases in aggression, self-injury, and disruption. Results suggest that multiply determined challenging behavior can be decreased by teaching an alternative communication skill to replace each assessed function of the problem behavior. C1 QUEENSLAND THERAPY CTR,AUTIST CHILDRENS ASSOC,SUNNYBANK HILLS,QLD,AUSTRALIA. RP Sigafoos, J (reprint author), UNIV QUEENSLAND,SCHONELL SPECIAL EDUC RES CTR,ST LUCIA,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES BIRD F, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P37 Campbell R. V., 2005, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V5, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF01047064 Carr E. 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F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAVIOR SKINNER BF, 1953, SCI HUMAN BEHAVIOR SUNDBERG ML, 1980, THESIS W MICHIGAN U TAYLOR JC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF02172231 TERRACE HS, 1963, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V6, P1, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-1 VOLLMER TR, 1994, RES DEV DISABIL, V15, P187, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(94)90011-6 WACKER DP, 1993, COMMUNICATIVE ALTERN, P1 WACKER DP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417 WIESELER NA, 1985, MENT RETARD, V23, P230 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1 BP 60 EP 84 DI 10.1177/01454455960201003 PG 25 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA TN869 UT WOS:A1996TN86900003 PM 8561770 ER PT J AU Fudenberg, HH AF Fudenberg, HH TI Dialysable lymphocyte extract (DLyE) in infantile onset autism: A pilot study. SO BIOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Xth International Symposium on Transfer Factor - Transfer Factor in the Era of AIDS CY JUN 22-24, 1995 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY DE autism; dialysable lymphocyte extract; transfer factor ID ANTIBODIES; INCREASE; PROTEIN AB 40 infantile autistic patients were studied. They ranged from 6 years to 15 years of age at entry. 22 were cases of classical infantile autism; whereas 18 lacked one or more clinical defects associated with infantile autism (''pseudo-autism''). Of the 22 with classic autism, 21 responded to transfer factor (TF) treatment by gaining at least 2 points in symptoms severity score average (SSSA); and 10 became normal in that they were main-streamed in school and clinical characteristics were fully normalized. Of the 18 remaining, 4 responded to TF, some to other therapies. After cessation of TF therapy, 5 in the autistic group and 3 of the pseudo-autistic group regressed, but they did not drop as low as baseline levels. RP Fudenberg, HH (reprint author), NEUROIMMUNOTHERAPEUT RES FDN,1092 BOILING SPRINGS,SPARTANBURG,SC, USA. CR FUDENBERG HH, 1980, BASIC CLIN IMMUNOL, P722 FUDENBERG HH, 1992, CLIN SCI BASIS MYALG, P641 Fudenberg H H, 1994, Prog Drug Res, V42, P309 FUDENBERG HH, 1983, MED HYPOTHESES, V12, P85, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(83)90037-3 FUDENBERG HH, 1988, PROG DRUG RES, V32, P21 Fudenberg HH, 1984, BASIC IMMUNOGENETICS FUDENBERG HH, 1992, 9 INT S TF BEIJ, P149 GALBRAITH GMP, 1986, J CLIN INVEST, V78, P865, DOI 10.1172/JCI112672 MOSIER DR, 1995, ANN NEUROL, V37, P102, DOI 10.1002/ana.410370119 PANDEY JP, 1979, LANCET, V1, P190 PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V19, P12 SINGH V, COMMUNICATION SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 Singh V K, 1988, Ann N Y Acad Sci, V540, P602, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27186.x SINGH VK, 1989, AUTOIMMUNITY, V3, P95, DOI 10.3109/08916938909019958 STITES DP, 1980, BASIC CLIN IMMUNOLOG STRAUSON DO, 1984, CELL IMMUNOL, V84, P240 WARREN RP, 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 1994, MOL NEUROBIOL, V9, P55 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-299X J9 BIOTHERAPY JI Biotherapy PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1-3 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1007/BF02628672 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA WB046 UT WOS:A1996WB04600025 PM 8993773 ER PT J AU WillemsenSwinkels, SHN Buitelaar, JK Weijnen, FG Thijssen, JHH VanEngeland, H AF WillemsenSwinkels, SHN Buitelaar, JK Weijnen, FG Thijssen, JHH VanEngeland, H TI Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations in people with learning disability and self-injurious and/or autistic behaviour SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; PEPTIDES AB Background. It has been suggested that the key variable in reduced plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin concentrations in autistic subjects may be concomitant self-injurious behaviour. Method. We studied morning levels of plasma beta-endorphin in 33 learning disabled people with self-injurious and/or autistic behaviour. Results. The beta-endorphin level of the subjects with severe self-injurious behaviour proved to be significantly lower than that of autistic subjects without severe self-injurious behaviour (3.6 (1.4) pmol/l v. 5.8 (4.3) pmol/l; t-test: P=0.045. Replication: 3.7 (1.1) pmol/l v. 5.7 (3.8) pmol/l; t-test: P=0.043). Individuals with mild and occasional self-injurious behaviour were found to have beta-endorphin levels comparable to those without self-injurious behaviour. Further, subjects being treated with neuroleptics had lower beta-endorphin levels than untreated subjects. Conclusions. These results stress that in any study of opioid systems of learning disabled people, it is very important to differentiate between people with and without severe self-injurious behaviour. The results support the idea that severe self-injurious behaviour may be related to functional disturbances in the endogenous opioid system. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT HOSP,DEPT ENDOCRINOL,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. 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J. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1996 VL 168 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1192/bjp.168.1.105 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA TQ079 UT WOS:A1996TQ07900020 PM 8770438 ER PT J AU Gillberg, IC Gillberg, C Rastam, M Johansson, M AF Gillberg, IC Gillberg, C Rastam, M Johansson, M TI The cognitive profile of anorexia nervosa: A comparative study including a community-based sample SO COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; EATING DISORDERS; ADOLESCENTS; ALEXITHYMIA; PSYCHOSIS; WOMEN AB A community-based sample of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa (AN) cases (n = 51) was contrasted with an age-, sex-, and school-matched comparison group [comp] (n = 51) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) at a mean age of 21 years. There were no study dropouts. Fewer than 10% of AN cases were underweight at the time of testing. Overall, there were few differences across the two groups, even though the COMP group performed significantly better on the object assembly subtest. A small subgroup of AN cases showed autism-spectrum disorders. This subgroup tended toward test profiles similar to those observed in autism and Asperger syndrome. These findings are discussed in relation to the clinical need for subgrouping of AN cases with a view to improving treatment programs/interviews. Copyright (C) 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company RP Gillberg, IC (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CLIN NEUROSCI,ANNEDALS CLIN,SECT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TN643 UT WOS:A1996TN64300036 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI 4th Consensus Conference on biological basis and clinical perspectives in autism - Troina, Italy, October 5-6, 1995 - Abstracts SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 32 EP 46 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA UK712 UT WOS:A1996UK71200005 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, FH TI Nonright-handedness, central nervous system and related pathology, and its lateralization: A reformulation and synthesis SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; OLIGOANTIGENIC DIET TREATMENT; LEFT-HEMISPHERE DYSFUNCTION; MINOR PHYSICAL ANOMALIES; AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; LOCUS COERULEUS SYSTEM; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; EPILEPSY-PRONE RATS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME AB A theoretical analysis of the associations between nonright-handedness (NRH) and various neurodevelopmental disorders, psychopathology, and related medical conditions is presented. Fourteen disorders and conditions are reviewed in which elevated NRH has been alleged. Impaired noradrenergic activity and, to a lesser extent, serotonergic dysfunction are common to most of these disorders but are not always associated with elevated NRH. In contrast, dysfunction of the labyrinth, its neural projection areas, or both, apparently exists in all cases involving a proven elevation in NRH, but not in other disorders associated with neurochemical imbalances but normal percentages of right-handedness. It is theorized that inputs from the vestibular system to the locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus, and other brainstem structures are critical to the development of motoric dominance and the lateralization of monoaminergic activity in the central nervous system, whereas the contribution of vestibular dysfunction to overall central nervous system neurochemical imbalances is considerably less significant. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB, CFTF, CREW TECHNOL DIV, 2504 GILLINGHAM DR, SUITE 1, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. 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Neuropsychol. PY 1996 VL 12 IS 4 BP 443 EP 515 PG 73 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA VV649 UT WOS:A1996VV64900004 ER PT J AU Yirmiya, N SolomonicaLevi, D Shulman, C AF Yirmiya, N SolomonicaLevi, D Shulman, C TI The ability to manipulate behavior and to understand manipulation of beliefs: A comparison of individuals with autism, mental retardation, and normal development SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDS THEORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FALSE BELIEF; DECEPTION; MIND; DEFICIT; HYPERACTIVITY; DIFFICULTY; DISORDER; MARKER AB This study investigated the ability to deceive in participants with autism, mental retardation(MR), and normal development. The authors used S. Hala, M. Chandler, and A. S. Fritz's (1991) procedures, in which children deceive by creating false trails or by erasing all trails and lying about the true location of a hidden object. Participants with autism and those with MR did not differ in their ability to use a deceptive method to manipulate the behavior of another person. Participants with autism were significantly less able than participants with MR to understand that they manipulated the beliefs of another person by predicting the outcome of their deceptive act. The normal group outperformed the group with autism but not the group with MR on both parts of the task. Different possible interpretations of the results are discussed, including a deficit in theory of mind and a deficit in executive control functions. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH EDUC,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT PSYCHOL,MT SCOPUS,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PY 1996 VL 5 SU 1 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA VX189 UT WOS:A1996VX18900012 PM 9010665 ER PT J AU Bowler, DM AF Bowler, DM TI Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review RP Bowler, DM (reprint author), CITY UNIV LONDON,LONDON EC1V 0HB,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BATES E, 1993, ANN C DEV SECT BRIT Bates E., 1988, 1 WORDS GRAMMAR BOWLE D, 1995, 7 EUR C DEV PSYCH KR FODOR JA, 1993, MODULARITY MIND Heider F, 1944, AM J PSYCHOL, V57, P243, DOI 10.2307/1416950 Leslie A. 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The three groups of children were matched for language age (including mean length of utterance (MLU), receptive vocabulary, and syntax). Correct and erroneous use of pronominal, demonstrative, and comparative cohesive ties of reference were examined by use of Halliday and Hasan's (1976) method of discourse cohension analysis. The study found that autistic children were able to use all of the above cohesive ties of reference, but their use was less successful than that of the other two groups of children. The autistic children also differed qualitatively in the types of errors that they made. Findings were discussed in relation to various developmental, linguistic, and social factors that may underlie the successful usage of different cohesive ties and subtypes of ties. RP Baltaxe, CAM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BIOBEHAV SCI,760 WESTWOOD PLAZA,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. 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M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA GRIFFITH PL, 1986, J PSYCHOLINGUIST RES, V15, P539, DOI 10.1007/BF01067635 Halliday Michael, 1976, COHESION ENGLISH HENDLER M, 1987, CHILD FAMILY BEHAV T, V9, P13 JORDAN R, 1989, BRIT J DISORDERS COM, V24, P109 KANNER L, 1946, AM J PSYCHIAT, V13, P242 LANDRY SH, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02211847 LANDRY SH, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01884.x LANGDELL T, 1981, P 1981 C AUT WASH NA LEONARD LB, 1988, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V9, P39, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400000448 LILES BZ, 1985, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V28, P123 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 Miller J.F., 1981, ASSESSING LANGUAGE P OSHIMATAKANE Y, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P73, DOI 10.1007/BF02212719 PETERSON C, 1991, J CHILD LANG, V18, P397 REES N, 1984, LANGUAGE COGNITION Rommetveit R., 1974, MESSAGE STRUCTURE Terman L. M., 1972, STANFORD BINET INTEL WALES R, 1986, LANG ACQUIS, P401 WALES R, 1984, DISCOURSE DEV, P147 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 PU WHURR PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA 19B COMPTON TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 2UN SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 245 EP 258 PG 14 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA VL087 UT WOS:A1996VL08700003 PM 8944847 ER PT J AU Gordon, N AF Gordon, N TI Speech, language, and the cerebellum SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; dysarthria; mutism; role in cognition and language ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; BRAIN; DYSARTHRIA; COGNITION; MUTISM; AUTISM AB The cerebellum can affect speech and language in a number of ways. The most obvious is dysarthria when motor movements are deprived of the regulatory control, which is one of the main functions of the cerebellum. Less well-known is cerebellar mutism, which most often occurs after the removal of a cerebellar tumour. It is unlikely that this is simply the result of dysarthria. The most controversial aspect of cerebellar function, and the main stress of this paper, ir the contribution it may make to language production. A number of studies have suggested that the cerebellum can, indeed, be involved in both cognition and language. A number of these are reviewed, in particular, the results of diffuse and focal lesions of the cerebellum, and how these can affect the function of the cerebrum; and conversely how cerebral lesions can cause changes in the cerebellum. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been essential in the assessment of these patients. During human evolution parts of the cerebellum and their connections have enlarged enormously, and it would be surprising if these parts of the brain had not taken on new roles. To regard the cerebellum as only serving motor function is too narrow a concept. RP Gordon, N (reprint author), HUNTLYWOOD,3 STYAL RD,WILMSLOW SK9 4AE,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. CR ACKERMANN H, 1995, FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC, V63, P30, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-996600 AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V30, P315, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(92)90105-U AMARENCO P, 1990, BRAIN, V113, P139, DOI 10.1093/brain/113.1.139 ANDERSON NE, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P533, DOI 10.1002/ana.410230602 ASAMOTO M, 1994, CHILD NERV SYST, V10, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF00301168 COLE M, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2001 COURCHESNE E, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P339 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 Cratty BJ, 1994, CLUMSY CHILD SYNDROM DARLEY FL, 1969, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V12, P246 DAUM I, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V67, P201, DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(94)00144-5 DAVIES E, 1986, NEUROLOGICALLY HANDI, P204 DECETY J, 1990, ACTA PSYCHOL, V73, P13, DOI 10.1016/0001-6918(90)90056-L DESPOSITO M, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P38 DINSDALE HB, 1964, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V10, P98 FIEZ JA, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P155, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.1.155 FRAIOLI B, 1975, APPL NEUROPHYSIOL, V38, P81 GRAFMAN J, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P1493 JENKINS IH, 1993, REV NEUROL, V149, P647 KENT RD, 1979, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V22, P627 KUSHNER M, 1984, ANN NEUROL, V15, P425, DOI 10.1002/ana.410150505 LEBLANC R, 1992, NEUROSURGERY, V31, P369 LEINER HC, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P444, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-T LEINER HC, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P453, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90076-X PANTANO P, 1986, BRAIN, V109, P677, DOI 10.1093/brain/109.4.677 PIVEN J, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P398 PTERSEN SE, 1989, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V1, P153 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 SIDER RS, 1967, PROGR BRAIN RES, V25 SILVERI MC, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2047 VANDONGEN HR, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2040 VANMOURIC M, 1994, BRIT PAED NEU ASS 21, P66 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 4 BP 359 EP 367 PG 9 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA WC232 UT WOS:A1996WC23200002 PM 9059570 ER PT J AU Ramberg, C Ehlers, S Nyden, A Johansson, M Gillberg, C AF Ramberg, C Ehlers, S Nyden, A Johansson, M Gillberg, C TI Language and pragmatic functions in school-age children on the autism spectrum SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE ADHD; Asperger syndrome; autism; pragmatics; speech and language disorder ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; ATTENTIONAL DEFICITS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; DISORDER; MOTOR; COMMUNICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMPAIRMENTS; POPULATION AB This study examined group differences in language and pragmatic functions across sex-, age- and IQ-matched samples of Asperger syndrome (N=22), high-functioning autism (N=11) deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) (N=11), and speech and language disorder (SLD) (N=11) groups. The purpose was to explore possible differentiating features in the fields of vocabulary, comprehension and pragmatics and in addition, to determine whether Asperger syndrome could be reliably separated from high-functioning autism on these variables. The findings suggest that Asperger syndrome may be associated with higher full-scale and verbal IQ than high-functioning autism; Asperger syndrome may not be associated with better pragmatic skills (as defined in this context) than high-functioning autism; language comprehension may not clearly separate Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism once the effects of very low le are partialled out; both DAMP and SLD can be distinctly separated from Asperger syndrome and autism. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,INST CLIN NEUROSCI,ANNEDALS CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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J. Disord. Commun. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 4 BP 387 EP 413 PG 27 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA WC232 UT WOS:A1996WC23200004 PM 9059572 ER PT J AU Franke, P Barbe, B Leboyer, M Maier, W AF Franke, P Barbe, B Leboyer, M Maier, W TI Fragile X syndrome .2. Cognitive and behavioral correlates of mutations of the FMR-1 gene SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME; OBLIGATE FEMALE CARRIERS; FRA(X) SYNDROME; TRANSMITTING MALES; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; RETARDED MEN; LARGE FAMILY; AUTISM; ADULT RP Franke, P (reprint author), UNIV BONN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SIGMUND FREUD STR 25,D-53105 BONN,GERMANY. 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Psychiat. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1016/0924-9338(96)82329-7 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VM475 UT WOS:A1996VM47500003 PM 19698458 ER PT J AU Hafner, H AF Hafner, H TI Psychiatric rehabilitation: General issues SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE psychiatric rehabilitation; needs for rehabilitation; training of impaired skills; compensation of deficits; rehabilitation techniques; socially disabled; social skills training; individualised rehabilitation; rehabilitation in schizophrenia ID EXPRESSED EMOTION; FAMILY PSYCHOEDUCATION; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; RELAPSE; PREVENTION; AFTERCARE; RATIONALE; DEFICITS AB Rehabilitation aims at avoiding unfavourable consequences of a disorder and its care and at training and improving impaired and compensatory skills. The needs of the main diagnostic groups with resulting cognitive or social impairments, namely mental retardation, infantile autism, chronic depression, severe psychoneurosis, substance abuse, schizophrenia, and dementia in old age, have specific aspects. An increased need for rehabilitation was prompted by the worldwide movement of deinstitutionalisation, which hit above all the socially most vulnerable schizophrenics. The instruments and methods of rehabilitation for the socially disabled mentally ill go far beyond the sphere of psychiatry. Individualised rehabilitation must be in mutual interaction with the social and occupational environment. The socially disabled individual is, for example, dependent upon awareness and acceptance in the community, upon financial and social support or upon the availability of a job. In the case of persisting deficits, supportive measures at different levels are needed to compensate or to minimize severe consequences of impairments. Their approach is by the social environment with the objective to grant the optimum quality of life combined with a minimum loss of independence. The great variety of measures often required at the same time must be based on a network of services and their purposeful coordination. Psychiatric rehabilitation requires a functioning social system and, in times of scarce resources, political priorities. RP Hafner, H (reprint author), CENT INST MENTAL HLTH,POB 122120,D-68072 MANNHEIM,GERMANY. 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Psychiat. PY 1996 VL 11 SU 2 BP S39 EP S50 DI 10.1016/0924-9338(96)84742-0 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA UG743 UT WOS:A1996UG74300001 ER PT J AU Pollak, L Klein, C Rabey, JM Schiffer, J AF Pollak, L Klein, C Rabey, JM Schiffer, J TI Posterior fossa lesions associated with neuropsychiatric symptomatology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE posterior fossa; neuropsychiatry ID CEREBELLAR DEGENERATION; PATHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; MONKEYS; DEFICIT; ATROPHY; MEMORY; AUTISM; DAMAGE; BRAIN AB We reviewed 7 cases with posterior fossa structural abnormalities (3 tumors, 2 megacisterna magna and 2 Dandy-Walker syndrome) presenting with neuropsychiatric symptomatology. Derangement in the balance of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenergic networks has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, affective and even personality disorders. Disruption of the cerebellar output to mesial dopaminergic areas, locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei, or deafferentation of the thalamolimbic circuits by a cerebellar lesion may lead to behavioral changes. Seven patients (pts) (comprising 4 men and 3 women with mean age 22 years) were diagnosed as suffering from psychosis (2 pts), major depression (1 pt), personality disorders (2 pts) and somatoform disorders (2pts) (DSM-IV criteria). Brain CT scan (7 pts) and MRI (4 pts) revealed tumors of the posterior fossa (2 pts), megacisterna magna (2pts) and Dandy-Walker variant (2 pts). in one patient a IVth ventricle tumor was removed in childhood. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,ASSAF HAROFEH MED CTR,DEPT NEUROSURG,ZERIFIN,ISRAEL. RP Pollak, L (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,ASSAF HAROFEH MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,IL-70300 ZERIFIN,ISRAEL. 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J. Neurosci. PY 1996 VL 87 IS 3-4 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.3109/00207459609070831 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VZ758 UT WOS:A1996VZ75800002 PM 9003973 ER PT J AU Happe, FG AF Happe, FG TI Perception of parts and wholes in autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,LONDON WC1H 0AH,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 1361 EP 1361 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700344 ER PT J AU Minshew, NJ Goldstein, G Siegel, DJ AF Minshew, NJ Goldstein, G Siegel, DJ TI Neuropsychological functioning in autism: Evidence for a generalized complex information processing deficit SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 1362 EP 1362 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700345 ER PT J AU Burack, JA Iarocci, G Mottron, L Stauder, J Robaey, P Brennan, J AF Burack, JA Iarocci, G Mottron, L Stauder, J Robaey, P Brennan, J TI Attention in persons with autism: A developmental perspective SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 1363 EP 1363 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700346 ER PT J AU Ozonoff, S Strayer, DL AF Ozonoff, S Strayer, DL TI Dimensions of executive function in autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 1364 EP 1364 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700347 ER PT J AU Mottron, L AF Mottron, L TI High functioning autism and visual agnosia: Where leads the parallelism? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MONTREAL,HOP RIVIERE PRAIRIES,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 1365 EP 1365 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700348 ER PT J AU Olivar, S Belinchon Carmona, M AF Olivar, S Belinchon Carmona, M TI Referential communication patterns in autism and late onset psychosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 1845 EP 1845 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700772 ER PT J AU Powell, SD Jordan, RR AF Powell, SD Jordan, RR TI Understanding memory in autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV HERTFORDSHIRE,HATFIELD AL10 9AB,HERTS,ENGLAND. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 4402 EP 4402 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85703319 ER PT J AU Morasse, K Belleville, S Mottron, L AF Morasse, K Belleville, S Mottron, L TI Memory impairment in autism: Episodic, semantic or executive? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MONTREAL,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. HOP RIVIERE DES PRAIRIES,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 4702 EP 4702 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85703629 ER PT J AU Chlorou, C AF Chlorou, C TI Families of children with autism: An investigation and a proposal for intervention SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 4801 EP 4801 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85703696 ER PT J AU Bowman, DE AF Bowman, DE TI Trends, policies and treatment of families of children with autism in the USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOVA SE UNIV,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 4804 EP 4804 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85703699 ER PT J AU Jordan, RR AF Jordan, RR TI Pronouns and autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 5396 EP 5396 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85704109 ER PT J AU Volden, J Johnston, J AF Volden, J Johnston, J TI Cognitive scripts in autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 5397 EP 5397 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85704110 ER PT J AU Bowler, DM Matthews, NJ Gardiner, JM AF Bowler, DM Matthews, NJ Gardiner, JM TI Implicit memory in Asperger's syndrome: No support for the autism-amnesia parallel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CITY UNIV LONDON,LONDON EC1V 0HB,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 15460 EP 15460 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700517 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, EN Minnes, PM AF McLaughlin, EN Minnes, PM TI Attitudes toward persons with autism: Lessons from facilitated communication SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,HALIFAX,NS,CANADA. QUEENS UNIV,KINGSTON,ON,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 15492 EP 15492 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85700547 ER PT J AU Brian, JA Bryson, SE AF Brian, JA Bryson, SE TI Disembedding from meaningful and nonmeaningful contexts: Evidence from high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 YORK UNIV,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 22485 EP 22485 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85701167 ER PT J AU Ring, A Stein, D Barak, Y Meir, D Weizman, A AF Ring, A Stein, D Barak, Y Meir, D Weizman, A TI Autistic children do not ''outgrow'' autism SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND RELATED SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ABARBANEL MENTAL HLTH CTR,TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU GEFEN PUBL HOUSE LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 6056, JERUSALEM 91060, ISRAEL SN 0333-7308 J9 ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT JI Isr. J. Psychiatr. Relat. Sci. PY 1996 VL 33 IS 4 BP 271 EP 272 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WK925 UT WOS:A1996WK92500023 ER PT J AU Emerson, E Robertson, J Fowler, S Letchford, S Jones, M AF Emerson, E Robertson, J Fowler, S Letchford, S Jones, M TI The long-term effects of behavioural residential special education on children with severely challenging behaviours: Changes in behaviour and skills SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID AUTISM AB Information was collected through the retrospective analysis of records and interview on the characteristics, abilities, challenging behaviours shown and services received by 55 children who attended a behavioural residential special education facility since 1982. Results indicated that, overall, (1) during the mean 2.5 year stay at the facility the children showed significant gains in self-care and communication skills and significant reductions on all indicators of challenging behaviour; (2) that these gains were maintained over the mean 6.5 year follow-up period; but (3) that few additional gains were made during this period. After controlling for initial level of challenging behaviour, greater reductions in challenging behaviour during attendance at the school were observed for children who: prior to entry were living at home; who did not have epilepsy; or who attended the school at a younger age. After leaving school greater improvements were observed by: boys; children who did not have epilepsy; children who were less able; and children who had been followed up for a longer period of time. C1 BEECH TREE SCH,PRESTON PR5 8LN,LANCS,ENGLAND. RP Emerson, E (reprint author), UNIV MANCHESTER,HESTER ADRIAN RES CTR,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. CR BLACHER J, 1994, WHEN THERES NO PLACE, P213 Carr E. 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Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 240 EP 255 PG 16 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA VZ776 UT WOS:A1996VZ77600007 ER PT J AU Male, DB AF Male, DB TI Who goes to SLD schools? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN AB This paper describes the results of a national survey of schools for children with severe learning difficulties (SLD) which aimed to obtain a profile of the characteristics of children attending these schools. A postal questionnaire was sent to headteachers of 75 SLD schools which sought to elicit their perceptions as to the proportion of pupils in their schools with profound and multiple learning difficulties, challenging behaviour, degenerative and life-threatening conditions, additional physical and sensory impairments and autism. Headteachers were also asked to supply information about pupil numbers, proportions of boys to girls, proportion of pupils with statements of special educational needs, previous placement of pupils, staff numbers and composition, and pupil exclusion numbers. The results indicated that headteachers considered that the pupil populations in their schools were changing to include more pupils with profound and multiple learning difficulties, challenging behaviours, degenerative and life-threatening conditions, additional physical and sensory impairments and autism. Just over a half of all schools reported that their pupil roll was increasing, whilst a significant number reported having to replace qualified teachers with classroom assistants as a way of reducing costs. Over a third of schools reported that not all of their pupils had statements of special educational needs, whilst one in four schools reported that they had excluded pupils in the last year. The findings are discussed in the context of curricular implications, training needs of teachers and the overall need to monitor future trends in the SLD school population. RP Male, DB (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST EDUC,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL & SPECIAL EDUC NEEDS,25 WOBUM SQ,LONDON WC1H 0AA,ENGLAND. CR ABRAMOWICZ HK, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P18 *AUD COMM HMI, 1992, GETT ACT CHAMBERLAIN G, 1991, BRIT MED J, V303, P178 *DEP ED, 1990, 1190 DEP ED *DEP ED, 1994, 394 DEP ED Department for Education, 1994, COD PRACT ID ASS SPE Evans P., 1987, SPECIAL CARE PROVISI FLETCHERCAMPBEL.F, 1995, SMALL STEPS PROGR NA Goacher B., 1988, POLICY PROVISION SPE *GOV STAT SERV, 1992, ED STAT UK 1992 HAGBERG B, 1984, SCI STUDIES MENTAL R HAGBERG B, 1985, MENTAL DEFICIENCY HARRIS J, 1993, INNOVATIONS ED CHILD HOGG J, 1987, 4 MENCAP PRMH KIERNAN C, 1994, MENT HANDICAP RES, V7, P177, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00126.X Male D.B., 1996, BRIT J SPECIAL ED, V23, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8578.1996.tb00941.x MILLER O, 1994, BRIT J SPECIAL ED, V21, P7, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8578.1994.tb00070.x MITTLER P, 1993, SEM POL OPT SPEC ED OUVRY C, 1983, THESIS U LONDON PREDDY D, 1981, CHILDREN SEVERE LEAR Qureshi H., 1992, MENT HANDICAP RES, V5, P130 *SCH CURR ASS AUTH, 1996, PLANN CURR PUP PROF WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 PU BILD PUBLICATIONS PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL VICTORIA RD, CLEVEDON, AVON, ENGLAND BS21 7SJ SN 1360-2322 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 307 EP 323 PG 17 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA WG227 UT WOS:A1996WG22700002 ER PT J AU Pennington, BF Ozonoff, S AF Pennington, BF Ozonoff, S TI Executive functions and developmental psychopathology SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE executive functions; ADHD; autism; conduct disorder; Tourette syndrome ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER; FRONTAL-LOBE DYSFUNCTION; CARD SORTING TEST; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; LA-TOURETTES SYNDROME; LEARNING-DISABLED CHILDREN; STIMULUS OVER-SELECTIVITY; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AB In this paper, we consider the domain of executive functions (EFs) and their possible role in developmental psychopathologies. We first consider general theoretical and measurement issues involved in studying EFs and then review studies of EFs in four developmental psychopathologies: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), autism, and Tourette syndrome (TS). Our review reveals that EF deficits are consistently found in both ADHD and autism but not in CD (without ADHD) or in TS. Moreover, both the severity and profile of EF deficits appears to differ across ADHD and autism. Molar EF deficits are more severe in the latter than the former. In the few studies of more specific EF tasks, there are impairments in motor inhibition in ADHD but not in autism, whereas there are impairments in verbal working memory in autism but not ADHD. We close with a discussion of implications for future research. C1 UNIV UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. RP Pennington, BF (reprint author), UNIV DENVER, DEPT PSYCHOL, DENVER, CO 80208 USA. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 51 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x PG 37 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA UB254 UT WOS:A1996UB25400005 PM 8655658 ER PT J AU Bailey, A Phillips, W Rutter, M AF Bailey, A Phillips, W Rutter, M TI Autism: Towards an integration of clinical, genetic, neuropsychological, and neurobiological perspectives SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; genetics; neuropsychology; brain imaging; neuropathology; psychopathology ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; BRAIN-STEM AB Autism consitutes one of the best validated child psychiatric disorders. Empirical research has succeeded in delineating the key clinical phenomena, in demonstrating strong genetic influences on the underlying liability, and in identifying basic cognitive deficits. A range of neurobiological abnormalities has also been found, although the replicability of specific findings has not been high. An understanding of the causal processes leading to autism, and accounting for the marked variability in its manifestations, requires an integration across these different levels of enquiry. Although this is not yet possible, a partial integration provides a useful strategy for identifying key research questions, the limitations of existing hypotheses, and future research directions that are likely to prove fruitful. The research findings for each research level are critically reviewed in order to consider how to move towards an integration across levels. C1 INST PSYCHIAT, CTR SOCIAL GENET & DEV PSYCHIAT, LONDON SE5 8AF, ENGLAND. RP Bailey, A (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT, MRC, CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT, DE CRESPIGNY PK, LONDON SE5 8AF, ENGLAND. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 89 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x PG 38 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA UB254 UT WOS:A1996UB25400006 PM 8655659 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Smith, KL AF Hall, Laura J. Smith, Kerry L. TI THE GENERALISATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS BY PREFERRED PEERS WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY LA English DT Article AB Although strategies have been used effectively to promote the generalisation of social skills between children with disabilities and peers without disabilities, few studies have reported procedures that foster the generalisation of social skills between young children with autism. Rarer still is the inclusion of the child with autism's choice of playmate when participants are selected for social skills programs. The study used a replicated AB design to evaluate the generalisation to the playground of selected social skills taught in a brief program conducted in an early intervention centre. Results indicate that children with autism can identify preferred peers, and when mutually selected pairs of children with autism participate in a social skills program as an addition to their ongoing participation in early intervention, increases in skills can be observed in the generalisation setting. Increases in specific skills, however, are not consistent for all children. Suggestions for future research based on the results from this study are discussed. C1 [Hall, Laura J.] Deakin Univ, Sch Studies Disabil, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. RP Hall, LJ (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Studies Disabil, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BELCHIC JK, 1994, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V16, P1, DOI 10.1300/J019v16n02_01 Bimbrauer J. 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PY 1996 VL 21 IS 4 BP 313 EP 330 DI 10.1080/13668259600033221 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA V25WF UT WOS:000208507400004 ER PT J AU Frith, U AF Frith, U TI Social communication and its disorder in autism and Asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger syndrome; social behaviour; theory of mind ID SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; NORMAL-CHILDREN; MIND; REPRESENTATION; DECEPTION; CHILDHOOD; OBJECT; PLAY RP Frith, U (reprint author), MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,17 GORDON ST,LONDON WC1H 0AH,ENGLAND. 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Psychopharmacol. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1177/026988119601000108 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA UF565 UT WOS:A1996UF56500008 PM 22302727 ER PT J AU Gillberg, C AF Gillberg, C TI The psychopharmacology of autism and related disorders SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE autism; Asperger syndrome; neurochemistry; neurobiology; psychopharmacology ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; URINARY HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; INFANTILE-AUTISM; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA RP Gillberg, C (reprint author), UNIV GOTHENBURG,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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Hence, the habilitation of social and vocational skills has become possible. This empirical view of the challenges and practices at Bittersweet Farms describes effective principles of habilitation programming for this unique population. RP Giddan, JJ (reprint author), MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,POB 10008,TOLEDO,OH 43699, USA. 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B., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P37 MESIBOV GB, 1994, CURR I AUT, P195 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 Schopler E., 1995, PARENT SURVIVAL MANU SCHOPLER E, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02206542 SCHOPLER E, 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A SMITH MD, 1990, AUTISM LIFE COMMUNIT VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P367 VOGEL L, 1988, SYSTEMS REPRESENTATI WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P5 WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P419 1988, FED REGISTER, V53, P20448 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 PU NATL REHABILITATION ASSN-NRA PI ALEXANDRIA PA 633 S WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-4109 SN 0022-4154 J9 J REHABIL JI J. Rehabil. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA UK142 UT WOS:A1996UK14200011 ER PT J AU Volkmar, FR Klin, A Schultz, R Bronen, R Marans, WD Sparrow, S Cohen, DJ AF Volkmar, FR Klin, A Schultz, R Bronen, R Marans, WD Sparrow, S Cohen, DJ TI Asperger's syndrome SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Discussion DE Asperger's syndrome; autism; pervasive developmental disorder; case report ID AUTISM AB This Grand Rounds is concerned with the classification of Asperger's syndrome and its continuity/discontinuity with autism. Information on a 15-year-old with the condition is presented as are data on other family members. The proband exhibited a longstanding pattern of marked deficits in social interaction, motor awkwardness, and unusual, circumscribed interest consistent with a diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome. Both the proband and his father exhibited unusual discrepancies between verbal and performance (nonverbal) cognitive abilities favoring the former. Deficits were observed in the social use of language. Father and son had similar abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging examination. Potential differences between higher-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome are important areas for future research. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 Goldman-Rakic P. S., 1987, HDB PHYSL 1, V5, P373 KLIN A, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V3, P131 KLIN A, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Kolb B., 1990, FUNDAMENTALS HUMAN N OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 Rourke B. P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 Tantam D., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, PSYCHIATRY *WHO, 1990, IN PRESS INT CLASS D WILLERMAN L, 1992, INTELLIGENCE, V16, P315, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(92)90012-G WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1097/00004583-199601000-00020 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA TL432 UT WOS:A1996TL43200021 PM 8567603 ER PT J AU Shannon, M Graef, JW AF Shannon, M Graef, JW TI Lead intoxication in children with pervasive developmental disorders SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objective: To investigate the observation that children with pervasive developmental disorders have later and more prolonged lead exposure and are more likely to be reexposed when compared to lend-poisoned children without pervasive developmental disorders. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: A large, urban lead treatment program. Results: Over a six year period 17 children with pervasive developmental disorders (including autism) were treated Compared to a randomly selected group of 30 children without pervasive developmental disorders who were treated for plumbism over the same interval, those with pervasive developmental delay were significantly older at diagnosis (46.5 vs 30.3 months, p =.03) and had a longer period of elevated blood lead levels (39.1 vs 14.1 months, p =.013) during management. Despite close monitoring, stare-mandated environmental inspection and prompt lead hazard reduction or alternative housing, 75% of children with pervasive developmental disorders were reexposed to lead during medical management compared with 23% of children without pervasive developmental disorders (p =.001). Conclusions. 1) Lead intoxication among children with pervasive developmental disorders may appear de novo beyond the third year of life and is associated with a high rate of reexposure; 2) the provision of deleaded housing (by current techniques) may not be sufficient to protect these children from repeated lead exposure, 3) these data support recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control that children with developmental delays be closely monitored for the appearance of lead intoxication. This monitoring should continue beyond the third year of life. RP Shannon, M (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,MASSACHUSETTS POISON CONTROL SYST,300 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. CR ACCARDO P, 1988, CLIN PEDIATR, V27, P41, DOI 10.1177/000992288802700108 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BROWN MJ, 1990, NEW ENGL J MED, V323, P135 Centers for Disease Control, 1991, PREV LEAD POIS YOUNG COHEN DJ, 1976, AM J DIS CHILD, V130, P47 DANFORD DE, 1982, ANNU REV NUTR, V2, P303, DOI 10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.001511 DAVID O, 1972, LANCET, V2, P900 ERENBERG G, 1974, PEDIATRICS, V54, P438 LANDRIGAN PJ, 1987, PEDIATRICS, V79, P582 LEEDUKES G, 1986, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V33, P149 1993, PEDIATRICS, V92, P176 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 1996 VL 34 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA UC641 UT WOS:A1996UC64100008 PM 8618251 ER PT J AU Boone, L AF Boone, L TI Thinking in pictures and other reports from my life with autism - Grandin,T SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Boone, L (reprint author), SAN JOSE PUBL LIB,180 W SAN CARLOS ST,SAN JOSE,CA 95113, USA. CR Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES OT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TT762 UT WOS:A1996TT76200239 ER PT J AU Warren, RP Singh, VK AF Warren, RP Singh, VK TI Elevated serotonin levels in autism: Association with the major histocompatibility complex SO NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; serotonin; major histocompatibility complex; autoimmune disorders; C4B gene; null allele ID INCREASED FREQUENCY; T-CELLS; HAPLOTYPES; CHILDREN; PROTEIN AB Two of the most consistently observed biological findings in autism are increased serotonin levels in the blood and immunological abnormalities (including autoreactivity with tissues of the central nervous system). The purpose of this investigation was to determine if any relationship exists between these two sets of observations. Our laboratory has found and confirmed associations of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with autism. Since the MHC is known to regulate the immune system and is also associated with autoimmune disorders, we studied serum serotonin levels in 20 autistic subjects with or without MHC types previously found to be associated with autism. A positive relationship was observed between elevated serotonin levels and the MHC types previously associated with autism. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Warren, RP (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR PERSONS DISABIL,UMC 6895,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. CR ABRAMASON RK, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V47, pA45 ALPER CA, 1989, COMPLEMENT INFLAMMAT, V6, P8 DANIELS WW, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V32, P120, DOI 10.1159/000119223 DEGLIESPOSTI MA, 1992, HUM IMMUNOL, V34, P242, DOI 10.1016/0198-8859(92)90023-G FERRARI P, 1988, Encephale, V14, P339 FIELD EJ, 1971, NATURE, V233, P284, DOI 10.1038/233284a0 FREI BW, 1991, P ANN M AM AC CHILD, V7, P53 GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P96 PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P12 SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 Singh V K, 1988, Ann N Y Acad Sci, V540, P602, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27186.x STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 WAKSMAN BH, 1988, PERSPECTIVES AUTOIMM, P59 WARREN RP, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P333, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00008 WARREN RP, 1992, IMMUNOGENETICS, V36, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00215048 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF01531729 WARREN RP, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V31, P53, DOI 10.1159/000119172 WARREN RP, 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 YONK LJ, 1990, IMMUNOL LETT, V25, P341, DOI 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90205-5 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 29 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-282X J9 NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Neuropsychobiology PY 1996 VL 34 IS 2 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1159/000119295 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA VN390 UT WOS:A1996VN39000004 PM 8904735 ER PT J AU Sponheim, E Spurkland, I AF Sponheim, E Spurkland, I TI Diagnosing childhood autism in clinical practice - An inter-rater reliability study of ICD-10, DSM-III-R, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Behavior Checklist SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; Autism Behavior Checklist; Childhood Autism Rating Scale; DSM-III-R; ICD-10; reliability ID CLASSIFICATION AB Studies of diagnostic reliability are important for quality control both in clinical work and in research. In clinical work such studies are often neglected. This is undesirable and may lead to use of inadequate procedures. Twenty-five children were included in an inter-rater reliability study of four commonly used diagnostic instruments for classification of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). The instruments were ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria, DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Estimates for inter-rater reliability between two experienced clinicians were calculated. The highest reliability was obtained using ICD-10 research criteria, and the lowest reliability using the CARS. Implications for clinical practice as to selection of diagnostic instruments and systems are discussed. RP Sponheim, E (reprint author), NATL CTR CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,POB 26,N-0319 OSLO,NORWAY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th CANTWELL DP, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P3 CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x PRENDERGAST M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P289, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00717.x RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF01046323 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 *WHO, 1989, ICD 10 MENTAL BEHAV, pCH5 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE YRMIYA N, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P281 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-9488 J9 NORD J PSYCHIAT JI Nord. J. Psychiatr. PY 1996 VL 50 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.3109/08039489609081381 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA TY370 UT WOS:A1996TY37000002 ER PT J AU Cederblad, M AF Cederblad, M TI Fifty years of epidemiologic studies in child and adolescent psychiatry in Sweden SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE adolescent psychiatry; child; epidemiology; review; Sweden ID REPORTED HEALTH-STATUS; SHORT-TERM STABILITY; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; SWEDISH ADOLESCENTS; 3500 ADOLESCENTS; WESTERN SWEDEN; MEDICAL-CARE; AUTISM; BEHAVIOR AB In Sweden the first epidemiologic study on mental disorders in children and adolescents was made in 1945-46. Since then investigations have been made on different age groups using various methods to clarify the nature and magnitude of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents. During the last two decades the assessment of single behaviour deviances and stress reactions has been replaced by studies on psychiatric disorders according to the DSM system or using factor-analysed composite clusters of behaviours. High rates of comorbidity show that the symptoms of young people are more diffuse than those of adults. The frequency of ''psychiatric cases'' varied depending on the methods used. Most studies rate 5-20% as behaviourally disturbed i.e. enough to cause a problem to the child and/or his/her parents and teachers. Most studies state that boys have more behaviour deviances than girls before puberty. Girls have more problems during adolescence, especially depressions and psychosomatic symptoms. Girls have more internalizing symptoms, while boys display more acting-out behaviours. Self-reported symptoms are generally more frequent than symptoms reported by parents. Teachers report the lowest frequencies. Severe psychopathology like anorexia nervosa, major depressive disorders and psychoses are comparatively rare. The study of such conditions requires different methods than the study of adjustment problems and stress reactions. RP Cederblad, M (reprint author), UNIV LUND, AVDELNINGEN BARN UNGDORNSPSYKIATRI, BOX 638, S-22009 LUND, SWEDEN. CR Achenbach T. 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J. Psychiatr. PY 1996 VL 50 SU 36 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.3109/08039489609104315 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA UR323 UT WOS:A1996UR32300008 ER PT J AU Hastings, R AF Hastings, R TI Does facilitated communication free imprisoned minds? SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; WORDS; QUESTIONS RP Hastings, R (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST CHILD HLTH,BEHAV SCI UNIT,30 GUILFORD ST,LONDON WC1N 1EH,ENGLAND. RI Hastings, Richard/D-9657-2013 OI Hastings, Richard/0000-0002-0495-8270 CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BETTISON S, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P561, DOI 10.1007/BF02206880 Biklen D, 1991, DISABILITY HANDICAP, V6, P161, DOI 10.1080/02674649166780231 Biklen D., 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P15 BIKLEN D, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P21 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BIKLEN D, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P242 BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 Carr E. G., 1985, THEORETICAL ISSUES B CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 Crossley R., 1980, ANNIES COMING OUT Crossley R., 1989, COMMUNICATION TRAINI CROSSLEY R, 1988, ISAAC C ANAHEIM CALI CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 DONNELLAN AM, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P69 DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 Emerson E., 1992, MENT HANDICAP RES, V5, P49 Green G., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC HOSTLER SL, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P1190 HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 HUDSON A, IN PRESS ADV CLIN CH, V17 JACOBSON JW, 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL JOHNSON I, 1989, J SOCIAL WORK PRACTI, V4, P13, DOI 10.1080/02650538908413409 Jones R. S. P., 1993, PSYCHOL B BRIT PSYCH, V6, P544 KLEWE L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF01046057 MINNES P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P416, DOI 10.1007/BF01046231 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P531, DOI 10.1007/BF01046054 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF01046055 PRIOR M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01048237 SABIN LA, 1993, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V18, P200 SCHWARTZ AA, 1993, AAMR NEWS NOTES, V6, P2 SCHWARTZ AA, 1993, AAMR NEWS NOTES, V6, P5 SCHWARTZ AA, 1993, AAMR NEWS NOTES, V6, P3 SCRIVENER T, 1993, COMMUNITY LIVING, V6, P19 SILLIMAN ER, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P60 SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TN722 UT WOS:A1996TN72200010 ER PT J AU JacobTimm, S AF JacobTimm, S TI Ethical and legal issues associated with the use of aversives in the public schools: The SIBIS controversy SO SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; RIGHTS AB Self-injurious behavior (SIB) occurs most frequently among persons with severe mental retardation or autism. Repetitive head punching is a form of SIB that may become life-threatening. Although controversial, one of the treatments effective in reducing SIB among persons with a history of treatment failure involves the use of the Self-injurious Behavior Inhibiting System (SIBIS), a device that automatically delivers a mild electric shock to the arm or leg following a blow to the head. This article explores the ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of aversives. The current literature on the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of SIB is reviewed; ethical and legal issues associated with the use of aversives in the public schools are addressed. RP JacobTimm, S (reprint author), CENT MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,MT PLEASANT,MI 48859, USA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, COMPR COORD PSYCH SE Axelrod S. 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Psikhiatrii Im. S S Korsakova PY 1996 VL 96 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry GA UW981 UT WOS:A1996UW98100028 PM 8754357 ER PT J AU Gero, A AF Gero, A TI Desensitization and neurohumor modulation: A model of drug dependence .2. SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE-P; MORPHINE; RELEASE; NALOXONE; RATS; MICE AB A theoretical model of drug tolerance and dependence is presented, based on the assumption that, besides their own function, some neurohumors may also modulate the output of other neurohumors. If the receptors of both neurohumors are rapidly desensitized and resensitized by their natural ligands, but slowly by drugs, prolonged exposure to drugs will necessarily lead to drug tolerance and dependence. This model proposes a function for co-transmitters and, applied to opioid and catecholamine neurohumors and drugs, it explains the presence of enkephalin in sympathetic neurons, the release of catecholamine neurohumors by opiates, the fact that signs of opiate abstinence are largely autonomic symptoms, the attenuation of the opiate abstinence syndrome by alpha(2) agonists and its exacerbation by alpha(2) antagonists, the analgesic action of excitement, and the increased toxicity of morphine in animals treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. The model also suggests possible interpretations for the late effects of large opiate doses, hyperalgesia caused by very small opiate doses, certain symptoms of autism, and sudden infant death syndrome. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited. RP Gero, A (reprint author), HAHNEMANN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102, USA. CR BARTFAI T, 1988, ANNU REV PHARMACOL, V28, P285, DOI 10.1146/annurev.pa.28.040188.001441 BRODERICK PA, 1987, NEUROPEPTIDES, V10, P369, DOI 10.1016/S0143-4179(87)90128-4 BRODERICK PA, 1985, LIFE SCI, V36, P2269, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90315-7 DWOSKIN LP, 1983, EUR J PHARMACOL, V90, P269, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(83)90248-0 GERO A, 1973, ARCH INT PHARMACOD T, V206, P41 GERO A, 1985, J THEOR BIOL, V115, P603, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(85)80143-0 KAYSER V, 1987, BRAIN RES, V414, P155, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91338-2 Langer S. 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PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 177 IS 4 BP 357 EP 368 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA TT358 UT WOS:A1995TT35800004 PM 8871473 ER PT J AU Schapiro, MB Murphy, DGM Hagerman, RJ Azari, NP Alexander, GE Miezejeski, CM Hinton, VJ Horwitz, B Haxby, JV Kumar, A White, B Grady, CL AF Schapiro, MB Murphy, DGM Hagerman, RJ Azari, NP Alexander, GE Miezejeski, CM Hinton, VJ Horwitz, B Haxby, JV Kumar, A White, B Grady, CL TI Adult fragile X syndrome: Neuropsychology, brain anatomy, and metabolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; cerebral glucose metabolism; positron emission tomography (PET); brain; mental retardation; computed tomography (CT); autism; development ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHIC DATA; DOWNS-SYNDROME; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MALES; CHILDHOOD AB To understand the implications of suboptimal gene expression in fragile X syndrome [fra(X)], we sought to define the central nervous abnormalities in fra(X) syndrome to determine if abnormalities in specific brain regions or networks might explain the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in this syndrome. Cranial and ventricular volumes were measured with quantitative computed tomography (CT), regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) were measured with [18-F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG), and patterns of cognition were determined with neuropsychological testing in ten healthy, male patients with karyotypically proven fra(X) syndrome (age range 20-30 yr). Controls for the CT studies were 20 healthy males (age range 21-37 yr), controls for the PET studies were 9 healthy males (age range 22-31 yr), and controls for the neuropsychological tests were 10 young adult, male Down syndrome (DS) subjects (age range 22-31 yr). The mean mental age of the fra(X) syndrome group was 5.3 yr (range 3.5-7.5 yr; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale). Despite comparable levels of mental retardation, the fra(X) subjects showed poorer attention/short term memory in comparison to the DS group. Further, the fra(X) subjects showed a relative strength in verbal compared to visuospatial attention/short term memory. As measured with quantitative CT, 8 fra(X) subjects had a significant (P < 0.05) 12% greater intracranial volume (1,410 +/- 86 cm(3)) as compared to controls (1,254 +/- 122 cm(3)). Volumes of the right and left lateral ventricles and the third ventricle did not differ between groups. Seven of eight patients had greater right lateral ventricle volumes than left, as opposed to 9 out of 20 controls (P < 0.05). Global gray matter CMR-glc in nine fra(X) patients was 9.79 +/- 1.28 mg/100 g/minute and did not differ from 8.84 +/- 1.31 mg/100 g/minute in the controls. R/L asymmetry in metabolism of the superior parietal lobe was significantly higher in the patients than controls. A preliminary principal component analysis of metabolic data showed that the fra(X) subjects tended to form a separate subgroup that is characterized by relative elevation of normalized metabolism in the lenticular nucleus, thalamus, and premotor regions. Further, a discriminant function, that reflected rCMRglc interactions of the right lenticular and left premotor regions, distinguished the fra(X) subjects from controls. These regions are part of a major group of functionally and anatomically related brain regions and appear disturbed as well in autism with which fra(X) has distinct behavioral similarities. These results show a cognitive profile in fra(X) syndrome that is distinct from that of Down syndrome, that the larger brains in fragile X syndrome are not accompanied by generalized cerebral cortical atrophy or hypoplasia, and that distinctive alterations in resting regional glucose metabolism, measured with 18 FDG and PET, occur in fra(X) syndrome. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,CHILD DEV UNIT,DENVER,CO 80218. NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,NEW YORK STATE OFF MENTAL RETARDAT & DEV,STATEN ISL,NY 10314. NIDDKD,CTR CLIN,BIOL CHEM LAB,CYTOGENET UNIT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Schapiro, MB (reprint author), NIA,CTR CLIN,NEUROSCI LAB,BRAIN AGING & DEMENTIA SECT,BLDG 10,ROOM 6C414,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. 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A., 1968, ILLINOIS TEST PSYCHO LACHENBR.PA, 1968, TECHNOMETRICS, V10, P1, DOI 10.2307/1266219 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1141, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00025 MESULAM MM, 1983, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V6, P384, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(83)90171-6 MILNER B, 1971, BRIT MED BULL, V27, P272 MURPHY D, 1990, 143RD AM PSYCH ASS A MURPHY DGM, 1990, 1990 BRIT ASS PSYCH MUSUMECI SA, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P511, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380276 NIELSEN KB, 1983, J MENT DEFIC RES, V27, P211 PALMER KK, 1988, P GREENWOOD GENETICS, V7, P93 Parasuraman R., 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P242, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.7.3.242 PEMBREY ME, 1986, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V9, P58, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(86)90021-4 RAPOPORT SI, 1990, BRAIN RES REV, V15, P267, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(90)90004-8 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 REISS AL, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V27, P223, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90652-I REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 RHOADS FA, 1982, PEDIATRICS, V69, P668 RUDELLI RD, 1983, LANCET, V1, P1221 RUDELLI RD, 1985, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V67, P289 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 Rutter M., 1979, CONGENITAL ACQUIRED, P247 SCHAPIRO MB, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P1424 SCHAPIRO MB, 1991, DEC AM COLL NEUR ANN SCHAPIRO MB, 1990, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V10, P199 SCHAPIRO MB, 1992, NEUROBIOL AGING, V13, P723, DOI 10.1016/0197-4580(92)90096-G SCHAPIRO MB, 1988, DEC AM COLL NEUR ANN SCHAPIRO MB, 1987, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V50, P766, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.50.6.766 SCHWARTZ M, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V17, P146, DOI 10.1002/ana.410170208 SMITH A, 1975, NEUROLOGY, V25, P813 SOKOLOFF L, 1977, J NEUROCHEM, V28, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10649.x SUDHALTER V, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P493, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380270 SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 SUTHERLAND GR, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P265, DOI 10.1126/science.877551 SWEDO SE, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P518 Terman L. M., 1973, STANFORD BINET INTEL TEUBER H, 1962, Dev Med Child Neurol, V4, P3 TURNER G, 1986, J PEDIATR, V96, P837 VARGHAKHADEM F, 1985, BRAIN, V108, P677, DOI 10.1093/brain/108.3.677 VEENEMA H, 1987, J MED GENET, V24, P23, DOI 10.1136/jmg.24.1.23 WARRINGT.EK, 1973, Q J EXP PSYCHOL, V25, P316, DOI 10.1080/14640747308400352 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WISNIEWSKI KE, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P665, DOI 10.1002/ana.410180607 1985, SAS USERS GUIDE NR 92 TC 59 Z9 59 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 6 BP 480 EP 493 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600603 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TK751 UT WOS:A1995TK75100002 PM 8825884 ER PT J AU Fon, EA Sarrazin, J Meunier, C Alarcia, J Shevell, MI Philippe, A Leboyer, M Rouleau, GA AF Fon, EA Sarrazin, J Meunier, C Alarcia, J Shevell, MI Philippe, A Leboyer, M Rouleau, GA TI Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) and infantile autism: Absence of previously reported point mutation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE purine enzymes; candidate gene; developmental disorders; mutation detection; single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE AB Autism is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome of unknown etiology. There is evidence that a deficiency in the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), essential for de novo purine biosynthesis, could be involved in the pathogenesis of certain cases, A point mutation in the ADSL gene, resulting in a predicted serine-to-proline substitution and conferring structural instability to the mutant enzyme, has been reported previously in 3 affected siblings. In order to determine the prevalence of the mutation, we PCR-amplified the exon spanning the site of this mutation from the genomic DNA of patients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for autistic disorder. None of the 119 patients tested were found to have this mutation, Furthermore, on preliminary screening using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), no novel mutations were detected in the coding sequence of four ADSL exons, spanning approximately 50% of the cDNA. In light of these findings, it appears that mutations in the ADSL gene represent a distinctly uncommon cause of autism. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MONTREAL GEN HOSP,CTR RES NEUROSCI,MONTREAL,PQ H3G 1A4,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. UNIV MONTREAL,HOP RIVIERE DES PRAIRIES,PSYCHIAT SERV,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. GRP HOSP PITIE SALPETRIERE,PSYCHIAT SERV,F-75634 PARIS,FRANCE. CR AIMI J, 1990, J BIOL CHEM, V265, P9011 FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 FON EA, 1993, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V64, P201, DOI 10.1159/000133575 GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P209 GROMPE M, 1993, NAT GENET, V5, P111, DOI 10.1038/ng1093-111 JAEKEN J, 1988, EUR J PEDIATR, V148, P126, DOI 10.1007/BF00445919 JAEKEN J, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1058 LESCH M, 1964, AM J MED, V36, P561, DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(64)90104-4 NYHAN WL, 1969, J PEDIATR, V74, P20, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(69)80004-1 STONE RL, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P59, DOI 10.1038/ng0492-59 TRIGGSRAINE BL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P1041 WOODS SA, 1988, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V954, P14, DOI 10.1016/0167-4838(88)90050-7 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 6 BP 554 EP 557 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600614 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TK751 UT WOS:A1995TK75100013 PM 8825895 ER PT J AU Adrien, JL Rossignol, C Barthelemy, C Jose, C Sauvage, D AF Adrien, JL Rossignol, C Barthelemy, C Jose, C Sauvage, D TI Development and functioning of ''theory of mind'' in autistic and normal children SO A N A E-APPROCHE NEUROPSYCHOLOGIQUE DES APPRENTISSAGES CHEZ L ENFANT LA French DT Article DE <>; development and regulation; clinical applied psychology ID BELIEFS AB This paper was concerned with the study of normal and autistic children' responses to several tests investigating the ability to think the other's thought (<< theory of mind >>). Interpreted into a piagetian perspective, results in normal children permitted to suggest the existence of three ability development stages, between period of age from 3 to 8 years (initial, mediate and final stages). Analysis of autistic children's responses confirmed Baron-Cohen's findings about a << theory of mind >> deficit in autism. However, both theoretical frameworks - developmental and neuropsychological - permitted to understand some of their responses as corresponding, on one hand, to a mediate level cognitive functioning, on the other hand, to a disorder of mental activity regulation. Clinical interests of using these tests in neuropsychological investigation was discussed. C1 CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CHU BRETONNEAU,RESEUA INSERM 493001,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1993, ANAE, V15, P155 ADRIEN JL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF02179287 ADRIEN JL, 1994, DEV ENFANT APPROCHES, P175 ADRIEN JL, 1988, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V36, P9 Adrien J L, 1993, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P25 APA, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, V14, P1 BARONCOHEN S, 1993, ANAE, V5, P146 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARTHELEMY C, 1993, ACT PAEDOPSYCHIAT, V56, P261 BARTSCH K, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P946, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03526.x FRITH U, 1989, ENIGME AUTISME GOPNIK A, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x LELORD G, 1990, AUTISME ENFANT Lelord G, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P43 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL B BRIT PSYCH, V3, P120 MARTINEAU J, 1995, UNPUB BIOL PSYCHIAT OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERRON R, 1978, ECHELLES DIFFERENTIE Piaget J, 1947, PSYCHOL INTELLIGENCE PLUMET MH, 1993, ANAE, V5, P129 PREMACK D, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P515 ROSSIGNOL N, 1993, MEMOIRE DESS PSYCHOL SAUVAGE D, 1987, ANN PSYCHIAT, V2, P338 SCHMIDKITSIKIS E, 1981, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V29, P23 SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x TAGERFLUSBERG, 1989, SRCD KANS CIT APR WESCHLER D, 1981, ECHELLE INTELLIGENCE WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 PU P D G COMMUNICATION PI PARIS PA 30 RUE D ARMAILLE, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0999-792X J9 ANAE JI A N A E-Approche Neuropsychol. Apprentiss. Enfant PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UC113 UT WOS:A1995UC11300004 ER PT J AU Jansen, LMC Wied, CCG VanEngeland, H AF Jansen, LMC Wied, CCG VanEngeland, H TI Autism and autistic-like disorders: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system as a model for research SO ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA LA Dutch DT Article DE autism; MCDD; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system; cortisol; stress ID PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; CHILDHOOD; STRESS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; VOLUNTEERS; CHILDREN AB Autism and autistic-like disorders: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system as a model for research. In this article an overview is given of the the differential diagnosis of autism and autistic-like disorders. The diagnosis of the so-called 'Multiple Complex Developmental Disorders' (MCDD) as a distinct entity is discussed in relation to autism and schizophrenia. Biological research and the relevance of results until recently are discussed. Finally, the importance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system (HPA system) as a model for research is proposed. Research on the flexibility of this this system may contribute in understanding the ways of stress processing in disorders like autism, MCDD and schizophrenia. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,ACAD ZIEKENHUIS,AFDELING KINDER JEUGDPSYCHIAT,ONDERZOEKSSCH RUDOLF MAGNUS INST,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Jansen, Lucres/D-7754-2015 CR BREIER A, 1988, PSYCHIAT RES, V25, P187, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(88)90050-9 BREIER A, 1989, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V26, P438, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90066-8 COHEN DJ, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P545 COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 DEKLOET ER, 1988, TIJDSCHR NVKC, V13, P61 FRIDE E, 1986, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V37, P681, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(86)90172-1 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01531587 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO HOL T, 1994, DISTURBED SOCIAL BEH, P105 Hoshino Y., 1987, JAP J PSYCHIATR NEUR, V41, P228 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KIRSCHBAUM C, 1994, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V19, P313, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(94)90013-2 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PRIOR MR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P8, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.8 RICHDALE AL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01048245 RUTTER M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01537622 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 VANDERGAAG RJ, 1993, MULTIPLEX DEV DISORD VANENGELAND H, 1994, SCHIZOPHR RES, V11, P197 WATKINS JM, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00759.x WOLFF S, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P620, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.5.620 Yamazaki K., 1971, JAPAN J CHILD ADOLES, V12, P275 YOUNG JG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01531305 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 PU REED HEALTHCARE COMMUNICATIONS PI AMSTERDAM PA P O BOX 1126, 1000 AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2708 J9 ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATR JI Acta Neuropsychiatr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 106 EP 113 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA TM959 UT WOS:A1995TM95900001 ER PT J AU KELLNER, MH TUTIN, J AF KELLNER, MH TUTIN, J TI A SCHOOL-BASED ANGER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPMENTALLY AND EMOTIONALLY DISABLED HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS SO ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Young-Adult-Institute Conference on Social Work and Disabilities CY MAY, 1994 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Young Adult Inst AB Using Novaco's cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of anger, several practitioners developed cognitive-behavioral approaches for effectively intervening with aggressive youth. However, little attention has been paid to using these approaches with young people whose cognitive, emotional, and behavioral limitations appear to preclude them from benefiting from these interventions. A group program at a special school has demonstrated that older adolescents and young adults with diagnoses such as pervasive developmental delay, mental retardation, and autism can benefit from such a model if it is modified to meet their special learning needs. Through the use of daily logs, group reinforcement, role playing, skill building and relaxation techniques, normalizing anger, and providing liaison to classrooms, multiply handicapped students were able to learn the physiology, triggers, and consequences of anger as well as to develop coping strategies for managing their anger, while reducing aggressive acting out. Most of these students will enter protective work and residential settings in the future, and possessing these skills will facilitate their successful placement and increase the likelihood that some will succeed in entering some aspect of the adult mainstream. CR American Psychological Association, 1993, VIOL YOUTH PSYCH RES Benson B., 1992, TEACHING ANGER MANAG BERG B, 1992, ANGER CONTROL STORIE FEINDLER EL, 1984, COGNITIVE THER RES, V8, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF01173000 FEINDLER EL, 1991, CHILD ADOLESCENT THE Feindler EL, 1986, ADOLESCENT ANGER CON Goldstein AP, 1987, AGGRESSION REPLACEME *I MENT HLTH IN, 1988, LEARN MAN ANG RETH W KENDALL PC, 1993, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V61, P235, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.61.2.235 KOOP CE, 1992, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V267, P3075, DOI 10.1001/jama.267.22.3075 Novaco R.W., 1975, ANGER CONTROL DEV EV ROSE SD, 1987, WORKING CHILDREN ADO WHITMAN TL, 1991, CHILD ADOLESCENT THE NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 PU LIBRA PUBLISHERS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 3089C CLAIREMONT DR SUITE 383, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 SN 0001-8449 J9 ADOLESCENCE JI Adolescence PD WIN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 120 BP 813 EP 825 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TD751 UT WOS:A1995TD75100005 PM 8588518 ER PT J AU AWAD, GA AF AWAD, GA TI AN OUTPATIENT TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM AB An outpatient treatment program for young children with pervasive developmental disorder is described. It consists of sessions with parents and child to help the child develop social and communications skills, intensive instruction in basic life skills, and exposure to normal social interactions within a day-care or preschool facility. Coordination among clinicians, parents, preschool staff, and speech and occupational therapists is essential. RP AWAD, GA (reprint author), HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,555 UNIV AVE,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1986, DSM II American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DSM 3 R American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DSM 3 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, P33 Bowlby J, 1969, ATTACHMENT Ekstein R., 1966, CHILDREN TIME SPACE FREUD S, 1911, STANDARD EDITION, P212 GHUMAN K, 1992, ZERO 3, V13, P27 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x GREENBERGER PA, 1992, IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN, V12, P1 Greenspan S. I., 1992, INFANCY EARLY CHILDH GREENSPAN SI, 1989, COURSE LIFE, V1 *GROUP ADV PSYCH, 1967, PSYCH DIS CHILDH THE HOBSON RP, 1991, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, P1 KALMANSON B, 1992, ZERO TO 3, V13, P21 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Lichtenberg J., 1983, PSYCHOANALYSIS INFAN Mahler M, 1968, HUMAN SYMBIOSIS VICI Mahler M., 1975, PSYCHOL BIRTH HUMAN MASSIE H, 1984, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 ROGERS SJ, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P207, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00010 Rutter M., 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P545 Sander LW, 1975, EXPLORATIONS CHILD P, P129 SHANOK R, 1992, ZERO 3, V13, P16 SHAPIRO T, 1991, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, P19 Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD SZATMARI P, 1991, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, P81 SZUREK SA, 1973, CLIN STUDIES CHILDHO TUSTIN F, 1991, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V72, P585 WEIDMANN B, 1992, TUMORDIAGN THER, V13, P10 Winnicott DW., 1979, MATURATIONAL PROCESS NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ASSN ADVAN PSYCHOTHERAPY PI BRONX PA BELFER EDUC CENTER, ROOM 402 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED 1300 MORRIS PARK AVE, BRONX, NY 10461-1602 SN 0002-9564 J9 AM J PSYCHOTHER JI Am. J. Psychother. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 49 IS 1 BP 28 EP 46 PG 19 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RE821 UT WOS:A1995RE82100005 PM 7762697 ER PT J AU Byrne, JM Dywan, CA Connolly, JF AF Byrne, JM Dywan, CA Connolly, JF TI Assessment of children's receptive vocabulary using event-related brain potentials: Development of a clinically valid test SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL-PALSY AB The combined verbal and motor impairments characteristic of children with disorders such as Cerebral Palsy (CP) frequently compromise the accuracy of standard psychometric assessments. What is needed is a test to measure language that does not require verbal or motor responses. This study was designed to determine whether single-word receptive vocabulary could be assessed in young children without CP, using an ERP-compatible test based on Form M of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - Revised (PPVT-R). Fifteen 10-year-old children with normal levels of psychometric intelligence participated. Ninety pictures were selected from the PPVT-R (Form M), representing three levels of single-word receptive vocabulary (Preschool, Child-Adolescent, Adult). Each picture was presented twice (pseudo-random), once paired with a spoken word that was semantically congruent with the picture and once paired with a semantically incongruent word. The children's N400 was significantly larger to incongruent than to congruent pairs, but only when the vocabulary was within their repertoire. The results are discussed in terms of electrophysiologic correlates of acquired language and the clinical use of this ERP test as an adjunct to assessing patients with moderate to severe communication and/or motor impairments (e.g., cerebral palsy, autism, head injury). C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,IWK,HALIFAX,NS,CANADA. DALHOUSIE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HALIFAX,NS B3H 3J5,CANADA. 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PD DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.1080/09297049508400226 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA TY626 UT WOS:A1995TY62600005 ER PT J AU Brown, WT AF Brown, WT TI Perspectives and molecular diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; FMR-I LOCUS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CGG-REPEAT; DNA ANALYSIS; CAG REPEAT; GENE; INSTABILITY; SEQUENCE; AUTISM AB The fragile X syndrome is the most common mendelianly inherited form of mental retardation. The underlying mutation is usually a triplet repeat (CGG) that is variable in length and undergoes a tremendous length amplification in affected individuals. The mutation leads to absence expression of a gene, which apparently functions as an RNA binding protein. Molecular diagnostic testing for the mutation is conducted using direct genomic Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction. 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Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 859 EP & PG 20 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA TN059 UT WOS:A1995TN05900006 PM 8838227 ER PT J AU SALTMARSH, R MITCHELL, P ROBINSON, E AF SALTMARSH, R MITCHELL, P ROBINSON, E TI REALISM AND CHILDRENS EARLY GRASP OF MENTAL REPRESENTATION - BELIEF-BASED JUDGMENTS IN THE STATE CHANGE TASK SO COGNITION LA English DT Article ID FALSE BELIEF; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CONCEPTUAL DEFICIT; DECEPTION; MIND; PRESCHOOLERS; DIFFICULTY; KNOWLEDGE; AUTISM AB In a standard deceptive box procedure, children aged around 3 years typically fail to acknowledge their own prior false beliefs, For example, they judge incorrectly that they had initially thought a Smarties tube contained pencils after discovering these to be the actual content. Wimmer and Hart (1991) showed that children were more likely to answer correctly in a variant of this task known as a ''state change'', procedure. In this task, they saw that a container held its expected content (so the initial belief was true) before this was exchanged for something atypical. This appears to offer powerful evidence suggesting that children who fail the standard task do not understand about belief. However, we argue against this view. In a series of 4 experiments, we show that when children see the expected contents before these are swapped for something atypical, this not only makes it easier to report their own and a puppet's initial true belief but also a puppet's current false belief. The results are consistent with the ''reality masking hypothesis'', according to which facilitation is due to the belief option being linked with a physical counterpart in the state change procedure. C1 UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PSYCHOL,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. UNIV COLL SWANSEA,DEPT PSYCHOL,SWANSEA SA2 8PP,W GLAM,WALES. 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PD DEC PY 1995 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1183 EP 1183 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TH101 UT WOS:A1995TH10100035 ER PT J AU Plumet, MH Goldblum, MC Leboyer, M AF Plumet, MH Goldblum, MC Leboyer, M TI Verbal skills in relatives of autistic females SO CORTEX LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATIONS; INDIVIDUALS; HYPOTHESIS; ASYMMETRY; PATHOLOGY AB First-degree relatives of 26 autistic females and 26 Down's syndrome females were tested on a battery of verbal tasks designed to detect subtle anomalies. No differences were found when comparing parents of the two groups, but there was a significant difference between siblings. This result was accounted for by a lower performance of the brothers of autistic subjects. The verbal scores of the relatives, either parents or siblings, were not related to the IQ of the proband. 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Research strongly suggests that this disorder results from neurological anomalies or deficits. However, both the specific neural systems involved in autism, and the most pertinent behavioral functions of those systems remains unclear. One current topic of debate concerns the degree to which the social disturbance of autism may result from developmental anomalies in neurological systems that subserve cognitive, or affective processes. In this paper a model of the neurological, cognitive, and affective processes involved in the pathogenesis of autism will be described in the context of an attempt to understand dissociations in the early social-skill development of these children. Young children with autism are better able to use social-communication gestures to request objects or events than they are able to use similar gesture simply to initiate joint or socially shared attention relative to an object or event. An integration of recent research suggests that joint attention skill development differs from requesting skill development with regard to affective and cognitive processes that may be associated with frontal and midbrain neurological systems. In particular, this integration of the literature suggests the following: (a) there is a specific neurological subsystem that regulates and promotes what are called social-emotional approach behaviors; (b) the tendency to initiate joint attention bids is prototypical of a social-emotional approach behavior; and (c) attenuation of social-approach behaviors in children with autism leads to a specific impoverishment of social information processing opportunities. This impoverishment has a lifelong negative effect on the social cognitive development of these children. RP MUNDY, P (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI, DEPT PSYCHOL, POB 248185, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA. 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PD WIN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 63 EP 82 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QW179 UT WOS:A1995QW17900005 ER PT J AU CAPPS, L SIGMAN, M YIRMIYA, N AF CAPPS, L SIGMAN, M YIRMIYA, N TI SELF-COMPETENCE AND EMOTIONAL UNDERSTANDING IN HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIAL DEFICITS; ADULTS; COMPREHENSION; ADOLESCENTS; DEPRESSION; PRIDE AB This study examined the relationships between perceived self-competence, intellectual ability, emotional understanding, and parent report of social adaptation in 18 nonretarded children with autism. Children who perceived themselves as less socially competent demonstrated stronger intellectual capabilities, greater understanding of others' emotional experiences, and were better able to access their own emotional experiences than were those who perceived themselves as more socially competent. 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PD WIN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QW179 UT WOS:A1995QW17900009 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, W BARONCOHEN, S RUTTER, M AF PHILLIPS, W BARONCOHEN, S RUTTER, M TI TO WHAT EXTENT CAN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM UNDERSTAND DESIRE SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIND; ACQUISITION; DEFICITS; EMOTION; BELIEFS; DELAY AB Previous studies of theory of mind abilities in young people with autism have found that their understanding of false belief is specifically impaired, but that simple aspects of desire are understood in line with mental age. We explored the possibility that more complex aspects of desire (in which comparison of goals with outcomes is not a sufficient strategy) are not understood by children with autism. In two experiments, we found that these children were specifically impaired in understanding desire satisfaction and desire change, when compared with children with mental handicap and normal 4-6-year-olds. 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M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND WELLMAN HM, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P245, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90024-E YUILL N, 1984, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V2, P73 NR 57 TC 13 Z9 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 151 EP 169 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QW179 UT WOS:A1995QW17900010 ER PT J AU Tardif, C Plumet, MH Beaudichon, J Waller, D Bouvard, M Leboyer, M AF Tardif, C Plumet, MH Beaudichon, J Waller, D Bouvard, M Leboyer, M TI Micro-analysis of social interactions between autistic children and normal adults in semi-structured play situations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ETHOLOGICAL APPROACH; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; ATTENTION; LANGUAGE; DEFICITS AB The present study was designed to: (I) identify the qualitative and temporal characteristics of the exchange structures of autistic children interacting with an adult; and (2) analyse and compare the implementation of their interactive behaviour in a range of play situations. Ten autistic children aged 5 to 14 were video-taped while interacting with an adult in four play situations, with or without objects. The elementary behavioural events observed in the dyads were coded and processed on a computer by an automatic pattern detection program. The results showed that in this structured situation the autistic children engaged in a variety of behaviours for communicating with the adult, and that 8 of the 10 children repeatedly exhibited structures of interaction. These patterns were found to depend on IQ, but involved a certain number of peculiar characteristics (parasitic behaviours, lack of initiative, maladapted visual behaviour, etc.), even for the children with the highest IQ scores. The physical interaction situations gave rise to fewer and less elaborate patterns than the situations involving objects. Only the most advanced children participated in the joint-attention situation. The implications of the method for understanding the abnormal development of interaction in autism are discussed. C1 HOP ROBERT DEBRE,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE. HOP LA PITIE SALPETRIERE,CNRS,URA 1957,PARIS,FRANCE. RP Tardif, C (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 05,CNRS,URA 1353,46 RUE ST JACQUES,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. CR BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BEAUDICHON J, 1991, B PSYCHOL, V44, P399 Bruner J. S., 1983, DEV ENFANT SAVOIR FA BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL PREMIERE BUITELAAR JK, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01925.x CLARK P, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P201 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 DEROCQUEFEUIL G, 1984, PSYCHOL MED, V16, P297 Garrigues P. J. M., 1982, J ANIMAL ETHOLOGY, V2, P197 HOWLIN P, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI, pCH6 KLIN A, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MAGNUSSON MS, 1989, SCI TECH ANIM LAB, V14, P143 Magnusson MS, 1988, REV CONDITIONS TRAVA, P284 MCHALE SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P300 MONTAGNER H, 1982, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V30, P153 MONTAGNER H, 1990, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V33, P391 MONTAGNER H, 1985, ETHOLOGIE DEV ENFANT Montagner H., 1978, ENFANT COMMUNICATION Mundy P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF01487065 Nadel J, 1986, IMITATION COMMUNICAT PAPONDI D, 1992, 5TH EUR C DEV PSYCH PEDERSEN J, 1989, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V80, P346, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02991.x RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x SCHOPLER E, 1989, STRATEGIES ED AUTISM Schopler E, 1979, PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL PR SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Seibert J. M., 1982, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V3, P244, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(198224)3:4<244::AID-IMHJ2280030406>3.0.CO;2-R SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x TIEGERMAN E, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P425 Trevarthen C., 1989, AUTISME TROUBLES DEV VANDROMME L, 1987, THESIS U PARIS 5 VANENGELAND H, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P879 Volkmar F. R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x VYGOTSKII LS, 1985, PENSEE LANGAGE WATSON LR, 1982, TOP LANG DISORD, V3, P1 WECHSLER D, 1981, MANUEL ECHELLE INTEL WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0165-0254 J9 INT J BEHAV DEV JI Int. J. Behav. Dev. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 727 EP 747 PG 21 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TM116 UT WOS:A1995TM11600009 ER PT J AU Lalli, JS Mace, FC Wohn, T Livezey, K AF Lalli, JS Mace, FC Wohn, T Livezey, K TI Identification and modification of a response-class hierarchy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE response-class hierarchy; response covariation ID REINFORCER RATE; BEHAVIORS; COVARIATION; STUDENTS; QUALITY AB We evaluated the effects of extinction and negative reinforcement on the latency of response-class members following requests made to a 15-year-old female with moderate mental retardation and autism. A functional analysis showed that the class members (screams, aggression, and self-injury) were escape maintained. Informal observations suggested that these topographies generally occurred in the sequence listed above and therefore may have been hierarchically related. A therapist provided escape from demands contingent on a specific member of the class to determine the effects on the latency of the members' occurrence. Results showed that the latencies occurred in a predictable order. In addition, we expanded the response class to include a vocal response that was functionally equivalent to other members. Findings are discussed regarding the covariation and sequence of response-class members and treatment development. C1 UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. CR ALLISON J, 1974, LEARN MOTIV, V5, P231, DOI 10.1016/0023-9690(74)90029-0 Baer D. M., 1982, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 Catania A. C., 1992, LEARNING HERRSTEIN RJ, 1970, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V13, P243, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1970.13-243 HORNER RH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P719, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-719 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 LALLI JS, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P261, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-261 LALLI JS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-227 MACE FC, 1994, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V61, P529, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1994.61-529 NEEF NA, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P37, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-37 NEEF NA, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P691, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-691 PARRISH JM, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P241, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-241 PREMACK D, 1959, PSYCHOL REV, V66, P219, DOI 10.1037/h0040891 REPP AC, 1989, BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMEN, V2, P249 Skinner B., 1969, CONTINGENCIES REINFO SPRAGUE JR, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P735, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-735 NR 17 TC 56 Z9 56 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 551 EP 559 DI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-551 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA TN447 UT WOS:A1995TN44700015 PM 16795881 ER PT J AU Sevin, JA Matson, JL Coe, D Love, SR Matese, MJ Benavidez, DA AF Sevin, JA Matson, JL Coe, D Love, SR Matese, MJ Benavidez, DA TI Empirically derived subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders: A cluster analytic study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM RATING-SCALE; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DSM-III; CHILDREN; FENFLURAMINE; CLASSIFICATION; ADOLESCENTS; OUTPATIENTS; DIAGNOSIS AB A cluster analytic study was conducted to empirically derive behaviorally homogeneous subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Subjects were clustered based on a broad range of behavioral symptoms which characterize autism. Behavioral variables were measured using several of the standardized psychometric instruments most commonly employed in assessing autistic individuals. The cluster solution indicated the presence of four distinct groups. Validity checks generally confirmed significant between-group differences on independent measures of social, language, and stereotyped behaviors. In addition, the four-group cluster solution was compared to previously developed typological systems of PDD (i.e., subcategories based on la early onset, styles of social interaction, and DSM-III-R diagnosis). Results generally supported both the behavioral homogeneity of the four subgroups and also several important between-group differences. The potential utility of using cluster analyses to explore subtypes of PDD is discussed. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. CR Aldenderfer MS, 1984, CLUSTER ANAL AMAN MG, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P549, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00014 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AUGUST GJ, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P342, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00011 AUGUST GJ, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P97, DOI 10.1007/BF01837901 Beale EML, 1969, CLUSTER ANAL BORGEN FH, 1987, J COUNS PSYCHOL, V34, P456, DOI 10.1037/0022-0167.34.4.456 COMREY AL, 1985, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V20, P273, DOI 10.1207/s15327906mbr2003_3 FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GARFIN DG, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02212193 Grossman H. J., 1983, CLASSIFICATION MENTA HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LAMBERT NM, 1975, AAMD ADAPTIVE BEHAVI Lorr M., 1983, CLUSTER ANAL SOCIAL MATSON JL, 1989, CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENI MATSON JL, 1988, TREATING CHILDHOOD A MATSON JL, 1991, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI MESIBOV GB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P538, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00012 MILLIGAN GW, 1985, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V50, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF02294245 PERRY A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02212717 POMEROY JC, 1991, J AM ACADEMY CHILD A, V29, P152 RESCORLA L, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P475, DOI 10.1007/BF02211868 Ritvo E. M., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P162 RITVO ER, 1984, J PEDIATR-US, V105, P823, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80316-9 RITVO ER, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P549, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00006 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 Romesburg H. C., 1984, CLUSTER ANAL RES RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4 Sarle WS, 1983, CUBIC CLUSTERING CRI SAS, 1988, SAS STAT US GUID REL Sattler JM, 1988, ASSESSMENT CHILDRENS Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SCHOPLER E, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF01537862 SCHREIBMAN L, 1983, HDB CHILD PSCYOPATHO SEVIN JA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF02206868 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPITZER RL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P855, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00003 SZATMARI P, 1989, LITERATURE REV DSM I SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206853 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb01758.x VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 WARD JH, 1963, J AM STAT ASSOC, V58, P236, DOI 10.2307/2282967 WING L, 1987, HDB AUTISM WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 54 TC 41 Z9 41 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 561 EP 578 DI 10.1007/BF02178188 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TM433 UT WOS:A1995TM43300001 PM 8720027 ER PT J AU Hauck, M Fein, D Waterhouse, L Feinstein, C AF Hauck, M Fein, D Waterhouse, L Feinstein, C TI Social initiations by autistic children to adults and other children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; LANGUAGE; COMPREHENSION; COMMUNICATION; PRESCHOOLERS; PLAY AB Social initiations made by autistic and verbal-matched retarded children were recorded in two naturalistic situations. Frequencies of initiation to adults did not differ between groups, but the retarded children initiated much more frequently to peers. Most interactions for both groups were positive, but the autistic children engaged in more ritualized, and the retarded children more playful, initiations. The autistic children monitored the social environment more when forced into proximity with peers, whereas the retarded children initiated more in the unstructured situation. Autistic initiation to peers was unrelated to severity of autism, but was related to cognitive skills, including vocabulary and comprehension of affect, whereas retarded children's initiations were unrelated to cognitive level. Results are discussed in terms of the differences between adults and children as social stimuli, prerequisite skills for initiation to peers, and the relationship between social cognition and social behavior. It is suggested that autistic and retarded children differ in the quantity of their initiations to peers, and the quality of their initiations to adults, and that initiations to peers may be a particularly useful index of social development in autistic children. Results confirm the need of autistic children for highly structured social environments, and suggest an important role for the remediation of specific cognitive skills such as comprehension of others' affects. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PSYCHOL,STORRS,CT 06268. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. TRENTON STATE COLL,TRENTON,NJ 08625. KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,BALTIMORE,MD. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BRADY MP, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF01487067 BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 CHARLOP MH, 1983, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V11, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF00914244 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 DAWSON G, IN PRESS J ABNORMAL Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FEIN D, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1157, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00935.x FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACADEMY CHILD A, V25, P98 HARING TG, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P58 HOBSON RP, 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P343 LEWY AL, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF00911240 LORD C, 1984, APPLIED DEV PSYCHOL LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P449 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MCHALE SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF02408289 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 OKE NJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02216054 PRIZANT BM, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P472, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00002 RAPIN I, IN PRESS CLIN DEV ME SHERMAN M, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P511, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00001 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF02216051 STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P513, DOI 10.1007/BF02216056 Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL UNGERER J, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO Volkmar F. R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WING L, 1987, HDB AUTISM WING L, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C NR 36 TC 81 Z9 80 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 579 EP 595 DI 10.1007/BF02178189 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TM433 UT WOS:A1995TM43300002 PM 8720028 ER PT J AU Vazquez, CA AF Vazquez, CA TI Failure to confirm the word-retrieval problem hypothesis in facilitated communication SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Two hypotheses were raised and empirically tested to account for the failure of previous controlled validation studies to find evidence of literacy in nonspeaking persons with autism using facilitated communication: (a) The naming tasks used in other studies have triggered specific ''word retrieval'' problems, or anemia, and (b) a perceptual problem, visual agnosia, prevents subjects from recognizing objects without touching them. Three nonspeaking autistic children who had used facilitation for at least 2 years were evaluated with four experimentally controlled tasks, over a period of 5 months. In descriptive and object handling tasks, and in a traditional picture identification task, subjects failed to type correct answers when facilitators were blind; one subject, however occasionally engaged in signing and vocalizations that were context-appropriate. Results reflected a generalized language deficit, rather than isolated word-finding or perceptual difficulties and were consistent with many previous studies revealing facilitator cuing. Questions are raised about inconsistencies in pseudo-correct scores, a measure of facilitator influence, reported here and in previous research. RP Vazquez, CA (reprint author), SUNY COLL NEW PALTZ,DEPT PSYCHOL,314 FAC TOWER,NEW PALTZ,NY 12561, USA. CR Biklen D, 1991, DISABILITY HANDICAP, V6, P161, DOI 10.1080/02674649166780231 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 CROSSLEY R, 1988, INT SOC AUGMENTATIVE CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 DENCKLA MB, 1976, BRAIN LANG, V3, P1, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(76)90001-8 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA German D.J., 1982, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V13, P223 HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, INV REL VAL ASS COMM Kail R., 1986, ASHA MONOGRAPHS, V25 MARKS H, 1993, AM ASS MENTAL RETARD MATTIS S, 1975, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V17, P150 MCGREGOR KK, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P141 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P531, DOI 10.1007/BF01046054 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SCARBOROUGH HS, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V33, P70 SHANE H, 1994, APR NEW YORK STAT SP Shane H. C., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P48 SIMON EW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P647, DOI 10.1007/BF02172144 VAZQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF02172234 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 Wiig E., 1982, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V13, P11 Wiig E., 1984, LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 597 EP 610 DI 10.1007/BF02178190 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TM433 UT WOS:A1995TM43300003 PM 8720029 ER PT J AU Nir, I Meir, D Zilber, N Knobler, H Hadjez, J Lerner, Y AF Nir, I Meir, D Zilber, N Knobler, H Hadjez, J Lerner, Y TI Brief report: Circadian melatonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and cortisol levels in serum of young adults with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BLOOD SEROTONIN; CHILDREN; BRAIN; RAT; RHYTHMICITY; PLASMA AB An abnormal circadian pattern of melatonin was found in a group of young adults with an extreme autism syndrome. Although not out of phase, the serum melatonin levels differed from normal in amplitude and mesor. Marginal changes in diurnal rhythms of serum TSH and possibly prolactin were also recorded. Subjects with seizures tended to have an abnormal pattern of melatonin correlated with EEG changes. In others, a parallel was evidenced between thyroid function and impairment in verbal communication. There appears to be a tendency for various types of neuroendocrinological abnormalities in autistics, and melatonin, as well as possibly TSH and perhaps prolactin, could serve as biochemical variables of the biological parameters of the disease. C1 EITANIM PSYCHIAT HOSP, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. RP Nir, I (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, HADASSAH MED SCH, DEPT PHARMACOL, POB 12065, IL-91010 JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. 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PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 641 EP 654 DI 10.1007/BF02178193 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TM433 UT WOS:A1995TM43300006 PM 8720032 ER PT J AU Lenti, C Peruzzi, C Bianchini, E AF Lenti, C Peruzzi, C Bianchini, E TI The association between autism and fragile X syndrome: A case report SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; 4TH VENTRICLE; CEREBELLUM; HYPOPLASIA; FREQUENCY; RESPONSES; LESIONS; RAT; CAT C1 OSPED IST SAN RAFFAELE,SERV NEURORADIOL,MILAN,ITALY. RP Lenti, C (reprint author), UNIV MILAN,IST SCI NEUROL & PSICHIATRICHE INFANZIA & ADOLESC,VIA GF BESTA 1,I-20161 MILAN,ITALY. 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PD DEC PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1007/BF02178194 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TM433 UT WOS:A1995TM43300007 PM 8720033 ER PT J AU McDougle, CJ Brodkin, ES Yeung, PP Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Price, LH AF McDougle, CJ Brodkin, ES Yeung, PP Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Price, LH TI Risperidone in adults with autism or pervasive developmental disorder SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; PLACEBO; HALOPERIDOL; FLUID; DESIPRAMINE; THERAPY AB Preliminary evidence is presented for the possible clinical value of risperidone in the treatment of 3 adults with autistic disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, Two males (ages 20 and 31 years) with autistic disorder and one female (age 44 years) with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified showed significant improvement in social relatedness, repetitive thoughts and behavior, and impulsive aggression with risperidone treatment (2-8 mg daily), Clinical improvement has been maintained for a minimum of 1 year in all 3 cases, These findings are consistent with previous evidence suggesting that serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission may be relevant to the treatment and possibly the pathophysiology of some symptoms of pervasive developmental disorders. RP McDougle, CJ (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CLIN NEUROSCI RES UNIT,CONNECTICUT MENTAL HLTH CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519, USA. 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Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.273 PG 10 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA TU678 UT WOS:A1995TU67800004 ER PT J AU Steed, SE Bigelow, KM Huynen, KB Lutzker, JR AF Steed, SE Bigelow, KM Huynen, KB Lutzker, JR TI The effects of planned activities training, low-demand schedule, and reinforcement sampling on adults with developmental disabilities who exhibit challenging behaviors SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE planned activity training; low-demand schedule; mental retardation; autism; dual diagnosis ID FAMILIES AB A case study is described in which Planned Activities Training (PAT), a low-demand schedule, and reinforcement sampling were used to decrease challenging behaviors in two adults with developmental disabilities. The two participants in the study were selected for the intervention based on their seriously challenging behaviors and the potential threat of injury to others. Data were collected on frequency of aggression and throwing for one of the participants, and aggression for the other participant during pre- and postintervention. A combined intervention of PAT (a treatment component consisting of advance preparation for activities, establishing rules, incidental teaching, and performance feedback), a low-demand schedule (with a gradual increase in demands as challenging behaviors decrease), and reinforcement sampling was provided for each participant. Following implementation of the intervention, data clearly demonstrated a decrease in frequency of challenging behaviors exhibited by both participants, suggesting that use of this combined intervention was instrumental in obtained change. A review of the value and limitations of a case study is examined, with suggestions made for future research. C1 BEHAV CHANGE ASSOCIATES PROJECT ECOSYST,GARDEN GROVE,CA. UNIV JUDAISM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90077. RP Steed, SE (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66044, USA. CR DUCHARME JM, 1993, BEHAV THER, V24, P209, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80264-3 HARROLD M, 1992, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V23, P89, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(92)90006-5 HART B, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P407 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI LUTZKER JR, 1994, ECOBEHAVIORAL FAMILY MCGEE GG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-329 SANDERS MR, 1984, BEHAV MODIF, V1, P25 SANDERS MR, 1982, BEHAV THER, V13, P452, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(82)80007-5 SANDERS MR, 1987, PLANNED ACTIVITIES T SANDERS MR, 1989, BEHAV MODIF, V13, P283, DOI 10.1177/01454455890133001 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 TOUCHETTE PE, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P175, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-175 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1007/BF02578433 PG 14 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA TL304 UT WOS:A1995TL30400003 ER PT J AU Ghaziuddin, M Shakal, J Tsai, L AF Ghaziuddin, M Shakal, J Tsai, L TI Obstetric factors in Asperger syndrome: Comparison with high-functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Asperger syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder widely regarded as a mild variant of autism. To investigate if AS is associated with a history of fewer obstetric insults compared to autism, we examined the developmental history and obstetric records of 10 males with AS (mean full scale IQ 95.3), and compared them with 10 autistic males with a full scale IQ of 70 or above (so-called high-functioning autism; mean full scale IQ 82.6). Males with AS showed a trend toward lower Apgar scores at one minute (chi-square=4; df=1; P=0.04) and were more likely to have been born to mothers outside the optimal age group of 20-30 years (chi-square=5; df=1; P=0.02). They were also less likely to have been irritable and floppy as infants (chi-square=3.8; df=1; P=0.05). However, the total optimality scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. RP Ghaziuddin, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,BOX 0390,1500 E MED CTR DR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531816 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LEVY S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P573, DOI 10.1007/BF02211875 RICKARBY G, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF02207330 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE TSAI LY, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P179 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organization, 1990, INT CLASS DIS, V10th NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 39 BP 538 EP 543 PN 6 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA TL745 UT WOS:A1995TL74500010 PM 8746742 ER PT J AU MOURIDSEN, SE SORENSEN, SA AF MOURIDSEN, SE SORENSEN, SA TI PSYCHOLOGICAL-ASPECTS OF VON RECKLINGHAUSEN NEUROFIBROMATOSIS (NF1) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Review ID VONRECKLINGHAUSEN NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; TYPE-1; CHILDREN; GENE; POPULATION; AUTISM; MRI AB Neurofibromatosis is a devasting autosomal dominant disease which is extremely variable in its symptomatology, intensity, and progression. There have been numerous reports published about the physical aspects of neurofibromatosis, while psychological issues have been given little attention so far. The present article presents a review of the current knowledge concerning psychological aspects of neurofibromatosis. Information is provided relating to physical appearance, intellectual impairment, neuropsychological findings, learning disability, and psychiatric disorders. C1 PANUM INST,INST MED GENET,DK-2200 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. RP MOURIDSEN, SE (reprint author), BISPEBJERG HOSP,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,DK-2400 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. CR BARKER D, 1987, SCIENCE, V236, P1100, DOI 10.1126/science.3107130 BENJAMIN CM, 1993, J MED GENET, V30, P567, DOI 10.1136/jmg.30.7.567 BULL R, 1990, BR PSYCHOL SOC NEWSL, V7, P10 CHUDLEY AE, 1987, AM J MED GENET, V28, P13, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320280103 DEFRIES JC, 1976, ANNU REV GENET, V10, P179, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ge.10.120176.001143 DION K, 1972, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V24, P285, DOI 10.1037/h0033731 DUFFNER PK, 1989, NEUROLOGY, V39, P373 DUNN DW, 1987, CURR PROBL PEDIATR, V17, P451, DOI 10.1016/0045-9380(87)90009-0 DUNN EH, 1989, CORNELL LAB ORNITH L, V2, P1 ELDRIDGE R, 1989, AM J DIS CHILD, V143, P833 Eliason M J, 1988, Neurofibromatosis, V1, P17 ELIASON MJ, 1986, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V7, P175 FERNER RE, 1993, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V56, P492, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.56.5.492 Ferner R. E., 1994, P233 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01487072 GARTY BZ, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P853, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.11.853 GILLBERG C, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408551 HEILMAN KM, 1986, J NEUROSURG, V64, P693, DOI 10.3171/jns.1986.64.5.0693 Hett D A, 1989, J R Nav Med Serv, V75, P139 HUSON SM, 1988, BRAIN, V111, P1355, DOI 10.1093/brain/111.6.1355 LEGIUS E, 1994, GENET COUNSEL, V5, P51 MOORE BD, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P368 Mouridsen S E, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P15 NORTH K, 1993, J CHILD NEUROL, V8, P395 Riccardi V, 1992, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS PH SAMUELSSON B, 1989, Neurofibromatosis, V2, P84 ROBACK HB, 1981, INT J PSYCHIAT MED, V11, P137 SAMONGOSPROUSE CA, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V43, pA68 SAMUELSSON B, 1989, Neurofibromatosis, V2, P6 Samuelsson B, 1981, Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh), V95, P67 SAMUELSSON B, 1989, Neurofibromatosis, V2, P78 SEIZINGER BR, 1987, CELL, V49, P589, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90534-4 SORENSEN SA, 1986, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V486, P30 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 STINE SB, 1989, CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R, V245, P43 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 UPADHYAYA M, 1992, J MED GENET, V29, P180, DOI 10.1136/jmg.29.3.180 VARNHAGEN CK, 1988, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V9, P257 VOELLER KKS, 1995, J CHILD NEUROL, V10, pS16 VOELLER KKS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1004 WADSBY M, 1989, Neurofibromatosis, V2, P251 WALLACE MR, 1990, SCIENCE, V249, P181, DOI 10.1126/science.2134734 WALZER S, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P177 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P575 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 32 IS 12 BP 921 EP 924 DI 10.1136/jmg.32.12.921 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TJ588 UT WOS:A1995TJ58800001 PM 8825915 ER PT J AU Ackland, MJ Wade, RW AF Ackland, MJ Wade, RW TI Health status of Victorian special school children (vol 31, pg 423, 1995) SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Correction, Addition ID FRAGILE-X AB Objective: This study sought to determine the health status and health needs of a sample of students attending special schools for the intellectually disabled in Victoria, Australia. Methodology: Two hundred and forty-nine students not previously seen by a Community Child Health Medical Officer (CCHMO) were assessed at school. Data on student, parent and staff needs were obtained through personal interviews and documented on a standard questionnaire. Health status was documented using data obtained from parents and teachers as well as the clinical assessment. Results: Comparison of the number of problems reported by parents with the number confirmed at examination showed significant underreporting of vision, hearing and general medical problems. However, behaviour problems were nearly all reported. Many students had multiple problems with 63% having 2-4 problems and 11% having 5-8 problems. Ninety-nine (40%) of the 249 children seen had newly detected problems; vision (24), hearing (24) and obesity (9) were the most common. Two hundred and forty-four (98%) had known problems and 27% of these had insufficient information available from parents or staff to completely ascertain their health status. In 115 cases the primary problem was intellectual impairment of unknown cause. Down syndrome was the next most common underlying diagnosis (30) followed by autism (24), epilepsy (21) and cerebral palsy (15). The most common secondary diagnoses were asthma (16), congenital heart defects (12), seizures (8) and skin problems (8). Many students required referral for further management both for newly detected problems (64%) and known problems (18%). Parents required counselling and/or discussion on a number of issues for both newly detected problems (66%) and known problems (39%); when counselling had taken place parent and staff concerns had reduced significantly by the time of the follow-up assessment. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in those students with known intellectual impairment there were many with other unrecognized health problems and unmet needs. These findings have implications for health services provided to children attending special schools. C1 HLTH & COMMUNITY SERV,CHILD HLTH BRANCH,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. CR ACKLAND MJ, 1995, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V31, P423, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00851.x CULLEN RB, 1992, INTEGRATION SPECIAL LEWIS S, 1990, ARCH DIS CHILD, V65, P803 PALFREY JS, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V85, P518 PICKERING D, 1991, SPECIAL SCH STUDENTS TURNER G, 1992, LANCET, V339, P1210, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91142-U WEBB TP, 1986, J MED GENET, V23, P396, DOI 10.1136/jmg.23.5.396 1975, ED HANDICAPPED ACT 1992, 1991 CENS POP HOUSIN 1994, 1993 94 VICT DEP HLT NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1034-4810 J9 J PAEDIATR CHILD H JI J. Paediatr. Child Health PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 6 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA TP409 UT WOS:A1995TP40900029 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, RL MYLES, BS AF SIMPSON, RL MYLES, BS TI EFFECTIVENESS OF FACILITATED COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID VALIDITY AB Facilitated communication is purported to be a unique and effective communication option for individuals with autism and other severe disabilities. However, empirical validity for this claim has not been established. In an attempt to understand the utility and validity of facilitated communication, the present study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of facilitated communication in a 15-week validation study. The study was conducted with preschoolers, elementary-age children, secondary-age youth with autism, and their teachers, who served as the students' facilitators. Several participants revealed the ability to complete simple set work and related responses to requests and questions to which the facilitators knew the answers. However, students were unable to correctly respond to questions the facilitator lacked answers to. Results of the study are presented, along with a discussion of the implications of using facilitated communication with students with autism. RP SIMPSON, RL (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,3901 RAINBOW BLVD,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160, USA. 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M., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P162 Schopler E, 1990, PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL PR SCHOPLER E, 1992, AUTISM SOC N CAROLIN, V8, P6 SIMPSON RL, 1993, DIRECTOR, V8, P6 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 1992, ADVOCATE, P19 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 0022-4669 J9 J SPEC EDUC JI J. Spec. Educ. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 424 EP 439 PG 16 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA QD983 UT WOS:A1995QD98300003 ER PT J AU PETERSON, BS AF PETERSON, BS TI NEUROIMAGING IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT; LA-TOURETTES SYNDROME; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ATTENTION-DEFICIT; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Objective: To review the major findings and pathophysiological implications of imaging studies of neuropsychiatric disorders that onset in childhood or adolescence. Method: More than 200 neuroimaging studies were selected for review from Medline searches if the studies concerned developmental neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and dyslexia. Results: Disordered central nervous system development may produce evidence of cortical neuronal migration abnormalities in autism, smaller cortical structures in Down syndrome, frontal robe deficits and larger basal ganglia in schizophrenia, hypoplastic basal ganglia in Tourette's syndrome, aberrancies of the planum temporale in dyslexia, and hypoplastic cerebellar structures in numerous developmental disorders. Normal cerebral asymmetries appear to be disrupted in a number of disorders, including schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, and dyslexia. Conclusions: Neuroimaging data regarding pathological central nervous system development in childhood are still sparse, and many of the findings in developmental disorders of childhood onset concern the study of adult subjects with those disorders. Nevertheless, imaging modalities previously used only in adults are with increasing frequency being applied to the study of children, which will likely continue to contribute to the understanding of pathological brain structure and function throughout childhood and to the improved treatment of these disorders. RP PETERSON, BS (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,230 S FRONTAGE RD,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. 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10.1016/0306-4530(84)90016-7 WOLKIN A, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P959 WONG DF, 1976, SCIENCE, V234, P1558 YAZGAN MY, IN PRESS BIOL PSYCHI ZAMETKIN AJ, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P333 ZAMETKIN AJ, 1990, NEW ENGL J MED, V323, P1361, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199011153232001 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P924 NR 115 TC 48 Z9 49 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1560 EP 1576 DI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00006 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA TH670 UT WOS:A1995TH67000006 PM 8543527 ER PT J AU CARREY, NJ AF CARREY, NJ TI ITARD 1828 MEMOIRE ON MUTISM CAUSED BY A LESION OF THE INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONS - A HISTORICAL-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ITARD; MUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AB Objective: To demonstrate that Itard was one of the first clinicians to describe autism (which Itard named ''intellectual mutism'') and effectively separate these cases from mental retardation. Known for his attempts at rehabilitation of the Wild Boy of Aveyron, Itard wrote a largely unacknowledged paper in 1828 on the different causes of ''intellectual mutism,'' the result of 28 years of observations at the Institut des Sourd-Muets in Paris. Method: Itard emphasized a complete examination of the child's faculties including attention, memory, and imitative capacity. He also described the behavior of these children as unsocialized, with poor peer relationships, superficial contact with adults in order to satisfy their own needs, and difficulties in language, especially with pronouns. Results: He then described his various diagnostic and treatment approaches to determine whether the child can regain language and is educable. His description of the key features of intellectual mutism is compared to Kanner's classic description of autism. Conclusion: Itard rejected the overly inclusive diagnosis of ''idiocy'' and offered a way to distinguish children with mental retardation from those with pervasive developmental disorders, described key clinical features, and offered an assessment and treatment of these cases, all before 1830. His contribution should be recognized in textbooks of child psychiatry and developmental disorders. C1 UNIV OTTAWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,OTTAWA,ON K1N 6N5,CANADA. RP CARREY, NJ (reprint author), ROYAL OTTAWA HOSP,DEPT CHILDRENS OUTPATIENTS,1145 CARLING AVE,OTTAWA,ON K1Z 7K4,CANADA. CR BETTELHEIM B, 1971, EMPTY FORTRESS BOURNEVILLE DM, 1894, PROGR MED BRASLOW JT, 1994, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V17, P493 CARREY N, 1994, PRISME, V4, P186 DELASIAUVE L, 1865, J MED MENTALE, P197 DONNELLAN AM, 1985, CLASSIC READINGS AUT ESQUIROL JED, 1965, MALADIES MENTALES CO Foucault Michel, 1975, DISCIPLINE PUNISH FRITH U, 1989, ENIGME AUTISME GINESTE T, 1981, VICTOR AVEYRON DERNI GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 HASLAM J, 1809, OBSERVATIONS MADNESS, P185 ITARD JMG, 1828, MEMOIRES ACADEMIE RO, V1, P107 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Lane H., 1976, WILD BOY AVEYRON Misès R, 1976, Ann Med Psychol (Paris), V2, P73 PINEL P, 1800, ANALECTES TRAITE MED POSTEL J, 1980, PSYCHIATR ENFANT, V23, P251 RUTTER M, 1968, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V9, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02204.x Scheerenberger R., 1983, HIST MENTAL RETARDAT Stocking Jr George, 1968, RACE CULTURE EVOLUTI VOLKMAR F, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT VONGONTARD A, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P569 WARDLE CJ, 1991, 150 YEARS BRIT PSYCH, P279 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1655 EP 1661 DI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00016 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA TH670 UT WOS:A1995TH67000016 PM 8543537 ER PT J AU SZATMARI, P ARCHER, L FISMAN, S STREINER, DL WILSON, F AF SZATMARI, P ARCHER, L FISMAN, S STREINER, DL WILSON, F TI ASPERGERS SYNDROME AND AUTISM - DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOR, COGNITION, AND ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ASPERGERS DISORDER; DIAGNOSIS; LANGUAGE ID DISORDERS AB Objective: To determine whether subtypes of children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) differed on variables that were relatively independent of distinguishing criteria. Method: Higher-functioning children with PDD, 4 through 6 years of age, were differentiated into those with autism (n = 47) and those with Asperger's syndrome (n = 21) on the basis of delayed and deviant language development. The groups were then compared on a wide range of measures including PDD symptoms, adaptive behaviors in communication, socialization, and activities of daily living, and an assessment of verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills. Results: Significant differences between the groups existed on many PDD symptoms, adaptive behaviors, and cognitive measures of language competence, but not on aspects of nonverbal communication, nonverbal cognition, or motor development. Conclusion: Subtypes of children with PDD can be identified that differ on variables relatively independent of defining characteristics. These findings should provide a firm foundation into research to determine whether children with autism and Asperger's syndrome also differ on outcome, etiology, and response to treatment. C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL,HAMILTON,ON L8S 4L8,CANADA. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ON N6A 3K7,CANADA. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1662 EP 1671 DI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00017 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA TH670 UT WOS:A1995TH67000017 PM 8543538 ER PT J AU AMAN, MG VANBOURGONDIEN, ME WOLFORD, PL SARPHARE, G AF AMAN, MG VANBOURGONDIEN, ME WOLFORD, PL SARPHARE, G TI PSYCHOTROPIC AND ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS IN SUBJECTS WITH AUTISM - PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF USE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS; VITAMINS; EPILEPSY; ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS; DRUG PATTERNS ID SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; CLOMIPRAMINE; FLUOXETINE AB Objective: To survey the prevalence and patterns of psychotropic and anticonvulsant medication and vitamin treatments in patients with autism, Method: Caregivers of 1,595 index cases were sent survey questionnaires by mail, and repeat questionnaires were sent twice if no reply was received. Results: A total of 838 care providers (53%) responded to the survey. In all, 33.8% of the sample was taking some psychotropic drug or vitamin for autism or associated behavioral/psychiatric problems, A total of 19.2% reported having epilepsy, but only 13.2% were taking anticonvulsant drugs. More than 50% of the sample was taking some psychotropic, antiepileptic, vitamin, or ''medical'' agent. Of the agents taken, care providers were most satisfied with anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and stimulants. The use of each drug group was analyzed with respect to subject and demographic variables to evaluate medication patterns within this population, Conclusion: As in the often related clinical population of mental retardation, psychotropic medication appears to be heavily used in patients with autism. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CAROLINA LIVING & LEARNING CTR,DIV TEACCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC. 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PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1672 EP 1681 DI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00018 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA TH670 UT WOS:A1995TH67000018 PM 8543539 ER PT J AU Dunlap, G FosterJohnson, L Clarke, S Kern, L Childs, KE AF Dunlap, G FosterJohnson, L Clarke, S Kern, L Childs, KE TI Modifying activities to produce functional outcomes: Effects on the problem behaviors of students with disabilities SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS LA English DT Article DE challenging behavior; curricula; developmental disabilities; functional assessment; positive behavioral support; research; school-age subjects; special education ID RESPONSE-REINFORCER RELATIONSHIPS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; SEVERE HANDICAPS; PREFERENCES; CHOICE AB This article presents three empirical demonstrations of desirable effects that accrued from modifying curricular activities in accordance with individual students' interests. Participants were three elementary students with disabilities and diverse labels including autism, mental retardation, and emotional and behavioral disorder. In each case, the instructional objective was held constant; whereas, the context of the activity was modified so that it produced an outcome that was judged to be meaningful and reinforcing to the student. Reversal designs showed that each student exhibited less problem behavior and more on-task responding when the modified activity was presented. These results are discussed in relation to the applied and conceptual literatures on curricular design, student preference, and the expanding enterprise of positive behavioral support. C1 UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Dunlap, G (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,FLORIDA MENTAL HLTH INST,DEPT CHILD & FAMILY STUDIES,13301 BRUCE B DOWNS BLVD,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. 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S., 1986, RES METHODS APPL BEH, P157 REYNOLDS GS, 1961, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V4, P57, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-57 SEYBERT S, IN PRESS J BEHAV ED SIGAFOOS J, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P747, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-747 WACKER DP, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P173, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-173 WILLIAMS JA, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P53, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-53 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP PI BALTIMORE PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 SN 0274-9483 J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap PD WIN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 248 EP 258 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA UA689 UT WOS:A1995UA68900002 ER PT J AU Inui, N Yamanishi, M Tada, S AF Inui, N Yamanishi, M Tada, S TI Simple reaction times and timing of serial reactions of adolescents with mental retardation, autism, and Down syndrome SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID MOTOR AB The purpose of this study was to examine the serial information processing in adolescents with mental retardation, autism, and Down syndrome by using a serially patterned tracking task. Analyses indicated that 7 adolescents with mental retardation, 8 with autism, and 3 with Down syndrome had significantly slower and more variable simple reaction times than did 10 college students. Also, the autistic adolescents had significantly faster mean simple reaction time than those with Down syndrome. On a task of tracking serial light stimulation, mentally retarded adolescents had significantly faster reaction time than college students. The autistic subjects excessively had faster anticipatory reaction times than did the subjects in the other three groups. On the other hand, adolescents with Down syndrome had markedly slower and more variable reaction times than did adolescents with non-Down-syndrome mental retardation. As for motor organization of keystrokes on the tracking task, mentally retarded adolescents responded with six movements, in which these individuals pressed a series of keys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, as a chunk, as exhibited by college students. Adolescents with autism and Down syndrome, however, did not produce this movement-output chunking. C1 NARUTO UNIV EDUC,GRAD SCH EDUC,NARUTO 772,JAPAN. RP Inui, N (reprint author), NARUTO UNIV EDUC,FAC HLTH & LIVING SCI,DEPT HUMAN MOTOR CONTROL,NARUTO CHO,NARUTO 772,JAPAN. CR Anson J. G., 1992, APPROACHES STUDY MOT, P387 ANWAR F, 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P317 Baumeister A. A., 1968, INT REV RES MENT RET, V3, P163, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60011-7 BERKSON G, 1960, J MENT DEFIC RES, V4, P69 BERKSON G, 1960, J MENT DEFIC RES, V4, P59 FRITH U, 1974, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V15, P293, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1974.tb01253.x Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI KARRER R, 1986, MOTOR SKILL ACQUISIT, P167 KERR R, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P591 KONDO F, 1978, JPN J PSYCHOL, V49, P123 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD DEC PY 1995 VL 81 IS 3 BP 739 EP 745 PN 1 PG 7 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA TK439 UT WOS:A1995TK43900005 PM 8668429 ER PT J AU PESCHEL, E PESCHEL, RE AF PESCHEL, E PESCHEL, RE TI NEUROPATHIATRY - NEW LANGUAGE NECESSITATED BY THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION SO PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; ABNORMALITIES; DISEASE C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,PROGRAM HUMANITIES MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT THERAPEUT RADIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CR AMAYAJACKSON L, 1992, MHS, V54, P45 [Anonymous], 1968, WEBSTERS NEW WORLD D ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BOGERTS B, 1990, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V35, P1 CAEKEBEKE JFV, 1991, MIGRAINE OTHER HEADA, P331 Comings D.E., 1990, TOURETTES SYNDROME H COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 GERLACH J, 1991, SCHIZOPHR B, V17, P97 GUTTMAN M, 1992, PARKINSONS DISEASE, P377 HOLLANDER E, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P104 HYMAN BT, 1984, SCIENCE, V225, P1168, DOI 10.1126/science.6474172 KEMPER TL, 1993, BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY, P175 LECKMAN JF, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P1239 Losonczy MF, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P715 Meltzer H. Y., 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P513 MELTZER HY, 1987, SCHIZOPHR B, V13, P93 PEROUTKA SJ, 1990, HEADACHE, P829 RAPOPORT JL, 1994, MHS, V54, P25 RAPOPORT JL, 1989, SCI AM, V260, P83 SHELTON RC, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P773 STOETTER B, 1982, ADV NEUROL, P213 SUDDATH RL, 1990, NEW ENGL J MED, V322, P789, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199003223221201 TRANEL D, 1992, AM PSYCHIAT PRESS TX, P57 WEINBERGER DR, 1992, MHS, V54, P77 Wise S, 1989, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P327 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0031-5982 J9 PERSPECT BIOL MED JI Perspect. Biol. Med. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC History & Philosophy of Science; Research & Experimental Medicine GA QK310 UT WOS:A1995QK31000003 PM 7899055 ER PT J AU REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM AF REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM TI CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - A PARENTS GUIDE - POWERS,MD SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH, MED CTR, LIB WPIC, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, HLTH SCI LIB SYST, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. MEADVILLE PUBL LIB, PUBL SERV, MEADVILLE, PA USA. CR Powers M. D., 1989, CHILDREN AUTISM PARE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 EI 1557-9700 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1297 EP 1297 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA TH116 UT WOS:A1995TH11600072 ER PT J AU REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM AF REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM TI THE HANDBOOK OF AUTISM - A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS - AARONS,M, GITTENS,T SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH, MED CTR, LIB WPIC, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, HLTH SCI LIB SYST, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. MEADVILLE PUBL LIB, PUBL SERV, MEADVILLE, PA USA. CR Aarons M., 1992, HDB AUTISM GUIDE PAR NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 EI 1557-9700 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1297 EP 1297 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA TH116 UT WOS:A1995TH11600075 ER PT J AU REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM AF REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM TI A PARENTS GUIDE TO AUTISM - HART,CA SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH, MED CTR, LIB WPIC, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, HLTH SCI LIB SYST, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. MEADVILLE PUBL LIB, PUBL SERV, MEADVILLE, PA USA. CR HART C, 1993, PARENTS GUIDE AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 EI 1557-9700 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1298 EP 1298 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA TH116 UT WOS:A1995TH11600083 ER PT J AU REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM AF REAVIS, PA EPSTEIN, BA PIOTROWICZ, LM TI RUSSELL IS EXTRA SPECIAL - A BOOK ABOUT AUTISM FOR CHILDREN - AMENTA,CA SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH, MED CTR, WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN LIB, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA. CR Amenta C, 1992, RUSSELL IS EXTRA SPE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 EI 1557-9700 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1301 EP 1301 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA TH116 UT WOS:A1995TH11600122 ER PT J AU GUENTHER, G AF GUENTHER, G TI 'AUTISM' SO ANTIGONISH REVIEW LA English DT Poetry NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIV PI ANTIGONISH PA ANTIGONISH NS B2G 1CO, CANADA SN 0003-5661 J9 ANTIGONISH REV JI Antigonish Rev. PD WIN PY 1995 IS 100 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA QZ258 UT WOS:A1995QZ25800050 ER PT J AU SMITH, T KLEVSTRAND, M LOVAAS, OI AF SMITH, T KLEVSTRAND, M LOVAAS, OI TI BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT OF RETTS-DISORDER - INEFFECTIVENESS IN 3 CASES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Note ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; SKILLS C1 DRAKE UNIV,DES MOINES,IA 50311. UNIV OSLO,N-0316 OSLO,NORWAY. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. 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I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 LUTZKER JR, 1993, EFFECTIVE PSYCHOTHER, P89 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MOODLEY M, 1993, S AFR MED J, V83, P138 NEWSOM C, 1989, TREATMENT CHILDHOOD, P286 PERRY A, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P275 PIAZZA CC, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P991 SANSOM D, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P340 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM Smith T., 1993, EFFECTIVE PSYCHOTHER, P107 WOODYATT GC, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P419 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 100 IS 3 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA TC659 UT WOS:A1995TC65900011 PM 8554779 ER PT J AU Sasso, GM Hendrickson, JM AF Sasso, GM Hendrickson, JM TI Autism - Comment SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Sasso, GM (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 J9 BEHAV DISORDERS JI Behav. Disord. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900001 ER PT J AU Simpson, RL AF Simpson, RL TI Children and youth with autism in an age of reform: A perspective on current issues SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; REGULAR EDUCATION; COMMUNICATION; STUDENTS; SCHOOLS AB This article discusses three major issues currently having significant impact on the education of students with autism. Included in the discussion are the field's considerable reliance on implausible, unsupported, and other controversial treatments; the issue of full time inclusion of students with autism in general education classrooms; and preparation of personnel to serve the needs of students with autism. Discussion of each of these issues is followed by recommendations for action. RP Simpson, RL (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. 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PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 7 EP 20 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900002 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CH Shukla, S AF Kennedy, CH Shukla, S TI Social interaction research for people with autism as a set of past, current, and emerging propositions SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review ID APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS; COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS; SEVERE DISABILITIES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MAINSTREAMED PLAYGROUPS; PEER INTERACTIONS; STUDENTS; SCHOOL; INTERVENTION AB Social relationships are as important to people with autism as they are to any other member of society. However, a primary behavioral characteristic used to define the syndrome of autism is a paucity of social interaction. Such an observation about disordered behavior is really a proposition about a situation in need of remedy. A proposition is simply a statement about a problem to be solved, and the social interaction literature can be viewed as a concatenation of propositions. One of the first propositions tendered regarding autism was how to increase precursors to social interaction. The solution to that problem was to task analyze precursor behaviors and systematically structure their occurrence. Because of the success of these efforts, other previously untenable aspects of social interaction were targeted for analysis. As more and more social behaviors were proposed for analysis and studied, the notion of social skills emerged as a guiding theme. The concept of social skills itself occasioned an expansion of researchers' propositions regarding what was relevant to social interaction. The answers to those questions have made the study of social interaction far more complex than was conceived originally. Emerging propositions in researchers' work include questions about the nature of social competence, the development of friendships and other social relationships, and the ways in which various aggregates of behavior can assist us in understanding those broader goals. These more recent propositions are historical in context, but prescriptive in our pursuit of enriching the social participation of people with autism. if the past is any predictor of the future, social interaction research for people with autism is entering a period of fertile analysis and application. RP Kennedy, CH (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,COLL EDUC,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. CR Asher S. 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Disord. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900003 ER PT J AU Luce, SC Dyer, K AF Luce, SC Dyer, K TI Providing effective transitional programming to individuals with autism SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; SUPERVISION AB Legal mandates, widely postulated professional perspective, and improved teaching techniques have strongly influenced the kind of care provided individuals with significant developmental disabilities such as autism. Children and adults who would have been separated from their families and peers two decades ago are now expected to live in natural settings identical to the settings in which other members of their families live. The conversion of services to correspond with the ever increasing lifestyle expectations for persons with developmental disabilities is described from an organizational perspective with reference to serving these individuals in special education classrooms, residential settings, or other human service settings. Systems we have found effective in moving individuals through a continuum of services are described. Specific examples of implementation strategies in a large comprehensive treatment center for individuals with developmental and neurological disabilities are provided. An example of a wide-scale conversion of an agency that resulted in more progressive transition programming is discussed. 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Disord. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 36 EP 52 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900004 ER PT J AU Boomer, LW GarrisonHarrell, L AF Boomer, LW GarrisonHarrell, L TI Legal issues concerning children with autism and pervasive developmental disabilities SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION AB Children and youth with autism often present special challenges to the educational system. Issues related to these challenges are reflected in court cases involving these students and those charged with providing services. Much of the litigation of the past few years has been related to appropriate educational placement, extended school year services, the use of aversive contingencies to central aberrant behavior, and the use of specific forms of augmentative communication (i.e., facilitated communication). 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PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900005 ER PT J AU Mundschenk, NA Sasso, GM AF Mundschenk, NA Sasso, GM TI Assessing sufficient social exemplars for students with autism SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; PRESCHOOLERS; EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; SETTINGS AB Three children with autism from a self-contained elementary special education class participated in daily 10-min free-play sessions with 15 nondisabled 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade peers from the same school in three social interaction groups. After a baseline period, one of the peers was trained to appropriately interact with the student with autism. During the first phase of the intervention, this trained peer and the student with autism joined four other nontrained peers for play activities. Subsequently, each peer in the group received training sequentially so that the treatment phases reflected one trained, two trained, three trained, four trained, and five trained peers interacting with the student with autism in that same group of six. For each of the three groups, generalized interactions with nontrained peers were observed after the introduction of the third trained peer. Qualitative as well as quantitative changes in social interaction were documented. C1 UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP Mundschenk, NA (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. CR BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Brady M. 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PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 62 EP 78 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900006 ER PT J AU Strain, PS Kohler, FW AF Strain, PS Kohler, FW TI Analyzing predictors of daily social skill performance SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID WITHDRAWN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INITIATIONS; INTERVENTION; BEHAVIOR AB The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of play activities, teachers' predictions of children's sociability, and intervention fidelity variables on the level of interaction between three preschoolers with autism and their typical peers. Children participated in daily play activity groups of three, including one youngster with autism and two peers. Following a baseline condition, all children in the class learned to exchange a range of prosocial overtures, including shares, play organizers, and assistance. Teachers then implemented an individual reinforcement contingency to maintain children's newly taught exchanges. Results indicated that social reciprocity and peer effort correlated most highly with target children's level of social interaction. Conversely, teachers' choice of activity materials and predictions about sociability did not correlate with children's interactions during either experimental phase. These findings are discussed with regard to their implications for future social skills research and intervention. C1 ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. RP Strain, PS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR COLLABORAT EDUC LEADERSHIP,DENVER,CO 80202, USA. CR BECKMAN P, 1984, ED TRAINING MENTALLY, V54, P169 Kohler F. W., 1993, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V25, P41 Kohler F. W., 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P327 KOHLER FW, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P525, DOI 10.1177/01454455920164005 McEvoy M. A., 1992, SOCIAL COMPETENCE YO, P113 Odom S. L., 1992, SOCIAL COMPETENCE YO QUILITCH HR, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P573, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-573 Sainato D. M., 1987, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V12, P23 STRAIN PS, 1977, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V14, P493, DOI 10.1002/1520-6807(197710)14:4<493::AID-PITS2310140422>3.0.CO;2-W STRAIN PS, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P583, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-583 STRAIN PS, 1986, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V52, P543 STRAIN PS, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-289 STRAIN PS, 1988, EARLY INTERVENTION I, P129 STRAIN PS, 1977, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V5, P445, DOI 10.1007/BF00915092 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 J9 BEHAV DISORDERS JI Behav. Disord. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900007 ER PT J AU Kamps, DM Leonard, B Potucek, J GarrisonHarrell, L AF Kamps, DM Leonard, B Potucek, J GarrisonHarrell, L TI Cooperative learning groups in Reading: An integration strategy for students with autism and general classroom peers SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTIONS; ACHIEVEMENT; IMPROVE AB A reversal design in two classrooms was used to examine the effects of Cooperative Learning Groups (CLGs) for three students with autism and their general education peers. Pretreatment reading instruction consisted of whole language, teacher-led activities including teacher-student discussion of vocabulary, story concepts, main ideas, and story-mapping with reading aloud by individual students. Intervention conditions consisted of continued teacher-led instruction plus supplemental CLGs including three activities: (a) peer tutoring on vocabulary words, (b) comprehension questions, and (c) academic games. Results demonstrated increased reading gains, academic engagement, and peer interaction during the supplemental CLG conditions. Results also provided documentation of the peer-mediated strategy as a viable instructional arrangement for the integration of students with autism in general education settings. C1 SW MISSOURI STATE UNIV,SPRINGFIELD,MO 65802. RP Kamps, DM (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,JUNIPER GARDENS CHILDRENS PROJECT,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103, USA. CR ARMSTRONG B, 1981, CONTEMP EDUC PSYCHOL, V6, P102, DOI 10.1016/0361-476X(81)90038-2 Artz A. F., 1990, MATH TEACHER, V83, P448 BARBETTA PM, 1991, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V14, P19 COOKE NL, 1983, PEER TUTORING IMPLEM COSDEN MA, 1992, J BEHAVIORAL ED, V2, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00947137 Delquadri J. C., 1983, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V6, P225 DUGAN E, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P175, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-175 EISERMAN WD, 1988, J LEARN DISABIL, V21, P249 Franca V. M., 1990, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V13, P109 GAYLORDROSS R, 1989, INTEGRATION STRATEGI GREENWOOD CR, 1991, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V57, P521 Greenwood C. R., 1990, CHILDREN HELPING CHI, P177 GREENWOOD CR, 1989, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V81, P371, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.81.3.371 GREENWOOD CR, 1988, EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTIO, P505 JENKINS JR, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P311 JOHNSON D, 1986, LEARNING TOGETHER AL JOHNSON RT, 1984, CIRCLES LEARNING KAMPS D, 1991, ADV BEHAV ASSESSMENT, V5, P203 KAMPS DM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P49, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-49 LLOYD JW, 1988, J LEARN DISABIL, V21, P43 MAHEADY L, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P107 NASTASI BK, 1991, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V20, P110 OLYMPIA DE, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P85, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-85 Sailor W., 1989, COMPREHENSIVE LOCAL Sharan S, 1990, COOPERATIVE LEARNING Simmons D. C., 1994, LEARNING DISABILITIE, V9, P203 SINDELAR PT, 1982, J SPEC EDUC, V16, P199 SLAVIN RE, 1980, REV EDUC RES, V50, P315, DOI 10.3102/00346543050002315 Slavin R. E., 1988, STUDENT TEAM LEARNIN Slavin RE, 1990, COOPERATIVE LEARNING SLAVIN RE, 1988, REM SPEC EDUC, V9, P60 SMITH K, 1982, J SOC PSYCHOL, V116, P227 STRAYHORN JM, 1993, BEHAV DISORDERS, V19, P11 TAPP J, 1992, MULTIPLE OPTION OBSE TATEYAMASNIEZEK KM, 1990, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V56, P426 Tawney J. W., 1984, SINGLE SUBJECT RES S VERNON DS, 1993, SCORES SKILLS SOCIAL ZIGMOND N, 1993, 3 ANN PAC COAST RES NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 J9 BEHAV DISORDERS JI Behav. Disord. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 89 EP 109 PG 21 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900008 ER PT J AU Braman, BJ Brady, MP Linehan, SL Williams, RE AF Braman, BJ Brady, MP Linehan, SL Williams, RE TI Facilitated communication for children with autism: An examination of face validity SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID HYPERLEXIA AB Although there has been ample controversy about the need for validation studies of facilitated communication (FC), FC proponents have outlined minimum guidelines for increasing the naturalistic manner in which FC is examined. In this investigation, the face validity of FC was examined with attention to these guidelines. Three children with autism who used FC to communicate participated in the study. Sentence completion statements in which the correct responses were alternately known or unknown to the facilitator were presented using a variation of a multiple-treatment design. Special consideration was given to previous criticisms of controlled investigations of FC in the development of the method. A total of 240 responses were evaluated in relation to form accuracy (spelling) and content accuracy (correct or incorrect answer) using a 10-point rating scale. The data from this study strongly suggest that the content of the responses was influenced systematically by facilitators. C1 FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL & SPECIAL EDUC,MIAMI,FL 33199. SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIV,DEPT LANGUAGE LITERACY & SPECIAL POPULAT,HUNTSVILLE,TX 77340. RP Braman, BJ (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL & INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES,HOUSTON,TX 77004, USA. CR *AUT RES REV INT, 1993, CONTR EV FAC COMM, V7 *AUT RES REV INT, 1992, FAC COMM PROP SKEPT, V6, P1 *AUT RES REV INT, 1991, FAC COMM REP GEN HEA, V5, P1 BIKLEN D, 1993, FAC COMM ADV WORKSH, P43 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 COBRINIK L, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF02105368 ELLIOTT DE, 1976, BRAIN LANG, V3, P339, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(76)90030-4 GOODMAN J, 1972, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V13, P267, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1972.tb01153.x HEALY JM, 1982, BRAIN LANG, V17, P1, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(82)90001-3 HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 HUTTENLO.PR, 1973, NEUROLOGY, V23, P1107 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI MEHEGAN CC, 1972, NEUROLOGY, V22, P1105 MONTEE BB, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-189 RICHMAN LC, 1981, BRAIN LANG, V12, P203, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(81)90014-6 SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 WHITEHOUSE D, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02409579 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 J9 BEHAV DISORDERS JI Behav. Disord. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA VD699 UT WOS:A1995VD69900009 ER PT J AU Harrison, KL Pheasant, AE AF Harrison, KL Pheasant, AE TI Analysis of urinary pterins in autism SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 655th Meeting of the Biochemical-Society CY JUL 18-21, 1995 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Biochem Soc RP Harrison, KL (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH BIOCHEM,POB 363,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR ANDONDONSKAJA-RENZ B, 1986, P431 FUCHS D, 1989, CLIN CHEM, V35, P2305 FUKUSHIMA T, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P176, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90336-X SINGH VK, 1991, CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP, V61, P448, DOI 10.1016/S0090-1229(05)80015-7 Wachter H, 1992, NEOPTERIN BIOCH METH WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 23 IS 4 BP S603 EP S603 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TH865 UT WOS:A1995TH86500180 PM 8654788 ER PT J AU BARONCOHEN, S CAMPBELL, R KARMILOFFSMITH, A GRANT, J WALKER, J AF BARONCOHEN, S CAMPBELL, R KARMILOFFSMITH, A GRANT, J WALKER, J TI ARE CHILDREN WITH AUTISM BLIND TO THE MENTALISTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EYES SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; MIND; KNOWLEDGE; DEFICITS; COMMUNICATION; CAPACITY; INFANTS; PEOPLE AB Previous work shows that children with autism manifest abnormalities in the use of gaze. They also have difficulties in the comprehension of mental states. The present paper explores whether these two abnormalities might be related. We report four experiments that test whether normal children 'read' the eyes, particularly eye-direction, as conveying information about a person's mental states, and whether subjects with autism are specifically 'blind' to such information. The mental states assessed were desire, goal, refer, and think. The results confirm that normal children do use eye-direction as a cue for reading these mental states, as do subjects with mental handicap (including those with William's Syndrome). In contrast, subjects with autism failed to use eye-direction to infer the mental states. In addition, whilst normal children and children with mental handicap showed a preference for eye-direction over an unnatural cue when inferring these mental states, children with autism did not. These findings suggest that part of the explanation for the gaze abnormalities in autism may be a failure to comprehend that the eyes convey information about a person's mental states. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON GOLDSMITHS COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SE14 6NW,ENGLAND. MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,LONDON WC1H 0AH,ENGLAND. RP BARONCOHEN, S (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPTL PSYCHOL,DOWNING ST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RI Campbell, Ruth/K-5934-2012 CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DSM III R DIAGN STAT ARGYLE M., 1972, PSYCHOL INTERPERSONA AUSTIN JL, 1962, HOW TO DO THINGS WOR BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BALDWIN DA, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P875, DOI 10.2307/1131140 Baron- Cohen S., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P185, DOI 10.1017/ S0954579400000377 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, 1993, COGNITION EMOTION, V7, P507, DOI 10.1080/02699939308409202 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, MANUAL DEV PSYCHOPAT BARONCOHEN S, 1995, JOINT ATTENTION BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P724 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 Baron-Cohen S, 1992, MIND LANG, V6, P173 Bettelheim B, 1968, EMPTY FORTRESS Bishop DVM, 1983, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM Butterworth G., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BUTTERWORTH G, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P55 CAMPBELL R, 1993, UNPUB FACE SENSITIVI CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO De Gelder B, 1991, EUROPEAN J COGNITIVE, V3, P69, DOI 10.1080/09541449108406220 FLAVELL J, 1995, YOUNG CHILDR KNOWL T Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GOMEZ JC, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Grice Herbert Paul, 1975, SYNTAX SEMANTICS Hermelin B., 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V3, P474 Humphrey N, 1983, CONSCIOUSNESS REGAIN HUTT C, 1966, BEHAV SCI, V11, P346, DOI 10.1002/bs.3830110504 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Karmiloff-Smith A., 1992, MODULARITY KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1995, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V7, P196, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.196 KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1992, ABNORMAL BEHAVIORAL LANGDELL T, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P225 LEEKAM S, 1993, BPS DEV PSYCH C LEMPERS JD, 1977, GENET PSYCHOL MONOGR, V95, P3 Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01531588 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PHILLIPS W, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P151 PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 PHILLIPS W, 1993, THESIS U LONDON I PS Raven J.C., 1956, COLOURED PROGRESSIVE REILLY J, 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V23, P367 RICHER J, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C Rutter D. 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Psychol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 13 BP 379 EP 398 PN 4 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TF150 UT WOS:A1995TF15000005 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, P AF MITCHELL, P TI AUTISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIND - HOBSON,RP SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP MITCHELL, P (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PSYCHOL,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 13 BP 424 EP 425 PN 4 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TF150 UT WOS:A1995TF15000010 ER PT J AU FLETCHER, PC HAPPE, F FRITH, U BAKER, SC DOLAN, RJ FRACKOWIAK, RSJ FRITH, CD AF FLETCHER, PC HAPPE, F FRITH, U BAKER, SC DOLAN, RJ FRACKOWIAK, RSJ FRITH, CD TI OTHER MINDS IN THE BRAIN - A FUNCTIONAL IMAGING STUDY OF THEORY OF MIND IN STORY COMPREHENSION SO COGNITION LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC CHILDS THEORY; RHESUS-MONKEY; FRONTAL-CORTEX; PET IMAGES; MEMORY; REPRESENTATION; PERCEPTION; DECEPTION; DEFICITS; BELIEF AB The ability of normal children and adults to attribute independent mental states to self and others in order to explain and predict behaviour (''theory of mind'') has been a focus of much recent research. Autism is a biologically based disorder which appears to be characterised by a specific impairment in this ''mentalising'' process. The present paper reports a functional neuroimaging study with positron emission tomography in which we studied brain activity in normal volunteers while they performed story comprehension tasks necessitating the attribution of mental states. The resultant brain activity was compared with that measured in two control tasks: ''physical'' stories which did not require this mental attribution, and passages of unlinked sentences. Both story conditions, when compared to the unlinked sentences, showed significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in the following regions: the temporal poles bilaterally, the left superior temporal gyrus and the posterior cingulate cortex. Comparison of the ''theory of mind'' stories with ''physical'' stories revealed a specific pattern of activation associated with mental state attribution: it was only this task which produced activation in the medial frontal gyrus on the left (Brodmann's area 8). This comparison also showed significant activation in the posterior cingulate cortex. These surprisingly clear-cut findings are discussed in relation to previous studies of brain activation during story comprehension. The localisation of brain regions involved in normal attribution of mental states and contextual problem solving is feasible and may have implications for the neural basis of autism. C1 MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,LONDON WC1H 0BT,ENGLAND. INST NEUROL,WELLCOME DEPT COGNIT NEUROL,LONDON WC1N 3BG,ENGLAND. ROYAL FREE HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON NW3,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Frith, Chris/A-2171-2009; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012; Frackowiak, Richard/I-1809-2013; Frackowiak, Richard/H-4383-2011 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; Frith, Chris/0000-0002-8665-0690; Frackowiak, Richard/0000-0002-3151-822X CR ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 AVIS J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P460, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01544.x BAILEY DL, 1991, J CEREB BLOOD FLO S2, V11, pS150 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1993, COGNITION EMOTION, V7, P507, DOI 10.1080/02699939308409202 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 BOTTINI G, 1994, BRAIN, V117, P1241, DOI 10.1093/brain/117.6.1241 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x DASSER V, 1989, SCIENCE, V243, P365, DOI 10.1126/science.2911746 DEMONET JF, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P1753, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.6.1753 FRACKOWIAK RSJ, 1994, J ANAT, V184, P211 FRISK V, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P121, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90095-6 FRISTON KJ, 1991, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V11, P690 FRISTON KJ, 1989, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V9, P690 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1994, UNPUB THEORY MIND SO FRYE D, 1994, UNPUB COGNITIVE BASI GESCHWIN.N, 1965, BRAIN, V88, P237, DOI 10.1093/brain/88.2.237 GRASBY PM, 1993, BRAIN, V116, P1, DOI 10.1093/brain/116.1.1 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, LEARNING COGNITION A HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HART J, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V27, P226, DOI 10.1002/ana.410270303 HORWITZ B, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P102 JONES E G, 1970, Brain Behavior and Evolution, V93, P793, DOI 10.1093/brain/93.4.793 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leslie A. 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On perceptual matrices, participants with MR performed less well than those with autism, who performed less well than normal children. On functional matrices, participants with autism and those with MR performed less well than normal children. Participants with autism performed less well than participants with MR and normal children.in free-sorting representational objects and in the class-inclusion tasks, which require higher operational thought. These results suggest that individuals with autism have difficulties with tasks that necessitate internal manipulation of information. This impairment is discussed in relation to the cognitive deficit characterizing autism. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT PSYCHOL,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP SHULMAN, C (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH EDUC,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. 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Abnorm. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 104 IS 4 BP 601 EP 609 DI 10.1037//0021-843X.104.4.601 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TA412 UT WOS:A1995TA41200007 PM 8530762 ER PT J AU Lord, C AF Lord, C TI Follow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; diagnosis; preschool; pervasive developmental disorders; follow-up ID CHILDREN; INFANCY AB Thirty, 2-year-old children referred for possible autism were evaluated using a parent interview, a rating scale and psychometric tests and reassessed one year later. Clinical diagnosis was relatively stable across time; diagnosis using the formal measures changed significantly, particularly for younger and more developmentally delayed children. Several patterns contributed to the increasing differentiation of children with autism from age 2 to 3, including the development of clearly recognizable, repetitive behaviors in the autistic children and significant improvements in basic social skills in the children judged not to be autistic. RP Lord, C (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MC 3077,5841 S MARYLAND AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1365 EP 1382 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA TM259 UT WOS:A1995TM25900006 PM 8988272 ER PT J AU Phillips, W Gomez, JC BaronCohen, S Laa, V Riviere, A AF Phillips, W Gomez, JC BaronCohen, S Laa, V Riviere, A TI Treating people as objects, agents, or ''subjects'': How young children with and without autism make requests SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AETAPI Conference CY NOV, 1993 CL SALAMANCA, SPAIN DE autism; joint attention; requesting; eye-contact ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; COMMUNICATION; DEFICITS; MIND AB A procedure previously used to investigate imperative communication in nonhuman primates was applied to young children, some of whom had autism. The goal was to examine closely how requests are made in a problem-solving situation. Each child's spontaneous strategies to obtain an out-of-reach object were analyzed in terms of the ways in which he or she used the adult who was present. Results showed that fewer children with autism used a strategy of treating the person as a ''subject'', and that more children with autism used object-centred strategies. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID,DEPT PSICOL BASICA,E-28049 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPTL PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP Phillips, W (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. 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PD NOV PY 1995 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1383 EP 1398 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01670.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA TM259 UT WOS:A1995TM25900007 PM 8988273 ER PT J AU SEIM, AR REICHELT, KL AF SEIM, AR REICHELT, KL TI AN ENZYME BRAIN-BARRIER THEORY OF PSYCHIATRIC PATHOGENESIS - UNIFYING OBSERVATIONS ON PHENYLKETONURIA, AUTISM, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PEPTIDES; EXCRETION; RELATIVES; PROBANDS; RATS; CSF C1 UNIV OSLO,RIKSHOSP,CHILDRENS CLIN,DEPT PEDIAT RES,N-0027 OSLO,NORWAY. UNIV OSLO,DEPT GEN PRACTICE,N-0318 BLINDERN,NORWAY. CR ABASSI Z, 1992, METABOLISM, V41, P683, DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90303-R CASTLE DJ, 1993, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V28, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00797825 DOHAN FC, 1983, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V18, P561 EAGLES JM, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1139, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91136-X EATON WW, 1992, SCHIZOPHR RES, V6, P181, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90001-L ERMISCH A, 1993, PHYSIOL REV, V73, P489 GANGULI R, 1994, PSYCHIAT RES, V51, P1, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90042-6 Gardner Michael L. 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Hypotheses PD NOV PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 498 EP 502 DI 10.1016/0306-9877(95)90230-9 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA TH696 UT WOS:A1995TH69600018 PM 8748095 ER PT J AU BOUVARD, MP LEBOYER, M LAUNAY, JM RECASENS, C PLUMET, MH WALLERPEROTTE, D TABUTEAU, F BONDOUX, D DUGAS, M LENSING, P PANKSEPP, J AF BOUVARD, MP LEBOYER, M LAUNAY, JM RECASENS, C PLUMET, MH WALLERPEROTTE, D TABUTEAU, F BONDOUX, D DUGAS, M LENSING, P PANKSEPP, J TI LOW-DOSE NALTREXONE EFFECTS ON PLASMA CHEMISTRIES AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN AUTISM - A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHILD PSYCHIATRY; BETA-ENDORPHIN; OPIOIDS, ENDOGENOUS; VASOPRESSIN; NOREPINEPHRINE; SEROTONIN ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BETA-ENDORPHIN; CHILDREN; SCALE AB The effect of month-long naltrexone (NTX) treatment at a daily oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day was contrasted with placebo (PLC) in a double-blind study with conjoint clinical and biochemical evaluations of therapeutic effects. Modest clinical benefits were achieved with both PLC and NTX, with marginally better overall results following NTX, and degree of improvement appeared to be related to plasma chemical profiles. Massively elevated levels of beta-endorphin were observed in all children with assays using C-terminal antibody but not with an N-terminal antibody assay. In addition, 70% of the children exhibited abnormally low levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and smaller subsets exhibited elevated norepinephrine (60%), arginine-vasopressin (50%), and serotonin (20%). The best clinical responders exhibited the dearest normalization of the elevated plasma chemistries, especially in C-terminal-beta-endorphin and serotonin. There was some evidence of therapeutic carry-over effects in both clinical and biochemical measures in those children who received NTX before PLC. The results suggest that NTX only benefits a subgroup of autistic children, who may be identified by the presence of certain plasma abnormalities. These results suggest a possible linkage between abnormal plasma chemistries, especially those related to the pro-opiomelanocortin system, and autistic symptoms. C1 HOP ROBERT DEBRE,SERV PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & ADOLESCENT,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE. HOP LA PITIE SALPETRIERE,SERV PSYCHIAT ADULTE,F-75013 PARIS,FRANCE. HOP ST LOUIS,NEUROCHIM & COMMUN CELLULAIRES LAB,F-75010 PARIS,FRANCE. SCH PSYCHOL,LINZ,AUSTRIA. BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403. CR BARRETT RP, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P644 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P130 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 DAPRADA M, 1979, RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS DR, P175 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P631 FISH B, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P753 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 GOYETTE CH, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00919127 GUILLEMIN R, 1977, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V77, P361, DOI 10.1016/S0006-291X(77)80205-2 HERMAN BH, 1991, PROGR PSYCHIAT, V32, P107 HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 KERDELHUE B, 1982, BRAIN RES, V231, P85, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90009-9 LAUNAY JM, 1983, BIOL PROSPECTIVE, V2, P995 LEBOYER M, 1988, LANCET, V1, P715 LEBOYER M, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P285 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lensing P, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P169 Panksepp J., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P357 Panksepp Jaak, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P281 Panksepp J, 1981, PROGR THEORY PSYCHOP, P149 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PANKSEPP J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02284764 PANKSEPP J, 1994, REGUL PEPT S, V1, P169 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P201 SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 SANDMAN CA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02207000 THOMPSON T, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P85 VEREBEY K, 1976, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V20, P315 VIEAU D, 1989, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V31, P691, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01294.x VITTET D, 1989, AM J PHYSIOL, V257, pR1400 WALKER RF, 1983, LIFE SCI, V33, P1915, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90676-8 WALTERS AS, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF02284716 WEIZMAN R, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P430, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00009 1987, DSM 111 R DIAGNOSTIC NR 40 TC 60 Z9 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD OCT 16 PY 1995 VL 58 IS 3 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02601-R PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA TC934 UT WOS:A1995TC93400002 PM 8570775 ER PT J AU WILLEMSENSWINKELS, SHN BUITELAAR, JK WEIJNEN, FG VANENGELAND, H AF WILLEMSENSWINKELS, SHN BUITELAAR, JK WEIJNEN, FG VANENGELAND, H TI PLACEBO-CONTROLLED ACUTE DOSAGE NALTREXONE STUDY IN YOUNG AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ETHOLOGY; BETA-ENDORPHIN; CORTISOL; ATTENTION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY ID ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE 4-9; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PLASMA BETA-ENDORPHIN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DYADIC ENCOUNTERS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CORTISOL-LEVELS; JUVENILE RATS; RATING-SCALE; NALOXONE AB In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial 23 autistic children were treated with a single 40-mg dose of the opiate antagonist naltrexone. Drug effects were monitored by detailed playroom observations, actometers, and parents' checklist ratings (Aberrant Behavior Checklist, social items and target behaviors), Naltrexone treatment failed to produce significant changes in social behavior, but it did reduce irritability and target scores on behavior checklists. The playroom data indicated that naltrexone significantly affected indices of activity and attention. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR ALTHAUS M, 1994, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V3, P242 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 ARNSTEN AFT, 1983, NATURE, V304, P725, DOI 10.1038/304725a0 ASLESON G S, 1991, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V17, P1346 BEATTY WW, 1982, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V17, P905, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(82)90470-1 BLANKSTEIN J, 1980, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V164, P363 BORBELY AA, 1986, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V8, P482 BORGHESE I F, 1991, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V17, P1252 BUITELAAR JK, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1149, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00026 BUITELAAR JK, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P1119, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90156-T BUITELAAR JK, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01925.x BUITELAAR JK, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P467, DOI 10.1007/BF02216053 BUITELAAR JK, 1995, ADV NERUOBIOLOGY SCH CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 ERNST M, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P221 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 HERMAN BH, 1991, MENTAL RETARDATION D, P107 HERMAN B H, 1988, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V14, P465 HERMAN B H, 1986, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V12, P1172 HERMAN BH, 1991, 38TH SCI P ANN M AM, P52 JUDD LL, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V4, P277, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90029-9 KATZ RJ, 1988, ENDORPHINS OPIATES B, P249 Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B KOLMEN BK, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P223, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00018 LEBOYER M, 1988, LANCET, V26, P715 LEBOYER M, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P285 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 LEE MC, 1988, J NUCL MED, V29, P1207 MARCHETTI B, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P346 MARSHBURN EC, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF01048240 MATSON JL, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P855 MEYERSON BJ, 1981, EUR J PHARMACOL, V69, P453, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(81)90449-0 NABER D, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P1457 NIESINK RJM, 1984, NEUROPEPTIDES, V4, P483, DOI 10.1016/0143-4179(84)90092-1 NIESINK RJM, 1983, THESIS U UTRECHT UTR NOLDUS LPJJ, 1991, BEHAV RES METH INSTR, V23, P415 Panksepp J., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P357 PANKSEPP J, 1980, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V13, P673, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(80)90011-8 PANKSEPP J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P238 PANKSEPP J, 1985, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V99, P441, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.99.3.441 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PANKSEPP J, 1984, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV RE, V11, P131 POMARA N, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V23, P726, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90057-1 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 SANDMAN CA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02207000 SCHMAUSS C, 1992, HDB CLIN PSYCHONEURO Schopler E., 1979, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES, V1 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SNIJDERS J, 1975, SNIJDERS OOMEN NIET STUTSMAN R, 1936, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P THIJSSEN JHH, 1980, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V100, P39, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(80)90183-7 VANREE JM, 1983, LIFE SCI, V33, P611, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90577-5 Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WEIZMAN R, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P430, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00009 WEIZMAN R, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V82, P368, DOI 10.1007/BF00427687 WIED CCG, 1987, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V12, P355 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 ZINGARELLI G, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P57 1987, DSM III R DIAGNOSTIC NR 61 TC 45 Z9 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD OCT 16 PY 1995 VL 58 IS 3 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02749-M PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA TC934 UT WOS:A1995TC93400003 PM 8570776 ER PT J AU Narbona, J GarciaPerez, MA Calasanz, MJ Obeso, J Calderon, E PenaCasanova, J AF Narbona, J GarciaPerez, MA Calasanz, MJ Obeso, J Calderon, E PenaCasanova, J TI Apraxia and motor control disorders in Rett syndrome: A longitudinal study in the first decade of life. SO A N A E-APPROCHE NEUROPSYCHOLOGIQUE DES APPRENTISSAGES CHEZ L ENFANT LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome; apraxia; dystonia; rigid-akinetic syndrome; basal ganglia disease ID DISEASE; AUTISM; LIMB AB The sequential clinical features of motor behaviour deterioration were collected, from clinical examination and from retrospective and prospective video-recordings, in a series of 14 girls with Rett syndrome, at an age range from the second to the tenth years of life. The time of follow-up in each case ranged from 4 to 8 years (mean: 6 years 2 months). The hallmark motor features can be grouped in three periods. First (age 1-4 years): manual praxic skills (melokinetic and ideomotor) deteriorate until the subject is completely unable to perform purposeful actions with external objects. Second (age 2 1/2-7 years): abnormal approach-to-own-body gesturing becomes gradually more pronounced (finger-to-finger, hand-to-mouth, and hand-to-hand ''washing'' sterotypic patterns), as do active tactile reactions of avoidance of external objects. And third (age 7 years onwards): progressive dystonia in distal parts of lower limbs, hypomimia, deficit in rapid postural axial reactions and freezing, leading to progressive loss of locomotion. This sequence of praxic and motor control deterioration probably reflects a physiopathological background involving basal ganglia and their related frontal and parietal cortical regions. 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Apprentiss. Enfant PD OCT PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA UC111 UT WOS:A1995UC11100002 ER PT J AU STEFFENBURG, U HAGBERG, G VIGGEDAL, G KYLLERMAN, M AF STEFFENBURG, U HAGBERG, G VIGGEDAL, G KYLLERMAN, M TI ACTIVE EPILEPSY IN MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN .1. PREVALENCE AND ADDITIONAL NEUROIMPAIRMENTS SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article ID SWEDISH COUNTY; RETARDATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ROCHESTER; MINNESOTA; COMMUNITY; HANDICAP; SEIZURES AB A population-based study of active epilepsy was conducted in 6-13-year-old mentally retarded children born between 1975 and 1986. The population at risk comprised 48 873 children. Ninety-eight children were identified, 35 mildly and 63 severely retarded. The prevalence was 2.0 per 1000; 0.7 per 1000 for mildly and 1.3 per 1000 for severely retarded children. Sixty-nine children had at least one additional neuroimpairment. Cerebral palsy was found in 42 children with a majority of spastic/dystonic tetraplegias; visual impairment was present in 24 and autism in 24. Thirty-three children had only a mild or no gross motor disability and mild mental retardation, while 23 had IQs < 20 and a very severe gross motor disability. This study underlines the fact that active epilepsy in mentally retarded children is often associated with additional neuroimpairments, especially a combination of severe cerebral palsy and severe visual impairment. RP STEFFENBURG, U (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,OSTRA HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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PD OCT PY 1995 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1147 EP 1152 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13515.x PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA TE160 UT WOS:A1995TE16000015 PM 8563227 ER PT J AU ISHIKAWABRUSH, Y POWELL, JF BOLTON, P FRANCIS, F LEHRACH, H MONACO, AP AF ISHIKAWABRUSH, Y POWELL, JF BOLTON, P FRANCIS, F LEHRACH, H MONACO, AP TI DISRUPTION OF THE GRPR GENE AND TRANSLOCATION BREAKPOINT SEQUENCE ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE EXOSTOSES AND AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV OXFORD,WELLCOME TRUST CTR HUMAN GENET,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,HUMAN GENET LAB,OXFORD,ENGLAND. INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT NEUROSCI,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,GENOME ANAL LAB,LONDON WC2A 3PX,ENGLAND. RI Powell, John/G-4412-2011; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Powell, John/0000-0001-6124-439X; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 57 IS 4 SU S BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RW687 UT WOS:A1995RW68700294 ER PT J AU HIRSCH, B HEGGIE, P MCCONNELL, K AF HIRSCH, B HEGGIE, P MCCONNELL, K TI INHERITED DIRECT DUPLICATION OF 15Q11-]15Q12 INCLUDING LOCI D15S11-]GABRB3 IN A CHILD WITH AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CHILDRENS HLTH CARE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CR JALAL SM, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V52, P495, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320520421 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 57 IS 4 SU S BP 646 EP 646 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RW687 UT WOS:A1995RW68700646 ER PT J AU HILLMAN, RE KANAFANI, N BRIGHT, JD SPENCE, MA MILES, JH AF HILLMAN, RE KANAFANI, N BRIGHT, JD SPENCE, MA MILES, JH TI CHANGING PREVALENCE OF AUTISM IN MISSOURI - AFFECT OF A COMPREHENSIVE STATE AUTISM PROJECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CHILD HLTH,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. MISSOURI STATE DEPT MENTAL HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PEDIAT,IRVINE,CA 92717. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 57 IS 4 SU S BP 936 EP 936 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RW687 UT WOS:A1995RW68700934 ER PT J AU HOLDEN, JJA CHALIFOUX, M JULIENINALSINGH, C SCHUTZ, C ROBINSON, P WHITE, BN BRYSON, S MAHONEY, W BARTOLUCCI, G JONES, MB SZATMARI, P AF HOLDEN, JJA CHALIFOUX, M JULIENINALSINGH, C SCHUTZ, C ROBINSON, P WHITE, BN BRYSON, S MAHONEY, W BARTOLUCCI, G JONES, MB SZATMARI, P TI LACK OF EXPANSION OF TRIPLET REPEATS IN THE FMR1, FRAXE, AND FRAXF GENES IN MULTIPLEX MALE FAMILIES WITH AUTISM AND PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 QUEENS UNIV,KINGSTON,ON,CANADA. ONGWANADA RES CTR,KINGSTON,ON,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. YORK UNIV,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,HERSHEY,PA 17033. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 57 IS 4 SU S BP 1920 EP 1920 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RW687 UT WOS:A1995RW68701921 ER PT J AU NINNESS, HAC ELLIS, J MILLER, WB BAKER, D RUTHERFORD, R AF NINNESS, HAC ELLIS, J MILLER, WB BAKER, D RUTHERFORD, R TI THE EFFECT OF A SELF-MANAGEMENT TRAINING PACKAGE ON THE TRANSFER OF AGGRESSION CONTROL PROCEDURES IN THE ABSENCE OF SUPERVISION SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SKILLS; STUDENTS; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; CLASSROOM; MAINTENANCE; AUTISM AB An aggression replacement and self-management training package reduced the frequency of aggressive behavior among four junior high adolescents identified as seriously emotionally disturbed (SED). During baseline sessions, the students were covertly filmed as they stood unsupervised in front of the school cafeteria. The four subjects engaged in aggressive behavior during 50% of the filmed intervals. These episodes involved provocation by other students, self-initiated provocation, or continuing interaction between students once an aggressive episode had begun. Treatment procedures included instruction, modeling, and role playing of aggression replacement skills. Self-management training included self-assessment, self-recording, and self-reinforcement. Following an 8-week period, subjects demonstrated substantial improvement in prosocial skills without supervision. During reversal-to-baseline conditions, aggressive behavior increased; however, reinstating treatment conditions brought a return to prosocial behavior. Outcomes suggest that aggressive replacement skills may transfer and sustain more adequately using self-management. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DENTON,TX 76203. DENTON INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DENTON,TX. RP NINNESS, HAC (reprint author), STEPHEN F AUSTIN STATE UNIV,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. 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J., 1988, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V13, P231 SMITH DJ, 1992, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V21, P59 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 WILSON R, 1984, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V9, P131 YOUNG KR, 1987, TEACHING SELF MANAGE NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 464 EP 490 DI 10.1177/01454455950194004 PG 27 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA RX237 UT WOS:A1995RX23700004 PM 7487866 ER PT J AU REID, AH AF REID, AH TI LEARNING AND COGNITION IN AUTISM - SCHOPLER,E, MESIBOV,GB SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP REID, AH (reprint author), ROYAL DUNDEE LIFF HOSP,DUNDEE HEALTHCARE NHS TRUST,DUNDEE DD2 5NF,SCOTLAND. CR SCHOPLER E, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD OCT PY 1995 VL 167 BP 557 EP 558 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA TA964 UT WOS:A1995TA96400034 ER PT J AU BRADSHAW, JL AF BRADSHAW, JL TI THE LARGER PICTURE - ASYMMETRIES IN OTHER VERTEBRATES, AUTISM, SCHIZOPHRENIA, AND TOURETTES-SYNDROME SO CAHIERS DE PSYCHOLOGIE COGNITIVE-CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY OF COGNITION LA English DT Article ID BASAL GANGLIA; RESONANCE RP BRADSHAW, JL (reprint author), MONASH UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,NEUROPSYCHOL RES UNIT,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. CR Bradshaw J. L., 1993, EVOLUTION LATERAL AS BRADSHAW JL, MANUAL ASYMMETRIES M Bradshaw J.L., 1995, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY CROW TJ, 1990, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V16, P433 CROW TJ, 1993, IMAGING BRAIN PSYCHI, P2 FLORHENRY P, 1989, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V3, P477 Frith C., 1992, COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCH PETERSON B, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P941 RAUCH SL, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P62 ROGERS LJ, IN PRESS MANUAL ASYM SCARONE S, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V45, P115, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(92)90005-O SEEMAN P, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P1092 SINGER HS, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P950 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 PU ADRSC-ASSOC DIFFUSION RECHERCHES SCIENCES COGNITIVES PI MARSEILLE CEDEX 13 PA IBHOP, TRAVERSE CHARLES SUSINI, 13388 MARSEILLE CEDEX 13, FRANCE SN 0249-9185 J9 CAH PSYCHOL COGN JI Cah. Psychol. Cogn.-Curr. Psychol. Cogn. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 496 EP 499 PG 4 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA TE055 UT WOS:A1995TE05500003 ER PT J AU CHIRON, C LEBOYER, M LEON, F JAMBAQUE, I NUTTIN, C SYROTA, A AF CHIRON, C LEBOYER, M LEON, F JAMBAQUE, I NUTTIN, C SYROTA, A TI SPECT OF THE BRAIN IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM - EVIDENCE FOR A LACK OF NORMAL HEMISPHERIC-ASYMMETRY SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; INFANTILE-AUTISM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; HAND PREFERENCE; CHILDREN; LATERALIZATION; TOMOGRAPHY; HANDEDNESS; PATHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR AB Autism is thought to be associated with abnormal hemispheric specialization and left-hemispheric dysfunction. Brain functional imaging using Xe-133-SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) was used to measure left/right asymmetry and absolute values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 18 children with autism aged from four to 17 years and 10 age-matched controls. All controls hut only 10 children with autism were right-handed. The left-to-right indices, both hemispheric and regional, were positive in controls, indicating higher left than right rCBF values, but were negative in patients with autism. This inversion was statically significant for total hemispheres, sensorimotor and language-related cortex and was explained by a significant decrease of the left absolute rCBF values in these regions in the patients with autism. The inversion was independent of handedness, sex and age. These results confirm the existence of left-hemispheric dysfunction in childhood autism, especially in the cortical areas devoted to language and handedness, leading to anomalous hemispheric specialization. C1 HOSP SALPETRIERE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PARIS,FRANCE. HOSP ST VINCENT,INSERM,U29,PARIS,FRANCE. HOSP ST VINCENT,DEPT NEUROPEDIAT,PARIS,FRANCE. RP CHIRON, C (reprint author), HOSP F JOILIOT,ATOM ENERGY COMMISS,DEPT RES IMAGING PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ORSAY,FRANCE. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 37 IS 10 BP 849 EP 860 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA TH519 UT WOS:A1995TH51900002 PM 7493719 ER PT J AU GROSS, M GATHOF, BS KOLLE, P GRESSER, U AF GROSS, M GATHOF, BS KOLLE, P GRESSER, U TI CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS FOR SCREENING OF ADENYLOSUCCINATE LYASE DEFICIENCY SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE ADENYLOSUCCINATE LYASE DEFICIENCY; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; AUTISM; PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; URINARY IMIDAZOLES; PURINES AB We report a new screening method for adenylosuccinate lyase (ASase) deficiency using capillary electrophoresis (CE). This enzyme defect causes secondary autism and psychomotor retardation in early childhood. In all body fluids of these patients, two succinylpurine metabolites can be found that are normally not detectable: succinyladenosine and succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide (SAICA) riboside. A Beckman P/ACE 2050 capillary electrophoresis system was used with a 47.1 cm capillary, 75 mu m ID, and the P/ACE Beckman UV absorbance detector. Untreated urine, injected for 1 s, was separated in a pH 8.63 berate buffer at 20 kV. The two succinylpurines (migration times 13.36 and 13.60 min) were detected at 254 nm only in urine of patients with ASase deficiency but not in control samples. RP GROSS, M (reprint author), UNIV MUNICH,KLINIKUM INNENSTADT,MED POLIKLIN,PURINLAB,PETTENKOFERSTR 8A,D-80336 MUNICH,GERMANY. CR DEBREE PK, 1986, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V156, P279, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(86)90071-9 GUZMAN NA, 1989, J LIQ CHROMATOGR, V12, P2563 JAEKEN J, 1989, LANCET, V1, P500 JAEKEN J, 1992, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V15, P416, DOI 10.1007/BF02435992 JAEKEN J, 1988, EUR J PEDIATR, V148, P126, DOI 10.1007/BF00445919 JAEKEN J, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1058 MADDOCKS J, 1989, LANCET, V1, P158 Van den Berghe G, 1986, Adv Exp Med Biol, V195 Pt A, P27 Wadman S K, 1986, Adv Exp Med Biol, V195 Pt A, P21 NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 1995 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1927 EP 1929 DI 10.1002/elps.11501601318 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TF548 UT WOS:A1995TF54800020 PM 8586067 ER PT J AU Roux, S Malvy, J Bruneau, N Garreau, B Guerin, P Sauvage, D Barthelemy, C AF Roux, S Malvy, J Bruneau, N Garreau, B Guerin, P Sauvage, D Barthelemy, C TI Identification of behaviour profiles within a population of autistic children using multivariate statistical methods SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; behaviour scale; correspondence analysis; cluster analysis ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; SUMMARIZED EVALUATION; MOTOR IMITATION; SUBCLASSIFICATION; DISORDERS AB The Revised Behaviour Summarized Evaluation Scale (BSE-R) was developed for the objective evaluation of autistic behaviours in order to facilitate the recording of the evolution of developmentally disabled children. Among its 29 items, 13 items that precisely describe the degree of autistic behaviours were extracted by Principal Component Analysis. We hypothesised that these relevant behaviours could differentiate autistic behaviour profiles in a population of children previously diagnosed as typically autistic. For this purpose, we used an original multivariate descriptive statistical approach, Correspondence Analysis, which can help in detecting structural relationships among variables. In a population of autistic children initially diagnosed using DSM-III-R criteria, this procedure proved effective in identifying new main dimensions of behaviours among the 13 previously defined core autistic symptoms. Cluster analysis, which followed factorial analysis, allowed the identification of three meaningful behaviour profiles separated principally on the basis of two main functions, perception and imitation, which have been always considered to be fundamentally involved in autistic syndrome. The individualisation of homogeneous subgroups of children on the basis of the behavioural evaluation provides a potentially useful starting point for further biological and therapeutic studies. RP Roux, S (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,NEUROPHYSIOL DEV LAB,2 BD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BARTHELEMY C, 1995, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE BARTHELEMY C, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P271 BARTHELEMY C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211844 BARTHELEMY C, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01046400 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS Benzecri J.P., 1973, ANAL DONNEES, V2 Benzecri JP, 1969, METHODOLOGIES PATTER, P35 Benzecri JP, 1973, ANAL DONNEES, VI Bergman P, 1949, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V3-4, P333 Bruneau N, 1987, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl, V40, P584 BRUNEAU N, 1990, BRAIN BEHAVIOR CHILD, P217 BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL PREMIERE BUITELAAR JK, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY A CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 COLEMAN M, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P163 DAWSON G, 1983, BRAIN COGNITION, V2, P346, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(83)90018-0 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 GILLINGHAM G, 1991, P THERAPEUTIC APPROA GRANDIN T, 1984, J ORTHOMOL MED, V13, P144 HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 HEIMANN M, 1992, BEHAV NEUROL, V5, P219, DOI 10.3233/BEN-1992-5404 HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 JAMES AL, 1980, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V6, P506 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KISTNER J, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P591 Lebart L, 1984, MULTIVARIATE DESCRIP Lelord G., 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P335 LELORD G, 1966, PEDOPSYCHIATRIE, V1, P159 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 ORNITZ EM, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V19, P85, DOI 10.3109/00207458309148648 ORNITZ EM, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON, P50 ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P76 PRETCHTL HFR, 1980, EARLY HUM DEV, V4, P201 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SKINNER HA, 1982, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V50, P727, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.50.5.727 FARMER AE, 1983, PSYCHIAT RES, V8, P1, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(83)90132-4 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 *WHO, 1986, CLASS MENT BEH DIS WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI BERLIN 33 PA C/O SPRINGER-VERLAG, HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, 1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA TK796 UT WOS:A1995TK79600004 PM 8608390 ER PT J AU Serra, M Minderaa, RB vanGeert, PLC Jackson, AE AF Serra, M Minderaa, RB vanGeert, PLC Jackson, AE TI An exploration of person perception abilities in children with a pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE social-cognition; person perception; PDDNOS ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; BELIEFS; ATTRIBUTION; AUTISM AB This explorative study investigates differences in person perception abilities between a group of children diagnosed as having a Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDDNOS) and a group of normal children of the same age and sex. Person perception, a social-cognitive skill, concerns the way in which children conceptualise other people, their intentions, attitudes, traits and emotions (central), as well as their overt behaviour and their physical characteristics (peripheral). Person perception was investigated by means of a free-person description, in which the child was asked to describe another person. Children with a PDDNOS used more peripheral and less central statements than the control group to describe another person. However, these differences seemed to reflect differences in intelligence between the two groups, rather than differences in a specific social-cognitive skill. The results need to be replicated, but seem to be in line with other studies that suggest that there may be subgroups of the autistic spectrum that show severe social impairment but have good social-cognitive abilities. C1 UNIV GRONINGEN,DEPT DEV PSYCHOL,GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP Serra, M (reprint author), UNIV GRONINGEN,CTR CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,OOSTERSINGEL 59,POSTBUS 30 001,9700 RB GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BARTKO JJ, 1976, PSYCHOL BULL, V83, P762, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.83.5.762 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 GILLBERG C, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00116.x GILLBERG CL, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P813 HONESS T, 1980, CHILD DEV, V51, P476 Livesley W. J., 1973, PERSON PERCEPTION CH MATTHYS W, 1990, ZELF ANDER REPRESENT MINDERAA RB, 1992, KINDER JEUGDPSYCHIAT, P380 MINDERAA RB, 1989, NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRI, V33, P222 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PEEVERS BH, 1973, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V27, P120, DOI 10.1037/h0034469 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SERRA M, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P475, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01304.x SHANTZ C, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL CO, V3 Verhulst F., 1990, PRAKTISCHE HANDLEIDI VOLKMAR FR, 1991, PSYCHIATRY, P1 Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND WELLMAN HM, 1988, COGNITION, V30, P239, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90021-2 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI BERLIN 33 PA C/O SPRINGER-VERLAG, HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, 1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 259 EP 269 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA TK796 UT WOS:A1995TK79600005 PM 8608391 ER PT J AU CATTELLGORDON, D CATTELLGORDON, D AF CATTELLGORDON, D CATTELLGORDON, D TI A NEW PARADIGM OF RESPONSIVENESS IN AUTISM SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Editorial Material RP CATTELLGORDON, D (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,CTR CANC,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. CR *AUT RES I, AUT RES REV INT Greenspan S. I., 1992, INFANCY EARLY CHILDH LOVASS OI, 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Maurice C., 1993, LET ME HEAR YOUR VOI NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2 BP R5 EP R7 PG 3 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA RW733 UT WOS:A1995RW73300002 ER PT J AU ELIASOPH, E DONNELLAN, AM AF ELIASOPH, E DONNELLAN, AM TI A GROUP-THERAPY PROGRAM FOR INDIVIDUALS IDENTIFIED AS AUTISTIC WHO ARE WITHOUT SPEECH AND USE FACILITATED COMMUNICATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article AB The first author directed a group-therapy program of 20 sessions for clients without speech, diagnosed with autism who communicate using facilitated communication. An average of five clients and their facilitators, the leader, and an assistant leader comprised the group. The themes that emerged and the group-development process observed paralleled regular verbal groups in many respects. The success of the project challenges accepted views of persons labeled autistic as intractably and inevitably isolated and unreachable. C1 PSYCHODRAMA INST NEW HAVEN,NEW HAVEN,CT. SO CONNECTICUT STATE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06515. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH EDUC,MADISON,WI. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARKER B, 1993, GETTING TOUGH WORKBO BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 Bion W. R., 1961, EXPERIENCES GROUPS Blatner A., 1973, ACTING PRACTICAL APP CARDINAL D, 1994, MAY FAC COMM C SYR CESARONI L, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02207327 DONNELLAN A, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P213 DONNELLAN AM, 1995, MOVEMENT DIFFERENCES Donnellan M., 1993, EMOTIONAL MATURITY W EASTHAM M, 1992, SILENT WORDS FOREVER HILL DA, 1993, MOVEMENT DISTURBANCE MAJURE LA, 1994, THESIS U WISCONSIN M MARCUS G, 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC SHEEHAN C, 1994, MAY FAC COMM C SYR VASQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369 WHITAKER D. S., 1964, PSYCHOTHERAPY GROUP Williams D, 1994, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE WINNICOTT D. W., 1989, PSYCHOANALYTIC EXPLO, P96 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 PU GUILFORD PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0020-7284 J9 INT J GROUP PSYCHOTH JI Int. J. Group Psychother. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 BP 549 EP 560 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA RV247 UT WOS:A1995RV24700007 PM 7558507 ER PT J AU DAWSON, G KLINGER, LG PANAGIOTIDES, H LEWY, A CASTELLOE, P AF DAWSON, G KLINGER, LG PANAGIOTIDES, H LEWY, A CASTELLOE, P TI SUBGROUPS OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN BASED ON SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR DISPLAY DISTINCT PATTERNS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; ABNORMALITIES; INDIVIDUALS; TOMOGRAPHY; METABOLISM; CHILDHOOD; EEG AB Two questions were addressed in the present study: (I) Do autistic and normally developing children exhibit regionally specific differences in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity? (2) Do subgroups of autistic children classified according to Wing and Could's (1979) system which emphasizes degree of social impairment exhibit distinct patterns of EEG activity? Twenty-eight children with autism (5 to 18 years of age) and two groups of normally developing children (one matched on chronological age and the other on receptive language level) participated. EEG was recorded from left and right frontal, temporal, and parietal regions during an alert baseline condition. Compared to normally developing children, autistic children exhibited reduced EEG power in the frontal and temporal regions, but not in the parietal region. Differences were more prominent in the left than the right hemisphere. Furthermore, subgroups of autistic children based on Wing and Gould's system displayed distinct patterns of brain activity. Compared to autistic children classified as ''active-but-odd,'' ''passive'' autistic children displayed reduced alpha EEG power in the frontal region. RP DAWSON, G (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PSYCHOL,NI-25,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, P129 BAUMAN M, 1991, PEDIATRICS S, P791 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 BUCHSBAUM MS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF01046407 CANTOR DS, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF01531728 CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AUTISM NEW PERSPECTI, P119 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DAWSON G, 1982, BRAIN LANG, V15, P353, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(82)90065-7 DAWSON G, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF01531566 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P144 DAWSON G, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P1440, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00469.x DeLong G. R., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P207 GEORGE MS, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P413, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199207000-00002 LEDOUX JE, 1987, HDB PHYSL, V5 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, P774 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SMALL JG, 1975, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V10, P385 TANGUAY P, 1974, BIS REPORT, V34, P27 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P367 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 27 TC 59 Z9 60 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 23 IS 5 BP 569 EP 583 DI 10.1007/BF01447662 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TD016 UT WOS:A1995TD01600003 PM 8568080 ER PT J AU HEIMANN, M NELSON, KE TJUS, T GILLBERG, C AF HEIMANN, M NELSON, KE TJUS, T GILLBERG, C TI INCREASING READING AND COMMUNICATION-SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM THROUGH AN INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER-PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID MICROCOMPUTER; ACQUISITION AB This paper reports on the effect of using an interactive and child-initiated microcomputer program (Alpha) when teaching three groups of children (N = 30) reading and communications skills: (a) 11 children with autism (M chronological age, CA = 9:4 years), (b) 9 children with mixed handicaps (M CA = 13:1), and (9) 10 normal preschool children (M CA = 6:4 years). Their mental age varied from 5:8 years to 6:9 years and ail children received computer instruction supplementary to their regular reading and writing activities. Tests of reading and phonological development were carried out at the onset of the training (Start), at the end (Post I), and at a follow-up evaluation (Post 2). In addition, video observations of the childrens' verbal and nonverbal communication were added at Start and Post 1. The children with autism increased both their word reading and their phonological awareness through the use of the Alpha program. Clearly significant gains were observed during the intervention but none during the follow-up period. A similar but weaker pattern is observed for the children with mixed handicaps. In contrast, the normal preschool children increased their scores regardless of the program. Analyses of the children's classroom behavior indicate that the intervention succeeded in stimulating verbal expressions among the children with autism and mired handicap. A significant increase in enjoyment was also noted for the children with autism. It is concluded that the intervention with a motivating multimedia program might stimulate reading and communication in children with various developmental disabilities, but that such interventions must be individually based and include both detailed planning and monitoring from teachers, and parents, as well as from clinicians in charge. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP HEIMANN, M (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,HARALDSGATAU 1,S-41314 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALDREY S, 1991, MICROCOMPUTERS CLIN, P138 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS BERNARD-OPITZ V, 1990, Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore, V19, P611 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 COLBY KM, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P254, DOI 10.1007/BF01538283 COLDWELL RA, 1991, AUSTR ED COMPUTING, P10 COLDWELL RA, 1991, 9TH P AUSTR COMP ED, P94 Conti-Ramsden G., 1992, PRAGMATIC DISABILITY DOUGLAS J, 1991, MICROCOMPUTERS CLIN, P119 GREEN S, 1991, COMMUNICATION, V25, P12 HAGTVET B, 1984, REYNELLS SPRAKTEST HASSELBRING TS, 1984, MICROCOMPUTERS EXCEP, P7 Heimann M., 1993, SCANDINAVIAN J LOGOP, V18, P3 HEIMANN M, 1993, 2ND P EUR C ADV REH HOWLIN P, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P151 Howlin P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C IACONO T A, 1992, AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication), V8, P33, DOI 10.1080/07434619212331276023 JORDAN R, 1990, COMMUNICATION, V24, P20 JORDAN R, 1990, COMMUNICATION, V24, P23 Light J, 1988, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V4, P66, DOI [10.1080/07434618812331274657, DOI 10.1080/07434618812331274657] NELSON KE, 1991, ALPHA INTERACTIVE LA NELSON KE, 1985, LINGUISTICS, V23, P43 NELSON KE, 1991, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, P399 NELSON KE, 1977, DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P101, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.13.2.101 NELSON KE, 1991, ADVANCES IN COGNITION, EDUCATION, AND DEAFNESS, P162 NELSON KE, 1993, PSYCHOL PERSPECTIVES PANYAN MV, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF02409828 PRINZ PM, 1985, AM ANN DEAF, V130, P444 PRINZ PM, 1985, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V6, P283, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400006214 Raven J. C., 1984, COLOURED PROGR MATRI Reynell J., 1977, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE Romanczyk R. G., 1992, AUTISM IDENTIFICATIO, P21 ROMSKI MA, 1989, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V5, P109, DOI 10.1080/07434618912331275086 Schopler E., 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SEMMEL MI, 1984, MICROCOMPUTERS EXCEP, P63 TAUBE K, 1984, LASNING SKRIVNING HA Torneus M, 1984, FONOLOGISK MEDVETENH UNDERWOOD J, 1990, COMPUTERS LEARNING NR 40 TC 74 Z9 74 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 459 EP 480 DI 10.1007/BF02178294 PG 22 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TC134 UT WOS:A1995TC13400001 PM 8567593 ER PT J AU PFEIFFER, SI NORTON, J NELSON, L SHOTT, S AF PFEIFFER, SI NORTON, J NELSON, L SHOTT, S TI EFFICACY OF VITAMIN-B6 AND MAGNESIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF AUTISM - A METHODOLOGY REVIEW AND SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOTHERAPY-RESEARCH; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; TERM AB Pauling's orthomolecular hypothesis appeared in 1968, stating that some forms of mental illness and disease are related to biochemical errors in the body. Vitamin therapy is believed to be a means of compensating for such errors. There have been few empirical studies on vitamin therapy in individuals with autism. This article presents a critical analysis of the 12 published studies located through an extensive computerized search. Studies were systematically evaluated to provide an objective assessment of empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of vitamin treatment The majority of studies report a favorable response to vitamin treatment. However, interpretation of these positive findings needs to be tempered because of methodological shortcomings inherent in many of the studies. For example, a number of studies employed imprecise outcome measures, were based on small samples and possible repeat use of the same subjects in move than one study, did not adjust for regression effects in measuring improvement, and omitted collecting long-term follow-up data. Recommendations ave offered to assist researchers in designing future investigations. C1 DEVEREUX INST CLIN TRAINING & RES,DEVON,PA. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NYU,NEW YORK,NY 10012. CR BARTHELEMY C, 1983, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V31, P289 BARTHELEMY C, 1981, MAGNESIUM-B, V2, P150 BARTHELEMY C, 1980, THERAPIE, V35, P627 BARTHELEMY C, 1988, CLIN PHYSL APPLICATI, P329 BONISH VE, 1968, PROXIS KINDERPSYCHOL, V8, P308 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P778 GARREAU B, 1980, ACTA PSYCHIATRICA BE, V80, P240 GUALTIERI CT, 1983, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, V3, P202 JACOBSON NS, 1991, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V59, P12, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.59.1.12 JONAS C, 1984, THERAPIE, V39, P37 KAZDIN AE, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P277, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004399 KAZDIN AE, 1988, CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY, P23 LELORD G, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01531686 LELORD G, 1978, REV NEUROL, V134, P797 Lipsey M. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 481 EP 493 DI 10.1007/BF02178295 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TC134 UT WOS:A1995TC13400002 PM 8567594 ER PT J AU LINCOLN, AJ COURCHESNE, E HARMS, L ALLEN, M AF LINCOLN, AJ COURCHESNE, E HARMS, L ALLEN, M TI SENSORY MODULATION OF AUDITORY-STIMULI IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND RECEPTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER - EVENT-RELATED BRAIN POTENTIAL EVIDENCE SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID EVOKED-POTENTIALS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; PROCESSING ABILITIES; INFORMATION; STEM; INTENSITY; CHILDHOOD AB Three groups of age- and PIQ-matched children (Autism, Receptive Developmental Language Disorder, and normal controls) participated in two event-related brain potential (ERP) experiments. Each of these experiments was aimed at evaluating whether either of the two clinical groups of children demonstrated abnormalities in two auditory ERP components N1 and P2, which are known to be dependent on stimulus characteristics (frequency, intensity, and probability), and believed to be generated within primary and secondary cortex. Results of Experiment 1 provide partial support for the idea that both clinical groups failed to fully process changes in stimulus intensity as indexed by the N1 component. Results are discussed in reference to potential abnormalities in serotonergic regulation of auditory cortex. C1 CALIF SCH PROFESS PSYCHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. RP LINCOLN, AJ (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,8001 FROST ST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123, USA. CR ADAMS J, 1995, UNPUB EXAMINATION EV ADAMS J, 1987, CURRENT TRENDS EVO S, V40, P577 ADLER G, 1989, AUDIOLOGY, V28, P316 ADLER G, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V81, P453, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05480.x ADLER G, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P347, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90220-G AKSHOOMOFF N, 1989, BRAIN LANG, V37, P409, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(89)90028-X ALHO K, 1989, EVENT RELATED BRAIN ALLEN MH, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02206872 BRUNEAU N, 1987, CURRENT TRENDS EVENT, V40, P584 COURCHESNE E, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P238, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90063-7 COURCHESNE E, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V61, P491, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(85)90967-8 COURCHESNE E, 1978, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V45, P468, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(78)90291-2 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02212714 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 DAWSON G, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P493, DOI 10.1007/BF02211869 GRILLON C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF02211845 HEGERL U, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P173, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90137-3 JAMES AL, 1980, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V17, P541, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb02294.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LINCOLN AJ, 1992, BRAIN LANG, V43, P613, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(92)90086-T LINCOLN AJ, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01066417 Mäkelä J P, 1990, Adv Neurol, V54, P177 NAATANEN R, 1987, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V24, P375, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00311.x NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 NOVICK B, 1979, PSYCHIAT RES, V1, P101, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90034-9 OADES RD, 1987, INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL, V6, P25 Ornitz E. M., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P174 PICTON TW, 1978, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V45, P198, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(78)90004-4 PRITCHARD WS, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF01495058 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT TALLAL P, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V24, P351 Vaughan H. G., 1988, HDB ELECTROENCEPHALO, P45 WOOD CC, 1984, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V425, P681, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23595.x NR 33 TC 62 Z9 62 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 521 EP 539 DI 10.1007/BF02178298 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TC134 UT WOS:A1995TC13400005 PM 8567597 ER PT J AU WIMPORY, D CHADWICK, P NASH, S AF WIMPORY, D CHADWICK, P NASH, S TI MUSICAL INTERACTION THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - AN EVALUATIVE CASE-STUDY WITH 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP - BRIEF REPORT SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID SOCIAL DEFICITS; BEHAVIOR C1 GWYNEDD HLTH AUTHOR,BANGOR,GWYNEDD,WALES. RP WIMPORY, D (reprint author), UNIV COLL N WALES,BANGOR,GWYNEDD,WALES. RI Chadwick, Paul/H-3496-2012 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARTAK L, 1973, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V14, P241 Bates E., 1976, LANGUAGE CONTEXT ACQ CARLILE S, 1990, THESIS U COLLEGE N W CHRISTIE P, 1992, HDB CHILD ADOLESCENT CHRISTIE P, 1986, COMMUNICATION, V20, P4 COHN JF, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P386, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.386 CONDON WS, 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT COURCHESNE E, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D CROSBIE J, 1987, BEHAV ASSESS, V9, P141 DAWSON G, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FELDSTEIN S, 1982, J COMMUN DISORD, V15, P451, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(82)90018-1 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Griffiths R., 1984, ABILITIES YOUNG CHIL Hobson P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 HOBSON RP, 1994, ORIGINS UNDERSTANDIN HOBSON RP, 1994, AUTISM DEV MIND Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI LORD C, 1984, APPLIED DEV PSYCHOL, V1 LORD C, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO Main M., 1974, EFFECT INFANT ITS CA, P49 MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01531588 MORLEY S, 1991, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V30, P97 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO NEEL RS, 1990, BEHAV DISORDERS, V16, P39 NEWSON E, 1987, CHILDREN SOC, V1, P34 NEWSON E, 1978, MAKING SENSE AUTISM NEWSON E, 1984, NATIONAL AUTISTIC SO Newson J., 1974, B BRIT PSYCHOL SOC, V27, P251 PRIZANT BM, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO RATNER N, 1978, J CHILD LANG, V5, P391 Reddy V., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Reichler Robert, 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM SCA SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P834, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00005 STERN D, 1977, 1ST RELATIONSHIP INF STERN DN, 1985, SOCIAL PERCEPTION IN TREVARTHEN C., 1978, ACTION GESTURE SYMBO TREVARTHEN C, 1987, SYMBOLISM KNOWLEDGE UNGERER J, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO WIMPORY D, 1994, CHILD DEV RES UNIT S WIMPORY D, 1986, B BRIT PSYCHOL SOC, V39, pA147 WIMPORY D, 1990, NAS C EXPT PSYCHOL A WIMPORY D, 1985, ENABLING COMMUNICATI WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 541 EP 552 DI 10.1007/BF02178299 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TC134 UT WOS:A1995TC13400006 PM 8567598 ER PT J AU ZAMBRINO, CA BALOTTIN, U BETTAGLIO, E GERARDO, A LANZI, G AF ZAMBRINO, CA BALOTTIN, U BETTAGLIO, E GERARDO, A LANZI, G TI OBSTETRICAL, SUBOPTIMALITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - AN ITALIAN SAMPLE SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter C1 IRCCS,FDN IST NEUROL C MONDINO,DIV NEUROPSICHIAT INFANTILE,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT DEYKIN EY, 1980, AM J DIS CHILD, V134, P860 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531816 KILLERMAN M, 1983, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V14, P29 MASONBROTHERS A, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P514 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.1007/BF02178300 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TC134 UT WOS:A1995TC13400007 PM 8567599 ER PT J AU KLIN, A VOLKMAR, FR SPARROW, SS CICCHETTI, DV ROURKE, BP AF KLIN, A VOLKMAR, FR SPARROW, SS CICCHETTI, DV ROURKE, BP TI VALIDITY AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPERGER SYNDROME - CONVERGENCE WITH NONVERBAL LEARNING-DISABILITIES SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE ASPERGER SYNDROME; NONVERBAL LEARNING DISABILITIES; AUTISM ID RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; AUTISM; CRITERIA AB The authors investigated the validity of Asperger Syndrome (AS) by comparing the neuropsychological profiles in this condition and Higher-Functioning Autism (HFA). Diagnostic assignment followed a stringent procedure based on ICD-10 research criteria for the two disorders. The groups had comparable age and Full Scale IQ distributions. The groups differed significantly in 11 neuropsychological areas. The profile obtained for individuals with AS coincided closely with a cluster of neuropsychological assets and deficits captured by the term nonverbal learning disabilities, suggesting an empirical distinction from HFA. RP KLIN, A (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,230 S FRONTAGE RD,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H., 1979, COMMUNICATION, V13, P45 Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 DAWSON G, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF01531566 DENCKLA MB, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P461 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P651, DOI 10.1007/BF01046333 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUSTIN DEV DISORDE, V15, P389 Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V3, P131 Klin A., 1995, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V4, P617 KRAEMER HC, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P37, DOI 10.2307/2685259 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P65 MOLINA JD, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P745 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x Rourke B. P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D Rumsey JM, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P41 Rutter M., 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P545 RUTTER M, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P499, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00264.x Siegel S., 1988, NONPARAMETRIC STATIS SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x Tantam D., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P147, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.005 Tsai L. Y., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P11 VOELLER KKS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1004 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 Volkmar FR, 1991, PSYCHIAT CHILD PSYCH, V2, P1 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF01046103 WEINTRAUB S, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P463 *WHO, 1990, UNPUB INT CLASS DIS, pCH5 Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 NR 37 TC 234 Z9 239 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1140 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RZ325 UT WOS:A1995RZ32500003 PM 8847376 ER PT J AU BORMANNKISCHKEL, C VILSMEIER, M BAUDE, B AF BORMANNKISCHKEL, C VILSMEIER, M BAUDE, B TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL CONCEPTS IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; EMOTION; RECOGNITION; EMOTIONAL CONCEPTS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; FACES AB Forty-one high-functioning individuals with autism between the ages of 7 and 36 and an age and intelligence matched comparison group were investigated in their ability to recognise emotions in photographs. A colour identification task served as control condition. The autistic group was significantly impaired on the emotions task only. There was no substantial difference between groups in the structures underlying their emotional concepts (pleasantness and arousal). However, there is a trend for the autistic group to rely on other strategies in the recognition of emotions than the comparison group. These strategies may be insufficient in the appreciation of facial expressions. RP BORMANNKISCHKEL, C (reprint author), BEZIRSKRANKENHAUS REGENSBURG,KINDER & JUGENDPSYCHIAT KLIN,POSTFACH 93042,D-93042 REGENSBURG,GERMANY. 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A., 1986, MEASURING EMOTIONS I, V2, P203 RUSSELL JA, 1983, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V45, P1281, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1281 RUTTER M, 1978, SUTISM, P1 SIGMAN MD, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P796, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1167, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00185.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V40, P450, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90077-3 VONKRATZMEIER H, 1987, RAVEN MATRIZEN TEST WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 38 TC 67 Z9 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1243 EP 1259 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01368.x PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RZ325 UT WOS:A1995RZ32500010 PM 8847383 ER PT J AU NINNESS, HAC FUERST, J RUTHERFORD, R AF NINNESS, HAC FUERST, J RUTHERFORD, R TI A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DURING PRE-UNSUPERVISED AND POST-UNSUPERVISED SELF-MANAGEMENT BY STUDENTS WITH SERIOUS EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE - A WITHIN-STUDY REPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SKILLS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; CLASSROOM; CHILDREN; PACKAGE; MAINTENANCE; SUPERVISION; VARIABLES; AUTISM AB A descriptive analysis of disruptive behavior was generated from filmed observations prior to and following training in self-management skins. Two junior high students with serious emotional disturbance (SED) were covertly videotaped during in-classroom and between-classroom performance in the absence of supervision. Videotapes were analyzed by descriptive analysis of conditions associated with disruptive/off-task behaviors. Descriptive analysis revealed that maladaptive behaviors were self-initiated in unsupervised settings. It also is apparent from this analysis that maladaptive behaviors were correlated with provocation by peers and with continuing disruptive interaction between students once an off-task/disruptive episode had begun. Treatment procedures were applied by way of a multiple baseline across settings design and included instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and rehearsal in the apparent absence of supervision. Self-management training features included self assessment, self-recording, and self-reinforcement for correct approximations of on-task and socially appropriate behavior. Outcomes suggest that the descriptive analysis was predictive of the conditions correlated with problem behaviors and that on-task/socially appropriate behaviors were transferred and sustained while operating under the influence of self-management in the absence of supervision. C1 STEPHEN F AUSTIN STATE UNIV,BEHAV ANAL PROGRAM,SFA STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962. AUSTIN INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,AUSTIN,TX. DENTON TEXAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,INSTRUCT SERV,DENTON,TX. RP NINNESS, HAC (reprint author), STEPHEN F AUSTIN STATE UNIV,SCH PSYCHOL,POB 13019,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. 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L., 1993, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V1, P138 HAYES SC, 1993, BEHAV ANALYST, V16, P283 Hayes SC, 1989, RULE GOVERNED BEHAV, P119 HNSON RE, 1991, APR NAT ASS SCH PSYC HOUGHTON SJ, 1991, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V7, P49, DOI 10.1080/0266736910070108 HUGHES CA, 1989, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V14, P250 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 Kern L, 1994, J Appl Behav Anal, V27, P7, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-7 KERNDUNLAP L, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P355, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-355 KNAPCZYK DR, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P481, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-481 KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 LALLI JS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-227 LAM AL, 1994, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V23, P44 LERMAN DC, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P293, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-293 MAAG JW, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-329 MACE FC, 1988, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V19, P714 MACE FC, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P155, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90004-C MACE FC, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P553, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-553 Malott R. W., 1989, RULE GOVERNED BEHAV, P269 MCGINNIS E, 1984, SOCIAL AFFECTIVE INT, P87 MCLAUGHLIN TF, 1983, BEHAV ENG, V8, P69 NEEF NA, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P37, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-37 NINNESS HAC, 1993, ASSESSMENT TREATMENT NINNESS HAC, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P499, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-499 NINNESS HAC, 1995, BEHAV MODIF, V19, P464, DOI 10.1177/01454455950194004 OLEARY SG, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-449 RHODE G, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-171 RORTVEDT AK, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P327, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-327 ROSENBAUM MS, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P467, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-467 SASSO GM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P809, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-809 SKIBA R, 1991, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V20, P580 SMITH DJ, 1992, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V21, P59 SMITH DJ, 1980, BEAHVIOR DISORDERS, V13, P231 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 TAYLOR JC, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P251, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-251 *US DEP ED, 1991, 13TH ANN REP C IMPL WILSON R, 1984, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V9, P131 YOUNG KR, 1987, TEACHING SELF MANAGE NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 1063-4266 J9 J EMOT BEHAV DISORD JI J. Emot. Behav. Disord. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 3 IS 4 BP 230 EP 240 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA TC148 UT WOS:A1995TC14800005 ER PT J AU ESTRADA, AU PINSOF, WM AF ESTRADA, AU PINSOF, WM TI THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FAMILY THERAPIES FOR SELECTED BEHAVIORAL-DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD SO JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY LA English DT Review ID PARENT-TRAINING-PROGRAM; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CONDUCT-PROBLEM CHILDREN; SELF-CONTROL THERAPY; TERM FOLLOW-UP; ATTENTION-DEFICIT; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; MULTIMODALITY TREATMENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY-RESEARCH; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE AB This article reviews the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of family-based approaches in the treatment of selected childhood behavioral disorders. Although limitations certainly exist, family interventions have consistently improved child and, in some cases, parent functioning in families with children presenting with conduct disorder (CD) and autism. Parents and other family members also directly benefit from child-focused interventions, gaining in knowledge, child management skills, and attitudinal improvements. Long-term follow-ups indicate that CD and autistic children achieved lasting gains. Similarly, the research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that parent training improves child noncompliance and aggression yet does not consistently affect core symptoms of ADHD. There is no evidence that adding short-term family interventions improves ADHD child functioning beyond improvements from the use of psychostimulant medications. Some tentative support for family involvement in the treatment of childhood anxieties and fears is reviewed, but clear conclusions await future investigations. 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C., 1985, HDB CLIN BEHAV THERA, P218 WELLS KC, 1980, BEHAV RES THER, V18, P347, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(80)90094-7 WELLS KC, 1984, BEHAVIORAL THEORIES, P413 WELLS KC, 1988, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V29, P138, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(88)90006-5 WERRY JS, 1986, ANXIETY DISORDERS CH, P73 WILTZ NA, 1974, BEHAV THER, V5, P215, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(74)80137-1 ZASTOWNY TR, 1986, HEALTH PSYCHOL, V5, P231, DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.5.3.231 NR 136 TC 28 Z9 29 PU AMER ASSOC MARRIAGE FAMILY THERAPY INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1100 17TH ST NW, TENTH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0194-472X J9 J MARITAL FAM THER JI J. Marital Fam. Ther. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 21 IS 4 BP 403 EP 440 DI 10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00173.x PG 38 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA TB910 UT WOS:A1995TB91000006 ER PT J AU ACKLAND, MJ WADE, RW AF ACKLAND, MJ WADE, RW TI HEALTH-STATUS OF VICTORIAN SPECIAL SCHOOL-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HEALTH NEEDS; HEALTH STATUS; SPECIAL SCHOOL; STUDENT ID FRAGILE-X AB Objective: This study sought to determine the health status and health needs of a sample of students attending special schools for the intellectually disabled in Victoria, Australia. Methodology: Two hundred and forty-nine students not previously seen by a Community Child Health Medical Officer (CCHMO) were assessed at school. Data on student, parent and staff needs were obtained through personal interviews and documented on a standard questionnaire. Health status was documented using data obtained from parents and teachers as well as the clinical assessment. Results: Comparison of the number of problems reported by parents with the number confirmed at examination showed significant underreporting of vision, hearing and general medical problems. However, behaviour problems were nearly all reported. Many students had multiple problems with 63% having 2-4 problems and 11% having 5-8 problems. Ninety-nine (40%) of the 249 children seen had newly detected problems; vision (24), hearing (24) and obesity (9) were the most common. Two hundred and forty-four (98%) had known problems and 27% of these had insufficient information available from parents or staff to completely ascertain their health status. In 115 cases the primary problem was intellectual impairment of unknown cause. Down's syndrome was the next most common underlying diagnosis (30) followed by autism (24), epilepsy (21) and cerebral palsy (15). The most common secondary diagnoses were asthma (16), congenital heart defects (12), seizures (8) and skin problems (8). Many students required referral for further management both for newly detected problems (64%) and known problems (18%). Parents required counselling and/or discussion on a number of issues for both newly detected problems (66%) and known problems (39%); when counselling had taken place parent and staff concerns had reduced significantly by the time of the follow-up assessment. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that in those students with known intellectual impairment there were many with other unrecognized health problems and unmet needs. These findings have implications for health services provided to children attending special schools. C1 HLTH & COMMUNITY SERV,CHILD HLTH BRANCH,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. CR CULLEN RB, 1992, INTEGRATION SPECIAL LEWIS S, 1990, ARCH DIS CHILD, V65, P803 PALFREY JS, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V85, P518 PICKERING D, 1991, SPECIAL SCH STUDENTS TURNER G, 1992, LANCET, V339, P1210, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91142-U WEBB TP, 1986, J MED GENET, V23, P396, DOI 10.1136/jmg.23.5.396 1995, 1993 94 VICT DEP HLT 1992, ABS27222 AUSTR BUR S NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL AUSTR PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1034-4810 J9 J PAEDIATR CHILD H JI J. Paediatr. Child Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00851.x PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA TC124 UT WOS:A1995TC12400013 PM 8554863 ER PT J AU ALAGHBANDRAD, J MCKENNA, K GORDON, CT ALBUS, KE HAMBURGER, SD RUMSEY, JM FRAZIER, JA LENANE, MC RAPOPORT, JL AF ALAGHBANDRAD, J MCKENNA, K GORDON, CT ALBUS, KE HAMBURGER, SD RUMSEY, JM FRAZIER, JA LENANE, MC RAPOPORT, JL TI CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA - THE SEVERITY OF PREMORBID COURSE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREMORBID; PRODROME; PREPSYCHOTIC ID 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; ADULT SCHIZOPHRENICS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; BLOOD-FLOW; PHENOMENOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; PSYCHOSES AB Objective: To review the premorbid histories of 23 children meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia with onset before age 12 years and to compare these with childhood data of later-onset schizophrenics. Method: Premorbid features up to 1 year before onset of first psychotic symptoms were rated from hospital and clinic records, clinical interviews, rating scales, and tests. Results: In keeping with previous studies, specific developmental disabilities and transient early symptoms of autism, particularly motor stereotypies, were common. Comparison with the childhood of later-onset schizophrenics showed greater delay in language development, and more premorbid speech and language disorders, learning disorders, and disruptive behavior disorders. (Sixty percent had received or were estimated to meet criteria for one or more clinical diagnoses.) Conclusions: Childhood-onset schizophrenia may represent a more malignant form of the disorder, although selection and ascertainment bias cannot be ruled out. The presence of prepsychotic language difficulties focuses attention on the importance of early temporal and frontal lobe development; early transient motor stereotypies suggest developmental basal ganglia abnormalities and extend previous findings seen in the childhood of later-onset patients. RP ALAGHBANDRAD, J (reprint author), NIMH,CHILD PSYCHIAT BRANCH,BLDG 10,ROOM 6N240,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1273 EP 1283 DI 10.1097/00004583-199510000-00012 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA RX165 UT WOS:A1995RX16500012 PM 7592264 ER PT J AU OZONOFF, S AF OZONOFF, S TI RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST IN STUDIES OF AUTISM SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; TEST-PERFORMANCE; RATING-SCALE; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; INDIVIDUALS; CHALLENGE AB Three studies were conducted with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) with autistic individuals. In Study 1, it was found that the traditional WCST is a highly reliable test for use with both autistic children and children with learning disabilities over time. In Study 2, the equivalence of the standard and computerized versions of the WCST was examined. Low-to-moderate alternate format reliability for both autistic and nonautistic samples was revealed. Study 3 dealt with group differences in performance as a function of WCST format. Although autistic children were significantly impaired relative to controls on the standard WCST, group differences on the computerized version of the test were attenuated. Autistic children tended to perform better on the computer than with the traditional format, suggesting that alternative forms of the test are not equivalent for this group. The potential contribution of social-motivational factors to this finding is discussed. RP OZONOFF, S (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHOL,502 BEHAV SCI,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON SW, 1991, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V13, P909, DOI 10.1080/01688639108405107 Baddeley A. 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A retrospective evaluation of 1,946 children 0-5 years of age referred to the Tel Aviv Child Development Center (CDC) between 1981 and 1990 was performed. The study was undertaken to determine the cumulative risk of unprovoked seizures in children referred to a CDC and to assess the risk factors associated with seizures in these children. The center serves the Tel Aviv area for a variety of developmental disabilities. Cumulative risk of seizures and risk factors were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methodology. Unprovoked seizures occurred in 58 patients (3%), including 10 with a single seizure and 48 with two or more seizures. Risk factors for seizures included cerebral palsy (CP) (relative risk [RR] = 28.7), neonatal seizures (RR = 15.2), mental retardation (MR) (RR = 7.8), febrile seizures (RR = 7.7), autism (RR = 3.2), and prematurity (RR = 2.7). The cumulative risk of seizures by age 5 years in children with MR, CP, and MR plus CP was 8%, 47%, and 68%, respectively, compared with 1% in those without MR or CP. On multivariate analysis, CP, MR, prior febrile seizures, and prematurity were associated with an increased risk of seizures. The risk of experiencing unprovoked seizures by age 5 in children with developmental disabilities is 3%, which is fourfold greater than that of the general population. Much of this increased risk is limited to selected subgroups with major disabilities. However, if neither MR nor CP is present, the 1% risk of developing unprovoked seizures by age 5 in children with other developmental problems is not substantially different from that expected in the general population. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,TEL AVIV MED CTR,INST CHILD DEV,IL-65211 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. TEL AVIV UNIV,TEL AVIV MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT,PEDIAT NEUROL UNIT,IL-65211 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10467. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT NEUROL,BRONX,NY 10467. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,CTR EPILEPSY MANAGEMENT,BRONX,NY 10467. 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Neurol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0887-8994(95)00185-I PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA TC374 UT WOS:A1995TC37400007 PM 8554661 ER PT J AU GOEL, V GRAFMAN, J SADATO, N HALLETT, M AF GOEL, V GRAFMAN, J SADATO, N HALLETT, M TI MODELING OTHER MINDS SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE PET; THEORY OF MIND; OBJECT RECOGNITION; AUTISM ID PET IMAGES; TOMOGRAPHY AB NINE normal volunteers performed a 'theory of mind' task while their regional brain blood flow pattern was recorded using the PET [O-15]H2O technique. Control conditions induced subjects to attend to the visual and semantic attributes of known objects. In a third condition, subjects had to infer the function of an unfamiliar object from its form. In the 'theory of mind' condition, subjects had to infer function based on the form of both familiar and unfamiliar objects and in addition, model the knowledge and rationality of another mind about the function of these objects. Performance during the 'theory of mind' condition evoked the activation of a distributed set of neural networks with prominent activation of the left medial frontal lobe (Brodmann area 9) and left temporal lobe (Brodmann areas 21, 39/29, 38). This result suggests that when inferential reasoning depends on constructing a mental model about the beliefs and intentions of others, the participation of the prefrontal cortex is required. When access to such knowledge is affected by central nervous system dysfunction, such as that found in autism, modeling other minds may prove difficult. C1 NINCDS,MNB,HUMAN MOTOR CONTROL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CR ANDREASEN NC, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P943 Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 ESLINGER PJ, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1731 FOX PT, 1989, J NUCL MED, V30, P141 FOX PT, 1984, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V4, P329 FRISTON KJ, 1991, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V11, P690 FRISTON KJ, 1990, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V10, P458 FRISTON KJ, 1989, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V9, P690 Goel V., 1995, SKETCHES THOUGHT Gordon R., 1992, MIND LANG, V7, P11, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1468-0017.1992.TB00195.X KAPUR S, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P2008, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2008 KARIM R, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P636 LESLIE A., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Miles C., 1963, INDIAN ESKIMO ARTIFA OZONOFF S, IN PRESS LEARNING CO Stuss DT, 1986, FRONTAL LOBES Talairach J., 1988, COPLANAR STEREOTAXIC NR 20 TC 307 Z9 309 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD SEP 11 PY 1995 VL 6 IS 13 BP 1741 EP 1746 DI 10.1097/00001756-199509000-00009 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RW478 UT WOS:A1995RW47800009 PM 8541472 ER PT J AU PICKLES, A BOLTON, P MACDONALD, H BAILEY, A LECOUTEUR, A SIM, CH RUTTER, M AF PICKLES, A BOLTON, P MACDONALD, H BAILEY, A LECOUTEUR, A SIM, CH RUTTER, M TI LATENT-CLASS ANALYSIS OF RECURRENCE RISKS FOR COMPLEX PHENOTYPES WITH SELECTION AND MEASUREMENT ERROR - A TWIN AND FAMILY HISTORY STUDY OF AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INDIVIDUALS; DISEASE; MODELS; RELATIVES AB The use of the family history method to examine the pattern of recurrence risks for complex disorders such as autism is not straightforward. Problems such as uncertain phenotypic definition, unreliable measurement with increased error rates for more distant relatives, and selection due to reduced fertility all complicate the estimation of risk ratios. Using data from a recent family history study of autism, and a similar study of twins, this paper shows how a latent-class approach can be used to tackle these problems. New findings are presented supporting a multiple-locus model of inheritance, with three loci giving the best fit. RP PICKLES, A (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X CR AITKIN M, 1981, J ROY STAT SOC A STA, V144, P419, DOI 10.2307/2981826 ANDREASEN NC, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P421 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x CONNEALLY PM, 1985, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V40, P356, DOI 10.1159/000132186 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 ESSEN-MOLLER E, 1955, Acta Genet Stat Med, V5, P334 FARRALL M, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V50, P270 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, NATURE, V285, P726 Folstein S., 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P291 GATH A, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P161, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.2.161 HODGE SE, 1981, AM J HUM GENET, V33, P381 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 Lazarsfeld P., 1968, LATENT STRUCTURE ANA LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LITTLE RJA, 1987, STATISTICAL ANAL MIS LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 Majumder P P, 1983, Stat Med, V2, P13, DOI 10.1002/sim.4780020103 MCCULLAGH P, 1980, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V42, P109 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 RISCH N, 1983, BEHAV GENET, V13, P441, DOI 10.1007/BF01065920 RISCH N, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V46, P222 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Smalley S. 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PD SEP PY 1995 VL 57 IS 3 BP 717 EP 726 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RR605 UT WOS:A1995RR60500022 PM 7668301 ER PT J AU PIVEN, J AF PIVEN, J TI UNDERSTANDING OTHER MINDS - PERSPECTIVES FROM AUTISM - BARONCOHEN,S, TAGERFLUSBERG,H, COHEN,DJ SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 152 IS 9 BP 1392 EP 1393 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RT231 UT WOS:A1995RT23100035 ER PT J AU FRANCO, F WISHART, JG AF FRANCO, F WISHART, JG TI USE OF POINTING AND OTHER GESTURES BY YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH DOWN-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; COMMUNICATION; ABILITIES; AUTISM AB Pointing, reaching, and other communicative gestures were elicited from 22 children with Down syndrome ages 21 to 47 months in two communicative contexts (referential/declarative vs. instrumental/imperative) and with two partners (mother vs. agemate with Down syndrome). Linguistic competence was assessed using the Vineland and Reynell Scales. High levels of pointing were produced in both communicative contexts and with each partner. Advance visual checking of the partner appeared to indicate awareness of the necessary conditions for successful declarative pointing. Comparisons with matched data from typically developing infants revealed both similarities and differences in gesture use. Findings were discussed in relation to delayed language development in children with Down syndrome. C1 UNIV EDINBURGH,EDINBURGH,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RP FRANCO, F (reprint author), UNIV PADUA,VIA BEATO,PELLEGRINO 26,I-35137 PADUA,ITALY. CR Adamson L.B., 1991, ANN CHILD DEV, V8, P1 Balla D., 1982, MENTAL RETARDATION D BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 Beeghly M., 1990, CHILDREN DOWN SYNDRO, P329, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511581786.011 Berger J., 1990, CHILDREN DOWN SYNDRO, P101, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511581786.005 Blake J., 1992, EARLY DEV PARENTING, V1, P127, DOI 10.1002/edp.2430010302 BUTTERWORTH G, 1993, MOTOR DEV EARLY LATE, P153 Camaioni Luigia, 1992, EARLY DEV PARENTING, V1, P15, DOI 10.1002/edp.2430010106 Chapman R. 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PD SEP PY 1995 VL 100 IS 2 BP 160 EP 182 PG 23 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA RV107 UT WOS:A1995RV10700006 PM 8527112 ER PT J AU JACOBSON, JW MULICK, JA SCHWARTZ, AA AF JACOBSON, JW MULICK, JA SCHWARTZ, AA TI HISTORY OF FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - SCIENCE, PSEUDOSCIENCE, AND ANTISCIENCE - SCIENCE WORKING GROUP ON FACILITATED COMMUNICATION SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID DEVELOPMENTAL VERBAL DYSPRAXIA; IRLEN LENSES; AUTISM; PSYCHOLOGY; WORDS; NORMALIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; QUESTIONS; DISORDERS; VALIDITY AB Facilitated communication (FC) is a method of assisting people with severe developmental disabilities to communicate. Before its adoption as a teaching-treatment technique, the only, research evidence in support of its validity consisted of a small number of descriptive reports in the professional literature and anecdotal reports in the popular press and disability media. In rise this technique, which involves providing physical support to people with disabilities as they type out messages on a keyboard or letterboard, appears to result in unexpected literacy and to disclose normative or superior intellectual skills among people with lifelong histories of severe developmental delay Controlled research using single and double blind procedures in laboratory and natural settings with a range of clinical populations with which FC is used have determined that, not only are the people with disabilities unable to respond accurately to label or describe stimuli unseen by their assistants, but that the responses are controlled by the assistants. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP JACOBSON, JW (reprint author), INDEPENDENT LIVING CAPITAL DIST INC,2660 ALBANY ST,SCHENECTADY,NY 12305, USA. 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PD SEP PY 1995 VL 50 IS 9 BP 750 EP 765 DI 10.1037//0003-066X.50.9.750 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA RU330 UT WOS:A1995RU33000002 ER PT J AU ZIMMERMAN, AW POTTER, NT STAKKESTAD, A FRYE, VH AF ZIMMERMAN, AW POTTER, NT STAKKESTAD, A FRYE, VH TI SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND AUTOIMMUNE PROFILES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RU333 UT WOS:A1995RU33300124 ER PT J AU WILLEMSENSWINKELS, SHN BUITELAAR, JK NIJHOF, GJ VANENGELAND, H AF WILLEMSENSWINKELS, SHN BUITELAAR, JK NIJHOF, GJ VANENGELAND, H TI FAILURE OF NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE TO REDUCE SELF-INJURIOUS AND AUTISTIC BEHAVIOR IN MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS - DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDIES SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA BETA-ENDORPHIN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ABUSIVE BEHAVIOR; CORTISOL-LEVELS; NALOXONE; CHILDREN; STEREOTYPY; ADOLESCENTS; ANTAGONISTS; DISORDERS AB Background: It is hypothesized that self-injurious behavior (SIB) and symptoms of autism may be due to overactivity in some opioid systems in the brain. We examined the efficacy and safety of naltrexone hydrochloride, an opioid antagonist, in the treatment of SIB and autism in mentally retarded adults. Method: Thirty-three mentally retarded adults with autism and/or SIB participated in double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies. Active treatment was first a single 100-mg dose of naltrexone hydrochloride. Subsequently, 19 subjects were treated with 50 mg/d and 14 with 150 mg/d of naltrexone hydro chloride for 4 weeks. The outcome was assessed by means of direct observations (n=11) and on the basis of scores on a list of target behaviors, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Results: Thirty-two subjects (seven with autism, 16 with autism and SIB, and nine with SIB) completed the trial. Naltrexone treatment failed to have therapeutic effects on SIB and autism. On the contrary, naltrexone increased the incidence of stereotypic behavior on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, and the care staff evaluated the effect of the 50-mg/d treatment as being significantly worse than that of the placebo treatment as measured by the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that naltrexone has no clinical value for a broad group of mentally retarded subjects with SIB and/or autism. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. INST MENTAL RETARDAT EEMEROORD,BAARN,NETHERLANDS. RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARRETT RP, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P644 BECKWITH BE, 1986, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V7, P183, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(86)90004-4 BERNSTEIN GA, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P886 BLANKSTEIN J, 1980, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V164, P363 Borghese I. 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Gen. Psychiatry PD SEP PY 1995 VL 52 IS 9 BP 766 EP 773 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RU139 UT WOS:A1995RU13900009 PM 7654128 ER PT J AU ANDERMANN, F AF ANDERMANN, F TI AUTISM, MACROCRANIA AND EPILEPSY - A SYNDROME SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Letter C1 MONTREAL NEUROL HOSP & INST,EPILEPSY SERV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2B4,CANADA. RP ANDERMANN, F (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT NEUROL & PAEDIAT,3801 RUE UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2B4,CANADA. CR ROSSI PG, 1995, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V17, P169, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00019-8 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0387-7604 J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN JI Brain Dev. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 17 IS 5 BP 362 EP 362 DI 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00092-P PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA TD001 UT WOS:A1995TD00100016 PM 8579226 ER PT J AU ROEYERS, H MYCKE, K AF ROEYERS, H MYCKE, K TI SIBLINGS OF A CHILD WITH AUTISM, WITH MENTAL-RETARDATION AND WITH A NORMAL DEVELOPMENT SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE SIBLINGS; AUTISM; MENTAL RETARDATION ID HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; POPULATION; BROTHERS; SISTERS; SCHOOL; RISK AB A total of 60 children between 8 and 15 years of age participated in this project, 20 of whom had a sibling with autism, 20 a sibling with mental retardation and 20 a non-disabled sibling. The children were questioned about their sibling relationship and their experiences of stress. The children with a sibling with autism also completed a questionnaire on their knowledge of the autistic syndrome. Analyses revealed that the three groups were basically similar in their ratings of the frequency of stressors involving their siblings. There was a trend for children with a disabled brother or sister to rate their relationship with the sibling more positively. Correlational analyses revealed an association between both stressor frequency and appraisal and the evaluation of the relationship with the brother or sister. Siblings of children with autism had a fair understanding of the autistic syndrome. In this group, there was also an association between the children's knowledge of the autistic disorder and the quality of the sibling relationship. RP ROEYERS, H (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,H DUNANTLAAN 2,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. 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PD SEP PY 1995 VL 21 IS 5 BP 305 EP 319 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1995.tb00760.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Pediatrics GA RT457 UT WOS:A1995RT45700002 PM 8529293 ER PT J AU DEB, S AF DEB, S TI BRAIN IMAGING IN MENTAL-RETARDATION SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; DOWNS-SYNDROME; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TEMPORAL-LOBE; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB This article reviews the literature published during the past 10 years on studies of neuroimaging in mental retardation. These include both structural neuroimaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and functional neuroimaging, such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, on subjects with idiopathic mental retardation, fragile X syndrome, Down's syndrome and autism. 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Opin. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1097/00001504-199509000-00004 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RV271 UT WOS:A1995RV27100004 ER PT J AU BERNEY, TP AF BERNEY, TP TI AUTISM SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID DISORDERS AB Three areas have been selected for review because of the excitement they engender. These areas include the accumulating evidence for a genetically based autistic disorder manifesting with a spectral range of intensity; developments in psychological theory, especially the combination of deficits in Theory-of-Mind and Central Coherence; and the field of facilitated communication. RP BERNEY, TP (reprint author), PRUDHOE HOSP,PRUDHOE NE42 5NT,NORTHD,ENGLAND. 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Opin. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1097/00001504-199509000-00005 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RV271 UT WOS:A1995RV27100005 ER PT J AU LORD, C MAGILLEVANS, J AF LORD, C MAGILLEVANS, J TI PEER INTERACTIONS OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR AB Two observational studies of verbal, high-functioning children and adolescents with autism; nonautistic, behaviorally disordered youngsters of equivalent verbal skills and chronological age; and verbal age-matched normally developing students during integrated summer day camps are reported. In the first study, observations were made of spontaneous peer interaction and play over the course of 2 weeks of day camp. The eight autistic subjects were consistently more likely to not be interacting and less likely to be engaged in any purposeful activity than the 16 other children. During the 2 weeks, time interacting and purposeful activity increased overall. In the second study, the quality of spontaneous peer-directed initiations was observed during free time in similar day camps the following summer. The 11 autistic children and adolescents produced fewer initiations than did the 20 other children and were less likely to smile or coordinate several behaviors with eye contact during an initiation. Autistic subjects were consistently more likely not to receive a response to their initiation than the other groups, although there was no identifiable relationship between the quality of the initiation and the likelihood of it receiving a response. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. RP LORD, C (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MC 3077,5841 S MARYLAND AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. 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P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P204 Howes C., 1987, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V53 KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lord C, 1984, ADV APPL DEV PSYCHOL, P165 LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531658 ODOM SL, 1984, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V54, P544 ONEILL PJ, 1982, P INT M NATIONAL SOC, P79 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x STRAIN P, 1981, ADV CHILD CLIN PSYCH, P167 STRAIN PS, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF01531291 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL *WHO, 1992, ICD 10 DRAFT CHAPT 5 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 611 EP 626 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TF894 UT WOS:A1995TF89400003 ER PT J AU HALL, LJ MCCLANNAHAN, LE KRANTZ, PJ AF HALL, LJ MCCLANNAHAN, LE KRANTZ, PJ TI PROMOTING INDEPENDENCE IN INTEGRATED CLASSROOMS BY TEACHING AIDES TO USE ACTIVITY SCHEDULES AND DECREASED PROMPTS SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; SEVERE DISABILITIES; CHILDREN; AUTISM; MAINTENANCE AB This study assessed a strategy to promote independent engagement in selected activities for children with disabilities in three integrated public school classrooms. A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design, replicated across two aide-child pairs, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a sequence of instructions about prompt reduction for integration aides and the use of photographic activity schedules on aides' prompting and children's engagement. During intervention, there was an increase in independent engagement for all children. Instructional sessions, reminders to reduce prompts, and an instruction to use physical prompts only, resulted in low levels of prompts by all integration aides. On a brief questionnaire, all aides expressed their satisfaction with the program. These findings have important implications for staff training in public school settings, and for promoting the independence of children in integrated classrooms. C1 PRINCETON CHILD DEV INST,PRINCETON,NJ. RP HALL, LJ (reprint author), DEAKIN UNIV,SCH STUDIES DISABIL,221 BURWOOD HIGHWAY,BURWOOD 3125,AUSTRALIA. CR COLE DA, 1986, AM J MENT DEFIC, V6, P587 COLE DA, 1991, J SPEC EDUC, V25, P340 FANTUZZO J, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P37, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-37 GURALNICK MJ, 1981, EXCEPTIONAL ED Q, V1, P71 JOLLY AC, 1993, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V18, P46 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P137, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-137 MACDUFF GS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-89 MAY DC, 1981, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V16, P228 MEYER LH, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01487063 REINOEHL RB, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P32 SERVATIUS JD, 1992, RESTRUCTURING CARING, P267 SINGER G, 1988, TEACHING PEOPLE DEV SOWERS JA, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-119 Stainback S., 1992, CURRICULUM CONSIDERA, P3 Storey K., 1993, EXCEPTIONALITY, V4, P1, DOI DOI 10.1207/S15327035EX0401_ WACKER DP, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-329 NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 SN 0013-1237 J9 EDUC TRAIN MENT RET JI Educ. Train. Mental Retard. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 208 EP 217 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA RQ762 UT WOS:A1995RQ76200003 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RJ COORAY, SE AF HARVEY, RJ COORAY, SE TI THE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF SEVERE REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR WITH FLUVOXAMINE IN A 20 YEAR-OLD AUTISTIC FEMALE SO INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Note DE AUTISM; LEARNING DISABILITY; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CHILDHOOD AUTISM AB The case of a 20 year old autistic woman with disabling repetitive behaviour that responded dramatically to treatment with fluvoxamine is reported. The connection between repetitive symptoms in autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder is considered, and the need for further evaluation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in autism is discussed. C1 PARKSIDE HLTH NHS TRUST, KINGSBURY COMMUNITY UNIT, LONDON NW9, ENGLAND. RP HARVEY, RJ (reprint author), UCL NATL HOSP NEUROL & NEUROSURG, DEMENTIA RES GRP, QUEEN SQ, LONDON WC1N 3BG, ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V28, P193 COOK EH, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V10, P228 FINEBERG NA, 1992, INT CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V7, P43, DOI 10.1097/00004850-199206001-00012 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1006 LINDLEY P, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V130, P592, DOI 10.1192/bjp.130.6.592 MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 MCDOUGLE C, 1990, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V3, P239, DOI 10.1097/00001504-199004000-00013 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02216058 VITIELLO B, 1989, J NERV MENT DIS, V177, P232, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198904000-00007 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0268-1315 J9 INT CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.1097/00004850-199510030-00011 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA RX069 UT WOS:A1995RX06900011 PM 8675975 ER PT J AU PIERCE, K SCHREIBMAN, L AF PIERCE, K SCHREIBMAN, L TI INCREASING COMPLEX SOCIAL BEHAVIORS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - EFFECTS OF PEER-IMPLEMENTED PIVOTAL RESPONSE TRAINING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; PEER TRAINERS; NATURALISTIC INTERVENTIONS; SCHOOL SETTING ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; JOINT ATTENTION; PRESCHOOLERS; PARADIGM AB Two children with autism were taught to engage in a variety of complex social behaviors using peer-implemented pivotal response training (PRT), a set of procedures designed to increase motivation and promote generalization. Typical peers were taught to implement PRT strategies by modeling, role playing, and didactic instruction. After training, peers implemented the procedures in the absence of direct supervision in a classroom environment. After the intervention, both children with autism maintained prolonged interactions with the peer, initiated play and conversations, and increased engagement in language and joint attention behaviors. In addition, teachers reported positive changes in social behavior, with the largest increases in peer-preferred social behavior. Further, these effects showed generality and maintenance. Implications of these findings are discussed. RP PIERCE, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHOL 0109,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093, USA. CR BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA GARDNER MF, 1990, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD GOLDSTEIN H, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-289 Koegel R. L., 1991, ADV BEHAV ASSESSMENT, P65 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1989, TEACH PIVOTAL BEHAVI Kohler F. W., 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P327 LANDRY SH, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01884.x LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LEWY AL, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF00911240 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MCGEE GG, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P117, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-117 MICHAEL J, 1993, BEHAV ANALYST, V16, P191 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 ODOM SL, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-3 PIERCE K, 1993, UNPUB TEACHING AUTIS SAINATO DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P127, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-127 STAHMER AC, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF02178500 THORP DM, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P265, DOI 10.1007/BF02179288 WALKER HM, 1988, WALKER MCCONNEL SCAL NR 22 TC 115 Z9 114 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 28 IS 3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-285 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA RX847 UT WOS:A1995RX84700004 PM 7592145 ER PT J AU KNOTT, F LEWIS, C WILLIAMS, T AF KNOTT, F LEWIS, C WILLIAMS, T TI SIBLING INTERACTION OF CHILDREN WITH LEARNING-DISABILITIES - A COMPARISON OF AUTISM AND DOWNS-SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE SIBLINGS; AUTISM; DOWNS SYNDROME; SOCIAL INTERACTION ID HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; ISSUES; AGE AB Two potentially contrasting hypotheses can be generated about sibling interactions involving a child with Down's syndrome or autism. Research on siblings would predict that learning disabled children adopt responsive roles. Studies of children with autism would predict impoverished interactions. Home observations were conducted on 30 sibling pairs involving children with autism or Down's syndrome. Both hypotheses were partially supported. All learning disabled children engaged in frequent bouts of interaction, usually directed by their sibling. While children with autism engaged in fewer bouts and imitated less, they did reciprocate their siblings' initiations. Sibling encounters provide a unique opportunity for such children to learn about social relationships. C1 UNIV LANCASTER,DEPT PSYCHOL,LANCASTER LA1 4YF,ENGLAND. UNIV READING,READING,BERKS,ENGLAND. RI Williams, Timothy/D-3512-2011; Lewis, Charlie/H-4717-2011 OI Williams, Timothy/0000-0003-0072-3316; CR ABRAMOVITCH R, 1979, CHILD DEV, V50, P997, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb02460.x ABRAMOVITCH R, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00022.x ABRAMOVITCH R, 1902, SIBLING RELATIONSHIP, P61 ABRAMOVITCH R, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P865 ADAMS ME, 1969, MANAGEMENT FAMILY RE, P444 BRODY GH, 1986, FAMILIES HANDICAPPED, P197 BRYANT BK, 1980, CHILD DEV, V51, P529, DOI 10.2307/1129288 CICIRELLI V, 1977, CHILD PSYCHIATRY TRE, P190 DALLAS E, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01062.x DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 Dunn J., 1979, CHILD ITS FAMILY, P143 DUNN J, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P119, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00697.x FERRARI M, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00164.x GOTTLIEB J, 1981, DEV CHILDRENS FRIEND, P150 HARTMANN DP, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P103, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-103 LOBATO D, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P347, DOI 10.1007/BF01531585 LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531658 Lord C, 1984, APPLIED DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P165 MCHALE SM, 1983, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V53, P81 MCHALE SM, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P399 PEPLER DJ, 1981, CHILD DEV, V51, P1344 RUTTER M, 1893, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SENAPATI R, 1988, INT J BEHAV DEV, V11, P89 STONEMAN Z, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P290 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 36 IS 6 BP 965 EP 976 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01343.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RR740 UT WOS:A1995RR74000004 PM 7593404 ER PT J AU PRING, L HERMELIN, B HEAVEY, L AF PRING, L HERMELIN, B HEAVEY, L TI SAVANTS, SEGMENTS, ART AND AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE SAVANTS; SEGMENTS; ART; AUTISM ID FOLLOW-UP AB This study describes two experiments which investigate pattern construction by graphically gifted, autistic savants. We explore whether the notion of weak central coherence in autism might be extended to account for the relatively high frequency of savants among the autistic population. We also suggest that an awareness of constituent segments in wholes may be relevant to artistic talent in general. C1 UNIV LONDON GOLDSMITHS COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SE14 6NW,ENGLAND. CR CREAK EM, 1961, LANCE, V2, P818 Csikszentmihalyi M., 1976, CREATIVE VISION LONG HERMELIN B, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P673 HERMELIN B, 1991, PSYCHOL MED, V21, P959 HILL AL, 1977, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V44, P161 Keppel G., 1973, DESIGN ANAL RES HDB Kohs S., 1923, INTELLIGENCE MEASURE LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x Miller L., 1989, MUSICAL SAVANTS EXCE OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 PRING L, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02096.x Raven JC, 1988, STANDARD PROGR MATRI REED J, 1954, MEANING ART Rimland B., 1978, COGNITIVE DEFECTS DE, P43 SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x Smith S. B., 1983, GREAT MENTAL CALCULA Treffert D. A., 1989, EXTRAORDINARY PEOPLE Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 20 TC 52 Z9 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1076 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01351.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RR740 UT WOS:A1995RR74000012 PM 7593399 ER PT J AU WOLFF, S AF WOLFF, S TI AUTISM - AN INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY - HAPPE,F SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Book Review CR Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1097 EP 1098 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RR740 UT WOS:A1995RR74000015 ER PT J AU AITKEN, K AF AITKEN, K TI THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF INFANTILE-AUTISM - NARUSE,H, ORNITZ,EM SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Book Review CR NARUSE H, 1992, NEUROBIOLOGY INFANTI, P404 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1099 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RR740 UT WOS:A1995RR74000018 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, CR LOWENGRUB, JA LUBETSKY, MJ AF JOHNSON, CR LOWENGRUB, JA LUBETSKY, MJ TI PSYCHIATRIC AND BEHAVIOR DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL-RETARDATION AND SEIZURE DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER; MENTAL RETARDATION; SEIZURE DISORDER; EPILEPSY; CHILDREN ID EPILEPSY; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; ATTENTION; AUTISM AB The primary aim of this investigation was to compare the types of psychiatric and behavioral disturbance present in a sample of children with mental retardation with and without a seizure disorder. This retrospective study involved the chart review of the past 42 patients with a diagnosis of a seizure disorder admitted to a specialized psychiatric inpatient unit for children with developmental disorders and psychiatric and behavioral disorders. The control group consisted of the last 42 consecutive admissions without a seizure disorder but were matched with the experimental group on age, level of mental retardation, and gender. Children with a seizure disorder were more often diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Organic Brain Syndrome, Not Otherwise Specified. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in the reported behavioral disturbances in children with and without a seizure disorder: Psychopharmacological treatments for the two groups were also similar. There were few differences in this sample of psychiatric inpatients with and without a seizure disorder. RP JOHNSON, CR (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. RI lowengrub, john/J-8288-2012 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT [Anonymous], 1981, EPILEPSIA, V22, P489 CADMAN D, 1987, PEDIATRICS, V79, P805 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 *CYT SOFTW CORP, 1991, STATX STAT SOFTW EX DEB S, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P822, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.6.822 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V159, P1310 ESPIE CA, 1989, J MENT DEFIC RES, V33, P123 EVERITT BS, 1993, HDB DATA ANAL BEHAV, P321 FELDMAN H, 1989, AM J DIS CHILD, V143, P1081 Fenwick P, 1991, EPILEPSY BEHAV, P85 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206998 HERMANN B, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1134, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.47.9.1134 HOARE P, 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P3 Holmes G. L., 1987, DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT LUND J, 1985, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V72, P557, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02654.x MARKOWITZ JC, 1987, GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT, V9, P135, DOI 10.1016/0163-8343(87)90025-9 MATSON JL, 1986, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY MENT, V6 MCLIN WM, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1124, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.47.9.1124 MITCHELL WG, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P101 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 Perrine K, 1991, EPILEPSY BEHAV, P181 REID AH, 1982, PSYCHIATRY MENTAL HA, P10 REISS S, 1985, CHILDREN EMOTIONAL D, P171 RUTTER M, 1976, PSYCHOL MED, V6, P313 SHEPHERD C, 1989, J MENT DEFIC RES, V23, P511 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1007/BF02585429 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA RN711 UT WOS:A1995RN71100006 ER PT J AU BUDAY, EM AF BUDAY, EM TI THE EFFECTS OF SIGNED AND SPOKEN WORDS TAUGHT WITH MUSIC ON SIGN AND SPEECH IMITATION BY CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE; THERAPY; MEMORY AB The intent of this study was to explore the use of music as a strategy to promote better memory for manual signs with children with autism, who have been exposed to simultaneous communication. The 10 children tested were taught a total of 14 signs under two conditions. One condition involved signs taught in conjunction with music and speech. The other condition involved signs taught in conjunction with rhythm and speech. The number of correctly imitated signed words and correctly imitated spoken words out of 7 total, were measured under both conditions. Results from 2 factorial ANOVAs indicated significant main effects for condition type (music vs. rhythm) for both the number of imitated signed words (F = 6.54, p < .05) and the number of imitated spoken words (F = 8.33, p < .02). In each case, correct imitation favored music condition training over rhythm condition training. The results are discussed in terms of representing a potential first step in using music within a simultaneous communication context to promote better pragmatic skills with children with autism. RP BUDAY, EM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PSYCHOL MC285,1009 BEHAV SCI BLDG,1007 W HARRIS ST,CHICAGO,IL 60607, USA. CR BUTTERFI.EC, 1973, AM J MENT DEF, V77, P654 CLARKE S, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P419, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-419 COHEN J, 1977, STATISTICAL POWER AN FRISTOE M, 1978, MENTAL RETARDATI APR, P99 HAIRSTON MJP, 1990, J MUSIC THER, V27, P137 HOSKINS C, 1988, J MUSIC THER, V25, P73 HYSOM D, 1992, D HYSOM SINGS WOOLEY KLEIN MD, 1988, PRESIGN LANGUAGE MOT KOLKO DJ, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P259, DOI 10.1007/BF02408285 LAYTON TL, 1988, J COMMUN DISORD, V21, P333, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(88)90037-8 MADSEN SA, 1991, J MUSIC THER, V28, P222 MORRIS GP, 1975, LANGUAGE COGNITIVE D, P143 MORTON LL, 1990, J MUSIC THER, V27, P195 MYERS EG, 1979, J MUSIC THER, V16, P190 NELSON DL, 1984, J MUSIC THER, V21, P100 REICH R, 1978, MENTAL RETARDATI APR, P113 REID BD, 1984, PERSPECTIVES PROGR M, V1, P239 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 Rosenberg S, 1993, LANGUAGE COMMUNICATI SCHAEFFER B, 1977, SIGN LANG STUDIES, V17, P287 Schlanger BB, 1954, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V19, P339 SHEHAN PK, 1981, J MUSIC THER, V18, P120 SPITZ HH, 1973, EXPT PSYCHOL MENTAL TALKINGTON LW, 1970, J MUSIC THER, V7, P95 WALKER JB, 1972, J MUSIC THER, V9, P1 YODER PJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P217, DOI 10.1007/BF02211948 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 PU NATL ASSN MUSIC THER INC PI WASHINGTON PA 505 11TH ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 SN 0022-2917 J9 J MUSIC THER JI J. Music Ther. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Music; Rehabilitation SC Music; Rehabilitation GA RZ721 UT WOS:A1995RZ72100005 ER PT J AU Lucarelli, S Frediani, T Zingoni, AM Ferruzzi, F Giardini, O Quintieri, F Barbato, M Deufemia, P Cardi, E AF Lucarelli, S Frediani, T Zingoni, AM Ferruzzi, F Giardini, O Quintieri, F Barbato, M Deufemia, P Cardi, E TI Food allergy and infantile autism SO PANMINERVA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE food allergy; autism ID CELIAC-DISEASE; INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; GLUTEN CHALLENGE; ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; DIET AB The etiopathogenesis of infantile autism is still unknown. Recently some authors have suggested that food peptides might be able to determine toxic effects at the level of the central nervous system by interacting with neurotransmitters. In fact a worsening of neurological symptoms has been reported in autistic patients after the consumption of milk and wheat. The aim of the present study has been to verify the efficacy of a cow's milk free diet (or other foods which gave a positive result after a skin test) in 36 autistic patients. We also looked for immunological signs of food allergy in autistic patients on a free choice diet. We noticed a marked improvement in the behavioural symptoms of patients after a period of 8 weeks on an elimination diet and we found high Levels of IgA antigen specific antibodies for casein, lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin and IgG and IgM for casein. The levels of these antibodies were significantly higher than those of a control group which consisted of 20 healthy children, Our results lead us to hypothesise a relationship between food allergy and infantile autism as has already been suggested for other disturbances of the central nervous system. RP Lucarelli, S (reprint author), UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,DEPT PAEDIAT,VIALE REGINA ELENA 324,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. 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PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 16 IS 5 BP 393 EP 414 DI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00019-J PG 22 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA RW786 UT WOS:A1995RW78600004 PM 8532918 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, BV NUECHTERLEIN, KH ABEL, L WU, JC BUCHSBAUM, MS AF SIEGEL, BV NUECHTERLEIN, KH ABEL, L WU, JC BUCHSBAUM, MS TI GLUCOSE METABOLIC CORRELATES OF CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE-TEST PERFORMANCE IN ADULTS WITH A HISTORY OF INFANTILE-AUTISM, SCHIZOPHRENICS, AND CONTROLS SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; ATTENTION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; MEDIAL FRONTAL CORTEX; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; (SCHIZOPHRENIA) ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; TEMPORAL-LOBE; PREFRONTAL SUBSTRATE; BASAL GANGLIA; DYSFUNCTION; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN; CORTEX AB Twenty-five schizophrenic patients, fourteen adults with a history of infantile autism, and twenty normal controls performed a test of sustained attention, the degraded stimulus continuous performance test (CPT), during the 35 minute 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake period preceding positron emission tomographic (PET) scan acquisition. This is the first analysis comparing correlations between glucose metabolic rate (GMR) for selected regions and CPT performance. CPT performance differed in controls and schizophrenics, but autistics did not differ from either group. In controls and schizophrenic patients, task performance correlated with GMR in medial superior frontal gyrus and lateral inferior temporal gyrus, suggesting that activation of those regions is important in the normal performance of the task and that damage to those regions, which also showed low GMR in schizophrenics, contributes to the attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia. Also, schizophrenics showed negative correlations of task performance with anterior cingulate activity suggesting that overactivity of that region, which is involved in mental effort and whose GMR was low in our larger study of schizophrenia, impairs task performance in schizophrenics. Autistic patients showed negative correlations of medial frontal cortical GMR with attentional performance, suggesting that neuronal inefficiency in that region may contribute to poor performance. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP SIEGEL, BV (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,130 W KINGSBRIDGE RD,RTE 116A,BRONX,NY 10468, USA. 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Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 17 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00033-I PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RY300 UT WOS:A1995RY30000010 PM 8541254 ER PT J AU CURRIE, G AF CURRIE, G TI MINDBLINDNESS - AN ESSAY ON AUTISM AND THEORY OF MIND - BARONCOHEN,S SO TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Book Review CR BARONCOHEN S, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TIMES NEWSPAPERS LTD PI LONDON PA PO BOX 479 VIRGINIA ST, LONDON, ENGLAND E1 9XU SN 0307-661X J9 TLS-TIMES LIT SUPPL JI TLS-Times Lit. Suppl. PD AUG 25 PY 1995 IS 4821 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA RR347 UT WOS:A1995RR34700004 ER PT J AU HERAULT, J PETIT, E MARTINEAU, J PERROT, A LENOIR, P CHERPI, C BARTHELEMY, C SAUVAGE, D MALLET, J MUH, JP LELORD, G AF HERAULT, J PETIT, E MARTINEAU, J PERROT, A LENOIR, P CHERPI, C BARTHELEMY, C SAUVAGE, D MALLET, J MUH, JP LELORD, G TI AUTISM AND GENETICS - CLINICAL APPROACH AND ASSOCIATION STUDY WITH 2 MARKERS OF HRAS GENE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CHILD PSYCHIATRY; INFANTILE AUTISM; HRAS GENE; CLINICAL EVALUATION; POLYMORPHISM ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRAGILE-X; PREVALENCE; CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; LOCALIZATION; DISORDERS; FRAGMENTS; CHILDREN AB Twin studies and familial aggregation studies indicate that genetic factors could play a role in infantile autism. In an earlier study, we identified a possible positive association between autism and a c-Harvey-ras (HRAS) oncogene marker at the 3' end of the coding region, In an attempt to confirm this finding, we studied a larger population, well-characterized clinically and genetically, We report a positive association between autism and two HRAS markers, the 3' marker used in the initial study and an additional marker in exon 1. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 LAB BIOCHIM MED,TOURS,FRANCE. DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV TOURS,TOURS,FRANCE. CNRS,GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. 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PD AUG 14 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600404 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RN773 UT WOS:A1995RN77300003 PM 7485261 ER PT J AU SZATMARI, P JONES, MB FISMAN, S TUFF, L BARTOLUCCI, G MAHONEY, WJ BRYSON, SE AF SZATMARI, P JONES, MB FISMAN, S TUFF, L BARTOLUCCI, G MAHONEY, WJ BRYSON, SE TI PARENTS AND COLLATERAL RELATIVES OF CHILDREN WITH PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS - A FAMILY HISTORY STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; GENETICS; FAMILY STUDIES ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SIBLINGS; STRESS; CRITERIA; VALIDITY AB The objective of this study was to see whether, using the family history method, the risk for pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), cognitive impairments, and other psychiatric symptoms is greater in the parents and collateral relatives of probands with PDD compared to a control group, A semistructured family history interview was carried out with the parents of 52 probands with PDD and 33 parents of controls. Rates of cognitive impairments and psychiatric problems were not found more frequently in parents or relatives of PDD probands compared to relatives of controls, but four cases of PDD were reported among the extended families of the PDD probands, The relatives with PDD were related to the probands through the maternal line, possibly suggesting some form of maternal influence on inheritance or reduced penetrance in females with the PDD genotype. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ON N6A 3K7,CANADA. YORK UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,TORONTO,ON M3J 2R7,CANADA. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BEHAV SCI,HERSHEY,PA. CR ABRAMSON RK, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P370, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199203000-00030 ANDREASEN NC, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1229 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BREGMAN JD, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P463, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00001 Bristol M. M., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P251 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 DURCAN MJ, 1993, BEHAV GENET, V23, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF01067418 FINE PEM, 1977, J MED GENET, V14, P399, DOI 10.1136/jmg.14.6.399 FOLSTEIN S, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P83 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 GIBBONS LE, 1993, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V137, P654 GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 JORDE LB, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360116 LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LOESCH DZ, 1988, J MED GENET, V25, P407, DOI 10.1136/jmg.25.6.407 LORD C, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P192 MARIMAN ECM, 1992, J MED GENET, V29, P695, DOI 10.1136/jmg.29.10.695 MERIKANGAS KR, 1987, APA ANN REV, V6, P625 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 OTTMAN R, 1985, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V122, P923 PETERSEN P, 1984, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V28, P337, DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(84)90056-4 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 RISCH N, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V46, P222 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x RUTTER M, 1991, FAMILY HIST INTERVIE SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 SZATMARI P, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046325 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 THOMPSON WD, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P53 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P9 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P191 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF01046103 WILSON GN, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P675, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460614 WOLF LC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF02212727 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC, P38 1988, WHO ICD10 1993, DSM IV DRAFT CRITERI, pE3 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 14 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 4 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600405 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RN773 UT WOS:A1995RN77300004 PM 7485262 ER PT J AU DASSA, D TAKEI, N SHAM, PC MURRAY, RM AF DASSA, D TAKEI, N SHAM, PC MURRAY, RM TI NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO INFLUENZA AND AUTISM SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; RISK FACTOR; INFLUENZA ID CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; MINOR PHYSICAL ANOMALIES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MATERNAL INFLUENZA; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIRTH; SEASON; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIC; PSYCHOSIS AB We examined the relationship between the number of autistic patients, obtained from the register of the National Autism Society (NAS), born each month between January 1953 and December 1988 in England, and the occurrence of influenza epidemics one to nine months before birth. The relative risk of developing autism, for exposure to influenza during gestation, was assessed by a Poisson regression model. Our results indicate that exposure to influenza epidemics during gestation is not associated with autism. C1 UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL HOSP,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RP DASSA, D (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL MED,DE CRESPIGNY PK,DENMARK HILL,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR ADAMS W, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P522, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.4.522 BAKER R, 1978, GLIM 3 GENERALIZED L BARR CE, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P869 Bartlik B D, 1981, J Am Med Womens Assoc, V36, P363 BOLTON P, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P509, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00888.x BOYD JH, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P173 BRADBURY TN, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V98, P569, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.98.3.569 Chess S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V7, P68 CHESS S, 1971, PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER CROW TJ, 1992, SCHIZOPHR RES, V6, P99, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90106-F CROW TJ, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P588, DOI 10.1192/bjp.164.5.588 DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOMBONNE E, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P655 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF01046406 Gillberg C., 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1 GILLBERG C, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V82, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01373.x GUALTIERI CT, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P640 IVARSSON SA, 1990, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V21, P102, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071471 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1986, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V17, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00707913 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V10, P411, DOI 10.1016/0193-3973(89)90019-1 KUNUGI H, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P450 MARINER R, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF01531709 MARKOWITZ PI, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531564 McCullagh P., 1989, GENERALIZED LINEAR M, V2nd MEDNICK SA, 1994, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V20, P263 MEDNICK SA, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P189 OCALLAGHAN E, 1991, LANCET, V337, P1248, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92919-S OCALLAGHAN E, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P479 PECKHAM C, 1987, REV INFECT DIS S1, V7, pS11 ROSENBERG DJ, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P305 SELTEN JPCJ, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P674, DOI 10.1192/bjp.164.5.674 SHAM PC, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P461, DOI 10.1192/bjp.160.4.461 STUBBS EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01550276 TAKEI N, 1993, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V88, P328, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03468.x TAKEI N, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P117 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 TORREY EF, 1992, SCHIZOPHR RES, V6, P100, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90107-G NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-690X J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 92 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09558.x PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RJ967 UT WOS:A1995RJ96700012 PM 7572261 ER PT J AU PIVEN, J ARNDT, S BAILEY, J HAVERCAMP, S ANDREASEN, NC PALMER, P AF PIVEN, J ARNDT, S BAILEY, J HAVERCAMP, S ANDREASEN, NC PALMER, P TI AN MRI STUDY OF BRAIN SIZE IN AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SCAN FINDINGS; RESONANCE; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB Objective: This study tons undertaken to obtain detailed measurements of the volume of the brain, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), In a carefully selected group of autistic subjects and comparison subjects. Method: Twenty-two male autistic subjects and 20 male volunteer comparison subjects were examined with detailed (1.5-mm slices) MRI throughout the entire brain. Total brain, total brain tissue, and total lateral ventricle volumes were measured by using manual tracing and automated techniques. Results: After height and performance IQ were controlled, autistic subjects had significantly greater total brain, total tissue, and total lateral ventricle volumes than comparison subjects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that male autistic subjects have enlarged brains and that enlargement is a result of both greater brain tissue volume and greater lateral ventricle volume. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA. RP PIVEN, J (reprint author), UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT CLIN,1875 JOHN PAPPAJOHN PAVIL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. RI Arndt, Stephan/A-6976-2013; Havercamp, Susan/E-3218-2011 OI Arndt, Stephan/0000-0003-0783-8204; CR ANDREASEN NC, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P125 ANDREASEN NC, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P121 ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V34, P1225 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 COHEN G, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V45, P33, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(92)90012-S CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHR B, V3, P388 GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 HARCHERIK DF, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P731 HOSHINO Y, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P33 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 ROSENBLOOM S, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P72, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00010 RUTTER M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd 1992, SAS STAT USERS GUIDE, V2 NR 28 TC 271 Z9 273 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 152 IS 8 BP 1145 EP 1149 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RL642 UT WOS:A1995RL64200007 PM 7625461 ER PT J AU EGAAS, B COURCHESNE, E SAITOH, O AF EGAAS, B COURCHESNE, E SAITOH, O TI REDUCED-SIZE OF CORPUS-CALLOSUM IN AUTISM SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; RHESUS-MONKEY; DIRECTED ATTENTION; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; PARIETAL LOBE; BRAIN; MORPHOLOGY; MR; ABNORMALITIES; ELIMINATION AB Objective: To determine via magnetic resonance imaging if the posterior corpus callosum is reduced in the midline cross-sectional area in autistic patients, consistent with previous reports of parietal lobe abnormalities. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Tertiary care facility. Patients and Other Participants: Fifty-one autistic patients (45 males and six females; age range, 3 to 42 years), including both mentally retarded and nonretarded patients who met several diagnostic criteria for autism were prospectively selected. Fifty-one age- and sex-matched volunteer normal control subjects were also included. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Computer-aided measurement of cross-sectional area, areas of five subregions, and thickness profile. Results: Overall size reduction, concentrated in posterior subregions. Conclusions: Evidence is found of a reduced size of the corpus callosum in autistic patients. This reduction is localized to posterior regions, where parietal. lobe fibers are known to project. This finding further supports the idea that parietal lobe involvement may be a consistent feature in autism. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP RES CTR,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. NATL CTR NEUROL & PSYCHIAT,NATL CTR HOSP MENTAL NERVOUS & MUSCULAR DISORDERS,DEPT PSYCHIAT,KODAIRA,TOKYO,JAPAN. CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P388, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.4.388 AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 ARTHUR G, 1980, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BARKOVICH AJ, 1988, AM J ROENTGENOL, V151, P171 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P190 CASEY BJ, 1993, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V15, P933, DOI 10.1080/01688639308402609 CHALUPA LM, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P1076, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.3.1076 CIESIELSKI KT, 1992, 5TH P INT CHILD NEUR, P650 CLARKE S, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V280, P213, DOI 10.1002/cne.902800205 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1990, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V2, P685, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199008000-00010 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS DEV PSYCHOP COURCHESNE E, 1990, NATIONAL C AM SOC AU COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS MANUAL DEV COURCHESNE E, 1994, DBEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P1 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DELACOSTE MC, 1985, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V44, P578, DOI 10.1097/00005072-198511000-00004 DELACOSTEUTAMSI.C, 1982, SCIENCE, V216, P1431 DENENBERG VH, 1991, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V49, P433, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90261-L GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GEORGY BA, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P949 HAAS RH, IN PRESS J CHILD NEU HASHIMOTO T, IN RESS J AUTISM DEV HAYAKAWA K, 1989, RADIOLOGY, V172, P171 HYND GW, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P141 KANDEL ER, 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P365 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 KOLB B, 1990, FUNDAMENTALS HUMAN N, P504 LAMANTIA AS, 1990, J NEUROSCI, V10, P2156 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 Lovaas O., 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V6, P1236 LOVAAS O, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V72, P211 MATTSON SN, 1992, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V16, P1001, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01909.x MESULAM MM, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V10, P309, DOI 10.1002/ana.410100402 MESULAM MM, 1983, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V6, P384, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(83)90171-6 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 OLEARY DDM, 1993, NEURON, V10, P991, DOI 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90049-W OPPENHEIM JS, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V21, P604, DOI 10.1002/ana.410210615 Pandya DN, 1986, 2 HEMISPHERES ONE BR, P47 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 POSNER MI, 1984, J NEUROSCI, V4, P1863 POZZILLI C, 1991, CORTEX, V27, P441 PUJOL J, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P71, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340113 RAKIC P, 1968, J COMP NEUROL, V132, P45, DOI 10.1002/cne.901320103 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 SAITOH O, IN PRESS NEUROLOGY Schreibman L, 1973, J Abnorm Child Psychol, V1, P152, DOI 10.1007/BF00916110 SELTZER B, 1983, EXP BRAIN RES, V49, P147 SHOPIER E, 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT STEINMETZ H, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P749 Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P218 WANG PP, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P407 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 WITELSON SF, 1989, BRAIN, V112, P799, DOI 10.1093/brain/112.3.799 WOODRUFF PWR, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P45 Zilbovicius M., 1993, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V19, P790 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 72 TC 194 Z9 196 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 52 IS 8 BP 794 EP 801 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RN516 UT WOS:A1995RN51600009 PM 7639631 ER PT J AU KEMNER, C VERBATEN, MN CUPERUS, JM CAMFFERMAN, G VANENGELAND, H AF KEMNER, C VERBATEN, MN CUPERUS, JM CAMFFERMAN, G VANENGELAND, H TI AUDITORY EVENT-RELATED BRAIN POTENTIALS IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AND 3 DIFFERENT CONTROL-GROUPS SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISTIC CHILDREN; EVENT-RELATED BRAIN POTENTIALS; ODDBALL TASK; AUDITORY STIMULATION; OCCIPITAL LOBE; LATERALIZATION ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; LANGUAGE DISORDER; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; INFORMATION; TWIN; P300 AB ERPs to auditory stimuli, generated during an oddball task, were obtained in a group of autistic children and three control groups (normal, ADDH, and dyslectic children, respectively). The task included the presentation of standards, deviants, and novels and had a (between-group) passive vs. active (counting) condition. It was examined whether 1) it was possible to replicate several earlier findings, 2) autistics manifest an abnormal lateralization pattern of ERPs, 3) autistics have an abnormal mismatch negativity (MMN), and 4) differences between autistics and normals are really specific to the autistic group, The only finding that could be replicated was that autistics have a smaller A/Pcz/300. There was no evidence for abnormal lateralization or abnormal MMN; however, there was an unexpected effect of the task manipulation on the amplitude of the P3: in autistics, the occipital P3 to deviant stimuli was significantly larger in the active than in the passive condition, a finding, like the replication of the smaller A/Pcz/300, specific to the autistic group, It was suggested that the auditory occipital task effect is related to understimulation of the occipital lobe by visual stimuli in autistic children. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,DEPT PSYCHOPHARMACOL,3584 CX UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,3584 CX UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1983, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 Conners C. 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Psychiat. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 150 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00247-Z PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA RL841 UT WOS:A1995RL84100003 PM 7578658 ER PT J AU SIGMAN, M ARBELLE, S DISSANAYAKE, C AF SIGMAN, M ARBELLE, S DISSANAYAKE, C TI CURRENT RESEARCH FINDINGS ON CHILDHOOD AUTISM SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; DEFICITS; ABNORMALITIES; COGNITION; EMOTIONS AB Objective: To review the main areas of current research findings regarding the core deficits in autism and the implications of these findings for the practicing clinician. Method: Behavioural, cognitive, emotional and neurophysiological aspects are covered with an emphasis on the importance of methodology. Results: The implication of these findings for the treatment of autism is discussed. Conclusion: Autism can teach us how we learn about emotions and the possibility of sensitive periods of development. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP SIGMAN, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR Ainsworth M. S., 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 CAPPS L, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P249, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004569 CAPPS L, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1169, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x CAPPS L, 1993, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V61, P475, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.61.3.475 COURCHESNE E, 1994, LANCET, V343, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90923-7 DEMYER MK, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P42, DOI 10.1007/BF02104999 DISSANAYAKE C, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY DUNN J, 1988, BEGINNINGS SOCIAL UN HARRIS PL, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P105 HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 Hobson R. 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N., 1977, 1 RELATIONSHIP Tronick E. Z., 1982, SOCIAL INTERCHANGE I Wellman H. M, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER WELLMAN HM, 1988, COGNITION, V30, P239, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90021-2 WELLMAN HM, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P910, DOI 10.2307/1130367 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 200, 237 ARGYLE AVE, OTTAWA ON K2P 1B8, CANADA SN 0706-7437 J9 CAN J PSYCHIAT JI Can. J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 40 IS 6 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RQ984 UT WOS:A1995RQ98400003 PM 7585397 ER PT J AU DAYAN, J MINNES, P AF DAYAN, J MINNES, P TI ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE USE OF FACILITATED COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES WITH PERSONS WITH AUTISM SO CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGY-PSYCHOLOGIE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article AB The use of Facilitated Communication techniques recently introduced and now widely used with persons with autism poses a number of ethical dilemmas for psychologists. These dilemmas stem from the lack of empirical support for the validity of messages communicated with facilitation. Using the CPA Code of Ethics for Psychologists (1991) as a guide, this paper will highlight a number of ethical issues pertinent to psychologists working with clients who use Facilitated Communication techniques. C1 QUEENS UNIV,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. CONCORDIA UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. 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PD AUG PY 1995 VL 36 IS 3 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1037/0708-5591.36.3.183 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA TC723 UT WOS:A1995TC72300002 ER PT J AU SHAW, W KASSEN, E CHAVES, E AF SHAW, W KASSEN, E CHAVES, E TI INCREASED URINARY-EXCRETION OF ANALOGS OF KREBS CYCLE METABOLITES AND ARABINOSE IN 2 BROTHERS WITH AUTISTIC FEATURES SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY; METABOLIC DISORDERS ID ACIDS AB A marked increase in analogs of Krebs cycle metabolites was found in the urine of two brothers with autistic features. These metabolites included citramalic, tartaric (3-OH-malic), and 3-oxoglutaric acids and compounds tentatively identified as a citric acid analog and partially identified as a phenylcarboxylic acid by the fragmentation pattern of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the compounds and mass shifts of the same compounds derivatized with perdeuterated N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The molecular mass of the TMS derivative of the tentatively identified citric acid analog was 596 Da, based on a finding of a significant M - 15 ion at m/z 581. The citric acid analog was excreted in quantities as high as 137 mmol/mol creatinine, based on the response factor of citric acid as a surrogate calibrator. A carbohydrate with a retention time and mass spectrum identical to arabinose was also found in high concentrations in the urine of these brothers. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. RP SHAW, W (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,2401 GILLHAM RD,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108, USA. 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Chem. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1094 EP 1104 PN 1 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RP283 UT WOS:A1995RP28300004 PM 7628083 ER PT J AU HOWLIN, P WING, L GOULD, J AF HOWLIN, P WING, L GOULD, J TI THE RECOGNITION OF AUTISM IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN-SYNDROME - IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION AND SOME SPECULATIONS ABOUT PATHOLOGY (VOL 37, PG 406, 1995) SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition CR HOWLIN P, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P406 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 37 IS 8 BP 672 EP 672 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA RT383 UT WOS:A1995RT38300004 ER PT J AU DILAVORE, PC LORD, C RUTTER, M AF DILAVORE, PC LORD, C RUTTER, M TI THE PRE-LINGUISTIC AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; LANGUAGE; RELIABILITY; DISORDERS AB The Pre-Linguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (PL-ADOS) is a semistructured observation scale designed for use as a diagnostic tool for children less than 6 years old who are not yet using phrases speech and are suspected of having austism. The PL-ADOS takes approximately 30 minutes to administer and is appropriate for use with this population because of its emphasis on playful interactions and the use of toys designed for young children. Reliability studies indicated that both individual activity ratings and summary ratings could be reliably scored from videotaped assessments by naive raters. Additionally, PL-ADOS scores of nonverbal preschool-aged children referred for clinical diagnosis and classified on the basis of a diagnostic team's clinical judgment, clearly discriminated between austistic and nonaustistic developmentally disabled children. The resulting diagnostic algorithm is theoretically linked to diagnostic constructs associated with ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for autism. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,5841 S MARYLAND AVE MC 3077,CHICAGO,IL 60637. MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON WC1E 6AS,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARTKO JJ, 1976, PSYCHOL BULL, V83, P762, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.83.5.762 Bayley N, 1969, MANUAL BAYLEY SCALES CAPPS L, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P249, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004569 CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 CONGER AJ, 1980, PSYCHOL BULL, V88, P322, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.322 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 Elliott C. D., 1990, DIFFERENTIAL ABILITI GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x Hedrick D. 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PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 355 EP 379 DI 10.1007/BF02179373 PG 25 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RK445 UT WOS:A1995RK44500002 PM 7592249 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, JA PANKSEPP, J AF MCBRIDE, JA PANKSEPP, J TI AN EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE RELIABILITY OF RATINGS OF COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DISORDER; CHILDREN; CLOMIPRAMINE; FLUOXETINE; ADULTS AB To clarify the nature of compulsive behavior in autism, staff reports of behavioral patterns of 17 young autistic adults living in a farmstead residential facility were analyzed. Three staff members who had worked most closely with each resident for at least 3 months completed three questionnaires, including Quantitative and Qualitative compulsive behavior scales, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The questionnaires were completed on two occasions with a 2-week interval between administrations. Test-retest and interrater consistencies were examined for each of the scales. Both the Qualitative and Quantitative questionnaires show promise as instruments that could be used as objective baselines or descriptors for compulsive behavior in autism. Information gathered from these scales could be utilized to determine how to intervene in the behavior, and to assess progress in treatment programs. RP MCBRIDE, JA (reprint author), BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BEECH HR, 1971, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V15, P417, DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(71)90022-5 BERKSON G, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P239 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 HISS H, 1991, BEHAV THER, V101, P163 INSEL TR, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1527 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 JENIKE MA, 1990, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P249 JENIKE MA, 1990, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P99 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KAY BR, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF02206544 MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02216058 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 MEHLINGER R, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P985, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00032 MICHAEL J, 1982, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V37, P149, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1982.37-149 OLLENDICK TH, 1982, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY MENT, P77 Queiroz L O, 1981, Behav Res Ther, V19, P377 Rachman S, 1980, OBSESSIONS COMPULSIO REID AH, 1985, MENTAL DEFICIENCY CH RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SEVIN JA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF02206868 SIMONS JM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02104996 VICTOR G, 1983, RIDDLE AUTISM VITIELLO B, 1989, J NERV MENT DIS, V177, P232, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198904000-00007 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 381 EP 396 DI 10.1007/BF02179374 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RK445 UT WOS:A1995RK44500003 PM 7592250 ER PT J AU SCHLEIEN, SJ MUSTONEN, T RYNDERS, JE AF SCHLEIEN, SJ MUSTONEN, T RYNDERS, JE TI PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND NONDISABLED PEERS IN A COOPERATIVELY STRUCTURED COMMUNITY ART PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION; HANDICAPPED PEERS; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR; SKILLS AB Two groups (one younger, one older) of children with autism participated in monthly art activities with same-age nondisabled peers at a children's museum. The study sought to investigate the feasibility of offering a cooperatively structured art education class for students with autism and nondisabled students, and to evaluate the effect of joint participation on the students' interactions with one another. Results indicated that both groups of children with autism were targeted for interactions from nondisabled peers significantly more often during intervention than during baseline, even though positive social interaction bids by nondisabled peers were rarely reciprocated and hardly ever initiated by peers with autism. RP SCHLEIEN, SJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. CR BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES BLEW PA, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P337, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-337 Brady M. P., 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P278 DALKE C, 1984, ART ED, V37, P10 Dattilo J., 1993, Research in therapeutic recreation: concepts and methods., P181 GAIR SB, 1980, ART ED, V33, P8, DOI 10.2307/3192403 GAYLORDROSS RJ, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P229, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-229 Johnson D., 1975, LEARNING TOGETHER AL Johnson D. W., 1984, ATTITUDES ATTITUDE C, P118 JOHNSON DW, 1983, REV EDUC RES, V53, P5, DOI 10.3102/00346543053001005 JOHNSON RT, 1981, AM EDUC RES J, V18, P415, DOI 10.3102/00028312018004415 KATZ E, 1994, MENT RETARD, V32, P137 MCEVOY MA, 1990, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V13, P159 MORREAU L, 1984, ART ED, V37, P10, DOI 10.2307/3192772 NIE NH, 1975, STATISTICAL PACKAGE ODOM SL, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-3 ODOM SL, 1984, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V54, P544 QUILITCH HR, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P573, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-573 RYNDERS J, 1991, TOGETHER SUCCESSFULL RYNDERS JE, 1980, AM J MENT DEF, V85, P268 RYNDERS JE, 1993, J SPEC EDUC, V26, P386 Sailor W., 1975, TOPEKA ASS RETARDED Schleien S. J., 1988, Therapeutic Recreation Journal, V22, P53 SCHLEIEN S, 1985, J PARK RECREATION AD, V3, P74 SCHLEIEN S, 1990, THERAPEUTIC RECREATI, V24, P42 Schleien S., 1988, COMMUNITY RECREATION Schleien S. J., 1988, Therapeutic Recreation Journal, V22, P18 SCHLEIEN SJ, 1990, J LEISURE RES, V22, P317 SCHLEIEN SJ, 1987, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V22, P112 STRAIN PS, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90024-1 Tawney J. W., 1984, SINGLE SUBJECT RES S TWARDOSZ S, 1993, ANAL INTERVENTION DE, V13, P311 VICKERY R, 1983, THERAPEUTIC RECREATI, V17, P43 VOELTZ L, 1983, SPECIAL FRIENDS PROG VOELTZ LM, 1980, AM J MENT DEF, V84, P455 VOELTZ LM, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P380 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 397 EP 413 DI 10.1007/BF02179375 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RK445 UT WOS:A1995RK44500004 PM 7592251 ER PT J AU OZONOFF, S MILLER, JN AF OZONOFF, S MILLER, JN TI TEACHING THEORY OF MIND - A NEW APPROACH TO SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDS THEORY; SIZE; GO AB This study examined the effectiveness of a social skills training program for normal-IQ adolescents with autism. Five boys participated in the 4 1/2-month treatment condition; four boys matched on age, IQ, and severity of autism constituted the no-treatment control group. In addition to teaching specific interactional and conversational skills, the training program provided explicit and systematic instruction in the underlying social-cognitive principles necessary to infer the mental states of others (i.e., theory of mind). Pre- and post-intervention assessment demonstrated meaningful change in the treatment group's performance on several false belief tasks, but no improvement in the control sample. No changes, however, were demonstrated on general parent and teacher ratings of social competence for either group. RP OZONOFF, S (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHOL,502 BEHAV SCI BLDG,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. CR BAER L, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P356 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 Baron-Cohen S., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P466 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BERLER ES, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P41, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-41 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x COHEN J, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P155, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 GOLDSTEIN AP, 1988, PREPARTE CURRICULUM Gresham F. M., 1990, SOCIAL SKILLS RATING Gresham F. M., 1983, J PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL, V1, P299, DOI 10.1177/073428298300100309 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HOLROYD S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF01046226 HUGHES JN, 1988, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V26, P167, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(88)90018-0 JACOBSON NS, 1984, BEHAV THER, V15, P336, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80002-7 Kazdin A, 1980, RES DESIGN CLIN PSYC LAGRECA AM, 1993, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V22, P288, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2202_14 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 MALIK NM, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1303, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02093.x Matson J. L., 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL, P241 Mesibov G., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P143 MESIBOV GB, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF02409830 OZER DJ, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V97, P307, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.97.2.307 OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 PAQUIN MJR, 1983, PSYCHOTHER-THEOR RES, V20, P38, DOI 10.1037/h0088476 PARKER JG, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V102, P357, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.102.3.357 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x ROSNOW RL, 1988, J COUNS PSYCHOL, V35, P203, DOI 10.1037//0022-0167.35.2.203 RUTTER M, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P481 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A WALKER H, 1983, WALKER SOCIAL SKILLS WILLIAMS TI, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P143, DOI 10.1007/BF02212726 NR 34 TC 189 Z9 191 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 415 EP 433 DI 10.1007/BF02179376 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RK445 UT WOS:A1995RK44500005 PM 7592252 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DA BOLTON, P AF WILLIAMSON, DA BOLTON, P TI ATYPICAL AUTISM AND TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS IN A SIBLING PAIR SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; BRAIN C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEV PSYCHIAT SECT,DOUGLAS HOUSE,18B TRUMPINGTON RD,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2AH,ENGLAND. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 CR COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF01046406 GILLBERG IC, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P50 Gomez MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 HUNT A, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P190 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 JAMBAQUE I, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P698 JONES PB, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P570, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.4.570 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 RIIKONEN R, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P747 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1007/BF02179377 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RK445 UT WOS:A1995RK44500006 PM 7592253 ER PT J AU ROSENFIELD, J AF ROSENFIELD, J TI BEHAVIORAL ISSUES IN AUTISM - SCHOPLER,E, MESIBOV,GB SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. RP ROSENFIELD, J (reprint author), HOSP SICK CHILDREN,CHILD DEV CLIN,555 UNIV AVE,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. CR SCHOPLER E, 1994, BEHAVIORAL ISSUES AU NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 290 EP 292 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA RQ570 UT WOS:A1995RQ57000020 ER PT J AU FRAZER, CH LEVINE, K AF FRAZER, CH LEVINE, K TI PARENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION FOR THEIR CHILD WITH AUTISM OR PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER (PDD) SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV GEN PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA RQ570 UT WOS:A1995RQ57000040 ER PT J AU MAJNEMER, A SHEVELL, MI AF MAJNEMER, A SHEVELL, MI TI DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF THE NEUROLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENTALLY DELAYED CHILD SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INTRAPARTUM ASPHYXIA; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CEREBRAL-PALSY; TOMOGRAPHY; DISORDERS; MARKER AB Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the etiologic yield of the neurologic assessment of a consecutive cohort of developmentally delayed children. Study design: A retrospective chart review was carried out on all patients referred to a single university-based pediatric neurologist for evaluation of global developmental delay from July 1991 to December 1993. Patients referred because of isolated speech or motor delay or autism or those who had been previously evaluated by another neurologist were excluded. Results: A total of 77 patients were identified; 47 were male, and 62 were referred by a pediatrician. Neurologic evaluation did not confirm global delay in 10, and 8 did not complete diagnostic evaluation; one child was included in both groups. Of the remaining 60, an etiologic diagnosis was suspected by the referring physician at the time of referral in 13. Although parents suspected a delay at a mean age of 0.66 (+/-0.69) year, children were examined by the neurologist at a mean age of 3.58 (+/-2.42) years. Twenty-five were mildly delayed, 23 were moderately delayed, and 12 were severely delayed. Diagnostic studies (history, physical examination, and selected investigations, including screens for metabolic disease, karyotype, fragile X testing, electroencephalography, and neuroimaging) yielded an etiologic diagnosis in 38 (63.3%) of the 60 patients. Etiologic categories included cerebral dysgenesis (16.7%), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (10.0%), chromosomal abnormalities (10%), toxins (8.3%), metabolic disorders (5.0%), and neurocutaneous (3.3%), neuromuscular (3.3%), genetic/dysmorphic (3.3%), and epileptic (3.3%) syndromes. Etiologic yield was equivalent across categories and degree of developmental delay. Conclusion: Referral to a pediatric neurologist and application of a selected battery of investigations yield etiologic findings with important implications with respect to management, prognosis, and recurrence risk estimate in a significant portion of globally delayed children. C1 MCGILL UNIV, MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP, DEPT PEDIAT, MONTREAL, PQ H3H 1P3, CANADA. MCGILL UNIV, MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP, DEPT HUMAN GENET, MONTREAL, PQ H3H 1P3, CANADA. RP MAJNEMER, A (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV, MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP, SCH PHYS & OCCUPAT THERAPY, DEPT NEUROL NEUROSURG, MONTREAL, PQ H3H 1P3, CANADA. CR AKESSON HO, 1986, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V74, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06218.x HUETHER CA, 1982, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V115, P846 BLACKMAN JA, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V89, P98 BLAIR E, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V112, P515, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80161-6 BODENSTEINER JB, 1990, PEDIATR NEUROL, V6, P391, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(90)90007-N BODENSTEINER JB, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P284, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90067-7 CARSON NAJ, 1962, ARCH DIS CHILD, V37, P505 DRILLIEN CM, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P294 DWORKIN PH, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V84, P1000 FIRST LR, 1994, NEW ENGL J MED, V330, P478, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199402173300708 FREEMAN JM, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V82, P240 HAGBERG B, 1983, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V5, P441 HUNTER AGW, 1980, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V22, P145 KOLODNY EH, 1989, NEUROLOGY, V39, P847 LEVY SE, 1993, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V40, P465 LINGAM S, 1982, ARCH DIS CHILD, V57, P381 LINGHAM S, 1983, ARCH DIS CHILD, V58, P628 MCLAREN J, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P243 MOESCHLER JB, 1981, J PEDIATR-US, V98, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80535-5 MUNNICH A, 1992, INT PEDIAT, V7, P28 NAIDU S, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P5, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90017-3 PUNNETT HH, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P824 ROTH KS, 1991, CLIN PEDIATR, V30, P183, DOI 10.1177/000992289103000310 ROUSSEAU F, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1673, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199112123252401 SCHAEFER GB, 1992, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V39, P929 SCHAEFER GB, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P933 SHEVELL MI, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P224, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90107-4 Simeonson RJ, 1992, PRIMARY PEDIAT CARE, P867 SMITH DW, 1975, AM J DIS CHILD, V129, P1285 TARLETON JC, 1993, J PEDIATR-US, V122, P169, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(06)80110-1 THARAPEL AT, 1989, AMJ MED GENET, V40, P117 Yoos L, 1985, Nurse Pract, V10, P29 NR 32 TC 91 Z9 92 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 127 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70294-6 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RN497 UT WOS:A1995RN49700004 PM 7543566 ER PT J AU VOLKMAR, FR RUTTER, M AF VOLKMAR, FR RUTTER, M TI CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER - RESULTS OF THE DSM-IV AUTISM FIELD TRIAL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER; HELLERS SYNDROME ID RETT SYNDROME; DEMENTIA AB Objective: This report is concerned with the classification of children in whom an ''autistic-like'' syndrome develops after some years of normal development. In DSM-IV the term ''childhood disintegrative disorder'' (CDD) is used to describe such cases. Method: Data collected as part of the international, multisite DSM-IV field trial for autism and related conditions were examined and cases that met DSM-IV criteria for CDD were identified. Results: In 16 cases the clinician had given a CDD diagnosis; in an additional 10 cases criteria for the condition were met even though this diagnosis was not given by the clinician rating the case. Conclusions: The available data suggest that CDD cases can be differentiated from those with autism; these two groups appear to differ in important ways. The identification of cases of CDD may be of particular importance for research. C1 YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT. UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BURD L, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P609 CORBETT J, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P349 CORBETT J, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P211, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00433.x HARPER J, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P25, DOI 10.1007/BF01537970 Heller T, 1908, Z ERFORSCHUNG BEHAND, V2, P141 Heller T, 1930, Z KINDERFORSCH, V37, P661 KURITA H, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P785 Rutter M., 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P569 TSAI LY, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P551, DOI 10.1007/BF01046327 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P1450 WILSON J, 1974, ARCH DIS CHILD, V47, P163 World Health Organization, 1990, INT CLASS DIS, V10th NR 18 TC 56 Z9 56 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1092 EP 1095 DI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00020 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA RL320 UT WOS:A1995RL32000020 PM 7665448 ER PT J AU VANDERGAAG, RJ BUITELAAR, J VANDENBAN, E BEZEMER, M NJIO, L VANENGELAND, H AF VANDERGAAG, RJ BUITELAAR, J VANDENBAN, E BEZEMER, M NJIO, L VANENGELAND, H TI A CONTROLLED MULTIVARIATE CHART REVIEW OF MULTIPLE COMPLEX DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; MULTIPLE COMPLEX (MULTIPLEX) DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; AUTISM ID CHILDREN; PERSONALITY; CHILDHOOD; VALIDITY; AUTISM AB Objective: The primary aim of the study was to ascertain the usefulness and the validity of the set of criteria proposed to define a subgroup within the DSM-III/-R category of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified under the name of multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD). Method: A multivariate analysis (cluster and principal-components analysis) was performed on the characteristics, reliably extracted from the charts of 105 children with MCDD, 32 with autistic disorder, 51 with externalizing disorders, and 56 with internalizing disorders, all with an IQ greater than 70, fully assessed in our department between 1984 and 1991. Results: The main finding was a strong correspondence between the classification of the cases by DSM-III-R categories and the subdivision by means of a multivariate cluster analysis. The cluster analysis did not discriminate between children with emotional and disruptive disorders. Furthermore, children with MCDD and autistic disorder were significantly different both on symptom factors (''psychotic thinking/anxiety,'' ''aggression,'' ''deficient interaction/communication,'' ''stereotyped and rigid behavior,'' and ''suspiciousness/odd interaction'') and on factors that reflected developmental and environmental background variables. Conclusion: The results of this study add to the nosology of autistic spectrum disorders and lend additional support to the need for a separate subcategory of MCDD within DSM-V. Further corroboration of these results in independent (multicenter) samples will be required. C1 UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT,RUDOLF MAGNUS INST NEUROSCI,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. VELDWIJK RES INST,ERMELO,NETHERLANDS. RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012; Gaag, R.J./H-8030-2014 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757; CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bender L, 1942, NERV CHILD, V1, P138 CICCHETTI DV, 1991, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V13, P328, DOI 10.1080/01688639108401047 Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 Cohen D. J., 1994, DEV FOLLOW UP CONCEP, P155 COHEN J, 1968, PSYCHOL BULL, V70, P213, DOI 10.1037/h0026256 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 FISH B, 1968, AM J PSYCHIAT, V124, P1415 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x KAMP L N, 1953, Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg, V53, P309 Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B KRAEMER HC, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P37, DOI 10.2307/2685259 MAHLER MS, 1949, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V19, P295 NAGY J, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P351, DOI 10.1007/BF01531664 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PRIOR M, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P71, DOI 10.1007/BF01537973 PROVENCE S, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P677 RANK B, 1949, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V19, P130 RESCORLA L, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P475, DOI 10.1007/BF02211868 ROBSON KS, 1983, BORDERLINE CHILD APP ROSENFELD SK, 1963, PSYCHOANAL STUDY CHI, V29, P341 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 SNIJDERS J, 1975, SNIJDERS OOMEN NIET Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STEVENS J, 1992, APPL MULTIVARIATE ST, P384 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 THORLEY G, 1982, J ADOLESCENCE, V5, P179, DOI 10.1016/S0140-1971(82)80046-8 TOWBIN KE, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P775, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199307000-00011 van Alphen de Veer R. J., 1976, LEIDSE DIAGNOSTISCHE Van der Meulen BF, 1985, MCCARTHY ONTWIKKELIN VANDERGAAG RJ, 1993, THESIS U UTRECHT NET VEERMAN JW, 1987, HANDLEIDING SCORINGS VERHULST FC, 1985, MENTAL HLTH DUTCH CH Weil AP, 1953, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V8, P271 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb01704.x NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1096 EP 1106 DI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00021 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA RL320 UT WOS:A1995RL32000021 PM 7665449 ER PT J AU STEFANATOS, GA GROVER, W GELLER, E AF STEFANATOS, GA GROVER, W GELLER, E TI CASE-STUDY - CORTICOSTEROID TREATMENT OF LANGUAGE REGRESSION IN PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; FREQUENCY MODULATION; AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIALS ID LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME; ACQUIRED APHASIA; CONVULSIVE DISORDER; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; AUTISM AB The authors describe a child whose language and behavior regressed at 22 months and in whom pervasive developmental disorder was later diagnosed. At 6 years, he displayed a profound receptive-expressive aphasia accompanied by behavioral disturbances characterized by hyperactivity, impaired social interactions, tantrums, gestural stereotypies, and echolalia. A single-photon emission computed tomography scan and steady-state auditory evoked potentials suggested bitemporal and left frontal pathophysiology. The overall profile resembled Landau-Kleffner syndrome, but no electroencephalographic disturbance was evident. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in amelioration of language abilities and behavior. These findings suggest that the factors underlying language regression in pervasive developmental disorder can, in special circumstances, be amenable to pharmacological treatment. C1 ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,NUCL MED SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,CHILD NEUROL SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. TEMPLE UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. RP STEFANATOS, GA (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,CTR CLIN & DEV NEUROPSYCHOL,1201 CHESTNUT ST,SUITE 400,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107, USA. CR Beaumanoir A., 1985, EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES, P181 Beery K. E., 1989, DEV TEST VISUAL MOTO DEONNA TW, 1991, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V8, P288, DOI 10.1097/00004691-199107010-00005 DiSimoni F., 1978, TOKEN TEST CHILDREN Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA GARDNER MF, 1979, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD GASCON G, 1973, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V28, P156 HIRSCH E, 1990, EPILEPSIA, V31, P756, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05517.x HUMPHREY IL, 1975, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V14, P625 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 LANDAU WM, 1957, NEUROLOGY, V7, P523 LERMAN P, 1989, ADV EPILEPTOL, P330 Lou HC, 1977, EPILEPSY, P295 MOURIDSEN SE, 1993, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V24, P47, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071512 MSALL M, 1986, CLIN PEDIATR, V25, P248, DOI 10.1177/000992288602500502 NASS R, 1990, J CHILD NEUROL, V5, P327 OTUAMA LA, 1992, J NUCL MED, V33, P1758 RAPIN I, 1977, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V19, P192 Rimland B., 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM RODRIGUEZ I, 1982, CLIN ELECTROENCEPHAL, V13, P23 ROULET E, 1991, EPILEPSIA, V32, P495, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb04683.x RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 STEFANATOS GA, 1993, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V682, P412, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23009.x WORSTERD.C, 1971, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V13, P563 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 56 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1111 DI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00022 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA RL320 UT WOS:A1995RL32000022 PM 7545148 ER PT J AU LUBETSKY, MJ MUELLER, L MADDEN, K WALKER, R LEN, D AF LUBETSKY, MJ MUELLER, L MADDEN, K WALKER, R LEN, D TI FAMILY-CENTERED INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM-APPROACH TO WORKING WITH FAMILIES OF CHILDREN WHO HAVE MENTAL-RETARDATION SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 116th Annual Convention of the American-Association-on-Mental-Retardation CY MAY 27, 1992 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Assoc Mental Retardat AB Working with children who have mental retardation and their fami lies is challenging and rewarding. When these children also have behavioral/psychiatric problems, the challenge is far greater, An interdisciplinary team is needed for comprehensive assessment, treatment, and management in order to be successful in accomplishing goals, providing continuity of care, and supporting the family in the community. In this paper we focused on the interdisciplinary ream concept blended with the family-centered approach in a psychiatric setting and provided a case study of a family who had a child diagnosed with mental retardation, autism, and severe behavior problems, Practical suggestions were given to demonstrate the implementation of a family-centered/interdisciplinary team approach. RP LUBETSKY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN,MENTAL RETARDAT SERV,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. CR BREGMAN JD, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P861, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00001 BREGMAN JD, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P707, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80001-2 BREWER EJ, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V83, P1055 Doherty W. J., 1988, FAMILIES HLTH Dunst C., 1988, ENABLING EMPOWERING DUNST CJ, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P403 DUNST CJ, 1991, COLLABORATION PARENT, P25 EATON LF, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1297 FEATHERSTONE H, 1980, DIFFERENCE FAMILY Leviton A, 1992, INFANTS YOUNG CHILDR, V4, P1 MADSEN MK, 1992, ANN M AM ASS MENTAL MITCHELL D, 1983, MENTAL RETARDATION R REISS S, 1982, MENT RETARD, V20, P128 ROUTBURG M, 1986, BECOMING SPECIAL PAR Seligman M., 1989, ORDINARY FAMILIES SP SIMONS R, 1987, TEARS PARENTS TALK R Turnbull AP, 1986, FAMILIES PROFESSIONA NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0011-7668 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA RN220 UT WOS:A1995RN22000006 PM 7565148 ER PT J AU BAUMAN, ML KEMPER, TL ARIN, DM AF BAUMAN, ML KEMPER, TL ARIN, DM TI PERVASIVE NEUROANATOMICAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE BRAIN IN 3 CASES OF RETTS-SYNDROME SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROPATHOLOGY; AUTISM AB Rett's syndrome (RS) is a clinically defined disorder that appears to be unique to girls and is characterized by apparent cognitive and motor skill loss early in life. We report our findings in the brains of three girls with RS, which were studied in comparison with age-matched controls by means of gapless serial section. Reduced neuronal cell size and increased cell-packing density were present throughout the cortical and subcortical regions of the brain in all cases without evidence of active degeneration. These observations appear to be consistent with a curtailment of development. Further, the degree of abnormality in each case correlates more closely with the clinical presentation of the patient at the time of death than with the age of the patient or duration of symptoms. C1 BOSTON CITY HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02118. MASSACHUSETTS INST ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,BOSTON,MA. RP BAUMAN, ML (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,CHILDRENS NEUROL SERV,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. CR Angevine JB, 1961, HUMAN CEREBELLUM ATL ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 ARMSTRONG DD, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, pS89 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P116 Brodal A, 1940, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V43, P46 CROSBY EC, 1962, CORRELATIVE ANATOMY, P260 DEBASSIO WA, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P350 DEKABAN AS, 1978, ANN NEUROL, V4, P345, DOI 10.1002/ana.410040410 de No RL, 1934, J PSYCHOL NEUROL, V46, P113 Eccles J., 1967, CEREBELLUM NEURONAL FITZGERALD PM, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40, P293 FONTANESI J, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS20 FRIEDE RL, 1989, DEV NEUROPATHOLOGY, P372 Greenfield JG, 1954, SPINO CEREBELLAR DEG HANAWAY J, 1971, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V30, P380, DOI 10.1097/00005072-197107000-00006 HARDING BN, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P342 Holmes G, 1908, BRAIN, V31, P125, DOI 10.1093/brain/31.1.125 JELLINGER K, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P259 JELLINGER K, 1988, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V76, P142 KERR AM, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P487 Konigsmark BW, 1970, CONT RES METHODS NEU, P315 LEKMAN A, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P357, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90049-0 MANN HB, 1947, ANN MATH STAT, V18, P50, DOI 10.1214/aoms/1177730491 NAIDU S, 1994, OCT CONJ M INT CHILD Norman RM, 1940, J NEUROL PSYCHIATRY, V3, P311, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.3.4.311 OLDFORS A, 1990, PEDIATR NEUROL, V6, P310, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(90)90022-S Olszewski J, 1954, CYTOARCHITECTURE HUM RAKIC P, 1968, J COMP NEUROL, V132, P45, DOI 10.1002/cne.901320103 RAKIC P, 1971, J COMP NEUROL, V141, P283, DOI 10.1002/cne.901410303 RAKIC P, 1970, J COMP NEUROL, V139, P473, DOI 10.1002/cne.901390407 REISS AL, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P227, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340220 Rett A, 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V29, P305 RETT A, 1966, ZEREBRAL ATROPHISCHE, P1 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 RIEDERER P, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P351 SUMI SM, 1980, BRAIN, V93, P821 TREVATHAN E, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS6 VONECONOMO C, 1925, CYTOARCHITECTONIK ER WENK GL, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V41, P1753 WILLIAMS RW, 1988, J COMP NEUROL, V278, P344, DOI 10.1002/cne.902780305 YAKOVLEV PI, 1970, NEUROPATHOLOGY METHO, P370 ZOGHBI H, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS76 ZOGHBI HY, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P148, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320350131 NR 45 TC 95 Z9 97 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1581 EP 1586 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RP304 UT WOS:A1995RP30400028 PM 7644058 ER PT J AU STAUDER, JEA MOTTRON, L HASSAINIA, F ROBAEY, P AF STAUDER, JEA MOTTRON, L HASSAINIA, F ROBAEY, P TI HIGH-DENSITY ERP TOPOGRAPHY TO A 75/25 AND 50/50 ODDBALL TASK IN HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MONTREAL,HOP ST JUSTINE,MONTREAL,PQ H3T 1C5,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SOC PSYCHOPHYSIOL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 1010 VERMONT AVE NW SUITE 1100, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD AUG PY 1995 VL 32 SU 1 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA RT160 UT WOS:A1995RT16000291 ER PT J AU JORDAN, R LIBBY, S POWELL, S AF JORDAN, R LIBBY, S POWELL, S TI THEORIES OF AUTISM - WHY DO THEY MATTER SO SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; MIND; REPRESENTATION; DECEPTION; CHILDREN AB This paper describes three theoretical positions relating to the difficulty in understanding the minds of others which is typically experienced by individuals with autism. Each of the competing theories is examined in terms of its implications for classroom practice rather than its veracity. Arguments for an approach to teaching that involves diagnosis and recognition of difficulties at a psychological rather than a merely behavioural level are revisited and extended in the light of the earlier discussions. C1 UNIV HERTFORDSHIRE,SCH HUMANITIES & EDUC,ALDENHAM WD2 8AT,HERTS,ENGLAND. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 Forrester M. A, 1993, CRITICAL INFLUENCES, P40 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 HOLYROYD S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P379 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 JORDAN R, 1990, COMMUNICATION, V24, P20 JORDAN R, 1990, SPECIAL CURRICULAR N JORDAN R, 1991, DEC BRIT PSYCH SOC L JORDAN R, 1990, COMMUNICATION, V24, P23 JORDAN RR, 1990, OPTION APPROACH AUTI LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1987, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 MCHALE SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF02408289 *NAT AUT SOC, 1991, APPR AUT Nind M., 1988, BRIT J SPECIAL ED, V15, P55, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8578.1988.tb00314.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x POWELL S, 1993, JUL INT C AUT WORLD POWELL S, 1991, APR P INT C THER APP, P10 POWELL S, 1992, APR INT C AUT RES PR RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 Sacks Oliver, 1995, ANTHR MARS Shallice T., 1988, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY MENT Tinbergen N., 1983, AUTISTIC CHILDREN NE UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND EC2A 4PU SN 0143-0343 J9 SCHOOL PSYCHOL INT JI Sch. Psychol. Int. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1177/0143034395163005 PG 12 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA RX366 UT WOS:A1995RX36600005 ER PT J AU LEKMAN, A SKJELDAL, O SPONHEIM, E SVENNERHOLM, L AF LEKMAN, A SKJELDAL, O SPONHEIM, E SVENNERHOLM, L TI GANGLIOSIDES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; GANGLIOSIDES; MENTAL RETARDATION; NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS; SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AB Concentrations of the four major brain gangliosides, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b, biochemical markers of neuronal membranes, were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 20 children with autism and in 25 controls. In addition, the gangliosides were determined in children with different forms of non-progressive neurological disorders lacking clinical features of autism. GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b were significantly increased in patients with autism compared with age-matched controls and children with non-progressive neurological disorders. The gangliosides have previously been shown to have a function in synaptic transmission and increased synaptic activity leads to added release of gangliosides. Our finding of increased CSF levels of gangliosides in autism suggests increased synaptic activity in this disorder. C1 UNIV OSLO,RIKSHOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,N-0027 OSLO,NORWAY. UNIV OSLO,NATL CTR CHILD PSYCHIAT,OSLO,NORWAY. RP LEKMAN, A (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CLIN NEUROSCI,PSYCHIAT & NEUROCHEM SECT,S-43180 MOLNDAL,SWEDEN. CR DAVIDSON P, 1991, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V187, P105 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P89, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.1.89 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO HANSSON HA, 1977, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V74, P3782, DOI 10.1073/pnas.74.9.3782 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, P774 RAHMANN H, 1994, PROG BRAIN RES, V101, P127 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 Svennerholm L, 1980, Adv Exp Med Biol, V125, P533 SVENNERHOLM L, 1989, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V1005, P109, DOI 10.1016/0005-2760(89)90175-6 SVENNERHOLM LARS, 1957, ACTA SOC MED UPSALIENSIS, V62, P1 1992, ICD10 CLASSIFICATION NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 84 IS 7 BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13757.x PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RJ496 UT WOS:A1995RJ49600016 PM 7549298 ER PT J AU ELIA, M MUSUMECI, SA FERRI, R BERGONZI, P AF ELIA, M MUSUMECI, SA FERRI, R BERGONZI, P TI CLINICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EPILEPSY IN SUBJECTS WITH AUTISM AND MENTAL-RETARDATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; SEIZURES AB Clinical and neurophysiological findings for 28 patients with mental retardation, autism, and epilepsy were described. Correct classification of seizure type and epileptic syndrome (when possible), etiology, severity of autism and epilepsy, EEG findings, and neuroimaging findings were given. No particular epileptic syndrome was found to be more frequently correlated to autism, severity of autism was not correlated with a more pronounced tendency to develop seizures, and females with autism were more frequently affected by seizures than were males. In conclusion, the risk for epilepsy does not seem to be correlated to autism itself, but the same noxious event induces autism and epilepsy. The severity of epilepsy is strictly correlated with its etiopathogenetic mechanisms. C1 UNIV UDINE,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. RP ELIA, M (reprint author), OASI INST,VIA CONTE RUGGERO 73,I-94018 TROINA,ITALY. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 100 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA RH994 UT WOS:A1995RH99400002 PM 7546638 ER PT J AU RIVKIN, MJ FLAX, J MOZELL, R OSATHANONDH, R VOLPE, JJ VILLAKOMAROFF, L AF RIVKIN, MJ FLAX, J MOZELL, R OSATHANONDH, R VOLPE, JJ VILLAKOMAROFF, L TI OLIGODENDROGLIAL DEVELOPMENT IN HUMAN FETAL CEREBRUM SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLIAL PROGENITOR-CELL; RAT OPTIC-NERVE; GROWTH-FACTOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CULTURE; DIFFERENTIATION; ASTROCYTES; INVITRO; BRAIN; PROLIFERATION AB We have successfully established mixed glial cell primary cultures prepared from individual fetal human brains (15-18 weeks' gestation in age). Cultures were maintained for as long as 3 months in either 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) or serum-free chemically defined medium (CDM). By morphological and immunohistochemical criteria, the precursor cell for human oligodendrocytes (O-2A cell) was identified. This cell exhibited the bipolar morphology and A2B5-positive (A2B5(+)) immunoreactivity typical of the O-2A precursor cell. With time in culture, cells possessing a stellate morphology appeared, some of which stained with the 04 antibody, indicative of cell differentiation in the oligodendroglial lineage. At yet older culture age, arborized cells bearing the O1 (galactocerebroside, GC) immunohistochemical marker and displaying the morphological characteristics typical of more mature oligodendrocytes were found, confirming their oligodendroglial identity. Oligodendroglial differentiation was supported best by CDM rather than FCS. To complement these observations, double immunofluorescent studies were performed on parietal sections from human fetal brains at 20 to 22 weeks of gestation. Bipolar A2B5(+), multipolar A2B5(+)/O4(+), and arborized A2B5(-)/01(+) cells were found, thus confirming the presence of oligodendrocytes in human fetal brain at this stage of prenatal development and consistent with the observations made in cell culture. RP RIVKIN, MJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ENDERS 260,300 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1002/ana.410380116 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RH043 UT WOS:A1995RH04300014 PM 7611731 ER PT J AU WILLIS, DS AF WILLIS, DS TI AUTISM - AN INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY - HAPPE,F SO CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS LA English DT Book Review RP WILLIS, DS (reprint author), UNIV LEICESTER,GREENWOOD INST CHILD HLTH,WESTCOTES HOUSE,WESTCOTES DR,LEICESTER LE3 0QU,LEICS,ENGLAND. CR Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0269-9206 J9 CLIN LINGUIST PHONET JI Clin. Linguist. Phon. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 272 EP 273 PG 2 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA RF815 UT WOS:A1995RF81500007 ER PT J AU Abrams, MT Reiss, AL AF Abrams, MT Reiss, AL TI Quantitative brain imaging studies of fragile X syndrome SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; FMR1; neuropathology; cerebellar vermis; hippocampus; superior temporal gyrus; thalamus; cerebrospinal fluid; caudate nucleus ID DSM-III-R; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TWINS DISCORDANT; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; FEMALE CARRIERS; GRAY-MATTER; FMR-1 GENE; MALES; AUTISM AB Brain dysfunction is the most important phenotypic feature of the fragile X syndrome. Information about the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral dysfunction in individuals with the fragile X (FMR1) mutation can be explored through the study of brain structure and function. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the best way to generate high resolution, structural images of the brain in vivo. Since 1987, our laboratory has conducted several MRI studies of individuals with the FMR1 mutation. These studies have identified specific brain regions which differentiate individuals with fragile X from matched contrast groups. In this review we will describe these neuroanatomical findings, consider hypotheses about how the neuropathology of specific brain regions might lead to neurobehavioral features of the fragile X phenotype, and discuss future directions for brain imaging research. C1 KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,BEHAV NEUROGENET & NEUROIMAGING RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. 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Brain Dysfunct. PD JUL-DEC PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4-6 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA UB477 UT WOS:A1995UB47700003 ER PT J AU Freund, LS Peebles, CD Aylward, E Reiss, AL AF Freund, LS Peebles, CD Aylward, E Reiss, AL TI Preliminary report on cognitive and adaptive behaviors of preschool-aged males with fragile X SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE fragile X; behaviors cognitive, adaptive; IQ; age preschool ID PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; STANDARD SCORES; FRA(X) SYNDROME; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; AUTISM AB Preliminary results are presented of 18 males with fragile X (fra X) syndrome between the ages of 16 and 64 months compared to non-fra X males individually matched on age and overall IQ. Cognitive assessments were conducted with either the Bayley Scales of Infant Development or the Stanford-Binet, 4th edition. Adaptive and maladaptive behaviors were assessed by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and the Child Behavior Checklist, respectively. Forty-four percent of the fra X group had overall IQs in the borderline to average ranges. In cognitive assessments with the Stanford-Binet, the fra X group scored lower than controls in quantitative and short-term memory areas. There was no evidence, however, that overall IQ declined among the fra X children across the 16 through 64 month age period. Older (greater than or equal to 40 months) fra X males scored lower in the communication and socialization adaptive behavior domains than younger (< 40 months) fra X males and older controls. Among maladaptive behaviors, social withdrawal behaviors were most problematic for the young males with fra X. 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Brain Dysfunct. PD JUL-DEC PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4-6 BP 242 EP 251 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA UB477 UT WOS:A1995UB47700008 ER PT J AU Cohen, IL AF Cohen, IL TI Behavioral profiles of autistic and nonautistic fragile X males SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; autism; adaptive functioning; hyperarousal; mood; neurological mechanisms ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; SWEDISH MULTICENTER; SYNDROME AFRAX; CHILDREN; FEMALES; ABNORMALITIES; ASSOCIATION; DISABILITY; CHROMOSOME; PREVALENCE AB Research on the fragile X syndrome has provided important clues regarding the role genetic factors play in behavioral expression. In this paper, the cognitive and emotional characteristics associated with fragile X syndrome are reviewed, with emphasis on further defining the behavioral profile of fragile X males with autism. Data are presented regarding adaptive skill development in autistic and nonautistic subtypes of fragile X males along with parent reports of their social, communicative, disruptive and repetitive behaviors relative to controls. Results indicated that autistic fragile X males show different profiles of adaptive skills and mood than nonautistic fragile X males and appear to represent a distinct subtype within this etiologically defined syndrome. The implications of these behavioral observations for treatment are discussed. Further, recent findings regarding the possible role of the FMR1 gene on neural development and their implications for understanding the behaviors associated with fragile X are also discussed. RP Cohen, IL (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,NEW YORK STATE OFF MENTAL RETARDAT & DEV DISABIL,STATEN ISL,NY 10314, USA. CR ABITBOL M, 1993, NAT GENET, V4, P147, DOI 10.1038/ng0693-147 Aggleton J. 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Brain Dysfunct. PD JUL-DEC PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4-6 BP 252 EP 269 PG 18 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA UB477 UT WOS:A1995UB47700009 ER PT J AU Belser, RC Sudhalter, V AF Belser, RC Sudhalter, V TI Arousal difficulties in males with fragile X syndrome: A preliminary report SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; arousal; gaze aversion; social avoidance; language; skin conductance ID AUTISM; LANGUAGE; BEHAVIOR; GAZE AB The fragile X syndrome [fra(X)] is an inherited condition associated with disabilities such as mental retardation, social anxiety, hyperactivity and autism. Clinical observations have suggested that hyperarousal, or an inability to normally modulate arousal, distinguishes individuals with fra(X) from others with similar behavioral symptoms. In order to provide experimental evidence to support this hypothesis, we are studying the relationship between arousal and both verbal and non-verbal behavior in fra(X). In this report, we present preliminary data, using behavioral and physiological indices of arousal, which suggest that males with fra(X) become more aroused than their non-fra(X) peers with otherwise similar developmental disabilities. The implications of these results for the assessment and treatment of individuals with fra(X) are discussed. RP Belser, RC (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,NEW YORK STATE OFF MENTAL RETARDAT & DEV DISA,STATEN ISL,NY 10314, USA. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1993, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO Aman M., 1986, ABERRANT BEHAV CHECK BERK RA, 1979, AM J MENT DEF, V83, P460 BERRYKRAVIS E, 1962, 1992 INT FRAG X C P, P51 BRADEN ML, 1992, 1992 INTERNATIONAL FRAGILE X CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, P161 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x COHEN IL, 1992, 1992 INTERNATIONAL FRAGILE X CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, P121 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 Conners C.K., 1990, CONNERS RATING SCALE Duffy E., 1962, ACTIVATION BEHAV EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FISCH GS, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P47, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430107 FOWLES DC, 1981, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V18, P232, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb03024.x Hagerman R J, 1987, Curr Probl Pediatr, V17, P621 Hagerman RJ, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P3 Kaufman A, 1983, INTERPRETIVE MANUAL KERBY DS, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P455 KRUG DA, 1980, EXAMINERS MANUAL AUT LACHIEWICZ AM, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P567 LEVITAS A, 1983, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P153 LYKKEN DT, 1971, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V8, P656, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00501.x MONTI PM, 1984, BEHAV RES THER, V22, P651, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(84)90128-1 MUSUMECI SA, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P511, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380276 MUSUMECI SA, 1988, EPILEPSIA, V29, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb05096.x PAUL R, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P457, DOI 10.1007/BF01486963 Raskin DC, 1973, ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVI SCHARFENAKER S, 1951, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P327 SEMEL E, 1980, EXAMINERS MANUAL CLI SIMKO A, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V83, P547 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SUDHALTER V, 1989, 4 INT WORKSH FRAG X SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd WOLFF PH, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P406 Wolf-Schein E G, 1987, ASHA, V29, P35 NR 38 TC 59 Z9 60 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JUL-DEC PY 1995 VL 8 IS 4-6 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA UB477 UT WOS:A1995UB47700010 ER PT J AU ROSENBAUM, P SAIGAL, S SZATMARI, P HOULT, L AF ROSENBAUM, P SAIGAL, S SZATMARI, P HOULT, L TI VINELAND ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES AS A SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF EXTREMELY LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT CHILDREN SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICALLY DEFINED REGION; BIRTH-WEIGHTS LESS; INFANTS 501; 1000 GRAMS; RESIDENTS; PERSPECTIVE; AUTISM; HEALTH AB This study reports moderate to high Pearson correlations between Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) subscale and total scores and a variety of cognitive, academic and motor performance tests on a population of extremely low-birthweight infants assessed at eight years of age. The subscales describe adaptive behaviour in daily living, communication, motor function and socialization, as well as an adaptive behaviour composite score. Because it can provide a norm-referenced description of functional outcomes and can be used to assess all children regardless of disability, the authors believe that the VABS should be applied uniformly by all groups reporting school-age outcome of neonatal intensive-care populations. C1 MCMASTER UNIV,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HAMILTON,ON L8N 3ZG,CANADA. RP ROSENBAUM, P (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,1200 MAIN ST W,HAMILTON,ON L8N 3ZG,CANADA. CR ANDERSON EM, 1973, DISABLED SCHOOLCHILD Beery KE, 1967, DEV TEST VISUAL MOTO Bruininks R. H., 1978, BRUININKS OSERETSKY DiSimoni F., 1978, TOKEN TEST CHILDREN Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FREEMAN BJ, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P428, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00008 GARDNER MF, 1979, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD HOLDEN RH, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE, V1, P715 HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1969, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA Jastak S, 1984, WIDE RANGE ACHIEVEME KITCHEN WH, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P761 LINDON R L, 1963, Dev Med Child Neurol, V5, P125 LOVELAND KA, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P84 MIDDLETON HA, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P669 Piers E., 1984, PIERS HARRIS CHILDRE SAIGAL S, 1989, J PEDIATR-US, V114, P839, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80150-7 SAIGAL S, 1984, J PEDIATR-US, V105, P969, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80093-1 SAIGAL S, 1982, J PEDIATR-US, V100, P606, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(82)80767-1 SAIGAL S, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P751, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80043-5 SAIGAL S, 1990, J PEDIATR-US, V116, P409, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82835-5 Sinclair J.C., 1992, EFFECTIVE CARE NEWBO Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPARROW SS, 1985, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V10, P215, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/10.2.215 SZATMARI P, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P954 TAYLOR RL, 1990, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V71, P685 TEPLIN SW, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P768, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80045-9 THOMAS AP, 1989, CLIN DEV MED, V106, P40 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WILLIAMS M, WILLIAMS INTELLIGENC Woodcock R. W., 1977, WOODCOCK JOHNSON PSY NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 37 IS 7 BP 577 EP 586 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA RL047 UT WOS:A1995RL04700003 PM 7542210 ER PT J AU ROVET, J KREKEWICH, K PERLMAN, K WEKSBERG, R HOLLAND, J FEIGENBAUM, A AF ROVET, J KREKEWICH, K PERLMAN, K WEKSBERG, R HOLLAND, J FEIGENBAUM, A TI SAVANT CHARACTERISTICS IN A CHILD WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY AND DELETION IN THE SHORT ARM CHROMOSOME-20 SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Note ID ALAGILLE SYNDROME; IDIOT-SAVANT; ARTERIOHEPATIC DYSPLASIA; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; HYPERLEXIA; DIAGNOSIS; MEMORY; INFANT; AUTISM; GENE AB The developmental outcome of a four-year-old boy with a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 20 is described. Despite a number of early medical problems, including infantile hypoglycemic convulsions secondary to growth hormone deficiency and delayed motor and language development, he has been reading (self-taught) since 2.5 years and currently has computer proficiency, an exceptional memory for maps and spatial locations, an extremely rich and active fantasy life, good diction, and an extensive spoken vocabulary. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed low-average intelligence with normal language, memory and attention functions, and impaired visuomotor and graphomotor ability and motor skills. He showed extremely advanced decoding and reading comprehension skills while mathematics, spelling and general knowledge abilities were average. C1 HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT NEUROL,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT PEDIAT ENDOCRINOL,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT GENET,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 37 IS 7 BP 637 EP 644 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA RL047 UT WOS:A1995RL04700009 PM 7542211 ER PT J AU ROHMER, JG BURSZTEJN, C NOBELIS, P DANIONGRILLIAT, A POMES, JC CHAUVIN, A AF ROHMER, JG BURSZTEJN, C NOBELIS, P DANIONGRILLIAT, A POMES, JC CHAUVIN, A TI CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH ORGANIC PATHOLOGY - RESULTS OF A STUDY ABOUT 144 CASES SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE LA French DT Article DE AUTISM; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; CLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ORGANIC PATHOLOGY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RISK FACTORS ID FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; PREGNANCY AB The records of 144 patients of Child Psychiatry Units of Alsace (France), with childhood psychosis (CP) or pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) have been systematically screened for previous or associated pathological events. Half of the children studied have been or are still affected by severe somatic disorders, but none of the diagnostic subcategories (refering to DSM III or CFTMEA) appeared significantly more frequently affected. In our population, the severity of organic disorders was positively correlated with : - the age of the mother : more severe cases were reported when the mother was younger than 20 or older than 40 at the moment of childbirth; - pathological events during pregnancy - early mother-child separation during the first year of life. The most frequent associated disorders however (neonatal pathology 45% of the cases, epilepsy 17% of the cases, neurological or neurosensorial pathology 15% of the cases) were associated neither with a specific diagnostic nor with a clinical and social specific pattern. The only statistically significant correlation was found between neurological pathology and a relatively low level of cognitive and social functioning. All these results were confirmed by multivariate statistical analysis. A main component analysis integrating all quantified data concerning organic pathology was performed : it emphazises the independance of the different pathological events reported. The factorial analysis including the clinical, diagnostical and somatic event-related datas failed to show any statistical profile associating functional features of the children with any particular previous or existing somatic disorders. Our results suggest that a history of organic pathological events is frequent not only in autistic disorders but in any kind of PDD or early CP - associated with moderate to severe mental retardation, in most cases of our study. However, this does not demonstrate that this type of pathological events consitute the direct and unique cause of PDD and CP : the concept of the aetiology of these severe diseases must take account of other factors - such as relational disruption -, also frequently seen in these children. C1 CHRU STRASBOURG,SERV PSYCHOTHERAP ENFANTS & ADOLESCENTS,F-67000 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. CHRU STRASBOURG,DEPT PSYCHIAT ADULTE,F-67000 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. UNIV STRASBOURG 1,INST RECH MATH AVANCEE,STRASBOURG,FRANCE. CH HASENRAIN,F-68051 MULHOUSE,FRANCE. CHS,F-67170 BRUMATH,FRANCE. 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Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 21 IS 4 BP 307 EP 316 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA TC201 UT WOS:A1995TC20100008 PM 7588170 ER PT J AU RICHDALE, AL PRIOR, MR AF RICHDALE, AL PRIOR, MR TI THE SLEEP-WAKE RHYTHM IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE SLEEP DISORDER; AUTISM; CHILDREN ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEPRESSION AB The sleep patterns of two groups of children with autism, one with moderate to severe intellectual handicap, and one with mild handicap to normal IQ level, were compared with those of children without autism. Parents completed 14 day sleep diaries and questionnaires. Results suggested that at some stage during childhood, particularly under 8 years of age, the majority of children with autism will experience deep problems. These problems are likely to be severe in many cases and will generally include one or more of extreme sleep latencies; lengthy periods of night waking; shortened night sleep; and early morning waking. Such problems may have some specificity for autism as they appear to be rare in non-handicapped children and in children with mild degrees of intellectual handicap. It is likely that sleep problems in early childhood are related to the severe social difficulties present in autism and the consequent inability of these children to use social cues to synchronise their sleep/wake cycle. Continued sleep difficulties at older ages and with higher IQ may also be related to arousal and anxiety factors. C1 LA TROBE UNIV,SCH PSYCHOL,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. RP RICHDALE, AL (reprint author), RMIT,DEPT PSYCHOL & INTELLECTUAL DISABIL STUDIES,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. CR ASCHOFF J, 1971, SCIENCE, V171, P213, DOI 10.1126/science.171.3967.213 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 CLEMENTS J, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P399, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01841.x COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 CZEISLER CA, 1987, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V10, P687 EHLERS CL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P948 EPSTEIN R, 1992, J SLEEP RES S, V1, P68 FEIN D, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P127 FERBER R, 1986, SLEEP RES, V15, P120 Ferber R, 1987, SLEEP ITS DISORDERS, P141 FISHER BE, 1989, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V68, P227 Fukuma E, 1974, Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn, V28, P333 GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P23 Gortelmeyer R, 1985, METHODS SLEEP RES, P93 Grubar J C, 1983, Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin, V13, P107, DOI 10.1016/S0370-4475(83)80068-9 Hoshino Y., 1987, JAP J PSYCHIATR NEUR, V41, P228 INAMURA K, 1984, JPN J CHILD ADOLESC, V25, P205 JENSEN JB, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61085-2 KLACKENBERG G, 1982, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V71, P501, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09459.x Klackenberg G., 1971, ACTA PAEDIATR SC S, V224, P161 Kleitman N., 1963, SLEEP WAKEFULNESS MORGAN K, 1987, SLEEP AGING Okawa MSH, 1987, SLEEP ITS DISORDERS, P269 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1965, AM J PSYCHIAT, V22, P419 ORNITZ EM, 1972, SLEEP MATURING NERVO, P364 OTT H, 1985, METHODS SLEEP RES, P75 PETREQUADENS O, 1972, SLEEP MATURING NERVO, P383 PIAZZA CC, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P488 PRIOR MR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P8, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.8 PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 RICHDALE AL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01048245 Richman N, 1987, SLEEP ITS DISORDERS, P115 SEGAWA M, 1985, SHINKEI KENKYU NO SH, V29, P140 STORES G, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1303, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00951.x TANGUAY PE, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01543468 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF01837898 WAGNER DR, 1991, COMPREHENSIVE NEUROL, P731 Wever RA, 1988, BIOL RHYTHMS MENTAL, P253 WHITE BB, 1987, MED HYPOTHESES, V24, P223, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(87)90068-5 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 Wing L., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI NR 42 TC 109 Z9 112 PU HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS PI KIRKLAND PA PO BOX 2487, KIRKLAND, WA 98083-2487 SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 175 EP 186 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA RZ193 UT WOS:A1995RZ19300004 PM 8846206 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, R AF GOODMAN, R TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NORMAL VARIATION IN IQ AND COMMON CHILDHOOD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY - A CLINICAL-STUDY SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE IQ; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; CONDUCT PROBLEMS; GENDER DIFFERENCES ID CONDUCT DISORDER; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; RATINGS; AUTISM; SCALE AB The relationship between normal variation in IQ and common psychopathology was examined in a sample of 339 5- to 16-year-olds who were seen at a tertiary psychiatric clinic. The mean IQ was 9.6 points lower (95% CI 5.5 to 13.6 points lower) for conduct than for emotional disorders, with mixed disorders in between. For these common disorders, the mean IQ was 6.0 points lower (95% CI 1.6 to 10.3 points lower) for females than males. IQ variation in the normal range was inversely related to a dimensional measure of conduct problem - an association that was not attributable to social class or mediated by scholastic attainments. Other dimensional measures of psychopathology - covering emotional symptoms, developmental immaturity and relationship difficulties - were not significantly correlated with IQ. Limitations of the study are discussed in the paper. RP GOODMAN, R (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 187 EP 196 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA RZ193 UT WOS:A1995RZ19300005 PM 8846207 ER PT J AU RAPIN, I DUNN, M AF RAPIN, I DUNN, M TI THE NEUROLOGY OF AUTISM - MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review DE AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; DYSPHASIA; EPILEPSY; GENETICS; SOCIABILITY; STEREOTYPIES ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TOURETTE SYNDROME; CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; PRAGMATIC DISORDER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BASAL GANGLIA; SPEECH LOSS; INDIVIDUALS AB Autism is a behaviorally defined developmental disorder of the brain almost always presenting in infancy or the preschool years. Its symptoms persist life-long, although partial compensation is possible through targeted special education that addresses children's deficits in sociability, verbal and non-verbal communication, and atypical range of interests, activities, and cognitive skills. Although a majority of autistic individuals are mentally deficient, IQ is not a defining feature and verbal autistic persons of normal intelligence are increasingly being identified, referred to as Asperger syndrome. Meager neuropathologic data have disclosed subtle prenatal cellular limbic and cerebellar abnormalities. Autism is associated with a variety of defined genetic and acquired conditions, with multifactorial genetic traits, alone or interacting with environmental events, presumably responsible for most unexplained cases. Autistic regression is frequent and poorly understood and may be associated with clinical or subclinical epilepsy. 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PD JUL PY 1995 VL 2 IS 3 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1995.tb00110.x PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RN926 UT WOS:A1995RN92600001 PM 24283631 ER PT J AU MCKELVEY, JR LAMBERT, R MOTTRON, L SHEVELL, MI AF MCKELVEY, JR LAMBERT, R MOTTRON, L SHEVELL, MI TI RIGHT-HEMISPHERE DYSFUNCTION IN ASPERGERS SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; COMPONENTS; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE AB Asperger's syndrome has many clinical features in common with acquired right-hemisphere dysfunction and has been postulated to result from a developmental abnormality of the right hemisphere. However, right-hemisphere abnormality has not previously been documented on neuroanatomic or functional imaging in patients with Asperger's syndrome. We report three patients with Asperger's syndrome found to have abnormal right-hemisphere function on single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging. The subjects were two males and one female, ranging from 12 to 16 years of age. All were diagnosed on the basis of the presence of the complete constellation of clinical features previously outlined. All patients were investigated with computed tomographic (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and SPECT scanning. In one subject, CT and MRI revealed enlargement of the right lateral ventricle, reflecting a mild degree of right hemispheric atrophy. CT and MRI studies on the other two subjects were normal. SPECT scanning demonstrated right hemispheric abnormalities in each subject: right temporal hypoperfusion with a central area of increased perfusion along with frontal polar hyperperfusion in one; diffusely decreased right hemispheric uptake in the second; and decreased frontal and occipital uptake in the third. Cerebellar abnormalities were also present: a smaller right hemisphere with increased uptake in the first; decreased uptake in the vermis and right hemisphere in the second; and decreased vermal uptake in the third. These findings support the hypothesis that the neurobiologic basis of Asperger's syndrome is a developmental abnormality of the right cerebral hemisphere. C1 MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV PEDIAT NEUROL,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT NUCL MED,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT NEUROL NEUROSURG,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. MONTREAL NEUROL INST,DIV NEUROL,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. CTR HOSP ST JUSTINE,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. CR Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 COX AD, 1991, ARCH DIS CHILD, V66, P259 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 GREEN J, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P743 MESULAM MM, 1985, PRINCIPLES BEHAVIORA OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x ROSS ED, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P561 ROSS ED, 1979, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V36, P144 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VOELLER KKS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1004 WEINTRAUB S, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P463 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 YIRMIYA N, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02172227 NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON ST, PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 10 IS 4 BP 310 EP 314 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA RH855 UT WOS:A1995RH85500010 PM 7594267 ER PT J AU WOLFF, S MCGUIRE, RJ AF WOLFF, S MCGUIRE, RJ TI SCHIZOID PERSONALITY IN GIRLS - A FOLLOW-UP-STUDY - WHAT ARE THE LINKS WITH ASPERGERS SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE SCHIZOID PERSONALITY IN CHILDHOOD; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER ID DSM-III-R; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ADULT LIFE; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; ADJUSTMENT; PSYCHOSIS; DISORDERS AB Child psychiatric records of 33 girls given a diagnosis of ''schizoid'' personality in childhood, were compared with records of a control group of other referred girls and with those of 32 pairs of ''schizoid'' and control boys. Seventeen ''schizoid'' girls were seen again in adult life and compared with 32 ''schizoid'' boys previously followed up at the same age. The features of ''schizoid'' girls in childhood and adult life were very similar to those of the boys. A striking finding, possible due to referral bias, was the high rate of antisocial conduct in ''schizoid'' girls, both in childhood and later life. The dilemmas of diagnostic classification of this group of patients are discussed. RP WOLFF, S (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,ROYAL EDINBURGH HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,KENNEDY TOWER,MORNINGSIDE PK,EDINBURGH EH10 5HF,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Baltaxe C, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P201 BARON M, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V4, P213, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90024-X BARON M, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1437 BARR CE, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA YOUTH, P52 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 BLEULER M, 1978, SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORD, P434 BROOK SL, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P61 CANTWELL DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02212715 CHICK J, 1978, SCHIZOID PERSONALITY COHEN J, 1968, PSYCHOL BULL, V70, P213, DOI 10.1037/h0026256 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x ELDAR S, 1985, J ADOLESCENCE, V8, P289, DOI 10.1016/S0140-1971(85)80060-9 FOERSTER A, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P171, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.2.171 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GUNDERSON JG, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P896 Heston L. L., 1968, TRANSMISSION SCHIZOP, P363 *HOM OFF, 1989, STAT B KENDLER KS, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V59, P781 KOLVIN I, 1981, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V22, P219, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00548.x LORD C, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P191 Mawhood L., 1991, BIOL RISK FACTORS PS, P233 MCCREADIE RG, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P340, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.3.340 MCLENNAN JD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P217, DOI 10.1007/BF01046216 MOURIDSEN SE, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P387, DOI 10.1007/BF01046227 NAGY J, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P351, DOI 10.1007/BF01531664 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1992, GEN HOUS SURV PARNAS J, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P707 PETTY LK, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P129 RUTTER M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 TANTAM D, 1986, THESIS U LONDON TANTAM D, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P777, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.6.777 Tantam D., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P147, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.005 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF01046103 WATKINS JM, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00759.x WERRY JS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF01046330 *WHO, 1992, ICD10 ICD10 CLASS ME *WHO, 1993, ICD10 ICD10 CLASS ME Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 WOLFF S, 1989, HDB CHILD PSYCHIATRI, P209 WOLFF S, 1992, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V1, P214 Wolff S., 1995, LONERS LIFE PATH UNU WOLFF S, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P620, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.5.620 WOLFF S, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P629, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.5.629 World Health Organisation, 1978, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID NR 54 TC 35 Z9 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 36 IS 5 BP 793 EP 817 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01330.x PG 25 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RG322 UT WOS:A1995RG32200007 PM 7559846 ER PT J AU MOUNTZ, JM TOLBERT, LC LILL, DW KATHOLI, CR LIU, HG AF MOUNTZ, JM TOLBERT, LC LILL, DW KATHOLI, CR LIU, HG TI FUNCTIONAL DEFICITS IN AUTISTIC DISORDER - CHARACTERIZATION BY TECHNETIUM-99M-HMPAO AND SPECT SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; TECHNETIUM-99M-HMPAO; REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW; SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RESONANCE-IMAGING EVIDENCE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; BRAIN; CHILDREN; ADULTS; MR AB Autistic disorder is an early and severe developmental disorder characterized by deficits in verbal and nonverbal language, social skills, cognitive functioning and an abnormal repertoire of behaviors. Current research, however, has failed to identify the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie autism or those cortical brain regions, if any, that are abnormal. Methods: We examined regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in six young, severely autistic patients. High-resolution brain SPECT with Tc-99m-HMPAO was performed while five of the six patients were under general anesthesia. The scans reflected the subjects' rCBF in their usual alert behavioral state, since the tracer was injected at least 15 min prior to anesthesia and is rapidly extracted and fixed in the brain. A computer-automated cortical region of interest (ROI) generator was used to define 12 annular cortical regions (region 1 = left frontal, clockwise to region 12 = right frontal) for count data acquisition. The ratio of average counts in each ROI to whole-slice counts for the autistic patients was compared to age-matched controls using repeated measures (split-plot) ANOVA statistical analysis for three representative brain levels. Results: In the autistic patients, cortical regions 3, 4, and 10 were abnormally low at the cortical level canthomeatal (CM) + 3.5 cm. At level CM + 5.5 cm, regions 3, 4, 5 and 10 were abnormally tow, and at level CM + 7.5 cm, regions 7 and 9 were also abnormally low. These regions correspond to abnormally low rCBF values located predominately in the temporal and parietal lobes, with the left cerebral hemisphere showing greater rCBF abnormalities than the right. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the temporal and parietal lobes have abnormal rCBF in autism. HMPAO brain SPECT in combination with general anesthesia is particularly useful for imaging severely noncompliant patients. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DIV NUCL MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,MED CTR,DEPT BIOSTAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. 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Nucl. Med. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1156 EP 1162 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RG113 UT WOS:A1995RG11300011 PM 7790938 ER PT J AU BERTHIER, ML AF BERTHIER, ML TI HYPOMANIA FOLLOWING BEREAVEMENT IN ASPERGERS SYNDROME - A CASE-STUDY SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Note DE PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BEREAVEMENT ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; MANIA; MIND; COMMUNICATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PSYCHOSIS; VIOLENCE; DEFICITS; EVENTS AB Asperger's syndrome is a subclass of pervasive developmental disorder closely related to childhood autism. Accumulating evidence suggests that individuals with Asperger's syndrome are predisposed to develop comorbid psychopathology during late adolescence or early adulthood. 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PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 222 EP 228 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA RN402 UT WOS:A1995RN40200011 ER PT J AU BOUCHARLAT, R AF BOUCHARLAT, R TI RESEARCH ON MUTISM OF AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO REVUE FRANCAISE DE PSYCHANALYSE LA French DT Article DE THING REPRESENTATION; WORD-REPRESENTATION; SPEECH-REPRESENTATION; SPEECH AS SUBSTANCE; CONTAINER; CONTENT; 3-DIMENSIONALITY; TEMPORALITY AB With reference to four clinical cases, this article attempts to reveal the disturbances in psychic functioning that result in mutism in the autistic child. In the light of Freud's main texts, notably On the conception of aphasias, The interpretation of dreams (chap. 8), On transformations of instincts, especially in anal erotism, and of the recent work of Donald Meltzer Explorations in the world of autism, we are attempting to extract, on the same model as the equation : faeces = gift = baby, the series :word = sound as living substance = faeces, whilst taking as the fundamental axis of the representation of the body, the digestive system and the risks involved in its investment by the autistic child, more specifically his mutism. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0035-2942 J9 REV FR PSYCHANAL JI Rev. Fr. Psychanal. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 861 EP & PG 0 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA RY043 UT WOS:A1995RY04300018 ER PT J AU BELMONTE, M EGAAS, B TOWNSEND, J COURCHESNE, E AF BELMONTE, M EGAAS, B TOWNSEND, J COURCHESNE, E TI NMR INTENSITY OF CORPUS-CALLOSUM DIFFERS WITH AGE BUT NOT WITH DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE CORPUS CALLOSUM; AUTISM; MAGNETIC RESONANCE; MYELIN ID SEX; MR AB NMR signal intensities in five regions of the midsagittal corpus callosum were measured in autism patients and normal controls. An age-related increase in signal was observed in the anterior regions in both groups. No significant differences in intensity were detected between the groups. The finding of normal myelination supports the attribution of callosal narrowing to absence of axons rather than absence of myelin. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT NEUROSCI,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP BELMONTE, M (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,NEUROPSYCHOL RES LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA, USA. CR ALLEN LS, 1991, J NEUROSCI, V11, P933 BYNE W, 1988, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V102, P222, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.102.2.222 CLARKE S, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V280, P213, DOI 10.1002/cne.902800205 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COWELL PE, 1992, DEV BRAIN RES, V66, P187, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(92)90079-C DELACOSTE MC, 1985, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V44, P578, DOI 10.1097/00005072-198511000-00004 EGAAS B, 1995, IN PRESS ARCH NEUROL Gilles F. H., 1983, DEV HUMAN BRAIN GROW LAISSY JP, 1993, AM J NEURORADIOL, V14, P145 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 PANDYA DN, 1971, BRAIN RES, V32, P31, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90153-3 PUJOL J, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P71, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340113 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Valk J., 1989, MAGNETIC RESONANCE M Yakovlev P. I., 1967, REGIONAL DEV BRAIN E, P3 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD JUN 19 PY 1995 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1253 EP 1256 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RG170 UT WOS:A1995RG17000006 PM 7669980 ER PT J AU GRAEBER, L AF GRAEBER, L TI SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE - BREAKING FREE FROM THE WORLD OF AUTISM - WILLIAMS,D SO NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW LA English DT Book Review CR WILLIAMS D, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE B NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU NEW YORK TIMES CO PI NEW YORK PA TIMES SQUARE, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0028-7806 J9 NEW YORK TIMES BK R JI N. Y. Times Book Rev. PD JUN 4 PY 1995 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA RA146 UT WOS:A1995RA14600031 ER PT J AU HARRIS, SR MACKAY, LLJ OSBORN, JA AF HARRIS, SR MACKAY, LLJ OSBORN, JA TI AUTISTIC BEHAVIORS IN OFFSPRING OF MOTHERS ABUSING ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS - A SERIES OF CASE-REPORTS SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; AUTISM; INFANTS ID PRENATAL ALCOHOL; FETAL AB Although autistic-like behaviors were described even in the earliest reports of fetal alcohol syndrome, it was only recently that fetal alcohol syndrome and autism were reported as a dual diagnosis in six school-aged children. The purpose of the present series of case reports is to describe marked autistic characteristics in three much younger children (25-36 months) with histories of prenatal exposure to alcohol and other drugs. The behavioral characteristics of these children are described and compared with current diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder. In addition, longitudinal scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development are provided to underscore the marked developmental delays shown by each of the children. Limitations of these case reports are discussed with suggestions for future prospective research. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,FAC MED,DIV NEUROSCI,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. SUNNY HILL HLTH CTR CHILDREN,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. WORKMENS COMPENSAT BOARD,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. RP HARRIS, SR (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,SCH REHAB SCI,DIV GRAD STUDIES,T325,2211 WESTBROOK MALL,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 2B5,CANADA. CR ABEL EL, 1986, LANCET, V2, P1222 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Chandler LS, 1980, MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT CLARREN SK, 1978, NEW ENGL J MED, V298, P1063, DOI 10.1056/NEJM197805112981906 HARRIS SR, 1993, PHYS THER, V73, P608 JONES KL, 1973, LANCET, V1, P1276 KAPLAN HI, 1988, SYNOPSIS PSYCHIATRY, P556 Lemoine P., 1968, OUEST MED, V21, P476 NANSON JL, 1992, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V16, P558, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01417.x OSBORN JA, 1993, PHYS THER, V43, P599 SCHOPLER E, 1988, J AUTISM DEC DISORD, V10, P91 SCHREIBMAN L, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS57 SOKOL RJ, 1989, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V13, P597, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00384.x WATSON L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P271 1994, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC, P66 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 660 EP 665 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01564.x PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA RE228 UT WOS:A1995RE22800021 PM 7573790 ER PT J AU COOK, EH AF COOK, EH TI THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF AUTISM - BAUMANN,ML, KEMPER,TL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review ID PLATELET SEROTONIN; DISORDER CR BAUMANN ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM COOK EH, 1994, PSYCHIAT RES, V52, P25, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90117-1 COOK EH, 1994, J NEUROCHEM, V63, P465 COOK EH, 1993, LIFE SCI, V52, P2005, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90685-V GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 LESCH KP, 1993, J NEUROCHEM, V60, P2319, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03522.x McDougle C. 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PD JUN PY 1995 VL 152 IS 6 BP 950 EP 951 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RC494 UT WOS:A1995RC49400038 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, MA GHEBREMESKEL, K PHYLACTOS, A AF CRAWFORD, MA GHEBREMESKEL, K PHYLACTOS, A TI THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRETERM INFANTS SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; VISUAL-ACUITY DEVELOPMENT; UMBILICAL ARTERY; CEREBRAL-PALSY; BRAIN; GROWTH; MEMBRANES; RETINA; PLASMA; BIRTH AB Very low birthweight is associated with a high risk of developmental disorders, particularly mental retardation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy and autism, The lower the birthweight, the shorter the gestation and the greater the exposure to oxygen, the greater is the risk of disorder(s). 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J. Clin. Pract. PD JUN PY 1995 SU 80 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RJ535 UT WOS:A1995RJ53500002 ER PT J AU HAPPE, FGE AF HAPPE, FGE TI THE ROLE OF AGE AND VERBAL-ABILITY IN THE THEORY OF MIND TASK-PERFORMANCE OF SUBJECTS WITH AUTISM SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDS THEORY; DECEPTION; REPRESENTATION; PERSPECTIVE; COMPETENCE; KNOWLEDGE; DISORDER; BELIEFS; PEOPLE AB A number of studies have reported that most children with autism fail theory of mind tasks. It is unclear why certain children with autism pass such tests and what might be different about these subjects. In the present study, the role of age and verbal ability in theory of mind task performance was explored. Data were pooled from 70 autistic, 34 mentally handicapped, and 70 normal young subjects, previously tested for a number of different studies. The analysis suggested that children with autism required far higher verbal mental age to pass false belief tasks than did other subjects. While normally developing children had a 50% probability of passing both tasks at the verbal mental age of 4 years, autistic subjects took more than twice as long to reach this probability of success (at the advanced verbal mental age of 9-2). Possible causal relations between verbal ability and the ability to represent mental states are discussed. RP HAPPE, FGE (reprint author), MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,4 TAVITON ST,LONDON WC1H 0BT,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALDWIN DA, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P832, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.5.832 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x Bruner J. S., 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN, P271 CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 FRITH U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGEN SYND FRITH U, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P97, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0133 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R HAPPE F, 1991, THESIS U LONDON HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HARRIS PL, 1988, SEP M DEV SECT BRIT HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 Leslie AM, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P19 Lotter V, 1967, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, V1, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00578950 NUNEZ M, 1990, 4 EUR C DEV PSYCH ST OSWALD DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF02212723 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERNER J, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1228, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00814.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 RIVIERE A, 1988, 4 C NAC AETAPI CAD ROTH D, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P315 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P85 SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Tan J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P163, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000055 TOMASELLO M, 1992, SOCIAL DEV, V1, P68 Tomasello M., 1988, LANG SCI, V10, P69, DOI 10.1016/0388-0001(88)90006-X TUBBS VK, 1966, J MENT DEFIC RES, V10, P230 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 50 TC 456 Z9 468 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 66 IS 3 BP 843 EP 855 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x PG 13 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RA362 UT WOS:A1995RA36200019 PM 7789204 ER PT J AU LOVELAND, KA TUNALIKOTOSKI, B CHEN, R BRELSFORD, KA ORTEGON, J PEARSON, DA AF LOVELAND, KA TUNALIKOTOSKI, B CHEN, R BRELSFORD, KA ORTEGON, J PEARSON, DA TI INTERMODAL PERCEPTION OF AFFECT IN PERSONS WITH AUTISM OR DOWN-SYNDROME SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN; EMOTION; INFANTS; MIND AB Persons with autism (n = 28) or Down syndrome (n = 30) took part in a study of the ability to detect intermodal correspondence between facial and vocal/linguistic information for affect. Participants viewed 24 split-screen images of an individual talking and displaying a different affect on each side of the display (happy, sad, angry, surprised, or neutral). The vocal track, matching one affect (i.e., one side of the split-screen) but not the other, was played from a central speaker. Subjects were asked to point to the side matching the vocal track. The vocal track was desynchronized with both sides, so that rhythmic synchrony was greatly reduced and subjects must use affect to make their choices. In the first control condition, rhythmic synchrony information was restored. In a second control condition, inanimate objects and their sounds were presented. in the experimental condition, when verbal mental age and IQ were taken into account, the autism group performed more poorly than did the Down syndrome group in detecting intermodal correspondence of face and voice. When rhythmic synchrony information was available, both groups' performances improved, with the Down syndrome group performing slightly better than the group with autism. There were no group differences in the condition using inanimate objects. Results suggest that persons with autism may have difficulty detecting intermodal correspondence of facial and vocal/linguistic affect. RP LOVELAND, KA (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HLTH SCI CTR,CTR HUMAN DEV RES,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. CR Baron-Cohen S., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P85 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P144 FEIN D, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P325, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb00518.x FERRARA C, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02408432 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Gibson E. J., 1969, PRINCIPLES PERCEPTUA Gibson J. J., 1979, ECOLOGICAL APPROACH HAVILAND JM, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P97, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.23.1.97 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERMELIN B, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P141 Hobson R. P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P204 Hobson R. 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M., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P174 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 WALKER AS, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P514, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90063-7 WALKERANDREWS AS, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P99, DOI 10.1007/BF02172216 WALKERANDREWS AS, 1986, DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P373, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.22.3.373 WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x NR 30 TC 65 Z9 66 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RL784 UT WOS:A1995RL78400002 ER PT J AU DUGAN, E KAMPS, D LEONARD, B WATKINS, N RHEINBERGER, A STACKHAUS, J AF DUGAN, E KAMPS, D LEONARD, B WATKINS, N RHEINBERGER, A STACKHAUS, J TI EFFECTS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS DURING SOCIAL-STUDIES FOR STUDENTS WITH AUTISM AND 4TH-GRADE PEERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; COOPERATIVE LEARNING; INCLUSION ID NONHANDICAPPED STUDENTS; INDIVIDUALISTIC INSTRUCTION; MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT; RISK STUDENTS; AT-RISK; HANDICAPS; ATTITUDES; CLASSROOM; BEHAVIORS AB We investigated the use of cooperative learning groups as an instructional strategy for integrating 2 students with autism into a fourth-grade social studies class. Baseline consisted of 40 min of teacher-led sessions including lecture, questions and discussion with students, and the use of maps. The intervention condition consisted of 10 min of teacher introduction of new material, followed by cooperative learning groups that included tutoring on key words and facts, a team activity, and a whole class wrap-up and review. An ABAB design showed increases for target students and peers for the number of items gained on weekly pretests and posttests, the percentage of academic engagement during sessions, and durations of student interaction during the intervention. C1 UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. KANSAS PUBL SCH,KANSAS CITY,KS. CR Aronson E., 1978, JIGSAW CLASSROOM Artz A. F., 1990, MATH TEACHER, V83, P448 COSDEN M, 1985, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V52, P103 COSDEN MA, 1992, J BEHAVIORAL ED, V2, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00947137 Delquadri J. C., 1983, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V6, P225 DEVRIES DL, 1978, J RES DEV EDUC, V12, P28 GAYLORDROSS R, 1989, INTEGRATION STRATEGI GELB R, 1988, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V16, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF00913798 GREENWOOD CR, 1991, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V57, P521 Greenwood C. R., 1990, CHILDREN HELPING CHI, P177 GREENWOOD CR, 1989, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V81, P371, DOI 10.1037//0022-0663.81.3.371 GREENWOOD CR, 1988, EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTIO, P505 JENKINS JR, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P311 JOHNSON DW, 1982, J SOC PSYCHOL, V118, P257 JOHNSON D, 1986, LEARNING TOGETHER AL Johnson D., 1975, LEARNING TOGETHER AL Johnson D., 1984, CIRCLES LEARNING JOHNSON DW, 1984, J SOC PSYCHOL, V122, P257 JOHNSON RT, 1985, J RES SCI TEACH, V22, P207, DOI 10.1002/tea.3660220303 KAMPS DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P281, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-281 KOHLER FW, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-307 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS LLOYD JW, 1988, J LEARN DISABIL, V21, P43 MADDEN NA, 1986, COOPERATIVE INTEGRAT MADDEN NA, 1983, REV EDUC RES, V53, P519, DOI 10.3102/00346543053004519 MAHEADY L, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P107 NEIMEYER JA, 1989, OBSERVATIONAL ASSESS NOONAN MJ, 1984, FOCUS EXCEPTIONAL CH, V17, P3 OLYMPIA DE, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P85, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-85 Sailor W., 1989, COMPREHENSIVE LOCAL SCHREIBMAN L, 1988, AUTISM BEVERLY HILLS SHARAN S, 1980, REV EDUC RES, V50, P241, DOI 10.3102/00346543050002241 Shores R. E., 1993, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V1, P27, DOI 10.1177/106342669300100106 SLAVIN RE, 1984, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V50, P434 SLAVIN RE, 1984, ELEM SCHOOL J, V84, P409 Slavin RE, 1990, COOPERATIVE LEARNING SLAVIN RE, 1984, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V76, P813, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.76.5.813 SMITH K, 1982, J SOC PSYCHOL, V116, P227 STAINBACK S, 1989, ED ALL STUDENTS MAIN STAINBACK W, 1981, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V16, P188 TAPP J, 1992, MULTIPLE OPTION OBSE TATEYAMASNIEZEK KM, 1990, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V56, P426 VERNON DS, 1993, SCORES SKILLS SOCIAL NR 43 TC 49 Z9 49 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-175 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA RE403 UT WOS:A1995RE40300005 PM 7601803 ER PT J AU MONTEE, BB MILTENBERGER, RG WITTROCK, D AF MONTEE, BB MILTENBERGER, RG WITTROCK, D TI AN EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS OF FACILITATED COMMUNICATION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; MENTALLY RETARDED ADULTS; CONTROL; COMMUNICATION ID AUTISM; WORDS AB We evaluated the authorship of messages produced through facilitated communication by 7 adults with moderate or severe mental retardation and their facilitators. The clients had been reported to be communicating fluently through facilitated communication. We controlled the facilitators' access to information to be communicated in two evaluation formats, naming pictures and describing activities. In both formats we conducted three conditions: (a) the facilitator and client had access to the same information, (b) the facilitator did not have access to the picture or activity, and (c) the facilitator was given false information about the picture or activity. The results showed that the clients typed the correct answer only when the facilitator had access to the same information, never typed the correct answer when the facilitator had no information or false information, and typed the picture or activity presented to the facilitator when it was different from the one experienced by the client. These results provide unequivocal evidence for facilitator control of typing during facilitated communication. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. CR Biklen D., 1993, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, V2, P10 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANG JAN, P15 BIKLEN D, 1993, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, V2, P2 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BORTHWICK C, 1992, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P81 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 CROSSLEY R, 1993, COMMUNICATING TOGETH, V11, P14 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 DILLON K, 1993, SKEPTICAL INQUIRER, V17, P281 DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 GREEN G, 1993, HARVARD MENTAL HLTH, V10, P4 Green G., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P157 GREEN G, 1993, AAMR NEWS NOTES, V6, P5 GREEN G, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P151 HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V1, P165 JACOBSON JW, 1992, PSYCHOL MENTAL RETAR, V17, P3 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P531, DOI 10.1007/BF01046054 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF01046055 MULICK JA, 1992, SKEPTICAL INQUIRER, V17, P270 PRIOR M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01048237 REGAL RA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF02172232 SIMON EW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P647, DOI 10.1007/BF02172144 Sundberg M L, 1993, Anal Verbal Behav, V11, P99 THOMPSON T, 1993, KENNEDY CTR NEWS, V22, P3 VAZQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF02172234 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-189 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA RE403 UT WOS:A1995RE40300006 PM 7601804 ER PT J AU ADRIEN, JL MARTINEAU, J BARTHELEMY, C AF ADRIEN, JL MARTINEAU, J BARTHELEMY, C TI DISORDERS OF REGULATION OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; COMMUNICATION; RELIABILITY; ABILITIES; DEFICITS; PERFORMANCE; VALIDITY; SCALE AB Infantile autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by disturbances concerning not only the areas of socialization and communication (''aloneness'') but also the ability to modify and change behavior (''need for sameness''). In most recent studies, various abnormal and deviant cognitive activities, such as the ability to regulate one's behavior, were considered as accounting for these signs. In this report, we examined the regulation of cognitive activity, from a developmental perspective in comparing autistic with mentally retarded children matched in a pairwise manner by global, verbal,, and nonverbal developmental ages. All children were tested with tasks adapted from the Object Permanence Test which corresponds to Piaget's sensorimotor development Stages IV to VI. Results showed that autistic children had a pervasive difficulty in maintenance set, made more perseverative errors when the abstraction degree of task was higher, and were more variable in their behavioral strategies. Discussion is focused on the interests and limits of these tasks for the examination of regulation activity from diagnostic and developmental perspectives. Finally, interpretations about recent neuropsychological and neurophysiological works, and additional interdisciplinary studies are suggested. RP ADRIEN, JL (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,INSERM,U316,2 BLVD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ABRAHAMSEN EP, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF02206858 ADRIEN JL, 1983, PERMANENCE OBJET CHE ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01487069 Adrien J L, 1993, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P25 ADRIEN JL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF01048241 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BARTHELEMY C, 1993, ACT PAEDOPSYCHIAT, V56, P261 BRUNEAU N, 1990, BRAIN BEHAVIOR CHILD, P217 BRUNEAU N, 1987, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAP, V17, P201 BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL PREMIERE CASATI I, 1969, ETUDES INTELLIGENCE CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V4, P383 DIAMOND A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P523, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01486.x DIAMOND A, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P868, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00160.x DIAMOND A, 1989, M DEV NEURAL BASES H DIAMOND A, 1983, SOC NEUR ABSTR, V9, P641 DIAMOND A, 1989, EXP BRAIN RES, V74, P24 FREEMAN BJ, 1979, PSYCHOL REP, V44, P519 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 HOBSON RP, 1989, AUTISM NEW PERSPECTI, P8 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LANCY DF, 1982, CHILD DEV, V53, P1233 Lelord G, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P43 MARTINEAU J, 1992, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V82, P60, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(92)90183-I MARTINEAU J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P1190, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90338-Z MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Piaget J., 1977, NAISSANCE INTELLIGEN PIAGET J., 1973, CONSTRUCTION REEL CH Piaget J, 1967, BIOL CONNAISSANCE PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x TANGUAY P, 1976, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS CUR ZILBOVICIUS M, 1992, SOC NEUROSCIENCE OCT NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1007/BF02179287 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RJ010 UT WOS:A1995RJ01000002 PM 7559291 ER PT J AU THORP, DM STAHMER, AC SCHREIBMAN, L AF THORP, DM STAHMER, AC SCHREIBMAN, L TI EFFECTS OF SOCIODRAMATIC PLAY TRAINING ON CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; APPROPRIATE PLAY; SYMBOLIC PLAY; DRAMATIC PLAY; BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOLERS; CHILDHOOD; PARADIGM; SKILLS AB We assessed the effects of teaching sociodramatic play to three children with autism. The training was conducted using a variation of Pivotal Response Training (PRT) a program traditionally used to teach language to children with autism. Measures of play skills, social behavior, and language skills were obtained before treatment, after treatment, and at a follow-up period The correlation between language and pretend play was explored as was the relationship between sociodramatic play and social competence. Positive changes were observed in play, language, and social skills. These changes generalized across toys and settings, although little generalization to other play partners occurred. Effects of play training with children with autism and maintenance of behavior change is discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHOL 0109,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BRETHERTON I, 1989, DEV REV, V9, P383, DOI 10.1016/0273-2297(89)90036-1 BURNS SM, 1979, DEV PSYCHOL, V15, P512, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.15.5.512 CHRISTIE JF, 1985, EARLY CHILD DEV CARE, V19, P43, DOI 10.1080/0300443850190104 CHRISTIE JF, 1983, J EDUC RES, V76, P326 DEMEYER MK, 1967, PSYCHOL REP, V21, P975 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA EASON LJ, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P157, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90016-7 FEIN GG, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1095, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03157.x Forys S. K. S., 1984, SYMBOLIC PLAY, P159 Gardner MF., 1990, EXPRESSIVE 1 WORD PI GOLDSTEIN H, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P265, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-265 HERSEN M, 1976, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Jeffree D, 1974, Spec Educ Forward Trends, V1, P13 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1989, TEACH PIVOTAL BEHAVI LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LOVINGER SL, 1974, PSYCHOLOGY, V11, P313, DOI 10.1002/1520-6807(197407)11:3<313::AID-PITS2310110315>3.0.CO;2-L MOREHEAD D, 1974, LANGUAGE PERSPECTIVE, P153 MUNDY P, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF01487065 OKE NJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02216054 PERLMUTTER JC, 1987, EDUC PSYCHOL, V7, P269, DOI 10.1080/0144341870070402 QUINN JM, 1984, CHILDS PLAY DEV APPL, P63 RENDLESHORT J, 1971, AUTISTIC SYNDROME Rogers S., 1988, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V10, P135 ROSEN CE, 1974, CHILD DEV, V45, P920, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1974.tb00687.x RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1974, PSYCHOL MED, V4, P147 SALTZ E, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P367, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01173.x Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM Smilansky S., 1968, EFFECTS SOCIODRAMATI SMITH PK, 1981, INT J BEHAV DEV, V4, P421 STAHMER AC, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF02178500 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 UNGERER JA, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF01487256 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 Vygotsky L. S., 1966, SOV PSYCHOL, V12, P62 WEBSTER CD, 1980, AUTISM NEW DIRECTION WULFF SB, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531600 NR 41 TC 66 Z9 67 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 265 EP 282 DI 10.1007/BF02179288 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RJ010 UT WOS:A1995RJ01000003 PM 7559292 ER PT J AU TORDJMAN, S ANDERSON, GM MCBRIDE, PA HERTZIG, ME SNOW, ME HALL, LM FERRARI, P COHEN, DJ AF TORDJMAN, S ANDERSON, GM MCBRIDE, PA HERTZIG, ME SNOW, ME HALL, LM FERRARI, P COHEN, DJ TI PLASMA ANDROGENS IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID EARLY-CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; ASSOCIATIONS; HYPOTHESIS; SEROTONIN; PATHOLOGY; PROGRAM AB Plasma levels of testosterone and the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured in male autistic subjects (31 prepubertal, 8 postpubertal), mentally retarded/cognitively impaired subjects (MR 12 prepubertal), and normal control subjects (NC, 10 prepubertal, 11 postpubertal). Mean levels of plasma testosterone were similar in the postpubertal autistic (4.54 +/- 1.12 ng/ml) and postpubertal NC (5.02 +/- 1.87 ng/ml) groups. Plasma DHEA-S levels in postpubertal autistic (2170 +/- 1020 ng/ml) and postpubertal NC (1850 +/- 777 ng/ml) groups also were not significantly different. Similarly, no significant group differences were seen for testosterone or DHEA-S in the prepubertal autistic, MR, or NC individuals, although prepubertal MR individuals with cerebral palsy did have increased plasma DHEA-S levels compared to age-matched MR or NC individuals. Significant negative correlations were found between testosterone and whole blood serotonin (5-HT) levels in the combined (all subjects, all ages) groups and in the autistic group, suggesting that the effect of puberty on whole blood 5-HT may deserve further study. Data indicate that altered secretion of the androgens is not a common feature of autism. However, abnormalities of adrenal androgen secretion may be present in individuals with cerebral palsy. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. UNIV PARIS SUD,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PARIS,FRANCE. CORNELL UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO AHLENIUS S, 1981, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V15, P785, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(81)90023-X American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON GM, 1987, LIFE SCI, V40, P1063, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90568-6 ANDERSON GM, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V600, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16893.x ARCHER J, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V82, P1 BIEGON A, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V600, P427, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16899.x BRAMBILL.F, 1969, DIS NERV SYST, V30, P627 BREGMAN JD, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P463, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00001 DURWEN HF, 1989, NERVENARZT, V60, P370 EICHELMAN B, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P488 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P521 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P634 GILLBERG C, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb01717.x HERMLE L, 1987, NERVENARZT, V58, P644 HOSHINO Y, 1983, JPN J BRAIN RES, V9, P94 HOSHINO Y, 1984, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V26, P937 KLETTER GB, 1993, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V76, P432, DOI 10.1210/jc.76.2.432 KORTHSCHUTZ S, 1976, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V42, P117 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LEBOYER M, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P539, DOI 10.1007/BF02211872 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MEYER DC, 1978, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V103, P1067 ORNITZ EM, 1978, COGNITIVE DEFECTS DE SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SIMERLY RB, 1985, BRAIN RES, V340, P91, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90777-2 Sparrow S., 1985, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE TORDJMAN S, 1992, 5TH WAIPAD WORLD C C Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1007/BF02179290 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RJ010 UT WOS:A1995RJ01000005 PM 7559294 ER PT J AU BROWN, J PRELOCK, PA AF BROWN, J PRELOCK, PA TI THE IMPACT OF REGRESSION ON LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT IN AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID ONSET; AGE C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. UNIV VERMONT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. CR HOSHINO Y, 1987, JAPANESE J CHILD ADO, V26, P201 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 RUTTER M, 1987, LANGUAGE DEV DISORDE SHORT AB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF02211947 SIMONS J, 1987, HIDDEN CHILD Templin M. C., 1957, I CHILD WELFARE MONO, V26 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1007/BF02179291 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RJ010 UT WOS:A1995RJ01000006 PM 7559295 ER PT J AU GHAZIUDDIN, M LEININGER, L TSAI, L AF GHAZIUDDIN, M LEININGER, L TSAI, L TI THOUGHT-DISORDER IN ASPERGER SYNDROME - COMPARISON WITH HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note AB Asperger syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder generally regarded as a variant of autism. While it has been included in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV as a distinct diagnostic entity, it is still unclear to what extent it differs from high-functioning autism (HFA). Persons with HFA have been reported to show a variety of deficits of thought processes. Abnormalities such as poor reality testing, perceptual distortions, and areas of cognitive slippage have been described using the Rorschach inkblot test (Dykens, Volkmar, & Glick, 1991). Since AS has been conceptualized as a mild variant of autism, we hypothesized that persons with AS will have fewer abnormalities on the Rorschach test compared to persons with HFA. To test this hypothesis, we compared 12 subjects with AS (ICD-IO, 10 male, mean age = 12.2 +/- 3.3 years, mean full-scale IQ = 99.6) with 8 subjects with HFA (ICD-10/DMS-III-R, 7 male, mean age = 12.2 +/- 3.8 years, mean full-scale IQ = 83.4) on the Rorschach test. AS subjects demonstrated a trend towards greater levels of disorganized thinking than the HFA group. They were also more likely to be classified as ''Introversive'' suggesting that AS subjects may have more complex inner lives involving elaborate fantasies. Also AS subjects tended to be more focused on their internal experiences. However, overall, the Rorschach test was not found to differentiate the two diagnostic groups on the majority of structural variables. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the diagnostic validity of Asperger syndrome. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 DYKENS E, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02207326 Exner Jr J. E., 1986, RORSCHACH COMPREHENS, V1 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VANKREVE.DA, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P82 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organization, 1993, INT CLASS MENT BEH D NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1007/BF02179292 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RJ010 UT WOS:A1995RJ01000007 PM 7559296 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, B AF SIEGEL, B TI ASSESSING ALLEGATIONS OF SEXUAL MOLESTATION MADE THROUGH FACILITATED COMMUNICATION SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note ID AUTISM RP SIEGEL, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,LANGLEY PORTER PSYCHIAT INST,BOX CAS,401 PARNASSUS AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. CR Biklen D, 1991, DISABILITY HANDICAP, V6, P161, DOI 10.1080/02674649166780231 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 Crossley R., 1980, ANNIES COMING OUT CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 GREEN G, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P151 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165 SZEMPRUCH JU, 1992, 92TA2 DEV DIS SERV O WHEELER DL, 1992, 92TA1 ER DEV DIS SER NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1007/BF02179293 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RJ010 UT WOS:A1995RJ01000008 PM 7559297 ER PT J AU RENZONI, E BELTRAMI, V SESTINI, P POMPELLA, A MENCHETTI, G ZAPPELLA, M AF RENZONI, E BELTRAMI, V SESTINI, P POMPELLA, A MENCHETTI, G ZAPPELLA, M TI ALLERGOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Note C1 UNIV SIENA,INST RESP DIS,SIENA,ITALY. UNITA SANIT LOCALE 7,REG HOSP,DEPT CHILD NEUROL & PSYCHIAT,SIENA,ITALY. UNIV SIENA,INST GEN PATHOL,SIENA,ITALY. RI Pompella, Alfonso/G-6785-2012 OI Pompella, Alfonso/0000-0002-6435-9325 CR BEHRMAN RE, 1987, NELSON TXB PEDIATRIC, P1349 BIDET B, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P419, DOI 10.1007/BF01046232 COLEMAN M, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P219 EGGER J, 1985, LANCET, V1, P540 GOODWIN MS, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P48, DOI 10.1007/BF01537742 HARLEY JP, 1970, PEDIATRICS, V61, P818 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x SWANSON JM, 1980, SCIENCE, V207, P1485, DOI 10.1126/science.7361102 TSALTAS MO, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P91 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P186 WEISS B, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P144, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60913-4 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 327 EP 333 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RJ010 UT WOS:A1995RJ01000009 PM 7559298 ER PT J AU KLIN, A MAYES, LC VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ AF KLIN, A MAYES, LC VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ TI MULTIPLEX DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; AUTISM ID FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD RP KLIN, A (reprint author), YALE UNIV,YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,230 S FRONTAGE RD,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Cicchetti D., 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE COHEN DJ, 1991, CONT CONSTRUCTIONS C, P159 COHEN DJ, 1993, DEV FOLLOW UP CONCEP, P112 COHEN DJ, 1988, TOURETTE SYNDROME CL DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 FISH B, 1968, AM J PSYCHIAT, V124, P1415 GELCERD E, 1958, PSYCHOANAL STUDY CHI, V13, P279 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1994, PSYCHIATR CLIN NORTH, V3, P131 KLIN A, 1994, BASIC HDB CHILD PSYC Mahler M. S., 1968, HUMAN SYMBIOSIS VICI MCKENNA K, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P636, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199406000-00003 PETTI TA, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P327, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199005000-00001 PINE F, 1992, BORDERLINE CHILD, P83 PROVENCE S, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P677 RANK B, 1950, PSYCHOANAL STUDY CHI, P53 RANK B, 1955, EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS E, P491 RESCORLA LA, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P162, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60222-3 RETT A, 1966, WEIN MED WOCHENSCHRI, V118, P723 ROBSON K, 1982, BORDERLINE CHILD RUTTER M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P633, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198909000-00001 Rutter M, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P437 SPARROW SS, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60224-7 TSAI L, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 SU S BP S7 EP S11 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA RG888 UT WOS:A1995RG88800003 PM 7560130 ER PT J AU SMITH, SG GUPTA, KK SMITH, SH AF SMITH, SG GUPTA, KK SMITH, SH TI EFFECTS OF NALTREXONE ON SELF-INJURY, STEREOTYPY, AND SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR OF ADULTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE NALTREXONE; AUTISM; SELF-INJURY; STEREOTYPY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; ENDORPHIN AB We examined the effects of long term administration of naltrexone on the severe self-injury, stereotypy, and social behavior of two women with developmental disabilities. A single-subject withdrawal design was used. Results indicated naltrexone eliminated self-injury and stereotypy, and increased smiling, eye-contact, and touch tolerance duration. Psychophysiological (finger temperature) data indicated that untreated self-injurious behavior induced vasodiolation, and that naltrexone induced a paradoxical, reversal vasoconstriction. However, finger temperature data for touch tolerance showed that the untreated condition was correlated with vasoconstriction, and treatment with naltrexone resulted in vasocdiolation. Additional evaluation of the effects of naltrexone with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) indicated that the scores on the respective ABC subscales changed in the same manner as observations of self-injury, stereotypy, and social behavior. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of self-injury, stereotypy, and reduced social responsiveness in some individuals with developmental disabilities. RP SMITH, SG (reprint author), ELLISVILLE STATE SCH,DEPT PSYCHOL,ELLISVILLE,MS 39437, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1986, ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CH AMAN M G, 1991, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V17, P183 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 Gillberg C., 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, P31 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 Panksepp J., 1985, PSYCHOBIOLOGY ATTACH, P3 RICKETTS RW, 1993, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V5, P17, DOI 10.1007/BF01046595 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 SANDMAN CA, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P899, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90088-6 SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 Sandman C.A., 1990, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V1, P237, DOI 10.1089/cap.1990.1.237 SINGH YN, 1993, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V5, P5, DOI 10.1007/BF01046594 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1007/BF02684958 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA RC967 UT WOS:A1995RC96700005 ER PT J AU BOLTON, P POWELL, J RUTTER, M BUCKLE, V YATES, JRW ISHIKAWABRUSH, Y MONACO, AP AF BOLTON, P POWELL, J RUTTER, M BUCKLE, V YATES, JRW ISHIKAWABRUSH, Y MONACO, AP TI AUTISM, MENTAL-RETARDATION, MULTIPLE EXOSTOSES AND SHORT STATURE IN A FEMALE WITH 46,X,T(X-8)(P22.13-Q22.1) SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY; MENTAL RETARDATION; MULTIPLE EXOSTOSES; X-AUTOSOME TRANSLOCATION AB A young adult female with multiple exostoses, short stature, autism, mental retardation and 46,X,t(X;8)(p22.13;q22.1) is described, Although the clinical features and translocation breakpoints raise the possibility of a number of specific conditions, the constellation of problems is not consistent with any previously reported genetic syndrome, It is argued that her clinical disorder is likely due to the chromosomal abnormality and that further detailed molecular genetic investigation may shed light on the genetic basis to various components of her phenotype including the autism. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEV PSYCHIAT SECT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2AH,ENGLAND. INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT NEUROSCI,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,MRC,HAEMATOL UNIT,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,INST MOLEC MED,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND LABS,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT CLIN GENET,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PATHOL,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. ADDENBROOKES HOSP,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. RI Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Powell, John/G-4412-2011; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Powell, John/0000-0001-6124-439X; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 CR Arena J. F., 1992, American Journal of Human Genetics, V51, pA181 Ballabio A, 1991, Curr Opin Genet Dev, V1, P25, DOI 10.1016/0959-437X(91)80036-L BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x BOYD Y, 1986, CLIN GENET, V29, P108 GEDEON A, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P565, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510454 HUNTER AGW, 1982, CLIN GENET, V21, P321 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 RAO PN, 1994, HUM GENET, V94, P149 Schaefer L., 1992, American Journal of Human Genetics, V51, pA117 SCHAEFER L, 1993, NAT GENET, V4, P272, DOI 10.1038/ng0793-272 TAHVANAINEN E, 1994, NAT GENET, V7, P201, DOI 10.1038/ng0694-201 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0955-8829 J9 PSYCHIATR GENET JI Psychiatr. Genet. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1097/00041444-199522000-00001 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RK765 UT WOS:A1995RK76500001 PM 7551962 ER PT J AU RUHL, D WERNER, K POUSTKA, F AF RUHL, D WERNER, K POUSTKA, F TI THE INTELLIGENCE STRUCTURE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Article DE INTELLIGENCE STRUCTURE; AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS; SUBTEST PROFILES, WISC-R; SUBTEST PROFILES, WAIS-R ID FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; PATTERNS AB The intelligence structure of individuals with autism. In a research project on the genetics of autistic disorders 115 subjects were examined. An autistic disorder was diagnosed in 102 of the subjects using the standardized Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI; Le Couteur et al., 1989/ADI-R; Lord et al., 1994). The WAIS-R or WISC-R could be admistered to 42 of the subjects. The mean full-scale IQ was 84.4, slightly below the range of normal intelligence. The mean verbal IQ (89.3) was considerably higher than the performance IQ (78.9). Analysis of the subtest patterns showed the highest scores to be in those subtests measuring knowledge of dates and facts and visuospatial abilities. The lowest scores were on subtests requiring an understanding of social relations and the ability to understand concrete social actions. This subtest pattern confirms results of other studies on the intelligence of individuals with autism and was independent of gender and level of intelligence. The subtest pattern appears to be specific for autistic disorder; it has been interpreted with reference to the theory of ''weak central coherence'' (Frith, 1989; Shah and Frith, 1993), which postulates that in autistic individuals stimulus perception and processing occurs independently of the general context. The results suggest that the differentiation between different types of autistic disorders should be abandoned in favor of a continuum of autistic disorders with differing degrees of severity. RP RUHL, D (reprint author), UNIV FRANKFURT KLINIKUM,KINDER & JUGENDPSYCHIAT ABT,ZENTRUM PSYCHIAT,DEUTSCHORDENSTR 50,D-60590 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. CR ASARNOW RF, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00210.x BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BORMANNKISCHKEL C, 1981, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V9, P5 DEMYER MK, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P42, DOI 10.1007/BF02104999 Dilling H, 1994, INT KLASSIFIKATION P Dilling H, 1991, INT KLASSIFIKATION P Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x KEHRER HE, 1987, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V15, P315 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x RUHL D, 1991, BEOBACHTUNGS INTERVI RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x SCHMOTZER G, 1991, AUTISMUS DIAGNOSTISC SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SZATMARI P, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x Tewes U., 1991, HAMBURG WECHSLER INT TEWES U, 1983, HAWIK R WAGNER H, 1994, PRAX KINDERPSYCHOL K, V43, P106 WEBER D, 1985, KINDER JUGENDPSYCHIA, V2 WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb01704.x NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-6811 J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QZ095 UT WOS:A1995QZ09500004 PM 7785366 ER PT J AU COPPOLA, R MYSLOBODSKY, M WEINBERGER, DR AF COPPOLA, R MYSLOBODSKY, M WEINBERGER, DR TI MIDLINE ABNORMALITIES AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY - HOW RELIABLE IS THE MIDSAGITTAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE WINDOW INTO THE BRAIN SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MIDSAGITTAL CUT; FRONTAL LOBE ATROPHY; CORPUS CALLOSUM; VERMAL ATROPHY ID HUMAN CORPUS-CALLOSUM; POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES; NORMAL INDIVIDUALS; 4TH VENTRICLE; IMAGING MRI; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; MORPHOLOGY; THICKNESS AB The argument is made that mensuration of midsagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images is plagued with methodological errors due to confusion of the midsagittal MR image and the mesial brain surface. Several examples are given to demonstrate the effects of slice thickness and orientation on the size and shape of mesial structures. The benefits of examining contiguous slices and the necessity of consulting coronal and transaxial cuts in mensuration efforts of midsagittal cuts are emphasized. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,PSYCHOBIOL RES UNIT,IL-69978 RAMAT AVIV,ISRAEL. RP COPPOLA, R (reprint author), NIMH,ST ELIZABETHS HOSP,CTR NEUROSCI,CLIN BRAIN DISORDERS BRANCH,INTRAMURAL RES PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20032, USA. CR ALTMAN NR, 1992, AM J NEURORADIOL, V13, P691 ANDREASEN N, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P136 Bartley A. 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Neuroimaging PD MAY 31 PY 1995 VL 61 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/0925-4927(95)02522-Y PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA RF466 UT WOS:A1995RF46600004 PM 7568567 ER PT J AU GEPNER, B MESTRE, D MASSON, G DESCHONEN, S AF GEPNER, B MESTRE, D MASSON, G DESCHONEN, S TI POSTURAL EFFECTS OF MOTION VISION IN YOUNG AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE POSTURAL REACTIVITY; MOTION VISION; AUTISTIC CHILDREN ID MOVEMENT; INFANTS AB WE present the first assessment of motion vision in childhood autism. Postural reactivity to visually perceived motion was measured in five autistic children and 12 normal controls of the same chronological age. Anteroposterior as well as total body sway occurring on a force platform in response to movements in the visual environment were compared. Autistic children were posturally more unstable than normal children and quite insensitive to visually perceived environmental motion. Some implications of this impairment for sensorimotor and social communication development in infantile autism are discussed. C1 UNIV AIX MARSEILLE 2,IBHOP,CNRS,URA 1166,F-13388 MARSEILLE 13,FRANCE. CNRS,COGNIT NEUROSCI LAB,DEV NEUROCOGNIT UNIT,F-13402 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. RP GEPNER, B (reprint author), CHS VALVERT,SERV PSYCHIAT ENFANT & ADOLESCENT,BVD LIBERATEURS,F-13011 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. RI MASSON, Guillaume/G-4615-2012 CR BUTTERWORTH G, 1978, PERCEPTION, V7, P513, DOI 10.1068/p070513 BUTTERWORTH G, 1977, PERCEPTION, V6, P255 De Gelder B, 1991, EUROPEAN J COGNITIVE, V3, P69, DOI 10.1080/09541449108406220 DELORME A, 1989, PERCEPTION, V18, P667, DOI 10.1068/p180667 GEPNER B, UNPUB Gibson J. J., 1979, ECOLOGICAL APPROACH HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 JOUEN F, 1988, POSTURE GAIT DEV ADA, P13 KOHENRAZ R, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P419, DOI 10.1007/BF01048244 Lee D. 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RI Heyes, Cecilia/F-8262-2014 CR HEYES C, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 25 PY 1995 VL 375 IS 6529 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RA030 UT WOS:A1995RA03000041 ER PT J AU WARREN, RP ODELL, JD WARREN, WL BURGER, RA MACIULIS, A DANIELS, WW TORRES, AR AF WARREN, RP ODELL, JD WARREN, WL BURGER, RA MACIULIS, A DANIELS, WW TORRES, AR TI READING-DISABILITY, ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, AND THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID AUTISM; CHILDREN C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP WARREN, RP (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR PERSONS DISABIL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. CR CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 DEFRIES JC, 1991, READING BRAIN BIOL B, P53 PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P12 SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 WARREN RP, 1994, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V148, P180 WARREN RP, IN PRESS J AM ACAD C WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF01531729 WARREN RP, 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 WOOD FB, 1991, READING BRAIN BIOL B, P1 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 12 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5212 BP 786 EP 787 DI 10.1126/science.7605493 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QX850 UT WOS:A1995QX85000006 PM 7605493 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, VJMC ALCALDE, MCB MARTIN, MAF URIBE, MSG AF LOPEZ, VJMC ALCALDE, MCB MARTIN, MAF URIBE, MSG TI CLINICAL-STUDY OF 4 CASES OF RETT-SYNDROME SO ACTAS LUSO-ESPANOLAS DE NEUROLOGIA PSIQUIATRIA Y CIENCIAS AFINES LA Spanish DT Review DE RETT SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME DIAGNOSIS; RETT-SYNDROME FOLLOW-UP; PSYCHOMOTOR DISORDER; RETTS EEG AND EPILEPSY; STEREOTYPY; CHILD PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL ARTICLE; CHRONOLOGY OF PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA; DAW-SV-WHO; SOCIAL THERAPY INTERVENTION; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; ATYPICAL CASE; AUTISM ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; AUTISM; IMPAIRMENT; MOVEMENT; OPERANT AB Rett Syndrome was first described in 1966 by Andreas Rett. The disorder is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive and motor skills as well as development o stereotyped hand movements, ocurring after an apparently normal development. Authors present three typical cases, and, another one atypical, being all of them female. This study takes into acount ten different areas about chronology, age and reasons in the first consultation, some milestones of psychomotor development, the diagnostic criteria-according to Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group (R.S.D.C.W.G), they consists of necessary, supportive and exclusion criteria-, some signs and symptons that authors consider frecuently associated with Rett syndrome, some diagnostic tests with neurophisiologic technics-E.E.G.-, as well as neuroimagins technics-C.T. and M.R.I.-; routine laboratory studies, development scales and something else, the DAS-SV scale which is usually used to study different handicaps and therapeutic interventions such as: psychosocial, clinical, pharmacological (valproic acid, carbamacepine, clorpromacine, etc.) and institutional. Three tables and 72 bibliographic notes are included. C1 HOSP UNIV VALLADOLID,DEPT PSICOL MED & PSIQUIATRIA,VALLADOLID,SPAIN. CR ANVRET M, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V44, P121 CAMPOSCASTELLO JM, 1989, AN ESP PEDIATR, V28, P286 CIRIGNOTTA F, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P167 COLEMAN M, 1988, J MENT DEFIC RES, V32, P117 ECHENNE B, 1989, ANN PEDIATR-PARIS, V36, P661 ENGERSTROM IW, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V34, P102 ENGERSTROM WI, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P149 FITZGERALD PM, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40, P293 Fontanesi J, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL S, V3, P20 GASSIO R, 1991, Revista Espanola de Pediatria, V47, P509 GILLBERG C, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P127 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 GLAZE DG, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P1053 GORDON K, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P142, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460208 GOUTIERES F, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P183 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P372 HAGBERG B, 1990, Brain and Development, V12, P47 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P277 HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 HOLM VA, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P119 IWATA BA, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P157 Iyama C M, 1993, Adv Pediatr, V40, P217 KERR A, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P61 KERR AM, 1987, BRAIN DEV, V9, P187 KERR AM, 1985, BRIT MED J, V291, P579 KERR AM, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40 Kerr A.M., 1992, BRAIN DEV S, P43 KILLIAN W, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P369 LIEBLUNDELL C, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS31 LIN MY, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P228 LOPEZ VJM, 1994, AN REAL ACADEMIA MED LUGARESI E, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P329 LUGARESI E, 1982, ELECTROENCEPHALOGR S, V35, P317 MOESCHLER JB, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V82, P1 NAIDU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P61 NAIDUS S, 1990, INT PEDIATRICS, V5, P142 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV, V14, P21 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P27 NOMURA Y, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, pS21 OGURO N, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P753 OLDFORS A, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P172, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90007-0 OLIVER C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF01066421 OLSSON B, 1987, BRAIN DEV, V9, P41 OLSSON B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P281 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 OLSSON B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P133 OPITZ JM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P27 PERCY A, 1993, J CHILD NEUROL, V8, P97 PERCY A, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, P91 PERRY A, 1991, AM J MENT RETARDATIO, V3, P275 PIAZZA CC, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P488 Rett A, 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V29, P305 RETT A, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P21 RETT A, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, pS141 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 ROLANDO S, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P290 ROMEO G, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P355 SANSOM D, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P340 SCHAEFFER B, 1977, SIGN LANG STUDIES, V17, P287 Schaeffer B, 1980, TOTAL COMMUNICATION SOUTHALL DP, 1988, ARCH DIS CHILD, V63, P1039 STEWART K B, 1989, Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, V9, P35 The Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 TORO JR, 1992, REHABILITACION, V26, P343 WEHMEYER M, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P95 1992, OMS CIE10 DESCR CLIN 1992, OMS CIE10 CRIT DIAGN OMS CIE10 TABL CONV NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 PU EDITORIAL GARSI PI MADRID PA LONDRES 17, 28028 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0300-5062 J9 ACTAS LUSO-ESP NEUR JI Actas Luso-Esp. Neurol. Psiquiatr. Cienc. Afines PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3 BP 138 EP 155 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA RY078 UT WOS:A1995RY07800006 ER PT J AU MCDOUGLE, CJ KRESCH, LE GOODMAN, WK NAYLOR, ST VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ PRICE, LH AF MCDOUGLE, CJ KRESCH, LE GOODMAN, WK NAYLOR, ST VOLKMAR, FR COHEN, DJ PRICE, LH TI A CASE-CONTROLLED STUDY OF REPETITIVE THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIOR IN ADULTS WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; CLOMIPRAMINE; SEROTONIN; SCALE AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of repetitive thoughts and behavior demonstrated by adults with autistic disorder and compare them with those of age- and sex-matched adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Method: Fifty consecutive patients admitted to the Yale Adult Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Autism) Clinic with a primary diagnosis of autistic disorder (DSM-III-R and DSM-IV) completed the symptom checklist of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Types of current obsessions and compulsions were evaluated. The comparison group consisted of 50 age- and sex-matched adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (without ties) (DSM-III-R and DSM-IV). Results: Direct discriminant function analysis showed that the patients with autistic disorder could be distinguished from those with obsessive-compulsive disorder on the basis of the types of current repetitive thoughts and behavior that they demonstrated. Compared to the obsessive-compulsive group, the autistic patients were significantly less likely to experience thoughts with aggressive, contamination, sexual, religious, symmetry, and somatic content. Repetitive ordering; hoarding; telling or asking (trend); touching, tapping, or rubbing; and self-damaging or self-mutilating behavior occurred significantly more frequently in the autistic patients, whereas cleaning, checking, and counting behavior was less common in the autistic group than in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In addition, a specific subset of seven obsessive-compulsive variables from the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist was identified that reliably predicted membership in the autistic group. Conclusions: These results suggest that the repetitive thoughts and behavior characteristic of autism differ significantly from the obsessive-compulsive symptoms displayed by patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Future studies are warranted to assess the treatment response and neurobiological underpinnings of repetitive thoughts and behavior in patients with autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT. RP MCDOUGLE, CJ (reprint author), CONNECTICUT MENTAL HLTH CTR,ABRAHAM RIBICOFF RES FACIL,CLIN NEUROSCI RES UNIT,34 PK ST,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519, USA. CR ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V28, P193 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 FOA EB, 1979, BEHAV RES THER, V17, P169, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(79)90031-7 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1012 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1006 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 Griner P F, 1981, Ann Intern Med, V94, P557 HODER EL, 1983, DEV BEHAVIORAL PEDIA INSEL TR, 1985, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V20, P1174, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90176-3 INSEL TR, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V18, P741 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LINDLEY P, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V130, P592, DOI 10.1192/bjp.130.6.592 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02216058 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P547, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90011-2 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 PRIOR M, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P154, DOI 10.1007/BF01537990 RAPOPORT JL, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V53, P11 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 TABACHNICK BARBARA G., 1989, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V2d The Clomipramine Collaborative Study Group, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P730 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL NR 25 TC 141 Z9 141 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 152 IS 5 BP 772 EP 777 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QV324 UT WOS:A1995QV32400017 PM 7726318 ER PT J AU BARAK, Y RING, A SULKES, J GABBAY, U ELIZUR, A AF BARAK, Y RING, A SULKES, J GABBAY, U ELIZUR, A TI SEASON OF BIRTH AND AUTISTIC DISORDER IN ISRAEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Note ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; PSYCHOSIS; DISEASE AB Objective: Variations in month of birth were examined in patients with infantile autism to test the hypothesis that birth in a particular month may be a risk factor for this disorder. Method: Data for autistic patients registered with the National League for Autism in Israel (N=188) during the years 1964-1986 were compared with data on monthly distribution of live births in Israel for the corresponding period. Results: After risk ratio estimates were computed for children born with infantile autism for each month, a significant: increase was observed for children born in March and August. This association was true for each year throughout the study. An additional finding was a significantly higher rate of birth of autistic children in the years 1970-1976. Conclusions: This study, although made in a different climatic area than three earlier studies, further emphasizes the earlier findings that March and August births are a risk factor for development of autistic disorder. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER SCH MED,BELINSON MED CTR,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. RP BARAK, Y (reprint author), YAHUDA ABARBANEL MENTAL HLTH CTR,15 KEREN KAYEMET ST,BAT YAM,ISRAEL. 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J. Psychiat. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 152 IS 5 BP 798 EP 800 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QV324 UT WOS:A1995QV32400024 PM 7726324 ER PT J AU MUH, JP HERAULT, J PETIT, E BARTHELEMY, C AF MUH, JP HERAULT, J PETIT, E BARTHELEMY, C TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS AND AUTISM SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHRU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,F-37032 TOURS,FRANCE. CR BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 HERAULT J, 1993, PSYCHIAT RES, V46, P261, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90094-W PETIT E, 1995, IN PRESS J MED GENET NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0001-8244 J9 BEHAV GENET JI Behav. Genet. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology GA QY385 UT WOS:A1995QY38500184 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, B BUFFINGTON, DM OGRADY, MA MCDONALD, ME POULSON, CL HEMMES, NS AF NEWMAN, B BUFFINGTON, DM OGRADY, MA MCDONALD, ME POULSON, CL HEMMES, NS TI SELF-MANAGEMENT OF SCHEDULE FOLLOWING IN 3 TEENAGERS WITH AUTISM SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT PACKAGE; REINFORCEMENT; MAINTENANCE; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; STUDENTS; CHILDREN; SKILLS; ADULTS AB A multiple baseline across students design was used to investigate the effects of a self-management package on schedule following by three teenagers with autism. During baseline conditions, noncontingent reinforcement was provided In the treatment phase, students contingently self-reinforced the verbal identification of transition times. Systematic increases in accurate identification of transitions were observed across all students. Accurate identification of transition time and self-reinforcement were maintained in a one-month follow-up. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,INST CHILD DEV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. CUNY,QUEENS COLL,NEW YORK,NY. CUNY,GRAD CTR,NEW YORK,NY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Brigham T A, 1980, Behav Anal, V3, P25 CATANIA AC, 1975, BEHAVIORISM, V3, P192 CONNIS RT, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P353 COOPER JO, 1987, APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANA DUNLAP G, 1988, GENERALIZATION MAINT GOLDIAMOND I, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-521 GOLDIAMOND I, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P509, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-509 HAYES SC, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P201, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-201 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 KOEGEL RL, 1988, GENERALIZATION MAINT LAGOMARCINO TR, 1989, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V24, P297 LAGOMARCINO TR, 1989, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V24, P139 LOVETT DL, 1989, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V24, P306 Malott R. W., 1989, RULE GOVERNED BEHAV, P269 MOORE SC, 1989, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V24, P324 NINNESS HAC, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P499, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-499 RHODE G, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-171 SCHRELBMAN L, 1988, AUTISM SKINNER BF, 1953, SCI HUMAN BEHAVIOR SOWERS JA, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-119 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 Stokes T. F., 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE, P5 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 WACKER DP, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-329 WACKER DP, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-417 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 J9 BEHAV DISORDERS JI Behav. Disord. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 190 EP 196 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA RZ812 UT WOS:A1995RZ81200004 ER PT J AU BUITELAAR, JK AF BUITELAAR, JK TI ATTACHMENT AND SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL IN AUTISM - HYPOTHESES AND FINDINGS SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ETHOLOGICAL APPROACH; INFANTILE-AUTISM; GAZE BEHAVIOR; MIND; DEFICITS; SYMPTOMS; DELAY AB Autism is characterized by an impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests. This paper summarizes the research into the social abnormalities in autism, and reviews the empirical support for two behavioural hypotheses on autism, i.e. that autism results from impaired attachment, or from intense and prolonged approach-avoidance conflicts. The core social impairment of autistic subjects seems to be a deficit in attunement and timing of actions and reactions rather than a difference in frequencies of behaviours. Attachment behaviour of most, if not all autistic children tends to be disorganized; nevertheless, they do form attachment relationships in terms of preferential proximity seeking or reunion behaviour in the Strange Situation Test. Attachment studies performed so far however have methodological limitations; particularly the study of maternal-infant attunement and reciprocity has been neglected. Empirical evidence fails to support the presence of approach-avoidance conflicts in autistic subjects, and is further at variance with the predicted consequences of such conflicts. Insufficient attention has hitherto been paid to the clinical heterogeneity of autism in behavioural studies. 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E., 1985, INFANT MOTHER ATTACH LANGDELL T, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00468.x LEBUFFE FP, 1979, PRIMARY CARE, V6, P295 LORD C, 1984, APPLIED DEV PSYCHOL Lyons-Ruth K., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P377, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400007586 Mahler MS, 1952, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V7, P286 Main M., 1990, ATTACHMENT PRESCHOOL, P121 MCADOO WG, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P251 MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01531588 Mundy P., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P3 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x OCONNOR N, 1967, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V8, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1967.tb02192.x ORNITZ EM, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF01538999 PEDERSEN J, 1989, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V80, P346, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02991.x RICHER J, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P47 RICHER J, 1976, ANIM BEHAV, V24, P898, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(76)80020-6 RICHER J, 1983, BEHAVIOUR HUMAN INFA, P241 RICHER JM, 1976, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V53, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00074.x ROELOFS JW, 1987, THESIS U UTRECHT NET Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 ROGERS SJ, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P483, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00021 ROSENHALL U, 1988, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V102, P435, DOI 10.1017/S0022215100105286 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1971, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V12, P233, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1971.tb01086.x RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SCHLESINGER HS, 1978, DEAF CHILDREN DEV PE, P157 SCHUOPLER E, 1974, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V4, P193 SHAPIRO T, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P480, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00003 SHIRATAKI S, 1994, 13TH C IACAPAP SAN F SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 Stern D. N., 1977, 1 RELATIONSHIP STRAIN PS, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF01531291 TIEGERMAN E, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF02408553 TINBERGEN EA, 1972, ADV ETHOLOGY, P10 Tinbergen N., 1983, AUTISTIC CHILDREN NE TONICK IJ, 1984, DIS ABSTR INT B, V42, P2608 Tronick E., 1989, CHILD DEV, V59, P85 VANBEEK Y, 1994, BEHAVIOUR, V129, P35, DOI 10.1163/156853994X00343 VANENGELAND H, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P879 VANENGELAND H, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES, V38, P27, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90050-Y VERBATEN MN, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF02206870 VERHULST FC, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P420, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199005000-00014 VICTOR G, 1983, RIDDLE AUTISM PSYCHO Volkmar F., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P41 Volkmar F. R., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000596 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 Waterhouse L, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P1989263 WATERHOUSE L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P53 WILLIAMS S, 1973, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V7, P163, DOI 10.3109/00048677309159740 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WING L, 1976, PSYCHOL MED, V6, P533 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1994, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1980, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 114 TC 29 Z9 30 PU E J BRILL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PD MAY PY 1995 VL 132 BP 319 EP 350 DI 10.1163/156853995X00595 PN 5-6 PG 32 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA RF268 UT WOS:A1995RF26800001 ER PT J AU ROSSI, PG PARMEGGIANI, A BACH, V SANTUCCI, M VISCONTI, P AF ROSSI, PG PARMEGGIANI, A BACH, V SANTUCCI, M VISCONTI, P TI EEG FEATURES AND EPILEPSY IN PATIENTS WITH AUTISM SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; AUTISTIC SYNDROME; AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITION; PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER; EPILEPSY; EEG ABNORMALITY; MENTAL RETARDATION; GENETIC FACTOR ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; PUBERTY AB Epileptic seizures are frequently reported (4-32%) in autism, These values are higher than in the normal population of children and adolescents (0.5%). In the literature there is no uniform description of epilepsy in autism, We examined 106 patients with autistic disorder divided into three groups on the basis of presence or absence of EEG paroxysmal abnormalities (PA) and/or epilepsy including febrile convulsions (FC). Our patients presented an autistic syndrome unrelated to clear congenital or acquired encephalopathy. The prevalence of epilepsy and EEG PA was 23.6% and 18.9%, respectively, Significant differences between the three groups appeared for (i) familial antecedents for epilepsy/PC and neurologic and psychiatric diseases (P < 0.004), (ii) a different proportion between the three groups for mental retardation (P < 0.03), (iii) and EEG fast activity (P < 0.04), Our patients showed several types of epilepsy, including idiopathic forms with seizure onset after the age of 10 in 45% of cases. Seizures were mainly partial, not frequent and controllable by anti-epileptic drugs, PA were mostly focal and multifocal and in 45% of cases were typical of benign childhood partial epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes, The higher incidence of epilepsy and EEG PA is apparently not related to organic pre-, peri- and postnatal antecedents or cerebral lesions, On the contrary, genetic factors responsible for autism and epilepsy seem important in the genesis of these two disorders. C1 UNIV PICARDIE,PHYSIOL & BEHAV ADAPTAT RES UNIT,AMIENS,FRANCE. RP ROSSI, PG (reprint author), UNIV BOLOGNA,INST NEUROL,DEPT CHILD NEUROL & PSYCHIAT,VIA UGO FOSCOLO 7,I-40123 BOLOGNA,ITALY. 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PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00019-8 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RG199 UT WOS:A1995RG19900003 PM 7573755 ER PT J AU HOWLIN, P WING, L GOULD, J AF HOWLIN, P WING, L GOULD, J TI THE RECOGNITION OF AUTISM IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN-SYNDROME - IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION AND SOME SPECULATIONS ABOUT PATHOLOGY SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; DISORDERS AB Although autism can occur in conjunction with a range of other conditions, the association with Down syndrome is generally considered to be relatively rare. Four young boys with Down syndrome are described who were also autistic. All children clearly fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autism required by the ICD-10 or DSM-III-R, but in each case the parents had faced considerable difficulties in obtaining this diagnosis. Instead, the children's problems had been attributed to their cognitive delays, despite the fact that their behaviour and general progress differed from other children with Down syndrome in many important aspects. The implications, for both families and children, of the failure to diagnose autism when it co-occurs with other conditions such as Down syndrome are discussed. Some speculations about possible pathological associations are also presented. C1 CTR SOCIAL & COMMUN DISORDERS,BROMLEY,KENT,ENGLAND. RP HOWLIN, P (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 37 IS 5 BP 406 EP 414 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA RA555 UT WOS:A1995RA55500004 PM 7768340 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, RL MYLES, BS AF SIMPSON, RL MYLES, BS TI FACILITATED COMMUNICATION AND CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES - AN ENIGMA IN SEARCH OF A PERSPECTIVE SO FOCUS ON EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID AUTISM RP SIMPSON, RL (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. CR Biklen D., 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P15 BIKLEN D, 1992, 1992 NAT S CURR ISS Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 Bogdan R., 1991, QUALITATIVE RES ED I CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P18 CROSSLEY R, 1992, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P1 CROSSLEY R, 1988, OCT INT SOC AUGM ALT CROSSLEY R, 1992, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P42 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 Feigl Herbert, 1953, READINGS PHILOS SCI FREED MN, 1991, HDB STATISTICAL PROC FREEMAN BJ, 1993, ADVOCATE, V25, P19 Hanson N. 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R, 1961, LOGIC SCI DISCOVERY PRIOR M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01048237 REGAL RA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF02172232 RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV, V5, P3 RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV, V6, P1 RIMLAND B, 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P2 RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV INT, V6, P7 RIMLAND B, 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P7 SCHOPLER E, 1992, AUTISM SOC N CAROLIN, V8, P6 SIMPSON R, 1992, CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES, P235 SIMPSON RL, 1995, J SPEC EDUC, V28, P424 SIMPSON RL, 1993, DIRECTOR, V8, P6 SIMPSON RL, 1990, CONFERENCING PARENTS SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K Taylor SJ, 1984, INTRO QUALITATIVE RE VASQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369 VOELTZ LM, 1983, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V6, P3 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 1992, ADVOCATE WIN, P19 NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 PU LOVE PUBL CO PI DENVER PA 1777 SOUTH BELLAIRE ST, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0015-511X J9 FOCUS EXCEPT CHILD JI Focus Except. Child PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA RJ068 UT WOS:A1995RJ06800001 ER PT J AU TANTAM, D AF TANTAM, D TI EMPATHY, PERSISTENT AGGRESSION AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY-DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AUTISM; EMOTIONS; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN RP TANTAM, D (reprint author), UNIV WARWICK,PSYCHOL MED SECT,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR BLACKBURN R, 1903, VIOLENCE SOC, P99 Chandler M, 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P227, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000742 EISENBERG N, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P1393, DOI 10.2307/1130814 EISENBERG N, 1993, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V55, P131, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1993.1007 ERDLEY CA, 1993, CHILD DEV, V64, P863, DOI 10.2307/1131223 Feshbach N D, 1978, Prog Exp Pers Res, V8, P1 FESHBACH ND, 1969, DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P102, DOI 10.1037/h0027016 FIELD T, 1982, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V6, P485 Freud S., 1912, STANDARD EDITION, V12, P115 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x Hatfield Elaine, 1994, EMOTIONAL CONTAGION HAY DF, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01132.x Jaspers K, 1963, GENERAL PSYCHOPATHOL KAGAN J, 1958, PSYCHOL REV, V65, P296, DOI 10.1037/h0041313 KREBS D, 1975, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V32, P1134, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.32.6.1134 LEGUIN UK, 1976, WINDS 12 QUARTERS LEVENSON RW, 1992, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V63, P234, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.63.2.234 MAWSON D, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P566, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.5.566 MILLER PA, 1988, PSYCHOL BULL, V103, P324, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.324 OBRIEN D, 1985, 2 KIND HILLSIDE STRA Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES PERRINE RM, 1993, J SOC PERS RELAT, V10, P371, DOI 10.1177/0265407593103005 LEE M, 1988, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V16, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF00913589 Sandler J., 1988, PROJECTION IDENTIFIC SCOTT P, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V1131, P127 SIGMAN MD, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P796, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x TANTAM D, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P111, DOI 10.1007/BF01066422 YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM EC4P 4EE SN 0958-5184 J9 J FORENSIC PSYCHIATR JI J. Forensic Psychiatry PD MAY PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1080/09585189508409873 PG 9 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA RC207 UT WOS:A1995RC20700003 ER PT J AU BAUMGARDNER, TL REISS, AL FREUND, LS ABRAMS, MT AF BAUMGARDNER, TL REISS, AL FREUND, LS ABRAMS, MT TI SPECIFICATION OF THE NEUROBEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPE IN MALES WITH FRAGILE-X SYNDROME SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE X SYNDROME; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PARENT TEACHER RATINGS; VINELAND ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; DSM-III-R; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FEMALE CARRIERS; AUTISM; EXPRESSION; HYPERMETHYLATION; INHERITANCE; GENETICS; MUTATION AB Objective. A controlled clinical study was designed to identify the neurobehavioral profile that is specific to males with fragile X syndrome. Design. Thirty-one males with fragile X syndrome and 30 age and IQ-matched male controls were evaluated with instruments that assess multiple domains of adaptive functioning and problem behaviors. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist were selected for their dimensional scaling of behavioral ratings. Results. Parent and Teacher versions of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist demonstrated a profile of behaviors specific to males with fragile X syndrome characterized by significantly higher levels of hyperactivity, stereotypic movements, and unusual speech. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales revealed no fragile X-specific profile of adaptive skills development. Conclusions. The distinct pattern of aberrant behaviors observed among males with fragile X emphasizes the importance of drawing subtype distinctions within the classification of individuals with mental retardation on the basis of underlying etiology. For clinical research, specifying the fragile X phenotype is a vital part in the effort to elucidate the neurodevelopmental pathways of normal behavior and psychopathology. Understanding the fragile X symptom pattern is essential for designing symptom-specific treatment interventions, as well as for research into the efficacy of interventions strategies. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD. RP BAUMGARDNER, TL (reprint author), KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,BEHAV NEUROGENET & NEUROIMAGING RES CTR,707 N BROADWAY,SUITE 509,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR ABRMS MT, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P317 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 BAUMGARDNER T, 1994, LEARNING DISABILITIES SPECTRUM, P67 BELL MV, 1991, CELL, V64, P861, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90514-Y BLANC DS, 1993, ANN PEDIATR-PARIS, V40, P565 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x COHEN IL, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P498, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380271 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 DYKENS E, 1994, 4TH INT FRAG X C ALB DYKENS E, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02211817 DYKENS EM, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF01066423 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FREUND LS, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P542, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380409 FREUND LS, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P321 FREUND LS, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P435, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90037-S FREUND LS, IN PRESS DEV NEUROPS GILLBERG C, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P201 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KERBY DS, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P455 KNIGHT SJL, 1993, CELL, V74, P127, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90300-F LAIRD CD, 1987, GENETICS, V117, P587 MAES B, 1993, GENET COUNSEL, V4, P245 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1141, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00025 MCCONKIEROSELL A, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, P800 NUSSBAUM RL, 1986, ANNU REV GENET, V20, P109 REICH M, 1988, DICARP DSMIIIR VERSI REISS A L, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P9 REISS AL, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P884 REISS AL, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P35, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430106 REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 REISS AL, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V45, P697 ROUSSEAU F, 1991, J MED GENET, V28, P830, DOI 10.1136/jmg.28.12.830 ROUSSEAU F, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1673, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199112123252401 RUMSEY JM, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU SHERMAN S, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P69 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SOVNER R, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P1055 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SUDHALTER V, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P65, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430110 SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 SUTHERLAND GR, 1991, LANCET, V338, P289, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90426-P THORNDIKE RL, 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING 4T TUCKERMAN E, 1989, CLIN GENET, V36, P25 UCHIDA IA, 1982, AM J HUM GENET, V34, P286 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H WARREN ST, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P681, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300169 YU S, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V50, P968 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 51 TC 145 Z9 145 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 744 EP 752 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QW479 UT WOS:A1995QW47900023 PM 7724315 ER PT J AU MOTTRON, L BELLEVILLE, S AF MOTTRON, L BELLEVILLE, S TI PERSPECTIVE PRODUCTION IN A SAVANT AUTISTIC DRAFTSMAN SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID IDIOT-SAVANT; GRAPHIC ABILITIES; MEMORY; ARTISTS; OBJECT AB This study examines perspective construction in an autistic patient (E.C.) with quasinormal intelligence who exhibits exceptional ability when performing three-dimensional drawings of inanimate objects. Examination of E.C.'s spontaneous graphic productions showed that although his drawings approximate the 'linear perspective' system, the subject does not use vanishing points in his productions. Nevertheless, a formal computational analysis of E.C.'s accuracy in an experimental task showed that he was able to draw objects rotated in three-dimensional space more accurately than over-trained controls. This accuracy was not modified by suppressing graphic cues that permitted the construction of a vanishing point. E.C. was also able to detect a perspective incongruency between an object and a landscape at a level superior to that of control subjects. Since E.C. does not construct vanishing points in his drawings, it is proposed that his production of a precise realistic perspective is reached without the use of explicit or implicit perspective rules. 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Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 639 EP 648 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA RK510 UT WOS:A1995RK51000019 PM 7480443 ER PT J AU ANNEREN, G DAHL, N UDDENFELDT, U JANOLS, LO AF ANNEREN, G DAHL, N UDDENFELDT, U JANOLS, LO TI ASPERGER SYNDROME IN A BOY WITH A BALANCED DE-NOVO TRANSLOCATION - T(17-19)(P13.3-P11) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID AUTISM C1 UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT CHILD & YOUTH PSYCHIAT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP ANNEREN, G (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT CLIN GENET,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 JORDE LB, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360116 VANKREVE.DA, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P82 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 56 IS 3 BP 330 EP 331 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320560325 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QQ367 UT WOS:A1995QQ36700023 PM 7778603 ER PT J AU COMINGS, DE GADE, R MUHLEMAN, D SVERD, J AF COMINGS, DE GADE, R MUHLEMAN, D SVERD, J TI NO ASSOCIATION OF A TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE GENE TETRANUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM IN AUTISM, TOURETTE SYNDROME, OR ADHD SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Note DE TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE; ASSOCIATION; AUTISM; TOURETTE SYNDROME; ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; (ADHD); IMPRINTING ID BIOGENIC-AMINE METABOLISM; MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS; TH C1 SAGAMORE CHILDRENS HOSP,DIX HILLS,NY. RP COMINGS, DE (reprint author), CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,DEPT MED GENET,1500 E DUARTE RD,DUARTE,CA 91010, USA. 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F., 1977, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY BRAI, P15 WOODHOUSE WJ, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P554, DOI 10.1192/bjp.160.4.554 ZAKS AM, 1969, DIS NERV SYST, V30, P89 ZERBI F, 1975, PSYCHIAT CLIN, V8, P236 NR 172 TC 10 Z9 10 PU CLINICAL EEG PI ELM GROVE PA 850 ELM GROVE RD,SUITE 11, ELM GROVE, WI 53122 SN 0009-9155 J9 CLIN ELECTROENCEPHAL JI Clin. Electroencephalogr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 92 EP 101 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Clinical Neurology SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA QR008 UT WOS:A1995QR00800004 PM 7781196 ER PT J AU LOCAL, J WOOTTON, T AF LOCAL, J WOOTTON, T TI INTERACTIONAL AND PHONETIC ASPECTS OF IMMEDIATE ECHOLALIA IN AUTISM - A CASE-STUDY SO CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS LA English DT Article DE ECHOLALIA; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INTERACTION; PROSODY; INTERACTIONAL PHONOLOGY ID CHILDREN; REPETITION; LANGUAGE AB A case study is presented of an autistic boy aged 11 years. The analysis is based on audio-visual recordings made in both his home and school. The focus of the study is on that subset of immediate echolalia that has been referred to as pure echoing. Using an approach informed by conversation analysis and descriptive phonetics, distinctions are drawn between different forms of pure echo. It is argued that one of these forms, what we call 'unusual echoes', has distinctive interactional and phonetic properties which do not have a counterpart in the speech of non-autistic children. These principally consist of a particular segmental and suprasegmental relationship to the prior adult turn, a particular rhythmic timing and a functional opaqueness. This behaviour is set within the context of this child's general communicative behaviour which, in various ways, places a premium on the use of repetition skills. These skills also inform the child's use of repetition in unusual echoes, though here the interactional and phonetic properties of such repetitions suggest that they display a distinct interactional stance to the questions that precede them. C1 UNIV YORK,DEPT SOCIOL,YORK,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP LOCAL, J (reprint author), UNIV YORK,DEPT LANGUAGE & LINGUIST SCI,YORK YO1 5DD,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR Atkinson J. 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Linguist. Phon. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 155 EP 184 DI 10.3109/02699209508985330 PG 30 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA QP633 UT WOS:A1995QP63300004 ER PT J AU CHARMAN, T BARONCOHEN, S AF CHARMAN, T BARONCOHEN, S TI UNDERSTANDING PHOTOS, MODELS, AND BELIEFS - A TEST OF THE MODULARITY THESIS OF THEORY OF MIND SO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CONCEPTUAL DEFICIT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SYMBOLIC PLAY; FALSE BELIEF; AUTISM; REPRESENTATION AB Recent experimental findings suggest that there is a dissociation between the performance by children with autism on False Belief tasks, on which they do poorly, and False Photograph, False Maps, and False Drawing tasks, on which they do well. This may be because only the False Belief task taps the capacity for metarepresentation, at least as defined by Leslie and Thaiss (1992). In an attempt to test the modularity of this capacity further, the performance of participants with autism on DeLoache's (1987, 1991) Model and Photograph tasks (which test understanding of the symbolic function of models and photographs), and on a standard False Belief task, was compared to that of mental handicap controls. The majority of participants from both groups passed the Photograph and Model tasks, and on neither task were there group differences. However, participants with mental handicap were significantly more successful on the False Belief task than those with autism. These results provide further support for the modularity of theory of mind, and the specificity of the metarepresentational deficit in autism. C1 UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPTL PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP CHARMAN, T (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,SUB DEPT CLIN HLTH PSYCHOL,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALDES M, 1994, J GENET PSYCHOL, V155, P210 Baron-Cohen S., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P233 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 Baron-Cohen S, 1994, ORIGINS UNDERSTANDIN, P183 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAHIERS PSYCHOL COGN, V15, P513 Bishop DVM, 1983, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM Blades M, 1994, ADV CHILD DEV BEHAV, V25, P157, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2407(08)60052-X CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x CICCHETTI D, 1984, CHILD DEV, V54, P1 Cohen D. J., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P59 DELOACHE JS, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P736, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01566.x DELOACHE JS, 1987, SCIENCE, V238, P1556, DOI 10.1126/science.2446392 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Fodor Jerry A., 1983, MODULARITY MIND FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R GOPNIK A, 1993, CHILD DEV, V59, P26 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01159.x JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 LEEKAM S, 1994, EYE DIRECTION DETECT LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LELSIE AM, 1994, MAPPING MIND DOMAIN LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1993, COGNITION, P59 LESLIE AM, 1993, UNDERSTANDING MINDS, P59 LEWIS C, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1514, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02879.x LILLARD AS, 1993, CHILD DEV, V64, P348, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02914.x PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1993, UNDERSTANDING MINDS Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES Raven JC., 1956, COLOURED PROGR MATRI RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 ZAITCHIK D, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P41, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90036-J NR 37 TC 33 Z9 34 PU ABLEX PUBL CORP PI NORWOOD PA 355 CHESTNUT ST, NORWOOD, NJ 07648 SN 0885-2014 J9 COGNITIVE DEV JI Cogn. Dev. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90013-6 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA RE811 UT WOS:A1995RE81100006 ER PT J AU FILIPEK, PA AF FILIPEK, PA TI QUANTITATIVE MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING IN AUTISM - THE CEREBELLAR VERMIS SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA AB Two recent magnetic resonance imaging studies, including a retrospective analysis of apparently 'contradictory' data from other investigators, appear to confirm earlier reports of vermal hypoplasia in autism. However, a review of the methodology used in these two studies suggests that definitive conclusions concerning cerebellar vermal pathology in autism are still premature. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,COLL MED,DEPT NEUROL,IRVINE,CA 92717. CR ARIN DM, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V41, P307 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P399 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 ESTES BW, 1961, J CONSULT PSYCHOL, V25, P388, DOI 10.1037/h0043383 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P398 RAZ N, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V149, P412 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 SATTLER JM, 1992, ASSESSMENT CHILDREN, P310 NR 16 TC 46 Z9 47 PU CURRENT SCIENCE PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET STREET,SUITE 750 ATTN:SARAH WHEALEN/SUB MGR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1350-7540 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROL JI Curr. Opin. Neurol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2 BP 134 EP 138 DI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA QV715 UT WOS:A1995QV71500009 PM 7620587 ER PT J AU HAMEURY, L ROUX, S BARTHELEMY, C ADRIEN, JL DESOMBRE, H SAUVAGE, D GARREAU, B LELORD, G AF HAMEURY, L ROUX, S BARTHELEMY, C ADRIEN, JL DESOMBRE, H SAUVAGE, D GARREAU, B LELORD, G TI QUANTIFIED MULTIDIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF AUTISM AND OTHER PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS - APPLICATION FOR BIOCLINICAL RESEARCH SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISTIC DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CLUSTER ANALYSIS ID BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; METABOLITES; VALIDITY; SCALE; FLUID AB A large number of investigation techniques are used to establish the relationships between the clinical and biological data which are necessary for physiopathological analysis in the field of developmental disorders. It therefore seemed necessary to develop a quantified grouping system, based on developmental assessments, which could allow closer matching between clinical evaluations and biological numerical data. Two hundred and two subjects presenting developmental disorders (autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and mental retardation) were examined. For each child, a quantification of autistic behaviour, intellectual impairment, neurological signs and language and communication disorders was performed. A cluster analysis of these quantified data elicited four subgroups according to the scores obtained in these four different areas. We showed the value of this approach by applying it to one of the studies of monoamines routinely examined in childhood autism - dopamine and HVA, its main urinary derivative. Moreover, this method revealed a subgroup within the total population which was independent of nosographic classification and which had a particular clinical and biochemical profile. Other applications could follow, for example in the fields of neurophysiology, cerebral imaging, molecular biology and genetics. RP HAMEURY, L (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,2 BD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 ADRIEN JL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF01048241 ADRIEN JL, 1990, AUTISME ENFANT, P111 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P271 BARTHELEMY C, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF02211876 Brunet O, 1983, DEV PSYCHOL PREMIERE CICHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEFIC, V86, P127 COHEN DJ, 1974, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V31, P845 FERMANIAN J, 1984, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V32, P140 GARREAU B, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P93 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01531587 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO HAMEURY L, 1991, 4TH INV M WHO EUR CH Lelord G., 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P335 LELORD G, 1986, Encephale, V12, P71 MARTINEAU J, 1992, NEUROBIOLOGY INFANTI, P251 MARTINEAU J, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P141 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RUTTER M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P16 SAUVAGE D, 1984, AUTISME NOURRISSON J Wechsler D., 1981, ECHELLE INTELLIGENCE Wing L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 PU HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS PI KIRKLAND PA PO BOX 2487, KIRKLAND, WA 98083-2487 SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD APR PY 1995 VL 4 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA RC567 UT WOS:A1995RC56700007 PM 7796250 ER PT J AU LEWIS, V BOUCHER, J AF LEWIS, V BOUCHER, J TI GENERATIVITY IN THE PLAY OF YOUNG-PEOPLE WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; AMNESIC SYNDROME; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; MIND AB Examines the ability of young people with autism to generate ideas for play. Young people with autism, children with learning difficulties, and younger normal children were asked to generate 12 different actions and follow 12 instructions with a car and a doll. The young people with autism were impaired, relative to the controls, at generating original actions with the car, but were as able as the controls to follow the instructions. However, the young people with autism were not impaired at generating original actions with the doll. All three groups produced similar amounts of symbolic play. Possible explanations for the difference in results for the two toys are discussed. C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT SPEECH SCI,SHEFFIELD,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP LEWIS, V (reprint author), UNIV WARWICK,COVENTRY,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOUCHER J, 1991, P INT S SPECIFIC SPE BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P637, DOI 10.1007/BF02211881 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x BOUCHER J, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V72, P211 BOUCHER J, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P205 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL HARRIS P, 1990, EMERGENCE MIND READI Harris P., 1993, Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 HUTTENLOCHER J, 1978, MINNESOTA S CHILD PS, V1 JARROLD C, 1993, BRIT PSYCHOL SOC DEV JARROLD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF02172127 Leslie A., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Leslie A. M., 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND LEWIS V, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P393 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x REFREW C, 1972, ACTION PICTURE TEST RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 TSAI L, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P700, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60539-2 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1007/BF02178499 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RH479 UT WOS:A1995RH47900002 PM 7559280 ER PT J AU STAHMER, AC AF STAHMER, AC TI TEACHING SYMBOLIC PLAY SKILLS TO CHILDREN WITH AUTISM USING PIVOTAL RESPONSE TRAINING SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PARADIGM; DOWNS AB Used Pivotal Response Training (PRT) to teach 7 children with autism to engage in symbolic play behaviors. Symbolic play, complexity of play behavior, and creativity of play were assessed. In addition, generalization measures were obtained across settings, toys, and play partners. Interaction with the play partners and comparison with typical controls were also examined. Results indicated that children with autism rarely exhibited symbolic play before training or after a control condition. After specific symbolic play training using PRT, all of the children learned to perform complex and creative symbolic play actions at levels similar to that of language-matched typical controls. In most cases the children generalized their play to new toys, environments, and play partners and continued to engage in symbolic play behavior after a 3-month follow-up period. In addition, interaction skills improved after training. Treatment implications for these findings are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ATLAS JA, 1987, PSYCHOL REP, V61, P207 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BEGHLY M, 1989, INT J BEHAV DEV, V12, P257 CLARK P, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P271, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb00514.x COURCHESNE E, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P285 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Fenson L., 1991, TECHNICAL MANUAL MAC GARDNER MF, 1990, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD HERSEN M, 1976, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES HILL PM, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P611, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03087.x JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1989, TEACH PIVOTAL BEHAVI KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P121, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-121 LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 OKE NJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02216054 RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SCHREIBMAN L, 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE, P21 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 THORNDIKE R.L., 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING ST UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x NR 26 TC 98 Z9 99 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 123 EP 141 DI 10.1007/BF02178500 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RH479 UT WOS:A1995RH47900003 PM 7559281 ER PT J AU KOMORI, H MATSUISHI, T YAMADA, S YAMASHITA, Y OHTAKI, E KATO, H AF KOMORI, H MATSUISHI, T YAMADA, S YAMASHITA, Y OHTAKI, E KATO, H TI CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID BIOPTERIN AND BIOGENIC-AMINE METABOLITES DURING ORAL R-THBP THERAPY FOR INFANTILE-AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN AB Treatment with 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (R-THBP) has been suggested to improve autistic behavior. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total biopterin, oxidized and reduced forms of biopterin, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured in 14 autistic children and 18 controls to clarify the mechanism of action of R-THBP. The 14 autistic children received R-THBP orally at 1 mg/kg per day; 7 children showed clinical improvement (responders) and the other 7 patients did not (nonresponders). There were no significant differences between responders, nonresponders, and controls in the CSF levels of the metabolites before R-THBP administration. When lumbar puncture was repeated in 6 autistic children in the 24th week of R-THBP therapy, there was no significant change in the CSF levels of any metabolites. RP KOMORI, H (reprint author), KURUME UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD HLTH,67 ASAHI MACHI,KURUME,FUKUOKA 830,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CURTIUS HC, 1983, LANCET, V1, P657 CURTIUS HC, 1984, ADV NEUROL, P463 ETO I, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01058157 FINK JK, 1989, NEUROLOGY, V39, P1393 FUKUSHIMA T, 1980, ANAL BIOCHEM, V102, P176, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90336-X KAUFMAN S, 1982, PEDIATRICS, V70, P376 KAY AD, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P996 NAGAHATA M, 1992, NEUROBIOLOGY INFANTI, P351 NAGUCHI T, 1987, 1987 REPORT NEW DRUG, P23 NAKANE Y, 1992, NEUROBIOLOGY INFANTI, P337 NARUSE H, 1992, NEUROBIOLOGY INFANTI, P299 SCRIVER CR, 1989, METABOLIC BASIS INHE, P495 TSAI LY, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P83 WATANABE Y, 1992, NEUROBIOLOGY INFANTI, P317 YANO S, 1991, PEDIATR NEUROL, V7, P289, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(91)90047-O YOKOO H, 1991, KURUME MED J, V32, P75 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF02178503 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RH479 UT WOS:A1995RH47900006 PM 7559284 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, R MINNE, C AF GOODMAN, R MINNE, C TI QUESTIONNAIRE SCREENING FOR COMORBID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN CONGENITALLY BLIND-CHILDREN - A PILOT-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST AB Teachers and parents completed the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) on a clinical sample of 17 congenitally blind children. Of the 17 children, 4 had a definite or likely pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) as judged by independent case note review. The ABC was administered both in its original format and in a slightly modified format Only teacher-completed ABCs detected group differences and had satisfactory rest-retest reliability The modified-format ABC completed by teachers detected 3 of the 4 children with PDDs without any false positives. Screening questionnaires may have a limited but useful role in locating subjects with blindness plus putative PDDs for further study. RP GOODMAN, R (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CASS HD, 1994, ARCH DIS CHILD, V70, P192 Chase JB, 1972, RETROLENTAL FIBROPLA CHES S, 1971, PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER DIXON WJ, 1990, BMDP STATISTICAL SOF, V2 EAVES RC, 1993, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V21, P481, DOI 10.1007/BF00916315 Fraiberg S., 1977, INSIGHTS BLIND HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 Jan J. E., 1977, VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CH Keeler W. R., 1958, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY COMM, P64 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x KRUG DA, 1978, ABC AUTISM BEHAVIOR LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 ROGERS SJ, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P598 SEVIN JA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P443 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 WADDEN NPK, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V2, P529 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1007/BF02178504 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RH479 UT WOS:A1995RH47900007 PM 7559285 ER PT J AU CREWS, WD SANDERS, EC HENSLEY, LG JOHNSON, YM BONAVENTURA, S RHODES, RD GARREN, MP AF CREWS, WD SANDERS, EC HENSLEY, LG JOHNSON, YM BONAVENTURA, S RHODES, RD GARREN, MP TI AN EVALUATION OF FACILITATED COMMUNICATION IN A GROUP OF NONVERBAL INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL-RETARDATION SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM C1 CENT VIRGINIA TRAINING CTR,LYNCHBURG,VA 24505. SOUTHSIDE VIRGINIA TRAINING CTR,PETERSBURG,VA. HOLLINS COLL,HOLLINS,VA 24020. CR *AUT SOC AM, 1991, UNPUB FAC COMM Biklen D, 1991, DISABILITY HANDICAP, V6, P161, DOI 10.1080/02674649166780231 BIKLEN D, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANG JAN, P21 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANG JAN, P15 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANG JAN, P23 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANG JAN, P18 CROSSLEY R, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANG MAY, P15 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 DOLCH EW, 1956, ELEM ENGL, V33, P76 HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 MCLEAN J, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANG JAN, P25 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1007/BF02178505 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA RH479 UT WOS:A1995RH47900008 PM 7559286 ER PT J AU FIELD, T AF FIELD, T TI MASSAGE THERAPY FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE INFANT MASSAGE; MASSAGE THERAPY ID PRETERM INFANTS; STIMULATION AB Data are reviewed on the effects of massage therapy on infants and children with various medical conditions. The infants include: premature infants, cocaine-exposed infants, HIV-exposed infants, infants parented by depressed mothers, and full-term infants without medical problems. The childhood conditions include: abuse (sexual and physical), asthma, autism, burns, cancer, developmental delays, dermatitis (psoriasis), diabetes, eating disorders (bulimia), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychiatric problems. Generally, the massage therapy has resulted in lower anxiety and stress hormones and improved clinical course. Having grandparent volunteers and parents give the therapy enhances their own wellness and provides a cost-effective treatment for the children. RP FIELD, T (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,TOUCH RES INST,POB 016820,MIAMI,FL 33101, USA. CR Auckett A. D., 1981, BABY MASSAGE BARNARD KE, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P1156, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00536.x Blass E, 1994, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V59, P1 Brazelton TB, 1973, CLIN DEV MED, V50 FIELD T, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P125, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199201000-00019 FIELD T, 1984, PEDIATRICS, V74, P1012 FIELD TM, 1986, PEDIATRICS, V77, P654 HANSEN R, 1988, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V1, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF01110556 KUHN CM, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V119, P434, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82059-1 MCCLURE VS, 1989, INFANT MASSAGE MELZACK R, 1965, SCIENCE, V150, P971, DOI 10.1126/science.150.3699.971 OLDER J, 1990, ADV TOUCH OTTENBACHER KJ, 1987, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V8, P68 PORGES SW, 1991, DEV EMOTION REGULATI, P111 RAUSCH PB, 1991, DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P69 RICE RD, 1977, DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P69, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.13.1.69 SCAFIDI FA, 1990, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V13, P167, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(90)90029-8 SCHANBERG S, STRESS COPING DEV SCHANBERG SM, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P1431, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03856.x SOLKOFF N, 1975, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V6, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01434430 UVNASMOBERG K, 1987, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V76, P851, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb17254.x WHEEDEN A, 1993, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V14, P318 White J. L., 1976, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V6, P569 NR 23 TC 65 Z9 69 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA QT662 UT WOS:A1995QT66200008 PM 7790516 ER PT J AU STRAIN, PS DANKO, CD KOHLER, F AF STRAIN, PS DANKO, CD KOHLER, F TI ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT AND SOCIAL-INTERACTION DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - AN EXAMINATION OF FREE INTERVENTION EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB Using a series of reversal designs, interventions to improve the active engagement and the peer social skills of five preschool boys with autism were investigated, In contrast to intervention for engagement, peer social skill intervention resulted in a number of ''free effects'' for all the participants. Specifically, children's engagement with peers increased, as did their exposure to nondisabled children when the peer social skill intervention was in effect. C1 ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. RP STRAIN, PS (reprint author), EARLY LEARNING INST,DIV RES TRAINING & EVALUAT,2500 BALDWICK RD 200,PITTSBURGH,PA 15205, USA. CR DURAND VM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P777, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-777 GUESS D, 1974, LANGUAGE PERSPECTIVE, P529 Guralnick MJ, 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH, P93 Kaufman A. S., 1977, CLIN EVALUATION YOUN KOHLER FW, 1991, UNPUB PRESCHOOL SOCI Lovaas O. I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD MASON SA, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-171 MCGEE GG, 1993, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V13, P57 MCGEE GG, 1993, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM, P127 MCWILLIAM RA, 1985, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V5, P59, DOI 10.1016/S0270-4684(85)80006-9 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM STRAIN PS, 1993, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM STRAIN PS, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P291 Tawney J. W., 1984, SINGLE SUBJECT RES S WOLERY M, 1991, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V58, P127 ZIGLER E, 1978, AM PSYCHOL, V33, P789, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.33.9.789 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 1063-4266 J9 J EMOT BEHAV DISORD JI J. Emot. Behav. Disord. PD APR PY 1995 VL 3 IS 2 BP 108 EP 123 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA QV123 UT WOS:A1995QV12300006 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, C SCHAUMANN, H GILLBERG, IC AF GILLBERG, C SCHAUMANN, H GILLBERG, IC TI AUTISM IN IMMIGRANTS - CHILDREN BORN IN SWEDEN TO MOTHERS BORN IN UGANDA SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Note AB Three boys diagnosed as suffering from autistic disorder were born in Sweden to mothers born in Uganda. Two were related but the third boy was unrelated to the others. The prevalence for autistic disorder in Goteborg children born to mothers who were born in Uganda was 15% which is almost zoo times higher than in the general population of children. The possible reason for the high autism rate in this particular ethnic subgroup is discussed. RP GILLBERG, C (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. 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PD APR PY 1995 VL 39 BP 141 EP 144 PN 2 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA QR515 UT WOS:A1995QR51500007 PM 7787384 ER PT J AU PETIT, E HERAULT, J MARTINEAU, J PERROT, A BARTHELEMY, C HAMEURY, L SAUVAGE, D LELORD, G MUH, JP AF PETIT, E HERAULT, J MARTINEAU, J PERROT, A BARTHELEMY, C HAMEURY, L SAUVAGE, D LELORD, G MUH, JP TI ASSOCIATION STUDY WITH 2 MARKERS OF A HUMAN HOMEOGENE IN INFANTILE-AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING GENE EN2; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; BRAIN; BOX; EN-2; ABNORMALITIES; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN; HOMEOBOX; SYMPTOMS AB Epidemiological data and family studies in autism show that there is a genetic susceptibility factor in the aetiology of this syndrome. We carried out an association study in infantile autism. Two markers of the homeogene EN2 involved in cerebellar development were tested in a population of 100 autistic children and in a population of 100 control children. With the MP4 probe showing a PvuII polymorphism, significant differences in the allele frequencies between the two populations were found (chi(2)=7.99, df=1, p<0.01). With the MP5 probe showing an SstI polymorphism, no difference appeared (chi(2)=1.17, not Significant). Several clinical examinations allowed us to characterise the autistic children. Most of them had high scores for autistic behaviour and language disorders but low scores for neurological syndromes. Two children had a significant family history and six children had confirmed syndromes or diseases of genetic origin. Discriminant analysis between clinical and molecular data did not give significant results. 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Med. Genet. PD APR PY 1995 VL 32 IS 4 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1136/jmg.32.4.269 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QU528 UT WOS:A1995QU52800005 PM 7643354 ER PT J AU LAINHART, JE AF LAINHART, JE TI PRESCHOOL ISSUES IN AUTISM - SCHOPLER,E, VANBOURGONDIEN,ME, BRISTOL,MM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP LAINHART, JE (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,PERVAS DEV DISORDERS CLIN,BALTIMORE,MD, USA. CR SCHOPLER E, 1994, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 4 BP 531 EP 532 DI 10.1097/00004583-199504000-00022 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA QP335 UT WOS:A1995QP33500025 ER PT J AU VIG, S JEDRYSEK, E AF VIG, S JEDRYSEK, E TI ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG URBAN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; VINELAND; AUTISM; DEFINITION; ISSUES; SCALES AB Adaptive behavior was investigated for 497 urban preschool children with developmental disabilities (autism, pervasive developmental disorder, language impairment, mental retardation, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive deficit), ranging in age from 15 to 71 months, 38% of whom were in foster care. Disabilities were identified through comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation. Adaptive behavior was assessed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results indicate a strong positive relation between adaptive behavior and intelligence if measured globally. When Vineland domains were assessed separately, this relation varied across domains and disability groups. With intelligence controlled, adaptive behavior patterns differed for disability groups in communication and socialization. RP VIG, S (reprint author), YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,ROSE F KENNEDY CTR,CTR CHILDRENS EVALUAT & REHABIL,BRONX,NY 10461, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ATKINSON L, 1992, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V30, P165, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(92)90028-4 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BLOOM AS, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P273 BORTHWICKDUFFY S, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P541 BRUININKS RH, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P69 CATTELL P, 1960, CATTELL INFANT INTEL DYKENS EM, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF01066423 GRESHAM FM, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P167 GRIFFITHS R, 1970, GRIFFITHS MENTAL DEV Grossman H. J., 1983, CLASSIFICATION MENTA HARRISON PL, 1989, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V27, P301, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(89)90045-9 HORN E, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P11 KAMPHAUS RW, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P27 KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x LOVELAND KA, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P13 Luckasson R., 1992, MENTAL RETARDATION D MACMILLAN DL, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P325 MAYES L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01066420 MCGREW K, 1989, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V18, P64 PAUL R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V4, P858 PERRY A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02212717 RAGGIO DJ, 1990, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V71, P415 Reschly D., 1990, BEST PRACTICES SCH P RESCHLY DJ, 1982, HDB SCH PSYCHOL, P209 RODRIGUE JR, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02284759 SATTLET JM, 1992, ASSESSMENT CHILDREN Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPARROW SS, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60224-7 SPARROW SS, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P89 TERMAN LM, 1973, STANFORDBINET INTELL Thorndike R. L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 WITT JC, 1984, SCH PSYCHOL REV, V13, P478 ZIGLER E, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P215 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0011-7668 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 90 EP 98 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA QR680 UT WOS:A1995QR68000003 PM 7760730 ER PT J AU ZILBOVICIUS, M MURAYAMA, N GARREAU, B LEROYWILLIG, A BARTHELEMY, C SALAMON, G SYROTA, A LELORD, G SAMSON, Y AF ZILBOVICIUS, M MURAYAMA, N GARREAU, B LEROYWILLIG, A BARTHELEMY, C SALAMON, G SYROTA, A LELORD, G SAMSON, Y TI HYPOPLASIA OF VERMAL LOBULES I-V, BUT NOT OF LOBULES VI-VII, IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CR COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 SU 4 BP A162 EP A162 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA QT869 UT WOS:A1995QT86900003 ER PT J AU CHRISTEN, HJ HANEFELD, F AF CHRISTEN, HJ HANEFELD, F TI MALE RETT VARIANT SO NEUROPEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Rett Symposium - Molecular and Neurobiology Aspects of Rett Syndrome CY OCT 01, 1994 CL PORTLAND, OR DE RETT SYNDROME; MALE ID AUTISM; GIRLS AB Seven cases of male Rett-like syndrome have been reported in the literature, so far. Another case of a 7-year-old-boy is presented who shows the phenotype of classical Rett syndrome. C1 UNIV GOTTINGEN,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD NEUROL,D-37075 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. CR COLEMAN M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P31 EEGOLOFSSON O, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P529 GILLBERG C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P545, DOI 10.1007/BF02212857 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG B, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V127, P40 PHILIPPART M, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P33 ROBB SA, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P192, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071290 TOPCU M, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P62 TREVATHAN E, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P125 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 PU HIPPOKRATES VERLAG GMBH PI STITTGART PA PO BOX 30 05 04 RUDIGERSTRASSE 14, 70469 STITTGART, GERMANY SN 0174-304X J9 NEUROPEDIATRICS JI Neuropediatrics PD APR PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 81 EP 82 DI 10.1055/s-2007-979729 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA RE344 UT WOS:A1995RE34400008 PM 7566459 ER PT J AU MINSHEW, NJ GOLDSTEIN, G SIEGEL, DJ AF MINSHEW, NJ GOLDSTEIN, G SIEGEL, DJ TI SPEECH AND LANGUAGE IN HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; ABILITIES; CHILDREN; MIND; MEN AB Verbal individuals with autism provide an important opportunity for investigating the qualitative nature of speech and language impairments in autism. In this study, a psychometric analysis of the language performance of 62 high-functioning autistic (HFA; Full Scale IQ and Verbal IQ > 70) participants was compared with that of 50 control participants matched for age, IQ, gender, race, education, and family socioeconomic distribution. Tests were included to compare basic procedural linguistic skills with complex, interpretive linguistic skills. The HFA participants did as well as controls on basic procedural language tests, but significantly less well on tests of complex interpretive language abilities. This profile is consistent with neuropsychological reports of generalized deficits in complex information-processing abilities with preservation of basic skills in the same functional areas. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PITTSBURGH,PA. HIGHLAND DR VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA. RP MINSHEW, NJ (reprint author), WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN,3811 OHARA ST,IROQUOIS BLDG 208,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. CR Allen D., 1988, LANG COMMUN, P57 AMELI R, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02211878 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V126, P127 BENNETTO L, 1994, 22ND M INT NEUR SOC Benton AL, 1976, MULTILINGUAL APHASIA BOLLER F, 1966, BRAIN, V89, P815, DOI 10.1093/brain/89.4.815 Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x GOLDBERG TE, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF01487258 GOLDSTEIN G, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P671, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402680 Goodglass H, 1972, ASSESSMENT APHASIA R HAMMILL DD, 1985, DTLA 2 DETROIT TESTS Hollingshead A.B., 1957, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF01537624 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 LANDA R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1339 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P774 Minshew N. J., 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P209, DOI DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.7.2.209 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P401 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P261, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402637 MINSHEW NJ, 1988, CURRENT PROBLEMS PED, V18, P563 MINSHEW NJ, 1988, CURR PROBL PEDIATR, V18, P615 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V35, P632, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90721-8 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 Rumsey JM, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P41 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 Scheerer M, 1945, PSYCHOL MONOGR, V58, P1 Schopler E., 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 TALLAL P, 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V23, P527, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(85)90006-5 TYMCHUK AJ, 1977, J MENT DEFIC RES, V21, P133 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WELSH MC, 1987, BRAIN LANG, V32, P76, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(87)90118-0 WHITEHOUSE D, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02409579 *WHO, 1987, IN PRESS INT STAT CL Wiig E., 1985, TEST LANGUAGE COMPET Woodcock R., 1987, WOODCOCK READING MAS NR 52 TC 64 Z9 64 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0894-4105 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGY JI Neuropsychology PD APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1037//0894-4105.9.2.255 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RF681 UT WOS:A1995RF68100014 ER PT J AU FELDMAN, HM KOLMEN, BK BROWN, RE AF FELDMAN, HM KOLMEN, BK BROWN, RE TI THE EFFECT OF NALTREXONE ON COMMUNICATION-SKILLS IN YOUNG-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH, CHILDRENS HOSP PITTSBURG, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A14 EP A14 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200071 ER PT J AU KOKUBUN, M HAISHI, K OKUZUMI, H HOSOBUCHI, T AF KOKUBUN, M HAISHI, K OKUZUMI, H HOSOBUCHI, T TI FACTORS AFFECTING AGE OF WALKING BY CHILDREN WITH MENTAL-RETARDATION SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article AB The relationship between age of walking and two factors of severity of intellectual disability and clinical types (autism, Down syndrome, epilepsy, and ''residual'') in children with mental retardation was investigated. Subjects were 118 children whose disabilities ranged from severe to mild. Measures by clinical type were significant, and the differences of any two clinical types excepts between children with epilepsy and the ''residual'' group were significant, but severity of intellectual disability was not significant. Most children with autism (27 subjects, 93%) walked by the normal time limit of 18 months. Only 3 children (11%) with Down syndrome began to walk within that limit, and 9 of them (33%) walked after 2 years of age. In the ''residual'' group (including children with epilepsy), 37 children (60%) walked within the normal limit but 15 (25%) only after 2 years of age. C1 NAGANO UNIV,NAGANO,JAPAN. TOHOKU UNIV,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. RP KOKUBUN, M (reprint author), KANAZAWA UNIV,FAC EDUC,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,KAKUMA MACHI,KANAZAWA 92011,JAPAN. CR ARIMA M, 1979, JAPANESE HDB MODER A, V16, P187 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 DONOGHUE E C, 1970, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, V12, P781 DONOGHUE EC, 1967, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V9, P64 ENJOJI M, 1977, ENJOJI ANAL DEV SCHE HALLETT M, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P1304 HREIDARSSON SJ, 1983, CLIN PEDIATR, V22, P248, DOI 10.1177/000992288302200402 IKEDA Y, 1983, MED CARE SERIES, V29, P121 KAMINER RK, 1983, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V73, P1094, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.73.9.1094 SEGAWA M, 1991, NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASI, P317 SHAPIRO BK, 1979, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V21, P369 TUMORI M, 1961, MENTAL DEV TEST INFA VILENSKY JA, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P646 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD APR PY 1995 VL 80 IS 2 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA RC315 UT WOS:A1995RC31500037 PM 7675588 ER PT J AU LISBOA, FLF BUTTERFIELD, SA REIF, G MCINTIRE, W AF LISBOA, FLF BUTTERFIELD, SA REIF, G MCINTIRE, W TI ALT-PE BY CHILDREN WITH AUTISM PLACED IN REGULAR, REVERSED MAINSTREAMED, AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL-EDUCATION CLASSES SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article AB Three boys with autism showed acceptable (15 to 25%) academic learning time during 5 consecutive class periods suggesting their participation was suitable in three different kinds of class organization. C1 ESCOLA TECN RIO GRANDE NORTE,RIO GRANDE NORTE,BRAZIL. RP LISBOA, FLF (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,5740 LENGYEL HALL,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. CR MANGUS BD, 1988, PALAESTRA FORUM WIN, P38 MILLER BE, 1985, THESIS OHIO STATE U RINK JE, 1993, TEACHING PHYSICAL ED STEDENTOP D, 1979, AAHPERD C NEW ORLEAN NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD APR PY 1995 VL 80 IS 2 BP 553 EP 554 PG 2 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA RC315 UT WOS:A1995RC31500038 PM 7675589 ER PT J AU DANONBOILEAU, L AF DANONBOILEAU, L TI ABDUCERE-MENTEM-A-SENSIBUS OR CLOSE YOUR EYES AND OPEN YOUR MOUTH SO REVUE FRANCAISE DE PSYCHANALYSE LA French DT Article DE PERCEPTION; REPRESENTATION; LANGUAGE; CHILD; AUTISM AB In the following commentary I shall relate some incidents from the treatment of children who reveal autistic traits without being properly autistic as such. I shall examine how therapeutic action is based on perception to enable symbolisation to come about. The objective is to allow present perceptions to form. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1988, COGNITION, V29, P83, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90011-X DEAJURIAGUERRA J, 1959, PSYCHIATRIE ENFANT DIATKINE R, 1993, PSYCHIATRIE ENFANT, V36 Frith U, 1989, EXPLAINING ENIGMA HAAG G, 1984, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V27, P2 HOCHMAN J, 1990, SOIGNER EDUQUER ENFA HOUZEL D, 1983, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V31, P5 MELHER J, 1991, NAITRE HUMAIN RIBAS D, 1992, ENIGME ENFANTS AUTIS RICHARD F, 1991, REV INTER PSYCHOPATH Tustin F, 1972, AUTISM CHILDHOOD PSY NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0035-2942 J9 REV FR PSYCHANAL JI Rev. Fr. Psychanal. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 2 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA RF367 UT WOS:A1995RF36700006 ER PT J AU PARROTT, JM KAMATH, SK FUJIURA, GT WINNEGA, MA AF PARROTT, JM KAMATH, SK FUJIURA, GT WINNEGA, MA TI DIETARY-INTAKE AND GROWTH-PATTERNS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60612. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A444 EP A444 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98702598 ER PT J AU ROJAHN, J RABOLD, DE SCHNEIDER, F AF ROJAHN, J RABOLD, DE SCHNEIDER, F TI EMOTION SPECIFICITY IN MENTAL-RETARDATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; RECOGNITION; ADULTS; CHILDREN; AUTISM; DISCRIMINATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISABILITIES; PERCEPTION; DEFICITS AB The emotion-specificity hypothesis states that mental retardation is associated with deficits in decoding facially expressed emotions that cannot be fully accounted for by MA. Research has demonstrated repeatedly that subjects with mental retardation do not perform as well on emotion recognition tasks as do control subjects but not whether those performance deficits are specific to affective cues. The emotion-specificity hypothesis was tested further with three groups of 16 subjects: adults with mild to moderate mental retardation, similar age adults without mental retardation, and children without mental retardation matched for mental age (MA). Subjects completed the Facial Discrimination Task, which has two subtasks consisting of 40 monochrome facial photographs, and rated stimuli on scales ranging from happy to sad or from young to old. Results supported the emotion-specificity hypothesis: The retarded group was significantly less accurate on the emotion task than were both control groups. On the age task the retarded adult group and nonretarded child group were less accurate than the adult control group. C1 UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP ROJAHN, J (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,NISONGER CTR,1581 DODD DR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BROSGOLE L, 1986, INT J NEUROSCI, V30, P127 CUTTING J, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1, DOI 10.1192/bjp.139.1.1 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA ERWIN RJ, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES, V42, P231, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(92)90115-J FEINBERG TE, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P276 Grossman H. J., 1977, MANUAL TERMINOLOGY C GUR RC, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES, V42, P241, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(92)90116-K HEIMBERG C, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES, V42, P253, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(92)90117-L HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P434 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOLDER HB, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P170 Luckasson R., 1992, MENTAL RETARDATION D MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MATSON JL, 1983, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V4, P399, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(83)90038-3 MATSON JL, 1991, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI, P468 MCALPINE C, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P543, DOI 10.1177/01454455920164006 MCALPINE C, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P29 MCALPINE C, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P559, DOI 10.1177/01454455920164007 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x Raven J.C., 1960, STANDARD PROGR MATRI ROJAHN J, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P316 SHTASEL DL, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P1022 SIPERSTEIN GN, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P357 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00270.x WARREN VJ, 1991, THESIS OHIO STATE U WINER BJ, 1972, STATISTICAL PRINCIPL NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 99 IS 5 BP 477 EP 486 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA QN303 UT WOS:A1995QN30300003 PM 7779343 ER PT J AU NADEL, J AF NADEL, J TI AUTISM AND ASPERGER SYNDROME - FRITH,U SO ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0003-5033 J9 ANN PSYCHOL JI Annee Psychol. PD MAR PY 1995 IS 1 BP 178 EP 179 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA RB328 UT WOS:A1995RB32800019 ER PT J AU TAGERFLUSBERG, H AF TAGERFLUSBERG, H TI ONCE UPON A RIBBIT - STORIES NARRATED BY AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETARDED-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; LANGUAGE; DISCOURSE; ABILITY; INDIVIDUALS; DEFICITS; INDEX; MIND AB Ten autistic, 10 mentally retarded and 10 normal children, matched on verbal mental age, were asked to narrate a story from a wordless picture book. The narratives were coded on a range of measures tapping the following characteristics: story length and complexity, story structure, referential devices, and affective and social-cognitive narrative enrichment devices. The main findings were that, compared to both control groups, the autistic children produced significantly shorter stories and were less likely to include any causal statements to explain the relationship between events in the stories. For the autistic children, the use of a story schema, referential devices that took account of their listener's needs, and the frequency of enrichment devices were all significantly correlated, suggesting that they reflect the same underlying knowledge. These findings are discussed in relation to the theory of mind hypothesis of autism. RP TAGERFLUSBERG, H (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,100 MORRISSEY BLVD,BOSTON,MA 02125, USA. CR Applebee Arthur N., 1978, CHILDS CONCEPT STORY Astington J. 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J. Dev. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 13 BP 45 EP 59 PN 1 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QN145 UT WOS:A1995QN14500004 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, CA HUSSAIN, S AF KAPLAN, CA HUSSAIN, S TI USE OF DRUGS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT-PSYCHIATRY SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; LA-TOURETTES SYNDROME; DOUBLE-BLIND; PSYCHOTROPIC-DRUGS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; HALOPERIDOL; IMIPRAMINE; PLACEBO; LITHIUM; DEPRESSION AB Background. The prescription of psychotropic drugs for children is a sensitive and highly contentious subject which may explain the apparent lack of uniformity and consistency in clinical practice. Method. This review is based on Medline and manual search of the literature. Results. More than 1000 relevant references were found, and information has been culled from all these. Fifty particularly relevant articles have been selected for the reference list. Conclusion. Recent years have seen considerable research in this field, and a clearer picture of the benefits and limitations of drug use in children is emerging. C1 PRESTON HOSP,N TYNESIDE,ENGLAND. 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J. Psychiatry PD MAR PY 1995 VL 166 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1192/bjp.166.3.291 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QN399 UT WOS:A1995QN39900004 PM 7788118 ER PT J AU ZILBOVICIUS, M GARREAU, B SAMSON, Y BARTHELEMY, C SYROTA, A LELORD, G AF ZILBOVICIUS, M GARREAU, B SAMSON, Y BARTHELEMY, C SYROTA, A LELORD, G TI STUDY OF CHILDHOOD AUTISM USING NEUROFUNCTIONAL IMAGING SO CIRCULATION ET METABOLISME DU CERVEAU LA French DT Article DE AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; SPECT; RCBF; CORTICAL MATURATION ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; SCAN FINDINGS; HUMAN INFANTS; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; MONKEYS; CORTEX AB Childhood autism is an early and severe developmental disorder characterized by deficits in verbal and non-verbal language, and social and cognitive functioning. Little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms that could underlie this disorder. We have investigated the putative brain dysfunction associated with infantile autism by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with SPECT and Xe-133. Three main results were obtained. 1) A transient frontal hypoperfusion was found in two to four years-old autistic children, that corresponds to the pattern of perfusion observed in much younger normal children. By the age of five to seven, autistic children's frontal perfusion attained normal values. Since CBF patterns in children are related to maturational changes in brain function, these results indicate a delayed frontal maturation in childhood autism. Such a delayed frontal maturational process is consistent with clinical data and cognitive performance of autistic children. 2) Autistic children older than 5 years showed no rCBF abnormality when compared to age-matched nonautistic children. 3) At this developmental stage, the rCBF modifications induced by a simple non verbal auditory stimulation were different between autistic and non-autistic children. The simple auditory stimulus induced a significant rCBF increase in the left temporo-occipital cortex in controls. Autistics showed a rCBF increase in the right temporo-occipital cortex. These results suggest a deficit of sensory processing in autism that could be implicated in the deficits of the language acquisition. The results obtained with functional brain imaging are in accordance with the neuropsychological and cognitive deficits observed in autistic children and suggest a postnatal developmental abnormality of the cerebral cortex in autism. 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Metabol. Cerveau PD MAR PY 1995 VL 12 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Neurosciences SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RF363 UT WOS:A1995RF36300004 ER PT J AU APPLETON, RE FRYER, AE AF APPLETON, RE FRYER, AE TI NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND DRUG-TREATMENT OPTIONS SO CNS DRUGS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; INFANTILE SPASMS; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; WEST SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; VIGABATRIN; SEIZURES; EPILEPSY; CORTICOTROPIN; VALPROATE AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is one of the most commonly occurring and recognised neurocutaneous syndromes, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 30 000 and a birth incidence of 1 in 10 000. It is a multi-system disorder affecting predominantly the CNS and skin. The underlying genetic defect and pathophysiology in TSC is unclear, but is thought to involve an impairment of normal cell migration resulting in dysplastic and dysfunctional organ systems. Involvement of the CNS is responsible for much of the mortality and morbidity that is associated with TSC. Epilepsy and learning difficulties (mental retardation) are the most frequent CNS manifestations. This combination of symptoms are reflected in the historical alternative, but inappropriately pejorative, name 'epiloia', a conjoint description of epilepsy and anoia (meaning 'mindlessness'). The state of knowledge, understanding and, to a lesser extent, treatment of TSC has progressed significantly in the 100 years since the initial description of the condition. Unfortunately, TSC is largely nonpreventable and patients with the disorder cannot be cured. Attention has therefore focused on the attempted suppression or control of symptoms, usually by pharmacotherapy and educational/psychological support and rarely by surgical procedures. These approaches have had varying success. Epilepsy is the most common and, in many ways, the most frustrating neurological symptom. Seizure control is frequently difficult and occasionally impossible, but has benefited from the advent of the new antiepileptic drugs including vigabatrin and lamotrigine. Learning disabilities, autism and other neuropsychiatric manifestations of TSC are generally not amenable to drug therapy and are reliant more on specific educational and behavioural manipulation. Disturbed sleep is common in children with TSC, and for their caregivers this is often the most distressing and medically neglected manifestation of the disease. The use of melatonin in treating dysfunctional sleep has offered some real hope for this specific neurological symptom of TSC. RP APPLETON, RE (reprint author), ROYAL LIVERPOOL CHILDRENS HOSP ALDER HEY,ROALD DAHL EEG UNIT,LIVERPOOL L12 2AP,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. 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Rev. Psych. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.3109/09540269509022974 PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RZ805 UT WOS:A1995RZ80500005 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, BA HARRIS, SL AF TAYLOR, BA HARRIS, SL TI TEACHING-CHILDREN WITH AUTISM TO SEEK INFORMATION - ACQUISITION OF NOVEL INFORMATION AND GENERALIZATION OF RESPONDING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; TIME DELAY; SOCIAL LANGUAGE ID TIME-DELAY; CURIOSITY AB A time delay procedure was used to teach 3 children with autism co ask the question ''What's that?'' when novel stimuli were presented during an instructional task. Once the ability to ask the question was acquired, the children's ability to learn novel information by asking the question was assessed. The children were then taught to ask the question within a less structured context. Ail three studies used a multiple baseline across participants. Generalization was assessed in a different room, to a new person, and to novel stimuli. 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M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA HARRIS SL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P297, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-297 HENDERSON B, 1980, CHILD DEV, V51, P457 HUNG DW, 1977, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V8, P237, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(77)90061-1 KRANTZ PJ, 1981, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V1, P259, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(81)90003-3 KREITLER S, 1975, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V13, P185, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(75)90002-3 WILCOX MJ, 1978, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V21, P220 MATSON JL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-227 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 SECAN KE, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P181, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-181 TWARDOSZ S, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P655, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-655 ZIMMERMA.BJ, 1972, CHILD DEV, V43, P892, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1972.tb02043.x NR 18 TC 56 Z9 56 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-3 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA QJ660 UT WOS:A1995QJ66000001 PM 7706148 ER PT J AU TUSTIN, RD AF TUSTIN, RD TI THE EFFECTS OF ADVANCE NOTICE OF ACTIVITY TRANSITIONS ON STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY TRANSITIONS; ADVANCE NOTICE; AUTISM AB Using an A-B-A-B design, two procedures for requesting a change of activity were compared for their effect on the stereotypic behavior of a man with autism. One procedure requested immediate change of activities, whereas the second procedure gave advance notice of a change. Less stereotypy occurred when advance notice of change was given. CR FLANNERY KB, IN PRESS J BEHAVIORA VOLKMAR FR, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AUTI, P171 NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-91 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA QJ660 UT WOS:A1995QJ66000013 PM 16795856 ER PT J AU PETERSON, CC SIEGAL, M AF PETERSON, CC SIEGAL, M TI DEAFNESS, CONVERSATION AND THEORY OF MIND SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE DEAFNESS; AUTISM; THEORY OF MIND; BELIEFS ID AUTISTIC CHILDS THEORY; COMMUNICATION; KNOWLEDGE; STATES; REPRESENTATION; DEFICITS; BELIEFS; TALK AB The child's developing theory of the mind as an interconnected network of beliefs, desires and feelings that govern behaviour provides a cornerstone for social and intellectual life. Recent research has suggested that autistic children have difficulty acquiring such a theory. Although it is speculated that a specific neurological deficit may be responsible for autistic children's difficulties on false belief tasks devised to test a theory of mind, these may also be due to a lack of exposure to conversation about mental states. In this study we explored the development of a theory of mind in a group of 26 signing, prelingually-deaf Australian children of normal intelligence, aged 8-13 years. Results revealed that 65% of these deaf children failed a simple test of false belief which normal preschoolers, mentally retarded children, and other handicapped groups-apart from children with autism-routinely pass at a mental age of 4-5 years. No significant difference emerged between deaf children's performance and that of autistic children tested on the same task in previous research. We discuss the results in terms of a conversational account of the development of a theory of mind in deaf children, and the extent to which this account is applicable to children with autism. RP PETERSON, CC (reprint author), UNIV QUEENSLAND,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. CR ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Baron-Cohen S., 1992, PSYCHOLOGIST, V5, P9 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOUCHER J, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P181 BROWN JR, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P237 Butterworth G., 1991, PERSPECTIVES CHILDS *CLARK SCH DEAF, 1953, 86TH ANN REP DUNN J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P1352, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01610.x EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 FRITH U, 1992, PSYCHOLOGIST, V3, P13 Grice H. P., 1975, SYNTAX SEMANTICS, P41, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0022226700005296 Harris D. B., 1963, CHILDRENS DRAWINGS M Harris M., 1992, LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LENNEBERG E, 1967, BIOL F LANGUAGE LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 Marschark M., 1993, PSYCHOL DEV DEAF CHI MEADOW K, 1975, REV CHILD DEV RES, V5 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES Peterson C. C., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE PETERSON CC, 1990, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V11, P267, DOI 10.1016/0193-3973(90)90010-H POWER D, 1990, CROSS CULTURAL COMMU POWER DJ, 1990, AM ANN DEAF, V135, P9 Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x PRIOR MR, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 Raven J., 1989, MANUAL RAVENS PROGR REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 ROTH D, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P315 SIDDENS F, 1990, 1990 EUR C DEV PSYCH SIEGAL M, 1988, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V45, P438, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(88)90041-0 SIEGAL M, 1991, COGNITION, V38, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90020-5 Siegal M., 1991, KNOWING CHILDREN EXP TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03604.x THATCHER RW, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P24, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90060-Y Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND WELLMAN HM, 1988, COGNITION, V31, P239 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 Wood D., 1986, TEACHING TALKING DEA NR 48 TC 170 Z9 176 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 3 BP 459 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01303.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA QL640 UT WOS:A1995QL64000009 PM 7782409 ER PT J AU SERRA, M MINDERAA, RB VANGEERT, PLC JACKSON, AE ALTHAUS, M TIL, R AF SERRA, M MINDERAA, RB VANGEERT, PLC JACKSON, AE ALTHAUS, M TIL, R TI EMOTIONAL ROLE-TAKING ABILITIES OF CHILDREN WITH A PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE PDDNOS; EMOTIONAL ROLE-TAKING; SOCIAL COGNITION ID AUTISM; DEFICITS; EXPRESSIONS; APPRAISAL; DELAY; MIND AB Seven to 12-year-old children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDDNOS) were compared with normal, healthy children of the same age and sex on three different emotional role-taking tasks. In these tasks, children had to use person-specific information to make an inference about another child's emotional reaction and behaviour, Significant differences were found between the PDDNOS group and control group: PDDNOS children performed worse on all three role-taking tasks. However, the differences on one of these tasks could be completely explained by intelligence differences between the two groups. On the other tasks, differences could not or be partially explained by intelligence differences. The results of this study led to the formulation of a more specific hypothesis, namely that PDDNOS children might have problems interpreting social information when affectively charged background information has to be used. C1 UNIV GRONINGEN,DEPT DEV PSYCHOL,GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP SERRA, M (reprint author), UNIV GRONINGEN,CTR CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT GRONINGEN,OOSTERSINGEL 59,POSTBUS 30 001,9700 GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BORKE H, 1971, DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P263, DOI 10.1037/h0031267 BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 CAPPS L, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1169, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x Cohen D. J., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P20 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 DEMOREST AP, 1992, SOC COGNITION, V10, P211, DOI 10.1521/soco.1992.10.2.211 Dodge K., 1985, CHILDRENS PEER RELAT, P3 Flavell John H., 1974, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P66 GILLBERG C, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00116.x GILLBERG C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813 GNEPP J, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P743, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03232.x GNEPP J, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1455, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00211.x GNEPP J, 1983, DEV PSYCHOL, V19, P805, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.19.6.805 GNEPP J, 1983, CHILDRENS UNDERSTAND, P151 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Kohlberg L., 1964, REV CHILD DEV RES, V1 KOOPW S, 1988, OVERZICHT EMPIRISCHE, P123 Livesley W. J., 1973, PERSON PERCEPTION CH Miller S. A., 1985, COGNITIVE DEV MINDERAA RB, 1992, KINDER JEUGDPSYCHIAT, P380 Minderaa R B, 1989, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, V133, P222 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x SCHANTZ C, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL CO, V3 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Selman R. L., 1980, GROWTH INTERPERSONAL TURIEL E, 1975, MORAL DEV CURRENT TH Verhulst F., 1990, PRAKTISCHE HANDLEIDI VOLKMAR FR, 1991, PSYCHIATRY, P1 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V21, P103 Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 YIMIRA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 3 BP 475 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01304.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA QL640 UT WOS:A1995QL64000010 PM 7782410 ER PT J AU KARMILOFFSMITH, A KLIMA, E BELLUGI, U GRANT, J BARONCOHEN, S AF KARMILOFFSMITH, A KLIMA, E BELLUGI, U GRANT, J BARONCOHEN, S TI THERE A SOCIAL MODULE - LANGUAGE, FACE PROCESSING, AND THEORY OF MIND IN INDIVIDUALS WITH WILLIAMS-SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID IDIOPATHIC INFANTILE HYPERCALCEMIA; AUTISTIC CHILDS THEORY; ELFIN FACIES SYNDROME; REPRESENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; DISORDERS; DEFICIT; BELIEFS AB Many species can respond to the behavior of their conspecifics. Human children, and perhaps some nonhuman primates, also have the capacity to respond to the mental states of their conspecifics, i.e., they have a ''theory of mind.'' On the basis of previous research on the theory-of-mind impairment in people with autism, together with animal models of intentionality, Brothers and Ring (1992) postulated a broad cognitive module whose function is to build representations of other individuals. We evaluate the details of this hypothesis through a series of experiments on language, face processing, and theory of mind carried out with subjects with Williams syndrome, a rare ge genetic neurodevelopmental disorder resulting in an uneven linguisticocognitive profile. The results are discussed in terms of how the comparison of different phenotypes (e.g., Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, autism, and hydrocephaly with associated myelomeningocele) can contribute both to understanding the neuropsychology of social cognition and to current thinking about the purported modularity of the brain. C1 SALK INST, SAN DIEGO, CA 92186 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92103 USA. SALK INST BIOL STUDIES, SAN DIEGO, CA USA. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND. RP KARMILOFFSMITH, A (reprint author), MRC, COGNIT DEV UNIT, 4 TAVITON ST, LONDON WC1H 0BT, ENGLAND. RI Karmiloff-Smith, Annette/N-4535-2014 OI Karmiloff-Smith, Annette/0000-0002-2470-5609 CR ARNOLD R, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P49 Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND AUGUST GJ, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF02212725 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS MANUAL DEV BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, ORIGINS UNDERSTANDIN BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS BRIT J EXPT BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 BELLUGI U, GENETIC COUNSELING, V2 BELLUGI U, 1992, S ORGANIZERS 2 GENET Bellugi U., 1988, LANGUAGE DEV EXCEPTI, P177 BELLUGI U, 1992, MINN SYM CHILD PSYCH, V24, P201 BELLUGI U, 1988, P273 Bellugi U, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P115 Bellugi U., 1994, COGNITIVE DEFICITS D, P23 BEUREN AJ, 1964, AM J CARDIOL, V13, P471, DOI 10.1016/0002-9149(64)90154-7 BEUREN A J, 1972, Birth Defects Original Article Series, V8, P45 BIHRLE AM, 1989, BRAIN COGNITION, V11, P37, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90003-1 Bishop DVM, 1983, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BROTHERS L, 1992, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V4, P107, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1992.4.2.107 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 CREERY RDG, 1953, LANCET, V2, P17 CRISCO JJ, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P650 CROMER RF, 1992, CONSTRAINTS LANGUAGE CULLER FL, 1985, J PEDIATR-US, V107, P720, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80399-1 Dennett DC, 1971, J PHILOS, V67, P87, DOI DOI 10.2307/2025382 DUNN IM, 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL ELMAN JL, 1994, RETHINKING INNATENES ESLINGER PJ, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1731 EWART AK, 1993, NAT GENET, V5, P11, DOI 10.1038/ng0993-11 FANCONI G, 1952, Helv Paediatr Acta, V7, P314 Fodor Jerry A., 1983, MODULARITY MIND Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GALABURDA AM, 1994, NEUROREPORT, V5, P753, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199403000-00004 GREEN JE, 1990, AIDS RES HUM RETROV, V6, P85 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Happe FGE, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P207, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.007 JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P529 JERNIGAN TL, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P35 JERNIGAN TL, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P186 Johnson Mark H., 1991, BIOL COGNITIVE DEV C JOHNSON MH, 1992, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V10, P35, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(92)90046-3 JONES KL, 1975, J PEDIATR-US, V86, P718, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80356-8 Kandel E. R., 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1992, LINGUISTIC COGNITIVE Karmiloff-Smith A., 1992, MODULARITY DEV PERSP KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1994, COMPANION PHILOS MIN KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1986, COGNITION, V23, P95, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(86)90040-5 KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1993, BIENNIAL M SOC RES C KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1992, BRAIN DEV COGNITION KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1992, TRPDPCNS927 CARN U T KATARIA S, 1984, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V5, P419, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(84)80035-1 KUHL PK, 1991, PLASTICITY DEV LEEKAM S, 1993, 1993 BRIT PSYCH SOC Leekam Susan, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P159 LEINER HC, 1989, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V103, P998, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.103.5.998 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LIGHTWOOD R, 1952, P ROY SOC MED, V45, P401 MARRIAGE J, 1994, 6TH C BUILD BRIDG DI McKusick V., 1988, MENDELIAN INHERITANC MERVIS C, 1994, 6TH C BUILD BRIDG DI MILLS DM, 1993, HUMAN BEHAVIOR DEV B MORRIS CA, 1991, P GREENWOOD GENET CT, V10, P81 MORRIS CA, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V113, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80272-5 MURPHY MB, 1991, J MED GENETICS S, V6, P97 Neville H. J., 1989, J CLIN EXPT NEUROPSY, V11, P52 NEVILLE HJ, 1994, COGNITIVE DEFICITS D, P67 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 Perner J., 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P141 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES PETTITO L, 1993, DEV NEUROCOGNITION S, P365 PREMACK D, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P515 Premack David, 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, P160 Price J. L., 1987, HDB CHEM NEUROANATOM, V5, P279 Raven J. C., 1986, RAVENS PROGR MATRICE Reilly J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P367 ROSSEN M, 1994, 6TH C BUILD BRIDG DI RUTTER M, 1991, NEW GENETICS MENTAL, P139 Sigman M., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P103 SIMMONS DM, 1990, PROFESSIONAL S WILLI Sperber D., 1986, RELEVANCE COMMUNICAT SULLIVAN K, 1993, BIENNIAL M SOC RES C UDWIN O, 1991, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V13, P232, DOI 10.1080/01688639108401040 UDWIN O, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00212.x UDWIN O, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P129 VOLTERRA V, 1994, 6TH C BUILD BRIDG DI WANG PP, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P317, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402641 WANG PP, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P199 WANG PP, 1993, AM J DIS CHILD, V147, P1246 WANG PP, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P407 Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND WILLIAMS JC, 1961, CIRCULATION, V24, P1311 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 101 TC 156 Z9 157 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 196 EP 208 DI 10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.196 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA QX770 UT WOS:A1995QX77000006 PM 23961824 ER PT J AU BRACHA, HS LIVINGSTON, R DYKMAN, K EDWARDS, DR ADAM, B AF BRACHA, HS LIVINGSTON, R DYKMAN, K EDWARDS, DR ADAM, B TI AN AUTOMATED ELECTRONIC METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING SPINNING (CIRCLING) IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; TURNING BEHAVIOR; ASYMMETRY; LESIONS; RATS AB This pilot study examined and quantified rotational asymmetry (the tendency to turn preferentially to the right or left side). An automated device was used to measure turning (circling) in 9 children with autism and 27 normal control subjects and confirmed clinical observations of stereotypical spinning behavior in patients with autism. This behavior wits significantly preferential toward the left side relative to control subjects (P = 0.0009, two-tailed). Group membership accounted for approximately 40% of variance. Although the precise causes of autism are not known, these preliminary data suggest that the spinning behavior often seen in children with neurodevelopmental disorders can be reliably measured. Furthermore, spinning in autism may most often manifest as specific right-hemispace neglect. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,VET AFFAIRS PSYCHIAT SERV,N LITTLE ROCK,AR. CR BRACHA HS, IN PRESS TECHNIQUES BRACHA HS, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P995, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90009-6 BRACHA HS, 1987, LIFE SCI, V40, P1127, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90576-5 BRACHA HS, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P330 BRACHA HS, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V17, P551 BRACHA HS, 1989, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V25, P265 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1047 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 CRESCIMANNO G, 1982, ARCH INT PHYSIOL BIO, V90, P355, DOI 10.3109/13813458209110370 EDWARDS DR, 1991, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V44, P1755 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 GORDON HW, 1991, INT J NEUROSCI, V128, P91 GOSPE SM, 1990, J CHILD NEUROL, V5, P31 GREENSTEIN S, 1975, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V3, P507, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(75)90063-5 Hays W. L., 1981, STATISTICS LYON N, 1991, SCHIZOPHR RES, V4, P53, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(91)90010-O PYCOCK CJ, 1980, NEUROSCIENCE, V5, P515 QUESNEY LF, 1986, EPILEPSIA, V27, pS27, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1986.tb05738.x ROSS DA, 1981, BRAIN RES, V210, P379, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90913-6 SCHNEIDE.RC, 1968, J NEUROL SCI, V6, P493, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(68)90033-6 SCHOPLER E, 1985, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SOROSKY AS, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P439 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1705 WEINTRAUB S, 1989, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V2, P357 1994, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD SPR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 213 EP 217 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA QV776 UT WOS:A1995QV77600011 PM 7626965 ER PT J AU Lucyshyn, JM Olson, D Horner, RH AF Lucyshyn, JM Olson, D Horner, RH TI Building an ecology of support: A case study of one young woman with severe problem behaviors living in the community SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS LA English DT Article DE autism; functional assessment; longitudinal analysis; self-injury; severe problem behavior ID MENTALLY-RETARDED INDIVIDUALS; SEVERE DISABILITIES; RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; ADULTS AB This case study describes 30 months in the life of a young woman with a history of life-threatening self-injurious behaviors (SIB) who moved from a large public institution to her community. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed to provide a nonexperimental description of her behavior and lifestyle in the community. Quantitative measurements included: (a) activity patterns, (b) social network, (c) self-injurious behaviors, (d) aggression against others, and (e) staff changes. Qualitative results emerged from semistructured interviews and participant observations conducted over a 6-month period. Together, these data revealed a young woman actively involved in a lifestyle characterized by an increase in the frequency and diversity of activities performed in the community. Problem behaviors occurred at low levels for extended periods, yet there continued to be times with major regression. Qualitative results also indicate a general reduction in the intensity of self-injurious behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of multicomponent positive interventions, the need to design environments that promote lifestyle changes, and the value of collaboratively employing quantitative and qualitative research methods. C1 UNIV OREGON,SPECIALIZED TRAINING PROGRAM,EUGENE,OR 97403. CR ALLISON GS, IN PRESS RES DEV DIS BERKMAN KA, 1988, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V13, P76 BOLES S, 1988, TRANSITIONS ADULT LI, P101 BROMLEY BE, 1991, MENT RETARD, V29, P275 CAMPBELL DT, 1959, PSYCHOL BULL, V56, P81, DOI 10.1037/h0046016 Carr E, 1990, PERSPECTIVES USE NON, P361 CARR EG, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P157, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-157 CARR EG, 1990, ASS PERSONS SEVERE H, V4 CUNNINGHAM PJ, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P109 DUNLAP G, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P387, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-387 DURAND VM, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P140 DURAND VM, 1990, SEVERE BEHAVIOR PROB FOSTER B, 1993, AM LAB, V25, P44 FOXX RM, 1986, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V1, P39, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360010105 FOXX RM, 1993, 19TH ANN M ASS BEH A HILL BK, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P380 HILL BK, 1988, INTEGRATION DEV DISA, P283 HORNER RH, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P125 HORNER RH, 19TH ANN M ASS BEH A Jorgensen Danny L., 1989, PARTICIPANT OBSERVAT KAISER AP, 1993, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V18, P240 KENNEDY CH, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P86 KENNEDY CH, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P79 LAKIN KC, 1985, LIVING LEARNING LEAS, P3 Mace F. C., 1993, BEHAV ANAL TREATMENT, P75 MALETTE P, 1992, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V17, P179 McGee J. J., 1987, GENTLE TEACHING NONA MCGREW KS, 1994, CHALLENGES SERVICE S, P65 Merriam S., 1988, CASE STUDY RES ED QU Meyer L. H., 1989, NONAVERSIVE INTERVEN Meyer L. H., 1993, COMMUNICATIVE ALTERN, P407 MEYER LH, 1993, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V18, P224 NEWTON JS, 1988, VALUED OUTCOMES INFO NEWTON JS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P239, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-239 Nisbet J., 1991, CRITICAL ISSUES LIVE, P115 O'Brien J, 1987, COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE, P175 O'Neill R. E., 1990, FUNCTIONAL ANAL PROB Patton MQ., 1990, QUALITATIVE EVALUATI Reichle J., 1993, COMMUNICATIVE ALTERN Repp A. C., 1990, PERSPECTIVES USE NON SIEDEL J, 1985, ETHNOGRAPH SKODAKCRISSEY M, 1986, I MENTALLY RETARDED Strauss A., 1990, BASICS QUALITATIVE R TAYLOR SJ, 1981, DEINSTITUTIONALIZATI, P133 Taylor Steven J., 1987, COMMUNITY INTEGRATIO THARP RG, 1981, ED PERSPECTIVES, V20, P42 VANHOUTEN R, 1993, BEHAVIOR ANAL TREATM WIDAMAN KF, 1983, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P219 ZIGLER E, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P1 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP PI BALTIMORE PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 SN 0274-9483 J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap PD SPR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA TP033 UT WOS:A1995TP03300003 ER PT J AU Biklen, D Saha, N Kliewer, C AF Biklen, D Saha, N Kliewer, C TI How teachers confirm the authorship of facilitated communication: A portfolio approach SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS LA English DT Article DE autism; developmental disabilities; ethnographic research; facilitated communication; mental retardation ID AUTISM; PEOPLE; WORDS AB Facilitated communication has been characterized as an alternative to speech that involves providing physical and emotional support to individuals with severe communication impairments as they type or point to letters or pictures (Biklen, 1993). The method has been described as relevant for individuals who cannot speak, whose speech is extremely limited (e.g., echolalic, comprising a few words) and who cannot point independently and reliably (Biklen, Morton, Gold, Berrigan, & Swaminathan, 1992; Crossley 1992). Qualitative and controlled studies of the method demonstrate its usefulness for some individuals and that facilitators may influence the communication of some individuals. This qualitative study of seven speech and language teachers and classroom teachers working with 17 students, focused on how and on what basis the teachers determined for themselves that the words typed were authored by their students and not by them, the facilitators. The teachers provided and described evidence for 13 of the 17 students of message passing skills (i.e., typing information not known to their facilitators that could be verified as accurate). The teachers noted that 3 of these 13 and 4 of the total 17 achieved some independent typing beyond typing their names and the date. Sixteen of the 17 students were judged by their teachers to have confirmed their typing/communication ability by virtue of other features: unique physical characteristics in typing or pointing, personal themes, recur ring phrases, and stylistic qualities. These features appeared in their individual work but not in others, even though several shared facilitators. These findings suggest the potential value of a communication portfolio approach to documenting individuals' abilities to communicate with facilitation. RP Biklen, D (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,FACILITATED COMMUN INST,370 HUNTINGTON HALL,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. CR Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN SK, 1988, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V13, P155 Bogdan R., 1991, QUALITATIVE RES ED I CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 CROSSLEY R, 1990, JUN ANN C AUSTR ASS CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 CROSSLEY R, 1988, OCT INT SOC AUG ALT Crossley R., 1980, ANNIES COMING OUT CROSSLEY R, 1993, FACLITATED COMMUNICA CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 EASTHAM M, 1992, SILENT WORDS EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 Glaser B., 1967, DISCOVERY GROUNDED T *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, INV REL VAL ASS COMM KLEWE L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF01046057 MARTIN R, 1994, OUT SILENCE JOURNEY McCall G., 1969, ISSUES PARTICIPANT O MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P531, DOI 10.1007/BF01046054 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF01046055 Oppenheim Rosalind, 1974, EFFECTIVE TEACHING M RIMLAND B, 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P2 RIMLAND B, 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P7 SCHAWLOW AT, 1985, INTEGRATING MODERATE SCHOPLER E, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, P561 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K Taylor SJ, 1984, INTRO QUALITATIVE RE VAZQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF02172234 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 WHEELER DL, 1992, EXPT ASSESSMENT FACI NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP PI BALTIMORE PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 SN 0274-9483 J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap PD SPR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA TP033 UT WOS:A1995TP03300005 ER PT J AU Olney, M AF Olney, M TI Reading between the lines: A case study on facilitated communication SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS LA English DT Article DE autism; communication (nonvocal, vocal); facilitated communication; qualitative research; social interaction ID AUTISM; WORDS AB This is a qualitative study that examines the facilitated communication method within the context of general communication. ''Reading'' another person, or understanding the intent and meaning of an individual's communication, is a complex process that encompasses verbal and nonverbal messages. Various strategies employed by both the facilitated communication user and communication partner to interpret and clarify, messages are examined in depth. RP Olney, M (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT COUNSELING & HUMAN SERV,259 HUNTINGTON HALL,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. CR BALTAXE CAM, 1977, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V42, P376 BAUMGART D, 1990, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA Becker H, 1970, SOCIOLOGICAL WORK BIKLEN D, 1991, DISABILITY HANDICAP, V6, P46 BIKLEN D, 1993, 2ND C FAC COMM I SYR Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BIKLEN D, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P242 Bogdan R, 1982, QUALITATIVE RES ED I Bogdan Robert, 1975, INTRO QUALITATIVE RE CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1991, COMMUNICATING TOGETH, V9, P19 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 Derlega V. J., 1984, COMMUNICATION INTIMA, P1 DEVAULT ML, 1990, SOC PROBL, V37, P96, DOI 10.1525/sp.1990.37.1.03a00070 Donnellan A. 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B., 1988, UNDERSTANDING CONDUC Strauss A., 1990, BASICS QUALITATIVE R SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K VAZQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF02172234 WARREN S, 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU WATZLAWICK P, 1986, PRAGMATICS HUMAN COM WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 WHITEHOUSE D, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02409579 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP PI BALTIMORE PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 SN 0274-9483 J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap PD SPR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA TP033 UT WOS:A1995TP03300006 ER PT J AU SHEPANEK, NA SMITH, RF ANDERSON, LA MEDICI, CN AF SHEPANEK, NA SMITH, RF ANDERSON, LA MEDICI, CN TI BEHAVIORAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH PRENATAL OPIATE RECEPTOR BLOCKADE SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE NALOXONE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL DRUG EFFECTS; PAIN SENSITIVITY DEVELOPMENT; MOTOR BEHAVIOR; OPIATE RECEPTORS ID NALOXONE; NALTREXONE; RAT; ANTAGONIST; MODULATION; AUTISM; STIMULATION; CONSUMPTION; CHILDREN; OPIOIDS AB Pregnant Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg per day naloxone from gestational day 7 (GD7) through GD20. The control groups included both uninjected animals and injected animals pairfed to the 10-mg dose animals. At birth, all litters were culled to four males and four females, and fostered to undosed surrogate dams. Prenatal naloxone exposure produced changes in body weight development, pain sensitivity, and motor behavior in the offspring. Five and 10 mg/kg naloxone increased adult body weights in females only, as did the pairfeeding condition. The 10 mg/kg naloxone altered pain sensitivity (in males only) as measured by the tail flick test. Animals in the 1 mg/kg dose condition habituated more rapidly than uninjected (UN) subjects in the open field, and showed less activity than UNs as they matured. Bar pressing rates were reduced in the 10 mg/kg dose males in a visual discrimination task, while 10 mg/kg males and females showed reduced bar pressing rates on differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL). These findings confirm that prenatal exposure to naloxone alters some aspects of neurobehavioral development in the rat, and are consistent with the hypothesis that 1 mg/kg prenatally may increase opiate function in offspring, while 10 mg/kg prenatally may decrease opiate functioning in the offspring. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. CR AMIR S, 1979, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V18, P171, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(79)90058-3 BARTOLOME JV, 1986, LIFE SCI, V38, P2355, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90643-0 BIGGIO G, 1978, SCIENCE, V200, P552, DOI 10.1126/science.205949 CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CASTELLANO C, 1984, PHAR BIOCH BEHAV, V23, P103 COLLIER TJ, 1984, BRAIN RES, V310, P384, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90166-5 COMER CR, 1987, J APPL PHYSIOL, V62, P2141 COOPER SJ, 1980, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V71, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00433244 GEYER MA, 1986, NEUROBEHAV TOXICOL T, V7, P661 HOLTZMAN SG, 1974, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V189, P51 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 MAICKEL RP, 1977, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V16, P863, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(77)90149-6 MEYERSON BJ, 1988, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V31, P63, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90312-7 NAJAM N, 1989, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V33, P539, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(89)90383-3 OBRIEN CP, 1984, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V45, P57 PANKSEPP J, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P537 PANKSEPP J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02284764 ROTH K, 1988, INT J NEUROSCI, V12, P59 SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01495056 SANDMAN CA, 1994, EXP CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V1, P242 SCHOENFELD A, 1987, ARCH GYNECOL OBSTET, V240, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF02134063 SEATRIZ JV, 1993, BRAIN RES BULL, V30, P523, DOI 10.1016/0361-9230(93)90078-P SEGAL DS, 1979, ENDORPHINS MENTAL HL SHEPANEK NA, 1989, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V11, P441, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(89)90021-4 SMITH RF, 1989, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V11, P35, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(89)90082-2 SPENCER DG, 1985, BEHAV RES METH INS C, V17, P294 TEMPEL A, 1986, DEV BRAIN RES, V25, P287, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(86)90218-X TRIPP G, 1992, J PSYCHOPHARMACOL, V6, P8 VORHEES CV, 1981, NEUROBEH TOXICOL TER, V3, P295 ZAGON IS, 1986, DEV BRAIN RES, V28, P233, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(86)90025-8 ZAGON IS, 1987, BRAIN RES, V412, P68, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91440-5 ZAGON IS, 1984, PHARM BIOCH BEHAV, V22, P441 ZAGON IS, 1986, J NEUROSCI, V6, P1424 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(94)00232-8 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QK559 UT WOS:A1995QK55900001 PM 7617667 ER PT J AU SWEENEY, HM LEBLANC, JM AF SWEENEY, HM LEBLANC, JM TI EFFECTS OF TASK SIZE ON WORK-RELATED AND ABERRANT BEHAVIORS OF YOUTHS WITH AUTISM AND MENTAL-RETARDATION SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; STUDENTS AB The effects of task size an rate of responding and on-task behavior as well as on nontask-related behaviors of students with autism and mental retardation on a repetitive task under conditions of no reinforcement for responding was analyzed Task size, defined a the presence of either 36 or 250 beads in a container at the onset of the session, was compared in an alternating treatment design. The small-task condition resulted in higher on-task behavior for all participants and in higher work rate for four of the five participants For the four participants who engaged in inappropriate use of task materials, higher levels of this behavior occurred in the large-task conditions. Other nontask-related behaviors were higher in the large-task condition for all participants with the exception of stereotypy, which,vas higher in the small-tack condition for one participant. Better work-related behavior occurred for these participants in small- than in large-task conditions even though no tangible reinforcement was provided for task responding. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of arranging workplace environments to maximize productivity of persons with developmental disabilities. C1 UNIV KANSAS,SCHIEFELBUSCH INST LIFE SPAN STUDIES,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. 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PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 97 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00001-1 PG 19 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA QP536 UT WOS:A1995QP53600002 PM 7792411 ER PT J AU MUNDY, P STELLA, J AF MUNDY, P STELLA, J TI AFFECT, INTERSUBJECTIVITY AND SOCIAL-COGNITION - HOBSONS THOUGHTS ON AUTISM AND NORMAL DEVELOPMENT - HOBSON,RP SO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Book Review RP MUNDY, P (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,DEPT PSYCHOL,CORAL GABLES,FL 33126, USA. CR Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND Baron-Cohen S., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHERS FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 HOBSON RP, IN PRESS J AM PSYCHO HOBSON RP, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00354.x HOBSON RP, 1993, AFFECT INTERSUBJECTI ICKES W, 1988, J NONVERBAL BEHAV, V12, P58, DOI 10.1007/BF00987352 Kaplan H., 1963, SYMBOL FORMATION LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 MUNDY P, 1994, ROCH S DEV PSYCH DIS, P1 Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD STOLOROW R D, 1992, Psychoanalytic Review, V79, P25 1994, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0961-205X J9 SOC DEV JI Soc. Dev. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 4 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9507.1995.tb00054.x PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QV099 UT WOS:A1995QV09900008 ER PT J AU SMALLEY, SL MCCRACKEN, J TANGUAY, P AF SMALLEY, SL MCCRACKEN, J TANGUAY, P TI AUTISM, AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS, AND SOCIAL PHOBIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; AFFECTIVE DISORDERS; SOCIAL PHOBIA; GENETICS ID FAMILY HISTORY METHOD; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; DEPRESSION; INTERVIEW; DIAGNOSIS; SIBLINGS AB The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that major affective and/or anxiety disorders are increased among relatives of autistic probands compared with controls. Among 36 families with an autistic child, 23 (64%) have a first degree relative diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 14 (39%) have a first degree relative diagnosed with social phobia. These rates are significantly greater than the 19% and 5%, respectively, found among 21 families with a child having a genetic condition, tuberous sclerosis complex, or a seizure disorder but no autism. The frequency of major depression among the 96 first degree relatives of autistic probands is 37.5% compared with 11.1% found among 45 relatives of control probands. The frequency of social phobia, 20.2%, is approximately 10 times more common than that found among the relatives of the control probands (2.4%). Elevated rates of both major depression and social phobia are found among parents and siblings in the families with an autistic child. Furthermore, 64% of parents affected with a major depression had the onset of the first depressive episode prior to the birth of the autistic child and all parents with social phobia had the onset of condition prior to the birth of the autistic child. Family patterns differ depending on the intellectual level of the autistic child; specifically, social phobia is significantly greater among the first degree relatives of nonretarded autistic probands than among relatives of individuals with autism and comorbid mental retardation. Whether this familial association of autism, major mood disorders, and social phobia reflects shared genetic underpinnings requires further research. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP SMALLEY, SL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,47-438 NPI,760 WESTWOOD PLAZA,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR ABRAMSON RK, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P370, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199203000-00030 ANDREASEN NC, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1229 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAILEY A, 1994, IN PRESS PSYCHOL MED COMINGS DE, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V266, P1793, DOI 10.1001/jama.266.13.1793 Craddock N., 1994, Psychiatric Genetics, V4, P67, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199421000-00010 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 DIXON WJ, 1983, INTRO STATISTICAL AN FISMAN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P199 Fleiss J., 1981, STATISTICAL METHODS FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P721, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.5.721 GILLBERG IC, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P50 GOMEZ MR, 1986, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS Hollingshead A.B., 1957, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 KENDLER KS, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P273 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02408557 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LOBASCHE.ME, 1970, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V117, P525, DOI 10.1192/bjp.117.540.525 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 MACDONALD H, 1989, 1ST WORLD C PSYCH GE MANNUZZA S, 1986, J PSYCHIAT RES, V20, P317, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(86)90034-8 Maser JD, 1990, COMORBIDITY MOOD ANX MOES D, 1992, PSYCHOL REP, V71, P1272, DOI 10.2466/PR0.71.8.1272-1274 NOBLE EP, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P648 ORVASCHEL H, 1982, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V4, P49, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(82)90019-2 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x SCHNEIER FR, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P282 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 SMITH M, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V45, P178 Sparrow SS, 1984, INTERVIEW EDITION SU STEINGARD R, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P932, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00021 SUTHERLAND GR, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1720, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199112123252407 THOMPSON WD, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P53 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WEISSMAN MM, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P747 1993, ICD 10 CLASSIFICATIO 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC 1993, SAS PROCEDURES GUIDE NR 46 TC 146 Z9 147 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB 27 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QJ654 UT WOS:A1995QJ65400004 PM 7485230 ER PT J AU SPINELLI, M ROCHA, ACD GIACHETI, CM RICHIERICOSTA, A AF SPINELLI, M ROCHA, ACD GIACHETI, CM RICHIERICOSTA, A TI WORD-FINDING DIFFICULTIES, VERBAL PARAPHASIAS, AND VERBAL DYSPRAXIA IN 10 INDIVIDUALS WITH FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FRAGILE X SYNDROME; FRA-X; VERBAL DYSPRAXIA; WORD-FINDING DIFFICULTIES; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; SPECIFIC LANGUAGE DISORDERS ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; LANGUAGE; SPEECH; AUTISM; MALES; ADULTS AB Speech/language disorders are common in the fragile X syndrome. [Howard-Peebles, 1979: Am J Hom Genet 31:214-222; Renier et al., 1983: J Ment Defic Res 27:51-59; Sparks, 1984: Birth Defects and Speech-Language Disorders, pp, 39-43; Hanson et al., 1986: Am J Med Genet 23:195-206]. Verbal paraphasias have been considered a rare feature and word-finding difficulties have seldom been reported. Here we report on ten Brazilian patients who were evaluated for speech/language disturbances and found that word-finding difficulties were present in 50% of the cases, which is a slightly higher frequency than that of clear dyspraxia. We suggest, therefore, that word-finding difficulties and verbal dyspraxia can be a common feature within the spectrum of this syndrome. Additional speech findings are discussed. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA,FAC S CAMILO,MARILIA,SP,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,HOSP PESQUISA & REABILITACAO LESOES LABIO PALATAI,BAURU,SP,BRAZIL. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA SAO PAULO,DIV EDUC & REABILITACAO DISTURBIOS COMUNICACAO,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Richieri-Costa, Antonio/B-2514-2013; Giacheti, Celia/I-4863-2012 OI Giacheti, Celia/0000-0001-9691-4672 CR BEITCHMAN JH, 1992, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V7, P151 CARROLWOOLFOLK E, 1982, INTERGRATIVE APPROAC, P215 CHUDLEY AE, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V110, P821, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80392-X CRITCHLEY M, 1970, APHASIOLOGY OTHER AS, P210 FERRIER LJ, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P776 FISCH GS, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V48, P112, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320480210 GOODGLASS H, 1972, ASSESSMENT APHASIA R, P5 GRAHAM JM, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V81, P795 HANSON DM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P195, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230114 HOWARDPEEBLES PN, 1979, AM J HUM GENET, V31, P214 HURST JA, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P352 JAFFE M, 1989, DISORDERS COMMUNICAT, P120 KEARNS KP, 1988, SPEECH LANGUAGE PATH, P592 PAUL R, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P457, DOI 10.1007/BF01486963 PAUL R, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V49, P328 PORTER ME, 1988, CLIN GENET, V33, P246 RENIER WO, 1983, J MENT DEFIC RES, V27, P51 SAMPLES JM, 1985, GENETIC POSSIBILITIE, P27 SCHWARTZ A, 1991, FLOW CYTOMETRY STAND, V3, P7 SPARKS SN, 1984, BIRTH DEFECTS SPEECH, P39 STACKHOUSE J, 1992, EUR J DISORDER COMM, V27, P19 SUDHALTER V, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P493, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380270 SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 TALLAL P, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P167 THOMPSON CK, 1988, HDB SPEECH LANGUAGE, P548 VILKMAN E, 1988, BRAIN LANG, V34, P203, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(88)90133-2 WALZER S, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02258.x Wolf-Schein E G, 1987, ASHA, V29, P35 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB 27 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600108 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QJ654 UT WOS:A1995QJ65400007 PM 7485233 ER PT J AU LEWIS, KE LUBETSKY, MJ WENGER, SL STEELE, MW AF LEWIS, KE LUBETSKY, MJ WENGER, SL STEELE, MW TI CHROMOSOMAL-ABNORMALITIES IN A PSYCHIATRIC POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES; FRAGILE X SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER ID FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; AUTISM AB Over a 3.5 year period of time, 345 patients hospitalized for psychiatric problems were evaluated cytogenetically. The patient population included 76% males and 94% children with a mean age of 12 years. The criteria for testing was an undiagnosed etiology for mental retardation and/or autism. Cytogenetic studies identified 11, or 3%, with abnormal karyotypes, including 4 fragile X positive individuals (2 males, 2 females), and 8 with chromosomal aneuploidy, rearrangements, or deletions. While individuals with chromosomal abnormalities do not demonstrate specific behavioral, psychiatric, or developmental problems relative to other psychiatric patients, our results demonstrate the need for an increased awareness to order chromosomal analysis and fragile X testing in those individuals who have combinations of behavioral/psychiatric, learning, communication, or cognitive disturbance. (C) 1995 Wiley Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA. CR EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FISCH GS, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V48, P112, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320480210 JACKY PB, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P400, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380249 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 THOMPSON MW, 1991, GENETICS MED, P215 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB 27 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 53 EP 54 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600110 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QJ654 UT WOS:A1995QJ65400009 PM 7485235 ER PT J AU RUTTER, M AF RUTTER, M TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MENTAL-DISORDERS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULTHOOD SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Review DE NATURAL HISTORY; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; ADULTHOOD ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE-DISORDERS; INNER-CITY POPULATION; FOLLOW-UP; CONDUCT DISORDER; ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION; HYPERACTIVE-CHILDREN; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AB Research findings on continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life are reviewed with respect to major depressive disorders, anxiety states, obsessional conditions, anorexia nervosa, conduct disorders, hyperkinetic disorders, autism, specific developmental disorders of language and schizophrenia. 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PD FEB PY 1995 VL 91 IS 2 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09745.x PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QJ577 UT WOS:A1995QJ57700001 PM 7778474 ER PT J AU ZILBOVICIUS, M GARREAU, B SAMSON, Y REMY, P BARTHELEMY, C SYROTA, A LELORD, G AF ZILBOVICIUS, M GARREAU, B SAMSON, Y REMY, P BARTHELEMY, C SYROTA, A LELORD, G TI DELAYED MATURATION OF THE FRONTAL-CORTEX IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN; METABOLISM; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; MONKEYS; MIND AB Objective: The authors investigated the metabolic maturation of the frontal cortex in preschool autistic children. Method: Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in five children with primary autism diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria was studied longitudinally. Regional CBF in each of the autistic children was measured with single photon emission computed tomography twice during their development: at the age of 3-4 years and 3 years later. At each stage, the autistic children were compared to an age-matched comparison group of five nonautistic children with normal development. Results: A transient frontal hypoperfusion was found in the autistic children at ages 3-4 years; this corresponded to the pattern of perfusion observed in much younger normal children. By the ages of 6-7, the autistic children's frontal perfusion had attained normal values. Conclusions: Since CBF patterns in children are related to maturational changes in brain function, these results indicate a delayed frontal maturation in childhood autism. Such a delayed brain maturational process is consistent with the clinical data and cognitive performance of autistic children. C1 INSERM,TOURS,FRANCE. 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J. Psychiat. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 152 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QE513 UT WOS:A1995QE51300015 PM 7840359 ER PT J AU EMDE, RM AF EMDE, RM TI AUTISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIND - HOBSON,RP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS LA English DT Book Review RP EMDE, RM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,MED CTR,BOX C268-69,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. CR Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INST PSYCHO-ANALYSIS PI LONDON PA 63 NEW CAVENDISH STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 7RD SN 0020-7578 J9 INT J PSYCHOANAL JI Int. J. Psycho-Anal. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 76 BP 187 EP 189 PN 1 PG 3 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA QH505 UT WOS:A1995QH50500024 ER PT J AU HASHIMOTO, T TAYAMA, M MURAKAWA, K YOSHIMOTO, T MIYAZAKI, M HARADA, M KURODA, Y AF HASHIMOTO, T TAYAMA, M MURAKAWA, K YOSHIMOTO, T MIYAZAKI, M HARADA, M KURODA, Y TI DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN-STEM AND CEREBELLUM IN AUTISTIC PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE-IMAGING EVIDENCE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; STEM INVOLVEMENT; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; MR; HYPOPLASIA; SIZE AB Studies of magnetic resonance images have revealed morphological disorders of the brainstem and cerebellum in autistic children and adults. When we studied development of the brainstem and cerebellum in autistic patients, we found that although the brainstem and cerebellum significantly increased in size with age in both autistic patients and controls, these structures were significantly smaller in autistic patients than in controls. The speed of development of the pens, the cerebellar vermis I-V and the cerebellar vermis VI-VII was significantly more rapid in autistic patients than in the controls. However, the speed of development of the other brain structures in the posterior fossa did not differ between autistic patients and controls. The regression intercepts of the brainstem and cerebellum as well as those of their components were significantly smaller in autistic patients than in controls. Results suggest that brainstem and vermian abnormalities in autism were due to an early insult and hypoplasia rather than to a progressive degenerative process. RP HASHIMOTO, T (reprint author), UNIV TOKUSHIMA,SCH MED,TOKUSHIMA,JAPAN. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1007/BF02178163 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QT706 UT WOS:A1995QT70600001 PM 7608030 ER PT J AU HOTOPF, M BOLTON, P AF HOTOPF, M BOLTON, P TI A CASE OF AUTISM ASSOCIATED WITH PARTIAL TETRASOMY-15 SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INV DUP 15; FRAGILE-X; PREVALENCE; CHROMOSOME; INTERVIEW; ANGELMAN; DUP(15); SAMPLE AB We report a male individual with partial tetrasomy 15 and severe mental retardation, who met ICD-10 criteria for autism. The relevance of this to the etiology of autism is discussed. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEV PSYCHIAT SECT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2AH,ENGLAND. MAUDSLEY HOSP & INST PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1007/BF02178166 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QT706 UT WOS:A1995QT70600004 PM 7608033 ER PT J AU SCHATZ, J HAMDANALLEN, G AF SCHATZ, J HAMDANALLEN, G TI EFFECTS OF AGE AND IQ ON ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR DOMAINS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DSM-III-R; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; SCALES; ADOLESCENTS AB Researchers have examined adaptive behavior in autism, but few studies have looked for different patterns of adaptive skills according to age and intelligence. Domain scores from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) were compared in relation to age and Performance IQ for 72 children and adolescents with autism and 37 nonautistic children and adolescents with mental retardation. Age and IQ were positively related to each of the Vineland domains. Children with autism had lower scores in the socialization domain. An interaction was present between Performance IQ and group: With increasing IQ, children with autism showed smaller increases in social functioning than children with mental retardation. A similar trend was present for daily living skills. Results suggest that (a) the relationship between the two groups' adaptive behavior profiles is stable from preschool age through adolescence, and (b) increasing Ie is associated with less of an increase in certain adaptive skills for children with autism. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA. CEDAR CTR PSYCHIAT GRP,CEDAR RAPIDS,IA. RP SCHATZ, J (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOX 1125,ST LOUIS,MO 63130, USA. 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RI Durand, V Mark/G-6157-2010 CR SCHOPLER E, 1994, BEHAVIORAL ISSUES AU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 75 EP 76 DI 10.1007/BF02178170 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QT706 UT WOS:A1995QT70600008 ER PT J AU SPIKER, D AF SPIKER, D TI AUTISM - IDENTIFICATION, EDUCATION, AND TREATMENT - BERKELL,DE SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review RP SPIKER, D (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. CR BERKELL DE, 1992, AUTISM IDENTIFICATIO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA QT706 UT WOS:A1995QT70600009 ER PT J AU SPARREVOHN, R HOWIE, PM AF SPARREVOHN, R HOWIE, PM TI THEORY OF MIND IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER - EVIDENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION AND THE ROLE OF VERBAL-ABILITY SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; THEORY OF MIND; DEVELOPMENT; VERBAL ABILITY ID BELIEF; PERSPECTIVE; PERFORMANCE; KNOWLEDGE; DECEPTION; THINKING; DEFICIT; STATES; DELAY AB The present study investigated theory of mind in two groups of autistic children with markedly different verbal mental ages but comparable nonverbal ability and chronological ages, using a range of theory of mind belief tasks. The aims were to look for evidence of developmental progression of theory of mind ability in autistic children and to examine the role played by verbal ability in task performance. The results showed hierarchical patterns of performance across tasks, suggesting a developmental sequence of emerging aspects of theory of mind ability. There was clear evidence that verbal ability is an important contributor to successful task performance. C1 AUTISM RES INST,LANE COVE,NSW 2066,AUSTRALIA. UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT PSYCHOL,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARON-COHEN S, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P81, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028274 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 Dunn L. M., 1981, MANUAL PEABODY PICTU EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 GOPNIK A, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leiter R. G., 1980, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, COGNITION, V33, P315, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(89)90032-2 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SHAH A, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531605 WELLMAN HM, 1989, COGNITION, V33, P321, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(89)90033-4 WELLMAN HM, 1988, COGNITION, V30, P239, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90021-2 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 26 TC 46 Z9 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 36 IS 2 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA QH393 UT WOS:A1995QH39300006 PM 7759589 ER PT J AU HOWLIN, P AF HOWLIN, P TI HIGH-FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM - SCHOPLER,E, MESIBOV,GB SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Book Review CR SCHOPLER E, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 36 IS 2 BP 348 EP 348 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA QH393 UT WOS:A1995QH39300020 ER PT J AU BYRNE, JM DYWAN, CA CONNOLLY, JF AF BYRNE, JM DYWAN, CA CONNOLLY, JF TI AN INNOVATIVE METHOD TO ASSESS THE RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL-PALSY USING EVENT-RELATED BRAIN POTENTIALS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMANTIC DISCRIMINATION; AUDITORY INFORMATION; RECOGNITION MEMORY; INTELLIGENCE; ATTENTION; SENTENCES; AUTISM AB This single-case, multiple-control study illustrates the clinical use of ERPs as part of the linguistic and cognitive assessment of individuals who are unable to provide verbal or motor responses due to their multiple handicaps. The single-word receptive vocabulary of a 17-year-old patient with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and three age-matched controls was measured using an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) was adapted for computer presentation, with three levels of difficulty (Preschool, Child, Adult). Individual pictures were presented successively, and correctly (congruent) or incorrectly (incongruent) named auditorially. ERP components were derived for both the congruent and incongruent picture-word pairs. As predicted, the N400 ERP component had a higher peak for the incongruent picture-word pairs at the Preschool and Child levels. At the Adult level, the ERP pattern was reversed (higher peak in congruent condition) for the CP patient and for two of the three controls and, it was substantially attenuated for the third control. These ERP findings indicated that picture-word pairs within the range of acquired receptive vocabulary were identified as correct or incorrect, but picture-word pairs above an individual's level could not be differentiated as clearly. The findings demonstrate the clinical application of this paradigm to assessing receptive vocabulary in motor- and communication-impaired patients. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HALIFAX,NS B3H 3J5,CANADA. DALHOUSIE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HALIFAX,NS B3H 3J5,CANADA. RP BYRNE, JM (reprint author), IZAAK WALTON KILLAM HOSP CHILDREN,DEPT PSYCHOL,5850 UNIV AVE,HALIFAX,NS B3J 3G9,CANADA. CR Ackles P. K., 1988, ADV PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V3, P139 Berg W. K., 1987, HDB INFANT DEV, P238 BLAIR E, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P615 BRANDEIS D, 1986, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V24, P151, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(86)90049-7 BRATSHAW RM, 1992, CHILDREN DISABILITIE, P441 BROWN SW, 1984, TEST CRITIQUES, V11, P182 Burgemeister B., 1972, COLUMBIA MENTAL MATU BYRNE JM, 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P391 CONNOLLY JF, 1978, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V45, P128, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(78)90352-8 CONNOLLY JF, 1992, BRAIN LANG, V43, P1, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(92)90018-A CONNOLLY JF, 1990, BRAIN LANG, V39, P302, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(90)90016-A CONNOLLY JF, 1985, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V20, P293, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90059-9 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 CROTHERS B, 1957, NATURAL HIST CEREBRA CROWELL DH, 1954, J CONSULT PSYCHOL, V18, P276 DAINER KB, 1981, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V9, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF00917859 DOOL CB, 1993, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V22, P387, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2203_10 DROTAR D, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P391 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA DUNN LM, 1970, PEABODY INDIVIDUAL A French J. L., 1964, MANUAL PICTORIAL TES Golden CJ, 1978, DIAGNOSIS REHABILITA HOLMAN B, 1959, AM J PHYS MED, V38, P180 Jensen A. R., 1987, INFLUENCE COGNITIVE, P87 JOHNSON R, 1986, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V23, P367, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00649.x KEARSLEY RB, 1979, INFANTS RISK ASSESSM, P153 KLAPPER ZS, 1966, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V8, P645 KLORMAN R, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P130 KOGAN KL, 1957, PEDIATRICS, V19, P619 KRANZLER JH, 1989, INTELLIGENCE, V13, P329, DOI 10.1016/S0160-2896(89)80006-6 Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LINCOLN AJ, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P403 MATARAZZO JD, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1007, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.47.8.1007 MATEY C, 1984, TEST CRITIQUES, V11, P411 MCCARTY SM, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P369 MCDONOUGH K, 1983, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V6, P125 MILLER E, 1952, J PEDIATR-US, V41, P613, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(52)80109-X MOLFESE DL, 1990, BRAIN LANG, V38, P61, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(90)90102-M NAATANEN R, 1990, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V13, P201 NELSON KB, 1989, PEDIAT NEUROLOGY PRI, P363 NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 PALLER KA, 1987, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V67, P360, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(87)90124-6 PANETH N, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P124, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198607103150209 Pritchard W., 1991, ADV PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V4, P43 Regan D., 1989, HUMAN BRAIN ELECTROP Reitan RM, 1974, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY RITTER W, 1968, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V25, P550, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(68)90234-4 RITTER W, 1983, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V20, P168, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03283.x Sattler JM, 1988, ASSESSMENT CHILDRENS SCHAFER EWP, 1985, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V8, P240 BLACKWOOD DHR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P154, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.2.154 STELMACK RM, 1990, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V12, P887, DOI 10.1080/01688639008401029 STOUGH CKK, 1990, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V11, P401, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(90)90223-E STROTHER CR, 1952, PSYCHOL PROBLEMS CER Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL ZELAZO PR, 1979, INFANTS RISK ASSESSM, P49 ZELAZO PR, 1982, DEV DISABILITIES THE, P229 NR 57 TC 32 Z9 33 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER BV PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3395 J9 J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC JI J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 17 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1080/13803399508406576 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA QJ150 UT WOS:A1995QJ15000002 PM 7608306 ER PT J AU FRIEDOKEN, M PAUL, R FAY, W AF FRIEDOKEN, M PAUL, R FAY, W TI QUESTIONS CONCERNING FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID AUTISM C1 PORTLAND STATE UNIV,PORTLAND LANGUAGE DEV PROJECT,PORTLAND,OR 97207. RP FRIEDOKEN, M (reprint author), OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,ASSIST TECHNOL PROGRAM,PORTLAND,OR 97201, USA. CR APEL K, 1993, ANN CONVENTION AM SP BECK B, 1992, WORLD C INT ASS SCI BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 CABAY M, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE CREWS WD, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 GREEN G, 1993, ANN M ASS BEHAVIOR A HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 KALLSTROM S, 1993, ANN M ASS BEHAVIOR A KLEWE L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF01046057 MARKS H, 1993, ANN M AM ASS MENTAL MEINHOLD P, 1993, ANN M AM ASS MENTAL MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P531, DOI 10.1007/BF01046054 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF01046055 PRICE G, 1993, ANN M ASS BEHAVIOR A RAGAL R, IN PRESS J AUSTISM D Shane H. C., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P48 SHANE HC, 1993, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 SIEGEL B, IN PRESS J AUSTISM D SIMON EW, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 SZEMPRUCH J, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90020-K TEODORO J, 1993, ANN M ASS BEHAVIOR A VAZQUEZ C, IN PRESS J AUSTISM D WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 PU AMER SPEECH-LANG-HEARING ASSN PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE RD, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 SN 0022-4685 J9 J SPEECH HEAR RES JI J. Speech Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 200 EP 202 PG 3 WC Language & Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA QG083 UT WOS:A1995QG08300017 PM 7731210 ER PT J AU SILLIMAN, ER AF SILLIMAN, ER TI ISSUES RAISED BY FACILITATED COMMUNICATION FOR THEORIZING AND RESEARCH ON AUTISM - COMMENTS SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP SILLIMAN, ER (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT COMMUN SCI & DISORDERS,TAMPA,FL 33620, USA. RI Silliman, Elaine/A-6809-2009 CR Biklen D., 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P15 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 Brown A. L., 1992, J LEARN SCI, V2, P141, DOI DOI 10.1207/S15327809JLS0202_ DUCHAN J, 1994, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V25, P48 DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 ROGOFF B, 1993, MONOGRAPHS SOC R 236, V58 SHANE HC, 1993, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 SNYDER LS, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, P15 Tharp R., 1993, CONTEXTS LEARNING SO, P269 WALLEY AC, 1993, DEV REV, V13, P286, DOI 10.1006/drev.1993.1015 Weaver C., 1994, READING PROCESS PRAC WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER SPEECH-LANG-HEARING ASSN PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE RD, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 SN 0022-4685 J9 J SPEECH HEAR RES JI J. Speech Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 38 IS 1 BP 204 EP 206 PG 3 WC Language & Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA QG083 UT WOS:A1995QG08300019 PM 7605449 ER PT J AU SZATMARI, P VOLKMAR, F WALTER, S AF SZATMARI, P VOLKMAR, F WALTER, S TI EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA FOR AUTISM USING LATENT CLASS MODELS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; DIAGNOSIS; CLASSIFICATION ID III-R CRITERIA; DSM-III; DISORDER; VALIDITY AB Objective: To illustrate the use of latent class models for comparing alternative diagnostic criteria for autism. The models are based on the notion that the ''true'' classification of an individual is unknown but does exist at some unobserved, or ''latent,'' level. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity are obtained for each set of diagnostic criteria through maximum likelihood techniques in relation to the latent standard. Method: In this paper, latent class models are used to compare DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and ICD-10 criteria for autism in a sample of 342 individuals with autism or other developmental disabilities. THe diagnoses were made by one or more child psychiatrists who evaluated each patient and assigned a diagnosis of autism based on their own expert clinical judgment. In addition, the raters also determined whether criteria were met for the various diagnostic systems. Results: The results indicate that the ICD-10 criteria agree best with the latent standard and a diagnosis based on expert opinion. Conclusion: It is suggested that latent class models can be usefully applied to the evaluation of other psychiatric disorders as well and represent an important new tool in evaluating diagnostic criteria by providing a way of dealing with data lacking an observable gold standard. C1 MCMASTER UNIV,HAMILTON,ON L8S 4L8,CANADA. YALE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BOYLE MH, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00979.x COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 DENCKLA MB, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60229-6 FARAONE SV, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P650 Galen RS, 1975, NORMALITY PREDICTIVE HENKELMAN RM, 1990, MED DECIS MAKING, V10, P24, DOI 10.1177/0272989X9001000105 HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 HUI SL, 1980, BIOMETRICS, V36, P167, DOI 10.2307/2530508 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kraemer H, 1992, EVALUATING MED TESTS KRAEMER HC, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P37, DOI 10.2307/2685259 MALGADY RG, 1992, J PSYCHIAT RES, V26, P59, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(92)90016-H NEUHAUSER D, 1975, NEW ENGL J MED, V293, P226, DOI 10.1056/NEJM197507312930504 ROBINS LN, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P918 Sackett DL, 1985, CLIN EPIDEMIOLOGY BA SHROUT PE, 1981, WHAT IS CASE SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 SIMPSON PR, 1978, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUNIT, V21, P166 SPITZNAGEL EL, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P725 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046325 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P190, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60226-0 WALTER SD, 1988, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V9, P923 World Health Organization, 1990, INT CLASS DIS, V10th YOUNG MA, 1982, J NERV MENT DIS, V170, P443, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198208000-00001 YOUNG M A, 1982, Journal of Psychiatric Research, V17, P285 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00017 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA QD091 UT WOS:A1995QD09100017 PM 7534756 ER PT J AU KOLMEN, BK FELDMAN, HM HANDEN, BL JANOSKY, JE AF KOLMEN, BK FELDMAN, HM HANDEN, BL JANOSKY, JE TI NALTREXONE IN YOUNG AUTISTIC-CHILDREN - A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CROSSOVER STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE AUTISM; NALTREXONE; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA; RATING-SCALE; ANTAGONISTS; ENZYMES; TRIAL AB Objective: This study evaluated the efficiacy and safety of naltrexone, an opiate blocker, in the treatment of autism. Method: Thirteen children with autistic disorder, aged 3.4 to 8.3 years (mean 5.4), were studied in home, school, and outpatient laboratory. Naltrexone, 1.0 mg/kg, was given daily in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Dependent measures included parent and teacher Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Conners Rating Scales, and Naltrexone Side-Effects (SE) Rating Scale; laboratory CGI, movement actometer readings, and a 10-second interval recording system analysis of on-task, communication initiations, disruptive behavior, and self-stimulation. Results: Eight of 13 subjects improved in two or more settings. Changes in parent measures (CGI, Conners Impulsivity-Hyperactivity Factor, and SE-Restlessness) and Teacher CGI achieved statistical significance. Teacher SE-Restlessness and initiation of communication in the clinic showed a trend toward improvement. Actometer readings improved into two children who were very active at baseline. Adverse side effects were behavioral, mild, and transient. Administering the bitter tablet was a challenge. Conclusions: Naltrexone offers promise as an agent for modest improvement of behavior and social communication in young children with autism. Parent and teacher measures can be useful in outpatient trials to evaluate change. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,CHILDRENS HOSP PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CHILD DEV UNIT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV PITTSBURGH,CHILDRENS HOSP PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RP KOLMEN, BK (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,CHILDRENS HOSP PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILD DEV UNIT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Barkley RA, 1990, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, V2nd BARRETT RP, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P644 Barron J. L., 1993, HDB BEHAV THERAPY PH, P129 BERNSTEIN GA, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P886 BRAHEN LS, 1988, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V28, P64 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P130 CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 CAMPBELL M, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V25, P194 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 CHAMBERLAIN RS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V28, P773, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90513-2 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P631 FISH B, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P753 FLOWER RJ, 1985, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P692 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GOYETTE CH, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00919127 HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 HERMAN BH, 1989, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V12, P118 Hollingshead A. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00018 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA QD091 UT WOS:A1995QD09100018 PM 7896655 ER PT J AU PERRY, R COHEN, I DECARLO, R AF PERRY, R COHEN, I DECARLO, R TI CASE-STUDY - DETERIORATION, AUTISM, AND RECOVERY IN 2 SIBLINGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE DETERIORATION; AUTISM; THERAPY; RECOVERY ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDREN; STABILITY; AGE AB Two siblings whose functioning deteriorated in the second year of life met criteria for autism. They recovered after a form of behavior modification that was successful in a previous study. Follow-up of that study and of the siblings demonstrated that recovery was enduring. It is hypothesized that such therapy succeeds by modifying a still-plastic neural circuitry. C1 BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,DIV BEHAV ASSESSMENT & RES,STATEN ISL,NY 10314. RP PERRY, R (reprint author), NYU MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BAER DM, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P373 COHEN IL, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P5, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90057-4 FREEMAN BJ, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P479, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00020 Heller T, 1930, Z KINDERFORSCH, V37, P661 Kandel E.R., 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P1009 KANDEL ER, 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P949 KURITA H, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P785 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02212853 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas O. 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PD FEB PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00019 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA QD091 UT WOS:A1995QD09100019 PM 7896656 ER PT J AU BENJAMIN, S SEEK, A TRESISE, L PRICE, E GAGNON, M AF BENJAMIN, S SEEK, A TRESISE, L PRICE, E GAGNON, M TI CASE-STUDY - PARADOXICAL RESPONSE TO NALTREXONE TREATMENT OF SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE NALTREXONE; SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; OPIOID SYSTEM ID OPIOID-PEPTIDES; NALOXONE AB Opioid receptor antagonists have been studied in the management of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in developmentally disabled individuals. The authors present a case of a severly retarded, autistic man whose SIB increased dramatically during a trial of naltrexone. A paradoxical increase in SIB, attributed to the extinction burst phenomenon during the initial period of nonreward, is known to occur during treatment with naloxone, a short-acting parenteral opioid antagonist. It has only once been reported during treatment with naltrexone, a long-acting orally administered agent. Opioid analgesic effects and learning theory can explain both increases and decreases in SIB after opioid blockade. C1 WESTBORO STATE HOSP,WESTBOROUGH,MA. ARCHWAY RESIDENTIAL SCH,LEICESTER,MA. RP BENJAMIN, S (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,55 LAKE AVE N,WORCESTER,MA 01655, USA. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00020 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA QD091 UT WOS:A1995QD09100020 PM 7896657 ER PT J AU SAITOH, O COURCHESNE, E EGAAS, B LINCOLN, AJ SCHREIBMAN, L AF SAITOH, O COURCHESNE, E EGAAS, B LINCOLN, AJ SCHREIBMAN, L TI CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF THE POSTERIOR HIPPOCAMPUS IN AUTISTIC PATIENTS WITH CEREBELLAR AND CORPUS-CALLOSUM ABNORMALITIES SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; ANATOMIC-MR CORRELATION; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; IMAGING-BASED VOLUME; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIMBIC LOBE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; LOBECTOMY; DISEASE; AMNESIA AB Using MRI methods previously shown to optimize visualization of cytoarchitectonic details in the body of the hippocampal formation caudal to the pes hippocampi, we imaged and quantified the hippocampus proper including the subiculum and the dentate gyrus in 33 autistic patients between the ages of 6 and 42 years and in 23 age-matched normal healthy volunteers. Measures of these structures in autistic patients and normal healthy volunteers differed nonsignificantly, by less than 1.4%, regardless of whether or not the autistic patients were retarded or had a history of seizure episodes. By contrast, measures of vermian lobules VT and VII and the posterior portion of the corpus callosum in these same autistic and normal volunteers differed significantly, by more than 9.9%. The lack of a significant difference in the cross-sectional size of the posterior hippocampal formation between autistic and normal 6- to 42-year-olds is discrepant with predictions based on some, but not all, autopsy studies. This suggests that there is a need for additional quantitative autopsy study of the hippocampal formation and quantitative MRI study of rostral hippocampal regions that we did not explore in the present report. 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POSTERIOR-FOSSA; 4TH VENTRICLE; ABNORMALITIES; NEUROANATOMY; HYPOPLASIA; BRAIN; SIZE CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, IN PRESS J COGN NEUR AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN ML, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P190 BAUMAN M L, 1990, Neurology, V40, P359 CIESIELSKI KT, 1990, 5TH P INT CHILD NEUR COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1990, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V2, P685, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199008000-00010 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS BEHAV NEURO COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P203 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P285 COURCHESNE E, 1985, MAY C BRAIN BEH DEV COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 DIXON WJ, 1992, BMDP STATISTICAL SOF, V1, P215 EGAAS B, IN PRESS ARCH NEUROL FIEZ JA, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P155, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.1.155 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 HAAS RH, UNPUB NEUROLOGIC ABN HALLETT M, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P1304 HASHIMOTO T, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 INMAN HF, 1994, AM STAT, V48, P2 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 LEINER HC, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P444, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-T MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 Petersen S E, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P153, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 REISS AL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P279 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 SCHAEFER GB, 1992, OCT M AM AC HUM GEN TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P218 TOWNSEND J, 1994, COGN NEUR SOC ABSTR, V1, P98 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 Zilbovicius M., 1993, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V19, P790 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA QG533 UT WOS:A1995QG53300049 ER PT J AU CIESIELSKI, KT KNIGHT, JE PRINCE, RJ HARRIS, RJ HANDMAKER, SD AF CIESIELSKI, KT KNIGHT, JE PRINCE, RJ HARRIS, RJ HANDMAKER, SD TI EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS IN CROSS-MODAL DIVIDED ATTENTION IN AUTISM SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE VISUAL AUDITORY ATTENTION; FOCUSED ATTENTION; DIVIDED ATTENTION; EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS; HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SELECTIVE INHIBITION ID EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; PROCESSING SYSTEM; AUDITORY-STIMULI; P300 COMPONENT; BRAIN; CORTEX; ABNORMALITIES; ADULTHOOD; CHILDREN AB The behavior and event-related potentials (ERPs) of high functioning subjects with autism (Autism group) were contrasted with the results of normal controls (Control group) during a focused visual attention, a focused auditory attention and a visual/auditory divided attention task. Detecting targets by the Autism group in the cross-modal divided attention condition was more difficult (longer RTs,lower % of correct detections) than attending to one modality. However, both the Autism and Control groups performed all tasks above chance level. The slow negative wave (SNW) was the only negative component which reflected Focused vs Divided task effect in Controls, being largest to stimuli in single channel-focused attention, intermediate when attention was divided between targets of two modalities and smallest to unattended stimuli. Task effects were more evident in the positive peaks for the Austism group. No significant divided attention task effect was noted for P3b, although it was larger for attended than ignored stimuli, of normal morphology and only slightly decreased in size in the Autism group as compared to the Control group. 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D., 1984, VARIETIES ATTENTION, P63 WILLIAMS RS, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 NR 82 TC 40 Z9 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD FEB PY 1995 VL 33 IS 2 BP 225 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)00094-6 PG 22 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA QG123 UT WOS:A1995QG12300007 PM 7746366 ER PT J AU MURIS, P MEESTERS, C MERCKELBACH, H LOMME, M AF MURIS, P MEESTERS, C MERCKELBACH, H LOMME, M TI KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC EMOTIONS IN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article AB An experiment was carried out in which 30 adolescent and adult patients with autism and 30 age- and IQ-matched Down syndrome patients were instructed to choose one of the chocolates that were hanging near four pictures displaying facial expressions of basic emotions (fear, anger, happiness, and sadness). As predicted, most of the Down syndrome patients took the chocolate near the happy face picture. Unexpectedly, however, autistic patients made more responses to the fearful face picture. Also, Down syndrome patients were more capable of naming the four basic emotions than autistic patients. RP MURIS, P (reprint author), UNIV LIMBURG,DEPT EXPTL ABNORMAL PSYCHOL,POB 616,6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x NISBETT RE, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P231, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 76 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA QV858 UT WOS:A1995QV85800011 PM 7770593 ER PT J AU HUDSON, A AF HUDSON, A TI DISABILITY AND FACILITATED COMMUNICATION - A CRITIQUE SO ADVANCES IN CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 17 SE ADVANCES IN CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN RP HUDSON, A (reprint author), ROYAL MELBOURNE INST TECHNOL,DEPT PSYCHOL & INTELLECTUAL DISABIL STUDIES,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. 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L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL VONTETZCHNER S, 1992, COMMUNICATING TOGETH, V10, P8 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 WOLFENSBERGER W, 1992, TRAINING I HUMAN SER, V12, P39 1992, AUTISM RES REV INT, V6, P1 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P2 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0149-4732 J9 ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH PY 1995 VL 17 BP 197 EP 232 PG 36 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA BB79W UT WOS:A1995BB79W00005 ER PT J AU CARRASCOSA, D RAMIREZ, MD CASADO, A LATORRE, MRJ LOPEZFERNANDEZ, ME SAEZ, J AF CARRASCOSA, D RAMIREZ, MD CASADO, A LATORRE, MRJ LOPEZFERNANDEZ, ME SAEZ, J TI PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS MARKERS IN SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS FOR MENTALLY-HANDICAPPED IN THE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY OF MADRID SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In order to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, 400 patients were studied: 134 residents of an institution (RI) for the mentally retarded and 266 under non-residential care (NRC). In the residential institutions, all markers were absent in 69 (65.7%) of 105 patients with Down syndrome and 20 (69.0%) of 29 clients without Down syndrome. In the NRC clients, 167 (85.6%) of 195 patients with Down syndrome and 65 (91.5%) of 71 clients with other mental defects (psychologically and physically handicapped, autism) had negative tests for HBV markers. The prevalence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was higher in institutionalized mentally retarded (RI) and older patients (21 + years). Examination of 195 Down patients revealed a higher frequency (1.4 times) of surface antigen carriers as strictly matched non-Down syndrome cases (point prevalences 14.2% and 10.3%, respectively). The higher prevalence in affected cases appears to be primarily associated with a longer persistence of antigenemia. Results related to the sex of the patients were less clear. 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J. Hum. Biol. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1002/ajhb.1310070211 PG 6 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA QQ675 UT WOS:A1995QQ67500010 ER PT J AU GILMAN, JT TUCHMAN, RF AF GILMAN, JT TUCHMAN, RF TI AUTISM AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORAL-DISORDERS - PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Review ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; UNCONTROLLED RAGE OUTBURSTS; HORMONE 4-9 ANALOG; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DOUBLE-BLIND; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BLOOD SEROTONIN; RATING-SCALE AB OBJECTIVE: TO review the literature on autism and pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) as well as their respective pharmacotherapies. DATA SOURCES: An Index Medicus, MEDLINE, and bibliographic search of the literature pertaining to autism, PDDs, and respective treatments. STUDY SELECTION: Because of the paucity of literature on the treatment of autism and PDDs, the selection of reported data for this review included both controlled and uncontrolled studies, as well as case reports and any other information reported in the literature on the treatment of these disorders. DATA SYNTHESIS: Autism and PDDs are severe developmental disabilities defined by behavioral criteria. These disorders are lifelong in nature and present in varying severity of clinical manifestations. Behavioral manifestations of patients with autism include core deficits in social interaction, communication, and imaginative activities, with a restricted repertoire of activities and interests. The present understanding of the neurochemical basis of the disorder is limited. The role of pharmacotherapy in the management of autism and PDDs is to ameliorate behavioral symptoms that interfere with the patient's ability to participate in educational, social, work, and family systems. Agents that have shown positive clinical effects in the treatment of children with autism and PDDs are reviewed in this article. CONCLUSIONS: Autism is a complex developmental disorder representing a heterogeneous group of individuals with similar symptomatologies and multiple biologic etiologies. Present pharmacotherapeutic intervention seeks to resolve behavioral symptoms. Treatment of autism and PDDs requires appropriate delineation of the behaviors and neurobiologic disorders associated with each patient. No single therapeutic agent, or combination thereof, is appropriate for the treatment of all children and adults with autism or PDDs. C1 MIAMI CHILDRENS HOSP,CTR NEUROSCI,DEPT NEUROL,MIAMI,FL 33155. RP GILMAN, JT (reprint author), MIAMI CHILDRENS HOSP,CTR NEUROSCI,DEPT NEUROSCI,3100 SW 62ND AVE,MIAMI,FL 33155, USA. 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CR Chodorow J., 1991, DANCE THERAPY DEPTH KESTENBERG J, 1979, ROLE MOVEMENT PATTER, V1 KHAN MMR, 1988, PRIVACY SELF Laban R, 1980, MASTERY MOVEMENT, V4th LANGER SK, 1965, FEELING AND FORM MCCALL D, 1989, ART THERAPY ITALIANA MILNER M, 1992, SUPPRESSED MADNESS S Milner M., 1950, NOT BEING ABLE PAINT ROBBINS A, 1986, EXPRESSIVE THERAPIES TUSTIN F, 1983, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL WINNICOTT DW, 1989, HUMAN NATURE WINNICOTT DW, 1990, HOME IS WHERE WE STA WINNICOTT DW, 1991, COLLECTED PAPERS PED NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0197-4556 J9 ART PSYCHOTHER JI Arts Psychother. PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA RQ575 UT WOS:A1995RQ57500009 ER PT J AU KOHLER, KW STRAIN, PS HOYSON, M DAVIS, L DONINA, WM RAPP, N AF KOHLER, KW STRAIN, PS HOYSON, M DAVIS, L DONINA, WM RAPP, N TI USING A GROUP-ORIENTED CONTINGENCY TO INCREASE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND THEIR PEERS - A PRELIMINARY-ANALYSIS OF COROLLARY SUPPORTIVE BEHAVIORS SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article ID INITIATIONS AB The effects of a group-oriented contingency on the social and supportive interactions of three preschoolers with autism and their socially competent peers were examined. Children participated in daily manipulative play activities in groups of three (including one target child and two peers). A group reinforcement contingency increased all three target children's social interactions with peers (e.g., share, assistance, and play organizers) but produced few or no corollary supportive exchanges within the playgroups (e.g., one socially competent youngster tells another to ''Ask [target child] to share the Lego toys with us''). After a withdrawal of treatment phase in which social interactions decreased to low levels, children were taught to direct supportive comments to other members of their playgroups. Following this brief training, the interdependent group contingency was reinstated to reinforce the share, assistance, and play organizer exchanges between the target children and peers. In addition to interacting with the target children, socially competent youngsters also used supportive prompts to facilitate the social exchanges between their remaining group members. Children's social and supportive interactions decreased and increased again during subsequent baseline and group contingency phases. These results are discussed with regard to the efficacy of group-oriented contingencies and the function of supportive peer behaviors. RP KOHLER, KW (reprint author), ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST,EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENT PROGRAM,320 E N AVE,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212, USA. CR ALEXANDER RN, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P221, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-221 AXELROD S, 1975, BEHAVIOR ANAL AREAS, P277 FRANCHIMONT P, 1978, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V9, P313, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb02216.x GREENWOO.CR, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P413, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-413 GREENWOOD CR, 1981, UTILIZATION CLASSROO, P189 GRIEGER T, 1976, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V14, P307, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(76)90027-3 GURALNICK MJ, 1987, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P3 HENDRICKSON JM, 1982, BEHAV MODIF, V6, P323, DOI 10.1177/014544558263002 KAZDIN AE, 1977, BEHAV THER, V8, P682, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80200-1 Kohler F. W., 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P327 KOHLER FW, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-307 Lefebvre D., 1989, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V13, P329, DOI 10.1177/105381518901300405 MCCARTY T, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P313, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-313 ODOM SL, 1987, TEACHING STRATEGIES SMITH BJ, 1988, EARLY CHILDHOOD SPEC, P213 STRAIN PS, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-289 STRAYHORN JM, 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH, P287 SWITZER EB, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P267, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-267 TWARDOSZ S, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P311, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90004-6 VANHOUTEN R, 1977, BEHAV THER, V8, P366, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80071-3 WILSON SH, 1973, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V11, P110, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(73)90046-0 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 10 EP 32 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA PZ872 UT WOS:A1995PZ87200002 ER PT J AU Dixon, RS Moore, DW Hartnett, N Howard, R Petrie, K AF Dixon, RS Moore, DW Hartnett, N Howard, R Petrie, K TI Reducing inappropriate questioning behaviour in an adolescent with autism: A case study SO BEHAVIOUR CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SELF-CONTROL; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT AB Self-management techniques have been shown to be less labour intensive than other intervention procedures and to produce changes in behaviour that endure. Autistic children have been successfully taught to use self-management techniques across a variety of settings. The present study used an AB design with a follow-up to assess whether self-monitoring could be successfully employed to reduce inappropriate questioning behaviour in a high-functioning autistic adolescent. Results show that self-monitoring was associated with a reduction in questioning behaviour and a qualitative change in the questions asked. These findings are discussed in relation to their possible implications for the successful integration of autistic children into the mainstream. RP Dixon, RS (reprint author), UNIV AUCKLAND,DEPT EDUC,POB 92019,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. CR BAER DM, 1981, BEHAVIOR MODIFICATIO BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x DRABMAN RS, 1973, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V82, P10, DOI 10.1037/h0034981 HUNDERT J, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P304, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-304 HURTIG R, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01531674 KNEEDLER RD, 1981, EXCEPTIONAL ED Q, V2, P73 KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 OLEARY SG, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-449 ROSENBAUM MS, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P467, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-467 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1123, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00353.x NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AUSTRALIAN ACAD PRESS PI BOWEN HILLS PA 32 JEAYS ST, BOWEN HILLS QLD 4006, AUSTRALIA SN 0813-4839 J9 BEHAV CHANGE JI Behav. Change PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA TV025 UT WOS:A1995TV02500007 ER PT J AU DEUFEMIA, P FINOCCHIARO, R CELLI, M VIOZZI, L MONTELEONE, D GIARDINI, O AF DEUFEMIA, P FINOCCHIARO, R CELLI, M VIOZZI, L MONTELEONE, D GIARDINI, O TI LOW SERUM TRYPTOPHAN TO LARGE NEUTRAL AMINO-ACIDS RATIO IN IDIOPATHIC INFANTILE-AUTISM SO BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACIDS; AUTISM; SEROTONIN ID SEROTONIN; DERIVATIVES; MONOAMINES; DISORDER; ADULTS AB The serum tryptophan to large neutral amino acids ratio (Try/LNAA) is considered a reliable marker of tryptophan availability for brain serotonin synthesis. A dysfunction of brain serotonergic activity has been postulated to exist in autistic disorder and supported by recent studies. On this basis, we determined the serum amino acids levels in 40 children with idiopathic infantile autism as well as in 46 control children. A significantly lower serum Try/LNAA ratio was observed in the autistic subjects compared to the normal controls. In 14 autistic children (35%) this ratio was 2 SD below the mean value obtained in the control group. These results suggest that a low brain tryptophan avalaibility due to a low serum Try/LNAA ratio could be one of the possible mechanisms involved in the alteration of serotonergic function in autism. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV ROME,INST NEUROL,I-00100 ROME,ITALY. RP DEUFEMIA, P (reprint author), UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,DEPT PEDIAT,VIALE REGINA ELENA 324,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. CR COHEN SA, 1986, NATURE, V320, P769, DOI 10.1038/320769a0 Cohen Steve A., COMMUNICATION COLEMAN M, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF01537552 FERNSTROM JD, 1977, METABOLISM, V26, P207, DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(77)90057-9 HERNANZ A, 1991, GUT, V32, P1478, DOI 10.1136/gut.32.12.1478 HOSHINO Y, 1984, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V26, P937 LEVENTHAL BL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P499, DOI 10.1007/BF02216055 MARTINEAU J, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P593 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P547, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90011-2 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 OBRIEN G, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V157, P281, DOI 10.1192/bjp.157.2.281 PERRY TL, 1978, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V13, P575 RUSS MJ, 1990, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V19, P9, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(90)90003-Q WURTMAN RJ, 1981, PHARMACOL REV, V32, P315 YOUNG JG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01531305 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STATISTIC NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0753-3322 J9 BIOMED PHARMACOTHER JI Biomed. Pharmacother. PY 1995 VL 49 IS 6 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1016/0753-3322(96)82645-X PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RW745 UT WOS:A1995RW74500004 PM 7579010 ER PT J AU TEWARI, S KRISHNAN, VHR VALSALAN, VC ROY, A AF TEWARI, S KRISHNAN, VHR VALSALAN, VC ROY, A TI PICA IN A LEARNING-DISABILITY HOSPITAL - A CLINICAL SURVEY SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; MENTAL HANDICAP; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS; AUTISM C1 LITTLE PLUMSTEAD CTR,NORWICH NR13 5EW,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. CHELMSLEY HOSP,BIRMINGHAM,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR ANDERSON JE, 1991, AM SURGEON, V57, P663 ARBITER EA, 1991, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V17, P231, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1991.tb00693.x BICKNELL DJ, 1975, PICA CHILDHOOD SYMPT Bicknell J, 1968, J Ment Defic Res, V12, P282 COLEMAN M, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P208 DANFORD DE, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P141 DANFORD DE, 1982, AM J CLIN NUTR, V35, P958 ELIA M, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P228 FRAMER R, 1990, BRIT MED J, V301, P646 HOSKIN RG, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P183 JAWED SH, 1993, BRIT J DEV DISABIL, V39, P3 JAWED SH, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V162, P835, DOI 10.1192/bjp.162.6.835 Khan A. M., 1993, MENT HANDICAP RES, V6, P165 KINNELL HG, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P80, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.1.80 KRISHNAN VHR, 1993, BRIT J DEV DISABIL, V39, P17 LISHMAN WA, 1987, ORGANIC PSYCHIATRY LOFTS RH, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P103 MCALPINE C, 1986, J MENT DEFIC RES, V30, P171 MCCLELLAND RJ, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P659, DOI 10.1192/bjp.160.5.659 MCLOUGHLIN IJ, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P842, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.6.842 MCLOUGHLIN LJ, 1987, BRIT J HOSPITAL APR, P286 OBRIEN G, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V157, P281, DOI 10.1192/bjp.157.2.281 RECTOR WG, 1989, J GEN INTERN MED, V4, P512, DOI 10.1007/BF02599550 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 PU BRITISH SOC DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES PI STRATFORD-UPON-AVON PA C/O SEFA PUBL LTD, 4 GREAT WILLIAM ST, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV37 6RY SN 0969-7950 J9 BRIT J DEV DISABIL JI Br. J. Dev. Disabil. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 80 BP 13 EP 22 PN 1 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA QH264 UT WOS:A1995QH26400003 ER PT J AU BERG, I AF BERG, I TI AUTISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIND - HOBSON,RP SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP BERG, I (reprint author), GEN INFIRM,LEEDS,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1995 VL 166 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QB796 UT WOS:A1995QB79600042 ER PT J AU GILLBERG, IC RASTAM, M GILLBERG, C AF GILLBERG, IC RASTAM, M GILLBERG, C TI ANOREXIA-NERVOSA 6 YEARS AFTER ONSET .1. PERSONALITY-DISORDERS SO COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; EATING DISORDERS; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSES; FEATURES AB Fifty-one adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa (AN) cases recruited after community screening were compared with 51 age-, sex-, and school-matched cases with regard to personality disorders and autism-spectrum disorders (ASD)/empathy disorders at age 21 years. All 102 cases had originally been examined at a mean age of 16 years, slightly over a year after the reported onset of the eating disorder. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) interviews were performed by a psychiatrist blind to the original eating disorder diagnosis. Most of the former AN cases were recovered with respect to weight, but the outcome in social areas was restricted. Personality disorders coded on axis II in the DSM-III-R and empathy disorders were much more common in the AN group than in the comparison (COMP) group. Obsessive compulsive (OCD) and avoidant personality disorders were particularly common. obsessive-compulsive behaviors showed a high degree of stability over time and were unrelated to weight problems. Together with empathy disorder, they tended to predict outcome better than the eating disorder as such. It is concluded that in some cases, AN may be seen to reflect but one axis I diagnosis occurring in the life of an individual with a chronic personality disorder. (C) 1995 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,ANNEDALS CLIN,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CANTWELL DP, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1087 CASPER RC, 1990, PSYCHOSOM MED, V52, P156 Dally P., 1969, ANOREXIA NERVOSA Dewey M, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P184, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.006 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GARTNER AF, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1585 GILLBERG C, 1992, BEHAV NEUROL, V5, P27, DOI 10.3233/BEN-1992-5105 GILLBERG C, IN PRESS DEV MED CHI GILLBERG C, BR J HOSP MED, V5, P209 Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GILLBERG IC, IN PRESS J AM ACAD C HALMI KA, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P712 HELLGREN I, UNPUB J CHILD PSYCHO HENDREN RI, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V122, P59 HOLLAND AJ, 1988, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V32, P561, DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(88)90004-9 Lomnger AW, 1987, J PERSONALITY DISORD, V1, P1, DOI DOI 10.1521/PEDI.1987.1.1.1 MORGAN HG, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P367, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.367 RASTAM M, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P819, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199209000-00007 RASTAM M, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00018 RASTAM M, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P642 RASTAM M, IN PRESS COMPR PSYCH RATHNER G, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P175 RATNASURIYA RH, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P495, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.4.495 SCHMIDT U, 1993, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V34, P54, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(93)90036-4 SPITZER RL, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P624 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 STEIGER H, 1993, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V34, P45, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(93)90035-3 SZMUKLER GI, 1985, HDB EATING DISORDERS TONER BB, 1988, INT J PSYCHIAT MED, V18, P357 Wechsler D, 1992, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS NR 37 TC 65 Z9 65 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0010-440X J9 COMPR PSYCHIAT JI Compr. Psychiat. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0010-440X(95)90100-A PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QB430 UT WOS:A1995QB43000010 PM 7705090 ER PT J AU VIDAL, JM OURIS, R AF VIDAL, JM OURIS, R TI COMPUTER-ENHANCED ASSESSMENT OF CASE-NOTES IN STUDIES OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY - THE EXAMPLE OF AN AUTISTIC SUBJECT SO COMPUTERS AND THE HUMANITIES LA English DT Article DE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; AUTISM; CASE-REPORT; TEXTUAL ANALYSIS; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS AB Case report notes on encounters and exchanges between a clinician and a patient are a rich and irreplaceable source of information in studies of psychopathology. The analysis and exploitation of these notes may be considerably enhanced by transcribing the original notes to computer text files, and subsequently submitting these files to computerized ''reading.'' This makes it possible to take account both of qualitative and quantitative features of the behaviour and events described in the notes. Notes taken during encounters with an autistic subject were analyzed in this way. The subject's verbal and gestural repertoires were identified, together with their relative frequencies, their principal associations, and their trends over successive encounters for the items described. The method also made it possible to specify the way in which the Observer was involved in encounters, and his role in them. Major conclusions were that the autistic subject distinctly avoided triadic situations, preferentially pronounced words and phonemes similar to those of his own name, and did not distinguish between the representations he had of persons, objects, places, gestures and words. He also failed to distinguish between the representation he had of himself and of his own name. C1 CNRS,URA 373,F-35042 RENNES,FRANCE. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, P301 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Benzecri J.P., 1973, ANAL DONNEES, V2 Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS Devereux G., 1967, ANXIETY METHOD BEHAV HUAU V, 1992, THESIS U PICARDIE Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEBART L, 1988, ANAL STATISTIQUE DON Lebart L, 1984, MULTIVARIATE DESCRIP LEBOVICI S, 1960, CAS PSYCHOSE INFANTI LEFORT R, 1988, STRUCTURES PSYCHOSE Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS Mannoni M., 1979, THEORIE COMME FICTIO Meltzer D., 1975, EXPLORATIONS AUTISM QUENTEL JC, 1989, THERAPIE PSYCHOMOTRI, V84, P3 QUIMBERT C, 1988, TETRALOGIQUE, V4, P61 QURIS A, 1993, ANATEXT AIDE ANAL DO Reinert M., 1990, B METHODOLOGIE SOCIO, V26, P24 Tustin F, 1972, AUTISM CHILDHOOD PSY VIDAL JM, 1993, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V36, P67 VIDAL JM, 1994, APPROACHES COMP, P143 VIDAL JM, 1990, REV FRANCAISE PSYCHI, V8, P7 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4817 J9 COMPUT HUMANITIES JI Comput. Humanit. PY 1995 VL 28 IS 6 BP 335 EP 351 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA RD437 UT WOS:A1995RD43700001 ER PT J AU FISCHER, M AF FISCHER, M TI UNDERSTANDING OTHER MINDS - PERSPECTIVES FROM AUTISM - BARONCOHEN,S, TAGERFLUSBERG,H, COHEN,DJ SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP FISCHER, M (reprint author), MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226, USA. CR Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA QA210 UT WOS:A1995QA21000050 ER PT J AU PECK, J AF PECK, J TI PRESCHOOL ISSUES IN AUTISM - SCHOPLER,E, VANBOURGONDIEN,ME, BRISTOL,MM SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP PECK, J (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,DIV CURRICULUM & INSTRUCT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. CR SCHOPLER E, 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA QA210 UT WOS:A1995QA21000052 ER PT J AU HAMEURY, L ROUX, S LENOIR, P ADRIEN, JL SAUVAGE, D BARTHELEMY, C LELORD, G AF HAMEURY, L ROUX, S LENOIR, P ADRIEN, JL SAUVAGE, D BARTHELEMY, C LELORD, G TI LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF AUTISM AND OTHER PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS - REVIEW OF 125 CASES SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE AUTISTIC DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TREATMENT ROUTES; OUTCOME ID BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; SCALE AB This longitudinal retrospective study, based on a sample of 125 children with autism and pervasive developmental disorders treated in a Day-Care Unit (Department of Child Psychiatry, University Hospital of Tours, France) between 1968 and 1988, reports data concerning treatment routes and evolution of the medicosocial state. Statistical analyses have been carried out to study the relationship between these different data. Despite differences in the population linked to the methods of recruitment, results show that prognosis is related to the initial clinical parameters and the severity of the presenting disorders. However, even when disorders are very severe, social integration can progress with specialized treatments. RP HAMEURY, L (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,2 BD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. 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Brain Dysfunction PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 8 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA TD388 UT WOS:A1995TD38800007 ER PT J AU BARTH, C FEIN, D WATERHOUSE, L AF BARTH, C FEIN, D WATERHOUSE, L TI DELAYED MATCH-TO-SAMPLE PERFORMANCE IN AUTISTIC-CHILDREN SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OBJECT DISCRIMINATION; MEMORY PROCESSES; WORKING MEMORY; INFANT MONKEYS; TEMPORAL-LOBE; HIPPOCAMPAL; RECOGNITION; INDIVIDUALS; LESIONS; MIND AB The involvement of temporal lobe structures in autism has found support in several animal and human studies. The delayed match- and nonmatch-to-sample paradigms are two tasks that are sensitive to temporal lobe and frontal lobe development and damage and may be useful in the study of autism. High- and low-functioning autistic disordered (HAD, LAD) subjects and developmental language-disordered (DLD) and mentally retarded (MR) control subjects were tested on a two stimuli matching paradigm. Both trial-unique and repeated-stimuli procedures were used. All subjects performed equally well with both procedures. Performances of HAD subjects and controls of similar nonverbal intelligence (DLD subjects) were not significantly different. The LAD group performed at chance levels and scored significantly lower than all other groups, but convarying for nonverbal intelligence elminated all signficant group differences. These results indicate successful performance on a visual recognition memory task by HAD subjects. These findings are more consistent with the possibility of temporal rather than frontal lobe dysfunction in autism. The involvement of specific temporal lobe structures, including the amygdala and hippocampus, in autism is discussed. C1 TRENTON STATE COLL, TRENTON, NJ 08625 USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. RP BARTH, C (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT, DEPT PSYCHOL, 406 BABBIDGE RD, STORRS, CT 06269 USA. 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Neuropsychol. PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA RD002 UT WOS:A1995RD00200004 ER PT J AU LEBOYER, M PLUMET, MH GOLDBLUM, MC PEREZDIAZ, F MARCHALAND, C AF LEBOYER, M PLUMET, MH GOLDBLUM, MC PEREZDIAZ, F MARCHALAND, C TI VERBAL VERSUS VISUOSPATIAL ABILITIES IN RELATIVES OF AUTISTIC FEMALES SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATIONS; HYPOTHESIS; ASYMMETRY; PATHOLOGY AB Parents and siblings of 26 autistic females and 26 Down's syndrome females were compared on a battery of verbal and visuospatial tasks to test the possibility of familial aggregation of a particular cognitive profile. No difference was found between parents of both groups. In contrast, siblings of austistic females showed significantly lower verbal abilities than controls but did not differ in their visuospatial performance. This difference appeared attributable to brothers of autistic females, some of whom showed an especially pronounced discrepant profile at the disadvantage of verbal abilities compared to their visuospatial abilities. Results are discussed in terms of genetic and/or environmental factors that may account for an aggregation of cognitive features ranging from left-hemisphere impairments to enhanced right-hemisphere abilities. C1 CNRS,GENET COMPORTEMENTS LAB,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. CNRS,URA 1353,PSYCHOL DEV EDUC ENFANT,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. RP LEBOYER, M (reprint author), INSERM,U155,UNITE RECH EPIDEMIOL GENET,TOUR 16,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V13, P416 BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BLACKSTOCK EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01539636 DAWSON G, 1982, BRAIN LANG, V15, P353, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(82)90065-7 Deltour JJ, 1980, TEST VOCABULAIRE ACT DEYKIN EY, 1980, AM J DIS CHILD, V134, P860 FOLSTEIN S, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P428 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P521 GORDON HW, 1980, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V18, P645, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(80)90104-9 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI KAMHI AG, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V53, P316 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LECOUTEUR A, 1988, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN LORD C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01538320 LORD C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02284760 LORD C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531604 MACDONALD H, 1989, AUG M WORLD C PSYCH MILNER B, 1971, BRIT MED BULL, V27, P272 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 NARAYAN S, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P523, DOI 10.1007/BF02216057 Pennington B. 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PY 1995 VL 11 IS 1 BP 139 EP 155 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA RD002 UT WOS:A1995RD00200010 ER PT J AU FUGGLE, K FIXTER, A BROWN, SW AF FUGGLE, K FIXTER, A BROWN, SW TI MUSIC-THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF A CHILD WITH EPILEPSY AND AUTISM SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DAVID LEWIS CTR EPILEPSY,WARFORD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 1995 VL 36 SU 3 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RQ685 UT WOS:A1995RQ68500353 ER PT J AU IGNATOWICZ, L IGNATOWICZ, R JOZWIAK, S TOBOLSKA, E KMIEC, T AF IGNATOWICZ, L IGNATOWICZ, R JOZWIAK, S TOBOLSKA, E KMIEC, T TI EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN CHILDREN WITH EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILD HLTH CTR,WARSAW,POLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 1995 VL 36 SU 3 BP S234 EP S234 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RQ685 UT WOS:A1995RQ68501143 ER PT J AU ONGENAE, S AF ONGENAE, S TI AUTISM IN CHILDREN - FRENCH - PERRON,R, RIBAS,D SO EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR PERRON R, 1994, AUTISMES ENFANCE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU DUNOD PI MONTROUGE CEDEX PA 15 RUE GOSSIN, 92543 MONTROUGE CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0014-3855 J9 EVOL PSYCHIATR JI Evol. Psychiatr. PD JAN-MAR PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RA384 UT WOS:A1995RA38400041 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, H DAUM, I AF ACKERMANN, H DAUM, I TI CEREBELLUM AND COGNITION - THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEURORADIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SO FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Review ID OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHY; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; PATHOLOGY; VERMIS; DEGENERATION; TERRITORY; LESIONS; ARTERY; AUTISM; BRAIN AB It is a classical topic of clinical neurology that cerebellar dysfunctions give rise to motor deficits but spare the sensory and mental domains. Since the last century, however, cognitive decline occasionally has been attributed to diseases and lesions of the cerebellum. In recent years this assumption has gained in importance. The recent literature puts forward four arguments in favour of this suggestion: a) The neocerebellum has large reciprocal fibre connections with the association areas of the cerebral cortex. b) Functional imaging studies revealed activation of circumscript cerebellar regions during cognitive tasks. c) Patients with cerebellar malformations and diseases, respectively, may present with psychopathological signs and neuropsychological deficits. d) Atrophy of the cerebellum has been reported in schizophrenic and autistic syndromes. The present review aims at a critical evaluation of the relevant clinical and neuropsychological literature. So far there is no convincing evidence that lesions and diseases restricted to the cerebellum give rise to dementia or to impaired verbal and visual memory functions. With respect to specific perceptual tasks such as the discrimination of time intervals, problem solving, and visuospatial functions, no definite conclusion is possible so far. 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Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 63 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1055/s-2007-996600 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA QD667 UT WOS:A1995QD66700003 PM 7883269 ER PT J AU HASPEL, T AF HASPEL, T TI BETA-BLOCKERS AND THE TREATMENT OF AGGRESSION SO HARVARD REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID NEUROLEPTIC-INDUCED AKATHISIA; ORGANIC BRAIN DISEASE; DOUBLE-BLIND; PROPRANOLOL TREATMENT; BEHAVIOR; DISORDER; ADULTS; INPATIENTS; CROSSOVER; PSYCHOSIS AB This review assesses the usefulness of beta-blockers in the treatment of aggression and describes the parameters for their clinical use. A Medline search using the terms ''beta-blockers,'' ''aggression,'' ''propranolol,'' and ''brain injury'' identified relevant journal articles published in English between 1977 and 1993. Open, prospective and double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, as well as case reports, were included. Beta-blockers appear to be effective in decreasing the frequency and intensity of aggressive outbursts associated with a wide variety of conditions, such as dementias, attention-deficit disorder, personality disorders, Korsakoff's psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, profound mental retardation, autism, and brain injury. A general discussion attempts to resolve some of the issues surrounding the possible mechanisms of beta-blocker effects, reviews the anatomic and neurochemical bases of aggression, and explores implications of the clinical use of beta-blockers. RP HASPEL, T (reprint author), SAN MATEO CTY GEN HOSP,PSYCHIAT RESIDENCY OFF,222 W 39TH AVE,SAN MATEO,CA 94403, USA. 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Rev. Psychiatr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 2 IS 5 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.3109/10673229509017146 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA QF068 UT WOS:A1995QF06800004 PM 9384911 ER PT J AU STRAIN, PS DANKO, CD AF STRAIN, PS DANKO, CD TI CAREGIVERS ENCOURAGEMENT OF POSITIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN PRESCHOOLERS WITH AUTISM AND THEIR SIBLINGS SO JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PEER SOCIAL INITIATIONS; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION AB This study represents an attempt to build a home-based intervention package wherein caregivers encourage positive interactions between young children with autism and their siblings. Using a previously validated, classroom-based social skills intervention package, caregivers in three homes were able to produce substantial improvements in sibling interactions. Social validation assessment revealed that the modified intervention package was easy and enjoyable to follow. Moreover, caregivers reported interest in continuing to use the package after study completion. RP STRAIN, PS (reprint author), EARLY LEARNING INST,2500 BALDWICK RD,SUITE 15,PITTSBURGH,PA 15205, USA. CR Cordisco L., 1986, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V10, P10 FOX JJ, 1984, MONOGRAPHS BEHAVIORA, V7, P17 GREENWOOD CR, 1982, BEHAV ASSESS, V4, P273 Kaufman A. S., 1977, CLIN EVALUATION YOUN KOHLER FW, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P525, DOI 10.1177/01454455920164005 KOHLER FW, IN PRESS PRACTICAL A LEAHEDRICK D, 1984, SEQUENCED INVENTORY LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V53, P3 MCCONNELL SR, 1991, J SPEC EDUC, V24, P473 MCGEE G, 1993, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM SCHOPLER H, 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT STRAIN PS, 1987, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V7, P97 Strain P. S., 1985, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V4, P47, DOI 10.1177/027112148500400406 STRAIN PS, 1984, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V4, P15, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90015-6 Strain P. S., 1985, J DIV EARLY CHILDHOO, V10, P105 STRAIN PS, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90024-1 STRAIN PS, 1986, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V52, P543 STRAIN PS, 1988, EMPIRICAL BASIS EARL STRAIN PS, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-289 STRAIN PS, 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P291 STRAIN PS, 1977, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V5, P445, DOI 10.1007/BF00915092 STRAIN PS, 1994, IMPROVEMENT PARENT C Tawney J. W., 1984, SINGLE SUBJECT RES S NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 1063-4266 J9 J EMOT BEHAV DISORD JI J. Emot. Behav. Disord. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA QG849 UT WOS:A1995QG84900001 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, JG DOMBOVY, ML WATKINS, K AF SCHMIDT, JG DOMBOVY, ML WATKINS, K TI TREATMENT OF VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS ORGANIC PERSONALITY-DISORDER AND AUTISTIC FEATURES WITH PROPRANOLOL - A CASE-REPORT SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGIC REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE PROPRANOLOL; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; ORGANIC PERSONALITY DISORDER; AUTISM ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; TEMPORAL-LOBE; PATIENT; FORM; AGITATION; BRAIN AB Objective: To observe and describe the clinical effects of propranolol in an agitated and violent patient with postviral encephalitis organic personality disorder. Background: Cognitive and behavioral deficits are common in patients with viral encephalitis. Methods to modify behavior by a behavior program and medication have reported limited success. Case: A sixteen-year-old girl developed progressive violent and sexually disinhibited behavior five weeks following acute viral encephalitis (presumed herpes simplex encephalitis). Three weeks of high dose lorazepam (6mg/d) failed to control her symptoms. Intensive behavioral therapy was also ineffective and violent behavior increased during structured treatment hours. Benzodiazepines and low dose haloperidol were ineffective over the subsequent two weeks in a neurorehabilitation unit. Propranolol was then given (10 mg b.i.d. to 20 mg t.i.d.) and she had a dramatic change in behavior with less violence and less agitation after one day of treatment with propranolol. Her short-term memory improved. Decreased dosage of propranolol was associated with the return of violent behavior. Maintenance propranolol was effective in controlling her symptoms and led to the resumption of her multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Conclusion: Violent and autistic behavior due to viral (herpes) encephalitis may respond to propranolol. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT NEUROL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. BETHESDA GEN HOSP,PREMIER CARE NEUROREHABIL PROGRAM,ST LOUIS,MO. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ST LOUIS,MO. 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